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Lebrun F, Levard D, Lemarchand E, Yetim M, Furon J, Potzeha F, Marie P, Lesept F, Blanc M, Haelewyn B, Rubio M, Letourneur A, Violle N, Orset C, Vivien D. Improving stroke outcomes in hyperglycemic mice by modulating tPA/NMDAR signaling to reduce inflammation and hemorrhages. Blood Adv 2024; 8:1330-1344. [PMID: 38190586 PMCID: PMC10943589 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The pharmacological intervention for ischemic stroke hinges on intravenous administration of the recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA, Alteplase/Actilyse) either as a standalone treatment or in conjunction with thrombectomy. However, despite its clinical significance, broader use of rtPA is constrained because of the risk of hemorrhagic transformations (HTs). Furthermore, the presence of diabetes or chronic hyperglycemia is associated with an elevated risk of HT subsequent to thrombolysis. This detrimental impact of tPA on the neurovascular unit in patients with hyperglycemia has been ascribed to its capacity to induce endothelial N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling, contributing to compromised blood-brain barrier integrity and neuroinflammatory processes. In a mouse model of thromboembolic stroke with chronic hyperglycemia, we assessed the effectiveness of rtPA and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as thrombolytic agents. We also tested the effect of blocking tPA/NMDAR signaling using a monoclonal antibody, Glunomab. Magnetic resonance imaging, speckle contrast imaging, flow cytometry, and behavioral tasks were used to evaluate stroke outcomes. In hyperglycemic animals, treatment with rtPA resulted in lower recanalization rates and increased HTs. Conversely, NAC treatment reduced lesion sizes while mitigating HTs. After a single administration, either in standalone or combined with rtPA-induced thrombolysis, Glunomab reduced brain lesion volumes, HTs, and neuroinflammation after stroke, translating into improved neurological outcomes. Additionally, we demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of Glunomab in combination with NAC or as a standalone strategy in chronic hyperglycemic animals. Counteracting tPA-dependent endothelial NMDAR signaling limits ischemic damages induced by both endogenous and exogenous tPA, including HTs and inflammatory processes after ischemic stroke in hyperglycemic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Lebrun
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- STROK@LLIANCE, ETAP-Lab, Caen, France
| | - Damien Levard
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Eloïse Lemarchand
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Mervé Yetim
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Jonathane Furon
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Fanny Potzeha
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Pauline Marie
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Benoit Haelewyn
- GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
- Experimental Stroke Research Platform, Normandie University, CURB, Caen, France
| | - Marina Rubio
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Cyrille Orset
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Experimental Stroke Research Platform, Normandie University, CURB, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Experimental Stroke Research Platform, Normandie University, CURB, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen, France
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Furon J, Lebrun F, Yétim M, Levard D, Marie P, Orset C, Martinez de Lizarrondo S, Vivien D, Ali C. Parabiosis Discriminates the Circulating, Endothelial, and Parenchymal Contributions of Endogenous Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator to Stroke. Stroke 2024; 55:747-756. [PMID: 38288607 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.045048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous injection of alteplase, a recombinant tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) as a thrombolytic agent has revolutionized ischemic stroke management. However, tPA is a more complex enzyme than expected, being for instance able to promote thrombolysis, but at the same time, also able to influence neuronal survival and to affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Accordingly, the respective impact of endogenous tPA expressed/present in the brain parenchyma versus in the circulation during stroke remains debated. METHODS To address this issue, we used mice with constitutive deletion of tPA (tPANull [tPA-deficient mice]) or conditional deletion of endothelial tPA (VECad [vascular endothelial-Cadherin-Cre-recombinase]-Cre∆tPA). We also developed parabioses between tPANull and wild-type mice (tPAWT), anticipating that a tPAWT donor would restore levels of tPA to normal ones, in the circulation but not in the brain parenchyma of a tPANull recipient. Stroke outcomes were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging in a thrombo-embolic or a thrombotic stroke model, induced by local thrombin injection or FeCl3 application on the endothelium, respectively. RESULTS First, our data show that endothelial tPA, released into the circulation after stroke onset, plays an overall beneficial role following thrombo-embolic stroke. Accordingly, after 24 hours, tPANull/tPANull parabionts displayed less spontaneous recanalization and reperfusion and larger infarcts compared with tPAWT/tPAWT littermates. However, when associated to tPAWT littermates, tPANull mice had similar perfusion deficits, but less severe brain infarcts. In the thrombotic stroke model, homo- and hetero-typic parabionts did not differ in the extent of brain damages and did not differentially recanalize and reperfuse. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data reveal that during thromboembolic stroke, endogenous circulating tPA from endothelial cells sustains a spontaneous recanalization and reperfusion of the tissue, thus, limiting the extension of ischemic lesions. In this context, the impact of endogenous parenchymal tPA is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathane Furon
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Groupement d'Intérêt Public (GIP) Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France (J.F., F.L., M.Y., D.L., P.M., C.O., S.M.d.L., D.V., C.A.)
| | - Florent Lebrun
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Groupement d'Intérêt Public (GIP) Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France (J.F., F.L., M.Y., D.L., P.M., C.O., S.M.d.L., D.V., C.A.)
| | - Mervé Yétim
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Groupement d'Intérêt Public (GIP) Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France (J.F., F.L., M.Y., D.L., P.M., C.O., S.M.d.L., D.V., C.A.)
| | - Damien Levard
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Groupement d'Intérêt Public (GIP) Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France (J.F., F.L., M.Y., D.L., P.M., C.O., S.M.d.L., D.V., C.A.)
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), France (D.V.)
| | - Pauline Marie
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Groupement d'Intérêt Public (GIP) Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France (J.F., F.L., M.Y., D.L., P.M., C.O., S.M.d.L., D.V., C.A.)
| | - Cyrille Orset
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Groupement d'Intérêt Public (GIP) Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France (J.F., F.L., M.Y., D.L., P.M., C.O., S.M.d.L., D.V., C.A.)
| | - Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Groupement d'Intérêt Public (GIP) Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France (J.F., F.L., M.Y., D.L., P.M., C.O., S.M.d.L., D.V., C.A.)
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Groupement d'Intérêt Public (GIP) Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France (J.F., F.L., M.Y., D.L., P.M., C.O., S.M.d.L., D.V., C.A.)
| | - Carine Ali
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Groupement d'Intérêt Public (GIP) Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France (J.F., F.L., M.Y., D.L., P.M., C.O., S.M.d.L., D.V., C.A.)
