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Shekhar, Alcaraz M, Seboletswe P, Manhas N, Kremer L, Singh P, Kumar V. Tailoring selective triclosan azo-adducts: Design, synthesis, and anti-mycobacterial evaluation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22182. [PMID: 38034623 PMCID: PMC10685269 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of triclosan azo-adducts were synthesized to investigate their structure-activity relationship against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. The series' most potent compound was four and sixteen times more active than triclosan and rifabutin against drug-resistant Mycobacterium abscessus, respectively, while being less cytotoxic to human macrophages than triclosan on day one. Additionally, one of the azo-adducts was twice as efficient against M. tuberculosis as triclosan and twice as effective against Mycobacterium marinum as isoniazid. Furthermore, the synthesized azo-adducts were equally effective against M. abscessus strains overexpressing InhA, suggesting that these compounds work through a distinct mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Matthéo Alcaraz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Pule Seboletswe
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Neha Manhas
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Janisch N, Levendosky K, Budell WC, Quadri LEN. Genetic Underpinnings of Carotenogenesis and Light-Induced Transcriptome Remodeling in the Opportunistic Pathogen Mycobacterium kansasii. Pathogens 2023; 12:86. [PMID: 36678434 PMCID: PMC9861118 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium kansasii (Mk) causes opportunistic pulmonary infections with tuberculosis-like features. The bacterium is well known for its photochromogenicity, i.e., the production of carotenoid pigments in response to light. The genetics defining the photochromogenic phenotype of Mk has not been investigated and defined pigmentation mutants to facilitate studies on the role of carotenes in the bacterium's biology are not available thus far. In this study, we set out to identify genetic determinants involved in Mk photochromogenicity. We screened a library of ~150,000 transposon mutants for colonies with pigmentation abnormalities. The screen rendered a collection of ~200 mutants. Each of these mutants could be assigned to one of four distinct phenotypic groups. The insertion sites in the mutant collection clustered in three chromosomal regions. A combination of phenotypic analysis, sequence bioinformatics, and gene expression studies linked these regions to carotene biosynthesis, carotene degradation, and monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, introduction of the identified carotenoid biosynthetic gene cluster into non-pigmented Mycobacterium smegmatis endowed the bacterium with photochromogenicity. The studies also led to identification of MarR-type and TetR/AcrR-type regulators controlling photochromogenicity and carotenoid breakdown, respectively. Lastly, the work presented also provides a first insight into the Mk transcriptome changes in response to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Janisch
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
- Biology Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Keith Levendosky
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
- Biology Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - William C. Budell
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
- Biology Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Luis E. N. Quadri
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
- Biology Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Biochemistry Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Musser E, Smith C, Halse TA, Kohlerschmidt D, Rourke A, Fiero A, Musser KA, Escuyer V, Lapierre P. Characterization of Mycobacterium salfingeri sp. nov.: A novel nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from a human wound infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:992610. [PMID: 36299734 PMCID: PMC9589434 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.992610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental bacteria commonly found in soil and water in almost every part of the world. While usually non-pathogenic, they can cause acute respiratory and cutaneous infections under certain circumstances or in patients with underlying medical conditions. Contrary to members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, documented human-to-human transmissions of NTM have been rarely reported and most cases result from direct environmental exposure. Here we describe the identification of a new NTM species isolated from a hand laceration of a New York State patient after a fall. This new NTM forms rough, orange pigmented colonies and is naturally resistant to doxycycline and tobramycin. Whole genome analysis reveal no close relatives present in public databases, and our findings are in accordance with the recognition of a new taxonomic species of NTM. We propose the name Mycobacterium salfingeri sp. nov. for this new NTM representative. The type strain is 20-157661T (DSM = 113368T, BCCM = ITM 501207T).
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Delineating Mycobacterium abscessus population structure and transmission employing high-resolution core genome multilocus sequence typing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4936. [PMID: 35999208 PMCID: PMC9399081 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging multidrug-resistant non-tuberculous mycobacterium that causes a wide spectrum of infections and has caused several local outbreaks worldwide. To facilitate standardized prospective molecular surveillance, we established a novel core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme. Whole genome sequencing data of 1991 isolates were employed to validate the scheme, re-analyze global population structure and set genetic distance thresholds for cluster detection and taxonomic identification. We confirmed and amended the nomenclature of the main dominant circulating clones and found that these also correlate well with traditional 7-loci MLST. Dominant circulating clones could be linked to a corresponding reference genome with less than 250 alleles while 99% of pairwise comparisons between epidemiologically linked isolates were below 25 alleles and 90% below 10 alleles. These thresholds can be used to guide further epidemiological investigations. Overall, the scheme will help to unravel the apparent global spread of certain clonal complexes and as yet undiscovered transmission routes.
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Identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from household showerheads of patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8648. [PMID: 35606401 PMCID: PMC9127090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) inside household showerheads are identical to those in patients with NTM-pulmonary disease (PD) since household water is one of the potential NTM sources. Samples were obtained from 32 household showerheads of patients with NTM-PD recruited through the Pulmonary Outpatient Department at the Severance Hospital between October 2018 and October 2019. All isolates from patients with NTM-PD were diagnosed using a reverse-hybridization line probe assay based on the ropB gene. To determine the mycobacterial compositions, the washing fluids were collected and investigated using multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay and NTM culture; suspected microbial isolates in these fluids and culture were identified using sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA gene. NTM species causing the PD in the patients were Mycobacterium avium, M. intracellulare, M. abscessus, M. massiliense, and M. fortuitum complex. The mycobacteria isolated from the showerhead were M. lentiflavum, M. gordonae, M. triplex, M. phocaicum, M. mucogenicum, M. florentinum, M. gilvum, M. llatzerense, and M. peregrinum. However, the species identified in the showerheads did not match those of the patients. Despite NTM species in the showerheads, clinical implications in the main pathogenesis associated with the disease in the patients studied were not elucidated.
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BaoYing Z, XiaoJun L, HaiQun B, Fan L, LiuBo Z. Contamination and transmission of Mycobacteria in indoor environments of public buildings. Cent Eur J Public Health 2022; 30:26-31. [PMID: 35421295 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, M. avium subsp. avium and M. intracellulare, Mycobacterium contamination and to explore the aerosol transmission of mycobacteria in public buildings in China. METHODS A total of 552 environmental samples, namely 165 aerosol, 199 water, 70 air duct dust, and 118 soil samples, were collected from 39 public buildings and analysed using nested polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The positivity rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, M. avium subsp. avium and M. intracellulare in air samples were 0.6% and 1.8%, respectively. There was significant difference in the positivity rate of Mycobacterium aerosol among the three types of public building (χ2 = 6.108, p = 0.047). No positive results of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and M. avium and M. intracellulare were obtained from cooling, tap, shower, or fountain water. The positivity rate of Mycobacterium for water samples was 31.7% (63/199). The positivity rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, M. avium subsp. avium and M. intracellulare, Mycobacterium in soil samples were 1.1%, 34.6% and 43.6%, respectively. There was significant difference in the positivity rate of M. avium and M. intracellulare (χ2 = 47.219, p < 0.001) and Mycobacterium (χ2 = 33.535, p < 0.001) in the different origins of soil samples. CONCLUSIONS Mycobacteria are widespread in public buildings. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, M. avium and M. intracellulare were simultaneously present in the air ducts of central air conditioning systems and indoor air in public buildings, which indicates that aerosol transmission is a potential route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang BaoYing
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liang XiaoJun
- Kunshan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ban HaiQun
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Fan
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang LiuBo
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Mycobacterium kansasii Pulmonary Infections in China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0147521. [PMID: 35019778 PMCID: PMC8754148 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01475-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium kansasii, an important opportunistic pathogen of humans, causes serious pulmonary disease. Sixty M. kansasii isolates were collected for investigating the clinical characteristics of patients with M. kansasii infections as well as drug susceptibility and genotypes of M. kansasii. More than 90% of the patients infected with M. kansasii were from eastern China. According to the internal transcribed spacers (ITS), rpoB, hsp65, and tuf, all M. kansasii isolates were classified as molecular type I, irrespective of the disease manifestation. Sixty M. kansasii isolates from China were diverse and separated into four branches. Pairwise average nucleotide identity (ANI) values for M. kansasii isolates affiliated with different genotypes were more than 85%. The earliest isolate was isolated from Jiangsu in 1983. Of the isolates, 78.3% (47/60) were isolated since 1999. All isolates were sensitive to rifabutin. All but one isolate was sensitive to clarithromycin. Sensitivity rates to rifampin, amikacin, moxifloxacin, and linezolid were 80.0%, 90.0%, 88.3%, and 91.7%, respectively. A high rate of resistance was noted for ciprofloxacin (44 isolates, 73.3%) and ethambutol (46 isolates, 76.7%). Compared with M. tuberculosis H37Rv, 12 mutations of embCA were observed in all M. kansasii isolates. All these 60 M. kansasii isolates shared identical sequences of rpoB, inhA, katG, rrl, rrs, rpsL, gyrA, and gyrB. In conclusion, M. kansasii isolates are exhibiting greater genetic diversity globally. The resistance mechanism of M. kansasii is not necessarily related to gene mutation. IMPORTANCEM. kansasii type I is the main genotype spreading worldwide. The molecular history of the global spread of type I isolates remains largely unclear. We conducted a detailed analysis of genomic evolution of global M. kansasii isolates. Our results suggest that M. kansasii isolates exhibit greater genetic diversity globally.
