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Rosario Nieves E, Rosenstein LD, González D, Bordes Edgar V, Jofre Zarate D, MacDonald Wer B. Is language translation enough in cross-cultural neuropsychological assessments of patients from Latin America? APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38984786 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2376829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to highlight the need to consider factors other than language when adapting tests across cultural groups and to offer a list of tests that have been adapted for use among patients from or descended from Latin American Countries. Despite efforts in the field through publications and workshops, the authors were aware of continued errors in cross-cultural assessment of these patients, resulting in misdiagnosis and unintentional inequitable care. Thus, we sought to reinforce the existing literature. METHOD We reviewed the literature pertaining to cross-cultural adaptation of neuropsychological measures. Relevant papers were identified by our institution's Academic Enhanced Search Option (AcESO) Database, PubMed, and Google Scholar. RESULTS 102 papers, articles, and other published literature were reviewed describing issues related to the adaptation of tests for groups originally from or descended from Latin American Countries residing in the United States. CONCLUSIONS It is imperative that tests be appropriately developed or adapted for the target population with appropriate normative data available, and ideally administered by a fluent speaker trained in assessment. Inappropriate use of tests not adapted for a particular patient's language and country of origin can result in misdiagnosis, potentially resulting in harm to the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Rosario Nieves
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, Texas, USA
- Parkland Health and Hospital System Behavioral Health Clinic; Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Leslie D Rosenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, Texas, USA
- Parkland Health and Hospital System Behavioral Health Clinic; Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Deborah González
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Veronica Bordes Edgar
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, Texas, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, Texas, USA
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's HealthDallas, Texas, USA
| | - Diego Jofre Zarate
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Beatriz MacDonald Wer
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, Texas, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, Texas, USA
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's HealthDallas, Texas, USA
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DeSerisy M, Wall MM, Goldberg TE, Batistuzzo MC, Keyes K, de Joode NT, Lochner C, Marincowitz C, Narayan M, Anand N, Rapp AM, Stein DJ, Simpson HB, Margolis AE. Assessing harmonized intelligence measures in a multinational study. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2024; 11:e22. [PMID: 38572246 PMCID: PMC10988151 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2024.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies examining the neurocognitive and circuit-based etiology of psychiatric illness are moving toward inclusive, global designs. A potential confounding effect of these associations is general intelligence; however, an internationally validated, harmonized intelligence quotient (IQ) measure is not available. We describe the procedures used to measure IQ across a five-site, multinational study and demonstrate the harmonized measure's cross-site validity. Culturally appropriate intelligence measures were selected: four short-form Wechsler intelligence tests (Brazil, Netherlands, South Africa, United States) and the Binet Kamat (India). Analyses included IQ scores from 255 healthy participants (age 18-50; 42% male). Regression analyses tested between-site differences in IQ scores, as well as expected associations with sociodemographic factors (sex, socioeconomic status, education) to assess validity. Harmonization (e.g., a priori selection of tests) yielded the compatibility of IQ measures. Higher IQ was associated with higher socioeconomic status, suggesting good convergent validity. No association was found between sex and IQ at any site, suggesting good discriminant validity. Associations between higher IQ and higher years of education were found at all sites except the United States. Harmonized IQ scores provide a measure of IQ with evidence of good validity that can be used in neurocognitive and circuit-based studies to control for intelligence across global sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah DeSerisy
- Columbia University Medical Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie M. Wall
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Terry E. Goldberg
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcelo C. Batistuzzo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katherine Keyes
- Columbia University Medical Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niels T. de Joode
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christine Lochner
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Clara Marincowitz
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Madhuri Narayan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance (INI), Bangalore, India
| | - Nitin Anand
