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Liu XY, Zhang M, Gu XL, Deng YL, Liu C, Miao Y, Wu Y, Li CR, Zeng JY, Li YJ, Liu AX, Zhu JQ, Li YF, Liu CJ, Zeng Q. Urinary biomarkers of drinking-water disinfection byproducts in relation to diminished ovarian reserve risk: A case-control study from the TREE cohort. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168729. [PMID: 38007137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) as ovarian toxicants have been documented in toxicological studies. However, no human studies have explored the effects of exposure to DBPs on diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). OBJECTIVE To assess whether urinary biomarkers of exposure to drinking-water DBPs were associated with DOR risk. METHODS A total of 311 women undergoing assisted reproductive technology were diagnosed with DOR in the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) cohort from December 2018 to August 2021. The cases were matched to the controls with normal ovarian reserve function by age in a ratio of 1:1. Urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) and dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) were quantified as biomarkers of drinking-water DBP exposures. The conditional logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to explore urinary biomarkers of drinking-water DBP exposures in associations with the risk of DOR. RESULTS Elevated urinary DCAA levels were associated with higher DOR risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.87; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 3.03 for the highest vs. lowest quartiles; P for trend = 0.016]. The association was confirmed in the RCS model, with a linear dose-response curve (P for overall association = 0.029 and P for non-linear association = 0.708). The subgroup analysis by age and body mass index (BMI) showed that urinary DCAA in association with DOR risk was observed among women ≥35 years old and leaner women (BMI < 24 kg/m2), but the group differences were not statistically significant. Moreover, a U-shaped dose-response curve between urinary TCAA and DOR risk was estimated in the RCS model (P for overall association = 0.011 and P for non-linear association = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to drinking-water DBPs may contribute to the risk of DOR among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Gu
- Liuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liuzhou, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Cheng-Ru Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jia-Yue Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang-Juan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - A-Xue Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jin-Qin Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chang-Jiang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Santacruz-Márquez R, Safar AM, Laws MJ, Meling DD, Liu Z, Kumar TR, Nowak RA, Raetzman LT, Flaws JA. The effects of short-term and long-term phthalate exposures on ovarian follicle growth dynamics and hormone levels in female mice†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:198-210. [PMID: 37812459 PMCID: PMC10790346 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and diisononyl phthalate are widely used as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride products. Short-term exposures to phthalates affect hormone levels, ovarian follicle populations, and ovarian gene expression. However, limited data exist regarding the effects of long-term exposure to phthalates on reproductive functions. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that short-term and long-term exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate or diisononyl phthalate disrupts follicle dynamics, ovarian and pituitary gene expression, and hormone levels in female mice. Adult CD-1 female mice were exposed to vehicle, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, or diisononyl phthalate (0.15 ppm, 1.5 ppm, or 1500 ppm) via the chow for 1 or 6 months. Short-term exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (0.15 ppm) and diisononyl phthalate (1.5 ppm) decreased serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels compared to control. Long-term exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and diisononyl phthalate (1500 ppm) increased the percentage of primordial follicles and decreased the percentages of preantral and antral follicles compared to control. Both phthalates increased follicle-stimulating hormone levels (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate at 1500 ppm; diisononyl phthalate at 1.5 ppm) and decreased luteinizing hormone levels (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate at 0.15 and 1.5 ppm; diisononyl phthalate at 1.5 ppm and 1500 ppm) compared to control. Furthermore, both phthalates altered the expression of pituitary gonadotropin subunit genes (Cga, Fshb, and Lhb) and a transcription factor (Nr5a1) that regulates gonadotropin synthesis. These data indicate that long-term exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and diisononyl phthalate alters follicle growth dynamics in the ovary and the expression of gonadotropin subunit genes in the pituitary and consequently luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsés Santacruz-Márquez
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Adira M Safar
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Mary J Laws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Daryl D Meling
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - T Rajendra Kumar
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Romana A Nowak
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Lori T Raetzman