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Mugetti D, Tomasoni M, Pastorino P, Esposito G, Menconi V, Dondo A, Prearo M. Reply to Pavlik et al. Clinical Relevance and Environmental Prevalence of Mycobacterium fortuitum Group Members. Comment on "Mugetti et al. Gene Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis: Powerful Tools for an Improved Diagnosis of Fish Mycobacteriosis Caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum Group Members. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 797". Microorganisms 2021; 10:microorganisms10010055. [PMID: 35056504 PMCID: PMC8780988 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Vang CK, Dawrs SN, Oberlag NM, Gilmore AE, Hasan NA, Honda JR. Comparative survival of environmental and clinical Mycobacterium abscessus isolates in a variety of diverse host cells. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:3302-3314. [PMID: 34919308 PMCID: PMC9306708 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aims Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus (MABS) is an emerging, opportunistic pathogen found globally in freshwater biofilms and soil. Typically, isolates are treated as a uniform group of organisms and very little is known about their comparative survival in healthy host cells. We posit that environmentally‐ and clinically derived isolates, show differential infectivity in immune cells and resistance to innate defenses. Methods and Results Six MABS isolates were tested including three water biofilm/soil and three sputum‐derived isolates. A clinical MABS type strain and an environmental isolate of Arthrobacter were also included. MABS counts were significantly higher compared to Arthrobacter after co‐culture with Acanthamoeba lenticulata, BEAS‐2B epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and the THP‐1 macrophage cell line. A rough sputum‐derived MABS isolate emerged as an isolate with higher virulence compared to others tested, as both a pellicle and cord former, survivor in the human cell models tested, inducer of high and prolonged production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and the capacity to evade LL‐37. Conclusions Findings support intraspecies variation between MABS isolates. Significance and Impact of the Study These data indicate subversion of host immune defenses by environmental and clinical MABS isolates is nuanced and maybe isolate dependent, providing new information regarding the pathogenesis of NTM infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmie K Vang
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephanie N Dawrs
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicole M Oberlag
- Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Anah E Gilmore
- Professional Biomedical Science Program, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Nabeeh A Hasan
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer R Honda
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Gharbi R, Khanna V, Frigui W, Mhenni B, Brosch R, Mardassi H. Phenotypic and genomic hallmarks of a novel, potentially pathogenic rapidly growing Mycobacterium species related to the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13011. [PMID: 34155223 PMCID: PMC8217490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have identified a putative novel rapidly growing Mycobacterium species, referred to as TNTM28, recovered from the sputum of an apparently immunocompetent young man with an underlying pulmonary disease. Here we provide a thorough characterization of TNTM28 genome sequence, which consists of one chromosome of 5,526,191 bp with a 67.3% G + C content, and a total of 5193 predicted coding sequences. Phylogenomic analyses revealed a deep-rooting relationship to the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex, thus suggesting a new taxonomic entity. TNTM28 was predicted to be a human pathogen with a probability of 0.804, reflecting the identification of several virulence factors, including export systems (Sec, Tat, and ESX), a nearly complete set of Mce proteins, toxin-antitoxins systems, and an extended range of other genes involved in intramacrophage replication and persistence (hspX, ahpC, sodA, sodC, katG, mgtC, ClpR, virS, etc.), some of which had likely been acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Such an arsenal of potential virulence factors, along with an almost intact ESX-1 locus, might have significantly contributed to TNTM28 pathogenicity, as witnessed by its ability to replicate efficiently in macrophages. Overall, the identification of this new species as a potential human pathogen will help to broaden our understanding of mycobacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Gharbi
- Unit of Typing & Genetics of Mycobacteria, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology, and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Varun Khanna
- Institut Pasteur, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, C3BI, Unité de Services et de Recherche, USR 3756, Institut Pasteur CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Wafa Frigui
- Institut Pasteur (IP), Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Besma Mhenni
- Unit of Typing & Genetics of Mycobacteria, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology, and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Roland Brosch
- Institut Pasteur (IP), Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Helmi Mardassi
- Unit of Typing & Genetics of Mycobacteria, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology, and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Distinguishing nontuberculous mycobacteria from Mycobacterium tuberculosis lung disease from CT images using a deep learning framework. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:4293-4306. [PMID: 34131803 PMCID: PMC8205608 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a deep learning framework (3D-ResNet) based on CT images to distinguish nontuberculous mycobacterium lung disease (NTM-LD) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis lung disease (MTB-LD). Method Chest CT images of 301 with NTM-LD and 804 with MTB-LD confirmed by pathogenic microbiological examination were retrospectively collected. The differences between the clinical manifestations of the two diseases were analysed. 3D-ResNet was developed to randomly extract data in an 8:1:1 ratio for training, validating, and testing. We also collected external test data (40 with NTM-LD and 40 with MTB-LD) for external validation of the model. The activated region of interest was evaluated using a class activation map. The model was compared with three radiologists in the test set. Result Patients with NTM-LD were older than those with MTB-LD, patients with MTB-LD had more cough, and those with NTM-LD had more dyspnoea, and the results were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The AUCs of our model on training, validating, and testing datasets were 0.90, 0.88, and 0.86, respectively, while the AUC on the external test set was 0.78. Additionally, the performance of the model was higher than that of the radiologist, and without manual labelling, the model automatically identified lung areas with abnormalities on CT > 1000 times more effectively than the radiologists. Conclusion This study shows the efficacy of 3D-ResNet as a rapid auxiliary diagnostic tool for NTB-LD and MTB-LD. Its use can help provide timely and accurate treatment strategies to patients with these diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-021-05432-x.
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Mallick Gupta A, Mandal S. Distribution of sigma factors delineates segregation of virulent and avirulent Mycobacterium. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:1627-1640. [PMID: 33432378 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The genus Mycobacterium includes a wide range of species of both slow and rapid growth under major pathogens, opportunists, and saprophytes. The number and combination of sigma factors are extremely diversified among various species of Mycobacterium. The comparative genome analysis illustrates that SigC, SigD, SigG, SigH, SigK and SigI are dominant among the pathogens. Evolutionary analysis using Bayesian inference on 16S rRNA and MLST-based phylogeny using 14 housekeeping genes distinctly differentiate the slow-growing Mycobacterium from fast growers and segregate pathogens from opportunists and saprophytes. Based on the similarity coefficient upon the allotment of sigma factors in mycobacterial species through UPGMA dendrogram analysis, it is apparent that the pathogens are grouped separately following the similar trend observed from the evolutionary approach. Predominance of a set of sigma factors particularly the pathogenic Mycobacterium co-exists with the distribution of six well-known virulence factors of Mycobacterium (PhoP, PcaA, FbpA, Mce1B, KatG and PE_PGRS30). The pathogenicity responsible sigma factors elicit close resemblance with few notable characters of the known virulence factors. Thus the analysis renders that the distribution of sigma factors of different species of Mycobacterium can be a potential tool to predict their pathogenicity index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayatti Mallick Gupta
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated in Chongqing, Southwest China. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 149:e7. [PMID: 33436128 PMCID: PMC8057515 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820003088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid rise in the prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) diseases across the world, the microbiological diagnosis of NTM isolates is becoming increasingly important for the diagnosis and treatment of NTM disease. In this study, the clinical presentation, species distribution and drug susceptibility of patients with NTM disease visiting the Chongqing Public Health Medical Centre during March 2016-April 2019 were retrospectively analysed. Among the 146 patients with NTM disease, eight NTM species (complex) were identified. The predominant NTM species in these patients were identified to be Mycobacterium abscessus complex (53, 36.3%), M. intracellulare (38, 26%) and M. fortuitum (17, 11.7%). In addition, two or more species were isolated from 7.5% of the patients. Pulmonary NTM disease (142, 97.3%) showed the highest prevalence among the patients. It was observed that 40.1% of the patients with pulmonary NTM disease had chronic pulmonary obstructive disease and bronchiectasis, while 22.5% had prior tuberculosis. Male patients showed more association with the conditions of cough and haemoptysis than the female patients. In an in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing, most of the species showed susceptibility to linezolid, amikacin and clarithromycin, while M. fortuitum exhibited low susceptibility to tobramycin. In conclusion, the prevalence of NTM disease, especially that of the pulmonary NTM disease, is common in Southwest China. Species identification and drug susceptibility testing are thus extremely important to ensure appropriate treatment regimens for patient care and management.
