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Park S, Noblett N, Pitts L, Colavita A, Wehman AM, Jin Y, Chisholm AD. Dopey-dependent regulation of extracellular vesicles maintains neuronal morphology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.07.591898. [PMID: 38766017 PMCID: PMC11100700 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.07.591898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Mature neurons maintain their distinctive morphology for extended periods in adult life. Compared to developmental neurite outgrowth, axon guidance, and target selection, relatively little is known of mechanisms that maintain mature neuron morphology. Loss of function in C. elegans DIP-2, a member of the conserved lipid metabolic regulator Dip2 family, results in progressive overgrowth of neurites in adults. We find that dip-2 mutants display specific genetic interactions with sax-2, the C. elegans ortholog of Drosophila Furry and mammalian FRY. Combined loss of DIP-2 and SAX-2 results in severe disruption of neuronal morphology maintenance accompanied by increased release of neuronal extracellular vesicles (EVs). By screening for suppressors of dip-2 sax-2 double mutant defects we identified gain-of-function (gf) mutations in the conserved Dopey family protein PAD-1 and its associated phospholipid flippase TAT-5/ATP9A. In dip-2 sax-2 double mutants carrying either pad-1(gf) or tat-5(gf) mutation, EV release is reduced and neuronal morphology across multiple neuron types is restored to largely normal. PAD-1(gf) acts cell autonomously in neurons. The domain containing pad-1(gf) is essential for PAD-1 function, and PAD-1(gf) protein displays increased association with the plasma membrane and inhibits EV release. Our findings uncover a novel functional network of DIP-2, SAX-2, PAD-1, and TAT-5 that maintains morphology of neurons and other types of cells, shedding light on the mechanistic basis of neurological disorders involving human orthologs of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmee Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nathaniel Noblett
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Pitts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Antonio Colavita
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann M Wehman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Yishi Jin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew D Chisholm
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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2
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Nunes LGA, Ma C, Hoffmann FW, Shay AE, Pitts MW, Hoffmann PR. Selenoprotein I is indispensable for ether lipid homeostasis and proper myelination. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107259. [PMID: 38582453 PMCID: PMC11061234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein I (SELENOI) catalyzes the final reaction of the CDP-ethanolamine branch of the Kennedy pathway, generating the phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and plasmenyl-PE. Plasmenyl-PE is a key component of myelin and is characterized by a vinyl ether bond that preferentially reacts with oxidants, thus serves as a sacrificial antioxidant. In humans, multiple loss-of-function mutations in genes affecting plasmenyl-PE metabolism have been implicated in hereditary spastic paraplegia, including SELENOI. Herein, we developed a mouse model of nervous system-restricted SELENOI deficiency that circumvents embryonic lethality caused by constitutive deletion and recapitulates phenotypic features of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Resulting mice exhibited pronounced alterations in brain lipid composition, which coincided with motor deficits and neuropathology including hypomyelination, elevated reactive gliosis, and microcephaly. Further studies revealed increased lipid peroxidation in oligodendrocyte lineage cells and disrupted oligodendrocyte maturation both in vivo and in vitro. Altogether, these findings detail a critical role for SELENOI-derived plasmenyl-PE in myelination that is of paramount importance for neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance G A Nunes
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Chi Ma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - FuKun W Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Ashley E Shay
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew W Pitts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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3
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Deng J, Sun C, Zheng Y, Gao J, Cui X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Tang P. In vivo imaging of the neuronal response to spinal cord injury: a narrative review. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:811-817. [PMID: 37843216 PMCID: PMC10664102 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the neuronal response to injury in the spinal cord is essential for exploring treatment strategies for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, this subject has been neglected in part because appropriate tools are lacking. Emerging in vivo imaging and labeling methods offer great potential for observing dynamic neural processes in the central nervous system in conditions of health and disease. This review first discusses in vivo imaging of the mouse spinal cord with a focus on the latest imaging techniques, and then analyzes the dynamic biological response of spinal cord sensory and motor neurons to SCI. We then summarize and compare the techniques behind these studies and clarify the advantages of in vivo imaging compared with traditional neuroscience examinations. Finally, we identify the challenges and possible solutions for spinal cord neuron imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jianpeng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
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4
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Damiani D, Baggiani M, Della Vecchia S, Naef V, Santorelli FM. Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Preclinical Cellular Model for Studying Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2615. [PMID: 38473862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) comprise a family of degenerative diseases mostly hitting descending axons of corticospinal neurons. Depending on the gene and mutation involved, the disease could present as a pure form with limb spasticity, or a complex form associated with cerebellar and/or cortical signs such as ataxia, dysarthria, epilepsy, and intellectual disability. The progressive nature of HSPs invariably leads patients to require walking canes or wheelchairs over time. Despite several attempts to ameliorate the life quality of patients that have been tested, current therapeutical approaches are just symptomatic, as no cure is available. Progress in research in the last two decades has identified a vast number of genes involved in HSP etiology, using cellular and animal models generated on purpose. Although unanimously considered invaluable tools for basic research, those systems are rarely predictive for the establishment of a therapeutic approach. The advent of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells allowed instead the direct study of morphological and molecular properties of the patient's affected neurons generated upon in vitro differentiation. In this review, we revisited all the present literature recently published regarding the use of iPS cells to differentiate HSP patient-specific neurons. Most studies have defined patient-derived neurons as a reliable model to faithfully mimic HSP in vitro, discovering original findings through immunological and -omics approaches, and providing a platform to screen novel or repurposed drugs. Thereby, one of the biggest hopes of current HSP research regards the use of patient-derived iPS cells to expand basic knowledge on the disease, while simultaneously establishing new therapeutic treatments for both generalized and personalized approaches in daily medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devid Damiani
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Baggiani
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Della Vecchia
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Naef
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
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Zhu Y, Burg T, Neyrinck K, Vervliet T, Nami F, Vervoort E, Ahuja K, Sassano ML, Chai YC, Tharkeshwar AK, De Smedt J, Hu H, Bultynck G, Agostinis P, Swinnen JV, Van Den Bosch L, da Costa RFM, Verfaillie C. Disruption of MAM integrity in mutant FUS oligodendroglial progenitors from hiPSCs. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:6. [PMID: 38170217 PMCID: PMC10764485 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by selective loss of motor neurons (MNs). A number of causative genetic mutations underlie the disease, including mutations in the fused in sarcoma (FUS) gene, which can lead to both juvenile and late-onset ALS. Although ALS results from MN death, there is evidence that dysfunctional glial cells, including oligodendroglia, contribute to neurodegeneration. Here, we used human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) with a R521H or a P525L mutation in FUS and their isogenic controls to generate oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) by inducing SOX10 expression from a TET-On SOX10 cassette. Mutant and control iPSCs differentiated efficiently into OPCs. RNA sequencing identified a myelin sheath-related phenotype in mutant OPCs. Lipidomic studies demonstrated defects in myelin-related lipids, with a reduction of glycerophospholipids in mutant OPCs. Interestingly, FUSR521H OPCs displayed a decrease in the phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio, known to be associated with maintaining membrane integrity. A proximity ligation assay further indicated that mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM) were diminished in both mutant FUS OPCs. Moreover, both mutant FUS OPCs displayed increased susceptibility to ER stress when exposed to thapsigargin, and exhibited impaired mitochondrial respiration and reduced Ca2+ signaling from ER Ca2+ stores. Taken together, these results demonstrate a pathological role of mutant FUS in OPCs, causing defects in lipid metabolism associated with MAM disruption manifested by impaired mitochondrial metabolism with increased susceptibility to ER stress and with suppressed physiological Ca2+ signaling. As such, further exploration of the role of oligodendrocyte dysfunction in the demise of MNs is crucial and will provide new insights into the complex cellular mechanisms underlying ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Zhu