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Safar AM, Santacruz-Márquez R, Laws MJ, Meling DD, Liu Z, Kumar TR, Nowak RA, Raetzman LT, Flaws JA. Dietary exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture alters follicle dynamics, hormone levels, ovarian gene expression, and pituitary gene expression in female mice. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 122:108489. [PMID: 37839492 PMCID: PMC10873030 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are chemicals ubiquitously used in industry. Individual phthalates have been found to adversely affect female reproduction; however, humans are exposed to a mixture of phthalates daily, primarily through ingestion. Previous studies show that exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of phthalates (Mix) can affect female reproduction. Little research, however, has been conducted on the effects of short-term (1 month) and long-term (6 months) exposure to Mix on ovarian functions. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that short-term and long-term exposure to Mix alters ovarian folliculogenesis, serum hormone concentrations, pituitary gene expression, and ovarian expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and oxidative stress. Adult CD-1 female mice were exposed to vehicle control (corn oil) or Mix (0.15-1500 ppm) in the chow for 1 or 6 months. Exposure to Mix for 1 month increased the number of atretic follicles (0.15 ppm), altered ovarian gene expression (0.15 ppm, 1500 ppm), and decreased serum testosterone (1.5 ppm) compared to control. Exposure to Mix for 6 months increased serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (0.15 ppm), decreased serum luteinizing hormone (LH) (0.15 ppm, 1.5 ppm, and 1500 ppm), decreased serum estradiol (1500 ppm), altered pituitary gene expression (1500 ppm), increased the number (1500 ppm) and percentage (1.5 ppm and 1500 ppm) of primordial follicles, and decreased the percentage of preantral (1500 ppm) and antral (1.5 ppm and 1500 ppm) follicles compared to control. These data indicate that exposure to Mix can alter folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, and gene expression in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adira M Safar
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Mary J Laws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Daryl D Meling
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - T Rajendra Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Romana A Nowak
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lori T Raetzman
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Fang C, Yang W, Lu N, Xiao R, Du Z, Wang Q, Chu W. Alkaline chlorination of drinking water: A trade-off between genotoxicity control and trihalomethane formation. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 246:120692. [PMID: 37890262 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The pH of chlorination is an important factor affecting the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In this study, we discovered that the genotoxicity induced by chlorination can be effectively reduced under alkaline conditions. As the pH of chlorination increased from 6.5 to 8.5, the genotoxicity of investigated waters reduced by ∼30-90 %. By assessing the genotoxicity of the mixture of measured DBPs, it was found that the contribution of measured DBPs to the overall genotoxicity was lower than 5 %, and the significant reduction of genotoxicity was largely associated with unknown DBPs. The result of Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that humified organics and soluble microbial byproducts were likely responsible for the genotoxicity, and their derived genotoxic compounds (i.e., unknown DBPs) tended to decompose during alkaline chlorination. However, the control of genotoxicity by alkaline chlorination was achieved at the expense of promoting trihalomethane (THM) formation. The highest genotoxicity reduction (93 %) was observed for chlorinated granular activated carbon-treated waters, but the formation of THMs was promoted to a level approaching that in untreated waters. The inconsistent trend of overall genotoxicity and THM concentration during alkaline chlorination suggested the inadequacy of THMs as metric for DBP exposure, and considerations should also be given to the toxicity of bulk water in addition to regulated DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Nannan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Centre, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Deng YL, Liu C, Yuan XQ, Luo Q, Miao Y, Chen PP, Cui FP, Zhang M, Zeng JY, Shi T, Lu TT, Li YF, Lu WQ, Zeng Q. Associations between Urinary Concentrations of Disinfection Byproducts and in Vitro Fertilization Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study in China. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:97003. [PMID: 37671782 PMCID: PMC10481678 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies show that disinfection byproducts (DBPs) can inhibit oocyte maturation, decrease fertilization capacity, and impair embryo development, but human evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the associations between exposure to drinking water DBPs and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. METHODS The study included 1,048 women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment between December 2018 and January 2020 from a prospective cohort study, the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental study in Wuhan, China. Exposure to DBPs was assessed by dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) in up to four urine samples, which were collected on the day of both enrollment and oocyte retrieval. Multivariable generalized linear mixed models, accounting for multiple IVF cycles per woman, were applied to evaluate the associations between urinary biomarkers of DBP exposures and IVF outcomes. Stratified analyses were used to explore the potential effect modifiers. RESULTS The included 1,048 women underwent 1,136 IVF cycles, with 960 (91.6%), 