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Byrne AS, Goudreau A, Bissonnette N, Shamputa IC, Tahlan K. Methods for Detecting Mycobacterial Mixed Strain Infections-A Systematic Review. Front Genet 2020; 11:600692. [PMID: 33408740 PMCID: PMC7779811 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.600692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed strain infection (MSI) refers to the concurrent infection of a susceptible host with multiple strains of a single pathogenic species. Known to occur in humans and animals, MSIs deserve special consideration when studying transmission dynamics, evolution, and treatment of mycobacterial diseases, notably tuberculosis in humans and paratuberculosis (or Johne's disease) in ruminants. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to examine how MSIs are defined in the literature, how widespread the phenomenon is across the host species spectrum, and to document common methods used to detect such infections. Our search strategy identified 121 articles reporting MSIs in both humans and animals, the majority (78.5%) of which involved members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, while only a few (21.5%) examined non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). In addition, MSIs exist across various host species, but most reports focused on humans due to the extensive amount of work done on tuberculosis. We reviewed the strain typing methods that allowed for MSI detection and found a few that were commonly employed but were associated with specific challenges. Our review notes the need for standardization, as some highly discriminatory methods are not adapted to distinguish between microevolution of one strain and concurrent infection with multiple strains. Further research is also warranted to examine the prevalence of NTM MSIs in both humans and animals. In addition, it is envisioned that the accurate identification and a better understanding of the distribution of MSIs in the future will lead to important information on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of mycobacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Goudreau
- Science & Health Sciences Librarian, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bissonnette
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Isdore Chola Shamputa
- Department of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Kapil Tahlan
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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15
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Pereira AC, Ramos B, Reis AC, Cunha MV. Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria: Molecular and Physiological Bases of Virulence and Adaptation to Ecological Niches. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091380. [PMID: 32916931 PMCID: PMC7563442 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are paradigmatic colonizers of the total environment, circulating at the interfaces of the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere. Their striking adaptive ecology on the interconnection of multiple spheres results from the combination of several biological features related to their exclusive hydrophobic and lipid-rich impermeable cell wall, transcriptional regulation signatures, biofilm phenotype, and symbiosis with protozoa. This unique blend of traits is reviewed in this work, with highlights to the prodigious plasticity and persistence hallmarks of NTM in a wide diversity of environments, from extreme natural milieus to microniches in the human body. Knowledge on the taxonomy, evolution, and functional diversity of NTM is updated, as well as the molecular and physiological bases for environmental adaptation, tolerance to xenobiotics, and infection biology in the human and non-human host. The complex interplay between individual, species-specific and ecological niche traits contributing to NTM resilience across ecosystems are also explored. This work hinges current understandings of NTM, approaching their biology and heterogeneity from several angles and reinforcing the complexity of these microorganisms often associated with a multiplicity of diseases, including pulmonary, soft-tissue, or milliary. In addition to emphasizing the cornerstones of knowledge involving these bacteria, we identify research gaps that need to be addressed, stressing out the need for decision-makers to recognize NTM infection as a public health issue that has to be tackled, especially when considering an increasingly susceptible elderly and immunocompromised population in developed countries, as well as in low- or middle-income countries, where NTM infections are still highly misdiagnosed and neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C. Pereira
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.P.); (B.R.); (A.C.R.)
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Ramos
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.P.); (B.R.); (A.C.R.)
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Reis
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.P.); (B.R.); (A.C.R.)
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica V. Cunha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.P.); (B.R.); (A.C.R.)
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-217-500-000 (ext. 22461)
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16
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Markland A, Tan B, Adamko D, Diener T, Levett PN, Wiebe S, Wang H, Podberezin M, Saczek K, Milbrandt K, Essalah A, Quan W, Deneer H. Two children with extra-nodal Mycobacterium avium complex infection. Paediatr Child Health 2020; 26:205-207. [PMID: 34131457 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is usually considered an opportunistic organism, which infects immunocompromised children or those with structural airway abnormalities. We present two cases of MAC infection affecting immune competent children, likely from hot tubs with primary involvement of pulmonary and urinary systems. These cases highlight the importance of asking about hot tub use in immune competent children with suspected or confirmed MAC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Markland
- Department of Pediatrics, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - Ben Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - Darryl Adamko
- Department of Pediatrics, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - Tania Diener
- Population and Public Health Services, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina, Saskatchewan
| | - Paul N Levett
- Saskatchewan Disease Control Laboratory, Regina, Saskatchewan
| | - Sheldon Wiebe
- Department of Radiology, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - Mark Podberezin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Beth Israel Lahey Health System, Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - Krysztof Saczek
- Department of Surgery, Regina General Hospital, Regina, Saskatchewan
| | - Kris Milbrandt
- Department of Surgery, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | | | - William Quan
- Department of Pediatrics, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - Harry Deneer
- Department of Microbiology, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
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17
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Chin KL, Sarmiento ME, Alvarez-Cabrera N, Norazmi MN, Acosta A. Pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections: current state and future management. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:799-826. [PMID: 31853742 PMCID: PMC7222044 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is a trend of increasing incidence in pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections (PNTM) together with a decrease in tuberculosis (TB) incidence, particularly in developed countries. The prevalence of PNTM in underdeveloped and developing countries remains unclear as there is still a lack of detection methods that could clearly diagnose PNTM applicable in these low-resource settings. Since non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental pathogens, the vicinity favouring host-pathogen interactions is known as important predisposing factor for PNTM. The ongoing changes in world population, as well as socio-political and economic factors, are linked to the rise in the incidence of PNTM. Development is an important factor for the improvement of population well-being, but it has also been linked, in general, to detrimental environmental consequences, including the rise of emergent (usually neglected) infectious diseases, such as PNTM. The rise of neglected PNTM infections requires the expansion of the current efforts on the development of diagnostics, therapies and vaccines for mycobacterial diseases, which at present, are mainly focused on TB. This review discuss the current situation of PNTM and its predisposing factors, as well as the efforts and challenges for their control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling Chin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Maria E Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nadine Alvarez-Cabrera
- Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Mohd Nor Norazmi
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Armando Acosta
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Jabbour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amal Hamieh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Al Rassoul Al Azam Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sima L. Sharara
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Souha S. Kanj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail:
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19
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O’Connor JA, O’Reilly B, Corcoran GD, O’Mahony J, Lucey B. A comparison of the HAIN Genotype CM reverse hybridisation assay with the Bruker MicroFlex LT MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer for identification of clinically relevant mycobacterial species. Br J Biomed Sci 2020; 77:152-155. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2020.1732639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JA O’Connor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
| | - B O’Reilly
- Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Directorate, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - GD Corcoran
- Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Directorate, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - J O’Mahony
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
| | - B Lucey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
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20
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Kwak N, Choi H, Jeon D, Jhun BW, Jo KW, Kang YA, Kwon YS, Lee M, Mok J, Shim TS, Shin HJ, Whang J, Yim JJ. Protocol of a Nationwide Observational Study among Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Pulmonary Disease in South Korea (NTM-KOREA). Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2020; 83:141-146. [PMID: 32185919 PMCID: PMC7105436 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2019.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease (PD) is increasing globally. To understand the treatment outcomes and prognosis of NTM-PD, a unified registry is needed. In this project, we aim to construct a multicenter prospective observational cohort with NTM-PD in South Korea (NTM-KOREA). METHODS The primary objective of this study is to analyze treatment outcomes according to the species. In addition, recurrence rate, adverse events, the impact of each drug on treatment outcomes as well as the impact of characteristics of mycobacteriology will be analyzed. The inclusion criteria for the study are as follows: fulfilling the criteria for NTM-PD having one of the following etiologic organisms: Mycobacterium avium complex, M. abscessus subspecies abscessus, M. abscessus subspecies massiliense, or M. kansasii; receiving the first treatment for NTM-PD after enrollment; age >20 years; and consenting to participate in the study. Seven institutions will participate in patient enrollment and about 500 patients are expected to be enrolled. Participants will be recruited from 1 March 2020 until 19 March 2024 and will be observed through 19 March 2029. During the follow-up period, participants' clinical course will be tracked and their clinical data as well as NTM isolates will be collected. CONCLUSION NTM-KOREA will be the first nationwide observational cohort for NTM-PD in South Korea. It will provide the information to optimize treatment modalities and will contribute to deeper understanding of the treatment outcomes and long-term prognosis of patients with NTM-PD in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakwon Kwak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hongjo Choi
- Research Center, Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Doosoo Jeon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Byung Woo Jhun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Wook Jo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ae Kang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myungsun Lee
- Clinical Research Section, International Tuberculosis Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongha Mok
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae Sun Shim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Joon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jake Whang
- Research Center, Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jae Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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21
