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Friess D, Brauer S, Pöysti A, Choudhury C, Harris L. Tools to study neural and glioma stem cell quiescence. Trends Neurosci 2024:S0166-2236(24)00129-2. [PMID: 39191628 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Quiescence is a prolonged but reversible state of cell-cycle arrest that is an adaptive feature of most adult stem cell populations. In the brain, quiescence helps to protect adult neural stem cells from stress and supports lifelong neurogenesis. Unfortunately however, entry into a quiescent or a slow-cycling state is also a malignant feature of brain cancer stem cells. In glioblastoma, where the process has been best characterised, quiescent glioma stem cells preferentially survive chemoradiation, and after therapy, reactivate to regrow the tumour and drive recurrence. In this Review, we discuss the in vitro and in vivo models that have been developed for studying neural stem cell quiescence and how these tools may be used to deepen biological understanding and to develop novel therapies targeting quiescent glioma stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Friess
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, School of Biomedical Sciences, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Stephanie Brauer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Anni Pöysti
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, WC1E 6DD London, UK
| | - Chandra Choudhury
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, School of Biomedical Sciences, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Lachlan Harris
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, School of Biomedical Sciences, QLD, 4067, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, QLD, 4059, Australia.
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2
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Messé M, Bernhard C, Foppolo S, Thomas L, Marchand P, Herold-Mende C, Idbaih A, Kessler H, Etienne-Selloum N, Ochoa C, Tambar UK, Elati M, Laquerriere P, Entz-Werle N, Martin S, Reita D, Dontenwill M. Hypoxia-driven heterogeneous expression of α5 integrin in glioblastoma stem cells is linked to HIF-2α. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167471. [PMID: 39154793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite numerous molecular targeted therapies tested in glioblastoma (GBM), no significant progress in patient survival has been achieved in the last 20 years in the overall population of GBM patients except with TTfield setup associated with the standard of care chemoradiotherapy. Therapy resistance is associated with target expression heterogeneity and plasticity between tumors and in tumor niches. We focused on α5 integrin implicated in aggressive GBM in preclinical and clinical samples. To address the characteristics of α5 integrin heterogeneity we started with patient data indicating that elevated levels of its mRNA are related to hypoxia pathways. We turned on glioma stem cells which are considered at the apex of tumor formation and recurrence but also as they localize in hypoxic niches. We demonstrated that α5 integrin expression is stem cell line dependent and is modulated positively by hypoxia in vitro. Importantly, heterogeneity of expression is conserved in in vivo stem cell-derived mice xenografts. In hypoxic niches, HIF-2α is preferentially implicated in α5 integrin expression which confers migratory capacity to GBM stem cells. Hence combining HIF-2α and α5 integrin inhibitors resulted in proliferation and migration impairment of α5 integrin expressing cells. Stabilization of HIF-2α is however not sufficient to control integrin α5 expression. Our results show that AHR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) expression is inversely related to HIF-2α and α5 integrin expressions suggesting a functional competition between the two transcription factors. Collectively, data confirm the high heterogeneity of a GBM therapeutic target, its induction in hypoxic niches by HIF-2α and suggest a new way to attack molecularly defined GBM stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Messé
- UMR7021 CNRS, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Illkirch, France; UMR7178 CNRS, Hubert Curien Multidisciplinary Institute, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Chloé Bernhard
- UMR7021 CNRS, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Illkirch, France
| | - Sophie Foppolo
- UMR7021 CNRS, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Illkirch, France
| | - Lionel Thomas
- UMR7178 CNRS, Hubert Curien Multidisciplinary Institute, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrice Marchand
- UMR7178 CNRS, Hubert Curien Multidisciplinary Institute, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study, Department Chemie, Technical University Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Nelly Etienne-Selloum
- UMR7021 CNRS, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Illkirch, France; Pharmacy department, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Charles Ochoa
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, United States
| | - Uttam K Tambar
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, United States
| | - Mohamed Elati
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Patrice Laquerriere
- UMR7178 CNRS, Hubert Curien Multidisciplinary Institute, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Natacha Entz-Werle
- UMR7021 CNRS, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Illkirch, France; Pédiatrie Onco-Hématologie-Pédiatrie III, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- UMR7021 CNRS, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Illkirch, France
| | - Damien Reita
- UMR7021 CNRS, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Illkirch, France; Department of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Monique Dontenwill
- UMR7021 CNRS, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Illkirch, France.
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3
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Zhang Y, Hudson K, Abounader R. Unraveling the hypoxic puzzle: LncRNA LUCAT1 drives glioblastoma in cooperation with HIF1α. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:1402-1404. [PMID: 38769725 PMCID: PMC11299999 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kadie Hudson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Roger Abounader
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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4
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Huang H, Shah H, Hao J, Lin J, Prayson RA, Xie L, Bao S, Chakraborty AA, Jankowsky E, Zhao J, Yu JS. Long non-coding RNA lung cancer-associated transcript-1 promotes glioblastoma progression by enhancing Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha activity. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:1388-1401. [PMID: 38456228 PMCID: PMC11300024 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is associated with poor prognosis in many cancers including glioblastoma (GBM). Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) often reside in hypoxic regions and serve as reservoirs for disease progression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in GBM. However, the lncRNAs that modulate GSC adaptations to hypoxia are poorly understood. Identification of these lncRNAs may provide new therapeutic strategies to target GSCs under hypoxia. METHODS lncRNAs induced by hypoxia in GSCs were identified by RNA-seq. Lung cancer-associated transcript-1 (LUCAT1) expression was assessed by qPCR, RNA-seq, Northern blot, single molecule FISH in GSCs, and interrogated in IvyGAP, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and CGGA databases. LUCAT1 was depleted by shRNA, CRISPR/Cas9, and CRISPR/Cas13d. RNA-seq, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, co-IP, ChIP, ChIP-seq, RNA immunoprecipitation, and proximity ligation assay were performed to investigate mechanisms of action of LUCAT1. GSC viability, limiting dilution assay, and tumorigenic potential in orthotopic GBM xenograft models were performed to assess the functional consequences of depleting LUCAT1. RESULTS A new isoform of Lucat1 is induced by Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in GSCs under hypoxia. LUCAT1 is highly expressed in hypoxic regions in GBM. Mechanistically, LUCAT1 formed a complex with HIF1α and its co-activator CBP to regulate HIF1α target gene expression and GSC adaptation to hypoxia. Depletion of LUCAT1 impaired GSC self-renewal. Silencing LUCAT1 decreased tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival in GBM xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS A HIF1α-LUCAT1 axis forms a positive feedback loop to amplify HIF1α signaling in GSCs under hypoxia. LUCAT1 promotes GSC self-renewal and GBM tumor growth. LUCAT1 is a potential therapeutic target in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hariti Shah
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jianhong Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard A Prayson
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Liangqi Xie
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Abhishek A Chakraborty
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eckhard Jankowsky
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics and Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics and Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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5
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González-Buenfil R, Vieyra-Sánchez S, Quinto-Cortés CD, Oppenheimer SJ, Pomat W, Laman M, Cervantes-Hernández MC, Barberena-Jonas C, Auckland K, Allen A, Allen S, Phipps ME, Huerta-Sanchez E, Ioannidis AG, Mentzer AJ, Moreno-Estrada A. Genetic Signatures of Positive Selection in Human Populations Adapted to High Altitude in Papua New Guinea. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae161. [PMID: 39173139 PMCID: PMC11339866 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Papua New Guinea (PNG) hosts distinct environments mainly represented by the ecoregions of the Highlands and Lowlands that display increased altitude and a predominance of pathogens, respectively. Since its initial peopling approximately 50,000 years ago, inhabitants of these ecoregions might have differentially adapted to the environmental pressures exerted by each of them. However, the genetic basis of adaptation in populations from these areas remains understudied. Here, we investigated signals of positive selection in 62 highlanders and 43 lowlanders across 14 locations in the main island of PNG using whole-genome genotype data from the Oceanian Genome Variation Project (OGVP) and searched for signals of positive selection through population differentiation and haplotype-based selection scans. Additionally, we performed archaic ancestry estimation to detect selection signals in highlanders within introgressed regions of the genome. Among highland populations we identified candidate genes representing known biomarkers for mountain sickness (SAA4, SAA1, PRDX1, LDHA) as well as candidate genes of the Notch signaling pathway (PSEN1, NUMB, RBPJ, MAML3), a novel proposed pathway for high altitude adaptation in multiple organisms. We also identified candidate genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiogenesis, processes inducible by hypoxia, as well as in components of the eye lens and the immune response. In contrast, candidate genes in the lowlands are mainly related to the immune response (HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQA2, TAAR6, TAAR9, TAAR8, RNASE4, RNASE6, ANG). Moreover, we find two candidate regions to be also enriched with archaic introgressed segments, suggesting that archaic admixture has played a role in the local adaptation of PNG populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram González-Buenfil
- Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Sofía Vieyra-Sánchez
- Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Consuelo D Quinto-Cortés
- Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - William Pomat
- Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Moses Laman
- Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Mayté C Cervantes-Hernández
- Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Carmina Barberena-Jonas
- Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Angela Allen
- Department of Molecular Haematology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Stephen Allen
- Department of Clinical Sciences,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Maude E Phipps
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Emilia Huerta-Sanchez
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Alexander G Ioannidis
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrés Moreno-Estrada
- Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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6
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Agosti E, Antonietti S, Ius T, Fontanella MM, Zeppieri M, Panciani PP. Glioma Stem Cells as Promoter of Glioma Progression: A Systematic Review of Molecular Pathways and Targeted Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7979. [PMID: 39063221 PMCID: PMC11276876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas' aggressive nature and resistance to therapy make them a major problem in oncology. Gliomas continue to have dismal prognoses despite significant advancements in medical science, and traditional treatments like surgery, radiation (RT), and chemotherapy (CT) frequently prove to be ineffective. After glioma stem cells (GSCs) were discovered, the traditional view of gliomas as homogeneous masses changed. GSCs are essential for tumor growth, treatment resistance, and recurrence. These cells' distinct capacities for differentiation and self-renewal are changing our knowledge of the biology of gliomas. This systematic literature review aims to uncover the molecular mechanisms driving glioma progression associated with GSCs. The systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines, with a thorough literature search conducted on PubMed, Ovid MED-LINE, and Ovid EMBASE. The first literature search was performed on 1 March 2024, and the search was updated on 15 May 2024. Employing MeSH terms and Boolean operators, the search focused on molecular mechanisms associated with GCSs-mediated glioma progression. Inclusion criteria encompassed English language studies, preclinical studies, and clinical trials. A number of 957 papers were initially identified, of which 65 studies spanning from 2005 to 2024 were finally included in the review. The main GSC model distribution is arranged in decreasing order of frequency: U87: 20 studies (32.0%); U251: 13 studies (20.0%); A172: 4 studies (6.2%); and T98G: 2 studies (3.17%). From most to least frequent, the distribution of the primary GSC pathway is as follows: Notch: 8 studies (12.3%); STAT3: 6 studies (9.2%); Wnt/β-catenin: 6 studies (9.2%); HIF: 5 studies (7.7%); and PI3K/AKT: 4 studies (6.2%). The distribution of molecular effects, from most to least common, is as follows: inhibition of differentiation: 22 studies (33.8%); increased proliferation: 18 studies (27.7%); enhanced invasive ability: 15 studies (23.1%); increased self-renewal: 5 studies (7.7%); and inhibition of apoptosis: 3 studies (4.6%). This work highlights GSC heterogeneity and the dynamic interplay within the glioblastoma microenvironment, underscoring the need for a tailored approach. A few key pathways influencing GSC behavior are JAK/STAT3, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and Notch. Therapy may target these pathways. This research urges more study to fill in knowledge gaps in the biology of GSCs and translate findings into useful treatment approaches that could improve GBM patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Agosti
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.A.); (P.P.P.)
| | - Sara Antonietti
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.A.); (P.P.P.)
| | - Tamara Ius
- Neurosurgery Unit, Head-Neck and NeuroScience Department, University Hospital of Udine, p.le S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Maria Fontanella
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.A.); (P.P.P.)