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Liu Q, Shi K, Wang Y, Shi FD. Neurovascular Inflammation and Complications of Thrombolysis Therapy in Stroke. Stroke 2023; 54:2688-2697. [PMID: 37675612 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.044123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous thrombolysis via tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) is the only approved pharmacological treatment for acute ischemic stroke, but its benefits are limited by hemorrhagic transformation. Emerging evidence reveals that tPA swiftly mobilizes immune cells which extravasate into the brain parenchyma via the cerebral vasculature, augmenting neurovascular inflammation, and tissue injury. In this review, we summarize the pronounced alterations of immune cells induced by tPA in patients with stroke and experimental stroke models. We argue that neuroinflammation, triggered by ischemia-induced cell death and exacerbated by tPA, compromises neurovascular integrity and the microcirculation, leading to hemorrhagic transformation. Finally, we discuss current and future approaches to attenuate thrombolysis-associated hemorrhagic transformation via uncoupling immune cells from the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (Q.L., F.-D.S.)
| | - Kaibin Shi
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of China, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (K.S., Y.W., F.-D.S.)
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of China, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (K.S., Y.W., F.-D.S.)
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (Q.L., F.-D.S.)
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of China, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (K.S., Y.W., F.-D.S.)
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Zhou Y, Zhang J. Neuronal activity and remyelination: new insights into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic advancements. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1221890. [PMID: 37564376 PMCID: PMC10410458 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the role of neuronal activity in myelin regeneration and the related neural signaling pathways. The article points out that neuronal activity can stimulate the formation and regeneration of myelin, significantly improve its conduction speed and neural signal processing ability, maintain axonal integrity, and support axonal nutrition. However, myelin damage is common in various clinical diseases such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, dementia, and schizophrenia. Although myelin regeneration exists in these diseases, it is often incomplete and cannot promote functional recovery. Therefore, seeking other ways to improve myelin regeneration in clinical trials in recent years is of great significance. Research has shown that controlling neuronal excitability may become a new intervention method for the clinical treatment of demyelinating diseases. The article discusses the latest research progress of neuronal activity on myelin regeneration, including direct or indirect stimulation methods, and the related neural signaling pathways, including glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, histaminergic, purinergic and voltage-gated ion channel signaling pathways, revealing that seeking treatment strategies to promote myelin regeneration through precise regulation of neuronal activity has broad prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Soda T, Brunetti V, Berra-Romani R, Moccia F. The Emerging Role of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptors in the Cardiovascular System: Physiological Implications, Pathological Consequences, and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043914. [PMID: 36835323 PMCID: PMC9965111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, mediate the slow component of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS), and induce long-term changes in synaptic plasticity. NMDARs are non-selective cation channels that allow the influx of extracellular Na+ and Ca2+ and control cellular activity via both membrane depolarization and an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The distribution, structure, and role of neuronal NMDARs have been extensively investigated and it is now known that they also regulate crucial functions in the non-neuronal cellular component of the CNS, i.e., astrocytes and cerebrovascular endothelial cells. In addition, NMDARs are expressed in multiple peripheral organs, including heart and systemic and pulmonary circulations. Herein, we survey the most recent information available regarding the distribution and function of NMDARs within the cardiovascular system. We describe the involvement of NMDARs in the modulation of heart rate and cardiac rhythm, in the regulation of arterial blood pressure, in the regulation of cerebral blood flow, and in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. In parallel, we describe how enhanced NMDAR activity could promote ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), and BBB dysfunction. Targeting NMDARs could represent an unexpected pharmacological strategy to reduce the growing burden of several life-threatening cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Soda
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Brunetti
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Berra-Romani
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-987613
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Akyuz E, Celik BR, Aslan FS, Sahin H, Angelopoulou E. Exploring the Role of Neurotransmitters in Multiple Sclerosis: An Expanded Review. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:527-553. [PMID: 36724132 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Although emerging evidence has shown that changes in neurotransmitter levels in the synaptic gap may contribute to the pathophysiology of MS, their specific role has not been elucidated yet. In this review, we aim to analyze preclinical and clinical evidence on the structural and functional changes in neurotransmitters in MS and critically discuss their potential role in MS pathophysiology. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that alterations in glutamate metabolism may contribute to MS pathophysiology, by causing excitotoxic neuronal damage. Dysregulated interaction between glutamate and GABA results in synaptic loss. The GABAergic system also plays an important role, by regulating the activity and plasticity of neural networks. Targeting GABAergic/glutamatergic transmission may be effective in fatigue and cognitive impairment in MS. Acetylcholine (ACh) and dopamine can also affect the T-mediated inflammatory responses, thereby being implicated in MS-related neuroinflammation. Also, melatonin might affect the frequency of relapses in MS, by regulating the sleep-wake cycle. Increased levels of nitric oxide in inflammatory lesions of MS patients may be also associated with axonal neuronal degeneration. Therefore, neurotransmitter imbalance may be critically implicated in MS pathophysiology, and future studies are needed for our deeper understanding of their role in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Akyuz
- Department of Biophysics, International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, 34668
| | - Betul Rana Celik
- Hamidiye School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, 34668
| | - Feyza Sule Aslan
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, 34668
| | - Humeyra Sahin
- School of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey, 34093
| | - Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, 115 27
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7
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Furon J, Yetim M, Pouettre E, Martinez de Lizarrondo S, Maubert E, Hommet Y, Lebouvier L, Zheng Z, Ali C, Vivien D. Blood tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) of liver origin contributes to neurovascular coupling involving brain endothelial N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:11. [PMID: 36737775 PMCID: PMC9896721 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) directly influence brain functions and dysfunctions and involves complex mechanisms, including neurovascular coupling (NVC). It was suggested that the serine protease tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) could control CNV induced by whisker stimulation in rodents, through its action on N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDARs). However, the origin of tPA and the location and mechanism of its action on NMDARs in relation to CNV remained debated. METHODS Here, we answered these issues using tPANull mice, conditional deletions of either endothelial tPA (VECad-CreΔtPA) or endothelial GluN1 subunit of NMDARs (VECad-CreΔGluN1), parabioses between wild-type and tPANull mice, hydrodynamic transfection-induced deletion of liver tPA, hepatectomy and pharmacological approaches. RESULTS We thus demonstrate that physiological concentrations of vascular tPA, achieved by the bradykinin type 2 receptors-dependent production and release of tPA from liver endothelial cells, promote NVC, through a mechanism dependent on brain endothelial NMDARs. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight a new mechanism of regulation of NVC involving both endothelial tPA and NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathane Furon
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Mervé Yetim
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Elsa Pouettre
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Eric Maubert
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Yannick Hommet
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Laurent Lebouvier
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Ze Zheng
- grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA ,grid.280427.b0000 0004 0434 015XBlood Research Institute, Versiti Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Carine Ali
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074, Caen, France. .,Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen, France.