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Thibaut Burg
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Neyrinck
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vervliet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fatemeharefeh Nami
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Vervoort
- Laboratory of Cell Death Research and Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karan Ahuja
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Livia Sassano
- Laboratory of Cell Death Research and Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yoke Chin Chai
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arun Kumar Tharkeshwar
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan De Smedt
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Haibo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Laboratory of Cell Death Research and Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Catherine Verfaillie
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Hu ZL, Yuan YQ, Tong Z, Liao MQ, Yuan SL, Jian Y, Yang JL, Liu WF. Reexamining the Causes and Effects of Cholesterol Deposition in the Brains of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6852-6868. [PMID: 37507575 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Numerous studies have shown that imbalances in cholesterol homeostasis in the brains of AD patients precede the onset of clinical symptoms. In addition, cholesterol deposition has been observed in the brains of AD patients even though peripheral cholesterol does not enter the brain through the blood‒brain barrier (BBB). Studies have demonstrated that cholesterol metabolism in the brain is associated with many pathological conditions, such as amyloid beta (Aβ) production, Tau protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In 2022, some scholars put forward a new hypothesis of AD: the disease involves lipid invasion and its exacerbation of the abnormal metabolism of cholesterol in the brain. In this review, by discussing the latest research progress, the causes and effects of cholesterol retention in the brains of AD patients are analyzed and discussed. Additionally, the possible mechanism through which AD may be improved by targeting cholesterol is described. Finally, we propose that improving the impairments in cholesterol removal observed in the brains of AD patients, instead of further reducing the already impaired cholesterol synthesis in the brain, may be the key to preventing cholesterol deposition and improving the corresponding pathological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Lin Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Yang-Qi Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Zhen Tong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Mei-Qing Liao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Shun-Ling Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Ye Jian
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Jia-Lun Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Wen-Feng Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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7
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Dogaru CB, Muscurel C, Duță C, Stoian I. "Alphabet" Selenoproteins: Their Characteristics and Physiological Roles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15992. [PMID: 37958974 PMCID: PMC10650576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a metalloid that is recognized as one of the vital trace elements in our body and plays multiple biological roles, largely mediated by proteins containing selenium-selenoproteins. Selenoproteins mainly have oxidoreductase functions but are also involved in many different molecular signaling pathways, physiological roles, and complex pathogenic processes (including, for example, teratogenesis, neurodegenerative, immuno-inflammatory, and obesity development). All of the selenoproteins contain one selenocysteine (Sec) residue, with only one notable exception, the selenoprotein P (SELENOP), which has 10 Sec residues. Although these mechanisms have been studied intensely and in detail, the characteristics and functions of many selenoproteins remain unknown. This review is dedicated to the recent data describing the identity and the functions of several selenoproteins that are less known than glutathione peroxidases (Gpxs), iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO), thioredoxin reductases (TRxRs), and methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs) and which are named after alphabetical letters (i.e., F, H, I, K, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, V, W). These "alphabet" selenoproteins are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathogenetic processes such as antioxidant defense, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, regulation of immune response, regulation of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, immune and inflammatory response, and toxin antagonism. In selenium deficiency, the "alphabet" selenoproteins are affected hierarchically, both with respect to the particular selenoprotein and the tissue of expression, as the brain or endocrine glands are hardly affected by Se deficiency due to their equipment with LRP2 or LRP8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carmen Duță
- Department of Biochemistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania (I.S.)
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Zakirjanova GF, Giniatullin AR, Gafurova CR, Malomouzh AI, Fedorov NS, Khaziev AN, Tsentsevitsky AN, Petrov AM. Effects of cholesterol oxidase on neurotransmission and acetylcholine levels at the mice neuromuscular junctions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 749:109803. [PMID: 37955112 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane cholesterol oxidation is a hallmark of redox and metabolic imbalance, and it may accompany neurodegenerative disorders. Using microelectrode recordings of postsynaptic responses as well as fluorescent dyes for monitoring synaptic vesicle cycling and membrane properties, the action of enzymatic cholesterol oxidation on neuromuscular transmission was studied in the mice diaphragms. Cholesterol oxidase (ChO) at low concentration disturbed lipid-ordering specifically in the synaptic membranes, but it did not change markedly spontaneous exocytosis and evoked release in response to single stimuli. At low external Ca2+ conditions, analysis of single exocytotic events revealed a decrease in minimal synaptic delay and the probability of exocytosis upon plasmalemmal cholesterol oxidation. At moderate- and high-frequency activity, ChO treatment enhanced both neurotransmitter and FM-dye release. Furthermore, it precluded a change in exocytotic mode from full-fusion to kiss-and-run during high-frequency stimulation. Accumulation of extracellular acetylcholine (without stimulation) dependent on vesamicol-sensitive transporters was suppressed by ChO. The effects of plasmalemmal cholesterol oxidation on both neurotransmitter/dye release at intense activity and external acetylcholine levels were reversed when synaptic vesicle membranes were also exposed to ChO (i.e., the enzyme treatment was combined with induction of exo-endocytotic cycling). Thus, we suggest that plasmalemmal cholesterol oxidation affects exocytotic machinery functioning, enhances synaptic vesicle recruitment to the exocytosis and decreases extracellular neurotransmitter levels at rest, whereas ChO acting on synaptic vesicle membranes suppresses the participation of the vesicles in the subsequent exocytosis and increases the neurotransmitter leakage. The mechanisms underlying ChO action can be related to the lipid raft disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzalia F Zakirjanova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012, RT, Russia
| | - Arthur R Giniatullin
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012, RT, Russia
| | - Chulpan R Gafurova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012, RT, Russia
| | - Artem I Malomouzh
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia; Kazan National Research Technical University, 10, K. Marx Street, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Nikita S Fedorov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia
| | - Arthur N Khaziev
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia
| | - Andrei N Tsentsevitsky
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012, RT, Russia; Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
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9
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Wang M, Ho MS. Profiling neurotransmitter-evoked glial responses by RNA-sequencing analysis. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1252759. [PMID: 37645568 PMCID: PMC10461064 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1252759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fundamental properties of neurons and glia are distinctively different. Neurons are excitable cells that transmit information, whereas glia have long been considered as passive bystanders. Recently, the concept of tripartite synapse is proposed that glia are structurally and functionally incorporated into the synapse, the basic unit of information processing in the brains. It has then become intriguing how glia actively communicate with the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments to influence the signal transmission. Here we present a thorough analysis at the transcriptional level on how glia respond to different types of neurotransmitters. Adult fly glia were purified from brains incubated with different types of neurotransmitters ex vivo. Subsequent RNA-sequencing analyses reveal distinct and overlapping patterns for these transcriptomes. Whereas Acetylcholine (ACh) and Glutamate (Glu) more vigorously activate glial gene expression, GABA retains its inhibitory effect. All neurotransmitters fail to trigger a significant change in the expression of their synthesis enzymes, yet Glu triggers increased expression of neurotransmitter receptors including its own and nAChRs. Expressions of transporters for GABA and Glutamate are under diverse controls from DA, GABA, and Glu, suggesting that the evoked intracellular pathways by these neurotransmitters are interconnected. Furthermore, changes in the expression of genes involved in calcium signaling also functionally predict the change in the glial activity. Finally, neurotransmitters also trigger a general metabolic suppression in glia except the DA, which upregulates a number of genes involved in transporting nutrients and amino acids. Our findings fundamentally dissect the transcriptional change in glia facing neuronal challenges; these results provide insights on how glia and neurons crosstalk in a synaptic context and underlie the mechanism of brain function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret S. Ho