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, p.le S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Panciani
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.A.); (P.P.P.)
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Jiang MQ, Yu SP, Estaba T, Choi E, Berglund K, Gu X, Wei L. Reprogramming Glioblastoma Cells into Non-Cancerous Neuronal Cells as a Novel Anti-Cancer Strategy. Cells 2024; 13:897. [PMID: 38891029 PMCID: PMC11171681 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with a high mortality rate. Direct reprogramming of glial cells to different cell lineages, such as induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) and induced neurons (iNeurons), provides genetic tools to manipulate a cell's fate as a potential therapy for neurological diseases. NeuroD1 (ND1) is a master transcriptional factor for neurogenesis and it promotes neuronal differentiation. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the expression of ND1 in GBM cells can force them to differentiate toward post-mitotic neurons and halt GBM tumor progression. In cultured human GBM cell lines, including LN229, U87, and U373 as temozolomide (TMZ)-sensitive and T98G as TMZ-resistant cells, the neuronal lineage conversion was induced by an adeno-associated virus (AAV) package carrying ND1. Twenty-one days after AAV-ND1 transduction, ND1-expressing cells displayed neuronal markers MAP2, TUJ1, and NeuN. The ND1-induced transdifferentiation was regulated by Wnt signaling and markedly enhanced under a hypoxic condition (2% O2 vs. 21% O2). ND1-expressing GBM cultures had fewer BrdU-positive proliferating cells compared to vector control cultures. Increased cell death was visualized by TUNEL staining, and reduced migrative activity was demonstrated in the wound-healing test after ND1 reprogramming in both TMZ-sensitive and -resistant GBM cells. In a striking contrast to cancer cells, converted cells expressed the anti-tumor gene p53. In an orthotopical GBM mouse model, AAV-ND1-reprogrammed U373 cells were transplanted into the fornix of the cyclosporine-immunocompromised C57BL/6 mouse brain. Compared to control GBM cell-formed tumors, cells from ND1-reprogrammed cultures formed smaller tumors and expressed neuronal markers such as TUJ1 in the brain. Thus, reprogramming using a single-factor ND1 overcame drug resistance, converting malignant cells of heterogeneous GBM cells to normal neuron-like cells in vitro and in vivo. These novel observations warrant further research using patient-derived GBM cells and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models as a potentially effective treatment for a deadly brain cancer and likely other astrocytoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Q. Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA; (M.Q.J.); (T.E.); (E.C.); (X.G.)
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA; (M.Q.J.); (T.E.); (E.C.); (X.G.)
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Takira Estaba
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA; (M.Q.J.); (T.E.); (E.C.); (X.G.)
| | - Emily Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA; (M.Q.J.); (T.E.); (E.C.); (X.G.)
| | - Ken Berglund
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Xiaohuan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA; (M.Q.J.); (T.E.); (E.C.); (X.G.)
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA; (M.Q.J.); (T.E.); (E.C.); (X.G.)
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8
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Chen M, Xiao S, Sun P, Li Y, Xu Z, Wang J. Morusin suppresses the stemness characteristics of gastric cancer cells induced by hypoxic microenvironment through inhibition of HIF-1α accumulation. Toxicon 2024; 241:107675. [PMID: 38432611 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common, life-threatening malignancy that contributes to the global burden of cancer-related mortality, as conventional therapeutic modalities show limited effects on GC. Hence, it is critical to develop novel agents for GC therapy. Morusin, a typical prenylated flavonoid, possesses antitumor effects against various cancers. The present study aimed to demonstrate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of morusin on the stemness characteristics of human GC in vitro under hypoxia and to explore the potential molecular mechanisms. The effects of morusin on cell proliferation and cancer stem cell-like properties of the human GC cell lines SNU-1 and AGS were assessed by MTT assay, colony formation test, qRT-PCR, flow cytometry analysis, and sphere formation test under hypoxia or normoxia condition through in vitro assays. The potential molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of morusin on the stem-cell-like properties of human GC cells in vitro were investigated by qRT-PCR, western blotting assay, and immunofluorescence assay by evaluating the nuclear translocation and expression level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). The results showed that morusin exerted growth inhibitory effects on SNU-1 and AGS cells under hypoxia in vitro. Moreover, the proportions of CD44+/CD24- cells and the sphere formation ability of SNU-1 and AGS reduced in a dose-dependent manner following morusin treatment. The expression levels of stem cell-related genes, namely Nanog, OCT4, SOX2, and HIF-1α, gradually decreased, and the nuclear translocation of the HIF-1α protein was apparently attenuated. HIF-1α overexpression partially reversed the abovementioned effects of morusin. Taken together, morusin could restrain stemness characteristics of GC cells by inhibiting HIF-1α accumulation and nuclear translocation and could serve as a promising compound for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Burn Plastic Surgery, Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu 'er 665000, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Shufeng Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Burn Plastic Surgery, Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu 'er 665000, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Science and Education, Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu 'er 665000, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Yongfu Li
- Department of Science and Education, Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu 'er 665000, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Zhixing Xu
- Department of Neuro surgery, Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu 'er 665000, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Center, Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu 'er 665000, Yunnan Province, China.
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9
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Sojka C, Sloan SA. Gliomas: a reflection of temporal gliogenic principles. Commun Biol 2024; 7:156. [PMID: 38321118 PMCID: PMC10847444 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The hijacking of early developmental programs is a canonical feature of gliomas where neoplastic cells resemble neurodevelopmental lineages and possess mechanisms of stem cell resilience. Given these parallels, uncovering how and when in developmental time gliomagenesis intersects with normal trajectories can greatly inform our understanding of tumor biology. Here, we review how elapsing time impacts the developmental principles of astrocyte (AS) and oligodendrocyte (OL) lineages, and how these same temporal programs are replicated, distorted, or circumvented in pathological settings such as gliomas. Additionally, we discuss how normal gliogenic processes can inform our understanding of the temporal progression of gliomagenesis, including when in developmental time gliomas originate, thrive, and can be pushed towards upon therapeutic coercion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Sojka
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven A Sloan
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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10
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Li H, Song C, Zhang Y, Liu G, Mi H, Li Y, Chen Z, Ma X, Zhang P, Cheng L, Peng P, Zhu H, Chen Z, Dong M, Chen S, Meng H, Xiao Q, Li H, Wu Q, Wang B, Zhang S, Shu K, Wan F, Guo D, Zhou W, Zhou L, Mao F, Rich JN, Yu X. Transgelin Promotes Glioblastoma Stem Cell Hypoxic Responses and Maintenance Through p53 Acetylation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305620. [PMID: 38087889 PMCID: PMC10870072 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal cancer characterized by hypervascularity and necrosis associated with hypoxia. Here, it is found that hypoxia preferentially induces the actin-binding protein, Transgelin (TAGLN), in GBM stem cells (GSCs). Mechanistically, TAGLN regulates HIF1α transcription and stabilizes HDAC2 to deacetylate p53 and maintain GSC self-renewal. To translate these findings into preclinical therapeutic paradigm, it is found that sodium valproate (VPA) is a specific inhibitor of TAGLN/HDAC2 function, with augmented efficacy when combined with natural borneol (NB) in vivo. Thus, TAGLN promotes cancer stem cell survival in hypoxia and informs a novel therapeutic paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Histology and EmbryologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Histology and EmbryologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Histology and EmbryologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Guohao Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Hailong Mi
- Department of Histology and EmbryologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Yachao Li
- Department of Histology and EmbryologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Zhiye Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Po Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Lidong Cheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Zirong Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Minhai Dong
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Sui Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Hao Meng
- Intelligent Pathology InstituteThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230031China
| | - QunGen Xiao
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Histology and EmbryologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Qiulian Wu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA15219USA
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Suojun Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Intelligent Pathology InstituteThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230031China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Histology and EmbryologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA15219USA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Xingjiang Yu
- Department of Histology and EmbryologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
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11
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Xiong Z, Xu X, Zhang Y, Ma C, Hou C, You Z, Shu L, Ke Y, Liu Y. IFITM3 promotes glioblastoma stem cell-mediated angiogenesis via regulating JAK/STAT3/bFGF signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:45. [PMID: 38218875 PMCID: PMC10787840 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) has been previously verified to be an endosomal protein that prevents viral infection. Recent findings suggested IFITM3 as a key factor in tumor invasion and progression. To clarify the role and molecular mechanism of IFITM3 in Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) progression, we investigated the expression of IFITM3 in glioma datasets culled from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). Primary GBM stem cells (GSCs) were cultured and identified in vitro. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments were established by using shRNAs and lentiviral vectors targeting IFITM3. Co-culture system of GSCs and vascular endothelial cells was constructed in a Transwell chamber. Tube formation and spheroid-based angiogenesis assays were performed to determine the angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells. Results revealed that IFITM3 is elevated in GBM samples and predictive of adverse outcome. Mechanistically, GSCs-derived IFITM3 causes activation of Jak2/STAT3 signaling and leads to robust secretion of bFGF into tumor environment, which eventually results in enhanced angiogenesis. Taken together, these evidence indicated IFITM3 as an essential factor in GBM angiogenesis. Our findings provide a new insight into mechanism by which IFITM3 modulates GBM angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangsheng Xiong
- Department of Neuro-oncological Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- Department of Neuro-oncological Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Neuro-oncological Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Ma
- Department of Neuro-oncological Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Chongxian Hou
- Department of Neuro-oncological Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Zhongsheng You
- Department of Neuro-oncological Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Lingling Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China.