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance (INI), Bangalore, India
| | - Amy M. Rapp
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan J. Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - H. Blair Simpson
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy E. Margolis
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Hernández-Gamboa R, Salazar-Villanea M, Alvarado-Barrantes R, Johnson DK, Chacón-Araya Y, Moncada-Jiménez J. An examination of the validity of neuropsychological and physical testing batteries in Latin-American adults aged over 55 years. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:3157-3165. [PMID: 37989993 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valid and reliable measurements are necessary to understand and monitor age-related changes. AIMS To describe the factor structure and provide validity evidence of a neuropsychological and a physical testing batteries using factor analysis. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of data from the Epidemiology and Development of Alzheimer's Disease (EDAD) project. Community-dwelling adults aged 55 to 85 years underwent comprehensive physical and neuropsychological assessments. An exploratory factor analysis was performed on both assessment batteries. The models were later confirmed with a random subsample using confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS Data from 238 adults (163 females and 75 males) was included. The neuropsychological model revealed a four-factor structure formed by "Executive Functioning", "Verbal Memory", "Logical Memory", and "Labeling And Reading" (Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings [ESSL] = 56.41% explained variance; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual [SRMSR] = 0.06; Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.98). The physical model was formed by a two-factor structure including "Health-related Fitness and "Functional Fitness" (ESSL = 50.54% explained variance; SRMSR = 0.07; CFI = 0.93). DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the structure of comprehensive testing batteries for the Latin-American older adults. Our analysis contributes to the understanding of theoretical constructs that are evaluated in the EDAD project. CONCLUSION Our findings provide validity evidence for simplified and reduced testing batteries, which imply shorter testing times and fewer resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Hernández-Gamboa
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
- Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | | | | | - David K Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yamileth Chacón-Araya
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center (CIMOHU), University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - José Moncada-Jiménez
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center (CIMOHU), University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Marques-Costa C, Simões MR, Almiro PA, Prieto G, Salomé Pinho M. Integrating Technology in Neuropsychological Assessment. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Although neuropsychological assessments include some measures that are administered, scored, or interpreted using new technologies, most researchers in this area advocate that more technology should be integrated. The current situation in neuropsychological assessment may be conceptualized as triggering a crisis leading to a paradigm shift, as there is some resistance to adopting more technology. In this paper, the context of the present crisis in neuropsychological assessment, the main obstacles, and new developments will be discussed. An example of a new computerized assessment tool, the NIH Toolbox, is highlighted. Also addressed are potential issues: in the assessment with tablets illustrating it with the older adult population and how to ensure the compatibility of data collected through these devices within the framework of the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Recommendations for research, test development, and clinical practice are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Marques-Costa
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário R. Simões
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro A. Almiro
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Centre for Psychology (CIP), Autonomous University Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gerardo Prieto
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Salomé Pinho
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Memory, Language, and Executive Functions Laboratory, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Cheng X, Gilmore GC, Lerner AJ, Lee K. Computerized Block Games for Automated Cognitive Assessment: Development and Evaluation Study (Preprint). JMIR Serious Games 2022; 11:e40931. [PMID: 37191993 DOI: 10.2196/40931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive assessment using tangible objects can measure fine motor and hand-eye coordination skills along with other cognitive domains. Administering such tests is often expensive, labor-intensive, and error prone owing to manual recording and potential subjectivity. Automating the administration and scoring processes can address these difficulties while reducing time and cost. e-Cube is a new vision-based, computerized cognitive assessment tool that integrates computational measures of play complexity and item generators to enable automated and adaptive testing. The e-Cube games use a set