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Eliason CM, Nicolaï MPJ, Bom C, Blom E, D'Alba L, Shawkey MD. Transitions between colour mechanisms affect speciation dynamics and range distributions of birds. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:1723-1734. [PMID: 39060476 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Several ecogeographical 'rules' have been proposed to explain colour variation at broad spatial and phylogenetic scales but these rarely consider whether colours are based on pigments or structural colours. However, mechanism can have profound effects on the function and evolution of colours. Here, we combine geographic information, climate data and colour mechanism at broad phylogenetic (9,409 species) and spatial scales (global) to determine how transitions between pigmentary and structural colours influence speciation dynamics and range distributions in birds. Among structurally coloured species, we find that rapid dispersal into tropical regions drove the accumulation of iridescent species, whereas the build-up of non-iridescent species in the tropics was driven by a combination of dispersal and faster in situ evolution in the tropics. These results could be explained by pleiotropic links between colouration and dispersal behaviour or ecological factors influencing colonization success. These data elucidate geographic patterns of colouration at a global scale and provide testable hypotheses for future work on birds and other animals with structural colours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Eliason
- Grainger Bioinformatics Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Michaël P J Nicolaï
- Biology Department, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Recent Vertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cynthia Bom
- Faculty of Science, Ecology & Evolution, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eline Blom
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Liliana D'Alba
- Biology Department, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew D Shawkey
- Biology Department, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Kahnt B, Theodorou P, Grimm-Seyfarth A, Onstein RE. When lizards try out a more plant-based lifestyle: The macroevolution of mutualistic lizard-plant-interactions (Squamata: Sauria/Lacertilia). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023:107839. [PMID: 37290582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pollination and seed dispersal of plants by animals are key mutualistic processes for the conservation of plant diversity and ecosystem functioning. Although different animals frequently act as pollinators or seed dispersers, some species can provide both functions, so-called 'double mutualists', suggesting that the evolution of pollination and seed dispersal may be linked. Here, we assess the macroevolution of mutualistic behaviours in lizards (Lacertilia) by applying comparative methods to a phylogeny comprising 2,838 species. We found that both flower visitation (potential pollination) (recorded in 64 species [2.3% of total] across 9 families) and seed dispersal (recorded in 382 species [13,5% of total] across 26 families) have evolved repeatedly in Lacertilia. Furthermore, we found that seed dispersal activity pre-dated flower visitation and that the evolution of seed dispersal activity and flower visitation was correlated, illustrating a potential evolutionary mechanism behind the emergence of double mutualisms. Finally, we provide evidence that lineages with flower visitation or seed dispersal activity have higher diversification rates than lineages lacking these behaviours. Our study illustrates the repeated innovation of (double) mutualisms across Lacertilia and we argue that island settings may provide the ecological conditions under which (double) mutualisms persist over macroevolutionary timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Kahnt
- General Zoology, Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Panagiotis Theodorou
- General Zoology, Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annegret Grimm-Seyfarth
- Department of Conservation Biology and Social-Ecological Systems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Renske E Onstein
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg, 2 2333CR Leiden, the Netherlands
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3
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Mercado-Díaz JA, Lücking R, Moncada B, C St E Campbell K, Delnatte C, Familia L, Falcón-Hidalgo B, Motito-Marín A, Rivera-Queralta Y, Widhelm TJ, Thorsten Lumbsch H. Species assemblages of insular Caribbean Sticta (lichenized Ascomycota: Peltigerales) over ecological and evolutionary time scales. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023:107830. [PMID: 37247703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenetic approaches to macroevolution have provided unique insight into evolutionary relationships, ancestral ranges, and diversification patterns for many taxa. Similar frameworks have also been developed to assess how environmental and/or spatial variables shape species diversity and distribution patterns at different spatial/temporal scales, but studies implementing these are still scarce for many groups, including lichens. Here, we combine phylogeny-based ancestral range reconstruction and diversification analysis with community phylogenetics to reconstruct evolutionary origins and assess patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic relatedness between island communities of the lichenized fungal genus Sticta in the Caribbean. Sampling was carried out in the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico) and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, and Martinique). Data for six molecular loci were obtained for 64 candidate Caribbean species and used to perform both macroevolutionary phylogenetics, which also included worldwide taxa, and phylobetadiversity analyses, which emphasized island-level communities. Our work uncovered high levels of island endemism (∼59%) in Caribbean Sticta. We estimate initial colonization of the region occurred about 19 Mya from a South American ancestor. Reverse migration events by Caribbean lineages to South America were also inferred. We found no evidence for increased diversification rates associated with range expansion into the Caribbean. Taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover between island-level communities was most strongly correlated with environmental variation rather than with geographic distance. We observed less dissimilarity among communities from the Dominican Republic and Jamaica than between these islands and the Lesser Antilles/Puerto Rico. High levels of hidden diversity and endemism in Caribbean Sticta reaffirm that islands are crucial for the maintenance of global biodiversity of lichenized fungi. Altogether, our findings suggest that strong evolutionary links exist between Caribbean and South American biotas but at regional scales, species assemblages exhibit complex taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships that are determined by local environments and shared evolutionary histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Mercado-Díaz
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago 1025 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, U.S.A; Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A.
