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Chen Q, Zhang S, Liu W, Sun X, Luo Y, Sun X. Application of emerging technologies in ischemic stroke: from clinical study to basic research. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1400469. [PMID: 38915803 PMCID: PMC11194379 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1400469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a primary cause of noncommunicable disease-related death and disability worldwide. The most common form, ischemic stroke, is increasing in incidence resulting in a significant burden on patients and society. Urgent action is thus needed to address preventable risk factors and improve treatment methods. This review examines emerging technologies used in the management of ischemic stroke, including neuroimaging, regenerative medicine, biology, and nanomedicine, highlighting their benefits, clinical applications, and limitations. Additionally, we suggest strategies for technological development for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiu Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Soltanpour M, Boulanger P, Buck B. CT Perfusion Map Synthesis from CTP Dynamic Images Using a Learned LSTM Generative Adversarial Network for Acute Ischemic Stroke Assessment. J Med Syst 2024; 48:37. [PMID: 38564061 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is a dynamic 4-dimensional imaging technique (3-dimensional volumes captured over approximately 1 min) in which cerebral blood flow is quantified by tracking the passage of a bolus of intravenous contrast with serial imaging of the brain. To diagnose and assess acute ischemic stroke, the standard method relies on summarizing acquired CTPs over the time axis to create maps that show different hemodynamic parameters, such as the timing of the bolus arrival and passage (Tmax and MTT), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral blood volume (CBV). However, producing accurate CTP maps requires the selection of an arterial input function (AIF), i.e. a time-concentration curve in one of the large feeding arteries of the brain, which is a highly error-prone procedure. Moreover, during approximately one minute of CT scanning, the brain is exposed to ionizing radiation that can alter tissue composition, and create free radicals that increase the risk of cancer. This paper proposes a novel end-to-end deep neural network that synthesizes CTP images to generate CTP maps using a learned LSTM Generative Adversarial Network (LSTM-GAN). Our proposed method can improve the precision and generalizability of CTP map extraction by eliminating the error-prone and expert-dependent AIF selection step. Further, our LSTM-GAN does not require the entire CTP time series and can produce CTP maps with a reduced number of time points. By reducing the scanning sequence from about 40 to 9 time points, the proposed method has the potential to minimize scanning time thereby reducing patient exposure to CT radiation. Our evaluations using the ISLES 2018 challenge dataset consisting of 63 patients showed that our model can generate CTP maps by using only 9 snapshots, without AIF selection, with an accuracy of 84.37 % .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Soltanpour
- Computing Science Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Pierre Boulanger
- Computing Science Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Brian Buck
- Medicine Deptment, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Perdomo AA, Badawy MK, Mignone C, Forster JC. Exceeding radiation thresholds for cataract induction in diagnostic imaging: a paediatric case report. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2024; 200:417-422. [PMID: 38195763 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
This case report investigates the radiation dose received by a paediatric patient with a ventricular assist device who underwent four non-contrast brain computed tomography (CT) scans, two brain perfusion CT scans and two head angiographic CT scans. The total estimated absorbed dose to the lens of the eye is above the 500 mGy radiation-induced cataract threshold. It is recommended that this patient and those with similar imaging histories have routine follow-up with an ophthalmologist. It is also recommended that radiation dose tracking and an electronic medical alert program be implemented to allow the identification of patients who may exceed tissue reaction thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Alison Perdomo
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamed Khaldoun Badawy
- Monash Health Imaging, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Cristina Mignone
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jake Cameron Forster
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, South Australia, Australia
- Medical Physics & Radiation Safety, South Australia Medical Imaging, Adelaide 5005, South Australia, Australia
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Fainardi E, Busto G, Morotti A. Automated advanced imaging in acute ischemic stroke. Certainties and uncertainties. Eur J Radiol Open 2023; 11:100524. [PMID: 37771657 PMCID: PMC10523426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2023.100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this is study was to review pearls and pitfalls of advanced imaging, such as computed tomography perfusion and diffusion-weighed imaging and perfusion-weighted imaging in the selection of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients suitable for endovascular treatment (EVT) in the late time window (6-24 h from symptom onset). Advanced imaging can quantify infarct core and ischemic penumbra using specific threshold values and provides optimal selection parameters, collectively called target mismatch. More precisely, target mismatch criteria consist of core volume and/or penumbra volume and mismatch ratio (the ratio between total hypoperfusion and core volumes) with precise cut-off values. The parameters of target mismatch are automatically calculated with dedicated software packages that allow a quick and standardized interpretation of advanced imaging. However, this approach has several limitations leading to a misclassification of core and penumbra volumes. In fact, automatic software platforms are affected by technical artifacts and are not interchangeable due to a remarkable vendor-dependent variability, resulting in different estimate of target mismatch parameters. In addition, advanced imaging is not completely accurate in detecting infarct core, that can be under- or overestimated. Finally, the selection of candidates for EVT remains currently suboptimal due to the high rates of futile reperfusion and overselection caused by the use of very stringent inclusion criteria. For these reasons, some investigators recently proposed to replace advanced with conventional imaging in the selection for EVT, after the demonstration that non-contrast CT ASPECTS and computed tomography angiography collateral evaluation are not inferior to advanced images in predicting outcome in AIS patients treated with EVT. However, other authors confirmed that CTP and PWI/DWI postprocessed images are superior to conventional imaging in establishing the eligibility of patients for EVT. Therefore, the routine application of automatic assessment of advanced imaging remains a matter of debate. Recent findings suggest that the combination of conventional and advanced imaging might improving our selection criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Fainardi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgio Busto
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Morotti
- Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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Lu W, Yao F, Yin C, Wan S, Liu X, He C, Leng X, Fiehler J, Siddiqui AH, Peng Y, Xiang J. Computed tomography perfusion software pipelines to assess parameter maps and ischemic volumes: A comparative study. J Neuroimaging 2023; 33:983-990. [PMID: 37737687 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study was dedicated to investigating the agreement of the calculated results of two CT perfusion (CTP) postprocessing software packages, including parameter maps and ischemic volume, focusing on the infarct core volume (ICV) and penumbra volume (PV). METHODS A retrospective collection of 235 patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent CTP examination were enrolled. All images had been analyzed with two software pipelines, RAPID CTP and AccuCTP, and the comparative analysis was based on ICV and PV results calculated by both software packages. The agreement of parameter maps was evaluated by root mean square error and Bland-Altman analysis. The ICV and PV agreement was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis. The accuracy of ICV and PV based on multiple thresholds was also analyzed. RESULTS The ICV and PV of AccuCTP and RAPID CTP show excellent agreement. The relative differences of the parameter maps were all within 10% and the Bland-Altman analysis also showed a strong agreement. From ordinary least squares fitting results, both ICV and PV had a remarkably high goodness of fit (ICV, R2 = 0.975 [p<.001]; PV, R2 = 0.964 [p<.001]). For the ICC analysis, both had high ICC scores (ICV ICC 0.984, 95% CI [confidence interval] 0.973-0.989; PV ICC 0.955, 95% CI 0.947-0.964). Furthermore, multi-threshold analysis on the basis of ICV and PV also achieved reliable analytical accuracy. CONCLUSIONS The image analysis results of AccuCTP are in excellent agreement with RAPID CTP and can be used as an alternative analysis tool to RAPID CTP software in stroke clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- ArteryFlow Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Feirong Yao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Congguo Yin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Wan
- Brain Center, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- ArteryFlow Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongxin He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, China
| | | | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Adnan H Siddiqui
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou/The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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Thirugnanachandran T, Aitchison SG, Lim A, Ding C, Ma H, Phan T. Assessing the diagnostic accuracy of CT perfusion: a systematic review. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1255526. [PMID: 37885475 PMCID: PMC10598661 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1255526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) has successfully extended the time window for reperfusion therapies in ischemic stroke. However, the published perfusion parameters and thresholds vary between studies. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies (PRISMA-DTA) guidelines, we conducted a systematic review to investigate the accuracy of parameters and thresholds for identifying core and penumbra in adult stroke patients. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and reference lists of manuscripts up to April 2022 using the following terms "computed tomography perfusion," "stroke," "infarct," and "penumbra." Studies were included if they reported perfusion thresholds and undertook co-registration of CTP to reference standards. The quality of studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool and Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) guidelines. Results A total of 24 studies were included. A meta-analysis could not be performed due to insufficient data and significant heterogeneity in the study design. When reported, the mean age was 70.2 years (SD+/-3.69), and the median NIHSS on admission was 15 (IQR 13-17). The perfusion parameter identified for the core was relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), with a median threshold of <30% (IQR 30, 40%). However, later studies reported lower thresholds in the early time window with rapid reperfusion (median 25%, IQR 20, 30%). A total of 15 studies defined a single threshold for all brain regions irrespective of collaterals and the gray and white matter. Conclusion A single threshold and parameter may not always accurately differentiate penumbra from core and oligemia. Further refinement of parameters is needed in the current era of reperfusion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thanh Phan
- Stroke and Ageing Research (STAR), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Subramaniam JC, Cheung A, Manning N, Whitley J, Cordato D, Zagami A, Cappelen-Smith C, Tian H, Levi C, Parsons M, Butcher KS. Most endovascular thrombectomy patients have Target Mismatch despite absence of formal CT perfusion selection criteria. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285679. [PMID: 37708105 PMCID: PMC10501580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is the standard of care for large vessel occlusion stroke. Use of Computed Tomographic Perfusion (CTP) to select EVT candidates is variable. The frequency of treatment and outcome in patients with unfavourable CTP patterns is unknown. A retrospective analysis of CTP utilisation prior to EVT was conducted. All CTP data were analysed centrally and a Target Mismatch was defined as an infarct core ≤70 ml, penumbral volume ≥15ml, and a total hypoperfused volume:core volume ratio >1.8. The primary outcome was good functional outcome at 90 days, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0-2. follow-up infarct volume, core expansion and penumbral salvage volumes were secondary outcomes. Of 572 anterior circulation EVT patients, CTP source image data required to generate objective maps were available in 170, and a Target Mismatch was present in 151 (89%). The rate of 90-day good functional outcome was similar between Target Mismatch (53%) and Large Core Non-Mismatch groups (46%, p = 0.629). Median follow-up infarct volume in the Large Core Non-Mismatch group (104ml [IQR 25ml-189ml]) was larger than that in the Target Mismatch patients (16ml [8ml-47ml], p<0.001). Despite a lack of formal CTP selection criteria, the majority of patients treated at our centres had a Target Mismatch. Patients without Target Mismatch had larger follow-up infarct volumes, but the functional recovery rate was similar to that in Target Mismatch patients. Infarct volumes should be included as objective assessment criteria in the evaluation of the efficacy of EVT in non-Target Mismatch patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Cheung
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Nathan Manning
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Justin Whitley
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Dennis Cordato
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alessandro Zagami
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cecilia Cappelen-Smith
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Huiqiao Tian
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chris Levi
- Departments of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Mark Parsons
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ken S. Butcher
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Kusuma Y, Clissold B, Riley P, Talman P, Wong A, Litt LYL, Bustami M, Kiemas LS, Putri IA, Kemal MAR, Arpandy RA, Melita M, Yan B, Yielder P. Possible Influence of Ethnicity on Computed Tomography Perfusion Parameter Thresholds in Acute Ischaemic Stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 53:245-251. [PMID: 37549646 DOI: 10.1159/000533384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue at risk, as estimated by CT perfusion utilizing Tmax+6, correlates with final infarct volume (FIV) in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) without reperfusion. Tmax thresholds are derived from Western ethnic populations but not from ethnic Asian populations. We aimed to investigate the influence of ethnicity on Tmax thresholds. METHODS From a clinical-imaging registry of Australian and Indonesian stroke patients, we selected a participant subgroup with the following inclusion criteria: AIS under 24 h and absence of reperfusion therapy. Clinical data included demographics, time metrics, stroke severity, pre-morbid, and 3-month Modified Rankin Score. Baseline computed tomography perfusion and MRI <72 h were performed. Volumes of Tmax utilizing different thresholds and FIVs were calculated. Spearman correlation was used to evaluate relationship involving ordinal variables and calculate the optimal Tmax threshold against FIV in both populations. RESULTS Two hundred patients were included in the study sample, 100 in Jakarta and 100 in Geelong. The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (IQR) were 6 (3-11) and 3 (1-5), respectively. The median Tmax+6 (IQR) was 0 (0-46.5) in Jakarta group and 0 (0-7.5) in Geelong group. The median FIV (IQR) was 0 (0-30.5) and 0 (0-5.5). Tmax+8 s in Jakarta population against FIV showed Spearman's coefficient ρ = 0.72, representing the optimal Tmax threshold. Tmax+6 s showed Spearman's coefficient ρ = 0.51 against FIV in the Geelong population. CONCLUSION Tmax thresholds approximating FIV were possibly different in the Asian when compared with the non-Asian populations. Future studies are required to extend and confirm the validity of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohanna Kusuma
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Brain Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, National Brain Centre Prof. Dr. Mahar Mardjono-Airlangga University, Jakarta/Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Benjamin Clissold
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Geelong University Hospital, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Riley
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Talman
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Geelong University Hospital, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Wong
- Centre Clinical Research (CCR), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leonard Yeo Leong Litt