of cubes, and the system tracks the movements and locations of these cubes as manipulated by the player. OBJECTIVE The primary objectives of the study were to validate the play complexity measures that form the basis of developing the adaptive assessment system and evaluate the preliminary utility and usability of the e-Cube system as an automated cognitive assessment tool. METHODS This study used 6 e-Cube games, namely, Assembly, Shape-Matching, Sequence-Memory, Spatial-Memory, Path-Tracking, and Maze, each targeting different cognitive domains. In total, 2 versions of the games, the fixed version with predetermined sets of items and the adaptive version using the autonomous item generators, were prepared for comparative evaluation. Enrolled participants (N=80; aged 18-60 years) were divided into 2 groups: 48% (38/80) of the participants in the fixed group and 52% (42/80) in the adaptive group. Each was administered the 6 e-Cube games; 3 subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV; Block Design, Digit Span, and Matrix Reasoning); and the System Usability Scale (SUS). Statistical analyses at the 95% significance level were applied. RESULTS The play complexity values were correlated with the performance indicators (ie, correctness and completion time). The adaptive e-Cube games were correlated with the WAIS-IV subtests (r=0.49, 95% CI 0.21-0.70; P<.001 for Assembly and Block Design; r=0.34, 95% CI 0.03-0.59; P=.03 for Shape-Matching and Matrix Reasoning; r=0.51, 95% CI 0.24-0.72; P<.001 for Spatial-Memory and Digit Span; r=0.45, 95% CI 0.16-0.67; P=.003 for Path-Tracking and Block Design; and r=0.45, 95% CI 0.16-0.67; P=.003 for Path-Tracking and Matrix Reasoning). The fixed version showed weaker correlations with the WAIS-IV subtests. The e-Cube system showed a low false detection rate (6/5990, 0.1%) and was determined to be usable, with an average SUS score of 86.01 (SD 8.75). CONCLUSIONS The correlations between the play complexity values and performance indicators supported the validity of the play complexity measures. Correlations between the adaptive e-Cube games and the WAIS-IV subtests demonstrated the potential utility of the e-Cube games for cognitive assessment, but a further validation study is needed to confirm this. The low false detection rate and high SUS scores indicated that e-Cube is technically reliable and usable.
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Karr JE, Rivera Mindt M, Iverson GL. Algorithms for Operationalizing Mild Cognitive Impairment Using the Spanish-Language NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2022; 37:1608-1618. [PMID: 35739338 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropsychologists would benefit from flexible methods for operationalizing psychometric cognitive impairment in Spanish-speaking examinees that vary in association with intelligence, education, and sociocultural characteristics. The current study combined low and high score base rates (BRs) for the Spanish-language NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) to identify score combinations that are uncommon within different stratifications of the normative sample and may indicate cognitive impairment. METHOD The Spanish-language NIHTB-CB normative sample included 250 healthy Latinx adults with complete data on two crystallized and five fluid cognitive tests (M = 38.8 ± 13.7 years old, 72.0% women). Test performances were converted into age-adjusted and demographically adjusted normed scores, adjusting for age, gender, and education. The frequencies at which participants obtained one or more low scores or few to no high scores on fluid cognitive tests were combined into algorithms that occurred at BRs approximately 1 SD (~16%) or 1.5 SDs (~7%) below the mean. RESULTS Algorithms are provided for age-adjusted and demographically adjusted scores, with BRs stratified by crystallized ability, education, and sociocultural characteristics. Using demographically adjusted norms, the BR of obtaining any one of the following, 5 scores <50th, 4+ scores ≤25th, 3+ scores ≤16th, or 2+ scores ≤9th percentile, approximates 1 SD below the mean in participants born (BR = 16.2%) or educated abroad (BR = 18.6%), who are monolingual Spanish speakers (BR = 16.4%) or who reside in low-income households (BR = 13.6%). CONCLUSIONS These algorithms offer a flexible approach to operationalizing psychometric cognitive impairment, through which different definitions can be applied to different examinees based on varying crystallized ability, education, and sociocultural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Rivera Mindt
- Department of Psychology, Latin American and Latino Studies Institute, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Charlestown, MA, USA
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7
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Brantuo MA, An K, Biss RK, Ali S, Erdodi LA. Neurocognitive Profiles Associated With Limited English Proficiency in Cognitively Intact Adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2022; 37:1579-1600. [PMID: 35694764 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to examine the neurocognitive profiles associated with limited English proficiency (LEP). METHOD A brief neuropsychological battery including measures with high (HVM) and low verbal mediation (LVM) was administered to 80 university students: 40 native speakers of English (NSEs) and 40 with LEP. RESULTS Consistent with previous research, individuals with LEP performed more poorly on HVM measures and equivalent to NSEs on LVM measures-with some notable exceptions. CONCLUSIONS Low scores on HVM tests should not be interpreted as evidence of acquired cognitive impairment in individuals with LEP, because these measures may systematically underestimate cognitive ability in this population. These findings have important clinical and educational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maame A Brantuo