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Launay N, Ruiz M, Planas-Serra L, Verdura E, Rodríguez-Palmero A, Schlüter A, Goicoechea L, Guilera C, Casas J, Campelo F, Jouanguy E, Casanova JL, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Vazquez Cancela M, Gutiérrez-Solana LG, Casasnovas C, Area-Gomez E, Pujol A. RINT1 deficiency disrupts lipid metabolism and underlies a complex hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162836. [PMID: 37463447 DOI: 10.1172/jci162836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rad50 interacting protein 1 (Rint1) is a key player in vesicular trafficking between the ER and Golgi apparatus. Biallelic variants in RINT1 cause infantile-onset episodic acute liver failure (ALF). Here, we describe 3 individuals from 2 unrelated families with novel biallelic RINT1 loss-of-function variants who presented with early onset spastic paraplegia, ataxia, optic nerve hypoplasia, and dysmorphic features, broadening the previously described phenotype. Our functional and lipidomic analyses provided evidence that pathogenic RINT1 variants induce defective lipid-droplet biogenesis and profound lipid abnormalities in fibroblasts and plasma that impact both neutral lipid and phospholipid metabolism, including decreased triglycerides and diglycerides, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine ratios, and inhibited Lands cycle. Further, RINT1 mutations induced intracellular ROS production and reduced ATP synthesis, affecting mitochondria with membrane depolarization, aberrant cristae ultrastructure, and increased fission. Altogether, our results highlighted the pivotal role of RINT1 in lipid metabolism and mitochondria function, with a profound effect in central nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Launay
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ruiz
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Planas-Serra
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edgard Verdura
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustí Rodríguez-Palmero
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Neurology unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agatha Schlüter
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Goicoechea
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Guilera
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Departament de Química Biomèdica, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEREHD, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades heoaticas y digestivas, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- CRMR Leukofrance Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Robert Debré AP-HP, Paris, France
- UMR1141 Neurodiderot Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Luis González Gutiérrez-Solana
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Consulta de Neurodegenerativas, Sección de Neurología Pediátrica, Hospital, Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Casasnovas
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Grapentine S, Singh RK, Bakovic M. Skeletal Muscle Consequences of Phosphatidylethanolamine Synthesis Deficiency. FUNCTION 2023; 4:zqad020. [PMID: 37342414 PMCID: PMC10278983 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of phospholipid homeostasis is increasingly being implicated in metabolic health. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is the most abundant phospholipid on the inner leaflet of cellular membranes, and we have previously shown that mice with a heterozygous ablation of the PE synthesizing enzyme, Pcyt2 (Pcyt2+/-), develop obesity, insulin resistance, and NASH. Skeletal muscle is a major determinant of systemic energy metabolism, making it a key player in metabolic disease development. Both the total PE levels and the ratio of PE to other membrane lipids in skeletal muscle are implicated in insulin resistance; however, the underlying mechanisms and the role of Pcyt2 regulation in this association remain unclear. Here, we show how reduced phospholipid synthesis due to Pcyt2 deficiency causes Pcyt2+/- skeletal muscle dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities. Pcyt2+/- skeletal muscle exhibits damage and degeneration, with skeletal muscle cell vacuolization, disordered sarcomeres, mitochondria ultrastructure irregularities and paucity, inflammation, and fibrosis. There is intramuscular adipose tissue accumulation, and major disturbances in lipid metabolism with impaired FA mobilization and oxidation, elevated lipogenesis, and long-chain fatty acyl-CoA, diacylglycerol, and triacylglycerol accumulation. Pcyt2+/- skeletal muscle exhibits perturbed glucose metabolism with elevated glycogen content, impaired insulin signaling, and reduced glucose uptake. Together, this study lends insight into the critical role of PE homeostasis in skeletal muscle metabolism and health with broad implications on metabolic disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Grapentine
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rathnesh K Singh
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Marica Bakovic
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
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12
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Mou Y, Nandi G, Mukte S, Chai E, Chen Z, Nielsen JE, Nielsen TT, Criscuolo C, Blackstone C, Fraidakis MJ, Li XJ. Chenodeoxycholic acid rescues axonal degeneration in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from spastic paraplegia type 5 and cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:72. [PMID: 37024986 PMCID: PMC10080795 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02666-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biallelic mutations in CYP27A1 and CYP7B1, two critical genes regulating cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, cause cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) and hereditary spastic paraplegia type 5 (SPG5), respectively. These rare diseases are characterized by progressive degeneration of corticospinal motor neuron axons, yet the underlying pathogenic mechanisms and strategies to mitigate axonal degeneration remain elusive. METHODS To generate induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based models for CTX and SPG5, we reprogrammed patient skin fibroblasts into iPSCs by transducing fibroblast cells with episomal vectors containing pluripotency factors. These patient-specific iPSCs, as well as control iPSCs, were differentiated into cortical projection neurons (PNs) and examined for biochemical alterations and disease-related phenotypes. RESULTS CTX and SPG5 patient iPSC-derived cortical PNs recapitulated several disease-specific biochemical changes and axonal defects of both diseases. Notably, the bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) effectively mitigated the biochemical alterations and rescued axonal degeneration in patient iPSC-derived neurons. To further examine underlying disease mechanisms, we developed CYP7B1 knockout human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines using CRISPR-cas9-mediated gene editing and, following differentiation, examined hESC-derived cortical PNs. Knockout of CYP7B1 resulted in similar axonal vesiculation and degeneration in human cortical PN axons, confirming a cause-effect relationship between gene deficiency and axonal degeneration. Interestingly, CYP7B1 deficiency led to impaired neurofilament expression and organization as well as axonal degeneration, which could be rescued with CDCA, establishing a new disease mechanism and therapeutic target to mitigate axonal degeneration. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate disease-specific lipid disturbances and axonopathy mechanisms in human pluripotent stem cell-based neuronal models of CTX and SPG5 and identify CDCA, an established treatment of CTX, as a potential pharmacotherapy for SPG5. We propose this novel treatment strategy to rescue axonal degeneration in SPG5, a currently incurable condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Mou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL, 61107, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Ghata Nandi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL, 61107, USA
| | - Sukhada Mukte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL, 61107, USA
| | - Eric Chai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL, 61107, USA
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL, 61107, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Jorgen E Nielsen
- Neurogenetics Clinic & Research Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troels T Nielsen
- Neurogenetics Clinic & Research Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chiara Criscuolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Craig Blackstone
- Movement Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Matthew J Fraidakis
- Rare Neurological Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School of the University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Xue-Jun Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL, 61107, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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13
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Burtscher J, Pepe G, Maharjan N, Riguet N, Di Pardo A, Maglione V, Millet GP. Sphingolipids and impaired hypoxic stress responses in Huntington disease. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 90:101224. [PMID: 36898481 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a debilitating, currently incurable disease. Protein aggregation and metabolic deficits are pathological hallmarks but their link to neurodegeneration and symptoms remains debated. Here, we summarize alterations in the levels of different sphingolipids in an attempt to characterize sphingolipid patterns specific to HD, an additional molecular hallmark of the disease. Based on the crucial role of sphingolipids in maintaining cellular homeostasis, the dynamic regulation of sphingolipids upon insults and their involvement in cellular stress responses, we hypothesize that maladaptations or blunted adaptations, especially following cellular stress due to reduced oxygen supply (hypoxia) contribute to the development of pathology in HD. We review how sphingolipids shape cellular energy metabolism and control proteostasis and suggest how these functions may fail in HD and in combination with additional insults. Finally, we evaluate the potential of improving cellular resilience in HD by conditioning approaches (improving the efficiency of cellular stress responses) and the role of sphingolipids therein. Sphingolipid metabolism is crucial for cellular homeostasis and for adaptations following cellular stress, including hypoxia. Inadequate cellular management of hypoxic stress likely contributes to HD progression, and sphingolipids are potential mediators. Targeting sphingolipids and the hypoxic stress response are novel treatment strategies for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Giuseppe Pepe