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yiquan Ke
- Department of Neuro-oncological Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neuro-oncological Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China.
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12
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Teran Pumar OY, Lathia JD, Watson DC, Bayik D. 'Slicing' glioblastoma drivers with the Swiss cheese model. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:15-27. [PMID: 37625928 PMCID: PMC10840711 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The Swiss cheese model is used to assess risks and explain accidents in a variety of industries. This model can be applied to dissect the homeostatic mechanisms whose cumulative dysregulation contributes to disease states, including cancer. Using glioblastoma (GBM) as an exemplar, we discuss how specific protumorigenic mechanisms collectively drive disease by affecting genomic integrity, epigenetic regulation, metabolic homeostasis, and antitumor immunity. We further highlight how host factors, such as hormonal differences and aging, impact this process, and the interplay between these 'system failures' that enable tumor progression and foster therapeutic resistance. Finally, we examine therapies that consider the interactions between these elements, which may comprise more effective approaches given the multifaceted protumorigenic mechanisms that drive GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Y Teran Pumar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Dionysios C Watson
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Medical Oncology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Defne Bayik
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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13
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Michelucci A, Sforna L, Franciolini F, Catacuzzeno L. Hypoxia, Ion Channels and Glioblastoma Malignancy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1742. [PMID: 38136613 PMCID: PMC10742235 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The malignancy of glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive type of human brain tumor, strongly correlates with the presence of hypoxic areas within the tumor mass. Oxygen levels have been shown to control several critical aspects of tumor aggressiveness, such as migration/invasion and cell death resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. GBM cells express abundant K+ and Cl- channels, whose activity supports cell volume and membrane potential changes, critical for cell proliferation, migration and death. Volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC), which mediate the swelling-activated Cl- current, and the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BK) are both functionally upregulated in GBM cells, where they control different aspects underlying GBM malignancy/aggressiveness. The functional expression/activity of both VRAC and BK channels are under the control of the oxygen levels, and these regulations are involved in the hypoxia-induced GBM cell aggressiveness. The present review will provide a comprehensive overview of the literature supporting the role of these two channels in the hypoxia-mediated GBM malignancy, suggesting them as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Michelucci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (L.S.); (F.F.)
| | | | | | - Luigi Catacuzzeno
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (L.S.); (F.F.)
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14
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Sajid RS, van Winden LJ, Diamandis P. Towards deciphering glioblastoma intra-tumoral heterogeneity: The importance of integrating multidimensional models. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200401. [PMID: 37488996 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and severe form of brain cancer among adults. Its aggressiveness is largely attributed to its complex and heterogeneous biology that despite maximal surgery and multimodal chemoradiation treatment, inevitably recurs. Traditional large-scale profiling approaches have contributed substantially to the understanding of patient-to-patient inter-tumoral differences in GBM. However, it is now clear that biological differences within an individual (intra-tumoral heterogeneity) are also a prominent factor in treatment resistance and recurrence of GBM and will likely require integration of data from multiple recently developed omics platforms to fully unravel. Here we dissect the growing geospatial model of GBM, which layers intra-tumoral heterogeneity on a GBM stem cell (GSC) precursor, single cell, and spatial level. We discuss potential unique and inter-dependant aspects of the model including potential discordances between observed genotypes and phenotypes in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Shahriar Sajid
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lennart J van Winden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Phedias Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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15
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Srivastava R, Dodda M, Zou H, Li X, Hu B. Tumor Niches: Perspectives for Targeted Therapies in Glioblastoma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:904-922. [PMID: 37166370 PMCID: PMC10654996 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal primary brain tumor with a median survival rate of only 15 months and a 5-year survival rate of only 6.8%, remains largely incurable despite the intensive multimodal treatment of surgical resection and radiochemotherapy. Developing effective new therapies is an unmet need for patients with GBM. Recent Advances: Targeted therapies, such as antiangiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy, show great promise in treating GBM based upon increasing knowledge about brain tumor biology. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the plasticity, heterogeneity, and dynamics of tumor cells during GBM development and progression. Critical Issues: While antiangiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy have been highly effective in some types of cancer, the disappointing results from clinical trials represent continued challenges in applying these treatments to GBM. Molecular and cellular heterogeneity of GBM is developed temporally and spatially, which profoundly contributes to therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Future Directions: Deciphering mechanisms of tumor heterogeneity and mapping tumor niche trajectories and functions will provide a foundation for the development of more effective therapies for GBM patients. In this review, we discuss five different tumor niches and the intercellular and intracellular communications among these niches, including the perivascular, hypoxic, invasive, immunosuppressive, and glioma-stem cell niches. We also highlight the cellular and molecular biology of these niches and discuss potential strategies to target these tumor niches for GBM therapy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 904-922.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Srivastava
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghana Dodda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Han Zou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Changsha, China
| | - Baoli Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Murnan KM, Horbinski C, Stegh AH. Redox Homeostasis and Beyond: The Role of Wild-Type Isocitrate Dehydrogenases for the Pathogenesis of Glioblastoma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:923-941. [PMID: 37132598 PMCID: PMC10654994 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Glioblastoma is an aggressive and devastating brain tumor characterized by a dismal prognosis and resistance to therapeutic intervention. To support catabolic processes critical for unabated cellular growth and defend against harmful reactive oxygen species, glioblastoma tumors upregulate the expression of wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs). IDH enzymes catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), NAD(P)H, and CO2. On molecular levels, IDHs epigenetically control gene expression through effects on α-KG-dependent dioxygenases, maintain redox balance, and promote anaplerosis by providing cells with NADPH and precursor substrates for macromolecular synthesis. Recent Advances: While gain-of-function mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 represent one of the most comprehensively studied mechanisms of IDH pathogenic effects, recent studies identified wild-type IDHs as critical regulators of normal organ physiology and, when transcriptionally induced or down regulated, as contributing to glioblastoma progression. Critical Issues: Here, we will discuss molecular mechanisms of how wild-type IDHs control glioma pathogenesis, including the regulation of oxidative stress and de novo lipid biosynthesis, and provide an overview of current and future research directives that aim to fully characterize wild-type IDH-driven metabolic reprogramming and its contribution to the pathogenesis of glioblastoma. Future Directions: Future studies are required to further dissect mechanisms of metabolic and epigenomic reprogramming in tumors and the tumor microenvironment, and to develop pharmacological approaches to inhibit wild-type IDH function. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 923-941.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Murnan
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexander H. Stegh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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17
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Garimella SV, Gampa SC, Chaturvedi P. Mitochondria in Cancer Stem Cells: From an Innocent Bystander to a Central Player in Therapy Resistance. Stem Cells Cloning 2023; 16:19-41. [PMID: 37641714 PMCID: PMC10460581 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s417842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to rank among the world's leading causes of mortality despite advancements in treatment. Cancer stem cells, which can self-renew, are present in low abundance and contribute significantly to tumor recurrence, tumorigenicity, and drug resistance to various therapies. The drug resistance observed in cancer stem cells is attributed to several factors, such as cellular quiescence, dormancy, elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, apoptosis evasion mechanisms, high expression of drug efflux pumps, protective vascular niche, enhanced DNA damage response, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, hypoxic stability, and stemness-related signaling pathways. Multiple studies have shown that mitochondria play a pivotal role in conferring drug resistance to cancer stem cells, through mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism, and dynamics. A better understanding of how mitochondria contribute to tumorigenesis, heterogeneity, and drug resistance could lead to the development of innovative cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sireesha V Garimella
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India
| | - Siri Chandana Gampa
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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18
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Tumber A, Salah E, Brewitz L, Corner TP, Schofield CJ. Kinetic and inhibition studies on human Jumonji-C (JmjC) domain-containing protein 5. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:399-413. [PMID: 37292060 PMCID: PMC10246557 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00249c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Jumonji-C (JmjC) domain-containing protein 5 (JMJD5) is a human 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(ii)-dependent oxygenase which catalyses the post-translational C3 hydroxylation of arginyl-residues and which is linked to the circadian rhythm and to cancer biology through as yet unidentified mechanisms. We report robust solid phase extraction coupled to mass spectrometry (SPE-MS)-based JMJD5 assays which enable kinetic and high-throughput inhibition studies. The kinetic studies reveal that some synthetic 2OG derivatives, notably including a 2OG derivative with a cyclic carbon backbone (i.e. (1R)-3-(carboxycarbonyl)cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid), are efficient alternative cosubstrates of JMJD5 and of factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF-α (FIH), but not of the Jumonji-C (JmjC) histone Nε-methyl lysine demethylase KDM4E, apparently reflecting the closer structural similarity of JMJD5 and FIH. The JMJD5 inhibition assays were validated by investigating the effect of reported 2OG oxygenase inhibitors on JMJD5 catalysis; the results reveal that broad-spectrum 2OG oxygenase inhibitors are also efficient JMJD5 inhibitors (e.g. N-oxalylglycine, pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, ebselen) whereas most 2OG oxygenase inhibitors that are in clinical use (e.g. roxadustat) do not inhibit JMJD5. The SPE-MS assays will help enable the development of efficient and selective JMJD5 inhibitors for investigating the biochemical functions of JMJD5 in cellular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tumber