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8
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A role for endothelial NMDA receptors in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2022; 249:63-73. [PMID: 33189520 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous genetic and postmortem studies link N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction with schizophrenia, forming the basis of the popular glutamate hypothesis. Neuronal NMDAR abnormalities are consistently reported from both basic and clinical experiments, however, non-neuronal cells also contain NMDARs, and are rarely, if ever, considered in the discussion of glutamate action in schizophrenia. We offer an examination of recent discoveries elucidating the actions and consequences of NMDAR activation in the neuroendothelium. While there has been mixed literature regarding blood flow alterations in the schizophrenia brain, in this review, we posit that some common findings may be explained by neuroendothelial NMDAR dysfunction. In particular, we emphasize that endothelial NMDARs are key mediators of neurovascular coupling, where increased neuronal activity leads to increased blood flow. Based on the broad conclusions that hypoperfusion is a neuroanatomical finding in schizophrenia, we discuss potential mechanisms by which endothelial NMDARs contribute to this disorder. We propose that endothelial NMDAR dysfunction can be a primary cause of neurovascular abnormalities in schizophrenia. Importantly, functional MRI studies using BOLD signal as a proxy for neuron activity should be considered in a new light if neurovascular coupling is impaired in schizophrenia. This review is the first to propose that NMDARs in non-excitable cells play a role in schizophrenia.
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Su EJ, Lawrence DA. Diabetes and the treatment of ischemic stroke. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108318. [PMID: 36228562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This white paper examines the current challenges for treating ischemic stroke in diabetic patients. The need for a greater understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the relationship between diabetes and the cerebral vascular responses to ischemia is discussed. The critical need to improve the efficacy and safety of thrombolysis is addressed, as is the need for a better characterization the off-target actions of tPA, the only currently approved thrombolytic for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enming J Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel A Lawrence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Zuba V, Furon J, Bellemain-Sagnard M, Martinez de Lazarrondo S, Lebouvier L, Rubio M, Hommet Y, Gauberti M, Vivien D, Ali C. The choroid plexus: a door between the blood and the brain for tissue-type plasminogen activator. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:80. [PMID: 36243724 PMCID: PMC9569045 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the vascular compartment, the serine protease tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) promotes fibrinolysis, justifying its clinical use against vasculo-occlusive diseases. Accumulating evidence shows that circulating tPA (endogenous or exogenous) also controls brain physiopathological processes, like cerebrovascular reactivity, blood–brain barrier (BBB) homeostasis, inflammation and neuronal fate. Whether this occurs by direct actions on parenchymal cells and/or indirectly via barriers between the blood and the central nervous system (CNS) remains unclear. Here, we postulated that vascular tPA can reach the brain parenchyma via the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), that relies on choroid plexus (CP) epithelial cells (CPECs). Methods We produced various reporter fusion proteins to track tPA in primary cultures of CPECs, in CP explants and in vivo in mice. We also investigated the mechanisms underlying tPA transport across the BCSFB, with pharmacological and molecular approaches. Results We first demonstrated that tPA can be internalized by CPECs in primary cultures and in ex vivo CPs explants. In vivo, tPA can also be internalized by CPECs both at their basal and apical sides. After intra-vascular administration, tPA can reach the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and the brain parenchyma. Further investigation allowed discovering that the transcytosis of tPA is mediated by Low-density-Lipoprotein Related Protein-1 (LRP1) expressed at the surface of CPECs and depends on the finger domain of tPA. Interestingly, albumin, which has a size comparable to that of tPA, does not normally cross the CPs, but switches to a transportable form when grafted to the finger domain of tPA. Conclusions These findings provide new insights on how vascular tPA can reach the brain parenchyma, and open therapeutic avenues for CNS disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12987-022-00378-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Zuba
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Jonathane Furon
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Mathys Bellemain-Sagnard
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Sara Martinez de Lazarrondo
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Lebouvier
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Marina Rubio
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Yannick Hommet
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Maxime Gauberti
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France.,Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie Hospital (CHU), Caen, France
| | - Carine Ali
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France.
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11
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Lépine M, Douceau S, Devienne G, Prunotto P, Lenoir S, Regnauld C, Pouettre E, Piquet J, Lebouvier L, Hommet Y, Maubert E, Agin V, Lambolez B, Cauli B, Ali C, Vivien D. Parvalbumin interneuron-derived tissue-type plasminogen activator shapes perineuronal net structure. BMC Biol 2022; 20:218. [PMID: 36199089 PMCID: PMC9535866 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized extracellular matrix structures mainly found around fast-spiking parvalbumin (FS-PV) interneurons. In the adult, their degradation alters FS-PV-driven functions, such as brain plasticity and memory, and altered PNN structures have been found in neurodevelopmental and central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, leading to interest in identifying targets able to modify or participate in PNN metabolism. The serine protease tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) plays multifaceted roles in brain pathophysiology. However, its cellular expression profile in the brain remains unclear and a possible role in matrix plasticity through PNN remodeling has never been investigated. Result By combining a GFP reporter approach, immunohistology, electrophysiology, and single-cell RT-PCR, we discovered that cortical FS-PV interneurons are a source of tPA in vivo. We found that mice specifically lacking tPA in FS-PV interneurons display denser PNNs in the somatosensory cortex, suggesting a role for tPA from FS-PV interneurons in PNN remodeling. In vitro analyses in primary cultures of mouse interneurons also showed that tPA converts plasminogen into active plasmin, which in turn, directly degrades aggrecan, a major structural chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) in PNNs. Conclusions We demonstrate that tPA released from FS-PV interneurons in the central nervous system reduces PNN density through CSPG degradation. The discovery of this tPA-dependent PNN remodeling opens interesting insights into the control of brain plasticity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01419-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Lépine
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Sara Douceau
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Gabrielle Devienne
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université UM119, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Paul Prunotto
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Sophie Lenoir
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Caroline Regnauld
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Elsa Pouettre
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Juliette Piquet
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université UM119, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Lebouvier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Yannick Hommet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Eric Maubert
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Véronique Agin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Bertrand Lambolez
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université UM119, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Cauli
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université UM119, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Carine Ali
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France.