- Department of Psychology, Neuropsychology Track, University of Windsor, Windsor ON, Canada
| | - Kelly An
- Department of Psychology, Neuropsychology Track, University of Windsor, Windsor ON, Canada
| | - Renee K Biss
- Department of Psychology, Neuropsychology Track, University of Windsor, Windsor ON, Canada
| | - Sami Ali
- Department of Psychology, Neuropsychology Track, University of Windsor, Windsor ON, Canada
| | - Laszlo A Erdodi
- Department of Psychology, Neuropsychology Track, University of Windsor, Windsor ON, Canada
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8
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Karr JE, Garcia-Barrera MA, Marsh JM, Maxwell BA, Berkner PD, Iverson GL. Preseason Baseline Neurocognitive Performances and Symptom Reporting on Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing: A Comparison of Adolescent Student-Athletes Tested in Spanish and English. J Athl Train 2021; 56:879-886. [PMID: 33237992 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0345.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Student-athletes are commonly administered the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) battery at preseason baseline and postconcussion. The ImPACT is available in many languages, but few researchers have examined differences in cognitive performances and symptom ratings based on the language of administration. OBJECTIVE To examine differences in ImPACT neurocognitive composites and symptom reporting at preseason baseline testing between student-athletes who completed ImPACT in Spanish versus English. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Preseason baseline testing for a high school concussion-management program in Maine. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Adolescent student-athletes who completed testing in Spanish (n = 169) and English (n = 169) were matched on age, gender, and health and academic history. Language groups were compared on each outcome for the full sample and for gender-stratified subsamples. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Neurocognitive composite scores and individual and total symptom severity ratings from the ImPACT battery. RESULTS Athletes tested in Spanish displayed lower levels of neurocognitive performance on 2 of 5 composite scores (visual motor speed: P < .001, d = 0.51; reaction time: P = .004, d = 0.33) and reported greater symptom severity (P < .001, r = 0.21). When the analyses were stratified by gender, similar visual motor speed differences were observed between language groups among boys (P = .001, d = 0.49) and girls (P = .001, d = 0.49), whereas reaction time showed a larger group difference for boys (P = .012, d = 0.42) than for girls (P = .128, d = 0.21). Language-group differences in symptom reporting were similar for boys (P = .003, r = 0.22) and girls (P = .008, r = 0.21), with more frequent endorsement of physical and affective symptoms by athletes tested in Spanish. CONCLUSIONS Language-group differences in total symptom severity were small (r = 0.21) and in neurocognitive performances were small to medium (d = 0.05-0.51). Versus previous authors who compared athletes tested in Spanish and English with ImPACT, we observed smaller effects, which may be attributable to close matching on variables related to neurocognitive performances and symptom reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E Karr
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | | | - Jacqueline M Marsh
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA.,Home Base, a Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Charlestown, MA
| | - Bruce A Maxwell
- Department of Computer Science, Colby College, Waterville, ME
| | - Paul D Berkner
- Health Services, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME
| | - Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA.,Spaulding Research Institute, Charlestown, MA.,MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sports Concussion Program, Boston, MA
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Vicente SG, Ramos-Usuga D, Barbosa F, Gaspar N, Dores AR, Rivera D, Arango-Lasprilla JC. Regression-Based Norms for the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure in a Portuguese Adult Population. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:587-596. [PMID: 33067608 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The principal goal of this study was to produce adjusted normative data for European Portuguese native speakers from Portugal on 2 neuropsychological tests widely used to assess learning and memory: the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF). METHOD The study included 300 individuals aged 18-92 years (M = 50.4, SD = 21.2), who had educational backgrounds ranging from 3 to 25 years (M = 10.4, SD = 5.2). RESULTS Age, education, and sex were significantly associated with HVLT-R and ROCF performance. These demographic variables accounted for 61% of the variance in HVLT-R total recall, 54% in HVLT-R delayed recall, 18% in HVLT-R recognition, 55% in ROCF copy, and 39% in ROCF immediate recall. CONCLUSIONS The normative data are presented as regression-based algorithms to adjust direct and derived test scores for age, education, and sex. This study provides a calculator of normative data derived from the results of the regression models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene G Vicente
