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Wolf W, Tomasello M. A Shared Intentionality Account of Uniquely Human Social Bonding. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2023:17456916231201795. [PMID: 37883801 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231201795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Many mechanisms of social bonding are common to all primates, but humans seemingly have developed some that are unique to the species. These involve various kinds of interactive experiences-from taking a walk together to having a conversation-whose common feature is the triadic sharing of experience. Current theories of social bonding have no explanation for why humans should have these unique bonding mechanisms. Here we propose a shared intentionality account of uniquely human social bonding. Humans evolved to participate with others in unique forms of cooperative and communicative activities that both depend on and create shared experience. Sharing experience in these activities causes partners to feel closer because it allows them to assess their partner's cooperative competence and motivation toward them and because the shared representations created during such interactions make subsequent cooperative interactions easier and more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Wolf
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University
| | - Michael Tomasello
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University
- Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Makowicz AM, Bierbach D, Richardson C, Hughes KA. Cascading indirect genetic effects in a clonal vertebrate. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220731. [PMID: 35858068 PMCID: PMC9277275 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how individual differences arise and how their effects propagate through groups are fundamental issues in biology. Individual differences can arise from indirect genetic effects (IGE): genetically based variation in the conspecifics with which an individual interacts. Using a clonal species, the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa), we test the hypothesis that IGE can propagate to influence phenotypes of the individuals that do not experience them firsthand. We tested this by exposing genetically identical Amazon mollies to conspecific social partners of different clonal lineages, and then moving these focal individuals to new social groups in which they were the only member to have experienced the IGE. We found that genetically different social environments resulted in the focal animals experiencing different levels of aggression, and that these IGE carried over into new social groups to influence the behaviour of naive individuals. These data reveal that IGE can cascade beyond the individuals that experience them. Opportunity for cascading IGE is ubiquitous, especially in species with long-distance dispersal or fission-fusion group dynamics. Cascades could amplify (or mitigate) the effects of IGE on trait variation and on evolutionary trajectories. Expansion of the IGE framework to include cascading and other types of carry-over effects will therefore improve understanding of individual variation and social evolution and allow more accurate prediction of population response to changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Makowicz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - David Bierbach
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany,Excellence Cluster ‘Science of Intelligence,’ Technische Universität Berlin, Marchstraße 23, 10587 Berlin, Germany,Faculty of Life Sciences, Thaer-Institute, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Richardson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Hughes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
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3
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Razik I, Brown BKG, Carter GG. Forced proximity promotes the formation of enduring cooperative relationships in vampire bats. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20220056. [PMID: 35382586 PMCID: PMC8984352 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial assortment can be both a cause and a consequence of cooperation. Proximity promotes cooperation when individuals preferentially help nearby partners, and conversely, cooperation drives proximity when individuals move towards more cooperative partners. However, these two causal directions are difficult to distinguish with observational data. Here, we experimentally test if forcing randomly selected pairs of equally familiar female common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) into close spatial proximity promotes the formation of enduring cooperative relationships. Over 114 days, we sampled 682 h of interactions among 21 females captured from three distant sites to track daily allogrooming rates over time. We compared these rates before, during and after a one-week period, during which we caged random triads of previously unfamiliar and unrelated vampire bats in proximity. After the week of proximity when all bats could again freely associate, the allogrooming rates of pairs forced into proximity increased more than those of the 126 control pairs. This work is the first to experimentally demonstrate the causal effect of repeated interactions on cooperative investments in vampire bats. Future work should determine the relative importance of mere association versus interactions (e.g. reciprocal allogrooming) in shaping social preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Razik
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Panama
| | | | - Gerald G Carter
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Panama
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4