| | - Robert Lücking
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bibiana Moncada
- Licenciatura en Biología, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Cra. 4 No. 26B-54, Torre de Laboratorios, Herbario, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Keron C St E Campbell
- Natural History Museum of Jamaica, Institute of Jamaica, 10-16 East Street, Kingston, Jamaica.
| | - Cesar Delnatte
- Biotope Amazonie, 3 rue Mezin Gildon, F-97354 Rémire-Montjoly, Guyane française.
| | - Lemuel Familia
- Departamento de Vida Silvestre, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Avenida Cayetano Germosén esq. Avenida Gregorio Luperón, Ensanche El Pedregal, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana.
| | - Banessa Falcón-Hidalgo
- Jardín Botánico Nacional, Universidad de La Habana, Carretera "El Rocío" km 3.5, Calabazar, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Angel Motito-Marín
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BioEco), Código Postal 90100, José A. Saco 601, Esquina Barnada, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
| | - Yoira Rivera-Queralta
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BioEco), Código Postal 90100, José A. Saco 601, Esquina Barnada, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
| | - Todd J Widhelm
- Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A.
| | - H Thorsten Lumbsch
- Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A.
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Quintero I, Landis MJ, Jetz W, Morlon H. The build-up of the present-day tropical diversity of tetrapods. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220672120. [PMID: 37159475 PMCID: PMC10194011 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220672120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraordinary number of species in the tropics when compared to the extra-tropics is probably the most prominent and consistent pattern in biogeography, suggesting that overarching processes regulate this diversity gradient. A major challenge to characterizing which processes are at play relies on quantifying how the frequency and determinants of tropical and extra-tropical speciation, extinction, and dispersal events shaped evolutionary radiations. We address this question by developing and applying spatiotemporal phylogenetic and paleontological models of diversification for tetrapod species incorporating paleoenvironmental variation. Our phylogenetic model results show that area, energy, or species richness did not uniformly affect speciation rates across tetrapods and dispute expectations of a latitudinal gradient in speciation rates. Instead, both neontological and fossil evidence coincide in underscoring the role of extra-tropical extinctions and the outflow of tropical species in shaping biodiversity. These diversification dynamics accurately predict present-day levels of species richness across latitudes and uncover temporal idiosyncrasies but spatial generality across the major tetrapod radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Quintero
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Science & Lettres, Paris75005, France
| | - Michael J. Landis
- Landis Lab, Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130
| | - Walter Jetz
- Jetz Lab, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Hélène Morlon
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Science & Lettres, Paris75005, France
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Velasco JA, Pinto-Ledezma JN. Mapping species diversification metrics in macroecology: Prospects and challenges. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.951271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intersection of macroecology and macroevolution is one of today’s most active research in biology. In the last decade, we have witnessed a steady increment of macroecological studies that use metrics attempting to capture macroevolutionary processes to explain present-day biodiversity patterns. Evolutionary explanations of current species richness gradients are fundamental for understanding how diversity accumulates in a region. Although multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the patterns we observe in nature, it is well-known that the present-day diversity patterns result from speciation, extinction, colonization from nearby areas, or a combination of these macroevolutionary processes. Whether these metrics capture macroevolutionary processes across space is unknown. Some tip-rate metrics calculated directly from a phylogenetic tree (e.g., mean root distance -MRD-; mean diversification rate -mDR-) seem to return very similar geographical patterns regardless of how they are estimated (e.g., using branch lengths explicitly or not). Model-based tip-rate metrics —those estimated using macroevolutionary mixtures, e.g., the BAMM approach— seem to provide better net diversification estimates than only speciation rates. We argue that the lack of appropriate estimates of extinction and dispersal rates in phylogenetic trees may strongly limit our inferences about how species richness gradients have emerged at spatial and temporal scales. Here, we present a literature review about this topic and empirical comparisons between select taxa with several of these metrics. We implemented a simple null model approach to evaluate whether mapping of these metrics deviates from a random sampling process. We show that phylogenetic metrics by themselves are relatively poor at capturing speciation, extinction, and dispersal processes across geographical gradients. Furthermore, we provide evidence of how parametric biogeographic methods can improve our inference of past events and, therefore, our conclusions about the evolutionary processes driving biodiversity patterns. We recommend that further studies include several approaches simultaneously (e.g., spatial diversification modeling, parametric biogeographic methods, simulations) to disentangle the relative role of speciation, extinction, and dispersal in the generation and maintenance of species richness gradients at regional and global scales.