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
| | - Eidarus Salah
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
| | - Lennart Brewitz
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
| | - Thomas P Corner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
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19
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Shi T, Zhu J, Zhang X, Mao X. The Role of Hypoxia and Cancer Stem Cells in Development of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092613. [PMID: 37174078 PMCID: PMC10177528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is recognized as the most malignant brain tumor with a high level of hypoxia, containing a small population of glioblastoma stem like cells (GSCs). These GSCs have the capacity of self-renewal, proliferation, invasion and recapitulating the parent tumor, and are major causes of radio-and chemoresistance of GBM. Upregulated expression of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) in hypoxia fundamentally contributes to maintenance and progression of GSCs. Therefore, we thoroughly reviewed the currently acknowledged roles of hypoxia-associated GSCs in development of GBM. In detail, we recapitulated general features of GBM, especially GSC-related features, and delineated essential responses resulted from interactions between GSC and hypoxia, including hypoxia-induced signatures, genes and pathways, and hypoxia-regulated metabolic alterations. Five hypothesized GSC niches are discussed and integrated into one comprehensive concept: hypoxic peri-arteriolar niche of GSCs. Autophagy, another protective mechanism against chemotherapy, is also closely related to hypoxia and is a potential therapeutic target for GBM. In addition, potential causes of therapeutic resistance (chemo-, radio-, surgical-, immuno-), and chemotherapeutic agents which can improve the therapeutic effects of chemo-, radio-, or immunotherapy are introduced and discussed. At last, as a potential approach to reverse the hypoxic microenvironment in GBM, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) might be an adjuvant therapy to chemo-and radiotherapy after surgery. In conclusion, we focus on demonstrating the important role of hypoxia on development of GBM, especially by affecting the function of GSCs. Important advantages have been made to understand the complicated responses induced by hypoxia in GBM. Further exploration of targeting hypoxia and GSCs can help to develop novel therapeutic strategies to improve the survival of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xinggang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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20
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Eatmann AI, Hamouda E, Hamouda H, Farouk HK, Jobran AWM, Omar AA, Madeeh AK, Al-Dardery NM, Elnoamany S, Abd-Elnasser EG, Koraiem AM, Ahmed AA, Abouzid M, Karaźniewicz-Łada M. Potential Use of Thalidomide in Glioblastoma Treatment: An Updated Brief Overview. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040543. [PMID: 37110201 PMCID: PMC10146416 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Thalidomide is a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor that demonstrates antiangiogenic activity, and may provide additive or synergistic anti-tumor effects when co-administered with other antiangiogenic medications. This study is a comprehensive review that highlights the potential benefits of using thalidomide, in combination with other medications, to treat glioblastoma and its associated inflammatory conditions. Additionally, the review examines the mechanism of action of thalidomide in different types of tumors, which may be beneficial in treating glioblastoma. To our knowledge, a similar study has not been conducted. We found that thalidomide, when used in combination with other medications, has been shown to produce better outcomes in several conditions or symptoms, such as myelodysplastic syndromes, multiple myeloma, Crohn's disease, colorectal cancer, renal failure carcinoma, breast cancer, glioblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, challenges may persist for newly diagnosed or previously treated patients, with moderate side effects being reported, particularly with the various mechanisms of action observed for thalidomide. Therefore, thalidomide, used alone, may not receive significant attention for use in treating glioblastoma in the future. Conducting further research by replicating current studies that show improved outcomes when thalidomide is combined with other medications, using larger sample sizes, different demographic groups and ethnicities, and implementing enhanced therapeutic protocol management, may benefit these patients. A meta-analysis of the combinations of thalidomide with other medications in treating glioblastoma is also needed to investigate its potential benefits further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismail Eatmann
- Department of Cell Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 31-007 Kraków, Poland
| | - Esraa Hamouda
- Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia P.O. Box 5744, Egypt
| | - Heba Hamouda
- Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia P.O. Box 5744, Egypt
| | | | - Afnan W M Jobran
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 51000, Palestine
| | - Abdallah A Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services and Sciences, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE-57357), Cairo 11617, Egypt
| | | | | | - Salma Elnoamany
- Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia P.O. Box 5744, Egypt
| | | | | | - Alhassan Ali Ahmed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mohamed Abouzid
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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21
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Pang Y, Zhou S, Zumbo P, Betel D, Cisse B. TCF12 Deficiency Impairs the Proliferation of Glioblastoma Tumor Cells and Improves Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072033. [PMID: 37046694 PMCID: PMC10093168 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor which carries a very poor overall prognosis and is universally fatal. Understanding the transcriptional regulation of the proliferation of GBM tumor cells is critical for developing novel and effective treatments. In this study, we investigate the role of the transcription factor TCF12 in the regulation of GBM proliferation using human and murine GBM cell lines and an in vivo GBM xenograft model. Our study shows that TCF12 deficiency severely impairs proliferation of tumor cells in vitro by disrupting/blocking the G1 to S phase transition. We also discover that TCF12 loss significantly improves animal survival and that TCF12-deficient tumors grow much slower in vivo. Overexpression of TCF12, on the other hand, leads to an increase in the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro and more aggressive tumor progression in vivo. Interestingly, loss of TCF12 leads to upregulation of signature genes of the oligodendrocytic lineage in GBM stem cells, suggesting a role for TCF12 in inhibiting differentiation along the oligodendrocytic lineage. Transcriptomic data also reveals that loss of TCF12 leads to dysregulation of the expression of key genes in the cell cycle. Our work demonstrates critical roles of TCF12 in GBM tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunong Pang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sichang Zhou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paul Zumbo
- Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Doron Betel
- Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Babacar Cisse
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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22
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Al-Holou WN, Wang H, Ravikumar V, Shankar S, Oneka M, Fehmi Z, Verhaak RG, Kim H, Pratt D, Camelo-Piragua S, Speers C, Wahl DR, Hollon T, Sagher O, Heth JA, Muraszko KM, Lawrence TS, de Carvalho AC, Mikkelsen T, Rao A, Rehemtulla A. Subclonal evolution and expansion of spatially distinct THY1-positive cells is associated with recurrence in glioblastoma. Neoplasia 2023; 36:100872. [PMID: 36621024 PMCID: PMC9841165 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma(GBM) is a lethal disease characterized by inevitable recurrence. Here we investigate the molecular pathways mediating resistance, with the goal of identifying novel therapeutic opportunities. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We developed a longitudinal in vivo recurrence model utilizing patient-derived explants to produce paired specimens(pre- and post-recurrence) following temozolomide(TMZ) and radiation(IR). These specimens were evaluated for treatment response and to identify gene expression pathways driving treatment resistance. Findings were clinically validated using spatial transcriptomics of human GBMs. RESULTS These studies reveal in replicate cohorts, a gene expression profile characterized by upregulation of mesenchymal and stem-like genes at recurrence. Analyses of clinical databases revealed significant association of this transcriptional profile with worse overall survival and upregulation at recurrence. Notably, gene expression analyses identified upregulation of TGFβ signaling, and more than one-hundred-fold increase in THY1 levels at recurrence. Furthermore, THY1-positive cells represented <10% of cells in treatment-naïve tumors, compared to 75-96% in recurrent tumors. We then isolated THY1-positive cells from treatment-naïve patient samples and determined that they were inherently resistant to chemoradiation in orthotopic models. Additionally, using image-guided biopsies from treatment-naïve human GBM, we conducted spatial transcriptomic analyses. This revealed rare THY1+ regions characterized by mesenchymal/stem-like gene expression, analogous to our recurrent mouse model, which co-localized with macrophages within the perivascular niche. We then inhibited TGFBRI activity in vivo which decreased mesenchymal/stem-like protein levels, including THY1, and restored sensitivity to TMZ/IR in recurrent tumors. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that GBM recurrence may result from tumor repopulation by pre-existing, therapy-resistant, THY1-positive, mesenchymal cells within the perivascular niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajd N Al-Holou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Hanxiao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, NCRC 520, Room 1342, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States; AstraZeneca, United States
| | - Visweswaran Ravikumar
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Sunita Shankar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Morgan Oneka
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Ziad Fehmi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | | | - Hoon Kim
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT 06032, United States; Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea
| | - Drew Pratt
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, United States
| | | | - Corey Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, NCRC 520, Room 1342, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - Daniel R Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, NCRC 520, Room 1342, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - Todd Hollon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Oren Sagher
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jason A Heth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Karin M Muraszko
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, NCRC 520, Room 1342, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - Ana C de Carvalho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Tom Mikkelsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Arvind Rao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, NCRC 520, Room 1342, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States; Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Alnawaz Rehemtulla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, NCRC 520, Room 1342, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States.