84 (8.0%), and 4 (0.4%) women contributing one cycle, two cycles, and three cycles, respectively. We found that elevated quartiles of urinary DCAA and TCAA concentrations were associated with reduced numbers of total oocytes and metaphase II oocytes and that urinary DCAA concentrations with a lower proportion of best-quality embryos (all p for trends < 0.05 ). Moreover, elevated quartiles of urinary DCAA concentrations were associated with decreased proportions of successful implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth (14%, 15%, and 15% decreases in adjusted means comparing the extreme quartiles, respectively; all p for trends < 0.05 ). Stratification analyses showed that the inverse associations of urinary TCAA concentrations with multiple IVF outcomes were stronger among women ≥ 30 y of age (p for interactions < 0.05 ). DISCUSSION Exposure to drinking water DBPs was inversely associated with some IVF outcomes among women undergoing ART treatment. Further study is necessary to confirm our findings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12447.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Yuan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei-Peng Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia-Yue Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tian Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting-Ting Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Qing Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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6
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Pérez-Albaladejo E, Pinteño R, Aznar-Luque MDC, Casado M, Postigo C, Porte C. Genotoxicity and endocrine disruption potential of haloacetic acids in human placental and lung cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:162981. [PMID: 36963690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorination of water results in the formation of haloacetic acids (HAAs) as major disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Previous studies have reported some HAAs species to act as cytotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic. This work aimed at further exploring the toxicity potential of the most investigated HAAs (chloroacetic (CAA), bromoacetic (BAA), iodoacetic (IAA) acid) and HAAs species with high content of bromine (tribromoacetic acid (TBAA)), and iodine in their structures (chloroiodoacetic (CIAA) and diiodoacetic acid (DIAA)) to human cells. Novel knowledge was generated regarding cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, endocrine disrupting potential, and genotoxicity of these HAAs by using human placental and lung cells as in vitro models, not previously used for DBP assessment. IAA showed the highest cytotoxicity (EC50: 7.5 μM) and ability to generate ROS (up to 3-fold) in placental cells, followed by BAA (EC50: 20-25 μM and 2.1-fold). TBAA, CAA, DIAA, and CIAA showed no significant cytotoxicity (EC50 > 250 μM). All tested HAAs decreased the expression of the steroidogenic gene hsd17b1 up to 40 % in placental cells, and IAA and BAA (0.01-1 μM) slightly inhibited the aromatase activity. HAAs also induced the formation of micronuclei in A549 lung cells after 48 h of exposure. IAA and BAA showed a non-significant increase in micronuclei formation at low concentrations (1 μM), while BAA, CAA, CIAA and TBAA were genotoxic at exposure concentrations above 10 μM (100 μM in the case of DIAA). These results point to genotoxic and endocrine disruption effects associated with HAA exposure at low concentrations (0.01-1 μM), and the usefulness of the selected bioassays to provide fast and sensitive responses to HAA exposure, particularly in terms of genotoxicity and endocrine disruption effects. Further studies are needed to define thresholds that better protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Pinteño
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA -CSIC-, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Casado
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA -CSIC-, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Postigo
- Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA -CSIC-, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Water Research, University of Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal 4, Granada, 18071, Spain.
| | - Cinta Porte
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA -CSIC-, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Fang C, Luan X, Ao F, Wang X, Ding S, Du Z, Liu S, Jia R, Chu W. Decomposition of Total Organic Halogen Formed during Chlorination: The Iceberg of Halogenated Disinfection Byproducts Was Previously Underestimated. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1433-1442. [PMID: 36626160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Total organic halogen (TOX) is widely used as a surrogate bulk parameter to measure the overall exposure of halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water. In this study, we surprisingly found that the level of TOX in chlorinated waters had been significantly underestimated under common analytical conditions. After the addition of quenching agent sodium thiosulfate, total organic chlorine and total organic bromine exhibited a two-phase decomposition pattern with increasing contact time, and a significant decomposition was observed for different types of quenching agents, quenching doses, and pH conditions. More importantly, the decomposed TOX closely correlated with the acute toxicity of quenched water against luminous bacteria, implying that the DBPs responsible for TOX decomposition could be of important toxicological significance. Based on nontarget analysis by using high-resolution mass spectrometry, molecular formulas for the decomposed TOX were determined. After re-examining the mass balance of TOX in the context of unintentional decomposition, it was found that both the level and percentage of unknown TOX in chlorinated waters were considerably higher than historically thought. Overall, this study brings new insights into the knowledge of TOX formed during chlorination, providing important clues on the identification of toxicity driver in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinmiao Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Feiyang Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shunke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shushen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruibao Jia
- Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Centre, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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8
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Furth PA, Wang W, Kang K, Rooney BL, Keegan G, Muralidaran V, Zou X, Flaws JA. Esr1 but Not CYP19A1 Overexpression in Mammary Epithelial Cells during Reproductive Senescence Induces Pregnancy-Like Proliferative Mammary Disease Responsive to Anti-Hormonals. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:84-102. [PMID: 36464512 PMCID: PMC9768685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Molecular-level analyses of breast carcinogenesis benefit from vivo disease models. Estrogen receptor 1 (Esr1) and cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (CYP19A1) overexpression targeted to mammary epithelial cells in genetically engineered mouse models induces largely similar rates of proliferative mammary disease in prereproductive senescent mice. Herein, with natural reproductive senescence, Esr1 overexpression compared with CYP19A1 overexpression resulted in significantly higher rates of preneoplasia and cancer. Before reproductive senescence, Esr1, but not CYP19A1, overexpressing mice are tamoxifen resistant. However, during reproductive senescence, Esr1 mice exhibited responsiveness. Both Esr1 and CYP19A1 are responsive to letrozole before and after reproductive senescence. Gene Set Enrichment Analyses of RNA-sequencing data sets showed that higher disease rates in Esr1 mice were accompanied by significantly higher expression of cell proliferation genes, including members of prognostic platforms for women with early-stage hormone receptor-positive disease. Tamoxifen and letrozole exposure induced down-regulation of these genes and resolved differences between the two models. Both Esr1 and CYP19A1 overexpression induced abnormal developmental patterns of pregnancy-like gene expression. This resolved with progression through reproductive senescence in CYP19A1 mice, but was more persistent in Esr1 mice, resolving only with tamoxifen and letrozole exposure. In summary, genetically engineered mouse models of Esr1 and CYP19A1 overexpression revealed a diversion of disease processes resulting from the two distinct molecular pathophysiological mammary gland-targeted intrusions into estrogen signaling during reproductive senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla A Furth
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Weisheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Brendan L Rooney
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Grace Keegan
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Vinona Muralidaran
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Xiaojun Zou
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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9
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Furth PA, Wang W, Kang K, Rooney BL, Keegan G, Muralidaran V, Wong J, Shearer C, Zou X, Flaws JA. Overexpression of Estrogen Receptor α in Mammary Glands of Aging Mice Is Associated with a Proliferative Risk Signature and Generation of Estrogen Receptor α-Positive Mammary Adenocarcinomas. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:103-120. [PMID: 36464513 PMCID: PMC9768686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Age is a risk factor for human estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, with highest prevalence following menopause. While transcriptome risk profiling is available for human breast cancers, it is not yet developed for prognostication for primary or secondary breast cancer development utilizing at-risk breast tissue. Both estrogen receptor α (ER) and aromatase overexpression have been linked to human breast cancer. Herein, conditional genetically engineered mouse models of estrogen receptor 1 (Esr1) and cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (CYP19A1) were used to show that induction of Esr1 overexpression just before or with reproductive senescence and maintained through age 30 months resulted in significantly higher prevalence of estrogen receptor-positive adenocarcinomas than CYP19A1 overexpression. All adenocarcinomas tested showed high percentages of ER+ cells. Mammary cancer development was preceded by a persistent proliferative transcriptome risk signature initiated within 1 week of transgene induction that showed parallels to the Prosigna/Prediction Analysis of Microarray 50 human prognostic signature for early-stage human ER+ breast cancer. CYP19A1 mice also developed ER+ mammary cancers, but histology was more divided between adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous, with one ER- adenocarcinoma. Results demonstrate that, like humans, generation of ER+ adenocarcinoma in mice was facilitated by aging mice past the age of reproductive senescence. Esr1 overexpression was associated with a proliferative estrogen pathway-linked signature that preceded appearance of ER+ mammary adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla A Furth
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Weisheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Brendan L Rooney
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Grace Keegan
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Vinona Muralidaran