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McCullough JM, Oliveros C, Benz BW, Zenil-Ferguson R, Cracraft J, Moyle RG, Andersen MJ. Wallacean and Melanesian Islands Promote Higher Rates of Diversification within the Global Passerine radiation Corvides. Syst Biol 2022; 71:1423-1439. [PMID: 35703981 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex island archipelagoes of Wallacea and Melanesia have provided empirical data behind integral theories in evolutionary biology, including allopatric speciation and island biogeography. Yet, questions regarding the relative impact of the layered biogeographic barriers, such as deep-water trenches and isolated island systems, on faunal diversification remain underexplored. One such barrier is Wallace's Line, a significant biogeographic boundary that largely separates Australian and Asian biodiversity. To assess the relative roles of biogeographic barriers-specifically isolated island systems and Wallace's Line-we investigated the tempo and mode of diversification in a diverse avian radiation, Corvides (Crows and Jays, Birds-of-paradise, Vangas, and allies). We combined a genus-level dataset of thousands of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and a species-level, 12-gene Sanger sequence matrix to produce a well-resolved supermatrix tree that we leveraged to explore the group's historical biogeography and effects of biogeographic barriers on their macroevolutionary dynamics. The tree is well-resolved and differs substantially from what has been used extensively for past comparative analyses within this group. We confirmed that Corvides, and its major constituent clades, arose in Australia and that a burst of dispersals west across Wallace's Line occurred after the uplift of Wallacea during the mid-Miocene. We found that dispersal across this biogeographic barrier were generally rare, though westward dispersals were two times more frequent than eastward dispersals. Wallacea's central position between Sundaland and Sahul no doubt acted as a bridge for island-hopping dispersal out of Australia, across Wallace's Line, to colonize the rest of Earth. In addition, we found that the complex island archipelagoes east of Wallace's Line harbor the highest rates of net diversification and are a substantial source of colonists to continental systems on both sides of this biogeographic barrier. Our results support emerging evidence that island systems, particularly the geologically complex archipelagoes of the Indo-pacific, are drivers of species diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M McCullough
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Carl Oliveros
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Brett W Benz
- Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Joel Cracraft
- Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert G Moyle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Michael J Andersen
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Morales-Barbero J, Gouveia SF, Martinez PA. Historical climatic instability predicts the inverse latitudinal pattern in speciation rate of modern mammalian biota. J Evol Biol 2020; 34:339-351. [PMID: 33169463 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary rate explanations for latitudinal diversity gradients predict faster speciation and diversification rates in richer, older and more stable tropical regions (climatic stability hypothesis). Numerous modern lineages have emerged in high latitudes, however, suggesting that climatic oscillations can drive population divergence, at least among extratropical species (glacial refugia hypothesis). This conflicting evidence suggests that geographical patterns of evolutionary rates are more complicated than previously thought. Here, we reconstructed the complex evolutionary dynamics of a comprehensive data set of modern mammals, both terrestrial and marine. We performed global and regional regression analyses to investigate how climatic instability could have indirectly influenced contemporary diversity gradients through its effects on evolutionary rates. In particular, we explored global and regional patterns of the relationships between species richness and assemblage-level evolutionary rates and between evolutionary rates and climatic instability. We found an inverse relationship between evolutionary rates and species richness, especially in the terrestrial domain. Additionally, climatic instability was strongly associated with the highest evolutionary rates at high terrestrial latitudes, supporting the glacial refugia hypothesis there. At low latitudes, evolutionary rates were unrelated to climatic stability. The inverse relationship between evolutionary rates and the modern latitudinal diversity gradient casts doubt on the idea that higher evolutionary rates in the tropics underlie the current diversity patterns of modern mammals. Alternatively, the longer time spans for diversity to accumulate in the older and more stable tropics (and not high diversification rates) may explain the latitudinal diversity gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Morales-Barbero
- PIBiLab (Laboratorio de Pesquisas Integrativas em Biodiversidade), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Sidney F Gouveia
- PIBiLab (Laboratorio de Pesquisas Integrativas em Biodiversidade), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.,Department of Ecology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Pablo A Martinez
- PIBiLab (Laboratorio de Pesquisas Integrativas em Biodiversidade), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.,Department of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
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Caetano DS, O'Meara BC, Beaulieu JM. Hidden state models improve state-dependent diversification approaches, including biogeographical models. Evolution 2018; 72:2308-2324. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Caetano
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville Arkansas 72701
| | - Brian C. O'Meara
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee 37996-1610
| | - Jeremy M. Beaulieu
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville Arkansas 72701
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Velasco JA, Villalobos F, Diniz-Filho JAF, Algar AC, Flores-Villela O, KÖhler G, Poe S, Martinez-Meyer E. Climatic and evolutionary factors shaping geographical gradients of species richness in Anolis lizards. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian A Velasco
- Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Fabricio Villalobos
- Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
- Departamento de Ecologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brasil
| | | | - Adam C Algar
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Sir Clive Granger Building, Nottingham, UK
| | - Oscar Flores-Villela
- Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Gunther KÖhler
- Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Steven Poe
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Enrique Martinez-Meyer
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, DF and Centro del Cambio Global y la Sustentabilidad, AC, Villahermosa, Mexico
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Pereira EB, Pinto-Ledezma JN, de Freitas CG, Villalobos F, Collevatti RG, Maciel NM. Evolution of the anuran foam nest: trait conservatism and lineage diversification. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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