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mursyid Bustami
- Department of Neurology, National Brain Centre Prof. Dr. Mahar Mardjono-Airlangga University, Jakarta/Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Lyna Soertidewi Kiemas
- Department of Neurology, National Brain Centre Prof. Dr. Mahar Mardjono-Airlangga University, Jakarta/Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Indah Aprianti Putri
- Department of Neurology, National Brain Centre Prof. Dr. Mahar Mardjono-Airlangga University, Jakarta/Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - M Arief R Kemal
- Department of Neurology, National Brain Centre Prof. Dr. Mahar Mardjono-Airlangga University, Jakarta/Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Reza A Arpandy
- Department of Neurology, National Brain Centre Prof. Dr. Mahar Mardjono-Airlangga University, Jakarta/Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Melita Melita
- Department of Radiology, National Brain Centre Prof. Dr. Mahar Mardjono-Airlangga University, Jakarta/Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Bernard Yan
- Melbourne Brain Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Yielder
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University Oshawa, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
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Mubarak F, Fatima H, Mustafa MS, Shafique MA, Abbas SR, Rangwala HS. Assessment Precision of CT Perfusion Imaging in the Detection of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e44396. [PMID: 37791142 PMCID: PMC10542215 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke, a prevalent medical emergency, comprises ischemic and hemorrhagic subtypes, with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) being a predominant type. The application of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging has gained prominence due to its rapidity and accessibility in stroke evaluation. This study systematically reviews and conducts a meta-analysis of existing literature to assess the diagnostic accuracy of CTP in detecting AIS and predicting hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Employing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, an extensive search was conducted across electronic databases and relevant radiology journals. Studies conducted between 2007 and 2023 that fulfilled predetermined inclusion criteria underwent quality assessment using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS 2) tool. Cochrane diagnostic accuracy tools were used for data extraction. Thirteen studies involving a total of 1014 patients were included in the analysis. The diagnostic performance of CTP in predicting HT demonstrated high sensitivity (86.7%) and moderate specificity (77.8%), resulting in an overall accuracy of 79.1%. The negative predictive value (NPV) was notably high (92.9%), signifying its efficacy in excluding patients at risk of HT. The positive predictive value (PPV) was comparatively lower (60.3%), highlighting the need for clinical context when making thrombolysis decisions. The false positive rate was 16.2%, while the false negative rate was minimal (9.8%). Subgroup analysis underscored consistent sensitivity and specificity across diverse imaging metrics. The findings of this study emphasize the promising diagnostic accuracy of CTP imaging in predicting HT subsequent to AIS. This non-invasive technique can aid treatment decisions and patient management strategies. By effectively assessing perfusion status and offering predictive insights, CTP imaging improves stroke intervention choices, especially in identifying patients with a lower risk of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mubarak
- Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Hareer Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
| | | | | | - Syed Raza Abbas
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
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Gao L, Parsons M, Churilov L, Zhao H, Campbell BCV, Yan B, Mitchell P, Coote S, Langenberg F, Smith K, Anderson D, Stephenson M, Davis SM, Donnan G, Easton D, Bivard A. Cost-effectiveness of tenecteplase versus alteplase for stroke thrombolysis evaluation trial in the ambulance. Eur Stroke J 2023; 8:448-455. [DOI: 10.1177/23969873231165086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tenecteplase administered to patients with ischaemic stroke in a mobile stroke unit (MSU) has been shown to reduce the perfusion lesion volumes and result in ultra-early recovery. We now seek to assess the cost-effectiveness of tenecteplase in the MSU. Methods: A within-trial (TASTE-A) economic analysis and a model-based long-term cost-effectiveness analysis were performed. This post hoc within-trial economic analysis utilised the patient-level data (intention to treat, ITT) prospectively collected over the trial to calculate the difference in both healthcare costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs, estimated from modified Rankin scale score). A Markov microsimulation model was developed to simulate the long-term costs and benefits. Results: In total, there were 104 patients with ischaemic stroke randomised to tenecteplase ( n = 55) or alteplase ( n = 49) treatment groups, respectively in the TASTE-A trial. The ITT-based analysis showed that treatment with tenecteplase was associated with non-signficantly lower costs (A$28,903 vs A$40,150 ( p = 0.056)) and greater benefits (0.171 vs 0.158 ( p = 0.457)) than that for the alteplase group over the first 90 days post the index stroke. The long-term model showed that tenecteplase led to greater savings in costs (−A$18,610) and more health benefits (0.47 QALY or 0.31 LY gains). Tenecteplase-treated patients had reduced costs for rehospitalisation (−A$1464), nursing home care (−A$16,767) and nonmedical care (−A$620) per patient. Conclusions: Treatment of ischaemic stroke patients with tenecteplase appeared to be cost-effective and improve QALYs in the MSU setting based on Phase II data. The reduced total cost from tenecteplase was driven by savings from acute hospitalisation and reduce need for nursing home care.
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11
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Edwards LS, Cappelen-Smith C, Cordato D, Bivard A, Churilov L, Lin L, Chen C, Garcia-Esperon C, Butcher K, Kleinig T, Choi PMC, Cheng X, Dong Q, Aviv RI, Parsons MW. Optimal CT perfusion thresholds for core and penumbra in acute posterior circulation infarction. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1092505. [PMID: 36846146 PMCID: PMC9947562 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1092505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background At least 20% of strokes involve the posterior circulation (PC). Compared to the anterior circulation, posterior circulation infarction (POCI) are frequently misdiagnosed. CT perfusion (CTP) has advanced stroke care by improving diagnostic accuracy and expanding eligibility for acute therapies. Clinical decisions are predicated upon precise estimates of the ischaemic penumbra and infarct core. Current thresholds for defining core and penumbra are based upon studies of anterior circulation stroke. We aimed to define the optimal CTP thresholds for core and penumbra in POCI. Methods Data were analyzed from 331-patients diagnosed with acute POCI enrolled in the International-stroke-perfusion-registry (INSPIRE). Thirty-nine patients with baseline multimodal-CT with occlusion of a large PC-artery and follow up diffusion weighted MRI at 24-48 h were included. Patients were divided into two-groups based on artery-recanalization on follow-up imaging. Patients with no or complete recanalisation were used for penumbral and infarct-core analysis, respectively. A Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used for voxel-based analysis. Optimality was defined as the CTP parameter and threshold which maximized the area-under-the-curve. Linear regression was used for volume based analysis determining the CTP threshold which resulted in the smallest mean volume difference between the acute perfusion lesion and follow up MRI. Subanalysis of PC-regions was performed. Results Mean transit time (MTT) and delay time (DT) were the best CTP parameters to characterize ischaemic penumbra (AUC = 0.73). Optimal thresholds for penumbra were a DT >1 s and MTT>145%. Delay time (DT) best estimated the infarct core (AUC = 0.74). The optimal core threshold was a DT >1.5 s. The voxel-based analyses indicated CTP was most accurate in the calcarine (Penumbra-AUC = 0.75, Core-AUC = 0.79) and cerebellar regions (Penumbra-AUC = 0.65, Core-AUC = 0.79). For the volume-based analyses, MTT >160% demonstrated best correlation and smallest mean-volume difference between the penumbral estimate and follow-up MRI (R 2 = 0.71). MTT >170% resulted in the smallest mean-volume difference between the core estimate and follow-up MRI, but with poor correlation (R 2 = 0.11). Conclusion CTP has promising diagnostic utility in POCI. Accuracy of CTP varies by brain region. Optimal thresholds to define penumbra were DT >1 s and MTT >145%. The optimal threshold for core was a DT >1.5 s. However, CTP core volume estimates should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Stephen Edwards
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Leon Stephen Edwards ✉
| | - Cecilia Cappelen-Smith
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dennis Cordato
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Bivard
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Longting Lin
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Chushuang Chen
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Carlos Garcia-Esperon
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Stroke and Brain Injury Group, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenneth Butcher
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Kleinig
- Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Phillip M. C. Choi
- Department of Neurosciences, Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Richard I. Aviv
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mark William Parsons
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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12
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Yang M, Tang L, Hu Z, Tang X. Application of Neuroimaging for the Prediction of Hemorrhagic Transformation after Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 52:1-10. [PMID: 35661647 DOI: 10.1159/000524749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity, disability, and mortality worldwide. Currently, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the main intravenous thrombolysis agent for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke within 4.5 h after onset. Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is the most serious complication of intravenous thrombolysis, which can significantly aggravate clinical poor prognosis. Therefore, it is important to early predict the risk of post-thrombolysis HT in patients with acute ischemic stroke. SUMMARY Recently, several studies have reported that neuroimaging techniques have potential value in predicting HT after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The corresponding neuroimaging parameters may be effective predictors of HT after intravenous thrombolysis. In this review, we summarized and discussed the application of neuroimaging techniques and related parameters in predicting HT after intravenous thrombolysis. KEY MESSAGES Recognizing and understanding the predictive performance of neuroimaging parameters for HT may help assess the risk of HT after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke and make an appropriate treatment decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,
| | - Lisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangqi Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Lim NE, Chia B, Bulsara MK, Parsons M, Hankey GJ, Bivard A. Automated CT Perfusion Detection of the Acute Infarct Core in Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 52:97-109. [PMID: 35661075 DOI: 10.1159/000524916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In patients with acute ischemic stroke, the location and volume of an irreversible infarct core determine prognosis and treatment. We aimed to determine if automated CT perfusion (CTP) is non-inferior to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) in predicting the acute infarct core. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from 1960 to December 2020. Five outcome measures were examined: volumetric difference, volumetric correlation, sensitivity and specificity at the patient level, Dice coefficient, and sensitivity and specificity at the voxel level. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed for volumetric difference and correlation. RESULTS From 3,986 studies retrieved, 48 studies met our inclusion criteria with 46 studies on anterior circulation, one study on posterior circulation, and one study on lacunar infarct strokes. In anterior circulation stroke, there were no significant mean volumetric differences between CTP and acute DWI (cerebral blood flow [CBF] 0.52 mL, 95% CI [-0.07, 1.11], I2 0.0%; relative CBF [rCBF] 3.01 mL, 95% CI [-0.46, 6.48], I2 82.6%; relative cerebral blood volume [rCBV] -12.84 mL, 95% CI [-38.56, 12.88], I2 96.2%) and between CTP and delayed DWI or FLAIR (rCBF -1.29 mL, 95% CI [-6.49, 3.92], I2 91.8%; rCBV -5.80 mL, 95% CI [-16.20, 4.60], I2 84.2%). Mean correlation between CTP and acute DWI was 0.90 (95% CI [0.80, 0.95], I2 60.0%) for rCBF and 0.84 (95% CI [0.58, 0.94], I2 93.5%) for rCBV. Mean correlation between CTP and delayed DWI or FLAIR was 0.74 (95% CI [0.57, 0.85], I2 94.6%) for rCBF and 0.90 (95% CI [0.69, 0.97], I2 93.1%) for rCBV. Sensitivity and specificity at the patient level were reported by three studies and Dice coefficient by four studies. Statistical analysis could not be performed for sensitivity and specificity at the voxel level. Limited evidence was available for posterior circulation or lacunar infarct strokes. CONCLUSION Due to significant heterogeneity and insufficient high-quality studies reporting each outcome, there is insufficient evidence to reliably determine the accuracy of CTP prediction of the infarct core compared to DWI or FLAIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Lim
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington, Australia
| | - Benjamin Chia
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington, Australia
| | - Max K Bulsara
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Washington, Australia
| | - Mark Parsons
- Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology Liverpool Hospital, The Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales South Western Clinical School, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Washington, Australia
| | - Andrew Bivard
- Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Garcia-Esperon C, Wu TY, Carraro do Nascimento V, Yan B, Kurunawai C, Kleinig T, Selkirk G, Blacker D, Barber PA, Ranta A, Cervera A, Wong A, Mitchell P, Muller C, Rice H, De Villiers L, Jannes J, Beom Hong J, Bailey P, Brown H, Campbell BCV, Wilson D, Fink J, Ang T, Bladin C, Phillips T, Hasnain MG, Butcher K, Miteff F, Levi CR, Spratt NJ, Parsons MW, Collecutt W, Krauss M, Tan A, Mahadevan J, Willcourt M, Cervera A, Bivard A. Ultra-Long Transfers for Endovascular Thrombectomy-Mission Impossible?: The Australia-New Zealand Experience. Stroke 2023; 54:151-158. [PMID: 36416128 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.040480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) access in remote areas is limited. Preliminary data suggest that long distance transfers for EVT may be beneficial; however, the magnitude and best imaging strategy at the referring center remains uncertain. We hypothesized that patients transferred >300 miles would benefit from EVT, achieving rates of functional independence (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score of 0-2) at 3 months similar to those patients treated at the comprehensive stroke center in the randomized EVT extended window trials and that the selection of patients with computed tomography perfusion (CTP) at the referring site would be associated with ordinal shift toward better outcomes on the mRS. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of patients transferred from 31 referring hospitals >300 miles (measured by the most direct road distance) to 9 comprehensive stroke centers in Australia and New Zealand for EVT consideration (April 2016 through May 2021). RESULTS There were 131 patients; the median age was 64 [53-74] years and the median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 16 [12-22]. At baseline, 79 patients (60.3%) had noncontrast CT+CT angiography, 52 (39.7%) also had CTP. At the comprehensive stroke center, 114 (87%) patients underwent cerebral angiography, and 96 (73.3%) proceeded to EVT. At 3 months, 62 patients (48.4%) had an mRS score of 0 to 2 and 81 (63.3%) mRS score of 0 to 3. CTP selection at the referring site was not associated with better ordinal scores on the mRS at 3 months (mRS median of 2 [1-3] versus 3 [1-6] in the patients selected with noncontrast CT+CT angiography, P=0.1). Nevertheless, patients selected with CTP were less likely to have an mRS score of 5 to 6 (odds ratio 0.03 [0.01-0.19]; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In selected patients transferred >300 miles, there was a benefit for EVT, with outcomes similar to those treated in the comprehensive stroke center in the EVT extended window trials. Remote hospital CTP selection was not associated with ordinal mRS improvement, but was associated with fewer very poor 3-month outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Garcia-Esperon
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Australia (C.G.-E., F.M., C.R.L., N.J.S.).,College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., M.H., F.M., C.R.L., N.J.S., M.W.P.).,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., M.H., F.M., C.R.L., N.J.S., M.W.P.)