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Justin Wong
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Charles Shearer
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Xiaojun Zou
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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10
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Liang Y, Huang X, Fang L, Wang M, Yu C, Guan Q. Effect of iodoacetic acid on the reproductive system of male mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:958204. [PMID: 36091762 PMCID: PMC9461136 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.958204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodoacetic acid (IAA) is one of the most common water disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Humans and animals are widely and continuously exposed to it. Many species of water DBPs are harmful to the reproductive system of organisms. Nevertheless, the potential effects of IAA exposure on testosterone and spermatogenesis in vivo remain ambiguous. Spermatogenous cells are the site of spermatogenesis, Leydig cells are the site of testosterone synthesis, and Sertoli cells build the blood–testis barrier (BTB), providing a stable environment for the aforementioned important physiological functions in testicular tissue. Therefore, we observed the effects of IAA on spermatogenic cells, Leydig cells, and Sertoli cells in the testis. In this study, we found that oral administration of IAA (35 mg/kg body weight per day for 28 days) in male mice increased serum LH levels and reduced sperm motility, affecting average path velocity and straight line velocity of sperm. In addition, IAA promoted the expression of γH2AX, a marker for DNA double-strand breaks. Moreover, IAA downregulated the protein expression of the scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SRB1), and decreased lipid droplet transport into Leydig cells, which reduced the storage of testosterone synthesis raw materials and might cause a drop in testosterone production. Furthermore, IAA did not affect the function of BTB. Thus, our results indicated that IAA exposure affected spermatogenesis and testosterone synthesis by inducing DNA damage and reducing lipid droplet transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xinshuang Huang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Li Fang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chunxiao Yu, ; Qingbo Guan,
| | - Qingbo Guan
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chunxiao Yu, ; Qingbo Guan,
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11
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Gonsioroski A, Laws M, Mourikes VE, Neff A, Drnevich J, Plewa MJ, Flaws JA. Iodoacetic acid exposure alters the transcriptome in mouse ovarian antral follicles. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 117:46-57. [PMID: 35725088 PMCID: PMC9972181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Iodoacetic acid (IAA) is an unregulated water disinfection byproduct that is an ovarian toxicant. However, the mechanisms of action underlying IAA toxicity in ovarian follicles remain unclear. Thus, we determined whether IAA alters gene expression in ovarian follicles in mice. Adult female mice were dosed with water or IAA (10 or 500 mg/L) in the water for 35-40 days. Antral follicles were collected for RNA-sequencing analysis and sera were collected to measure estradiol. RNA-sequencing analysis identified 1063 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the 10 and 500 mg/L IAA groups (false discovery rate FDR < 0.1), respectively, compared to controls. Gene Ontology Enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were involved with RNA processing and regulation of angiogenesis (10 mg/L) and the cell cycle and cell division (500 mg/L). Pathway Enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were involved in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), estrogen, and insulin signaling pathways (10 mg/L). Pathway Enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were involved in the oocyte meiosis, GnRH, and oxytocin signaling pathways (500 mg/L). RNA-sequencing analysis identified 809 DEGs when comparing the 500 and 10 mg/L IAA groups (FDR < 0.1). DEGs were related to ribosome, translation, mRNA processing, oxidative phosphorylation, chromosome, cell cycle, cell division, protein folding, and the oxytocin signaling pathway. Moreover, IAA exposure significantly decreased estradiol levels (500 mg/L) compared to control. This study identified key candidate genes and pathways involved in IAA toxicity and can help to further understand the molecular mechanisms of IAA toxicity in ovarian follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Gonsioroski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Mary Laws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Vasiliki E Mourikes
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Alison Neff
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jenny Drnevich
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Michael J Plewa
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA; Department of Crop Sciences and the Safe Global Water Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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12