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Niran Maharjan
- Department of Neurology, Center for Experimental Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Alba Di Pardo
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Wang SS, Xu X, Lu AX, Li WH, Liu JX, Liu C, Yan CH. Amelioration of cholesterol sulfate for lead-induced CTX cell apoptosis based on BDNF signaling pathway mediated cholesterol metabolism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114307. [PMID: 36423370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), as a deleterious heavy metal, ubiquitously exists in environment and industry, which engenders multi-organ disfunction, especially the brain of infants who are vulnerable to attack from lead-induced neurotoxicity. Although cholesterol sulfate (CS) is crucial constituent of cell membranes and precursor of neurosteroids, which maintains the function and survival of neurons, the role of CS in lead-induced neurological damage still remains incomplete. In this work, Rat Brain Astrocytes cell line (CTX cells) was applied into exploration that protective effects of CS on CTX cell apoptosis induced by lead via the regulation of BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway mediated cholesterol metabolism. We found that CTX cells exposed to lead manifested apparent cytotoxicity, where the viability of CTX cells was significantly suppressed, accompanied with the elevation of apoptosis, in response to a trend towards increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and pro-apoptotic protein Cleaved-caspase3, synchronized with the decline in anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Moreover, accumulation of lead in CTX cells showed a dose-dependent increase, and meanwhile, decrements in cholesterol content occurred along with increase in lead exposure, in which expressions of cholesterol metabolism related proteins and transcriptions of its genes (SREBP2, LDLR, and HMGCR) were diminished. Furthermore, BDNF signaling pathway was obviously blocked after lead exposure, down-regulating expressions of proteins BDNF and TrkB. However, pretreatment with CS detoxified the negative impacts of lead-invoked CTX cell damage, acting as an effective remedy for apoptosis, imbalance of cholesterol metabolism and inhibition of BDNF signaling pathway. In addition, the relationship between BDNF signaling pathway and cholesterol metabolism was further verified, in which cholesterol metabolism related proteins and genes were promoted significantly after the activation of BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway using 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), thereby detoxifying lead-induced CTX cell injury. However, the pretreatment of TrkB inhibitor ANA-12 offset the promotion of 7,8-DHF and ultimately inhibit cholesterol metabolism. Overall, our study demonstrated that CS could initiate the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway, regulating the cholesterol metabolism against CTX cell apoptosis invoked by lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Su Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - An-Xin Lu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-He Li
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Xia Liu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liu
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chong-Huai Yan
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Bodkin C, Comer A, Felker M, Gutmann L, Jones KA, Kincaid J, Payne KK, Skinner B. Challenging Neuromuscular Disease Cases. Semin Neurol 2022; 42:716-722. [PMID: 36417990 DOI: 10.1055/a-1985-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders requires a thorough history including family history and examination, with the next steps broadened now beyond electromyography and neuropathology to include genetic testing. The challenge in diagnosis can often be putting all the information together. With advances in genetic testing, some diagnoses that adult patients may have received as children deserve a second look and may result in diagnoses better defined or alternative diagnoses made. Clearly defining or redefining a diagnosis can result in understanding of potential other systems involved, prognosis, or potential treatments. This article presents several cases and approach to diagnosis as well as potential treatment and prognostic concerns, including seipinopathy, congenital myasthenic syndrome, central core myopathy, and myotonic dystrophy type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Bodkin
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Adam Comer
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Marcia Felker
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Laurie Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Karra A Jones
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - John Kincaid
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Katelyn K Payne
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Blair Skinner
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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16
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Nunes LGA, Pitts MW, Hoffmann PR. Selenoprotein I (selenoi) as a critical enzyme in the central nervous system. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 729:109376. [PMID: 36007576 PMCID: PMC11166481 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Selenoprotein I (selenoi) is a unique selenocysteine (Sec)-containing protein widely expressed throughout the body. Selenoi belongs to two different protein families: the selenoproteins that are characterized by a redox reactive Sec residue and the lipid phosphotransferases that contain the highly conserved cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-alcohol phosphotransferase motif. Selenoi catalyzes the third reaction of the CDP-ethanolamine branch of the Kennedy pathway within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This is not a redox reaction and does not directly involve the Sec residue, making selenoi quite distinct among selenoproteins. Selenoi is also unique among lipid phosphotransferases as the only family member containing a Sec residue near its C-terminus that serves an unknown function. The reaction catalyzed by selenoi involves the transfer of the ethanolamine phosphate group from CDP-ethanolamine to one of two lipid donors, 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) or 1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol (AAG), to produce PE or plasmanyl PE, respectively. Plasmanyl PE is subsequently converted to plasmenyl PE by plasmanylethanolamine desaturase. Both PE and plasmenyl PE are critical phospholipids in the central nervous system (CNS), as demonstrated through clinical studies involving SELENOI mutations as well as studies in cell lines and mice. Deletion of SELENOI in mice is embryonic lethal, while loss-of-function mutations in the human SELENOI gene have been found in rare cases leading to a form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). HSP is an upper motor disease characterized by spasticity of the lower limbs, which is often manifested with other symptoms such as impaired vision/hearing, ataxia, cognitive/intellectual impairment, and seizures. This article will summarize the current understanding of selenoi as a metabolic enzyme and discuss its role in the CNS physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance G A Nunes
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Matthew W Pitts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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17
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Tábara LC, Al-Salmi F, Maroofian R, Al-Futaisi AM, Al-Murshedi F, Kennedy J, Day JO, Courtin T, Al-Khayat A, Galedari H, Mazaheri N, Protasoni M, Johnson M, Leslie JS, Salter CG, Rawlins LE, Fasham J, Al-Maawali A, Voutsina N, Charles P, Harrold L, Keren B, Kunji ERS, Vona B, Jelodar G, Sedaghat A, Shariati G, Houlden H, Crosby AH, Prudent J, Baple EL. TMEM63C mutations cause mitochondrial morphology defects and underlie hereditary spastic paraplegia. Brain 2022; 145:3095-3107. [PMID: 35718349 PMCID: PMC9473353 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are among the most genetically diverse of all Mendelian disorders. They comprise a large group of neurodegenerative diseases that may be divided into 'pure HSP' in forms of the disease primarily entailing progressive lower-limb weakness and spasticity, and 'complex HSP' when these features are accompanied by other neurological (or non-neurological) clinical signs. Here, we identified biallelic variants in the transmembrane protein 63C (TMEM63C) gene, encoding a predicted osmosensitive calcium-permeable cation channel, in individuals with hereditary spastic paraplegias associated with mild intellectual disability in some, but not all cases. Biochemical and microscopy analyses revealed that TMEM63C is an endoplasmic reticulum-localized protein, which is particularly enriched at mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites. Functional in cellula studies indicate a role for TMEM63C in regulating both endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial morphologies. Together, these findings identify autosomal recessive TMEM63C variants as a cause of pure and complex HSP and add to the growing evidence of a fundamental pathomolecular role of perturbed mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum dynamics in motor neurone degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Carlos Tábara
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Fatema Al-Salmi
- Level 4, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Medical Research Centre, RD&E (Wonford)
NHS Foundation Trust, University of Exeter Medical School,
Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Reza Maroofian
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College
London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Amna Mohammed Al-Futaisi
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Department of Genetics, College
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital,
Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Fathiya Al-Murshedi
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Department of Genetics, College
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital,
Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Joanna Kennedy
- Level 4, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Medical Research Centre, RD&E (Wonford)
NHS Foundation Trust, University of Exeter Medical School,
Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
- Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals Bristol,
Bristol BS2 8EG, UK
| | - Jacob O Day
- Level 4, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Medical Research Centre, RD&E (Wonford)
NHS Foundation Trust, University of Exeter Medical School,
Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth,
Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Thomas Courtin
- Département de génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance
Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75019 Paris, Sorbonne
Université, France
| | - Aisha Al-Khayat
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos
University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hamid Galedari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of
Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Neda Mazaheri
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of
Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Margherita Protasoni
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Mark Johnson
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Joseph S Leslie
- Level 4, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Medical Research Centre, RD&E (Wonford)
NHS Foundation Trust, University of Exeter Medical School,
Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Claire G Salter
- Level 4, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Medical Research Centre, RD&E (Wonford)
NHS Foundation Trust, University of Exeter Medical School,
Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Lettie E Rawlins
- Level 4, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Medical Research Centre, RD&E (Wonford)
NHS Foundation Trust, University of Exeter Medical School,
Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital
(Heavitree), Exeter EX1 2ED, UK
| | - James Fasham
- Level 4, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Medical Research Centre, RD&E (Wonford)
NHS Foundation Trust, University of Exeter Medical School,
Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital
(Heavitree), Exeter EX1 2ED, UK
| | - Almundher Al-Maawali
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Department of Genetics, College
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital,
Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Nikol Voutsina
- Level 4, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Medical Research Centre, RD&E (Wonford)
NHS Foundation Trust, University of Exeter Medical School,
Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Perrine Charles
- Département de génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance
Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75019 Paris, Sorbonne
Université, France
| | - Laura Harrold
- Level 4, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Medical Research Centre, RD&E (Wonford)
NHS Foundation Trust, University of Exeter Medical School,
Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Boris Keren
- Département de génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance
Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75019 Paris, Sorbonne
Université, France
| | - Edmund R S Kunji
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Barbara Vona
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing
Research Centre, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen,
Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gholamreza Jelodar
- Pediatric Neurology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical
Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sedaghat
- Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur
University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Shariati
- Department of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur,
University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Henry Houlden
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College
London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- Level 4, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Medical Research Centre, RD&E (Wonford)
NHS Foundation Trust, University of Exeter Medical School,
Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Emma L Baple
- Level 4, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Medical Research Centre, RD&E (Wonford)
NHS Foundation Trust, University of Exeter Medical School,
Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital
(Heavitree), Exeter EX1 2ED, UK
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Magnuson JT, Caceres L, Sy N, Ji C, Tanabe P, Gan J, Lydy MJ, Schlenk D. The Use of Non-targeted Lipidomics and Histopathology to Characterize the Neurotoxicity of Bifenthrin to Juvenile Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11482-11492. [PMID: 35876619 PMCID: PMC9387103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to the detection frequencies and measured concentrations in surface water, the type I pyrethroid insecticide, bifenthrin, has been of particular concern within the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California. Concentrations have been detected above levels previously reported to impair neuroendocrine function and induce neurotoxicity to several species of salmonids. Metabolomic and transcriptomic studies indicated impairment of cellular signaling within the brain of exposed animals and potential alteration of lipid metabolism. To better understand the potential impacts of bifenthrin on brain lipids, juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to mean bifenthrin concentrations of 28 or 48 ng/L for 14 days, and non-targeted lipidomic profiling in the brain was conducted. Brain tissue sections were also assessed for histopathological insult following bifenthrin treatment. Bifenthrin-exposed trout had a concentration-dependent decrease in the relative abundance of triglycerides (TGs) with levels of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) significantly altered following 48 ng/L bifenthrin exposure. An increased incidence of histopathological lesions, such as focal hemorrhages and congestion of blood vessels, was noted in the brains of bifenthrin-treated animals, suggesting an association between altered lipid metabolism and neuronal cell structure and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T. Magnuson
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Leslie Caceres
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Nathan Sy
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Chenyang Ji
- College
of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Philip Tanabe
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jay Gan
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Michael J. Lydy
- Department
of Zoology, Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Institute
of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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19
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Saneto RP, Perez FA. Mitochondria-Associated Membrane Scaffolding with Endoplasmic Reticulum: A Dynamic Pathway of Developmental Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:908721. [PMID: 35775081 PMCID: PMC9237565 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.908721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between intracellular organelles is essential for overall cellular function. How this communication occurs and under what circumstances alterations transpire are only the beginning to be elucidated. The pathways of calcium homeostasis, lipid transfer, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy/apoptosis have been linked to the endoplasmic reticulum and tethering sites on the outer and/or inner mitochondrial membrane called mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM). Sensitive visualization by high-powered microscopy coupled with the advent of massive parallel sequencing has elaborated the structure, while patient’s diseases have uncovered the physiological function of these networks. Using specific patient examples from our pediatric mitochondrial center, we expand how specific genetic pathological variants in certain MAM structures induce disease. Genetic variants in MICU1, PASC-2, CYP2U1, SERAC1, and TANGO2 can induce early development abnormalities in the areas of cognition, motor, and central nervous system structures across multiple MAM pathways and implicate mitochondrial dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell P. Saneto
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Neuroscience Institute, Center for Integrated Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Russell P. Saneto,
| | - Francisco A. Perez
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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20
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Lipid Dyshomeostasis and Inherited Cerebellar Ataxia. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3800-3828. [PMID: 35420383 PMCID: PMC9148275 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a form of ataxia that originates from dysfunction of the cerebellum, but may involve additional neurological tissues. Its clinical symptoms are mainly characterized by the absence of voluntary muscle coordination and loss of control of movement with varying manifestations due to differences in severity, in the site of cerebellar damage and in the involvement of extracerebellar tissues. Cerebellar ataxia may be sporadic, acquired, and hereditary. Hereditary ataxia accounts for the majority of cases. Hereditary ataxia has been tentatively divided into several subtypes by scientists in the field, and nearly all of them remain incurable. This is mainly because the detailed mechanisms of these cerebellar disorders are incompletely understood. To precisely diagnose and treat these diseases, studies on their molecular mechanisms have been conducted extensively in the past. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that some common pathogenic mechanisms exist within each subtype of inherited ataxia. However, no reports have indicated whether there is a common mechanism among the different subtypes of inherited cerebellar ataxia. In this review, we summarize the available references and databases on neurological disorders characterized by cerebellar ataxia and show that a subset of genes involved in lipid homeostasis form a new group that may cause ataxic disorders through a common mechanism. This common signaling pathway can provide a valuable reference for future diagnosis and treatment of ataxic disorders.