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Seto S, Morimoto K, Yoshida T, Hiramatsu M, Hijikata M, Nagata T, Kikuchi F, Shiraishi Y, Kurashima A, Keicho N. Proteomic Profiling Reveals the Architecture of Granulomatous Lesions Caused by Tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3081. [PMID: 32010116 PMCID: PMC6978656 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD) are both characterized pathologically by granuloma lesions, which are typically composed of a necrotic caseum at the center surrounded by fibrotic cells and lymphocytes. Although the histological characterization of TB and MAC-LD granulomas has been well-documented, their molecular signatures have not been fully evaluated. In this research we applied mass spectrometry-based proteomics combined with laser microdissection to investigate the unique protein markers in human mycobacterial granulomatous lesions. Comparing the protein abundance between caseous and cellular sub-compartments of mycobacterial granulomas, we found distinct differences. Proteins involved in cellular metabolism in transcription and translation were abundant in cellular regions, while in caseous regions proteins related to antimicrobial response accumulated. To investigate the determinants of their heterogeneity, we compared the protein abundance in caseous regions between TB and MAC-LD granulomas. We found that several proteins were significantly abundant in the MAC-LD caseum of which proteomic profiles were different from those of the TB caseum. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that one of these proteins, Angiogenin, specifically localized to the caseous regions of selected MAC-LD granulomas. We also detected peptides derived from mycobacterial proteins in the granulomas of both diseases. This study provides new insights into the architecture of granulomatous lesions in TB and MAC-LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Seto
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozo Morimoto
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yoshida
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyako Hiramatsu
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minako Hijikata
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshi Nagata
- Department of Health Science, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Fumihito Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Shiraishi
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Kurashima
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Keicho
- Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Association between Atrial Fibrillation, Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure and Mortality in Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection: a nationwide population-based study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15503. [PMID: 31664094 PMCID: PMC6820717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51801-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
NTM infection demonstrates an increasing incidence and prevalence. We studied the impact of NTM in cardiovascular events. Using the Korean nationwide database, we included newly diagnosed 1,730 NTM patients between 2005 and 2008 and followed up for new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), ischemic stroke (IS), and death. Covariates-matched non-NTM subjects (1:5, n = 8,650) were selected and analyzed. Also, NTM infection was classified into indolent or progressive NTM for risk stratification. During 4.16 ± 1.15 years of the follow-up period, AF, MI, HF, IS, and death were newly diagnosed in 87, 125, 121, 162, and 468 patients. In multivariate analysis, NTM group showed an increased risk of AF (hazard ratio [HR] 2.307, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.560-3.412) and all-cause death (HR 1.751, 95% CI 1.412-2.172) compared to non-NTM subjects, whereas no significant difference in MI (HR 0.868, 95% CI 0.461-1.634), HF (HR 1.259, 95% CI 0.896-2.016), and IS (HR 1.429, 95% CI 0.981-2.080). After stratification, 1,730 NTM patients were stratified into 1,375 (79.5%) indolent NTM group and 355 (20.5%) progressive NTM group. Progressive NTM showed an increased risk of AF and mortality than indolent NTM group. Screening for AF and IS prevention would be appropriate in these high-risk patients.
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23
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Roslund MI, Rantala S, Oikarinen S, Puhakka R, Hui N, Parajuli A, Laitinen OH, Hyöty H, Rantalainen AL, Sinkkonen A. Endocrine disruption and commensal bacteria alteration associated with gaseous and soil PAH contamination among daycare children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104894. [PMID: 31220749 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are priority environmental pollutants that cause adverse health effects. PAHs belong to endocrine signaling disruptors to which children are sensitive to. Recent evidence suggests that PAH pollution alters the abundance of environmental bacteria that is associated with health outcomes. The alteration of environmental and commensal microbiota by PAH pollution has never been connected to endocrine signaling pathways. To estimate the risk of endocrine disruption in daycare children, we measured PAHs from soil and air of eleven urban daycare centres in Finland. We analyzed daycare yards' soil and children's gut and skin bacterial communities with 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and used Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes database to categorize endocrine signaling pathways. We also assessed the PAH hazard to children's health based on the current risk assesments. We observed associations between signaling pathways in endocrine system and gaseous PAH levels in ambient air. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and adipocytokine signaling pathway decreased with higher chrysene concentration in the air. Soil PAH contamination was associated with altered Actinobacteria, Bacteoridetes and Proteobacteria communities on children's skin and in daycare yard soil. However, adjusted genera were not the same in soil and on skin, with the exception of Mycobacterium that was associated with higher PAH concentrations both in soil and on the skin. Even though fluoranhtene levels were above the current threshold values, total PAHs were below safety threshold values and based on current risk assessments there is a minor risk for child health. Our findings indicate that PAH concentrations that are considered safe may interfere with endocrine signaling by commensal microbiota and alter both environmental and commensal bacterial communities. The imbalance in human microbiota and the decrease in signaling pathways may contribute to emerging public health problems, including inflammatory disorders, obesity and diabetes. Therefore, the optimal risk assessments of PAHs and theoretically also other contaminants shaping commensal microbiota may need to take into account the possibility of the disruption of endocrine signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja I Roslund
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland.
| | - Sonja Rantala
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Nan Hui
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Anirudra Parajuli
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna-Lea Rantalainen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
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Toor A, De Freitas G, Torras J. Necrotizing pneumonia in a patient with untreated Mycobacterium kansasii infection. Respir Med Case Rep 2019; 27:100849. [PMID: 31193426 PMCID: PMC6529402 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2019.100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium kansasii is the second most commonly occurring Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) in the United States. Infection is typically seen in middle aged males, and the risk of infection is greatly increased in immunocompromised hosts. Pulmonary infection presents in clinical parallel to that of Mycobaterium tuberculosis (TB) and is therefore often misdiagnosed. A combination of clinical, radiological, and microbiological evidence of infection is generally required to clinch the diagnosis. Treatment of such cases include prolonged courses of rifampin in combination with 2 other antimicrobial agents. The overall prognosis with appropriate treatment is good with the exception of disseminated disease in severely immunocompromised hosts. In patients who are misdiagnosed or undertreated, there is progressive destruction of the lung parenchyma with distortion of lung architecture. This can in-turn lead to bronchiectatic changes leaving the airways exposed to devastating superimposed bacterial pneumonia. We describe a case of a patient with untreated M. kansasii infection who developed superimposed necrotizing pneumonia and respiratory failure requiring prolonged ventilatory support.
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25
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Appak Ö, Türkel S, Esen N, Özkütük AA. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme analysis method and DNA sequence analysis results in the identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2018; 65:515-527. [PMID: 30010392 DOI: 10.1556/030.65.2018.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The typing of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is important from a clinical and epidemiological perspective. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme analysis (PRA) method and DNA sequence analysis method were utilized to target a gene region that codes the 65-kDa heat-shock protein for typing 150 suspected NTM samples isolated from the respiratory tract. Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium xenopi, Mycobacterium fortuitum, and Mycobacterium peregrinum were most frequently found by both methods. Six isolates that could not be defined by the PRA method were defined as Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, Nocardia abscessus, and Mycobacterium intracellulare by DNA sequence analysis. Discordance between the results of the two methods was observed for only one isolate. The isolate that was defined as Mycobacterium gordonae type 6 by the PRA method was defined as Mycobacterium senegalense by sequence analysis. The PRA method is simple and gives rapid results. Compared with DNA sequence analysis, it gives consistent and reliable results up to a ratio of 90%. DNA sequence analysis is the gold standard method in which all strains can be defined. However, given our laboratory conditions, its disadvantage is that it takes longer to reach a diagnosis than through the PRA method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Appak
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Türkel
- 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, Training and Research Hospital, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Nuran Esen
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Aydan Özkütük
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
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26
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Tan Y, Su B, Shu W, Cai X, Kuang S, Kuang H, Liu J, Pang Y. Epidemiology of pulmonary disease due to nontuberculous mycobacteria in Southern China, 2013-2016. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:168. [PMID: 30413193 PMCID: PMC6230232 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease is of increasing public health concern in China. Information is limited regarding risk factors associated with this disease in China. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of pulmonary disease due to NTM in Southern China. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pulmonary NTM patients registered in the Guangzhou Chest Hospital with positive mycobacterial cultures during 2013–2016. We described sex, age, residence, treatment history, laboratory examination results and comorbidities of pulmonary NTM patients. Results Among the 607 NTM cases, the most prevalent species were Mycobacterium avium complex (44.5%), Mycobacterium abscessus complex (40.5%), Mycobacterium kansasii (10.0%) and Mycobacterium fortuitum (2.8%). The male:female ratio was significantly lower among patients infected with rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) than among those with slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM). The risk of developing SGM disease significantly increased with advancing age. In addition, pulmonary RGM diseases were more common in migrant population than resident population. Notably, patients with pulmonary RGM diseases were significantly more likely to have bronchiectasis underlying noted than those with SGM diseases. No significant difference was observed in in vitro drug susceptibility among NTM species. Conclusion Our data illustrate that the M. avium complex is the most predominant causative agent of pulmonary NTM disease in Southern China. Female, migrant population, the presence of bronchiectasis are independent risk factors for pulmonary diseases due to RGM. In addition, the prevalence of SGM increases significantly with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoju Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, No. 62, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510095, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyi Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, No. 62, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shu
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key laboratory on Drug-resistant Tuberculosis Research,, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, No. 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingshan Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, No. 62, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojia Kuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, No. 62, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haobin Kuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, No. 62, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, No. 62, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Pang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key laboratory on Drug-resistant Tuberculosis Research,, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, No. 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, People's Republic of China.