| | - Teddy Y Wu
- Department of Neurology, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand (T.Y.W., D.W., J.F., M.W.P.)
| | | | - Bernard Yan
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (B.Y., J.J.)
| | | | - Tim Kleinig
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (C.K., T.K., T.P.)
| | - Gregory Selkirk
- Neurology Department, Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia (G.S., D.B.)
| | - David Blacker
- Neurology Department, Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia (G.S., D.B.)
| | - P Alan Barber
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, New Zealand (P.A.B., J.B.H.)
| | - Annemarei Ranta
- Department of Neurology, Wellington Hospital, New Zealand (A.R., B.C.V.C.).,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand (A.R., B.C.V.C.)
| | | | - Andrew Wong
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Australia (A.W., C.M., H.B.)
| | - Peter Mitchell
- Department of Radiology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (P.M.)
| | - Claire Muller
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Australia (A.W., C.M., H.B.)
| | - Hal Rice
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Australia (V.C.d.N., H.R., L.D.V.)
| | - Laetitia De Villiers
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Australia (V.C.d.N., H.R., L.D.V.)
| | - Jim Jannes
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (B.Y., J.J.)
| | - Jae Beom Hong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, New Zealand (P.A.B., J.B.H.)
| | - Peter Bailey
- Department of Neurology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Australia (P.B.)
| | - Helen Brown
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Australia (A.W., C.M., H.B.)
| | - Bruce C V Campbell
- Department of Neurology, Wellington Hospital, New Zealand (A.R., B.C.V.C.).,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand (A.R., B.C.V.C.)
| | - Duncan Wilson
- Department of Neurology, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand (T.Y.W., D.W., J.F., M.W.P.)
| | - John Fink
- Department of Neurology, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand (T.Y.W., D.W., J.F., M.W.P.)
| | - Timothy Ang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Royal Prince Alfred hospital, Sydney, Australia (T.A.)
| | - Christopher Bladin
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Australia (C.B., B.K.).,Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (C.B.)
| | - Tim Phillips
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (C.K., T.K., T.P.)
| | - Md Golam Hasnain
- College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., M.H., F.M., C.R.L., N.J.S., M.W.P.).,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., M.H., F.M., C.R.L., N.J.S., M.W.P.)
| | - Kenneth Butcher
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Sydney, Australia (K.B.).,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Australia (C.B., B.K.)
| | - Ferdinand Miteff
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Australia (C.G.-E., F.M., C.R.L., N.J.S.).,College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., M.H., F.M., C.R.L., N.J.S., M.W.P.).,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., M.H., F.M., C.R.L., N.J.S., M.W.P.)
| | - Christopher R Levi
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Australia (C.G.-E., F.M., C.R.L., N.J.S.).,College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., M.H., F.M., C.R.L., N.J.S., M.W.P.).,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., M.H., F.M., C.R.L., N.J.S., M.W.P.)
| | - Neil J Spratt
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Australia (C.G.-E., F.M., C.R.L., N.J.S.).,College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., M.H., F.M., C.R.L., N.J.S., M.W.P.).,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., M.H., F.M., C.R.L., N.J.S., M.W.P.)
| | - Mark W Parsons
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., M.H., F.M., C.R.L., N.J.S., M.W.P.).,Department of Neurology, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand (T.Y.W., D.W., J.F., M.W.P.).,University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Department of Neurology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia (M.W.P.)
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15
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Werdiger F, Parsons MW, Visser M, Levi C, Spratt N, Kleinig T, Lin L, Bivard A. Machine learning segmentation of core and penumbra from acute stroke CT perfusion data. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1098562. [PMID: 36908587 PMCID: PMC9995438 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1098562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging is widely used in cases of suspected acute ischemic stroke to positively identify ischemia and assess suitability for treatment through identification of reversible and irreversible tissue injury. Traditionally, this has been done via setting single perfusion thresholds on two or four CTP parameter maps. We present an alternative model for the estimation of tissue fate using multiple perfusion measures simultaneously. Methods We used machine learning (ML) models based on four different algorithms, combining four CTP measures (cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, mean transit time and delay time) plus 3D-neighborhood (patch) analysis to predict the acute ischemic core and perfusion lesion volumes. The model was developed using 86 patient images, and then tested further on 22 images. Results XGBoost was the highest-performing algorithm. With standard threshold-based core and penumbra measures as the reference, the model demonstrated moderate agreement in segmenting core and penumbra on test images. Dice similarity coefficients for core and penumbra were 0.38 ± 0.26 and 0.50 ± 0.21, respectively, demonstrating moderate agreement. Skull-related image artefacts contributed to lower accuracy. Discussion Further development may enable us to move beyond the current overly simplistic core and penumbra definitions using single thresholds where a single error or artefact may lead to substantial error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freda Werdiger
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark W Parsons
- Southwestern Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Milanka Visser
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher Levi
- Hunter Medical Research Institution, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil Spratt
- Hunter Medical Research Institution, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Kleinig
- Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Longting Lin
- Hunter Medical Research Institution, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Bivard
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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16
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Yang W, Hoving JW, Koopman MS, Tolhuisen ML, van Voorst H, Berkheme OA, Coutinho JM, Beenen LFM, Emmer BJ. Agreement between estimated computed tomography perfusion ischemic core and follow-up infarct on diffusion-weighted imaging. Insights Imaging 2022; 13:191. [PMID: 36512159 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-022-01334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is frequently performed during the diagnostic workup of acute ischemic stroke patients. Yet, ischemic core estimates vary widely between different commercially available software packages. We assessed the volumetric and spatial agreement of the ischemic core on CTP with the follow-up infarct on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) using an automated software. METHODS We included successfully reperfused patients who underwent endovascular treatment (EVT) with CTP and follow-up DWI between November 2017 and September 2020. CTP data were processed with a fully automated software using relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) < 30% to estimate the ischemic core. The follow-up infarct was segmented on DWI imaging data, which were acquired at approximately 24 h. Ischemic core on CTP was compared with the follow-up infarct lesion on DWI using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Dice similarity coefficient (Dice). RESULTS In 59 patients, the median estimated core volume on CTP was 16 (IQR 8-47) mL. The follow-up infarct volume on DWI was 11 (IQR 6-42) mL. ICC was 0.60 (95% CI 0.33-0.76), indicating moderate volumetric agreement. Median Dice was 0.20 (IQR 0.01-0.35). The median positive predictive value was 0.24 (IQR 0.05-0.57), and the median sensitivity was 0.3 (IQR 0.13-0.47). Severe core overestimation on computed tomography perfusion > 50 mL occurred in 4/59 (7%) of the cases. CONCLUSIONS In patients with successful reperfusion after EVT, CTP-estimated ischemic core showed moderate volumetric and spatial agreement with the follow-up infarct lesion on DWI, similar to the most used commercially available CTP software packages. Severe ischemic core overestimation was relatively uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Yang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Hoving
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Miou S Koopman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon L Tolhuisen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van Voorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olvert A Berkheme
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan M Coutinho
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ludo F M Beenen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J Emmer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Garcia-Esperon C, Bivard A, Johns H, Chen C, Churilov L, Lin L, Butcher K, Kleinig TJ, Choi PMC, Cheng X, Dong Q, Aviv RI, Miteff F, Spratt NJ, Levi CR, Parsons MW. Association of Endovascular Thrombectomy With Functional Outcome in Patients With Acute Stroke With a Large Ischemic Core. Neurology 2022; 99:e1345-e1355. [PMID: 35803723 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is effective for patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke with smaller volumes of CT perfusion (CTP)-defined ischemic core. However, the benefit of EVT is unclear in those with a core volume >70 mL. We aimed to compare outcomes of EVT and non-EVT patients with an ischemic core volume ≥70 mL, hypothesizing that there would be a benefit from EVT for fair outcome (3-month modified Rankin scale [mRS] 0-3) after stroke. METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients enrolled into a multicenter (Australia, China, and Canada) registry (2012-2020) who underwent CTP within 24 hours of stroke onset and had a baseline ischemic core volume ≥70 mL was performed. The primary outcome was the estimation of the association of EVT in patients with core volume ≥70 mL and within 70-100 and ≥100 mL subgroups with fair outcome. RESULTS Of the 3,283 patients in the registry, 299 had CTP core volume ≥70 mL and 269 complete data (135 had core volume between 70 and 100 mL and 134 had core volume ≥100 mL). EVT was performed in 121 (45%) patients. EVT-treated patients were younger (median 69 vs 75 years; p = 0.011), had lower prestroke mRS, and smaller median core volumes (92 [79-116.5] mL vs 105.5 [85.75-138] mL, p = 0.004). EVT-treated patients had higher odds of achieving fair outcome in adjusted analysis (30% vs 13.9% in the non-EVT group; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.1, 95% CI 1-4.2, p = 0.038). The benefit was seen predominantly in those with 70-100 mL core volume (71/135 [52.6%] EVT-treated), with 54.3% in the EVT-treated vs 21% in the non-EVT group achieving a fair outcome (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1-6.2, p = 0.005). Of those with a core volume ≥100 mL, 50 of the 134 (37.3%) underwent EVT. Proportions of fair outcome were very low in both groups (8.1% vs 8.7%; p = 0.908). DISCUSSION We found a positive association of EVT with the 3-month outcome after stroke in patients with a baseline CTP ischemic core volume 70-100 mL but not in those with core volume ≥100 mL. Randomized data to confirm these findings are required. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that EVT is associated with better motor outcomes 3 months after CTP-defined ischemic stroke with a core volume of 70-100 mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Garcia-Esperon
- From the Department of Neurology (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., C.C., L.L., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), Newcastle; Melbourne Brain Center at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.B., H.J., L.C., M.W.P.), University of Melbourne, Parkville; Melbourne Medical School (H.J., L.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prince of Wales Clinical School (K.B.), University of New South Wales, Sydney; Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.J.K.); Box Hill Hospital (P.M.C.C.), Melbourne; Eastern Health Clinical School (P.M.C.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Huashan Hospital (X.C., Q.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Neuroradiology Section (R.I.A.), Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Neurology (L.L., M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Australia.