- Centre for Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4099-002, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ramos-Usuga
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain.,Biomedical Research Doctorate Program, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4099-002, Portugal
| | - Nuno Gaspar
- Centre for Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4099-002, Portugal
| | - Artemisa R Dores
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Diego Rivera
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Navarra 31006, España
| | - Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain.,IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
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Kavé G, Sapir-Yogev S, Bregman N, Shiner T. On the importance of using local tests and local norms in the assessment of memory. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2021; 29:1492-1498. [PMID: 33691536 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1892677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study compared the assessment of memory with a translated story recall test and its original published norms and an equivalent local test with local norms. Analyses used data from 232 individuals with memory complaints who underwent neuropsychological evaluation at an outpatient memory clinic. One group of participants completed a translated test (N = 126) and another group completed a local test (N = 106). Additionally, participants completed tasks of word list recall, picture naming, and verbal fluency, all having local norms. The results showed that raw scores on the delayed story recall test, and on all other cognitive tasks, did not differ across groups, and the cross-task correlations were significant and similar in size in both groups. Yet, there was an interaction between group and standardized tests scores, whereby the standardized scores on the translated story recall test were equivalent to population mean, whereas all other scores fell below the mean. Conversion of raw scores to the original norms indicated that the performance of individuals with memory complaints was intact, while conversion of scores on a local test to local norms revealed the expected memory impairment. The findings highlight the importance of using local tests and local norms in the assessment of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitit Kavé
- Department of Education and Psychology, The Open University, Ra'anana, Israel.,Cognitive Neurology Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Noa Bregman
- Cognitive Neurology Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamara Shiner
- Cognitive Neurology Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Mindt MR, Marquine MJ, Aghvinian M, Scott TM, Cherner M, Paredes AM, Taylor MJ, Umlauf A, Suarez P, Diaz-Santos M, Kamalyan L, Heaton A, Fortuny LAI, Heaton RK. Demographically-adjusted norms for the processing speed subtests of the WAIS-III in a Spanish-speaking adult population: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project. Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 35:293-307. [PMID: 32233833 PMCID: PMC8186464 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2020.1723707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) processing speed subtests are among the most ubiquitous indices of processing speed in the field. The aim of this study was to develop and examine demographically-adjusted normative data for Spanish language versions of the WAIS-III Digit Symbol Coding (DSC) and Symbol Search (SS) subtests for US-dwelling Spanish-speakers living in the US/Mexico border region. METHODS The sample included 203 healthy participants who were part of the larger Neuropsychological Norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project (DSC: n = 201; SS: n = 200). RESULTS Older age and higher education were both related to lower scores on the DSC and SS subtests (all ps < .0001). There were no significant effects for gender (all ps > .05). Raw-to-scaled score conversions were calculated for both subtests, and fractional polynomial equations were derived to compute demographically-adjusted T-scores accounting for age, education, and gender for each subtest and the Processing Speed Index. Published norms for English-speaking non-Hispanic white adults slightly overestimated impairment rates (T-scores <40) on both the DSC and SS subtests, while the norms for English-speaking non-Hispanic Black/African Americans and the new NP-NUMBRS norms Spanish-speakers both yielded impairment rates that fell within expected limits for healthy controls (i.e. 13%-14%). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that population-specific normative data can improve the diagnostic validity of these measures for U.S.-dwelling Spanish-speakers living in the US/Mexico border region. Future research is needed to investigate the utility of these norms for other U.S.-dwelling Spanish-speaking subpopulations (e.g. Caribbean, Central American, South American).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rivera Mindt
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | | | | | | | - Mariana Cherner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
| | | | | | - Anya Umlauf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