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23
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Spina R, Mills I, Ahmad F, Chen C, Ames HM, Winkles JA, Woodworth GF, Bar EE. DHODH inhibition impedes glioma stem cell proliferation, induces DNA damage, and prolongs survival in orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts. Oncogene 2022; 41:5361-5372. [PMID: 36344676 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) promote tumor progression and therapeutic resistance and exhibit remarkable bioenergetic and metabolic plasticity, a phenomenon that has been linked to their ability to escape standard and targeted therapies. However, specific mechanisms that promote therapeutic resistance have been somewhat elusive. We hypothesized that because GSCs proliferate continuously, they may require the salvage and de novo nucleotide synthesis pathways to satisfy their bioenergetic needs. Here, we demonstrate that GSCs lacking EGFR (or EGFRvIII) amplification are exquisitely sensitive to de novo pyrimidine synthesis perturbations, while GSCs that amplify EGFR are utterly resistant. Furthermore, we show that EGFRvIII promotes BAY2402234 resistance in otherwise BAY2402234 responsive GSCs. Remarkably, a novel, orally bioavailable, blood-brain-barrier penetrating, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor BAY2402234 was found to abrogate GSC proliferation, block cell-cycle progression, and induce DNA damage and apoptosis. When dosed daily by oral gavage, BAY2402234 significantly impaired the growth of two different intracranial human glioblastoma xenograft models in mice. Given this observed efficacy and the previously established safety profiles in preclinical animal models and human clinical trials, the clinical testing of BAY2402234 in patients with primary glioblastoma that lacks EGFR amplification is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Spina
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian Mills
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fahim Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chixiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heather M Ames
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eli E Bar
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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24
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Odia Y, Gutierrez AN, Kotecha R. Surgically targeted radiation therapy (STaRT) trials for brain neoplasms: A comprehensive review. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:S16-S24. [PMID: 36322100 PMCID: PMC9629486 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mainstays of radiation therapy include external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and internally implanted radiation, or brachytherapy (BT), all with distinct benefits and risks in terms of local or distant tumor control and normal brain toxicities, respectively. GammaTile® Surgically Targeted Radiation Therapy (STaRT) attempts to limit the drawbacks of other BT paradigms via a permanently implanted, bioresorbable, conformable, collagen tile containing four uniform intensity radiation sources, thus preventing deleterious direct contact with the brain and optimizing interseed spacing to homogenous radiation exposure. The safety and feasibility of GammaTile® STaRT therapy was established by multiple clinical trials encompassing the spectrum of primary and secondary brain neoplasms, both recurrent and newly-diagnosed. Implantable GT tiles were FDA approved in 2018 for use in recurrent intracranial neoplasms, expanded to newly-diagnosed malignant intracranial neoplasms by 2020. The current spectrum of trials focuses on better defining the relative efficacy and safety of non-GT standard-of-care radiation strategies for intracranial brain neoplasm. We summarize the key design and eligibility criteria for open and future trials of GT therapy, including registries and randomized trials for newly-diagnosed and recurrent brain metastases as well as recurrent and newly-diagnosed glioblastoma in combination with approved therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin Odia
- Corresponding Author: Yazmin Odia, MD MS FAAN, Chief of Neuro-Oncology, MCI, BHSF, Associate Faculty, HWCOM, FIU, 8900 North Kendall Drive, Miami, FL 33176, USA ()
| | - Alonso N Gutierrez
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rupesh Kotecha
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA,Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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25
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Erbani J, Boon M, Akkari L. Therapy-induced shaping of the glioblastoma microenvironment: Macrophages at play. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:41-56. [PMID: 35569742 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The intricate cross-talks between tumor cells and their microenvironment play a key role in cancer progression and resistance to treatment. In recent years, targeting pro-tumorigenic components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a tantalizing strategy to improve the efficacy of standard-of-care (SOC) treatments, particularly for hard-to-treat cancers such as glioblastoma. In this review, we explore how the distinct microenvironmental niches characteristic of the glioblastoma TME shape response to therapy. In particular, we delve into the interplay between tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and glioblastoma cells within angiogenic and hypoxic niches, and interrogate their dynamic co-evolution upon SOC therapies that fuels malignancy. Resolving the complexity of therapy-induced alterations in the glioblastoma TME and their impact on disease relapse is a stepping stone to identify targetable pro-tumorigenic pathways and TAM subsets, and may open the way to efficient combination therapies that will improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Erbani
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Menno Boon
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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26
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Silver A, Feier D, Ghosh T, Rahman M, Huang J, Sarkisian MR, Deleyrolle LP. Heterogeneity of glioblastoma stem cells in the context of the immune microenvironment and geospatial organization. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1022716. [PMID: 36338705 PMCID: PMC9628999 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1022716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely aggressive and incurable primary brain tumor with a 10-year survival of just 0.71%. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to seed GBM's inevitable recurrence by evading standard of care treatment, which combines surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, contributing to this grim prognosis. Effective targeting of CSCs could result in insights into GBM treatment resistance and development of novel treatment paradigms. There is a major ongoing effort to characterize CSCs, understand their interactions with the tumor microenvironment, and identify ways to eliminate them. This review discusses the diversity of CSC lineages present in GBM and how this glioma stem cell (GSC) mosaicism drives global intratumoral heterogeneity constituted by complex and spatially distinct local microenvironments. We review how a tumor's diverse CSC populations orchestrate and interact with the environment, especially the immune landscape. We also discuss how to map this intricate GBM ecosystem through the lens of metabolism and immunology to find vulnerabilities and new ways to disrupt the equilibrium of the system to achieve improved disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryeh Silver
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Diana Feier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tanya Ghosh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jianping Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Matthew R. Sarkisian
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,*Correspondence: Loic P. Deleyrolle,
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27
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Faisal SM, Comba A, Varela ML, Argento AE, Brumley E, Abel C, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR. The complex interactions between the cellular and non-cellular components of the brain tumor microenvironmental landscape and their therapeutic implications. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1005069. [PMID: 36276147 PMCID: PMC9583158 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1005069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive high-grade glial tumor, is resistant to therapy and has a poor prognosis due to its universal recurrence rate. GBM cells interact with the non-cellular components in the tumor microenvironment (TME), facilitating their rapid growth, evolution, and invasion into the normal brain. Herein we discuss the complexity of the interactions between the cellular and non-cellular components of the TME and advances in the field as a whole. While the stroma of non-central nervous system (CNS) tissues is abundant in fibrillary collagens, laminins, and fibronectin, the normal brain extracellular matrix (ECM) predominantly includes proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans, with fibrillary components typically found only in association with the vasculature. However, recent studies have found that in GBMs, the microenvironment evolves into a more complex array of components, with upregulated collagen gene expression and aligned fibrillary ECM networks. The interactions of glioma cells with the ECM and the degradation of matrix barriers are crucial for both single-cell and collective invasion into neighboring brain tissue. ECM-regulated mechanisms also contribute to immune exclusion, resulting in a major challenge to immunotherapy delivery and efficacy. Glioma cells chemically and physically control the function of their environment, co-opting complex signaling networks for their own benefit, resulting in radio- and chemo-resistance, tumor recurrence, and cancer progression. Targeting these interactions is an attractive strategy for overcoming therapy resistance, and we will discuss recent advances in preclinical studies, current clinical trials, and potential future clinical applications. In this review, we also provide a comprehensive discussion of the complexities of the interconnected cellular and non-cellular components of the microenvironmental landscape of brain tumors to guide the development of safe and effective therapeutic strategies against brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M. Faisal
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Andrea Comba
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maria L. Varela
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Anna E. Argento
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Emily Brumley
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Clifford Abel
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Pedro R. Lowenstein,
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28
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Liu K, Jiang L, Shi Y, Liu B, He Y, Shen Q, Jiang X, Nie Z, Pu J, Yang C, Chen Y. Hypoxia-induced GLT8D1 promotes glioma stem cell maintenance by inhibiting CD133 degradation through N-linked glycosylation. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1834-1849. [PMID: 35301431 PMCID: PMC9433395 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most aggressive primary brain tumors. However, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved with the addition of temozolomide (TMZ) or radiation as initial therapy, although many clinical efforts have been carried out to target various signaling pathways or putative driver mutations. Here, we report that glycosyltransferase 8 domain containing 1 (GLT8D1), induced by HIF-1α under a hypoxic niche, significantly correlates with a higher grade of glioma, and a worse clinical outcome. Depletion of GLT8D1 inhibits self-renewal of glioma stem cell (GSC) in vitro and represses tumor growth in glioma mouse models. GLT8D1 knockdown promotes cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and cellular apoptosis with or without TMZ treatment. We reveal that GLT8D1 impedes CD133 degradation through the endosomal-lysosomal pathway by N-linked glycosylation and protein-protein interaction. Directly blocking the GLT8D1/CD133 complex formation by CD133N1~108 (referred to as FECD133), or inhibiting GLT8D1 expression by lercanidipine, suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signaling dependent tumorigenesis both in vitro and in patient-derived xenografts mouse model. Collectively, these findings offer mechanistic insights into how hypoxia promotes GLT8D1/CD133/Wnt/β-catenin signaling during glioma progression, and identify GLT8D1 as a potential therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Yulin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaomei He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiushuo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Xiulin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi Nie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Cuiping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yongbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
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Rocha JD, Uribe D, Delgado J, Niechi I, Alarcón S, Erices JI, Melo R, Fernández-Gajardo R, Salazar-Onfray F, San Martín R, Quezada Monrás C. A 2B Adenosine Receptor Enhances Chemoresistance of Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells under Hypoxia: New Insights into MRP3 Transporter Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169022. [PMID: 36012307 PMCID: PMC9409164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, characterized by its high chemoresistance and the presence of a cell subpopulation that persists under hypoxic niches, called glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). The chemoresistance of GSCs is mediated in part by adenosine signaling and ABC transporters, which extrude drugs outside the cell, such as the multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) subfamily. Adenosine promotes MRP1-dependent chemoresistance under normoxia. However, adenosine/MRPs-dependent chemoresistance under hypoxia has not been studied until now. Transcript and protein levels were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. MRP extrusion capacity was determined by intracellular 5 (6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) accumulation. Cell viability was measured by MTS assays. Cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Here, we show for the first time that MRP3 expression is induced under hypoxia through the A2B adenosine receptor. Hypoxia enhances MRP-dependent extrusion capacity and the chemoresistance of GSCs. Meanwhile, MRP3 knockdown decreases GSC viability under hypoxia. Downregulation of the A2B receptor decreases MRP3 expression and chemosensibilizes GSCs treated with teniposide under hypoxia. These data suggest that hypoxia-dependent activation of A2B adenosine receptor promotes survival of GSCs through MRP3 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Dellis Rocha
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Daniel Uribe
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Javiera Delgado
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Ignacio Niechi
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Sebastián Alarcón
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - José Ignacio Erices
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Rómulo Melo
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Instituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Asenjo, Santiago 7500691, Chile
| | | | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500691, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500691, Chile
| | - Rody San Martín
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada Monrás
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-63-2221332
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Zhu L, Liu J, Qiu M, Chen J, Liang Q, Peng G, Zou Z. Bacteria-mediated metformin-loaded peptide hydrogel reprograms the tumor immune microenvironment in glioblastoma. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Hypoxia-induced HMGB1 promotes glioma stem cells self-renewal and tumorigenicity via RAGE. iScience 2022; 25:104872. [PMID: 36034219 PMCID: PMC9399482 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) in the hypoxic niches contribute to tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence in glioblastoma (GBM). Hypoxia induces release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) from tumor cells, promoting the development of tumor. Here, we report that HMGB1 is overexpressed in human GBM specimens. Hypoxia promotes the expression and secretion of HMGB1 in GSCs. Furthermore, silencing HMGB1 results in the loss of stem cell markers and a reduction in self-renewal ability of GSCs. Additionally, HMGB1 knockdown inhibits the activation of RAGE-dependent ERK1/2 signaling pathway and arrests the cell cycle in GSCs. Consistently, FPS-ZM1, an inhibitor of RAGE, downregulates HMGB1 expression and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, leading to a reduction in the proliferation of GSCs. In xenograft mice of GBM, HMGB1 knockdown inhibits tumor growth and promotes mouse survival. Collectively, these findings uncover a vital function for HMGB1 in regulating GSC self-renewal potential and tumorigenicity. Glioma stem cells overexpress HMGB1 in human glioblastoma Hypoxia induces the upregulation and release of HMGB1 in glioma stem cells HMGB1 promotes the self-renewal of glioma stem cells via RAGE Targeting HMGB1 inhibits the tumorigenesis of glioma stem cells
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Hersh AM, Gaitsch H, Alomari S, Lubelski D, Tyler BM. Molecular Pathways and Genomic Landscape of Glioblastoma Stem Cells: Opportunities for Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3743. [PMID: 35954407 PMCID: PMC9367289 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive tumor of the central nervous system categorized by the World Health Organization as a Grade 4 astrocytoma. Despite treatment with surgical resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, outcomes remain poor, with a median survival of only 14-16 months. Although tumor regression is often observed initially after treatment, long-term recurrence or progression invariably occurs. Tumor growth, invasion, and recurrence is mediated by a unique population of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Their high mutation rate and dysregulated transcriptional landscape augment their resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy, explaining the poor outcomes observed in patients. Consequently, GSCs have emerged as targets of interest in new treatment paradigms. Here, we review the unique properties of GSCs, including their interactions with the hypoxic microenvironment that drives their proliferation. We discuss vital signaling pathways in GSCs that mediate stemness, self-renewal, proliferation, and invasion, including the Notch, epidermal growth factor receptor, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, sonic hedgehog, transforming growth factor beta, Wnt, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and inhibitors of differentiation pathways. We also review epigenomic changes in GSCs that influence their transcriptional state, including DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation, and miRNA expression. The constituent molecular components of the signaling pathways and epigenomic regulators represent potential sites for targeted therapy, and representative examples of inhibitory molecules and pharmaceuticals are discussed. Continued investigation into the molecular pathways of GSCs and candidate therapeutics is needed to discover new effective treatments for GBM and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Hersh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Hallie Gaitsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
- NIH Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program, Wellcome—MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Safwan Alomari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Daniel Lubelski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Betty M. Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
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Wu Q, You L, Nepovimova E, Heger Z, Wu W, Kuca K, Adam V. Hypoxia-inducible factors: master regulators of hypoxic tumor immune escape. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:77. [PMID: 35659268 PMCID: PMC9166526 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a common feature of the tumor microenvironment in various types of cancers, weakens cytotoxic T cell function and causes recruitment of regulatory T cells, thereby reducing tumoral immunogenicity. Studies have demonstrated that hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) 1 and 2 alpha (HIF1A and HIF2A) are involved in tumor immune escape. Under hypoxia, activation of HIF1A induces a series of signaling events, including through programmed death receptor-1/programmed death ligand-1. Moreover, hypoxia triggers shedding of complex class I chain-associated molecules through nitric oxide signaling impairment to disrupt immune surveillance by natural killer cells. The HIF-1-galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 1-sulfatide axis enhances tumor immune escape via increased tumor cell-platelet binding. HIF2A upregulates stem cell factor expression to recruit tumor-infiltrating mast cells and increase levels of cytokines interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β, resulting in an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Additionally, HIF1A upregulates expression of tumor-associated long noncoding RNAs and suppresses immune cell function, enabling tumor immune escape. Overall, elucidating the underlying mechanisms by which HIFs promote evasion of tumor immune surveillance will allow for targeting HIF in tumor treatment. This review discusses the current knowledge of how hypoxia and HIFs facilitate tumor immune escape, with evidence to date implicating HIF1A as a molecular target in such immune escape. This review provides further insight into the mechanism of tumor immune escape, and strategies for tumor immunotherapy are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Li You
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic. .,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic.