| | - Denis Vivien
- Department of clinical research, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
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12
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Seillier C, Lesept F, Toutirais O, Potzeha F, Blanc M, Vivien D. Targeting NMDA Receptors at the Neurovascular Unit: Past and Future Treatments for Central Nervous System Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810336. [PMID: 36142247 PMCID: PMC9499580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The excitatory neurotransmission of the central nervous system (CNS) mainly involves glutamate and its receptors, especially N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDARs). These receptors have been extensively described on neurons and, more recently, also on other cell types. Nowadays, the study of their differential expression and function is taking a growing place in preclinical and clinical research. The diversity of NMDAR subtypes and their signaling pathways give rise to pleiotropic functions such as brain development, neuronal plasticity, maturation along with excitotoxicity, blood-brain barrier integrity, and inflammation. NMDARs have thus emerged as key targets for the treatment of neurological disorders. By their large extracellular regions and complex intracellular structures, NMDARs are modulated by a variety of endogenous and pharmacological compounds. Here, we will present an overview of NMDAR functions on neurons and other important cell types involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative, neurovascular, mental, autoimmune, and neurodevelopmental diseases. We will then discuss past and future development of NMDAR targeting drugs, including innovative and promising new approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Seillier
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), 14000 Caen, France
| | - Flavie Lesept
- Lys Therapeutics, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Olivier Toutirais
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), 14000 Caen, France
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility (HLA), Caen University Hospital, CHU, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Fanny Potzeha
- Lys Therapeutics, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Manuel Blanc
- Lys Therapeutics, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), 14000 Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, CHU, 14000 Caen, France
- Correspondence:
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13
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Activation of non-classical NMDA receptors by glycine impairs barrier function of brain endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:479. [PMID: 35951110 PMCID: PMC9372018 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity is necessary to maintain homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function and expression have been implicated in BBB integrity. However, as evidenced in neuroinflammatory conditions, BBB disruption contributes to immune cell infiltration and propagation of inflammatory pathways. Currently, our understanding of the pathophysiological role of NMDAR signaling on endothelial cells remains incomplete. Thus, we investigated NMDAR function on primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (MBMECs). We detected glycine-responsive NMDAR channels, composed of functional GluN1, GluN2A and GluN3A subunits. Importantly, application of glycine alone, but not glutamate, was sufficient to induce NMDAR-mediated currents and an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Functionally, glycine-mediated NMDAR activation leads to loss of BBB integrity and changes in actin distribution. Treatment of oocytes that express NMDARs composed of different subunits, with GluN1 and GluN3A binding site inhibitors, resulted in abrogation of NMDAR signaling as measured by two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC). This effect was only detected in the presence of the GluN2A subunits, suggesting the latter as prerequisite for pharmacological modulation of NMDARs on brain endothelial cells. Taken together, our findings argue for a novel role of glycine as NMDAR ligand on endothelial cells shaping BBB integrity.
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14
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A Historical Review of Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061283. [PMID: 35745855 PMCID: PMC9229021 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of brain drug delivery is reviewed beginning with the first demonstration, in 1914, that a drug for syphilis, salvarsan, did not enter the brain, due to the presence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB). Owing to restricted transport across the BBB, FDA-approved drugs for the CNS have been generally limited to lipid-soluble small molecules. Drugs that do not cross the BBB can be re-engineered for transport on endogenous BBB carrier-mediated transport and receptor-mediated transport systems, which were identified during the 1970s-1980s. By the 1990s, a multitude of brain drug delivery technologies emerged, including trans-cranial delivery, CSF delivery, BBB disruption, lipid carriers, prodrugs, stem cells, exosomes, nanoparticles, gene therapy, and biologics. The advantages and limitations of each of these brain drug delivery technologies are critically reviewed.
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15
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Boccuni I, Fairless R. Retinal Glutamate Neurotransmission: From Physiology to Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:638. [PMID: 35629305 PMCID: PMC9147752 DOI: 10.3390/life12050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate neurotransmission and metabolism are finely modulated by the retinal network, where the efficient processing of visual information is shaped by the differential distribution and composition of glutamate receptors and transporters. However, disturbances in glutamate homeostasis can result in glutamate excitotoxicity, a major initiating factor of common neurodegenerative diseases. Within the retina, glutamate excitotoxicity can impair visual transmission by initiating degeneration of neuronal populations, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The vulnerability of RGCs is observed not just as a result of retinal diseases but has also been ascribed to other common neurodegenerative and peripheral diseases. In this review, we describe the vulnerability of RGCs to glutamate excitotoxicity and the contribution of different glutamate receptors and transporters to this. In particular, we focus on the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor as the major effector of glutamate-induced mechanisms of neurodegeneration, including impairment of calcium homeostasis, changes in gene expression and signalling, and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as the role of endoplasmic reticular stress. Due to recent developments in the search for modulators of NMDA receptor signalling, novel neuroprotective strategies may be on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Boccuni
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Richard Fairless
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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tPA-NMDAR Signaling Blockade Reduces the Incidence of Intracerebral Aneurysms. Transl Stroke Res 2022; 13:1005-1016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Mirabelli E, Elkabes S. Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models: Focus on Mechanisms, Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions. Front Neurol 2022; 12:793745. [PMID: 34975739 PMCID: PMC8716468 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.793745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifaceted, complex and chronic neurological disease that leads to motor, sensory and cognitive deficits. MS symptoms are unpredictable and exceedingly variable. Pain is a frequent symptom of MS and manifests as nociceptive or neuropathic pain, even at early disease stages. Neuropathic pain is one of the most debilitating symptoms that reduces quality of life and interferes with daily activities, particularly because conventional pharmacotherapies do not adequately alleviate neuropathic pain. Despite advances, the mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain in MS remain elusive. The majority of the studies investigating the pathophysiology of MS-associated neuropathic pain have been performed in animal models that replicate some of the clinical and neuropathological features of MS. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is one of the best-characterized and most commonly used animal models of MS. As in the case of individuals with MS, rodents affected by EAE manifest increased sensitivity to pain which can be assessed by well-established assays. Investigations on EAE provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Nevertheless, additional investigations are warranted to better understand the events that lead to the onset and maintenance of neuropathic pain in order to identify targets that can facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic interventions. The goal of the present review is to provide an overview of several mechanisms implicated in neuropathic pain in EAE by summarizing published reports. We discuss current knowledge gaps and future research directions, especially based on information obtained by use of other animal models of neuropathic pain such as nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia Mirabelli
- Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States.,Department of Biology and Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, United States
| | - Stella Elkabes
- Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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18
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Seillier C, Hélie P, Petit G, Vivien D, Clemente D, Le Mauff B, Docagne F, Toutirais O. Roles of the tissue-type plasminogen activator in immune response. Cell Immunol 2021; 371:104451. [PMID: 34781155 PMCID: PMC8577548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has once again
brought to the forefront the existence of a tight link between the
coagulation/fibrinolytic system and the immunologic processes.