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Rapidly Growing Mycobacterial Infections of the Skin and Soft Tissues Caused by M. fortuitum and M. chelonae. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-018-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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28
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Practice Guidelines for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Mycobacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:31/2/e00038-17. [PMID: 29386234 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00038-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria are the causative organisms for diseases such as tuberculosis (TB), leprosy, Buruli ulcer, and pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease, to name the most important ones. In 2015, globally, almost 10 million people developed TB, and almost half a million patients suffered from its multidrug-resistant form. In 2016, a total of 9,287 new TB cases were reported in the United States. In 2015, there were 174,608 new case of leprosy worldwide. India, Brazil, and Indonesia reported the most leprosy cases. In 2015, the World Health Organization reported 2,037 new cases of Buruli ulcer, with most cases being reported in Africa. Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease is an emerging public health challenge. The U.S. National Institutes of Health reported an increase from 20 to 47 cases/100,000 persons (or 8.2% per year) of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease among adults aged 65 years or older throughout the United States, with 181,037 national annual cases estimated in 2014. This review describes contemporary methods for the laboratory diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases. Furthermore, the review considers the ever-changing health care delivery system and stresses the laboratory's need to adjust and embrace molecular technologies to provide shorter turnaround times and a higher quality of care for the patients who we serve.
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Bhatt K, Banavathi K. Mycobacterium kansasii osteomyelitis - a masquerading disease. JMM Case Rep 2018; 5:e005114. [PMID: 29568531 PMCID: PMC5857369 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental bacteria capable of causing an opportunistic myriad of infections. Mycobacterium kansasii, one such NTM, is responsible for causing pulmonary disease in immunocompromised patients. Rare extrapulmonary manifestations such as lymphadenitis, osteoarticular manifestations, and skin and soft tissue infections are also observed. Case presentation Here, we report an unusual case of sternoclavicular joint and elbow joint infection with M. kansasii in a relatively immunocompetent patient. Histopathology did not show classic granulomas and mycobacterial infection was not initially considered as a possibility. However repeat biopsies were sent for mycobacterial cultures which then grew M. kansasii. Conclusion Diagnosis of M. kansasii in such cases can be difficult and culture-positive results may not necessarily imply positive diagnosis as they can be environmental contaminants. Furthermore, M. kansasii can cause infections without the characteristic granuloma formation, which can further complicate tissue diagnosis. This underlines the importance of ensuring that tissue samples obtained are cultured for mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranmai Bhatt
- Royal Stoke University Hospital, Newcastle Road, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 6QG, UK
| | - Krishna Banavathi
- Royal Stoke University Hospital, Newcastle Road, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 6QG, UK
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Choi SG, Choi MS. Isolation of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) from Air Conditioner Dust. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2017.49.4.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Gu Choi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Myeong Sik Choi
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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El-Zeenni N, Chanoine S, Recule C, Stahl JP, Maurin M, Camara B. Are guidelines on the management of non-tuberculous mycobacteria lung infections respected and what are the consequences for patients? A French retrospective study from 2007 to 2014. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 37:233-240. [PMID: 29067624 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of lung infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) remain challenging. Adherence of the clinicians to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) 2007 guidelines is often incomplete. Between 2007 and 2014, in Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, France, 132 patients had NTM-positive cultures from lower respiratory tract (LRT) samples. We retrospectively collected diagnosis, treatment, and outcome data of patients, and evaluated the adherence of clinicians to ATS/IDSA guidelines and the consequences of patients' prognoses. Using the ATS/IDSA definitions, 31 out of 132 patients (23.5%) were considered infected, 57 out of 132 patients (43.2%) were considered colonised, 33 out of 132 (25%) were contaminated and 11 (8.4%) had missing data. Among the 31 NTM-infected patients, M. avium (23 out of 31, 74.2%) was most frequently involved. The main risk factor for NTM lung infection was underlying lung disease (30 out of 31, 96.8%). Treatment was not appropriate according to current guidelines in 58.1% of infected patients (18 out of 31). Mainly, the antibiotic treatment was installed based on radiological signs (p = 0.0006), sputum results and bronchoalveolar lavage results (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.003 respectively). Most antibiotic regimens included a macrolide (83.4%). Patients receiving appropriate treatment had the same cure rates as those receiving inappropriate treatment (p = 0.22) and similar relapse rates (p = 0.92). Current medical practices for the treatment of NTM lung infections in our institution are not consistent with the ATS/IDSA guidelines. This could potentially affect the prognosis of these patients and favour the emergence of macrolide resistance in NTM species.
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Affiliation(s)
- N El-Zeenni
- Infectious Diseases Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, 38000, Grenoble, France. .,Pneumology Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, 38000, Grenoble, France. .,Infectious Diseases Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, 38043, Grenoble, France.
| | - S Chanoine
- Pharmacy Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - C Recule
- Microbiology Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - J-P Stahl
- Infectious Diseases Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - M Maurin
- Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France.,Microbiology Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - B Camara
- Pneumology Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, 38000, Grenoble, France
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Kim N, Yi J, Chang CL. Recovery Rates of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria from Clinical Specimens Are Increasing in Korean Tertiary-Care Hospitals. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:1263-1267. [PMID: 28665061 PMCID: PMC5494324 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.8.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are being recognized increasingly as the causative agents of opportunistic infections in humans. This study investigated the epidemiologic trends of NTM recovery from various clinical specimens in 2 Korean tertiary-care hospitals. We reviewed the laboratory records of patient samples cultured for mycobacteria between 2009 and 2015 at 2 tertiary-care hospitals in Korea. The medical records for patients with positive NTM samples were also reviewed. During the study period, 144,540 specimens were cultured for mycobacteria. The proportion of NTM-positive samples increased from 23.3% in 2009 to 48.2% in 2015. The 2 most frequently isolated NTM were Mycobacterium intracellulare (38.3%) and M. avium (23.1%). The number of clinically significant diseases caused by NTM in inpatients and outpatients increased from 6.8 to 12.9 per 100,000 patients over the same period. The rates of recovery of NTM from clinical specimens and the number of patients with NTM infections increased significantly (P < 0.001, testing for trend) between 2009 and 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namhee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jongyoun Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Chulhun L Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
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Chisholm RH, Tanaka MM. The emergence of latent infection in the early evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.0499. [PMID: 27194699 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has an unusual natural history in that the vast majority of its human hosts enter a latent state that is both non-infectious and devoid of any symptoms of disease. From the pathogen perspective, it seems counterproductive to relinquish reproductive opportunities to achieve a détente with the host immune response. However, a small fraction of latent infections reactivate to the disease state. Thus, latency has been argued to provide a safe harbour for future infections which optimizes the persistence of M. tuberculosis in human populations. Yet, if a pathogen begins interactions with humans as an active disease without latency, how could it begin to evolve latency properties without incurring an immediate reproductive disadvantage? We address this question with a mathematical model. Results suggest that the emergence of tuberculosis latency may have been enabled by a mechanism akin to cryptic genetic variation in that detrimental latency properties were hidden from natural selection until their expression became evolutionarily favoured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H Chisholm
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Mark M Tanaka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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Rifabutin Is Active against Mycobacterium abscessus Complex. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00155-17. [PMID: 28396540 PMCID: PMC5444174 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00155-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung infections caused by Mycobacterium abscessus are emerging as a global threat to individuals with cystic fibrosis and to other patient groups. Recent evidence for human-to-human transmission worsens the situation. M. abscessus is an intrinsically multidrug-resistant pathogen showing resistance to even standard antituberculosis drugs, such as rifampin. Here, our objective was to identify existing drugs that may be employed for the treatment of M. abscessus lung disease. A collection of more than 2,700 approved drugs was screened at a single-point concentration against an M. abscessus clinical isolate. Hits were confirmed with fresh solids in dose-response experiments. For the most attractive hit, growth inhibition and bactericidal activities against reference strains of the three M. abscessus subspecies and a collection of clinical isolates were determined. Surprisingly, the rifampin derivative rifabutin had MICs of 3 ± 2 μM (3 μg/ml) against the screening strain, the reference strains M. abscessus subsp. abscessus ATCC 19977, M. abscessus subsp. bolletii CCUG 50184-T, and M. abscessus subsp. massiliense CCUG 48898-T, as well as against a collection of clinical isolates. Furthermore, rifabutin was active against clarithromycin-resistant strains. In conclusion, rifabutin, in contrast to rifampin, is active against the Mycobacterium abscessus complex bacteria in vitro and may be considered for treatment of M. abscessus lung disease.