| | - Andrew Bivard
- From the Department of Neurology (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., C.C., L.L., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), Newcastle; Melbourne Brain Center at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.B., H.J., L.C., M.W.P.), University of Melbourne, Parkville; Melbourne Medical School (H.J., L.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prince of Wales Clinical School (K.B.), University of New South Wales, Sydney; Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.J.K.); Box Hill Hospital (P.M.C.C.), Melbourne; Eastern Health Clinical School (P.M.C.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Huashan Hospital (X.C., Q.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Neuroradiology Section (R.I.A.), Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Neurology (L.L., M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Australia
| | - Hannah Johns
- From the Department of Neurology (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., C.C., L.L., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), Newcastle; Melbourne Brain Center at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.B., H.J., L.C., M.W.P.), University of Melbourne, Parkville; Melbourne Medical School (H.J., L.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prince of Wales Clinical School (K.B.), University of New South Wales, Sydney; Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.J.K.); Box Hill Hospital (P.M.C.C.), Melbourne; Eastern Health Clinical School (P.M.C.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Huashan Hospital (X.C., Q.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Neuroradiology Section (R.I.A.), Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Neurology (L.L., M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Australia
| | - Chushuang Chen
- From the Department of Neurology (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., C.C., L.L., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), Newcastle; Melbourne Brain Center at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.B., H.J., L.C., M.W.P.), University of Melbourne, Parkville; Melbourne Medical School (H.J., L.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prince of Wales Clinical School (K.B.), University of New South Wales, Sydney; Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.J.K.); Box Hill Hospital (P.M.C.C.), Melbourne; Eastern Health Clinical School (P.M.C.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Huashan Hospital (X.C., Q.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Neuroradiology Section (R.I.A.), Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Neurology (L.L., M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- From the Department of Neurology (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., C.C., L.L., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), Newcastle; Melbourne Brain Center at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.B., H.J., L.C., M.W.P.), University of Melbourne, Parkville; Melbourne Medical School (H.J., L.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prince of Wales Clinical School (K.B.), University of New South Wales, Sydney; Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.J.K.); Box Hill Hospital (P.M.C.C.), Melbourne; Eastern Health Clinical School (P.M.C.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Huashan Hospital (X.C., Q.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Neuroradiology Section (R.I.A.), Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Neurology (L.L., M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Australia
| | - Longting Lin
- From the Department of Neurology (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., C.C., L.L., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), Newcastle; Melbourne Brain Center at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.B., H.J., L.C., M.W.P.), University of Melbourne, Parkville; Melbourne Medical School (H.J., L.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prince of Wales Clinical School (K.B.), University of New South Wales, Sydney; Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.J.K.); Box Hill Hospital (P.M.C.C.), Melbourne; Eastern Health Clinical School (P.M.C.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Huashan Hospital (X.C., Q.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Neuroradiology Section (R.I.A.), Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Neurology (L.L., M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Australia
| | - Kenneth Butcher
- From the Department of Neurology (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., C.C., L.L., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), Newcastle; Melbourne Brain Center at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.B., H.J., L.C., M.W.P.), University of Melbourne, Parkville; Melbourne Medical School (H.J., L.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prince of Wales Clinical School (K.B.), University of New South Wales, Sydney; Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.J.K.); Box Hill Hospital (P.M.C.C.), Melbourne; Eastern Health Clinical School (P.M.C.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Huashan Hospital (X.C., Q.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Neuroradiology Section (R.I.A.), Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Neurology (L.L., M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Australia
| | - Timothy J Kleinig
- From the Department of Neurology (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., C.C., L.L., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), Newcastle; Melbourne Brain Center at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.B., H.J., L.C., M.W.P.), University of Melbourne, Parkville; Melbourne Medical School (H.J., L.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prince of Wales Clinical School (K.B.), University of New South Wales, Sydney; Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.J.K.); Box Hill Hospital (P.M.C.C.), Melbourne; Eastern Health Clinical School (P.M.C.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Huashan Hospital (X.C., Q.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Neuroradiology Section (R.I.A.), Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Neurology (L.L., M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Australia
| | - Philip M C Choi
- From the Department of Neurology (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., C.C., L.L., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), Newcastle; Melbourne Brain Center at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.B., H.J., L.C., M.W.P.), University of Melbourne, Parkville; Melbourne Medical School (H.J., L.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prince of Wales Clinical School (K.B.), University of New South Wales, Sydney; Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.J.K.); Box Hill Hospital (P.M.C.C.), Melbourne; Eastern Health Clinical School (P.M.C.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Huashan Hospital (X.C., Q.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Neuroradiology Section (R.I.A.), Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Neurology (L.L., M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Australia
| | - Xin Cheng
- From the Department of Neurology (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., C.C., L.L., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), Newcastle; Melbourne Brain Center at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.B., H.J., L.C., M.W.P.), University of Melbourne, Parkville; Melbourne Medical School (H.J., L.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prince of Wales Clinical School (K.B.), University of New South Wales, Sydney; Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.J.K.); Box Hill Hospital (P.M.C.C.), Melbourne; Eastern Health Clinical School (P.M.C.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Huashan Hospital (X.C., Q.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Neuroradiology Section (R.I.A.), Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Neurology (L.L., M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Australia
| | - Qiang Dong
- From the Department of Neurology (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., C.C., L.L., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), Newcastle; Melbourne Brain Center at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.B., H.J., L.C., M.W.P.), University of Melbourne, Parkville; Melbourne Medical School (H.J., L.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prince of Wales Clinical School (K.B.), University of New South Wales, Sydney; Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.J.K.); Box Hill Hospital (P.M.C.C.), Melbourne; Eastern Health Clinical School (P.M.C.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Huashan Hospital (X.C., Q.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Neuroradiology Section (R.I.A.), Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Neurology (L.L., M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Australia
| | - Richard I Aviv
- From the Department of Neurology (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., C.C., L.L., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), Newcastle; Melbourne Brain Center at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.B., H.J., L.C., M.W.P.), University of Melbourne, Parkville; Melbourne Medical School (H.J., L.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prince of Wales Clinical School (K.B.), University of New South Wales, Sydney; Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.J.K.); Box Hill Hospital (P.M.C.C.), Melbourne; Eastern Health Clinical School (P.M.C.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Huashan Hospital (X.C., Q.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Neuroradiology Section (R.I.A.), Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Neurology (L.L., M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Australia
| | - Ferdinand Miteff
- From the Department of Neurology (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., C.C., L.L., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), Newcastle; Melbourne Brain Center at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.B., H.J., L.C., M.W.P.), University of Melbourne, Parkville; Melbourne Medical School (H.J., L.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prince of Wales Clinical School (K.B.), University of New South Wales, Sydney; Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.J.K.); Box Hill Hospital (P.M.C.C.), Melbourne; Eastern Health Clinical School (P.M.C.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Huashan Hospital (X.C., Q.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Neuroradiology Section (R.I.A.), Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Neurology (L.L., M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Australia
| | - Neil J Spratt
- From the Department of Neurology (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., C.C., L.L., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), Newcastle; Melbourne Brain Center at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.B., H.J., L.C., M.W.P.), University of Melbourne, Parkville; Melbourne Medical School (H.J., L.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prince of Wales Clinical School (K.B.), University of New South Wales, Sydney; Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.J.K.); Box Hill Hospital (P.M.C.C.), Melbourne; Eastern Health Clinical School (P.M.C.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Huashan Hospital (X.C., Q.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Neuroradiology Section (R.I.A.), Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Neurology (L.L., M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Australia
| | - Christopher R Levi
- From the Department of Neurology (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., C.C., L.L., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), Newcastle; Melbourne Brain Center at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.B., H.J., L.C., M.W.P.), University of Melbourne, Parkville; Melbourne Medical School (H.J., L.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prince of Wales Clinical School (K.B.), University of New South Wales, Sydney; Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.J.K.); Box Hill Hospital (P.M.C.C.), Melbourne; Eastern Health Clinical School (P.M.C.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Huashan Hospital (X.C., Q.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Neuroradiology Section (R.I.A.), Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Neurology (L.L., M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Australia
| | - Mark W Parsons
- From the Department of Neurology (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., C.C., L.L., F.M., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.), Newcastle; Melbourne Brain Center at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.B., H.J., L.C., M.W.P.), University of Melbourne, Parkville; Melbourne Medical School (H.J., L.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prince of Wales Clinical School (K.B.), University of New South Wales, Sydney; Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.J.K.); Box Hill Hospital (P.M.C.C.), Melbourne; Eastern Health Clinical School (P.M.C.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Huashan Hospital (X.C., Q.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Neuroradiology Section (R.I.A.), Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Neurology (L.L., M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Australia
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Katyal A, Bhaskar SMM. Value of pre-intervention computed tomography perfusion imaging in the assessment of tissue outcome and long-term clinical prognosis in patients with anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke receiving reperfusion therapy: a systematic review. Acta Radiol 2022; 63:1243-1254. [PMID: 34342497 DOI: 10.1177/02841851211035892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging has emerged as an important adjunct to the current armamentarium of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) workflow. However, its adoption in routine clinical practice is far from optimal. PURPOSE To investigate the putative association of CTP imaging biomarkers in the assessment of prognosis in acute ischemic stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a systematic review of the literature using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials focusing on CTP biomarkers, tissue-based and clinical-based patient outcomes. We included randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, and case-controlled studies published from January 2005 to 28 August 2020. Two independent reviewers conducted the study appraisal, data extraction, and quality assessment of the studies. RESULTS A total of 60 full-text studies were included in the final systematic review analysis. Increasing infarct core volume is associated with reduced odds of achieving functional independence (modified Rankin score 0-2) at 90 days and is correlated with the final infarct volume when reperfusion is achieved. CONCLUSION CTP has value in assessing tissue perfusion status in the hyperacute stroke setting and the long-term clinical prognosis of patients with AIS receiving reperfusion therapy. However, the prognostic use of CTP requires optimization and further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhav Katyal
- Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Clinical Sciences Stream, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,University of New South Wales (UNSW), South West Sydney Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonu Menachem Maimonides Bhaskar
- Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Clinical Sciences Stream, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Liverpool Hospital & South West Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD), Department of Neurology & Neurophysiology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,NSW Brain Clot Bank, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Thrombolysis and Endovascular WorkFLOw Network (TEFLON), Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Rodríguez-Vázquez A, Laredo C, Renú A, Rudilosso S, Llull L, Amaro S, Obach V, Vera V, Páez A, Oleaga L, Urra X, Chamorro Á. Optimizing the Definition of Ischemic Core in CT Perfusion: Influence of Infarct Growth and Tissue-Specific Thresholds. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1265-1270. [PMID: 35981763 PMCID: PMC9451632 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE CTP allows estimating ischemic core in patients with acute stroke. However, these estimations have limited accuracy compared with MR imaging. We studied the effect of applying WM- and GM-specific thresholds and analyzed the infarct growth from baseline imaging to reperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a single-center cohort of consecutive patients (n = 113) with witnessed strokes due to proximal carotid territory occlusions with baseline CT perfusion, complete reperfusion, and follow-up DWI. We segmented GM and WM, coregistered CTP with DWI, and compared the accuracy of the different predictions for each voxel on DWI through receiver operating characteristic analysis. We assessed the yield of different relative CBF thresholds to predict the final infarct volume and an estimated infarct growth-corrected volume (subtracting the infarct growth from baseline imaging to complete reperfusion) for a single relative CBF threshold and GM- and WM-specific thresholds. RESULTS The fixed threshold underestimated lesions in GM and overestimated them in WM. Double GM- and WM-specific thresholds of relative CBF were superior to fixed thresholds in predicting infarcted voxels. The closest estimations of the infarct on DWI were based on a relative CBF of 25% for a single threshold, 35% for GM, and 20% for WM, and they decreased when correcting for infarct growth: 20% for a single threshold, 25% for GM, and 15% for WM. The combination of 25% for GM and 15% for WM yielded the best prediction. CONCLUSIONS GM- and WM-specific thresholds result in different estimations of ischemic core in CTP and increase the global accuracy. More restrictive thresholds better estimate the actual extent of the infarcted tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rodríguez-Vázquez
- From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (A.R.-V., C.L., A.R., S.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., V.V., X.U., A.C.), Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases
| | - C Laredo
- From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (A.R.-V., C.L., A.R., S.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., V.V., X.U., A.C.), Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases
| | - A Renú
- From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (A.R.-V., C.L., A.R., S.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., V.V., X.U., A.C.), Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (A.R., S.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., X.U., A.C.), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona (A.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., X.U., A.C.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Rudilosso