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Kelm DH, Toelch U, Jones MM. Mixed-species groups in bats: non-random roost associations and roost selection in neotropical understory bats. Front Zool 2021; 18:53. [PMID: 34641887 PMCID: PMC8507185 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixed-species groups in animals have been shown to confer antipredator, foraging and other benefits to their members that may provide selective advantages. In most cases, however, it is unclear whether functional benefits are a principal driver of heterospecific groups, or whether groups simply result from simultaneous exploitation of common resources. Mixed-species groups that form independently of environmental conditions may, however, evidence direct benefits of species associations. Bats are among the most gregarious mammals, with sometimes thousands of individuals of various species roosting communally. Despite numerous potential functional benefits of such mixed-species roosting groups, interspecific attraction has never been shown. To explore alternative explanations for mixed-species roosting, we studied roost selection in a speciose neotropical understory bat community in lowland rainforest in Costa Rica. Long term roost data were recorded over 10 years in a total of 133 roosts comprising both natural roosts and structurally uniform artificial roosts. We modelled bat roost occupancy and abundance in each roost type and in forest and pasture habitats to quantify the effects of roost- and environmental variability. RESULTS We found that bat species presence in natural roosts is predictable from habitat and structural roost parameters, but that the presence and abundance of other bat species further modifies roost choice. One third of the 12 study species were found to actively associate with selected other bat species in roosts (e.g. Glossophaga commissarisi with Carollia sowelli). Other species did not engage in communal roosting, which in some cases indicates a role for negative interspecific interactions, such as roost competition. CONCLUSIONS Mixed-species roosting may provide thermoregulatory benefits, reduce intraspecific competition and promote interspecific information transfer, and hence some heterospecific associations may be selected for in bats. Overall, our study contributes to an improved understanding of the array of factors that shape diverse tropical bat communities and drive the dynamics of heterospecific grouping in mammals more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlev H Kelm
- Zoology 2, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. .,Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany. .,Estación Biológica de Doñana, Seville, Spain.
| | - Ulf Toelch
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , QUEST Center for Responsible Research , Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirkka M Jones
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Mavrodiev P, Fleischmann D, Kerth G, Schweitzer F. Quantifying individual influence in leading-following behavior of Bechstein's bats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2691. [PMID: 33514763 PMCID: PMC7846810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80946-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leading-following behavior as a way of transferring information about the location of resources is wide-spread in many animal societies. It represents active information transfer that allows a given social species to reach collective decisions in the presence of limited information. Although leading-following behavior has received much scientific interest in the form of field studies, there is a need for systematic methods to quantify and study the individual contributions in this information transfer, which would eventually lead us to hypotheses about the individual mechanisms underlying this behaviour. In this paper we propose a general methodology that allows us to (a) infer individual leading-following behaviour from discrete observational data and (b) quantify individual influence based on methods from social network analysis. To demonstrate our methodology, we analyze longitudinal data of the roosting behavior of two different colonies of Bechstein's bats in different years. Regarding (a) we show how the inference of leading-following events can be calibrated from data making it a general approach when only discrete observations are available. This allows us to address (b) by constructing social networks in which nodes represent individual bats and directed and weighted links-the leading-following events. We then show how social network theory can be used to define and quantify individual influence in a way that reflects the dynamics of the specific social network. We find that individuals can be consistently ranked regarding their influence in the information transfer. Moreover, we identify a small set of individuals that play a central role in leading other bats to roosts. In the case of Bechstein's bats this finding can direct future studies on the individual-level mechanisms that result in such collective pattern. More generally, we posit that our data-driven methodology can be used to quantify leading-following behavior and individual impact in other animal systems, solely based on discrete observational data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlin Mavrodiev
- Chair of Systems Design, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Fleischmann
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Strasse 26, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gerald Kerth
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Strasse 26, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank Schweitzer
- Chair of Systems Design, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Ocampo‐González P, López‐Wilchis R, Espinoza‐Medinilla EE, Rioja‐Paradela TM. A review of the breeding biology of Chiroptera. Mamm Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ocampo‐González
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias en Biodiversiad y Conservación de Ecosistemas Tropicales Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas Libramiento Norte Poniente 1150, Colonia Lajas Maciel Tuxtla Gutiérrez Chiapas29039México
| | - Ricardo López‐Wilchis
- Departamento de Biología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐Iztapalapa Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina Ciudad de México09340México
| | - Eduardo E. Espinoza‐Medinilla
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas Libramiento Norte Poniente 1150, Colonia Lajas Maciel Tuxtla Gutiérrez Chiapas29039México
| | - Tamara M. Rioja‐Paradela