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35
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King HC, Khera-Butler T, James P, Oakley BB, Erenso G, Aseffa A, Knight R, Wellington EM, Courtenay O. Environmental reservoirs of pathogenic mycobacteria across the Ethiopian biogeographical landscape. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173811. [PMID: 28333945 PMCID: PMC5363844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterium genus comprises over one-hundred-and-fifty recognised species, the majority of which reside in the environment and many of which can be pathogenic to mammals. Some species of environmental mycobacteria may interfere with BCG vaccination efficacy and in tuberculin test interpretation. Examining biogeographic trends in the distribution of members of the mycobacteria across a number of physicochemical and spatial gradients in soil and water environments across Ethiopia using oligotyping identified differential distributions of pathogenic and significant species. The tuberculosis complex was identified in more than 90% of water samples and taxonomic groups implicated in lower BCG vaccine efficiency were core in both soil and water Mycobacterium communities. A reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis was identified in water, with up to 7.3×102 genome equivalents per ml. Elevation, temperature, habitat and vegetation type were important predictors of both soil and water Mycobacterium communities. These results represent the first step in understanding the potential risk of exposure to environmental mycobacteria that may undermine efforts to reduce disease incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley C. King
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Tanya Khera-Butler
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip James
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Brian B. Oakley
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Girume Erenso
- St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), ALERT Campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), ALERT Campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Computer Science, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | - Orin Courtenay
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Bruffaerts N, Vluggen C, Roupie V, Duytschaever L, Van den Poel C, Denoël J, Wattiez R, Letesson JJ, Fretin D, Rigouts L, Chapeira O, Mathys V, Saegerman C, Huygen K. Virulence and immunogenicity of genetically defined human and porcine isolates of M. avium subsp. hominissuis in an experimental mouse infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171895. [PMID: 28182785 PMCID: PMC5300754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (Mah) represents a health concern for humans and to a lesser extent for pigs, but its zoonotic potential remains elusive. Using multispacer sequence typing (MST) we previously identified 49 different genotypes of Mah among Belgian clinical and porcine isolates, with 5 MSTs shared by both hosts. Using experimental intranasal infection of BALB/c mice, we compared the virulence and immunogenicity of porcine and clinical human isolates with shared genotype or with a genotype only found in humans or pigs. Bacterial replication was monitored for 20 weeks in lungs, spleen and liver and mycobacteria specific spleen cell IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-17 production as well as serum antibody responses were analyzed. Isolates varied in virulence, with human and porcine isolates sharing MST22 genotype showing a thousand fold higher bacterial replication in lungs and more dissemination to spleen and liver than the human and porcine MST91 isolates. Virulent MST22 type was also associated with progressive suppression of IFN-γ and IL-17 responses, and increased IL-10 production. Whole genome sequencing of the two virulent isolates with MST22 genotype and two avirulent isolates of genotype MST91 and comparison with two well-studied M. avium subsp. hominissuis reference strains i.e. Mah 104 and Mah TH135, identified in the two MST22 isolates nine specific virulence factors of the mammalian cell entry family, that were identical with Mah 104 strain. Despite the obvious limitations of the mouse model, a striking link of virulence and identity at the genome level of porcine and human isolates with the same multisequence type, for which no correlation of place of residence (humans) or farm of origin (pigs) was observed, seems to point to the existence in the environment of certain genotypes of Mah which may be more infectious both for humans and pigs than other genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bruffaerts
- Service Immunology, Operational Direction Communicable and infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail: (NB); (KH)
| | - Christelle Vluggen
- Service Bacterial diseases, Operational Direction Communicable and infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Roupie
- Unit Bacterial Zoonoses of livestock, Operational Direction Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucille Duytschaever
- Unit Bacterial Zoonoses of livestock, Operational Direction Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium
- Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to Veterinary Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, Université of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van den Poel
- Service Immunology, Operational Direction Communicable and infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joseph Denoël
- Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to Veterinary Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, Université of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Service Protéomique et Microbiologie, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Letesson
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - David Fretin
- Unit Bacterial Zoonoses of livestock, Operational Direction Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leen Rigouts
- Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Unit Mycobacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Vanessa Mathys
- Service Bacterial diseases, Operational Direction Communicable and infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to Veterinary Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, Université of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Kris Huygen
- Service Immunology, Operational Direction Communicable and infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail: (NB); (KH)
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Honda JR, Hasan NA, Davidson RM, Williams MD, Epperson LE, Reynolds PR, Smith T, Iakhiaeva E, Bankowski MJ, Wallace RJ, Chan ED, Falkinham JO, Strong M. Environmental Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in the Hawaiian Islands. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005068. [PMID: 27780201 PMCID: PMC5079566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is an emerging infectious disease of global significance. Epidemiologic studies have shown the Hawaiian Islands have the highest prevalence of NTM lung infections in the United States. However, potential environmental reservoirs and species diversity have not been characterized. In this cross-sectional study, we describe molecular and phylogenetic comparisons of NTM isolated from 172 household plumbing biofilms and soil samples from 62 non-patient households and 15 respiratory specimens. Although non-uniform geographic sampling and availability of patient information were limitations, Mycobacterium chimaera was found to be the dominant species in both environmental and respiratory specimens. In contrast to previous studies from the continental U.S., no Mycobacterium avium was identified. Mycobacterium intracellulare was found only in respiratory specimens and a soil sample. We conclude that Hawai’i’s household water sources contain a unique composition of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), increasing our appreciation of NTM organisms of pulmonary importance in tropical environments. In the U.S., the Hawaiian Islands have the highest number of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease cases per capita. The tropical climate, geographical isolation of the islands, and aquifer water sources may have influence such prevalence. Previous studies suggest that NTM thrive in water biofilms and soil. To broaden our understanding of potential environmental reservoirs and species composition of NTM in the Hawaiian Islands, we sampled environmental sites and examined patient isolates. Our recovery and identification of Mycobacterium chimaera and several other clinically relevant NTM species and the absence of Mycobacterium avium in both the indigenous environment and clinical specimens underscore the need for further studies to define the environmental factors that drive NTM lung disease and species composition in high prevalence locations such as the Hawaiian Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Honda
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States Of America
- Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, United States Of America
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States Of America
- * E-mail: , )
| | - Nabeeh A. Hasan
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States Of America
| | | | | | | | - Paul R. Reynolds
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States Of America
| | - Terry Smith
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States Of America
| | - Elena Iakhiaeva
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States Of America
| | - Matthew J. Bankowski
- Diagnostic Laboratory Services Inc., Aiea, Hawai’i, United States Of America
- Departments of Pathology and Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, the University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States Of America
| | - Richard J. Wallace
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States Of America
| | - Edward D. Chan
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States Of America
- Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, United States Of America
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States Of America
| | | | - Michael Strong
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States Of America
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States Of America
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Flores VDC, Siqueira FDS, Mizdal CR, Bonez PC, Agertt VA, Stefanello ST, Rossi GG, Campos MMAD. Antibiofilm effect of antimicrobials used in the therapy of mycobacteriosis. Microb Pathog 2016; 99:229-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Avian Mycobacteriosis: Still Existing Threat to Humans. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4387461. [PMID: 27556033 PMCID: PMC4983314 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4387461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The nontuberculous mycobacteria are typically environmental organisms residing in soil and water. These microorganisms can cause a wide range of clinical diseases; pulmonary disease is most frequent, followed by lymphadenitis in children, skin and soft tissue disease, and rare extra pulmonary or disseminated infections. Mycobacterium avium complex is the second most common cause of pulmonary mycobacterioses after M. tuberculosis. This review covers the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of infection caused by the members of this complex and particularities for the treatment of different disease types and patient populations.