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine protease with a key
role in fibrinolysis by converting plasminogen into plasmin that can
finally degrade fibrin clots. tPA is released in the blood by endothelial
cells and hepatocytes but is also produced by various types of immune
cells including T cells and monocytes. Beyond its role on hemostasis, tPA
is also a potent modulator of inflammation and is involved in the
regulation of several inflammatory diseases. Here, after a brief
description of tPA structure, we review its new functions in adaptive
immunity focusing on T cells and antigen presenting cells. We intend to
synthesize the recent knowledge on proteolysis- and receptor-mediated
effects of tPA on immune response in physiological and pathological
context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Seillier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France
| | - Pauline Hélie
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France
| | - Gautier Petit
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France; Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility (HLA), Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France; Department of Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, France
| | - Diego Clemente
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Brigitte Le Mauff
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France; Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility (HLA), Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, France
| | - Fabian Docagne
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France
| | - Olivier Toutirais
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France; Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility (HLA), Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, France.
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19
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Garnier E, Levard D, Ali C, Buendia I, Hommet Y, Gauberti M, Crepaldi T, Comoglio P, Rubio M, Vivien D, Docagne F, Martinez de Lizarrondo S. Factor XII protects neurons from apoptosis by epidermal and hepatocyte growth factor receptor-dependent mechanisms. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:2235-2247. [PMID: 34060720 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factor XII (FXII) is a serine protease that participates in the intrinsic coagulation pathway. Several studies have shown that plasma FXII exerts a deleterious role in cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury by promoting thrombo-inflammation. Nevertheless, the impact of FXII on neuronal cell fate remains unknown. OBJECTIVES We investigated the role of FXII and FXIIa in neuronal injury and apoptotic cell death. METHODS We tested the neuroprotective roles of FXII and FXIIa in an experimental model of neuronal injury induced by stereotaxic intracerebral injection of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) in vivo and in a model of apoptotic death of murine primary neuronal cultures through serum deprivation in vitro. RESULTS Here, we found that exogenous FXII and FXIIa reduce brain lesions induced by NMDA injection in vivo. Furthermore, FXII protects cultured neurons from apoptosis through a growth factor--like effect. This mechanism was triggered by direct interaction with epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and subsequent activation of this receptor. Interestingly, the "proteolytically" active and two-chain form of FXII, FXIIa, exerts its protective effects by an alternative signaling pathway. FXIIa activates the pro-form of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) into HGF, which in turn activated the HGF receptor (HGFR) pathway. CONCLUSION This study describes two novel mechanisms of action of FXII and identifies neurons as target cells for the protective effects of single and two-chain forms of FXII. Therefore, inhibition of FXII in neurological disorders may have deleterious effects by preventing its beneficial effects on neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugénie Garnier
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, Inserm, Physiopathology and imaging of neurological disorders (PhIND), Caen, France
| | - Damien Levard
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, Inserm, Physiopathology and imaging of neurological disorders (PhIND), Caen, France
| | - Carine Ali
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, Inserm, Physiopathology and imaging of neurological disorders (PhIND), Caen, France
| | - Izaskun Buendia
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, Inserm, Physiopathology and imaging of neurological disorders (PhIND), Caen, France
| | - Yannick Hommet
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, Inserm, Physiopathology and imaging of neurological disorders (PhIND), Caen, France
| | - Maxime Gauberti
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, Inserm, Physiopathology and imaging of neurological disorders (PhIND), Caen, France
| | - Tiziana Crepaldi
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | | | - Marina Rubio
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, Inserm, Physiopathology and imaging of neurological disorders (PhIND), Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, Inserm, Physiopathology and imaging of neurological disorders (PhIND), Caen, France
- CHU Caen, Department of Clinical Research, CHU Caen Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Fabian Docagne
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, Inserm, Physiopathology and imaging of neurological disorders (PhIND), Caen, France
| | - Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, Inserm, Physiopathology and imaging of neurological disorders (PhIND), Caen, France
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20
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Xia N, Hua Y, Li J, Chen Y, Li X, Lin J, Xu H, Xie C, Wang X. 2-(2-Benzofuranyl)-2-Imidazoline Attenuates the Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier in EAE via NMDAR. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1674-1685. [PMID: 33772673 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption has been recognized as an early hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. Our previous studies have shown that 2-(2-Benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline (2-BFI) protected against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a classic animal model of MS. However, the potential effects of 2-BFI on BBB permeability have not yet been evaluated in the context of EAE. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of 2-BFI on BBB permeability in both an animal model and an in vitro BBB model using TNF-α to imitate the inflammatory damage to the BBB in MS. In the animal model, 2-BFI reduced neurological deficits and BBB permeability in EAE mice compared with saline treatment. The Western blot results indicated that 2-BFI not only alleviated the loss of the tight junction protein occludin caused by EAE but also inhibited the activation of the NR1-ERK signaling pathway. In an in vitro BBB model, 2-BFI (100 μM) alleviated the TNF-α-induced increase in permeability and reduction in expression of occludin in monolayer bEnd.3 cells. Similar protective effects were also observed after treatment with the NMDAR antagonist MK801. The Western blot results showed that the TNF-α-induced BBB breakdown and increase in NMDAR subunit 1 (NR1) levels and ERK phosphorylation could be blocked by pretreatment with 2-BFI or MK801. However, no additional effect was observed on BBB permeability or the expression of occludin and p-ERK after pretreatment with both 2-BFI and MK801. Our study indicates that 2-BFI alleviates the disruption of BBB in the context of inflammatory injury similar to that of MS by targeting NMDAR1, as well as by likely activating the subsequent ERK signaling pathway. These results provide further evidence for 2-BFI as a potential drug for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niange Xia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingjie Hua
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahe Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiqin Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenglong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinshi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325003, Zhejiang, China.