- Posgrado en Ciencias en Desarrollo Sustentable y Gestión de Riesgos Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas Libramiento Norte Poniente 1150, Colonia Lajas Maciel Tuxtla Gutiérrez Chiapas29039México
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7
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Khan ZA, Yumnamcha T, Mondal G, Devi SD, Rajiv C, Labala RK, Sanjita Devi H, Chattoraj A. Artificial Light at Night (ALAN): A Potential Anthropogenic Component for the COVID-19 and HCoVs Outbreak. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:622. [PMID: 33013700 PMCID: PMC7511708 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is zoonotic. The circadian day-night is the rhythmic clue to organisms for their synchronized body functions. The "development for mankind" escalated the use of artificial light at night (ALAN). In this article, we tried to focus on the possible influence of this anthropogenic factor in human coronavirus (HCoV) outbreak. The relationship between the occurrences of coronavirus and the ascending curve of the night-light has also been delivered. The ALAN influences the physiology and behavior of bat, a known nocturnal natural reservoir of many Coronaviridae. The "threatened" and "endangered" status of the majority of bat species is mainly because of the destruction of their proper habit and habitat predominantly through artificial illumination. The stress exerted by ALAN leads to the impaired body functions, especially endocrine, immune, genomic integration, and overall rhythm features of different physiological variables and behaviors in nocturnal animals. Night-light disturbs "virus-host" synchronization and may lead to mutation in the genomic part of the virus and excessive virus shedding. We also proposed some future strategies to mitigate the repercussions of ALAN and for the protection of the living system in the earth as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Ahmad Khan
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, India
| | - Thangal Yumnamcha
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, India
| | - Gopinath Mondal
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, India
| | - Sijagurumayum Dharmajyoti Devi
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, India
| | - Chongtham Rajiv
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar Labala
- Distributed Information Sub-centre, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, India
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, India
| | - Haobijam Sanjita Devi
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, India
| | - Asamanja Chattoraj
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, India
- *Correspondence: Asamanja Chattoraj ;
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8
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Salinas‐Ramos VB, Ancillotto L, Bosso L, Sánchez‐Cordero V, Russo D. Interspecific competition in bats: state of knowledge and research challenges. Mamm Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria B. Salinas‐Ramos
- Wildlife Research Unit Dipartimento di Agraria Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II via Università 100 80055 Portici Napoli Italy
| | - Leonardo Ancillotto
- Wildlife Research Unit Dipartimento di Agraria Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II via Università 100 80055 Portici Napoli Italy
| | - Luciano Bosso
- Wildlife Research Unit Dipartimento di Agraria Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II via Università 100 80055 Portici Napoli Italy
| | - Víctor Sánchez‐Cordero
- Laboratorio de Sistemas de Información Geográfica Departamento de Zoología Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Danilo Russo
- Wildlife Research Unit Dipartimento di Agraria Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II via Università 100 80055 Portici Napoli Italy
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9
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Hernández-Jerez A, Adriaanse P, Aldrich A, Berny P, Coja T, Duquesne S, Gimsing AL, Marina M, Millet M, Pelkonen O, Pieper S, Tiktak A, Tzoulaki I, Widenfalk A, Wolterink G, Russo D, Streissl F, Topping C. Scientific statement on the coverage of bats by the current pesticide risk assessment for birds and mammals. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05758. [PMID: 32626374 PMCID: PMC7009170 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are an important group of mammals, frequently foraging in farmland and potentially exposed to pesticides. This statement considers whether the current risk assessment performed for birds and ground dwelling mammals exposed to pesticides is also protective of bats. Three main issues were addressed. Firstly, whether bats are toxicologically more or less sensitive than the most sensitive birds and mammals. Secondly, whether oral exposure of bats to pesticides is greater or lower than in ground dwelling mammals and birds. Thirdly, whether there are other important exposure routes relevant to bats. A large variation in toxicological sensitivity and no relationship between sensitivity of bats and bird or mammal test-species to pesticides could be found. In addition, bats have unique traits, such as echolocation and torpor which can be adversely affected by exposure to pesticides and which are not covered by the endpoints currently selected for wild mammal risk assessment. The current exposure assessment methodology was used for oral exposure and adapted to bats using bat-specific parameters. For oral exposure, it was concluded that for most standard risk assessment scenarios the current approach did not cover exposure of bats to pesticide residues in food. Calculations of potential dermal exposure for bats foraging during spraying operations suggest that this may be a very important exposure route. Dermal routes of exposure should be combined with inhalation and oral exposure. Based on the evidence compiled, the Panel concludes that bats are not adequately covered by the current risk assessment approach, and that there is a need to develop a bat-specific risk assessment scheme. In general, there was scarcity of data to assess the risks for bat exposed to pesticides. Recommendations for research are made, including identification of alternatives to laboratory testing of bats to assess toxicological effects.