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40
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Vluggen C, Soetaert K, Duytschaever L, Denoël J, Fauville-Dufaux M, Smeets F, Bruffaerts N, Huygen K, Fretin D, Rigouts L, Saegerman C, Mathys V. Genotyping and strain distribution of Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis isolated from humans and pigs in Belgium, 2011-2013. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:30111. [PMID: 26835872 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.3.30111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium represents a health concern for both humans and pigs. The characterisation of its subspecies is an important step improving the understanding of the epidemiology and the control of this pathogen. Ninety-two human M. avium strains were selected for a retrospective study. Subspecies determination by rpoB sequencing and IS1245/IS901 analysis showed that 98.9% of Belgian human M. avium strains belong to the subspecies hominissuis (MAH). Some of these MAH strains present particular IS1245/IS901 profiles (absence of IS1245 and false IS901 detection provoked by the presence of ISMav6). In addition, 54 MAH strains isolated from submandibular lymph nodes of Belgian pigs with lymphadenitis were included in this study. Genotyping of human and porcine isolates was performed using multispacer sequence typing (MST). In total, 49 different MST types were identified among pig (n = 11) and human (n = 43) MA isolates, with only five shared by both hosts. Among these MST types, 34 were newly identified. Our findings demonstrate the extensive genetic diversity among MAH isolates. Some genotypes were more prevalent in human or pigs but no correlation was observed between MST type and place of residence or the farm of origin for human and porcine isolates respectively, suggesting an environmental source of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Vluggen
- Bacterial Diseases Service, Operational Direction Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium
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Isolation of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from the Environment of Ghanian Communities Where Buruli Ulcer Is Endemic. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4320-4329. [PMID: 27208141 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01002-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aimed to isolate nontuberculous mycobacterial species from environmental samples obtained from some selected communities in Ghana. To optimize decontamination, spiked environmental samples were used to evaluate four decontamination solutions and supplemented media, after which the best decontamination solution and media were used for the actual analysis. The isolates obtained were identified on the basis of specific genetic sequences, including heat shock protein 65, IS2404, IS2606, rpoB, and the ketoreductase gene, as needed. Among the methods evaluated, decontamination with 1 M NaOH followed by 5% oxalic acid gave the highest rate of recovery of mycobacteria (50.0%) and the lowest rate of contamination (15.6%). The cultivation medium that supported the highest rate of recovery of mycobacteria was polymyxin B-amphotericin B-nalidixic acid-trimethoprim-azlocillin-supplemented medium (34.4%), followed by isoniazid-supplemented medium (28.1%). Among the 139 samples cultivated in the main analysis, 58 (41.7%) yielded mycobacterial growth, 70 (50.4%) had no growth, and 11 (7.9%) had all inoculated tubes contaminated. A total of 25 different mycobacterial species were identified. Fifteen species (60%) were slowly growing (e.g., Mycobacterium ulcerans, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium mantenii, and Mycobacterium malmoense), and 10 (40%) were rapidly growing (e.g., Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium fortuitum, and Mycobacterium abscessus). The occurrence of mycobacterial species in the various environmental samples analyzed was as follows: soil, 16 species (43.2%); vegetation, 14 species (38.0%); water, 3 species (8.0%); moss, 2 species (5.4%); snail, 1 species (2.7%); fungi, 1 species (2.7%). This study is the first to report on the isolation of M. ulcerans and other medically relevant nontuberculous mycobacteria from different environmental sources in Ghana. IMPORTANCE Diseases caused by mycobacterial species other than those that cause tuberculosis and leprosy are increasing. Control is difficult because the current understanding of how the organisms are spread and where they live in the environment is limited, although this information is needed to design preventive measures. Growing these organisms from the environment is also difficult, because the culture medium becomes overgrown with other bacteria that also live in the environment, such as in soil and water. We aimed to improve the methods for growing these organisms from environmental sources, such as soil and water samples, for better understanding of important mycobacterial ecology.
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Kalvisa A, Tsirogiannis C, Silamikelis I, Skenders G, Broka L, Zirnitis A, Jansone I, Ranka R. MIRU-VNTR genotype diversity and indications of homoplasy in M. avium strains isolated from humans and slaughter pigs in Latvia. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 43:15-21. [PMID: 27178993 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Diseases which are caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are an increasing problem in the developed countries. In Latvia, one of the most clinically important members of NTM is Mycobacterium avium (M. avium), an opportunistic pathogen which has been isolated from several lung disease patients and tissue samples of slaughter pigs. This study was designed to characterize the genetic diversity of the M. avium isolates in Latvia and to compare the distribution of genotypic patterns among humans and pigs. Eleven (Hall and Salipante, 2010) clinical M. avium samples, isolated from patients of Center of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (years 2003-2010), and 32 isolates from pig necrotic mesenterial lymph nodes in different regions (years 2003-2007) were analyzed. The majority (42 of 43) of samples were identified as M. avium subsp. hominissuis; one porcine isolate belonged to M. avium subsp. avium. MIRU-VNTR genotyping revealed 13 distinct genotypes, among which nine genotype patterns, including M. avium subsp. avium isolate, were newly identified. IS1245 RFLP fingerprinting of 25 M. avium subsp. hominissuis samples yielded 17 different IS1245 RFLP patterns, allowing an efficient discrimination of isolates. Clusters of identical RFLP profiles were observed within host species, geographical locations and time frame of several years. Additional in silico analysis on simulated MIRU-VNTR genotype population datasets showed that the MIRU-VNTR pattern similarity could partly arise due to probabilistic increase of acquiring homoplasy among subpopulations, thus the similar MIRU-VNTR profiles of M. avium strains even in close geographical proximity should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrija Kalvisa
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre (LV BMC), Riga, Latvia; Riga Stradins University (RSU), Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | - Girts Skenders
- Riga East University Hospital, Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Center, Latvia
| | - Lonija Broka
- Riga East University Hospital, Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Center, Latvia
| | - Agris Zirnitis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Agriculture, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Inta Jansone
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre (LV BMC), Riga, Latvia
| | - Renate Ranka
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre (LV BMC), Riga, Latvia; Riga Stradins University (RSU), Riga, Latvia.
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Dovriki E, Gerogianni I, Petinaki E, Hadjichristodoulou C, Papaioannou A, Gourgoulianis K. Isolation and identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria from hospitalized patients and drinking water samples--examination of their correlation by chemometrics. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:247. [PMID: 27021690 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been found to be widely dispersed in the environment and are being considered potentially pathogenic for humans and animals, while reports of their human to human transmission are absent. Water and aerosols are potential transmission modes of NTM to humans. Hospitalized patients with NTM infections were studied together with drinking water samples from their respective residence areas during 2003-2013. Cluster analysis and factor analysis were used to analyze the data matrix. A total of 367 hospitalized patients living in 30 localities in the Prefecture of Larissa were tested positive for NTM. The most frequently isolated NTM species of the 383 NTM isolates from the clinical specimens were Mycobacterium fortuitum (n = 118, 30.8 %), M. gordonae (n = 87, 22.7 %), M. peregrinum (n = 46, 12.0 %), M. chelonae (n = 11, 2.9 %), M. avium (n = 8, 2.1 %), and M. intracellulare (n = 7, 1.8 %), while 88 (23.0 %) of these isolates were not identified. It is noted that in 8 patients, M. tuberculosis was isolated simultaneously with one NTM, in 15 patients, together with two types of NTM, while in 1 patient, it was found at the same time as three different NTM. In addition, 3360 drinking water samples were collected from 30 localities and analyzed during 2010 to 2013; they were found 11.2 % NTM positive. Cluster analysis and factor analysis results confirm that NTM strains are correlated to each other in both isolated samples from patients and drinking water, while the strength of their correlation varied from weak to moderate (e.g., factor loadings ranged from 0.69 to 0.74 when all data are considered). These results provide indications that drinking water could be linked with NTM cases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Dovriki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Irini Gerogianni
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efi Petinaki
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Agelos Papaioannou
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Technological Education Institution of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Kostas Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals a Possible Novel Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterium Species with High Pathogenic Potential. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150413. [PMID: 27035710 PMCID: PMC4818103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria have been reported to cause a wide range of human diseases. We present the first whole-genome study of a Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterium, Mycobacterium sp. UM_CSW (referred to hereafter as UM_CSW), isolated from a patient diagnosed with bronchiectasis. Our data suggest that this clinical isolate is likely a novel mycobacterial species, supported by clear evidence from molecular phylogenetic, comparative genomic, ANI and AAI analyses. UM_CSW is closely related to the Mycobacterium avium complex. While it has characteristic features of an environmental bacterium, it also shows a high pathogenic potential with the presence of a wide variety of putative genes related to bacterial virulence and shares very similar pathogenomic profiles with the known pathogenic mycobacterial species. Thus, we conclude that this possible novel Mycobacterium species should be tightly monitored for its possible causative role in human infections.