| | - Paola Suarez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
| | | | - Lily Kamalyan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
| | - Anne Heaton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
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12
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Rodríguez-Lorenzana A, Ramos-Usuga D, Díaz LA, Mascialino G, Yacelga Ponce T, Rivera D, Arango-Lasprilla JC. Normative data of neuropsychological tests of attention and executive functions in Ecuadorian adult population. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2020; 28:508-527. [PMID: 32666879 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2020.1790493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to generate normative data for five tests of attention and executive functions (M-WCST, Stroop test, TMT, BTA, and SDMT), in a group of 322 Ecuadorian adults from Quito between the ages of 18 and 85. METHOD Multiple regression analyzes taking into account age, education, and gender were used to generate the normative data. RESULTS Age and education were significantly related to test performance such that scores decreased with age and improved as a function of education. An online calculator is provided to generate normative test scores. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that presents normative data for tests of executive functions and attention in an Ecuadorian adult population. This data will improve the clinical practice of neuropsychology and help to develop the field in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Ramos-Usuga
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute , Barakaldo, Spain.,Biomedical Research Doctorate Program, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Leioa, Spain
| | - Lila Adana Díaz
- Escuela De Psicología, Universidad De Las Américas , Quito, Ecuador
| | - Guido Mascialino
- Escuela De Psicología, Universidad De Las Américas , Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Diego Rivera
- Departamento De Ciencias De La Salud, Universidad Pública De Navarra , Navarra, España
| | - Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute , Barakaldo, Spain.,IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Leioa, Spain
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13
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Scott TM, Morlett Paredes A, Taylor MJ, Umlauf A, Artiola I Fortuny L, Heaton RK, Cherner M, Marquine MJ, Rivera Mindt M. Demographically-adjusted norms for the WAIS-R Block Design and Arithmetic subtests: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project. Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 35:419-432. [PMID: 31928314 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1707285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Block Design and Arithmetic subtests are frequently used as measures of visuospatial construction and verbal working memory, respectively. As part of a larger test adaptation and norming effort for this population, we generated and investigated demographically-adjusted interpretive norms for WAIS-R Block Design and Arithmetic in Spanish-speaking adults living in the US-Mexico border region. METHOD Participants included 183 community-dwelling adults ages 20-55 (education range: 0-20 years; 58% women) from the NeuroPsychological-Norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) Project. They completed the WAIS-R Block Design and Arithmetic subtests in Spanish. Demographically-adjusted T-scores were calculated for these subtests using fractional polynomial equations adjusting for linear and non-linear effects of age, education (continuous), and sex. We compared our rates of impairment (i.e. T < 40) against rates calculated using published English-speaking WAIS-R standardization sample norms adjusted for age, education, and sex. RESULTS Education was positively associated with performance on Block Design and Arithmetic subtests, and men outperformed women on both subtests. The present Spanish-speaker norms for these subtests yielded expected rates of "impairment" (i.e. 15-16% impaired, a 1 SD cutoff), while existing norms for English-speakers underestimated impairment (i.e. 5-6% impaired) when applied to our Spanish-speaking sample. CONCLUSIONS Regional normative data will improve interpretation of test performance on Block Design and Arithmetic subtests for Spanish-speakers living in the US-Mexico border region and may aid in bolstering the overall analysis of neuropsychological profile patterns in this population. Cross-validation with Spanish-speakers in other regions and/or with other national origins is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis M Scott
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Sierra Pacific MIRECC, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael J Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anya Umlauf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert K Heaton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mariana Cherner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - María J Marquine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Monica Rivera Mindt