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10
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Presence of humans and domestic cats affects bat behaviour in an urban nursery of greater horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). Behav Processes 2019; 164:4-9. [PMID: 30951813 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proximity to humans is a primary stressor for wildlife, especially in urban habitats where frequent disturbance may occur. Several bat species often roost in buildings but while the effects of disturbance inside the roost are well documented, little is known about those occurring in the proximity of roosts. We tested the effects of anthropogenic stressors on bats by monitoring reactions to disturbance in a colony of greater horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). We assessed disturbance by recording and quantifying the presence of people, domestic cats and noise sources near the roost. Disturbance outside the roost caused the disruption of roosting clusters; when cats entered the roost, bats decreased indoor flight activity. Emergence timing was delayed when people were close to the roost exit, and the delay increased along with the number of people. The occurrence of a cat increased the degree of group clustering during emergence. Cats entered the roost especially when young bats were present, and bat remains occurred in 30% of the cat scats we examined. We show that the occurence of human activities near roosts and free-ranging domestic cats are important albeit overlooked sources of disturbance.
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11
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Chaverri G, Ancillotto L, Russo D. Social communication in bats. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1938-1954. [PMID: 29766650 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bats represent one of the most diverse mammalian orders, not only in terms of species numbers, but also in their ecology and life histories. Many species are known to use ephemeral and/or unpredictable resources that require substantial investment to find and defend, and also engage in social interactions, thus requiring significant levels of social coordination. To accomplish these tasks, bats must be able to communicate; there is now substantial evidence that demonstrates the complexity of bat communication and the varied ways in which bats solve some of the problems associated with their unique life histories. However, while the study of communication in bats is rapidly growing, it still lags behind other taxa. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of communication in bats, from the reasons why they communicate to the diversity and application of different signal modalities. The most widespread form of communication is the transmission of a signaller's characteristics, such as species identity, sex, individual identity, group membership, social status and body condition, and because many species of bats can rely little on vision due to their nocturnal lifestyles, it is assumed that sound and olfaction are particularly important signalling modes. For example, research suggests that secretions from specialized glands, often in combination with urine and saliva, are responsible for species recognition in several species. These olfactory signals may also convey information about sex and colony membership. Olfaction may be used in combination with sound, particularly in species that emit constant frequency (CF) echolocation calls, to recognize conspecifics from heterospecifics, yet their simple structure and high frequency do not allow much information of individual identity to be conveyed over long distances. By contrast, social calls may encode a larger number of cues of individual identity, and their lower frequencies increase their range of detection. Social calls are also known to deter predators, repel competitors from foraging patches, attract group mates to roost sites, coordinate foraging activities, and are used during courtship. In addition to sound, visual displays such as wing flapping or hovering may be used during courtship, and swarming around roost sites may serve as a visual cue of roost location. However, visual communication in bats still remains a poorly studied signal modality. Finally, the most common form of tactile communication known in bats is social grooming, which may be used to signal reproductive condition, but also to facilitate and strengthen cooperative interactions. Overall, this review demonstrates the rapid advances made in the study of bat social communication during recent years, and also identifies topics that require further study, particularly those that may allow us to understand adaptation to rapidly changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloriana Chaverri
- Recinto de Golfito, Universidad de Costa Rica, Golfito, 60701, Costa Rica
| | - Leonardo Ancillotto
- Wildlife Research Unit, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, Portici NA 80055, Italy
| | - Danilo Russo
- Wildlife Research Unit, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, Portici NA 80055, Italy.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, U.K
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12
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Lovén Wallerius M, Näslund J, Koeck B, Johnsson JI. Interspecific association of brown trout (Salmo trutta
) with non-native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis
) at the fry stage. Ethology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Lovén Wallerius
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Joacim Näslund
- Department of Ecosystem Biology; University of Southern Bohemia in České Budějovice; České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Koeck
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - Jörgen I. Johnsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
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13