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Sha Y, Wu H, Guo Y, Liu X, Mo Y, Yang Q, Wei S, Long K, Lu D, Xia Y, Zheng W, Su Z, Wei X. Effects of iodoacetic acid drinking water disinfection byproduct on the gut microbiota and its metabolism in rats. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 117:91-104. [PMID: 35725093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iodoacetic acid (IAA) is an unregulated disinfection byproduct in drinking water and has been shown to exert cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, tumorigenicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. However, the effects of IAA on gut microbiota and its metabolism are still unknown, especially the association between gut microbiota and the metabolism and toxicity of IAA. In this study, female and male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to IAA at 0 and 16 mg/kg bw/day daily for 8 weeks by oral gavage. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that IAA could alter the diversity, relative abundance and function of gut microbiota in female and male rats. IAA also increased the abundance of genes related to steroid hormone biosynthesis in the gut microbiota of male rats. Moreover, metabolomics profiling revealed that IAA could significantly disturb 6 and 13 metabolites in the feces of female and male rats, respectively. In female rats, the level of androstanediol increased in the IAA treatment group. These results were consistent with our previous findings, where IAA was identified as an androgen disruptor. Additionally, the perturbed gut microbiota and altered metabolites were correlated with each other. The results of this study indicated that IAA could disturb gut microbiota and its metabolism. These changes in gut microbiota and its metabolism were associated with the reproductive and developmental toxicity of IAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Sha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yan Mo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shumao Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Kunling Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Du Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiheng Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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13
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Yang X, Wang C, Yang L, Zheng Q, Liu Q, Wawryk NJP, Li XF. Neurotoxicity and transcriptome changes in embryonic zebrafish induced by halobenzoquinone exposure. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 117:129-140. [PMID: 35725065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Halobenzoquinones (HBQs) are emerging disinfection byproducts (DBPs) with a widespread presence in drinking water that exhibit much higher cytotoxicity than regulated DBPs. However, the developmental neurotoxicity of HBQs has not been studied in vivo. In this work, we studied the neurotoxicity of HBQs on zebrafish embryos, after exposure to varying concentrations (0-8 µmol/L) of three HBQs, 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2,5-DCBQ), 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DCBQ), and 2,5-dibromo-1,4-benzoquinone (2,5-DBBQ) for 4 to 120 hr post fertilization (hpf). HBQ exposure significantly decreased the locomotor activity of larvae, accompanied by significant reduction of neurotransmitters (dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid) and acetylcholinesterase activity. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in neuronal morphogenesis (gfap, α1-tubulin, mbp, and syn-2α) were downregulated by 4.4-, 5.2-, 3.0-, and 4.5-fold in the 5 µmol/L 2,5-DCBQ group and 2.0-, 1.6-, 2.1-, and 2.3-fold in the 5 µmol/L 2,5-DBBQ group, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that HBQ exposure affected the signaling pathways of neural development. This study demonstrates the significant neurotoxicity of HBQs in embryonic zebrafish and provides molecular evidence for understanding the potential mechanisms of HBQ neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada.
| | - Lihua Yang
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Qiongyu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Nicholas J P Wawryk
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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14
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Krasner SW, Jia A, Lee CFT, Shirkhani R, Allen JM, Richardson SD, Plewa MJ. Relationships between regulated DBPs and emerging DBPs of health concern in U.S. drinking water. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 117:161-172. [PMID: 35725068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A survey was conducted at eight U.S. drinking water plants, that spanned a wide range of water qualities and treatment/disinfection practices. Plants that treated heavily-wastewater-impacted source waters had lower trihalomethane to dihaloacetonitrile ratios due to the presence of more organic nitrogen and HAN precursors. As the bromide to total organic carbon ratio increased, there was more bromine incorporation into DBPs. This has been shown in other studies for THMs and selected emerging DBPs (HANs), whereas this study examined bromine incorporation for a wider group of emerging DBPs (haloacetaldehydes, halonitromethanes). Moreover, bromine incorporation into the emerging DBPs was, in general, similar to that of the THMs. Epidemiology studies that show an association between adverse health effects and brominated THMs may be due to the formation of brominated emerging DBPs of heath concern. Plants with higher free chlorine contact times before ammonia addition to form chloramines had less iodinated DBP formation in chloraminated distribution systems, where there was more oxidation of the iodide to iodate (a sink for the iodide) by the chlorine. This has been shown in many bench-scale studies (primarily for iodinated THMs), but seldom in full-scale studies (where this study also showed the impact on total organic iodine. Collectively, the THMs, haloacetic acids, and emerging DBPs accounted for a significant portion of the TOCl, TOBr, and TOI; however, ∼50% of the TOCl and TOBr is still unknown. The correlation of the sum of detected DBPs with the TOCl and TOBr suggests that they can be used as reliable surrogates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart W Krasner
- Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Water Quality Laboratory, CA 91750, USA.