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21
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Leonardis L, Skrjanec Pusenjak M, Maver A, Jaklic H, Ozura Brecko A, Koritnik B, Peterlin B, Writzl K. Axonal Polyneuropathy in 2 Brothers With a Homozygous Missense Variant in the First Catalytic Domain of PCYT2. Neurol Genet 2022; 8:e658. [PMID: 35243002 PMCID: PMC8889895 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives To expand the phenotype and genotype associated with PCYT2-related disorder. Methods Exome sequencing data from a patient with molecularly undiagnosed complex spastic paraplegia and axonal motor and sensory polyneuropathy were analyzed. Clinical data and nerve conduction studies of the patient and his affected brother were collected, and their phenotype and genotype were compared with previously reported patients with PCYT2-related disorder. Results A novel homozygous missense variant in PCYT2 (NM_001184917.2) c.88T>G; p.(Cys30Gly) was identified. This variant is located in a highly conserved tyrosine kinase site and is predicted damaging by several variant annotation tools. Both patients reported here and the previously published patients share several phenotypic features, including short stature, spastic tetraparesis, cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, and cognitive decline. Axonal polyneuropathy, diagnosed in both brothers, was not previously reported. Discussion This family with a novel PCYT2 variant expands the clinical spectrum of PCYT2-related disorder to include axonal motor and sensory polyneuropathy and the genetic spectrum to include the variant located in the first catalytic domain, whereas all previously reported variants are located in the second catalytic domain. Further research is required to disentangle the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, leading to the complex phenotype of PCYT2-related disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Leonardis
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology (L.L., B.K.), University Medical Center Ljubljana; Department of Neurology (L.L., B.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana; Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine (M.S.P., A.M., H.J., B.P., K.W.), University Medical Centre Ljubljana; Medical Faculty (A.M., K.W.), University of Ljubljana; and Division of Neurology (A.O.B.), University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marusa Skrjanec Pusenjak
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology (L.L., B.K.), University Medical Center Ljubljana; Department of Neurology (L.L., B.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana; Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine (M.S.P., A.M., H.J., B.P., K.W.), University Medical Centre Ljubljana; Medical Faculty (A.M., K.W.), University of Ljubljana; and Division of Neurology (A.O.B.), University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ales Maver
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology (L.L., B.K.), University Medical Center Ljubljana; Department of Neurology (L.L., B.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana; Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine (M.S.P., A.M., H.J., B.P., K.W.), University Medical Centre Ljubljana; Medical Faculty (A.M., K.W.), University of Ljubljana; and Division of Neurology (A.O.B.), University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Jaklic
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology (L.L., B.K.), University Medical Center Ljubljana; Department of Neurology (L.L., B.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana; Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine (M.S.P., A.M., H.J., B.P., K.W.), University Medical Centre Ljubljana; Medical Faculty (A.M., K.W.), University of Ljubljana; and Division of Neurology (A.O.B.), University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Ozura Brecko
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology (L.L., B.K.), University Medical Center Ljubljana; Department of Neurology (L.L., B.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana; Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine (M.S.P., A.M., H.J., B.P., K.W.), University Medical Centre Ljubljana; Medical Faculty (A.M., K.W.), University of Ljubljana; and Division of Neurology (A.O.B.), University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaz Koritnik
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology (L.L., B.K.), University Medical Center Ljubljana; Department of Neurology (L.L., B.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana; Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine (M.S.P., A.M., H.J., B.P., K.W.), University Medical Centre Ljubljana; Medical Faculty (A.M., K.W.), University of Ljubljana; and Division of Neurology (A.O.B.), University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology (L.L., B.K.), University Medical Center Ljubljana; Department of Neurology (L.L., B.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana; Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine (M.S.P., A.M., H.J., B.P., K.W.), University Medical Centre Ljubljana; Medical Faculty (A.M., K.W.), University of Ljubljana; and Division of Neurology (A.O.B.), University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Karin Writzl
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology (L.L., B.K.), University Medical Center Ljubljana; Department of Neurology (L.L., B.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana; Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine (M.S.P., A.M., H.J., B.P., K.W.), University Medical Centre Ljubljana; Medical Faculty (A.M., K.W.), University of Ljubljana; and Division of Neurology (A.O.B.), University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
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22
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Edgar JA, Molyneux RJ, Colegate SM. 1,2-Dehydropyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Their Potential as a Dietary Cause of Sporadic Motor Neuron Diseases. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:340-354. [PMID: 35238548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic motor neuron diseases (MNDs), such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), can be caused by spontaneous genetic mutations. However, many sporadic cases of ALS and other debilitating neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are believed to be caused by environmental factors, subject to considerable debate and requiring intensive research. A common pathology associated with MND development involves progressive mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in motor neurons and glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS), leading to apoptosis. Consequent degeneration of skeletal and respiratory muscle cells can lead to death from respiratory failure. A significant number of MND cases present with cancers and liver and lung pathology. This Perspective explores the possibility that MNDs could be caused by intermittent, low-level dietary exposure to 1,2-dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (1,2-dehydroPAs) that are increasingly recognized as contaminants of many foods consumed throughout the world. Nontoxic, per se, 1,2-dehydroPAs are metabolized, by particular cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms, to 6,7-dihydropyrrolizines that react with nucleophilic groups (-NH, -SH, -OH) on DNA, proteins, and other vital biochemicals, such as glutathione. Many factors, including aging, gender, smoking, and alcohol consumption, influence CYP450 isoform activity in a range of tissues, including glial cells and neurons of the CNS. Activation of 1,2-dehydroPAs in CNS cells can be expected to cause gene mutations and oxidative stress, potentially leading to the development of MNDs and other NDDs. While relatively high dietary exposure to 1,2-dehydroPAs causes hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, pulmonary venoocclusive disease, neurotoxicity, and diverse cancers, this Perspective suggests that, at current intermittent, low levels of dietary exposure, neurotoxicity could become the primary pathology that develops over time in susceptible individuals, along with a tendency for some of them to also display liver and lung pathology and diverse cancers co-occurring with some MND/NDD cases. Targeted research is recommended to investigate this proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Edgar
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, New South Wales 2113, Australia
| | - Russell J Molyneux
- Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
| | - Steven M Colegate
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, ARS/USDA, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, United States
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23