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21
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Hélie P, Camacho-Toledano C, Lesec L, Seillier C, Miralles AJ, Ortega MC, Guérit S, Lebas H, Bardou I, Vila-Del Sol V, Vivien D, Le Mauff B, Clemente D, Docagne F, Toutirais O. Tissue plasminogen activator worsens experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by complementary actions on lymphoid and myeloid cell responses. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:52. [PMID: 33610187 PMCID: PMC7897384 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine protease involved in fibrinolysis. It is released by endothelial cells, but also expressed by neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, this enzyme also contributes to pathological processes in the CNS such as neuroinflammation by activating microglia and increasing blood-brain barrier permeability. Nevertheless, its role in the control of adaptive and innate immune response remains poorly understood. METHODS tPA effects on myeloid and lymphoid cell response were studied in vivo in the mouse model of multiple sclerosis experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and in vitro in splenocytes. RESULTS tPA-/- animals exhibited less severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis than their wild-type counterparts. This was accompanied by a reduction in both lymphoid and myeloid cell populations in the spinal cord parenchyma. In parallel, tPA increased T cell activation and proliferation, as well as cytokine production by a protease-dependent mechanism and via plasmin generation. In addition, tPA directly raised the expression of MHC-II and the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 at the surface of dendritic cells and macrophages by a direct action dependent of the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms responsible for the harmful functions of tPA in multiple sclerosis and its animal models: tPA promotes the proliferation and activation of both lymphoid and myeloid populations by distinct, though complementary, mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Hélie
- UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie Univ, Caen, France
- Present address: Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Celia Camacho-Toledano
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Léonie Lesec
- UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie Univ, Caen, France
| | - Célia Seillier
- UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie Univ, Caen, France
| | - Antonio J Miralles
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Maria Cristina Ortega
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Sylvaine Guérit
- UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie Univ, Caen, France
| | - Héloïse Lebas
- UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie Univ, Caen, France
| | - Isabelle Bardou
- UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie Univ, Caen, France
| | | | - Denis Vivien
- UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie Univ, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, CHU, Caen, France
| | - Brigitte Le Mauff
- UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie Univ, Caen, France
- Department of Immunology and Immunopathology, Caen University Hospital, CHU, Caen, France
| | - Diego Clemente
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Fabian Docagne
- UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie Univ, Caen, France.
| | - Olivier Toutirais
- UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie Univ, Caen, France
- Department of Immunology and Immunopathology, Caen University Hospital, CHU, Caen, France
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22
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Wagnon I, Hélie P, Bardou I, Regnauld C, Lesec L, Leprince J, Naveau M, Delaunay B, Toutirais O, Lemauff B, Etard O, Vivien D, Agin V, Macrez R, Maubert E, Docagne F. Autoimmune encephalitis mediated by B-cell response against N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. Brain 2021; 143:2957-2972. [PMID: 32893288 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a neuropsychiatric disease characterized by an antibody-mediated autoimmune response against NMDAR. Recent studies have shown that anti-NMDAR antibodies are involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. However, the upstream immune and inflammatory processes responsible for this pathogenic response are still poorly understood. Here, we immunized mice against the region of NMDA receptor containing the N368/G369 amino acids, previously implicated in a pathogenic response. This paradigm induced encephalopathy characterized by blood-brain barrier opening, periventricular T2-MRI hyperintensities and IgG deposits into the brain parenchyma. Two weeks after immunization, mice developed clinical symptoms reminiscent of encephalitis: anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, spatial memory impairment (without motor disorders) and increased sensitivity to seizures. This response occurred independently of overt T-cell recruitment. However, it was associated with B220+ (B cell) infiltration towards the ventricles, where they differentiated into CD138+ cells (plasmocytes). Interestingly, these B cells originated from peripheral lymphoid organs (spleen and cervical lymphoid nodes). Finally, blocking the B-cell response using a depleting cocktail of antibodies reduced the severity of symptoms in encephalitis mice. This study demonstrates that the B-cell response can lead to an autoimmune reaction against NMDAR that drives encephalitis-like behavioural impairments. It also provides a relevant platform for dissecting encephalitogenic mechanisms in an animal model, and enables the testing of therapeutic strategies targeting the immune system in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Wagnon
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Pauline Hélie
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Isabelle Bardou
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Caroline Regnauld
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Léonie Lesec
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Jerôme Leprince
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen, France
| | - Mikaël Naveau
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS UMS 3408, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Barbara Delaunay
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Olivier Toutirais
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
- Department of Immunology, Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, Caen, France
| | - Brigitte Lemauff
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
- Department of Immunology, Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, Caen, France
| | - Olivier Etard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ISTS, EA 7466, Cyceron, Caen, France
- Service des explorations fonctionnelles du système nerveux, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, Caen, France
| | - Véronique Agin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Richard Macrez
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
- Emergency Department, Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, Caen France
| | - Eric Maubert
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Fabian Docagne
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
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23
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Anfray A, Drieu A, Hingot V, Hommet Y, Yetim M, Rubio M, Deffieux T, Tanter M, Orset C, Vivien D. Circulating tPA contributes to neurovascular coupling by a mechanism involving the endothelial NMDA receptors. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:2038-2054. [PMID: 31665952 PMCID: PMC7786842 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19883599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The increase of cerebral blood flow evoked by neuronal activity is essential to ensure enough energy supply to the brain. In the neurovascular unit, endothelial cells are ideally placed to regulate key neurovascular functions of the brain. Nevertheless, some outstanding questions remain about their exact role neurovascular coupling (NVC). Here, we postulated that the tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) present in the circulation might contribute to NVC by a mechanism dependent of its interaction with endothelial N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR). To address this question, we used pharmacological and genetic approaches to interfere with vascular tPA-dependent NMDAR signaling, combined with laser speckle flowmetry, intravital microscopy and ultrafast functional ultrasound in vivo imaging. We found that the tPA present in the blood circulation is capable of potentiating the cerebral blood flow increase induced by the activation of the mouse somatosensorial cortex, and that this effect is mediated by a tPA-dependent activation of NMDAR expressed at the luminal part of endothelial cells of arteries. Although blood molecules, such as acetylcholine, bradykinin or ATP are known to regulate vascular tone and induce vessel dilation, our present data provide the first evidence that circulating tPA is capable of influencing neurovascular coupling (NVC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Anfray
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Drieu
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Vincent Hingot
- Institut Langevin, CNRS, INSERM, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Hommet
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Mervé Yetim
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Marina Rubio
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Thomas Deffieux
- Institut Langevin, CNRS, INSERM, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Mickael Tanter
- Institut Langevin, CNRS, INSERM, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Cyrille Orset
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
- CHU Caen, Department of Clinical Research, Caen Normandie University Hospital, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
- Denis Vivien, INSERM UMR-S U1237 “Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders”, University Caen Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP5229, Caen 14074, France.