- From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (A.R.-V., C.L., A.R., S.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., V.V., X.U., A.C.), Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (A.R., S.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., X.U., A.C.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Llull
- From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (A.R.-V., C.L., A.R., S.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., V.V., X.U., A.C.), Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (A.R., S.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., X.U., A.C.), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona (A.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., X.U., A.C.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Amaro
- From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (A.R.-V., C.L., A.R., S.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., V.V., X.U., A.C.), Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (A.R., S.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., X.U., A.C.), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona (A.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., X.U., A.C.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Obach
- From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (A.R.-V., C.L., A.R., S.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., V.V., X.U., A.C.), Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (A.R., S.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., X.U., A.C.), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona (A.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., X.U., A.C.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Vera
- From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (A.R.-V., C.L., A.R., S.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., V.V., X.U., A.C.), Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases
| | - A Páez
- Radiology Department (A.P., L.O.), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Oleaga
- Radiology Department (A.P., L.O.), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Urra
- From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (A.R.-V., C.L., A.R., S.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., V.V., X.U., A.C.), Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (A.R., S.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., X.U., A.C.), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona (A.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., X.U., A.C.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Á Chamorro
- From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (A.R.-V., C.L., A.R., S.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., V.V., X.U., A.C.), Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (A.R., S.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., X.U., A.C.), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona (A.R., L.L., S.A., V.O., X.U., A.C.), Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Prognosis with non-contrast CT and CT Perfusion imaging in thrombolysis-treated acute ischemic stroke. Eur J Radiol 2022; 149:110217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Sarraj A, Parsons M, Bivard A, Hassan AE, Abraham MG, Wu T, Kleinig T, Lin L, Chen C(A, Levi C, Dong Q, Cheng X, Butcher KS, Choi P, Yassi N, Shah D, Sharma G, Pujara D, Shaker F, Blackburn S, Dewey H, Thijs V, Sitton CW, Donnan GA, Mitchell PJ, Yan B, Grotta JG, Albers GW, Davis SM, Campbell B. Endovascular Thrombectomy versus Medical Management in Isolated
M2
Occlusions: Pooled
Patient‐Level
Analysis from the
EXTEND‐IA
Trials,
INSPIRE
and
SELECT
Studies. Ann Neurol 2022; 91:629-639. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.26331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amrou Sarraj
- Case Western Reserve University, Neurology Cleveland OH USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH USA
| | - Mark Parsons
- The University of New South Wales, Neurology Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Andrew Bivard
- The Melbourne Brain Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne, Neurology Parkville Victoria Australia
- The University of Newcastle, Stroke and Brain Injury Center Callaghan NSW, Australia Australia
| | - Ameer E Hassan
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley ‐ Valley Baptist Medical Center, Neurology Harlingen TX USA
| | | | - Teddy Wu
- Christchurch Hospital, Neurology Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Timothy Kleinig
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Neurology Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Longting Lin
- John Hunter Hospital University of Newcastle, Neurology Australia
| | | | - Christopher Levi
- John Hunter Hospital University of Newcastle, Neurology Australia
| | - Qiang Dong
- Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Neurology Shanghai China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Neurology Shanghai China
| | - Ken S Butcher
- The University of New South Wales, Neurology Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Philip Choi
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Nawaf Yassi
- The Melbourne Brain Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne, Neurology Parkville Victoria Australia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Population Health and Immunity Division Parkville Australia
| | - Darshan Shah
- Gold Coast University Hospital, Neurology Southport Queensland Australia
| | - Gagan Sharma
- The Melbourne Brain Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne, Neurology Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Deep Pujara
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH USA
| | - Faris Shaker
- UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Neurosurgery Houston TX USA
| | | | - Helen Dewey
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Vincent Thijs
- Stroke Theme, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Melbourne Heidelberg VIC AUS
| | - Clark W Sitton
- UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging Houston TX USA
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- The Melbourne Brain Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne, Neurology Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Peter J Mitchell
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne, Radiology Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Bernard Yan
- The Melbourne Brain Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne, Neurology Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - James G Grotta
- Memorial Hermann – Texas Medical Center, Neurology Houston TX USA
| | - Gregory W. Albers
- Stanford University Medical Center, Neurology and Neurological Sciences Stanford CA USA
| | - Stephen M Davis
- The Melbourne Brain Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne, Neurology Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Bruce Campbell
- The Melbourne Brain Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne, Neurology Parkville Victoria Australia
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22
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Dzialowski I, Puetz V, Parsons M, Bivard A, von Kummer R. Computed Tomography-Based Evaluation of Cerebrovascular Disease. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Gao L, Bivard A, Parsons M, Spratt NJ, Levi C, Butcher K, Kleinig T, Yan B, Dong Q, Cheng X, Lou M, Yin C, Chen C, Wang P, Lin L, Choi P, Miteff F, Moodie M. Real-World Cost-Effectiveness of Late Time Window Thrombectomy for Patients With Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 12:780894. [PMID: 34970213 PMCID: PMC8712752 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.780894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To compare the cost-effectiveness of providing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for patients with ischemic stroke in the >4.5 h time window between patient groups who met and did not meet the perfusion imaging trial criteria. Methods: A discrete event simulation (DES) model was developed to simulate the long-term outcome post EVT in patients meeting or not meeting the extended time window clinical trial perfusion imaging criteria at presentation, vs. medical treatment alone (including intravenous thrombolysis). The effectiveness of thrombectomy in patients meeting the landmark trial criteria (DEFUSE 3 and DAWN) was derived from a prospective cohort study of Australian patients who received EVT for ischemic stroke, between 2015 and 2019, in the extended time window (>4.5 h). Results: Endovascular thrombectomy was shown to be a cost-effective treatment for patients satisfying the clinical trial criteria in our prospective cohort [incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $11,608/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) for DEFUSE 3-postive or $34,416/QALY for DAWN-positive]. However, offering EVT to patients outside of clinical trial criteria was associated with reduced benefit (−1.02 QALY for DEFUSE 3; −1.43 QALY for DAWN) and higher long-term patient costs ($8,955 for DEFUSE 3; $9,271 for DAWN), thereby making it unlikely to be cost-effective in Australia. Conclusions: Treating patients not meeting the DAWN or DEFUSE 3 clinical trial criteria in the extended time window for EVT was associated with less gain in QALYs and higher cost. Caution should be exercised when considering this procedure for patients not satisfying the trial perfusion imaging criteria for EVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Gao
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Bivard
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Parsons
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Departments of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurology, UNSW South Western Clinical School, Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil J Spratt
- Departments of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Levi
- Departments of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenneth Butcher
- Department of Neurology, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy Kleinig
- Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Bernard Yan
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Lou
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congguo Yin
- Department of Neurology, Hangzhou First Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chushuang Chen
- Departments of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Peng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longting Lin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip Choi
- Department of Neurology, Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Ferdinand Miteff
- Departments of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Marj Moodie
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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24
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Rodrigues GM, Mohammaden MH, Haussen DC, Bouslama M, Ravindran K, Pisani L, Prater A, Frankel MR, Nogueira RG. Ghost infarct core following endovascular reperfusion: A risk for computed tomography perfusion misguided selection in stroke. Int J Stroke 2021; 17:17474930211056228. [PMID: 34796765 DOI: 10.1177/17474930211056228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) has been increasingly used for patient selection in mechanical thrombectomy for stroke. However, previous studies suggested that CTP might overestimate the infarct size. The term ghost infarct core (GIC) has been used to describe an overestimation of the final infarct volumes by pre-treatment CTP of >10 ml. AIM We sought to study the frequency and predictors of GIC. METHODS A prospectively collected mechanical thrombectomy database at a comprehensive stroke center between September 2010 and August 2020 was reviewed. Patients were included if they had a successful reperfusion (mTICI2b-3), a pre-procedure CTP, and final infarct volume measured on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. Uni- and multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictors of GIC. RESULTS Among 923 eligible patients (median [IQR] age, 64 [55-75] years; NIHSS, 16 [11-21]; onset to reperfusion time, 436.5 [286-744.5] min), GIC was identified in 77 (8.3%) of the overall patients and in 14% (47/335) of those reperfused within 6 h of symptom onset. The median overestimation volume was 23.2 [16.4-38.3] mL. GIC was associated with higher NIHSS score, larger areas of infarct core and tissue at risk on CTP, unfavorable collateral scores, and shorter times from onset to image acquisition and to reperfusion as compared to non-GIC. Patients with GIC had smaller median final infarct volumes (10.7 vs. 27.1 ml, p < 0.001), higher chances of functional independence (76.2% vs. 55.5%, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.829, 95% CI [1.505-9.737], p = 0.005), lower disability (one-point-mRS improvement, aOR 1.761, 95% CI [1.044-2.981], p = 0.03), and lower mortality (6.3% vs. 15%, aOR 0.119, 95% CI [0.014-0.984], p = 0.048) at 90 days. On multivariable analysis, time from onset to reperfusion ≤6 h (OR 3.184, 95% CI [1.743-5.815], p < 0.001), poor collaterals (OR 2.688, 95% CI [1.466-4.931], p = 0.001), and higher NIHSS score (OR 1.060, 95% CI [1.010-1.113], p = 0.018) were independent predictors of GIC. CONCLUSION GIC is a relatively common entity, particularly in patients with poor collateral status, higher baseline NIHSS score, and early presentation, and is associated with more favorable outcomes. Patients should not be excluded from reperfusion therapies on the sole basis of CTP findings, especially in the early window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M Rodrigues
- Marcus Stroke & Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mahmoud H Mohammaden
- Marcus Stroke & Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Diogo C Haussen
- Marcus Stroke & Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mehdi Bouslama
- Marcus Stroke & Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Krishnan Ravindran
- Marcus Stroke & Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Leonardo Pisani
- Marcus Stroke & Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam Prater
- Marcus Stroke & Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael R Frankel
- Marcus Stroke & Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Raul G Nogueira
- Marcus Stroke & Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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25
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Bivard A, Churilov L, Ma H, Levi C, Campbell B, Yassi N, Meretoja A, Zhao H, Sharma G, Chen C, Davis S, Donnan G, Yan B, Parsons M. Does variability in automated perfusion software outputs for acute ischemic stroke matter? Reanalysis of EXTEND perfusion imaging. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 28:139-144. [PMID: 34786868 PMCID: PMC8673699 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We reprocessed the Extending the time for Thrombolysis in Emergency Neurological Deficits (EXTEND) perfusion imaging with a different automated software with the aim of comparing mismatch eligibility and outcomes. Methods EXTEND baseline perfusion imaging data were reprocessed using autoMIStar software to identify patients who were eligible based on the same target mismatch criteria as per the original trial. Results From the 225 patients fulfilling RAPID‐based mismatch criteria randomized in the EXTEND study, 196 (87%) patients met the revised mismatch criteria. Most common reasons for not meeting revised criteria were core >70 ml (n = 9), and no perfusion lesion/lack of penumbral tissue (n = 20). The revised perfusion lesion volumes were significantly smaller compared to the original RAPID volumes (median 68 ml IQR 34–102 ml vs. 42 ml 16–92 ml, p = 0.036). Of the patients who met the revised mismatch criteria, 40% receiving alteplase had modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–1 at 3‐month compared to 28% with placebo (Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.23, CI 1.08–4.58, p = 0.028). In contrast, in the original mismatch cohort, 35% receiving alteplase had mRS 0–1 at 3‐month compared to 30% with placebo (adjusted OR = 1.88, p = 0.056). Conclusions These data reinforce the benefit of alteplase in the later time window, and suggest that differences in automated perfusion imaging software outputs may be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bivard
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Henry Ma
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher Levi
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce Campbell
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nawaf Yassi
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Atte Meretoja
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henry Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gagan Sharma
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chushuang Chen
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Davis
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Donnan
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bernard Yan
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Parsons
- Department of Neurology Liverpool Hospital, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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26
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Davis SM, Donnan GA. Ischemic Penumbra: A Personal View. Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 50:656-665. [PMID: 34736251 DOI: 10.1159/000519730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of the ischemic penumbra was defined over 40 years ago by Lindsay Symon and his group and is now an established principle of all acute ischemic stroke therapies. These reperfusion treatments rescue threatened, critically hypoperfused brain tissue and have been proven to improve clinical outcomes. We have been fortunate to have observed and played a small part in the penumbral story from its beginnings in the 1970s to its pivotal position today. Over this period, we have witnessed penumbral imaging evolve from positron emission tomography through to magnetic resonance imaging and now predominantly computed tomography perfusion, with the advent of automated imaging facilitating case selection for reperfusion therapies. We and others have conducted clinical trials using penumbral imaging to extend the time window for intravenous thrombolysis and select patients for thrombectomy. Together with the concept of fast- and slow-growing ischemic infarct patterns, this embeds the penumbral principle in everyday clinical management. The opportunity now exists to make penumbral imaging even more portable, affordable, and more widely available using mobile platforms, novel imaging techniques, digital linkage, and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Davis