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Klöckner C, Murray JPF, Tavasoli M, Sticht H, Stoltenburg-Didinger G, Scholle LM, Bakhtiari S, Kruer MC, Darvish H, Firouzabadi SG, Pagnozzi A, Shukla A, Girisha KM, Narayanan DL, Kaur P, Maroofian R, Zaki MS, Noureldeen MM, Merkenschlager A, Gburek-Augustat J, Cali E, Banu S, Nahar K, Efthymiou S, Houlden H, Jamra RA, Williams J, McMaster CR, Platzer K. Bi-allelic variants in CHKA cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy and microcephaly. Brain 2022; 145:1916-1923. [PMID: 35202461 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kennedy pathways catalyze the de novo synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, the most abundant components of eukaryotic cell membranes. In recent years, these pathways have moved into clinical focus since four out of ten genes involved have been associated with a range of autosomal recessive rare diseases such as a neurodevelopmental disorder with muscular dystrophy (CHKB), bone abnormalities and cone-rod dystrophy (PCYT1A), and spastic paraplegia (PCYT2, SELENOI). We identified six individuals from five families with bi-allelic variants in CHKA presenting with severe global developmental delay, epilepsy, movement disorders, and microcephaly. Using structural molecular modeling and functional testing of the variants in a in a cell-based S. cerevisiae model, we determined that these variants reduce the enzymatic activity of CHKA and confer a significant impairment of the first enzymatic step of the Kennedy pathway. In summary, we present CHKA as a novel autosomal recessive gene for a neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy and microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Klöckner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Mahtab Tavasoli
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3N 0A1, Canada
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Somayeh Bakhtiari
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Departments of Child Health, Neurology, Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Departments of Child Health, Neurology, Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Hossein Darvish
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Alex Pagnozzi
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Katta Mohan Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Dhanya Lakshmi Narayanan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Parneet Kaur
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Noureldeen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Andreas Merkenschlager
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janina Gburek-Augustat
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisa Cali
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Selina Banu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dr. M.R. Khan Shishu (Children) Hospital and ICH, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dr. M.R. Khan Shishu (Children) Hospital and ICH, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jason Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3N 0A1, Canada
| | | | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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24
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Marrone L, Marchi PM, Webster CP, Marroccella R, Coldicott I, Reynolds S, Alves-Cruzeiro J, Yang ZL, Higginbottom A, Khundadze M, Shaw PJ, Hübner CA, Livesey MR, Azzouz M. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2693-2710. [PMID: 35313342 PMCID: PMC9402239 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 15 (HSP15) is a neurodegenerative condition caused by the inability to produce SPG15 protein, which leads to lysosomal swelling. However, the link between lysosomal aberrations and neuronal death is poorly explored. To uncover the functional consequences of lysosomal aberrations in disease pathogenesis, we analyze human dermal fibroblasts from HSP15 patients as well as primary cortical neurons derived from an SPG15 knockout (KO) mouse model. We find that SPG15 protein loss induces defective anterograde transport, impaired neurite outgrowth, axonal swelling and reduced autophagic flux in association with the onset of lysosomal abnormalities. Additionally, we observe lipid accumulation within the lysosomal compartment, suggesting that distortions in cellular lipid homeostasis are intertwined with lysosomal alterations. We further demonstrate that SPG15 KO neurons exhibit synaptic dysfunction, accompanied by augmented vulnerability to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Overall, our study establishes an intimate link between lysosomal aberrations, lipid metabolism and electrophysiological impairments, suggesting that lysosomal defects are at the core of multiple neurodegenerative disease processes in HSP15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Marrone
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Paolo M Marchi
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher P Webster
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Raffaele Marroccella
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ian Coldicott
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Steven Reynolds
- Academic Unit of Radiology, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - João Alves-Cruzeiro
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Zih-Liang Yang
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Adrian Higginbottom
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mukhran Khundadze
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthew R Livesey
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mimoun Azzouz
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 1142222238; Fax: +44 (0)114 2222290; Email
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25
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Verdura E, Rodríguez-Palmero A, Vélez-Santamaria V, Planas-Serra L, de la Calle I, Raspall-Chaure M, Roubertie A, Benkirane M, Saettini F, Pavinato L, Mandrile G, O'Leary M, O'Heir E, Barredo E, Chacón A, Michaud V, Goizet C, Ruiz M, Schlüter A, Rouvet I, Sala-Coromina J, Fossati C, Iascone M, Canonico F, Marcé-Grau A, de Souza P, Adams DR, Casasnovas C, Rehm HL, Mefford HC, González Gutierrez-Solana L, Brusco A, Koenig M, Macaya A, Pujol A. Biallelic PI4KA variants cause a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. Brain 2021; 144:2659-2669. [PMID: 34415322 PMCID: PMC8557332 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are lipids that play a critical role in processes such as cellular signalling, ion channel activity and membrane trafficking. When mutated, several genes that encode proteins that participate in the metabolism of these lipids give rise to neurological or developmental phenotypes. PI4KA is a phosphoinositide kinase that is highly expressed in the brain and is essential for life. Here we used whole exome or genome sequencing to identify 10 unrelated patients harbouring biallelic variants in PI4KA that caused a spectrum of conditions ranging from severe global neurodevelopmental delay with hypomyelination and developmental brain abnormalities to pure spastic paraplegia. Some patients presented immunological deficits or genito-urinary abnormalities. Functional analyses by western blotting and immunofluorescence showed decreased PI4KA levels in the patients’ fibroblasts. Immunofluorescence and targeted lipidomics indicated that PI4KA activity was diminished in fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, we report a novel severe metabolic disorder caused by PI4KA malfunction, highlighting the importance of phosphoinositide signalling in human brain development and the myelin sheath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgard Verdura
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustí Rodríguez-Palmero
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Valentina Vélez-Santamaria
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Planas-Serra
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene de la Calle
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Raspall-Chaure
- Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Paediatric Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agathe Roubertie
- Département de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac Pôle Neurosciences Tête et Cou, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mehdi Benkirane
- Laboratoire de Génétique de Maladies Rares EA7402, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Francesco Saettini
- Paediatric Hematology Department, Fondazione MBBM, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Lisa Pavinato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mandrile
- Thalassemia Centre and Medical Genetics Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Melanie O'Leary
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emily O'Heir
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Estibaliz Barredo
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Chacón
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincent Michaud
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France.,INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Talence, Aquitaine, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Talence, Aquitaine, France.,Reference Center for Rare Neurogenetic Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Centre Bordeaux Pellegrin Hospital Group, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
| | - Montserrat Ruiz
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agatha Schlüter
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabelle Rouvet
- Cellular Biotechnology Department and Biobank, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julia Sala-Coromina
- Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Paediatric Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Paediatrics, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, USSD LGM, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Francesco Canonico