| | - Ai Jia
- Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Water Quality Laboratory, CA 91750, USA
| | - Chih-Fen T Lee
- Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Water Quality Laboratory, CA 91750, USA
| | - Raha Shirkhani
- Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Water Quality Laboratory, CA 91750, USA
| | - Joshua M Allen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | - Susan D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | - Michael J Plewa
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA; Safe Global Water Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
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Liu C, Deng YL, Yuan XQ, Chen PP, Miao Y, Luo Q, Zhang M, Cui FP, Yao W, Zeng JY, Shi T, Lu TT, Li YF, Lu WQ, Zeng Q. Exposure to disinfection by-products and reproductive hormones among women: Results from the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112863. [PMID: 35123968 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disinfection by-products (DBPs) have been shown to impair female reproductive function. However, epidemiological evidence on reproductive hormones is scarce. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between DBP exposures and reproductive hormones among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology. METHODS We included 725 women from the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) Study, an ongoing cohort conducted in Wuhan, China during December 2018 and January 2020. Urine samples collected at recruitment were quantified for dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) as biomarkers of DBP exposures. At day 2-5 of menstruation, serum reproductive hormones including luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), total testosterone (T), progesterone (PRGE), and prolactin (PRL) were determined. Multivariate linear regression models were performed to assess the associations of urinary DCAA and TCAA concentrations with reproductive hormone levels. Dose-response relationships were investigated using natural cubic spline (NCS) and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models. RESULTS After adjusting for relevant confounders, we observed that higher urinary DCAA levels were associated with increased serum PRGE (9.2%; 95% CI: -0.55%, 19.8% for the highest vs. lowest tertile; P for trend = 0.06). Based on NCS models, we observed U-shaped associations of urinary DCAA with serum PRGE and PRL; each ln-unit increment in urinary DCAA concentrations above 3.61 μg/L and 6.30 μg/L was associated with 18.9% (95% CI: 4.8%, 34.7%) and 23.3% (95% CI: -0.92%, 53.5%) increase in serum PRGE and PRL, respectively. The U-shaped associations were further confirmed in RCS models (P for overall association ≤0.01 and P for non-linear associations ≤0.04). We did not observe evidence of associations between urinary TCAA and reproductive hormones. CONCLUSION Urinary DCAA but not TCAA was associated with altered serum PRGE and PRL levels among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Yuan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fei-Peng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jia-Yue Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen-Qing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Gonsioroski A, Plewa MJ, Flaws JA. Effects of prenatal and lactational exposure to iodoacetic acid on the F1 generation of mice†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:650-663. [PMID: 35470848 PMCID: PMC9382386 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Water disinfection can generate water disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Iodoacetic acid (IAA) is one DBP, and it has been shown to be an ovarian toxicant in vitro and in vivo. However, it is unknown if prenatal and lactational exposure to IAA affects reproductive outcomes in female offspring. This study tested the hypothesis that prenatal and lactational exposure to IAA adversely affects reproductive parameters in F1 female offspring. Adult female CD-1 mice were dosed with water (control) or IAA (10, 100, and 500 mg/L) in the drinking water for 35 days and then mated with unexposed males. IAA exposure continued throughout gestation. Dams delivered naturally, and pups were continuously exposed to IAA through lactation until postnatal day (PND) 21. Female pups were euthanized on PND 21 and subjected to measurements of anogenital distance, ovarian weight, and vaginal opening. Ovaries were subjected to histological analysis. In addition, sera were collected to measure reproductive hormone levels. IAA exposure decreased vaginal opening rate, increased the absolute weight of the ovaries, increased anogenital index, and decreased the percentage of atretic follicles in female pups compared to control. IAA exposure caused a borderline decrease in the levels of progesterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and increased levels of testosterone in female pups compared to control. Collectively, these data show that prenatal and lactational exposure to IAA in drinking water affects vaginal opening, anogenital index, the weight of the ovaries, the percentage of atretic follicles, and hormone levels in the F1 generation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Gonsioroski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael J Plewa
- Department of Crop Sciences and the Safe Global Water Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Correspondence: Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave., Urbana, 61802, IL, USA. E-mail:
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Zhang D, Bond T, Pan Y, Li M, Luo J, Xiao R, Chu W. Identification, Occurrence, and Cytotoxicity of Haloanilines: A New Class of Aromatic Nitrogenous Disinfection Byproducts in Chloraminated and Chlorinated Drinking Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4132-4141. [PMID: 35302737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Identifying disinfection byproducts (DBPs) with high health risk is an unresolved challenge. In this study, six members of a new class of aromatic nitrogenous DBPs─2-chloroaniline, 2-bromoaniline, 2,4-dichloroaniline, 2-chloro-4-bromoaniline, 4-chloro-3-nitroaniline, and 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline─are reported as DBPs in drinking water for the first time. Haloanilines completely degraded within 1 h in the presence of chlorine (1 mg/L), while about 20% remained in the presence of chloramine (1 mg/L) after 120 h. Haloanilines showed high stability in the absence of disinfectants, with <30% degradation at pH 5-9 over 120 h. Eight haloanilines were determined in chloraminated finished water and tap water at total concentrations of up to 443 ng/L. The most abundant was 2-bromoaniline, with a median concentration of 104 ng/L. The cytotoxicity of eight haloanilines and regulated trichloromethane and dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) was evaluated using Hep G2 cell assay. The EC50 values of eight haloanilines were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than those of the regulated DBPs. The lowest toxic concentration of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline was 1 μM, 500 times lower than that of DCAA. The formation and control of haloanilines in drinking water warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Tom Bond
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K
| | - Yang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K
| | - Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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18
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Hu S, Kaw HY, Zhu L, Wang W. Formation and Cytotoxicity of Halophenylacetamides: A New Group of Nitrogenous Aromatic Halogenated Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3181-3192. [PMID: 35175050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogenous aromatic halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water have received considerable attention recently owing to their relatively high toxicity. In this study, a new group of nitrogenous aromatic halogenated disinfection byproducts, halophenylacetamides (HPAcAms), were successfully identified for the first time in both the laboratory experiments and realistic drinking water. The formation mechanism of HPAcAms during chlorination of phenylalanine in the presence of Br- and I-, occurrence frequencies, and concentrations in authentic drinking water were investigated, and a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed based on the acquired cytotoxicity data. The results demonstrated that HPAcAms could be formed from phenylalanine in chlorination via electrophilic substitution, decarboxylation, hydrochloric acid elimination, and hydrolysis. The HPAcAm yields from phenylalanine were significantly affected by contact time, pH, chlorine dose, and temperature. Nine HPAcAms with concentrations in the range of 0.02-1.54 ng/L were detected in authentic drinking water samples. Most tested HPAcAms showed significantly higher cytotoxicity compared with dichloroacetamide, which is the most abundant aliphatic haloacetamide DBP. The QSAR model demonstrated that the cellular uptake efficiency and the polarized distributions of electrons of HPAcAms play essential roles in their cytotoxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Hu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han Yeong Kaw
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Mestres J, Pérez-Albaladejo E, Porte C, Postigo C. High-throughput analysis of the steroid profile in placental cell cultures to evaluate endocrine disrupting effects of contaminant exposure. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1667:462886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Gonzalez RVL, Weis KE, Gonsioroski AV, Flaws JA, Raetzman LT. Iodoacetic Acid, a Water Disinfection Byproduct, Disrupts Hypothalamic, and Pituitary Reproductive Regulatory Factors and Induces Toxicity in the Female Pituitary. Toxicol Sci 2021; 184:46-56. [PMID: 34453833 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodoacetic acid (IAA) is a water disinfection byproduct (DBP) formed by reactions between oxidizing disinfectants and iodide. In vitro studies have indicated that IAA is one of the most cyto- and genotoxic DBPs. In humans, DBPs have been epidemiologically associated with reproductive dysfunction. In mouse ovarian culture, IAA exposure significantly inhibits antral follicle growth and reduces estradiol production. Despite this evidence, little is known about the effects of IAA on the other components of the reproductive axis: the hypothalamus and pituitary. We tested the hypothesis that IAA disrupts expression of key neuroendocrine factors and directly induces cell damage in the mouse pituitary. We exposed adult female mice to IAA in drinking water in vivo and found 0.5 and 10 mg/l IAA concentrations lead to significantly increased mRNA levels of kisspeptin (Kiss1) in the arcuate nucleus although not affecting Kiss1 in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus. Both 10 mg/l IAA exposure in vivo and 20 μM IAA in vitro reduced follicle stimulating hormone (FSHβ)-positive cell number and Fshb mRNA expression. IAA did not alter luteinizing hormone (LHβ) expression in vivo although exposure to 20 μM IAA decreased expression of Lhb and glycoprotein hormones, alpha subunit (Cga) mRNA in vitro. IAA also had toxic effects in the pituitary, inducing DNA damage and P21/Cdkn1a expression in vitro (20 μM IAA) and DNA damage and Cdkn1a expression in vivo (500 mg/l). These data implicate IAA as a hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis toxicant and suggest the pituitary is directly affected by IAA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V L Gonzalez
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Karen E Weis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Andressa V Gonsioroski
- Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Lori T Raetzman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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