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Bruns J, Egan T, Mercier P, Zustiak SP. Glioblastoma spheroid growth and chemotherapeutic responses in single and dual-stiffness hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2022; 163:400-414. [PMID: 35659918 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest brain tumor for which there is no cure. Bioengineered GBM models, such as hydrogel-encapsulated spheroids, that capture both cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions could facilitate testing of much needed therapies. Elucidation of specific microenvironment properties on spheroid responsiveness to therapeutics would enhance the usefulness of GBM models as predictive drug screening platforms. Here, GBM spheroids consisting of U87 or patient-derived GBM cells were encapsulated in soft (∼1 kPa), stiff (∼7 kPa), and dual-stiffness polyethylene glycol-based hydrogels, with GBM spheroids seeded at the stiffness interface. Spheroids were cultured for 7 days and examined for viability, size, invasion, laminin expression, hypoxia, proliferation, and response to the chemotherapeutic temozolomide (TMZ). We noted excellent cell viability in all hydrogels, and higher infiltration in soft compared to stiff hydrogels for U87 spheroids. In dual gels spheroids mostly infiltrated away from the stiffness interface with minimal crossing over it and some individual cell migration along the interface. U87 spheroids were equally responsive to TMZ in the soft and stiff hydrogels, but cell viability in the spheroid periphery was higher than the core for stiff hydrogels whereas the opposite was true for soft hydrogels. HIF1A expression was higher in the core of spheroids in the stiff hydrogels, while there was no difference in cell proliferation between spheroids in the stiff vs soft hydrogels. Patient-derived GBM spheroids did not show stiffness-dependent drug responses. U87 cells showed similar laminin expression in soft and stiff hydrogels with higher expression in the spheroid periphery compared to the core. Our results indicate that microenvironment stiffness needs to be considered in bioengineered GBM models including those designed for use in drug screening applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Recent work on tumor models engineered for use in drug screening has highlighted the potential of hydrogel-encapsulated spheroids as a simple, yet effective platform that show drug responses similar to native tumors. It has also been shown that substrate stiffness, in vivo and in vitro, affects cancer cell responses to drugs. This is particularly important for glioblastoma (GBM), the deadliest brain cancer, as GBM cells invade by following the stiffer brain structures such as white matter tracks and the perivascular niche. Invading cells have also been associated with higher resistance to chemotherapy. Here we developed GBM spheroid models using soft, stiff and dual-stiffness hydrogels to explore the connection between substrate stiffness, spheroid invasion and drug responsiveness in a controlled environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bruns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Terrance Egan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Philippe Mercier
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Silviya P Zustiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA.
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Mosteiro A, Pedrosa L, Ferrés A, Diao D, Sierra À, González JJ. The Vascular Microenvironment in Glioblastoma: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061285. [PMID: 35740307 PMCID: PMC9219822 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme, the deadliest primary brain tumor, is characterized by an excessive and aberrant neovascularization. The initial expectations raised by anti-angiogenic drugs were soon tempered due to their limited efficacy in improving the overall survival. Intrinsic resistance and escape mechanisms against anti-VEGF therapies evidenced that tumor angiogenesis is an intricate multifaceted phenomenon and that vessels not only support the tumor but exert indispensable interactions for resistance and spreading. This holistic review covers the essentials of the vascular microenvironment of glioblastoma, including the perivascular niche components, the vascular generation patterns and the implicated signaling pathways, the endothelial–tumor interrelation, and the interconnection between vessel aberrancies and immune disarrangement. The revised concepts provide novel insights into the preclinical models and the potential explanations for the failure of conventional anti-angiogenic therapies, leading to an era of new and combined anti-angiogenic-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Mosteiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.F.); (J.J.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Leire Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncological Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.); (D.D.); (À.S.)
| | - Abel Ferrés
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.F.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Diouldé Diao
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncological Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.); (D.D.); (À.S.)
| | - Àngels Sierra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncological Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.); (D.D.); (À.S.)
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Juan González
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.F.); (J.J.G.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncological Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.); (D.D.); (À.S.)
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Waqar M, Trifiletti DM, McBain C, O'Connor J, Coope DJ, Akkari L, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Borst GR. Early Therapeutic Interventions for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: Rationale and Review of the Literature. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:311-324. [PMID: 35119629 PMCID: PMC8885508 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glioblastoma is the commonest primary brain cancer in adults whose outcomes are amongst the worst of any cancer. The current treatment pathway comprises surgery and postoperative chemoradiotherapy though unresectable diffusely infiltrative tumour cells remain untreated for several weeks post-diagnosis. Intratumoural heterogeneity combined with increased hypoxia in the postoperative tumour microenvironment potentially decreases the efficacy of adjuvant interventions and fails to prevent early postoperative regrowth, called rapid early progression (REP). In this review, we discuss the clinical implications and biological foundations of post-surgery REP. Subsequently, clinical interventions potentially targeting this phenomenon are reviewed systematically. RECENT FINDINGS Early interventions include early systemic chemotherapy, neoadjuvant immunotherapy, local therapies delivered during surgery (including Gliadel wafers, nanoparticles and stem cell therapy) and several radiotherapy techniques. We critically appraise and compare these strategies in terms of their efficacy, toxicity, challenges and potential to prolong survival. Finally, we discuss the most promising strategies that could benefit future glioblastoma patients. There is biological rationale to suggest that early interventions could improve the outcome of glioblastoma patients and they should be investigated in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mueez Waqar
- Department of Academic Neurological Surgery, Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel M Trifiletti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Mayo 1N, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Catherine McBain
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Dept 58, Floor 2a, Room 21-2-13, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - James O'Connor
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Dept 58, Floor 2a, Room 21-2-13, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - David J Coope
- Department of Academic Neurological Surgery, Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Mayo 1N, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Gerben R Borst
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Dept 58, Floor 2a, Room 21-2-13, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
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Paul R, Dorsey JF, Fan Y. Cell plasticity, senescence, and quiescence in cancer stem cells: Biological and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 231:107985. [PMID: 34480963 PMCID: PMC8844041 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a distinct population of cells within tumors with capabilities of self-renewal and tumorigenicity. CSCs play a pivotal role in cancer progression, metastasis, and relapse and tumor resistance to cytotoxic therapy. Emerging scientific evidence indicates that CSCs adopt several mechanisms, driven by cellular plasticity, senescence and quiescence, to maintain their self-renewal capability and to resist tumor microenvironmental stress and treatments. These pose major hindrances for CSC-targeting anti-cancer therapies: cell plasticity maintains stemness in CSCs and renders tumor cells to acquire stem-like phenotypes, contributing to tumor heterogeneity and CSC generation; cellular senescence induces genetic reprogramming and stemness activation, leading to CSC-mediated tumor progression and metastasis; cell quienscence facilitates CSC to overcome their intrinsic vulnerabilities and therapeutic stress, inducing tumor relapse and therapy resistance. These mechanisms are subjected to spatiotemporal regulation by hypoxia, CSC niche, and extracellular matrix in the tumor microenvironment. Here we integrate the recent advances and current knowledge to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the regulation of plasticity, senescence and quiescence of CSCs and the potential therapeutic implications for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritama Paul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104
| | - Jay F. Dorsey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Markwell SM, Ross JL, Olson CL, Brat DJ. Necrotic reshaping of the glioma microenvironment drives disease progression. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:291-310. [PMID: 35039931 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor and has a dismal prognosis. The development of central necrosis represents a tipping point in the evolution of these tumors that foreshadows aggressive expansion, swiftly leading to mortality. The onset of necrosis, severe hypoxia and associated radial glioma expansion correlates with dramatic tumor microenvironment (TME) alterations that accelerate tumor growth. In the past, most have concluded that hypoxia and necrosis must arise due to "cancer outgrowing its blood supply" when rapid tumor growth outpaces metabolic supply, leading to diffusion-limited hypoxia. However, growing evidence suggests that microscopic intravascular thrombosis driven by the neoplastic overexpression of pro-coagulants attenuates glioma blood supply (perfusion-limited hypoxia), leading to TME restructuring that includes breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, immunosuppressive immune cell accumulation, microvascular hyperproliferation, glioma stem cell enrichment and tumor cell migration outward. Cumulatively, these adaptations result in rapid tumor expansion, resistance to therapeutic interventions and clinical progression. To inform future translational investigations, the complex interplay among environmental cues and myriad cell types that contribute to this aggressive phenotype requires better understanding. This review focuses on contributions from intratumoral thrombosis, the effects of hypoxia and necrosis, the adaptive and innate immune responses, and the current state of targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Markwell
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave. Ward 3-140, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James L Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl L Olson
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave. Ward 3-140, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave. Ward 3-140, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Davis L, Recktenwald M, Hutt E, Fuller S, Briggs M, Goel A, Daringer N. Targeting HIF-2α in the Tumor Microenvironment: Redefining the Role of HIF-2α for Solid Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1259. [PMID: 35267567 PMCID: PMC8909461 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate oxygen supply, or hypoxia, is characteristic of the tumor microenvironment and correlates with poor prognosis and therapeutic resistance. Hypoxia leads to the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway and stabilization of the HIF-α subunit, driving tumor progression. The homologous alpha subunits, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, are responsible for mediating the transcription of a multitude of critical proteins that control proliferation, angiogenic signaling, metastasis, and other oncogenic factors, both differentially and sequentially regulating the hypoxic response. Post-translational modifications of HIF play a central role in its behavior as a mediator of transcription, as well as the temporal transition from HIF-1α to HIF-2α that occurs in response to chronic hypoxia. While it is evident that HIF-α is highly dynamic, HIF-2α remains vastly under-considered. HIF-2α can intensify the behaviors of the most aggressive tumors by adapting the cell to oxidative stress, thereby promoting metastasis, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and upregulating cancer stem cell factors. The structure, function, hypoxic response, spatiotemporal dynamics, and roles in the progression and persistence of cancer of this HIF-2α molecule and its EPAS1 gene are highlighted in this review, alongside a discussion of current therapeutics and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Matthias Recktenwald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Evan Hutt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Schuyler Fuller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Madison Briggs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Arnav Goel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Nichole Daringer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