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24
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Sladojevic N, Yu B, Liao JK. Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 5 Maintains Brain Endothelial Cell Function in Focal Cerebral Ischemia. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017533. [PMID: 32875943 PMCID: PMC7726987 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Regulator of G‐protein signaling 5 (RGS5) is a negative modulator of G‐protein–coupled receptors. The role of RGS5 in brain endothelial cells is not known. We hypothesized that RGS5 in brain microvascular endothelial cells may be an important mediator of blood‐brain barrier function and stroke severity after focal cerebral ischemia. Methods and Results Using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model, we found that mice with global and endothelial‐specific deletion of Rgs5 exhibited larger cerebral infarct size, greater neurological motor deficits, and increased brain edema. In our in vitro models, we observed increased Gq activity and elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels in brain endothelial cells. Furthermore, the loss of endothelial RGS5 leads to decreased endothelial NO synthase expression and phosphorylation, relocalization of endothelial tight junction proteins, and increased cell permeability. Indeed, RGS5 deficiency leads to increased Rho‐associated kinase and myosin light chain kinase activity, which were partially reversed in our in vitro model by pharmacological inhibition of Gq, metabotropic glutamate receptor 1, and ligand‐gated ionotropic glutamate receptor. Conclusions Our findings indicate that endothelial RGS5 plays a novel neuroprotective role in focal cerebral ischemia. Loss of endothelial RGS5 leads to hyperresponsiveness to glutamate signaling pathways, enhanced Rho‐associated kinase– and myosin light chain kinase–mediated actin‐cytoskeleton reorganization, endothelial dysfunction, tight junction protein relocalization, increased blood‐brain barrier permeability, and greater stroke severity. These findings suggest that preservation of endothelial RGS5 may be an important therapeutic strategy for maintaining blood‐brain barrier integrity and limiting the severity of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Sladojevic
- Section of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of Chicago Chicago IL
| | - Brian Yu
- Section of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of Chicago Chicago IL
| | - James K Liao
- Section of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of Chicago Chicago IL
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25
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Young D. The NMDA Receptor Antibody Paradox: A Possible Approach to Developing Immunotherapies Targeting the NMDA Receptor. Front Neurol 2020; 11:635. [PMID: 32719654 PMCID: PMC7347966 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) play a key role in brain development and function, including contributing to the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders. Immunization against the GluN1 subunit of the NMDAR and the production of GluN1 antibodies is associated with neuroprotective and seizure-protective effects in rodent models of stroke and epilepsy, respectively. Whilst these data suggest the potential for the development of GluN1 antibody therapy, paradoxically GluN1 autoantibodies in humans are associated with the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. This review discusses possible reasons for the differential effects of GluN1 antibodies on NMDAR physiology that could contribute to these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Young
- Molecular Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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26
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Mozhi A, Sunil V, Zhan W, Ghode PB, Thakor NV, Wang CH. Enhanced penetration of pro-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic micellar nanoprobe in 3D multicellular spheroids for chemophototherapy. J Control Release 2020; 323:502-518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Zhang L, Xu S, Wu X, Chen J, Guo X, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Yan J, Cheng J, Han Z. Combined Treatment With 2-(2-Benzofu-Ranyl)-2-Imidazoline and Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Protects Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in a Rat Model of Embolic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:801. [PMID: 32595494 PMCID: PMC7303334 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is used to treat acute ischemic stroke but is only effective if administered within 4.5 h after stroke onset. Delayed rt-PA treatment causes blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and hemorrhagic transformation. The compound 2-(-2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline (2-BFI), a newly discovered antagonist of high-affinity postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in ischemia. Here, we investigated whether combining 2-BFI and rt-PA can ameliorate BBB disruption and prolong the therapeutic window in a rat model of embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO). Ischemia was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by eMCAO, after which they were treated with 2-BFI (3 mg/kg) at 0.5 h in combination with rt-PA (10 mg/kg) at 6 or 8 h. Control rats were treated with saline or 2-BFI or rt-PA. Combined therapy with 2-BFI and rt-PA (6 h) reduced the infarct volume, denatured cell index, BBB permeability, and brain edema. This was associated with increased expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and tight junction proteins (occludin and ZO-1) and downregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP9). We conclude that 2-BFI protects the BBB from damage caused by delayed rt-PA treatment in ischemia. 2-BFI may therefore extend the therapeutic window up to 6 h after stroke onset in rats and may be a promising therapeutic strategy for humans. However, mechanisms to explain the effects oberved in the present study are not yet elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiaou Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yungang Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jueyue Yan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhao Han
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Nonionotropic Action of Endothelial NMDA Receptors on Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability via Rho/ROCK-Mediated Phosphorylation of Myosin. J Neurosci 2020; 40:1778-1787. [PMID: 31953371 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0969-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increase in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is a crucial step in neuroinflammatory processes. We previously showed that N Methyl D Aspartate Receptor (NMDARs), expressed on cerebral endothelial cells forming the BBB, regulate immune cell infiltration across this barrier in the mouse. Here, we describe the mechanism responsible for the action of NMDARs on BBB permeabilization. We report that mouse CNS endothelial NMDARs display the regulatory GluN3A subunit. This composition confers to NMDARs' unconventional properties: these receptors do not induce Ca2+ influx but rather show nonionotropic properties. In inflammatory conditions, costimulation of human brain endothelial cells by NMDA agonists (NMDA or glycine) and the serine protease tissue plasminogen activator, previously shown to potentiate NMDAR activity, induces metabotropic signaling via the Rho/ROCK pathway. This pathway leads to an increase in permeability via phosphorylation of myosin light chain and subsequent shrinkage of human brain endothelial cells. Together, these data draw a link between NMDARs and the cytoskeleton in brain endothelial cells that regulates BBB permeability in inflammatory conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The authors describe how NMDARs expressed on endothelial cells regulate blood-brain barrier function via myosin light chain phosphorylation and increase in permeability. They report that these non-neuronal NMDARs display distinct structural, functional, and pharmacological features than their neuronal counterparts.