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Latin American Latino Studies Institute, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Vila-Castelar C, Papp KV, Amariglio RE, Torres VL, Baena A, Gomez D, Rendon J, Samaroo A, Lopera F, Rentz DM, Quiroz YT. Validation of the Latin American Spanish version of the face-name associative memory exam in a Colombian Sample. Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 34:1-12. [PMID: 31851865 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1690050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Face-Name Associative Memory Exam (FNAME) has been used to detect subtle cognitive changes in clinically normal older adults at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. FNAME assesses learning and delayed recall for face-name pairs. The aim of this study is to introduce a Latin American Spanish version of the FNAME (LAS-FNAME), examine its psychometric properties, and provide preliminary normative data in a sample of clinically normal, Spanish-speaking individuals from Antioquia, Colombia. METHOD 59 clinically-normal individuals (71% females) were recruited by the Grupo de Neurociencias in Antioquia (Colombia). Age ranged from 27 to 82 years (M = 50.31, SD = 15.32) and years of education ranged from 2 to 17 years (M = 9.02, SD = 4.11). All participants completed the LAS-FNAME and a brief neuropsychological evaluation. We examined associations between age, education, and sex and performance on the LAS-FNAME. Internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity were also assessed. Test-restest reliability was computed for a subset of participants (n = 32). RESULTS LAS-FNAME exhibited moderate convergent validity with other memory measures (Free and Cued Selective Reminding Scale, r s=.465, p<.01; Wechsler Memory Scale III - Logical Memory Delayed Recall, r s=.479, p<.01). The subscales of the LAS-FNAME exhibited adequate internal consistency (α=.825). Test-retest reliability analyses demonstrated consistency of scores over time. Normative data was stratified by age (<50, 50-65, >65) and low and high educational attainment (≤8 and >8 years of education, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The LAS-FNAME is a valid and reliable measure to assess memory in clinically normal, Spanish-speaking individuals from Colombia for clinical and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Vila-Castelar
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn V Papp
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca E Amariglio
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valeria L Torres
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Ana Baena
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana Gomez
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jorge Rendon
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Aubryn Samaroo
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Dorene M Rentz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yakeel T Quiroz
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Miranda AR, Franchetto Sierra J, Martínez Roulet A, Rivadero L, Serra SV, Soria EA. Age, education and gender effects on Wisconsin card sorting test: standardization, reliability and validity in healthy Argentinian adults. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2019; 27:807-825. [PMID: 31744387 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2019.1693491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a widely used neuropsychological assessment of executive functioning. The aim of this study was to provide norm values and analyze the psychometric properties of WCST in healthy Argentinian adults aged from 18 to 89 years old (N = 235). Descriptive statistics are reported as means, standard deviations and percentiles, with the effects of age, education and gender being investigated by ANOVA, and with the effect sizes being calculated. The psychometrics were studied using the WCST structure, reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity, and WCST norms adjusted for age and educational level are proposed. This instrument is a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of executive functions. However, as the age- and educational-related effects were demonstrated, these characteristics need to be considered before interpreting WCST scores. Regarding gender, no differences were found. Our results expand the geographical and sociocultural applicability of WCST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín R Miranda
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Fonoaudiología. Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Cordoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, INICSA , Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juliana Franchetto Sierra
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Fonoaudiología. Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Amparo Martínez Roulet
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Fonoaudiología. Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Luisina Rivadero
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Fonoaudiología. Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Silvana V Serra
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Fonoaudiología. Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Elio A Soria
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, INICSA , Córdoba, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Instituto de Biología Celular , Cordoba, Argentina
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Geographic Variation and Instrumentation Artifacts: in Search of Confounds in Performance Validity Assessment in Adults with Mild TBI. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-019-09354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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