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Feng J, Zhao D, Lv F, Yuan Z. Epigenetic Inheritance From Normal Origin Cells Can Determine the Aggressive Biology of Tumor-Initiating Cells and Tumor Heterogeneity. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221078160. [PMID: 35213254 PMCID: PMC8891845 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221078160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of genetic- and epigenetic-abnormalities during transformation has been recognized as the two fundamental factors that lead to tumorigenesis and determine the aggressive biology of tumor cells. However, there is a regularity that tumors derived from less-differentiated normal origin cells (NOCs) usually have a higher risk of vascular involvement, lymphatic and distant metastasis, which can be observed in both lymphohematopoietic malignancies and somatic cancers. Obviously, the hypothesis of genetic- and epigenetic-abnormalities is not sufficient to explain how the linear relationship between the cellular origin and the biological behavior of tumors is formed, because the cell origin of tumor is an independent factor related to tumor biology. In a given system, tumors can originate from multiple cell types, and tumor-initiating cells (TICs) can be mapped to different differentiation hierarchies of normal stem cells, suggesting that the heterogeneity of the origin of TICs is not completely chaotic. TIC’s epigenome includes not only genetic- and epigenetic-abnormalities, but also established epigenetic status of genes inherited from NOCs. In reviewing previous studies, we found much evidence supporting that the status of many tumor-related “epigenetic abnormalities” in TICs is consistent with that of the corresponding NOC of the same differentiation hierarchy, suggesting that they may not be true epigenetic abnormalities. So, we speculate that the established statuses of genes that control NOC’s migration, adhesion and colonization capabilities, cell-cycle quiescence, expression of drug transporters, induction of mesenchymal formation, overexpression of telomerase, and preference for glycolysis can be inherited to TICs through epigenetic memory and be manifested as their aggressive biology. TICs of different origins can maintain different degrees of innate stemness from NOC, which may explain why malignancies with stem cell phenotypes are usually more aggressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Feng
- Clinical-Pathology Center, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Zhao
- Medical Imaging Department, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fudong Lv
- Clinical-Pathology Center, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyu Yuan
- Clinical-Pathology Center, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhang A, Huang Z, Tao W, Zhai K, Wu Q, Rich JN, Zhou W, Bao S. USP33 deubiquitinates and stabilizes HIF-2alpha to promote hypoxia response in glioma stem cells. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109187. [PMID: 35191554 PMCID: PMC8982626 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia regulates tumor angiogenesis, metabolism, and therapeutic response in malignant cancers including glioblastoma, the most lethal primary brain tumor. The regulation of HIF transcriptional factors by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is critical in the hypoxia response, but hypoxia-inducible deubiquitinases that counteract the ubiquitination remain poorly defined. While the activation of ERK1/2 also plays an important role in hypoxia response, the relationship between ERK1/2 activation and HIF regulation remains elusive. Here, we identified USP33 as essential deubiquitinase that stabilizes HIF-2alpha protein in an ERK1/2-dependent manner to promote hypoxia response in cancer cells. USP33 is preferentially induced in glioma stem cells by hypoxia and interacts with HIF-2alpha, leading to its stabilization through deubiquitination. The activation of ERK1/2 upon hypoxia promoted HIF-2alpha phosphorylation, enhancing its interaction with USP33. Silencing of USP33 disrupted glioma stem cells maintenance, reduced tumor vascularization, and inhibited glioblastoma growth. Our findings highlight USP33 as an essential regulator of hypoxia response in cancer stem cells, indicating a novel potential therapeutic target for brain tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Zhang
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Kui Zhai
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA,Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA,Center for Cancer Stem Cell ResearchLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
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Jain S, Chalif EJ, Aghi MK. Interactions Between Anti-Angiogenic Therapy and Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:812916. [PMID: 35096619 PMCID: PMC8790087 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.812916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain tumor with a median survival ranging from 6.2 to 16.7 months. The complex interactions between the tumor and the cells of tumor microenvironment leads to tumor evolution which ultimately results in treatment failure. Immunotherapy has shown great potential in the treatment of solid tumors but has been less effective in treating glioblastoma. Failure of immunotherapy in glioblastoma has been attributed to low T-cell infiltration in glioblastoma and dysfunction of the T-cells that are present in the glioblastoma microenvironment. Recent advances in single-cell sequencing have increased our understanding of the transcriptional changes in the tumor microenvironment pre and post-treatment. Another treatment modality targeting the tumor microenvironment that has failed in glioblastoma has been anti-angiogenic therapy such as the VEGF neutralizing antibody bevacizumab, which did not improve survival in randomized clinical trials. Interestingly, the immunosuppressed microenvironment and abnormal vasculature of glioblastoma interact in ways that suggest the potential for synergy between these two therapeutic modalities that have failed individually. Abnormal tumor vasculature has been associated with immune evasion and the creation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, suggesting that inhibiting pro-angiogenic factors like VEGF can increase infiltration of effector immune cells into the tumor microenvironment. Remodeling of the tumor vasculature by inhibiting VEGFR2 has also been shown to improve the efficacy of PDL1 cancer immunotherapy in mouse models of different cancers. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in our understanding of the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment specially the tumor vasculature and its interactions with the immune cells, and opportunities to target these interactions therapeutically. Combining anti-angiogenic and immunotherapy in glioblastoma has the potential to unlock these therapeutic modalities and impact the survival of patients with this devastating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saket Jain
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Eric J Chalif
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Manish K Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Heffernan JM, McNamara JB, Vernon BL, Mehta S, Sirianni RW. PNJ scaffolds promote microenvironmental regulation of glioblastoma stem-like cell enrichment and radioresistance. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:819-833. [PMID: 34994746 PMCID: PMC8939461 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01169j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) brain tumors contain a subpopulation of self-renewing multipotent Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) that are believed to drive the near inevitable recurrence of GBM. We previously engineered temperature responsive scaffolds based on the polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-Jeffamine M-1000 acrylamide) (PNJ) for the purpose of enriching GSCs in vitro from patient-derived samples. Here, we used PNJ scaffolds to study microenvironmental regulation of self-renewal and radiation response in patient-derived GSCs representing classical and proneural subtypes. GSC self-renewal was regulated by the composition of PNJ scaffolds and varied with cell type. PNJ scaffolds protected against radiation-induced cell death, particularly in conditions that also promoted GSC self-renewal. Additionally, cells cultured in PNJ scaffolds exhibited increased expression of the transcription factor HIF2α, which was not observed in neurosphere culture, providing a potential mechanistic basis for differences in radio-resistance. Differences in PNJ regulation of HIF2α in irradiated and untreated conditions also offered evidence of stem plasticity. These data show PNJ scaffolds provide a unique biomaterial for evaluating dynamic microenvironmental regulation of GSC self-renewal, radioresistance, and stem plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Heffernan
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, PO Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA, Sonoran Biosciences, 1048 E Knight Ln, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - James B. McNamara
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Brent L. Vernon
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, PO Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Shwetal Mehta
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Rachael W. Sirianni
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, PO Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA, Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Sloan AR, Lee-Poturalski C, Hoffman HC, Harris PL, Elder TE, Richardson B, Kerstetter-Fogle A, Cioffi G, Schroer J, Desai A, Cameron M, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Rich J, Jankowsky E, Sen Gupta A, Sloan AE. Glioma stem cells activate platelets by plasma-independent thrombin production to promote glioblastoma tumorigenesis. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac172. [PMID: 36452274 PMCID: PMC9700385 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The interaction between platelets and cancer cells has been underexplored in solid tumor models that do not metastasize, for example, glioblastoma (GBM) where metastasis is rare. Histologically, it is known that glioma stem cells (GSCs) are found in perivascular and pseudsopalisading regions of GBM, which are also areas of platelet localization. High platelet counts have been associated with poor clinical outcomes in many cancers. While platelets are known to promote the progression of other tumors, mechanisms by which platelets influence GBM oncogenesis are unknown. Here, we aimed to understand how the bidirectional interaction between platelets and GSCs drives GBM oncogenesis. Methods Male and female NSG mice were transplanted with GSC lines and treated with antiplatelet and anti-thrombin inhibitors. Immunofluorescence, qPCR, and Western blots were used to determine expression of coagulation mechanism in GBM tissue and subsequent GSC lines. Results We show that GSCs activate platelets by endogenous production of all the factors of the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation cascades in a plasma-independent manner. Therefore, GSCs produce thrombin resulting in platelet activation. We further demonstrate that the endogenous coagulation cascades of these cancer stem cells are tumorigenic: they activate platelets to promote stemness and proliferation in vitro and pharmacological inhibition delays tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions Our findings uncover a specific preferential relationship between platelets and GSCs that drive GBM malignancies and identify a therapeutically targetable novel interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Sloan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine Lee-Poturalski
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Harry C Hoffman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Peggy L Harris
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Theresa E Elder
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Richardson
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amber Kerstetter-Fogle
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gino Cioffi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Trans-Divisional Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia Schroer
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ansh Desai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark Cameron
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jill Barnholtz-Sloan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Trans-Divisional Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeremy Rich
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eckhard Jankowsky
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Piedmont Health, Atlanta Georgia, USA