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Russo D, Cistrone L, Budinski I, Console G, Della Corte M, Milighetti C, Di Salvo I, Nardone V, Brigham RM, Ancillotto L. Sociality influences thermoregulation and roost switching in a forest bat using ephemeral roosts. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5310-5321. [PMID: 28770069 PMCID: PMC5528228 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In summer, many temperate bat species use daytime torpor, but breeding females do so less to avoid interferences with reproduction. In forest-roosting bats, deep tree cavities buffer roost microclimate from abrupt temperature oscillations and facilitate thermoregulation. Forest bats also switch roosts frequently, so thermally suitable cavities may be limiting. We tested how barbastelle bats (Barbastella barbastellus), often roosting beneath flaking bark in snags, may thermoregulate successfully despite the unstable microclimate of their preferred cavities. We assessed thermoregulation patterns of bats roosting in trees in a beech forest of central Italy. Although all bats used torpor, females were more often normothermic. Cavities were poorly insulated, but social thermoregulation probably overcomes this problem. A model incorporating the presence of roost mates and group size explained thermoregulation patterns better than others based, respectively, on the location and structural characteristics of tree roosts and cavities, weather, or sex, reproductive or body condition. Homeothermy was recorded for all subjects, including nonreproductive females: This probably ensures availability of a warm roosting environment for nonvolant juveniles. Homeothermy may also represent a lifesaver for bats roosting beneath loose bark, very exposed to predators, because homeothermic bats may react quickly in case of emergency. We also found that barbastelle bats maintain group cohesion when switching roosts: This may accelerate roost occupation at the end of a night, quickly securing a stable microclimate in the newly occupied cavity. Overall, both thermoregulation and roost-switching patterns were satisfactorily explained as adaptations to a structurally and thermally labile roosting environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Russo
- Wildlife Research UnitDipartimento di AgrariaUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIPorticiItaly
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Ivana Budinski
- Department of Genetic ResearchInstitute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Giulia Console
- Dipartimento di BiologiaUniversità degli Studi di FirenzeFirenzeItaly
| | - Martina Della Corte
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e FunzionaleUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IINapoliItaly
| | - Claudia Milighetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin”Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”RomaItaly
| | - Ivy Di Salvo
- Wildlife Research UnitDipartimento di AgrariaUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIPorticiItaly
| | - Valentina Nardone
- Wildlife Research UnitDipartimento di AgrariaUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIPorticiItaly
| | | | - Leonardo Ancillotto
- Wildlife Research UnitDipartimento di AgrariaUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIPorticiItaly
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14
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Ancillotto L, Santini L, Ranc N, Maiorano L, Russo D. Extraordinary range expansion in a common bat: the potential roles of climate change and urbanisation. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2016; 103:15. [PMID: 26842786 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-016-1334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Urbanisation and climate change are two global change processes that affect animal distributions, posing critical threats to biodiversity. Due to its versatile ecology and synurbic habits, Kuhl's pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii) offers a unique opportunity to explore the relative effects of climate change and urbanisation on species distributions. In a climate change scenario, this typically Mediterranean species is expected to expand its range in response to increasing temperatures. We collected 25,132 high-resolution occurrence records from P. kuhlii European range between 1980 and 2013 and modelled the species' distribution with a multi-temporal approach, using three bioclimatic variables and one proxy of urbanisation. Temperature in the coldest quarter of the year was the most important factor predicting the presence of P. kuhlii and showed an increasing trend in the study period; mean annual precipitation and precipitation seasonality were also relevant, but to a lower extent. Although urbanisation increased in recently colonised areas, it had little effect on the species' presence predictability. P. kuhlii expanded its geographical range by about 394 % in the last four decades, a process that can be interpreted as a response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ancillotto
- Wildlife Research Unit, Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata, Sezione di Biologia e Protezione dei Sistemi Agrari e Forestali, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, I-80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - L Santini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - N Ranc
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Centro Ricerca ed Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - L Maiorano
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - D Russo
- Wildlife Research Unit, Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata, Sezione di Biologia e Protezione dei Sistemi Agrari e Forestali, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, I-80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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