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Morotti A, Busto G, Bernardoni A, Marini S, Casetta I, Fainardi E. Association Between Perihematomal Perfusion and Intracerebral Hemorrhage Outcome. Neurocrit Care 2021; 33:525-532. [PMID: 32043266 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-00929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic impact of perihematomal hypoperfusion in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that perihematomal hypoperfusion predicts poor ICH outcome and explored whether hematoma growth (HG) is the pathophysiological mechanism behind this association. METHODS A prospectively collected single-center cohort of consecutive ICH patients undergoing computed tomography perfusion on admission was analyzed. Cerebral blood flow (pCBF) was measured in the manually outlined perihematomal low-density area. pCBF was categorized into normal (40-55 mL/100 g/min), low (< 40 mL/100 g/min), and high (> 55 mL/100 g/min). HG was calculated as total volume increase from baseline to follow-up CT. A modified Rankin scale > 2 at three months was the outcome of interest. The association between cerebral perfusion and outcome was investigated with logistic regression, and potential mediators of this relationship were explored with mediation analysis. RESULTS A total of 155 subjects were included, of whom 55 (35.5%) had poor outcome. The rates of normal pCBF, low pCBF, and high pCBF were 17.4%, 68.4%, and 14.2%, respectively. After adjustment for confounders and keeping subjects with normal pCBF as reference, the risk of poor outcome was increased in patients with pCBF < 40 mL/100 g/min (odds ratio 6.11, 95% confidence interval 1.09-34.35, p = 0.040). HG was inversely correlated with pCBF (R = -0.292, p < 0.001) and mediated part of the association between pCBF and outcome (proportion mediated: 82%, p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Reduced pCBF is associated with poor ICH outcome in patients with mild-moderate severity. HG appears a plausible biological mediator but does not fully account for this association, and other mechanisms might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Morotti
- Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Busto
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernardoni
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Radiology, Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandro Marini
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Ilaria Casetta
- Section of Neurology, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Fainardi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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28
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Bivard A, Levi C, Lin L, Cheng X, Aviv R, Spratt NJ, Kleinig T, Butcher K, Chen C, Dong Q, Parsons M. Assessing the Relative Value of CT Perfusion Compared to Non-contrast CT and CT Angiography in Prognosticating Reperfusion-Eligible Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. Front Neurol 2021; 12:736768. [PMID: 34566877 PMCID: PMC8458833 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.736768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we sought to measure the relative statistical value of various multimodal CT protocols at identifying treatment responsiveness in patients being considered for thrombolysis. We used a prospectively collected cohort of acute ischemic stroke patients being assessed for IV-alteplase, who had CT-perfusion (CTP) and CT-angiography (CTA) before a treatment decision. Linear regression and receiver operator characteristic curve analysis were performed to measure the prognostic value of models incorporating each imaging modality. One thousand five hundred and sixty-two sub-4.5 h ischemic stroke patients were included in this study. A model including clinical variables, alteplase treatment, and NCCT ASPECTS was weak (R2 0.067, P < 0.001, AUC 0.605) at predicting 90 day mRS. A second model, including dynamic CTA variables (collateral grade, occlusion severity) showed better predictive accuracy for patient outcome (R2 0.381, P < 0.001, AUC 0.781). A third model incorporating CTP variables showed very high predictive accuracy (R2 0.488, P < 0.001, AUC 0.899). Combining all three imaging modalities variables also showed good predictive accuracy for outcome but did not improve on the CTP model (R2 0.439, P < 0.001, AUC 0.825). CT perfusion predicts patient outcomes from alteplase therapy more accurately than models incorporating NCCT and/or CT angiography. This data has implications for artificial intelligence or machine learning models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bivard
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher Levi
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Longting Lin
- Department of Neurology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Southwestern Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Richard Aviv
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil J Spratt
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Kleinig
- Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kenneth Butcher
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chushuang Chen
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Southwestern Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Parsons
- Department of Neurology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Southwestern Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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29
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Cao W, Ling Y, Yang L, Wu F, Zhang H, Cheng X, Dong Q. Association of Admission NIHSS Score with Infarct Core Volume and Target Mismatch of Infarct Core/Penumbra Volume on CT Perfusion in Acute Ischaemic Stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 50:700-706. [PMID: 34289485 DOI: 10.1159/000515167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurological impairment is associated with collateral status in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). We aimed to validate the association between admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (aNIHSS) score and infarct core volume (ICV) and target infarct core/penumbra volume mismatch (TMM) on CT perfusion (CTP) in AIS patients. METHODS Patients with acute middle cerebral artery or internal carotid artery occlusion from 2011 to 2020 were included. All patients underwent pretreatment CTP at admission. ICV and TMM were analyzed with MIStar software on CTP maps. aNIHSS scores and clinical characteristics of patients were obtained from our prospectively recorded stroke database. RESULTS We recruited 182 patients with a median age of 69.5 years; 85 (63.7%) were male, and the median aNIHSS score was 14. Of those, 149 (81.8%) had an ICV < 70 mL, and 139 (76.3%) had TMM. Lower aNIHSS was associated with an ICV < 70 mL, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74, and TMM with an AUC of 0.76. Among all 15 items of the aNIHSS, the gaze score was the only item independently associated with an ICV < 70 mL (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22-0.79, p = 0.008) and TMM (adjusted OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.28-0.9, p = 0.021). One or both aNIHSS ≤ 16 and gaze score = 0 predicted TMM with a sensitivity of 0.79 and a specificity of 0.62. CONCLUSION aNIHSS may be a useful tool to predict an ICV < 70 mL and TMM on CTP in AIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Cao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Ling
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lumeng Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Camara R, Matei N, Zhang JH. Evolution of the stroke paradigm: A review of delayed recanalization. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:945-957. [PMID: 33325765 PMCID: PMC8054720 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20978861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While the time window for reperfusion after ischemic stroke continues to increase, many patients are not candidates for reperfusion under current guidelines that allow for reperfusion within 24 h after last known well time; however, many case studies report favorable outcomes beyond 24 h after symptom onset for both spontaneous and medically induced recanalization. Furthermore, modern imaging allows for identification of penumbra at extended time points, and reperfusion risk factors and complications are becoming better understood. Taken together, continued urgency exists to better understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms and ideal setting of delayed recanalization beyond 24 h after onset of ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Camara
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Nathanael Matei
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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31
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Karhi S, Tähtinen O, Aherto J, Matikka H, Manninen H, Nerg O, Taina M, Jäkälä P, Vanninen R. Effect of different thresholds for CT perfusion volumetric analysis on estimated ischemic core and penumbral volumes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249772. [PMID: 33882098 PMCID: PMC8059822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This single-center study compared three threshold settings for automated analysis of the ischemic core (IC) and penumbral volumes using computed tomographic perfusion, and their accuracy for predicting final infarct volume (FIV) in patients with anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods Fifty-two consecutive AIS patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (November 2015–March 2018) were included. Perfusion images were retrospectively analyzed using a single CT Neuro perfusion application (syngo.via 4.1, Siemens Healthcare GmbH). Three threshold values (S1–S3) were derived from another commercial package (RAPID; iSchema View) (S1), up-to-date syngo.via default values (S2), and adapted values for syngo.via from a reference study (S3). The results were compared with FIV determined by non-contrast CT. Results The median IC volume (mL) was 24.6 (interquartile range: 13.7–58.1) with S1 and 30.1 (20.1–53.1) with S2/S3. After removing the contralateral hemisphere from the analysis, the median IC volume decreased by 1.33(0–3.14) with S1 versus 9.13 (6.24–14.82) with S2/S3. The median penumbral volume (mL) was 74.52 (49.64–131.91), 77.86 (46.56–99.23), and 173.23 (125.86–200.64) for S1, S2, and S3, respectively. Limiting analysis to the affected hemisphere, the penumbral volume decreased by 1.6 (0.13–9.02), 19.29 (12.59–26.52), and 58.33 mL (45.53–74.84) for S1, S2, and S3, respectively. The correlation between IC and FIV was highest in patients with successful recanalization (n = 34, r = 0.784 for S1; r = 0.797 for S2/S3). Conclusion Optimizing thresholds significantly improves the accuracy of estimated IC and penumbral volumes. Current recommended values produce diversified results. International guidelines based on larger multicenter studies should be established to support the standardization of volumetric analysis in clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simo Karhi
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Olli Tähtinen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joona Aherto
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna Matikka
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Manninen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ossi Nerg
- Unit of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neuro Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Taina
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Jäkälä
- Unit of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neuro Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ritva Vanninen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Effects of Early Rehydration on Brain Perfusion and Infarct Core after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040439. [PMID: 33805440 PMCID: PMC8066368 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging evidence for the effect of rehydration on cerebral perfusion and brain ischemia has never been proposed in the literature. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that early rehydration treatment can improve cerebral perfusion and decrease infarct volume, consequently reducing mortality of dehydrated stroke animals. Methods: Thirty dehydrated experimental rats were randomly assigned to either a rehydration or control group after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast enhancement perfusion imaging were performed at 30 min and 6 h after MCAO using a 9.4T MR imaging scanner to measure the infarct volume and brain perfusion. Results: The survival rates after the first MRI scan were 91.7% for the rehydration group and 58.3% for the control group (p = 0.059). The survival rates after the second MRI scan were 66.7% for the rehydration group, and 8.3% of the control group survived (p = 0.003). The infarct volume of the rehydration group was significantly smaller than control group at 30 min after MCAO (p = 0.007). The delay time and time to maximum were significantly shorter in the rehydration group at 30 min (p = 0.004 and 0.035, respectively). Conclusions: The findings suggest that early rehydration therapy can decrease the infarct volume, shorten the delay time of cerebral perfusion, and increase survival of dehydrated ischemic-stroke rats. This preliminary study provided imaging evidence that more intensive early hydration therapies and reperfusion strategies may be necessary for acute stroke patients with dehydrated status.
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Role of neuroimaging before reperfusion therapy. Part 1 - IV thrombolysis - Review. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2021; 177:908-918. [PMID: 33455833 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review paper summarises the yield of the different imaging modalities in the evaluation of patients for IV thrombolysis. Non-contrast CT and CTA or brain MRI combined with MRA are the recommended sequences for the evaluation of patients within the 4.5 hours time window. Multimodal MRI (DWI/PWI), and more recently, CT perfusion, offer reliable surrogate of salvageable penumbra, the target mismatch, which is now currently used as selection criteria for revascularisation treatment in an extended time window. Those sequences may also help the physician for the management of other limited cases when the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke is difficult. Another approach the DWI/FLAIR mismatch has been proposed to identify among wake-up stroke patients those who have been experiencing an acute ischemic stroke evolving from less than 4.5hrs. Other biomarkers, such as the clot imaging on MRI and CT, help to predict the recanalisation rate after IVT, while the impact of the presence microbleeds on MRI remains to be determined.
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Scheving WL, Froehler M, Hart K, McNaughton CD, Ward MJ. Inter-facility transfer for patients with acute large vessel occlusion stroke receiving mechanical thrombectomy. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 39:132-136. [PMID: 33039216 PMCID: PMC7736132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the preferred treatment for large vessel occlusion (LVO) ischemic stroke, and neurological outcome improves with earlier treatment. Patients with LVO frequently require inter-facility transfer to access MT but delays at transferring EDs may worsen neurological outcomes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study to evaluate the association of time spent and transferring EDs with 90-day neurological outcomes among patients who were transferred from an outside ED to the Comprehensive Stroke Center and received MT. Time intervals at transferring EDs were examined descriptively, and multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to examine the association of time spent in the ED with 90-day neurologic outcome (modified Rankin Scale; good ≤2, poor ≥3). RESULTS Among 111 patients transferred to a stroke center for MT between 2013 and 2017, the time between CT scan and the stroke center transfer request was 44 (IQR 27,65) minutes, or 47% of transferring ED total duration. Duration at the transferring ED was not significantly associated with 90-day outcome. Only NIH Stroke Scale at the time of arrival to the stroke center was associated with good 90-day neurological outcome (aOR 0.84, 95%CI 0.77, 0.92, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Among LVO patients transferred for MT, the total time spent at transferring EDs was not associated with 90-day neurologic outcome in patients with LVO. As therapies and their associated effectiveness improves over time, future investigations should further characterize the time between CT and transfer request to identify targets for process improvement and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Scheving
- University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Michael Froehler
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Kimberly Hart
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Biostatistics, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Candace D McNaughton
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine. Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers (GRECC), VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Michael J Ward
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine. VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, 1313 21st Ave. S. Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Garcia-Esperon C, Visser M, Churilov L, Miteff F, Bivard A, Lillicrap T, Levi CR, Spratt NJ, Parsons MW. Role of Computed Tomography Perfusion in Identification of Acute Lacunar Stroke Syndromes. Stroke 2020; 52:339-343. [PMID: 33370180 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lacunar syndromes correlate with a lacunar stroke on imaging in 50% to 60% of cases. Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is becoming the preferred imaging modality for acute stroke triage. We aimed to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for noncontrast computed tomography and CTP in lacunar syndromes, and for cortical, subcortical, and posterior fossa regions. METHODS A retrospective analysis of confirmed ischemic stroke patients who underwent acute CTP and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging between 2010 and 2018 was performed. Brain noncontrast computed tomography and CTP were assessed independently by 2 stroke neurologists. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to estimate sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) for the detection of strokes in patients with lacunar syndromes using different CTP maps. RESULTS We found 106 clinical lacunar syndromes, but on diffusion-weighted imaging, these consisted of 59 lacunar, 33 cortical, and 14 posterior fossa strokes. The discrimination of ischemia identification was very poor using noncontrast computed tomography in all 3 regions, but good for cortical (AUC, 0.82) and poor for subcortical and posterior regions (AUCs, 0.55 and 0.66) using automated core-penumbra maps. The addition of delay time and mean transient time maps substantially increased subcortical (AUC, 0.80) and slightly posterior stroke detection (AUC, 0.69). CONCLUSIONS Analysis of mean transient time and delay time maps in combination with core-penumbra maps improves detection of subcortical and posterior strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Garcia-Esperon
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S.).,Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., F.M., T.L., C.R.L., N.J.S., M.W.P.)
| | - Milanka Visser
- Department of Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (M.V., L.C., A.B., M.W.P.)