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Zhu J, Wan Y, Xu H, Wu Y, Hu B, Jin H. The role of endogenous tissue-type plasminogen activator in neuronal survival after ischemic stroke: friend or foe? Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1489-1506. [PMID: 30656378 PMCID: PMC11105644 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous protease tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) has highly efficient fibrinolytic activity and its recombinant variants alteplase and tenecteplase are established as highly effective thrombolytic drugs for ischemic stroke. Endogenous tPA is constituted of five functional domains through which it interacts with a variety of substrates, binding proteins and receptors, thus having enzymatic and cytokine-like effects to act on all cell types of the brain. In the past 2 decades, numerous studies have explored the clinical relevance of endogenous tPA in neurological diseases, especially in ischemic stroke. tPA is released from many cells within the brain parenchyma exposed to ischemia conditions in vitro and in vivo, which is believed to control neuronal fate. Some studies proved that tPA could induce blood-brain barrier disruption, neural excitotoxicity and inflammation, while others indicated that tPA also has anti-excitotoxic, neurotrophic and anti-apoptotic effects on neurons. Therefore, more work is needed to elucidate how tPA mediates such opposing functions that may amplify tPA from a therapeutic means into a key therapeutic target in endogenous neuroprotection after stroke. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics and pleiotropic functions of tPA in the brain. Then we focus on possible hypotheses about why and how endogenous tPA mediates ischemic neuronal death and survival. Finally, we analyze how endogenous tPA affects neuron fate in ischemic stroke in a comprehensive view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Wan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Hexiang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yulang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Huijuan Jin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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Kuzmina US, Zainullina LF, Vakhitov VA, Bakhtiyarova KZ, Vakhitova YV. The role of glutamate in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:160-167. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2019119081160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Thiebaut AM, Gauberti M, Ali C, Martinez De Lizarrondo S, Vivien D, Yepes M, Roussel BD. The role of plasminogen activators in stroke treatment: fibrinolysis and beyond. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17:1121-1132. [PMID: 30507392 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although recent technical advances in thrombectomy have revolutionised acute stroke treatment, prevalence of disability and death related to stroke remain high. Therefore, plasminogen activators-eukaryotic, bacterial, or engineered forms that can promote fibrinolysis by converting plasminogen into active plasmin and facilitate clot breakdown-are still commonly used in the acute treatment of ischaemic stroke. Hence, plasminogen activators have become a crucial area for clinical investigation for their ability to recanalise occluded arteries in ischaemic stroke and to accelerate haematoma clearance in haemorrhagic stroke. However, inconsistent results, insufficient evidence of efficacy, or reports of side-effects in trial settings might reduce the use of plasminogen activators in clinical practice. Additionally, the mechanism of action for plasminogen activators could extend beyond the vessel lumen and involve plasminogen-independent processes, which would suggest that plasminogen activators have also non-fibrinolytic roles. Understanding the complex mechanisms of action of plasminogen activators can guide future directions for therapeutic interventions in patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Thiebaut
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Maxime Gauberti
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Carine Ali
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Sara Martinez De Lizarrondo
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Cyceron, Caen, France; Clinical Research Department, University Hospital Caen-Normandy, Caen, France
| | - Manuel Yepes
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benoit D Roussel
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Cyceron, Caen, France.
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Labeyrie PE, Goulay R, Martinez de Lizarrondo S, Hébert M, Gauberti M, Maubert E, Delaunay B, Gory B, Signorelli F, Turjman F, Touzé E, Courthéoux P, Vivien D, Orset C. Vascular Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Promotes Intracranial Aneurysm Formation. Stroke 2017; 48:2574-2582. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.017305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul-Emile Labeyrie
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Romain Goulay
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Marie Hébert
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Maxime Gauberti
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Eric Maubert
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Barbara Delaunay
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Benjamin Gory
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Francesco Signorelli
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Francis Turjman
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Emmanuel Touzé
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Patrick Courthéoux
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Denis Vivien
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Cyrille Orset
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
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Can the benefits of rtPA treatment for stroke be improved? Rev Neurol (Paris) 2017; 173:566-571. [PMID: 28797689 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine protease well known to promote fibrinolysis. This is why: its recombinant form (rtPA) can be used, either alone or combined with thrombectomy, to promote recanalization/reperfusion following ischemic stroke. However, its overall benefits are counteracted by some of its side-effects, including incomplete lysis of clots, an increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation and the possibility of neurotoxicity. Nevertheless, better understanding of the mechanisms by which tPA influences brain function and promotes its alteration may help in the design of new strategies to improve stroke therapy.
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Macrez R, Vivien D, Docagne F. [Role of endothelial NMDA receptors in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 32:1068-1071. [PMID: 28044968 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163212008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Macrez
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, Inserm, physiopathology and imaging of neurological disorders (PhIND), boulevard Becquere, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, Inserm, physiopathology and imaging of neurological disorders (PhIND), boulevard Becquere, 14000 Caen, France - Service de biologie, délégation recherche clinique et innovation, centre hospitalier universitaire de Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Fabian Docagne
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, Inserm, physiopathology and imaging of neurological disorders (PhIND), boulevard Becquere, 14000 Caen, France
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Hadzic M, Jack A, Wahle P. Ionotropic glutamate receptors: Which ones, when, and where in the mammalian neocortex. J Comp Neurol 2016; 525:976-1033. [PMID: 27560295 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A multitude of 18 iGluR receptor subunits, many of which are diversified by splicing and RNA editing, localize to >20 excitatory and inhibitory neocortical neuron types defined by physiology, morphology, and transcriptome in addition to various types of glial, endothelial, and blood cells. Here we have compiled the published expression of iGluR subunits in the areas and cell types of developing and adult cortex of rat, mouse, carnivore, bovine, monkey, and human as determined with antibody- and mRNA-based techniques. iGluRs are differentially expressed in the cortical areas and in the species, and all have a unique developmental pattern. Differences are quantitative rather than a mere absence/presence of expression. iGluR are too ubiquitously expressed and of limited use as markers for areas or layers. A focus has been the iGluR profile of cortical interneuron types. For instance, GluK1 and GluN3A are enriched in, but not specific for, interneurons; moreover, the interneurons expressing these subunits belong to different types. Adressing the types is still a major hurdle because type-specific markers are lacking, and the frequently used neuropeptide/CaBP signatures are subject to regulation by age and activity and vary as well between species and areas. RNA-seq reveals almost all subunits in the two morphofunctionally characterized interneuron types of adult cortical layer I, suggesting a fairly broad expression at the RNA level. It remains to be determined whether all proteins are synthesized, to which pre- or postsynaptic subdomains in a given neuron type they localize, and whether all are involved in synaptic transmission. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:976-1033, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minela Hadzic
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology ND 6/72, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Jack
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology ND 6/72, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Petra Wahle
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology ND 6/72, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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Macrez R, Stys PK, Vivien D, Lipton SA, Docagne F. Mechanisms of glutamate toxicity in multiple sclerosis: biomarker and therapeutic opportunities. Lancet Neurol 2016; 15:1089-102. [PMID: 27571160 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Research advances support the idea that excessive activation of the glutamatergic pathway plays an important part in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. Beyond the well established direct toxic effects on neurons, additional sites of glutamate-induced cell damage have been described, including effects in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, endothelial cells, and immune cells. Such toxic effects could provide a link between various pathological aspects of multiple sclerosis, such as axonal damage, oligodendrocyte cell death, demyelination, autoimmunity, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Understanding of the mechanisms underlying glutamate toxicity in multiple sclerosis could help in the development of new approaches for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up in patients with this debilitating disease. While several clinical trials of glutamatergic modulators have had disappointing results, our growing understanding suggests that there is reason to remain optimistic about the therapeutic potential of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter K Stys
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Denis Vivien
- INSERM U919, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Scintillon Institute San Diego, CA, USA; Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; School of Mecicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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