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Wu Q, Berglund AE, MacAulay RJ, Etame AB. A Novel Role of BIRC3 in Stemness Reprogramming of Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:297. [PMID: 35008722 PMCID: PMC8745052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stemness reprogramming remains a largely unaddressed principal cause of lethality in glioblastoma (GBM). It is therefore of utmost importance to identify and target mechanisms that are essential for GBM stemness and self-renewal. Previously, we implicated BIRC3 as an essential mediator of therapeutic resistance and survival adaptation in GBM. In this study, we present novel evidence that BIRC3 has an essential noncanonical role in GBM self-renewal and stemness reprogramming. We demonstrate that BIRC3 drives stemness reprogramming of human GBM cell lines, mouse GBM cell lines and patient-derived GBM stem cells (GSCs) through regulation of BMP4 signaling axis. Specifically, BIRC3 induces stemness reprogramming in GBM through downstream inactivation of BMP4 signaling. RNA-Seq interrogation of the stemness reprogramming hypoxic (pseudopalisading necrosis and perinecrosis) niche in GBM patient tissues further validated the high BIRC3/low BMP4 expression correlation. BIRC3 knockout upregulated BMP4 expression and prevented stemness reprogramming of GBM models. Furthermore, siRNA silencing of BMP4 restored stemness reprogramming of BIRC3 knockout in GBM models. In vivo silencing of BIRC3 suppressed tumor initiation and progression in GBM orthotopic intracranial xenografts. The stemness reprograming of both GSCs and non-GSCs populations highlights the impact of BIRC3 on intra-tumoral cellular heterogeneity GBM. Our study has identified a novel function of BIRC3 that can be targeted to reverse stemness programming of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Anders E. Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Robert J. MacAulay
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Arnold B. Etame
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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Macharia LW, Muriithi W, Heming CP, Nyaga DK, Aran V, Mureithi MW, Ferrer VP, Pane A, Filho PN, Moura-Neto V. The genotypic and phenotypic impact of hypoxia microenvironment on glioblastoma cell lines. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1248. [PMID: 34798868 PMCID: PMC8605580 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is a fatal brain tumour with a poor patient survival outcome. Hypoxia has been shown to reprogram cells towards a stem cell phenotype associated with self-renewal and drug resistance properties. Activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) helps in cellular adaptation mechanisms under hypoxia. Similarly, miRNAs are known to be dysregulated in GBM have been shown to act as critical mediators of the hypoxic response and to regulate key processes involved in tumorigenesis. METHODS Glioblastoma (GBM) cells were exposed to oxygen deprivation to mimic a tumour microenvironment and different cell aspects were analysed such as morphological changes and gene expression of miRNAs and survival genes known to be associated with tumorigenesis. RESULTS It was observed that miR-128a-3p, miR-34-5p, miR-181a/b/c, were down-regulated in 6 GBM cell lines while miR-17-5p and miR-221-3p were upregulated when compared to a non-GBM control. When the same GBM cell lines were cultured under hypoxic microenvironment, a further 4-10-fold downregulation was observed for miR-34-5p, miR-128a-3p and 181a/b/c while a 3-6-fold upregulation was observed for miR-221-3p and 17-5p for most of the cells. Furthermore, there was an increased expression of SOX2 and Oct4, GLUT-1, VEGF, Bcl-2 and survivin, which are associated with a stem-like state, increased metabolism, altered angiogenesis and apoptotic escape, respectively. CONCLUSION This study shows that by mimicking a tumour microenvironment, miRNAs are dysregulated, stemness factors are induced and alteration of the survival genes necessary for the cells to adapt to the micro-environmental factors occurs. Collectively, these results might contribute to GBM aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Wanjiku Macharia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - (PPGAP-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rua do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-092, Brasil
| | - Wanjiru Muriithi
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rua do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-092, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (ICB-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Pilotto Heming
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rua do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-092, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (ICB-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dennis Kirii Nyaga
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rua do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-092, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Veronica Aran
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rua do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-092, Brasil
| | | | - Valeria Pereira Ferrer
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rua do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-092, Brasil
| | - Attilio Pane
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (ICB-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Niemeyer Filho
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rua do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-092, Brasil
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - (PPGAP-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rua do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-092, Brasil.
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Glioma Cells Acquire Stem-like Characters by Extrinsic Ribosome Stimuli. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112970. [PMID: 34831193 PMCID: PMC8616507 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although glioblastoma (GBM) stem-like cells (GSCs), which retain chemo-radio resistance and recurrence, are key prognostic factors in GBM patients, the molecular mechanisms of GSC development are largely unknown. Recently, several studies revealed that extrinsic ribosome incorporation into somatic cells resulted in stem cell properties and served as a key trigger and factor for the cell reprogramming process. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying GSCs development by focusing on extrinsic ribosome incorporation into GBM cells. Ribosome-induced cancer cell spheroid (RICCS) formation was significantly upregulated by ribosome incorporation. RICCS showed the stem-like cell characters (number of cell spheroid, stem cell markers, and ability for trans differentiation towards adipocytes and osteocytes). In RICCS, the phosphorylation and protein expression of ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6), an intrinsic ribosomal protein, and STAT3 phosphorylation were upregulated, and involved in the regulation of cell spheroid formation. Consistent with those results, glioma-derived extrinsic ribosome also promoted GBM-RICCS formation through intrinsic RPS6 phosphorylation. Moreover, in glioma patients, RPS6 phosphorylation was dominantly observed in high-grade glioma tissues, and predominantly upregulated in GSCs niches, such as the perinecrosis niche and perivascular niche. Those results indicate the potential biological and clinical significance of extrinsic ribosomal proteins in GSC development.
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The role of melatonin in angio-miR-associated inhibition of tumorigenesis and invasion in human glioblastoma tumour spheroids. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101617. [PMID: 34418770 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Micro-RNA (miRNA)-based regulation of hypoxia, angiogenesis and tumour growth provides promising targets for effective therapy in malignant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Accumulating evidence suggests a potential role of melatonin in miRNA expression in cancer cells. Despite these findings, the melatonin-miRNA interaction in GBM and the effect of this interaction on GBM tumour development and invasion are not clearly understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of melatonin on human GBM tumour spheroid tumorigenesis and invasion in vitro, and to analyse the interaction between 36 angio-miRNAs and the HIF1/VEGF/MMP9 axis, which is known to be associated with the antitumour effect of melatonin. We found that melatonin is able to selectively induce cell death in single-layer U87-MG cells (a GBM cell line) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as characterized by MTT assay. The use of tumour spheroids and a Matrigel invasion assay revealed that melatonin impairs tumorigenesis, and it significantly reduced both the tumour spheroid area and invasion rate, especially at the 0.5 mM and 1 mM concentrations. This inhibition was accompanied by strong reductions in hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression and protein levels in GBM tumour spheroids. In addition, melatonin significantly reduced the relative gene expression and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). This study revealed that six differentially expressed angio-miRs (miR-15b, miR-18a-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-92a-3p, miR-130a-5p, miR-200b-3p) may play important roles in GBM tumorigenesis and invasion, and all respond to melatonin therapy. Our results suggest that melatonin inhibits tumorigenesis and invasion of human GBM tumour spheroids, possibly by suppressing HIF1-α/VEGF/MMP9 signalling via regulation of angio-miRNAs.
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The Renin-Angiotensin System in the Tumor Microenvironment of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164004. [PMID: 34439159 PMCID: PMC8392691 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive brain cancer in humans. Patient survival outcomes have remained dismal despite intensive research over the past 50 years, with a median overall survival of only 14.6 months. We highlight the critical role of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) on GB cancer stem cells and the tumor microenvironment which, in turn, influences cancer stem cells in driving tumorigenesis and treatment resistance. We present recent developments and underscore the need for further research into the GB tumor microenvironment. We discuss the novel therapeutic targeting of the RAS using existing commonly available medications and utilizing model systems to further this critical investigation. Abstract Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive primary brain tumor. Despite intensive research over the past 50 years, little advance has been made to improve the poor outcome, with an overall median survival of 14.6 months following standard treatment. Local recurrence is inevitable due to the quiescent cancer stem cells (CSCs) in GB that co-express stemness-associated markers and components of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). The dynamic and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a fundamental role in tumor development, progression, invasiveness, and therapy resistance. There is increasing evidence showing the critical role of the RAS in the TME influencing CSCs via its upstream and downstream pathways. Drugs that alter the hallmarks of cancer by modulating the RAS present a potential new therapeutic alternative or adjunct to conventional treatment of GB. Cerebral and GB organoids may offer a cost-effective method for evaluating the efficacy of RAS-modulating drugs on GB. We review the nexus between the GB TME, CSC niche, and the RAS, and propose re-purposed RAS-modulating drugs as a potential therapeutic alternative or adjunct to current standard therapy for GB.
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Alghamdi M, Gumbleton M, Newland B. Local delivery to malignant brain tumors: potential biomaterial-based therapeutic/adjuvant strategies. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6037-6051. [PMID: 34357362 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00896j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor and is associated with a very poor prognosis. The standard treatment for newly diagnosed patients involves total tumor surgical resection (if possible), plus irradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy. Despite treatment, the prognosis is still poor, and the tumor often recurs within two centimeters of the original tumor. A promising approach to improving the efficacy of GBM therapeutics is to utilize biomaterials to deliver them locally at the tumor site. Local delivery to GBM offers several advantages over systemic administration, such as bypassing the blood-brain barrier and increasing the bioavailability of the therapeutic at the tumor site without causing systemic toxicity. Local delivery may also combat tumor recurrence by maintaining sufficient drug concentrations at and surrounding the original tumor area. Herein, we critically appraised the literature on local delivery systems based within the following categories: polymer-based implantable devices, polymeric injectable systems, and hydrogel drug delivery systems. We also discussed the negative effect of hypoxia on treatment strategies and how one might utilize local implantation of oxygen-generating biomaterials as an adjuvant to enhance current therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Alghamdi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK. and Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22522, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Gumbleton
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK.
| | - Ben Newland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK. and Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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