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Department of Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (M.V., L.C., A.B., M.W.P.).,Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne Medical School, Austin Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (L.C.)
| | - Ferdinand Miteff
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S.).,Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., F.M., T.L., C.R.L., N.J.S., M.W.P.)
| | - Andrew Bivard
- Department of Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (M.V., L.C., A.B., M.W.P.)
| | - Thomas Lillicrap
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., F.M., T.L., C.R.L., N.J.S., M.W.P.)
| | - Christopher R Levi
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., F.M., T.L., C.R.L., N.J.S., M.W.P.).,Maridulu budyari gumal, The Sydney Partnership for Health Education Research & Enterprise (SPHERE), University of New South Wales, Australia (C.R.L.)
| | - Neil J Spratt
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., F.M., N.J.S.).,Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., F.M., T.L., C.R.L., N.J.S., M.W.P.)
| | - Mark W Parsons
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Australia (C.G.-E., F.M., T.L., C.R.L., N.J.S., M.W.P.).,Department of Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (M.V., L.C., A.B., M.W.P.)
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Abstract
The discovery that brain tissue could potentially be salvaged from ischaemia due to stroke, has led to major advances in the development of therapies for ischemic stroke. In this review, we detail the advances in the understanding of this area termed the ischaemic penumbra, from its discovery to the evolution of imaging techniques, and finally some of the treatments developed. Evolving from animal studies from the 70s and 80s and translated to clinical practice, the field of ischemic reperfusion therapy has largely been guided by an array of imaging techniques developed to positively identify the ischemic penumbra, including positron emission tomography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. More recently, numerous penumbral identification imaging studies have allowed for a better understanding of the progression of the ischaemic core at the expense of the penumbra, and identification of patients than can benefit from reperfusion therapies in the acute phase. Importantly, 40 years of critical imaging research on the ischaemic penumbra have allowed for considerable extension of the treatment time window and better patient selection for reperfusion therapy. The translation of the penumbra concept into routine clinical practice has shown that "tissue is at least as important as time."
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Ermine
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Bivard
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mark W Parsons
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jean-Claude Baron
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
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Nitroglycerin Is Not Associated with Improved Cerebral Perfusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Can J Neurol Sci 2020; 48:349-357. [PMID: 32799944 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2020.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was conducted to test the hypothesis that nitroglycerin (NTG) increases cerebral perfusion focally and globally in acute ischemic stroke patients, using serial perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) magnetic resonance imaging measurements. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-five patients underwent PWI immediately before and 72 h after administration of a transdermal NTG patch or no treatment. Patients with baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) > 100 mmHg (NTG group, n = 20) were treated with transdermal NTG (0.2 mg/h) for 72 h, without a nitrate-free interval. Patients with MAP ≤ 100 mmHg (untreated group, n = 15) were not treated. The primary outcome measure was absolute cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the hypoperfused region at 72 h. RESULTS The mean baseline absolute CBF in the hypoperfused region was similar in the NTG group (33.3 ± 10.2 ml/100 g/min) and untreated (32.7 ± 8.4 ml/100 g/min, p = 0.4) groups. The median (IQR) baseline infarct volume was 10.4 (2.5-49.3) ml in the NTG group and 32.6 (8.6-96.7) ml in the untreated group (p = 0.09). MAP change in the NTG group was 1.2 ± 12.6 and 8 ± 20.7 mmHg at 2 h and 72 h, respectively. Mean absolute CBF in the hypoperfused region at 72 h was similar in the NTG (29.9 ± 12 ml/100 g/min) and untreated groups (24.1 ± 10 ml/100 g/min, p = 0.8). The median infarct volume increased in untreated (11.8 (5.7-44.2) ml) than the NTG group (3.2 (0.5-16.5) ml; p = 0.033) on univariate analysis, however, there was no difference on regression analysis. CONCLUSION NTG was not associated with improvement in cerebral perfusion in acute ischemic stroke patients.
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Cooper S, Bendinelli C, Bivard A, Parsons M, Balogh ZJ. Abnormalities on Perfusion CT and Intervention for Intracranial Hypertension in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2000. [PMID: 32630511 PMCID: PMC7356931 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9062000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) remain unclear. Perfusion computed tomography (CTP) provides crucial information about the cerebral perfusion status in these patients. We hypothesised that CTP abnormalities would be associated with the severity of intracranial hypertension (ICH). To investigate this hypothesis, twenty-eight patients with STBI and ICP monitors were investigated with CTP within 48 h from admission. Treating teams were blind to these results. Patients were divided into five groups based on increasing intervention required to control ICH and were compared. Group I required no intervention above routine sedation, group II required a single first tier intervention, group III required multiple different first-tier interventions, group IV required second-tier medical therapy and group V required second-tier surgical therapy. Analysis of the results showed demographics and injury severity did not differ among groups. In group I no patients showed CTP abnormality, while patients in all other groups had abnormal CTP (p = 0.003). Severe ischaemia observed on CTP was associated with increasing intervention for ICH. This study, although limited by small sample size, suggests that CTP abnormalities are associated with the need to intervene for ICH. Larger scale assessment of our results is warranted to potentially avoid unnecessary invasive procedures in head injury patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Cooper
- Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Cino Bendinelli
- Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (S.C.); (C.B.)
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia; (A.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Andrew Bivard
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia; (A.B.); (M.P.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Mark Parsons
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia; (A.B.); (M.P.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Zsolt J. Balogh
- Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (S.C.); (C.B.)
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia; (A.B.); (M.P.)
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Seiler A, Lauer A, Deichmann R, Nöth U, Herrmann E, Berkefeld J, Singer OC, Pfeilschifter W, Klein JC, Wagner M. Signal variance-based collateral index in DSC perfusion: A novel method to assess leptomeningeal collateralization in acute ischaemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:574-587. [PMID: 30755069 PMCID: PMC7025396 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19831024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As a determinant of the progression rate of the ischaemic process in acute large-vessel stroke, the degree of collateralization is a strong predictor of the clinical outcome after reperfusion therapy and may influence clinical decision-making. Therefore, the assessment of leptomeningeal collateralization is of major importance. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a quantitative and observer-independent method for assessing leptomeningeal collateralization in acute large-vessel stroke based on signal variance characteristics in T2*-weighted dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion-weighted MR imaging (PWI). Voxels representing leptomeningeal collateral vessels were extracted according to the magnitude of signal variance in the PWI raw data time series in 55 patients with proximal large-artery occlusion and an intra-individual collateral vessel index (CVIPWI) was calculated. CVIPWI correlated significantly with the initial ischaemic core volume (rho = -0.459, p = 0.0001) and the PWI/DWI mismatch ratio (rho = 0.494, p = 0.0001) as an indicator of the amount of salvageable tissue. Furthermore, CVIPWI was significantly negatively correlated with NIHSS and mRS at discharge (rho = -0.341, p = 0.015 and rho = -0.305, p = 0.023). In multivariate logistic regression, CVIPWI was an independent predictor of favourable functional outcome (mRS 0-2) (OR = 16.39, 95% CI 1.42-188.7, p = 0.025). CVIPWI provides useful rater-independent information on the leptomeningeal collateral supply in acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Seiler
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Arne Lauer
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf Deichmann
- Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrike Nöth
- Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eva Herrmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joachim Berkefeld
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oliver C Singer
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Johannes C Klein
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marlies Wagner
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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El-Tawil S, Mair G, Huang X, Sakka E, Palmer J, Ford I, Kalra L, Wardlaw J, Muir KW. Observer Agreement on Computed Tomography Perfusion Imaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2020; 50:3108-3114. [PMID: 31928512 PMCID: PMC6824508 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.026238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Computed tomography (CT) perfusion (CTP) provides potentially valuable information to guide treatment decisions in acute stroke. Assessment of interobserver reliability of CTP has, however, been limited to small, mostly single center studies. We performed a large, internet-based study to assess observer reliability of CTP interpretation in acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa El-Tawil
- From the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland (S.E.-T., K.W.M.)
| | - Grant Mair
- Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, United Kingdom (G.M.)
| | - Xuya Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology (X.H.), University of Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Eleni Sakka
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (E.S., J.P.)
| | - Jeb Palmer
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (E.S., J.P.)
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Lalit Kalra
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (L.K.)
| | - Joanna Wardlaw
- Division of Neuroimaging Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.W.)
| | - Keith W Muir
- From the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland (S.E.-T., K.W.M.)
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41
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Garcia-Esperon C, Spratt NJ, Gangadharan S, Miteff F, Bivard A, Lillicrap T, Tomari S, Levi CR, Parsons MW. Computed Tomography Perfusion Identifies Patients With Stroke With Impaired Cardiac Function. Stroke 2020; 51:498-503. [PMID: 31896345 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.027255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) leads to worse outcomes after stroke. We hypothesized that the arterial input function (AIF) variability on perfusion computed tomography, especially the time between scan onset and end of AIF (SO-EndAIF), would reflect reduction of cardiac output. Methods- Retrospective analysis of consecutive stroke patients, who underwent computed tomography between January 2013 and September 2018, was performed in 2 parts. (1) To determine the correlation between SO-EndAIF and LVEF, all patients with a transthoracic echocardiogram performed ±6 months from the time of stroke were included. LVEF was dichotomized as either normal (≥50%) or decreased (<50%). (2) AIF was compared with hypoperfusion volume, defined as delay time >3 seconds and with clinical outcome measured using 3-month modified Rankin Scale. Results- A total of 732 ischemic stroke patients underwent computed tomography, 231 with transthoracic echocardiogram were included in part (1), 393 with outcome data were included in part (2). In part (1), 193/231 (83.5%) had normal LVEF (median 61%) and 38/231 (16.5%) decreased LVEF (median 39%). The low-LVEF group had significantly prolonged SO-EndAIF compared with normal-LVEF group (mean of 39.7 versus 26 second; P<0.001), and larger hypoperfusion lesions (94.9 versus 37.6 mL; P<0.001). SO-EndAIF time was strongly associated with EF, with an area under the curve of 0.86. Twenty nine seconds was the best threshold to distinguish between normal and impaired EF (area under the curve, 0.77). In part (2), the SO-EndAIF ≥29 second group had larger hypoperfusion volumes (21.8 versus 89.7 mL; P<0.001) and infarct core (12.2 versus 2.3 mL; P<0.0001) and patients with SO-EndAIF ≥29 seconds had fewer excellent or good clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score 0-1; 40% versus 22%; OR, 2.79; P<0.001, modified Rankin Scale score 0-2; 65% versus 35%; OR, 1.41; P=0.033). Conclusions- AIF width correlates with ejection fraction in acute ischemic stroke. A 29-second threshold from scan onset to end of AIF accurately predicts reduced LVEF and identifies patients more likely to have worse outcomes after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Garcia-Esperon
- From the Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital (C.G.-E., N.J.S., S.G., F.M., C.R.L.), University of Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., N.J.S., F.M., T.L., S.T., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Neil J Spratt
- From the Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital (C.G.-E., N.J.S., S.G., F.M., C.R.L.), University of Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., N.J.S., F.M., T.L., S.T., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Shyam Gangadharan
- From the Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital (C.G.-E., N.J.S., S.G., F.M., C.R.L.), University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Ferdinand Miteff
- From the Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital (C.G.-E., N.J.S., S.G., F.M., C.R.L.), University of Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., N.J.S., F.M., T.L., S.T., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Andrew Bivard
- Department of Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (A.B., M.W.P.)
| | - Thomas Lillicrap
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., N.J.S., F.M., T.L., S.T., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Shinya Tomari
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., N.J.S., F.M., T.L., S.T., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Christopher R Levi
- From the Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital (C.G.-E., N.J.S., S.G., F.M., C.R.L.), University of Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., N.J.S., F.M., T.L., S.T., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Mark W Parsons
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.G.-E., N.J.S., F.M., T.L., S.T., C.R.L., M.W.P.), University of Newcastle, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (A.B., M.W.P.)