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Abe J, Alop-Mabuti A, Burger P, Button J, Ellsberry M, Hitzeman J, Morgenstern D, Nunies K, Strother M, Darling-Munson J, Chan YL, Cassady R, Vasconcellos SMK, Iseman MD, Chan ED, Honda JR. Comparing the temporal colonization and microbial diversity of showerhead biofilms in Hawai'i and Colorado. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw005. [PMID: 26764424 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The household is a potential source of opportunistic pathogens to humans, a particularly critical issue for immunodeficient individuals. An important human-microbe interface is the biofilm that develops on showerhead surfaces. Once microbe-laden biofilms become aerosolized, they can potentially be inhaled into the lungs. Understanding how quickly a new showerhead becomes colonized would provide useful information to minimize exposure to potentially pathogenic environmental microbes. High school scientists sampled the inner surfaces of pre-existing and newly fitted showerheads monthly over a nine-month period and applied standard microbiologic culture techniques to qualitatively assess microbial growth. Water chemistry was also monitored using commercial test strips. Sampling was performed in households on Oahu, Hawai'i and Denver, Colorado, representing warm/humid and cold/arid environments, respectively. Pre-existing showerheads in Hawai'i showed more diverse microbial growth and significantly greater microbial numbers than a comparable showerhead from Colorado. New, chrome-plated or plastic showerheads in Hawai'i showed diverse and abundant growth one month after installment compared to new showerheads from Colorado. The pH, total chlorine and water hardness levels varied significantly between the Hawai'i and Colorado samples. Enthusiastic student and teacher participation allowed us to answer long-standing questions regarding the temporal colonization of microbial biofilms on pre-existing and new showerhead surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kasey Nunies
- Island Pacific Academy, Kapolei, Hawai'i 96707, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edward D Chan
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO 80220, USA
| | - Jennifer R Honda
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO 80220, USA
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Delfosse VC, Tasat DR, Gioffré AK. In vivo short-term exposure to residual oil fly ash impairs pulmonary innate immune response against environmental mycobacterium infection. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:589-596. [PMID: 25915594 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that pollution derived from industrial and vehicular transportation induces adverse health effects causing broad ambient respiratory diseases. Therefore, air pollution should be taken into account when microbial diseases are evaluated. Environmental mycobacteria (EM) are opportunist pathogens that can affect a variety of immune compromised patients, which impacts significantly on human morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) pre-exposure on the pulmonary response after challenge with opportunistic mycobacteria by means of an acute short-term in vivo experimental animal model. We exposed BALB/c mice to ROFA and observed a significant reduction on bacterial clearance at 24 h post infection. To study the basis of this impaired response four groups of animals were instilled with (a) saline solution (Control), (b) ROFA (1 mg kg(-1) BW), (c) ROFA and EM-infected (Mycobacterium phlei, 8 × 10(6) CFU), and (d) EM-infected. Animals were sacrificed 24 h postinfection and biomarkers of lung injury and proinflammatory madiators were examined in the bronchoalveolar lavage. Our results indicate that ROFA was able to produce an acute pulmonary injury characterized by an increase in bronchoalveolar polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells influx and a rise in O2 (-) generation. Exposure to ROFA before M. phlei infection reduced total cell number and caused a significant decline in PMN cells recruitment (p < 0.05), O2 (-) generation, TNFα (p < 0.001), and IL-6 (p < 0.001) levels. Hence, our results suggest that, in this animal model, the acute short-term pre-exposure to ROFA reduces early lung response to EM infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica C Delfosse
- School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, Center of Studies in Health and Environment, Martín de Irigoyen 3100, San Martín, 1653, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Biotechnology Institute, CICVyA-INTA, N. Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n, B1712 WAA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Velayati AA, Rahideh S, Nezhad ZD, Farnia P, Mirsaeidi M. Nontuberculous mycobacteria in Middle East: Current situation and future challenges. Int J Mycobacteriol 2015; 4:7-17. [PMID: 26655192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a diverse group of bacterial species that are distributed in the environment. Many of these environmental bacteria can cause disease in humans. The identification of NTM in environmental sources is important for both clinical and epidemiological purposes. In this study, the distribution of NTM species from environmental and clinical samples in the Middle East was reviewed. In order to provide an overview of NTM, as well as recent epidemiological trends, all studies addressing NTM in the Middle East from 1984 to 2014 were reviewed. A total of 96 articles were found, in which 1751 NTM strains were isolated and 1084 of which were obtained from clinical samples, 619 from environmental samples and 48 were cited by case reports. Mycobacterium fortuitum was the most common rapid growing mycobacteria (RGM) isolated from both clinical (269 out of 447 RGM; 60.1%) and environmental (135 out of 289 RGM; 46.7%) samples. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) was the most common slow growing mycobacteria (SGM) isolated from clinical samples (140 out of 637 SGM; 21.9%). An increasing trend in NTM isolation from the Middle East was noted over the last 5years. This review demonstrates the increasing concern regarding NTM disease in the Middle East, emphasizing the need for regional collaboration and coordination in order to respond appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Velayati
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Rahideh
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Derakhshani Nezhad
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parissa Farnia
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
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Comparative analyses of nonpathogenic, opportunistic, and totally pathogenic mycobacteria reveal genomic and biochemical variabilities and highlight the survival attributes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. mBio 2014; 5:e02020. [PMID: 25370496 PMCID: PMC4222108 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02020-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial evolution involves various processes, such as genome reduction, gene cooption, and critical gene acquisition. Our comparative genome size analysis of 44 mycobacterial genomes revealed that the nonpathogenic (NP) genomes were bigger than those of opportunistic (OP) or totally pathogenic (TP) mycobacteria, with the TP genomes being smaller yet variable in size—their genomic plasticity reflected their ability to evolve and survive under various environmental conditions. From the 44 mycobacterial species, 13 species, representing TP, OP, and NP, were selected for genomic-relatedness analyses. Analysis of homologous protein-coding genes shared between Mycobacterium indicus pranii (NP), Mycobacterium intracellulare ATCC 13950 (OP), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (TP) revealed that 4,995 (i.e., ~95%) M. indicaus pranii proteins have homology with M. intracellulare, whereas the homologies among M. indicus pranii, M. intracellulare ATCC 13950, and M. tuberculosis H37Rv were significantly lower. A total of 4,153 (~79%) M. indicus pranii proteins and 4,093 (~79%) M. intracellulare ATCC 13950 proteins exhibited homology with the M. tuberculosis H37Rv proteome, while 3,301 (~82%) and 3,295 (~82%) M. tuberculosis H37Rv proteins showed homology with M. indicus pranii and M. intracellulare ATCC 13950 proteomes, respectively. Comparative metabolic pathway analyses of TP/OP/NP mycobacteria showed enzymatic plasticity between M. indicus pranii (NP) and M. intracellulare ATCC 13950 (OP), Mycobacterium avium 104 (OP), and M. tuberculosis H37Rv (TP). Mycobacterium tuberculosis seems to have acquired novel alternate pathways with possible roles in metabolism, host-pathogen interactions, virulence, and intracellular survival, and by implication some of these could be potential drug targets. The complete sequence analysis of Mycobacterium indicus pranii, a novel species of Mycobacterium shown earlier to have strong immunomodulatory properties and currently in use for the treatment of leprosy, places it evolutionarily at the point of transition to pathogenicity. With the purpose of establishing the importance of M. indicus pranii in providing insight into the virulence mechanism of tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacteria, we carried out comparative genomic and proteomic analyses of 44 mycobacterial species representing nonpathogenic (NP), opportunistic (OP), and totally pathogenic (TP) mycobacteria. Our results clearly placed M. indicus pranii as an ancestor of the M. avium complex. Analyses of comparative metabolic pathways between M. indicus pranii (NP), M. tuberculosis (TP), and M. intracellulare (OP) pointed to the presence of novel alternative pathways in M. tuberculosis with implications for pathogenesis and survival in the human host and identification of new drug targets.
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Highlight on advances in nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in North America. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:919474. [PMID: 25574470 PMCID: PMC4177089 DOI: 10.1155/2014/919474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment and exist as an important cause of pulmonary infections in humans. Pulmonary involvement is the most common disease manifestation of NTM and the incidence of NTM is growing in North America. Susceptibility to NTM infection is incompletely understood; therefore preventative tools are not well defined. Treatment of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection is difficult and entails multiple antibiotics and an extended treatment course. Also, there is a considerable variation in treatment management that should be considered before initiating treatment. We highlight the new findings in the epidemiology diagnosis and treatment of mycobacterial infections. We debate new advances regarding NTM infection in cystic fibrosis patients and solid organ transplant recipients. Finally, we introduce a new epidemiologic model for NTM disease based on virulence-exposure-host factors.
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50
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Liu G, Wang GR, Yu X, Liang Q, Mu J, Shang YY, Ling Y, Zhang HQ, Zheng SH, Huang HR. Bacteriological characterization of a Mycobacterium parascrofulaceum strain isolated from a Chinese pneumonia patient. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 25:82-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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