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42
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Bivard A, Huang X, Levi CR, Campbell BCV, Cheripelli BK, Chen C, Kalladka D, Moreton FC, Ford I, Davis SM, Donnan GA, Muir KW, Parsons MW. Comparing mismatch strategies for patients being considered for ischemic stroke tenecteplase trials. Int J Stroke 2019; 15:507-515. [DOI: 10.1177/1747493019884529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Currently there are multiple variations of imaging-based patient selection mismatch methods in ischemic stroke. In the present study, we sought to compare the two most common mismatch methods and identify if there were different effects on the outcome of a randomized clinical trial depending on the mismatch method used. Aims Investigate the effect of clinical and imaging-based mismatch criteria on patient outcomes of a pooled cohort from randomized trials of intravenous tenecteplase versus alteplase. Methods Baseline clinical and imaging scores were used to categorize patients as meeting either the DAWN mismatch (baseline NIHSS ≥ 10, and age cut-offs for ischemic core volume) or DEFUSE 2 mismatch criteria (mismatch volume > 15 mL, mismatch ratio > 1.8 and ischemic core < 70 mL). We then investigated whether tenecteplase-treated patients had favorable odds of less disability (on modified Rankin scale, mRS) compared to those treated with alteplase, for clinical and imaging mismatch, respectively. Results From 146 pooled patients, 71 received alteplase and 75 received tenecteplase. The overall pooled group did not show improved patient outcomes when treated with tenecteplase (mRS 0-1 OR 1.77, 95% CI 0.89–3.51, p = 0.102) compared with alteplase. A total of 39 (27%) patients met both clinical and imaging mismatch criteria, 25 (17%) patients met only imaging criteria, 36 (25%) met only clinical mismatch criteria and, finally, 46 (31%) did not meet either of imaging or mismatch criteria. Patients treated with tenecteplase had more favorable outcomes when they met either imaging mismatch (mRS 0–1, OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.13–5.94, p = 0.032) or clinical mismatch criteria (mRS 0–1, OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.142, 8.732, p = 0.027) but with differing proportions. Conclusion Target mismatch selection was more inclusive and exhibited in a larger treatment effect between tenecteplase and alteplase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bivard
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xuya Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Christopher R Levi
- Departments of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Bruce CV Campbell
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bharath K Cheripelli
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Chushuang Chen
- Departments of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Dheeraj Kalladka
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
- Directorate of Stroke & Neurosciences, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Fiona C Moreton
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Ian Ford
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Stephen M Davis
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Keith W Muir
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Mark W Parsons
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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43
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Kate M, Asdaghi N, Gioia LC, Buck B, Majumdar SR, Jeerakathil T, Shuaib A, Emery D, Beaulieu C, Butcher K. Blood pressure reduction in hypertensive acute ischemic stroke patients does not affect cerebral blood flow. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1878-1887. [PMID: 29737226 PMCID: PMC6727146 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18774708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of blood pressure (BP) reduction on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in acute ischemic stroke is unknown. We measured regional CBF with perfusion-weighted MRI before and after BP treatment in a three-armed non-randomized prospective controlled trial. Treatment arm assignment was based on acute mean arterial pressure (MAP). Patients with (MAP) >120 mmHg (n = 14) were treated with intravenous labetalol and sublingual (SL) nitroglycerin (labetalol group). Those with MAP 100-120 mmHg (n = 17) were treated with SL nitroglycerin (0.3 mg) ('NTG Group') and those with baseline MAP<100 mmHg (n = 18) were not treated with antihypertensive drugs (untreated group). Forty-nine patients (18 female, mean age 65.3 ± 12.9 years) were serially imaged. Labetalol reduced MAP by 12.5 (5.7-17.7) mmHg, p = 0.0002. MAP remained stable in the NTG (6.0 (0.4-16, p = 0.3) mmHg and untreated groups (-0.3 (-2.3-7.0, p = 0.2) mmHg. The volume of total hypoperfused tissue (CBF<18 ml/100 g/min) did not increase after labetalol (-1.1 ((-6.5)-(-0.2)) ml, p = 0.1), NTG (0 ((-1.5)-4.5) ml, p = 0.72), or no treatment 0.25 ((-10.1)-4.5) ml, p = 0.87). Antihypertensive therapy, based on presenting BP, in acute stroke patients was not associated with an increased volume of total hypoperfused tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kate
- 1 Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Negar Asdaghi
- 2 Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laura C Gioia
- 1 Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Brian Buck
- 1 Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sumit R Majumdar
- 3 Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Ashfaq Shuaib
- 1 Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Derek Emery
- 4 Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Christian Beaulieu
- 5 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kenneth Butcher
- 1 Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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44
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Kasasbeh AS, Christensen S, Parsons MW, Campbell B, Albers GW, Lansberg MG. Artificial Neural Network Computer Tomography Perfusion Prediction of Ischemic Core. Stroke 2019; 50:1578-1581. [PMID: 31092162 PMCID: PMC6538437 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.022649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is a useful tool in the evaluation of acute ischemic stroke, where it can provide an estimate of the ischemic core and the ischemic penumbra. The optimal CTP parameters to identify the ischemic core remain undetermined. Methods- We used artificial neural networks (ANNs) to optimally predict the ischemic core in acute stroke patients, using diffusion-weighted imaging as the gold standard. We first designed an ANN based on CTP data alone and next designed an ANN based on clinical and CTP data. Results- The ANN based on CTP data predicted the ischemic core with a mean absolute error of 13.8 mL (SD, 13.6 mL) compared with diffusion-weighted imaging. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.85. At the optimal threshold, the sensitivity for predicting the ischemic core was 0.90 and the specificity was 0.62. Combining CTP data with clinical data available at time of presentation resulted in the same mean absolute error (13.8 mL) but lower SD (12.4 mL). The area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.87, 0.91, and 0.65, respectively. The maximal Dice coefficient was 0.48 in the ANN based on CTP data exclusively. Conclusions- An ANN that integrates clinical and CTP data predicts the ischemic core with accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Søren Christensen
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark W. Parsons
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Bruce Campbell
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gregory W. Albers
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maarten G. Lansberg
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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45
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Sim K, Yan B, Dowling R, Bush S, Mitchell P. Endovascular clot retrieval in acute stroke with large ischaemic core is not always associated with poor outcomes. Intern Med J 2019; 49:490-494. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Sim
- Department of RadiologyThe Royal Melbourne Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Bernard Yan
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne HospitalThe University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Richard Dowling
- Department of RadiologyThe Royal Melbourne Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Steven Bush
- Department of RadiologyThe Royal Melbourne Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Peter Mitchell
- Department of RadiologyThe Royal Melbourne Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
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46
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Chen C, Bivard A, Lin L, Levi CR, Spratt NJ, Parsons MW. Thresholds for infarction vary between gray matter and white matter in acute ischemic stroke: A CT perfusion study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:536-546. [PMID: 29172990 PMCID: PMC6421247 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17744453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate optimal perfusion thresholds defining ischemic core and penumbra for hemispheric-cortical gray matter (GM) and subcortical white matter (WM). A total of 65 sub-6 h ischemic stroke patients were assessed, who underwent acute computed tomography perfusion (CTP) and acute magnetic resonance imaging. CTP maps were generated by both standard singular value deconvolution (sSVD) and SVD with delay and dispersion correction (ddSVD). Analyses were undertaken to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) for each CTP threshold for core and penumbra in GM and WM. With sSVD, the core was best defined in GM by cerebral blood flow (CBF) < 30% (AUC: 0.73) and in WM by CBF < 20% (AUC: 0.67). With ddSVD, GM core was best defined by CBF < 35% (AUC: 0.75) and in WM by CBF < 25% (AUC: 0.68). A combined GM/WM threshold overestimated core compared to diffusion-weighted imaging, CBF < 25% from sSVD (1.88 ml, P = 0.007) and CBF < 30% from ddSVD (1.27 ml, P = 0.011). The perfusion lesion was best defined by Tmax > 5 s (AUC: 0.80) in GM and Tmax > 7 s (AUC: 0.75) in WM. With sSVD, a delay time (DT) > 3 s from ddSVD was the optimal for both GM (AUC: 0.78) and WM (AUC: 0.75). Using tissue-specific thresholds for GM/WM provides more accurate estimation of acute ischemic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chushuang Chen
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,2 Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Andrew Bivard
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,2 Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Longting Lin
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,2 Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Christopher R Levi
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,2 Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Neil J Spratt
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,2 Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Mark W Parsons
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,2 Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
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47
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Abstract
CT perfusion images can be rapidly obtained on all modern CT scanners and easily incorporated into an acute stroke imaging protocol. Here we discuss the technique of CT perfusion imaging, how to interpret the data and how it can contribute to the diagnosis of acute stroke and selection of patients for treatment. Many patients with acute stroke are excluded from reperfusion therapy if the onset time is not known or if they present outside of traditional treatment time windows. There is a growing body of evidence supporting the use of perfusion imaging in these patients to identify patterns of brain perfusion that are favourable for recanalisation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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48
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Martins N, Aires A, Mendez B, Boned S, Rubiera M, Tomasello A, Coscojuela P, Hernandez D, Muchada M, Rodríguez-Luna D, Rodríguez N, Juega JM, Pagola J, Molina CA, Ribó M. Ghost Infarct Core and Admission Computed Tomography Perfusion: Redefining the Role of Neuroimaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke. INTERVENTIONAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 7:513-521. [PMID: 30410531 DOI: 10.1159/000490117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Determining the size of infarct extent is crucial to elect patients for reperfusion therapies. Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) based on cerebral blood volume may overestimate infarct core on admission and consequently include ghost infarct core (GIC) in a definitive lesional area. Purpose Our goal was to confirm and better characterize the GIC phenomenon using CTP cerebral blood flow (CBF) as the reference parameter to determine infarct core. Methods We performed a retrospective, single-center analysis of consecutive thrombectomies of middle cerebral or intracranial internal carotid artery occlusions considering noncontrast CT Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score ≥6 in patients with pretreatment CTP. We used the RAPID® software to measure admission infarct core based on initial CBF. The final infarct was extracted from follow-up CT. GIC was defined as initial core minus final infarct > 10 mL. Results A total of 123 patients were included. The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 18 (13-20), the median time from symptoms to CTP was 188 (67-288) min, and the recanalization rate (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score 2b, 2c, or 3) was 83%. Twenty patients (16%) presented with GIC. GIC was associated with shorter time to recanalization (150 [105-291] vs. 255 [163-367] min, p = 0.05) and larger initial CBF core volume (38 [26-59] vs. 6 [0-27] mL, p < 0.001). An adjusted logistic regression model identified time to recanalization < 302 min (OR 4.598, 95% CI 1.143-18.495, p = 0.032) and initial infarct volume (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.001-1.019, p = 0.032) as independent predictors of GIC. At 24 h, clinical improvement was more frequent in patients with GIC (80 vs. 49%, p = 0.01). Conclusions CTP CBF < 30% may overestimate infarct core volume, especially in patients imaged in the very early time window and with fast complete reperfusion. Therefore, the CTP CBF technique may exclude patients who would benefit from endovascular treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Martins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Ana Aires
- Department of Neurology, São João Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Mendez
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Boned
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Rubiera
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Tomasello
- Department of Neuroradiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Coscojuela
- Department of Neuroradiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Hernandez
- Department of Neuroradiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marián Muchada
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Rodríguez-Luna
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Rodríguez
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús M Juega
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Pagola
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos A Molina
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Ribó
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Zhang P, Xu R, Guo Y, Qin J, Dai Y, Liu N, Wu C. DL-3-n-butylphthalide promotes dendrite development in cortical neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1041-1049. [PMID: 29696738 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital; The PLA Army General Hospital; Beijing 100700 China
| | - Ruxiang Xu
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital; The PLA Army General Hospital; Beijing 100700 China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Neurology; Zhujiang Hospital; Guangzhou 510282 China
| | - Jiazhen Qin
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital; The PLA Army General Hospital; Beijing 100700 China
| | - Yiwu Dai
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital; The PLA Army General Hospital; Beijing 100700 China
| | - Ning Liu
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital; The PLA Army General Hospital; Beijing 100700 China
| | - Cuiying Wu
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital; The PLA Army General Hospital; Beijing 100700 China
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50
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Lin L, Bivard A, Kleinig T, Spratt NJ, Levi CR, Yang Q, Parsons MW. Correction for Delay and Dispersion Results in More Accurate Cerebral Blood Flow Ischemic Core Measurement in Acute Stroke. Stroke 2018; 49:924-930. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.019562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longting Lin
- From the School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Australia (L.L., A.B., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.); Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (T.K.); Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia (N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.); and Apollo Medical Imaging Technology Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Q.Y.)
| | - Andrew Bivard
- From the School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Australia (L.L., A.B., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.); Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (T.K.); Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia (N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.); and Apollo Medical Imaging Technology Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Q.Y.)
| | - Timothy Kleinig
- From the School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Australia (L.L., A.B., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.); Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (T.K.); Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia (N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.); and Apollo Medical Imaging Technology Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Q.Y.)
| | - Neil J. Spratt
- From the School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Australia (L.L., A.B., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.); Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (T.K.); Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia (N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.); and Apollo Medical Imaging Technology Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Q.Y.)
| | - Christopher R. Levi
- From the School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Australia (L.L., A.B., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.); Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (T.K.); Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia (N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.); and Apollo Medical Imaging Technology Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Q.Y.)
| | - Qing Yang
- From the School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Australia (L.L., A.B., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.); Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (T.K.); Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia (N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.); and Apollo Medical Imaging Technology Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Q.Y.)
| | - Mark W. Parsons
- From the School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Australia (L.L., A.B., N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.); Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (T.K.); Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia (N.J.S., C.R.L., M.W.P.); and Apollo Medical Imaging Technology Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Q.Y.)
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