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Milan-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST di Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Marcé-Grau
- Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Precilla de Souza
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Adams
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Undiagnosed Diseases Program, The Common Fund, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos Casasnovas
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Luis González Gutierrez-Solana
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Michel Koenig
- Laboratoire de Génétique de Maladies Rares EA7402, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Alfons Macaya
- Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Paediatric Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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26
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Fernández-Beltrán LC, Godoy-Corchuelo JM, Losa-Fontangordo M, Williams D, Matias-Guiu J, Corrochano S. A Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis Shows Lipid Metabolism Dysregulation as an Early Pathological Mechanism in the Spinal Cord of SOD1 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179553. [PMID: 34502460 PMCID: PMC8431303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial and complex fatal degenerative disorder. A number of pathological mechanisms that lead to motor neuron death have been identified, although there are many unknowns in the disease aetiology of ALS. Alterations in lipid metabolism are well documented in the progression of ALS, both at the systemic level and in the spinal cord of mouse models and ALS patients. The origin of these lipid alterations remains unclear. This study aims to identify early lipid metabolic pathways altered before systemic metabolic symptoms in the spinal cord of mouse models of ALS. To do this, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of the spinal cord of SOD1G93A mice at an early disease stage, followed by a robust transcriptomic meta-analysis using publicly available RNA-seq data from the spinal cord of SOD1 mice at early and late symptomatic disease stages. The meta-analyses identified few lipid metabolic pathways dysregulated early that were exacerbated at symptomatic stages; mainly cholesterol biosynthesis, ceramide catabolism, and eicosanoid synthesis pathways. We present an insight into the pathological mechanisms in ALS, confirming that lipid metabolic alterations are transcriptionally dysregulated and are central to ALS aetiology, opening new options for the treatment of these devastating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis C. Fernández-Beltrán
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.F.-B.); (J.M.G.-C.); (M.L.-F.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Juan Miguel Godoy-Corchuelo
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.F.-B.); (J.M.G.-C.); (M.L.-F.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Maria Losa-Fontangordo
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.F.-B.); (J.M.G.-C.); (M.L.-F.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Debbie Williams
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK;
| | - Jorge Matias-Guiu
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.F.-B.); (J.M.G.-C.); (M.L.-F.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Silvia Corrochano
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.F.-B.); (J.M.G.-C.); (M.L.-F.); (J.M.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913303000
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27
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Kaiyrzhanov R, Wortmann S, Reid T, Dehghani M, Vahidi Mehrjardi MY, Alhaddad B, Wagner M, Deschauer M, Cordts I, Fernandez-Murray JP, Treffer V, Metanat Z, Pitman A, Houlden H, Meitinger T, Carroll C, McMaster CR, Maroofian R. Defective phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis leads to a broad ataxia-spasticity spectrum. Brain 2021; 144:e30. [PMID: 33454747 PMCID: PMC8041042 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rauan Kaiyrzhanov
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Saskia Wortmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,University Childrens Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Taryn Reid
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Mohammadreza Dehghani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Bader Alhaddad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Deschauer
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabell Cordts
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Veronika Treffer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zahra Metanat
- Provincial Clinical Genetic Counselling Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alan Pitman
- Genetics Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Carroll
- Genetics Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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28
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Melentev PA, Ryabova EV, Surina NV, Zhmujdina DR, Komissarov AE, Ivanova EA, Boltneva NP, Makhaeva GF, Sliusarenko MI, Yatsenko AS, Mohylyak II, Matiytsiv NP, Shcherbata HR, Sarantseva SV. Loss of swiss cheese in Neurons Contributes to Neurodegeneration with Mitochondria Abnormalities, Reactive Oxygen Species Acceleration and Accumulation of Lipid Droplets in Drosophila Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8275. [PMID: 34361042 PMCID: PMC8347196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Various neurodegenerative disorders are associated with human NTE/PNPLA6 dysfunction. Mechanisms of neuropathogenesis in these diseases are far from clearly elucidated. Hereditary spastic paraplegia belongs to a type of neurodegeneration associated with NTE/PNLPLA6 and is implicated in neuron death. In this study, we used Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the consequences of neuronal knockdown of swiss cheese (sws)-the evolutionarily conserved ortholog of human NTE/PNPLA6-in vivo. Adult flies with the knockdown show longevity decline, locomotor and memory deficits, severe neurodegeneration progression in the brain, reactive oxygen species level acceleration, mitochondria abnormalities and lipid droplet accumulation. Our results suggest that SWS/NTE/PNPLA6 dysfunction in neurons induces oxidative stress and lipid metabolism alterations, involving mitochondria dynamics and lipid droplet turnover in neurodegeneration pathogenesis. We propose that there is a complex mechanism in neurological diseases such as hereditary spastic paraplegia, which includes a stress reaction, engaging mitochondria, lipid droplets and endoplasmic reticulum interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A. Melentev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (P.A.M.); (E.V.R.); (N.V.S.); (D.R.Z.); (A.E.K.); (E.A.I.)
| | - Elena V. Ryabova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (P.A.M.); (E.V.R.); (N.V.S.); (D.R.Z.); (A.E.K.); (E.A.I.)
| | - Nina V. Surina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (P.A.M.); (E.V.R.); (N.V.S.); (D.R.Z.); (A.E.K.); (E.A.I.)
| | - Darya R. Zhmujdina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (P.A.M.); (E.V.R.); (N.V.S.); (D.R.Z.); (A.E.K.); (E.A.I.)
| | - Artem E. Komissarov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (P.A.M.); (E.V.R.); (N.V.S.); (D.R.Z.); (A.E.K.); (E.A.I.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Ivanova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (P.A.M.); (E.V.R.); (N.V.S.); (D.R.Z.); (A.E.K.); (E.A.I.)
| | - Natalia P. Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (N.P.B.); (G.F.M.)
| | - Galina F. Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (N.P.B.); (G.F.M.)
| | - Mariana I. Sliusarenko
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.I.S.); (A.S.Y.); (H.R.S.)
| | - Andriy S. Yatsenko
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.I.S.); (A.S.Y.); (H.R.S.)
| | - Iryna I. Mohylyak
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine; (I.I.M.); (N.P.M.)
| | - Nataliya P. Matiytsiv
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine; (I.I.M.); (N.P.M.)
| | - Halyna R. Shcherbata
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.I.S.); (A.S.Y.); (H.R.S.)
| | - Svetlana V. Sarantseva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (P.A.M.); (E.V.R.); (N.V.S.); (D.R.Z.); (A.E.K.); (E.A.I.)
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29
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Wei Q, Luo WJ, Yu H, Wang PS, Dong HL, Li HF, Wu ZY. A novel PCYT2 mutation identified in a Chinese consanguineous family with hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:751-754. [PMID: 34384721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wei
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Wen-Jiao Luo
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Pei-Shan Wang
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Hai-Lin Dong
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Hong-Fu Li
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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30
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Abnormal brain cholesterol homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease-a targeted metabolomic and transcriptomic study. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2021; 7:11. [PMID: 34075056 PMCID: PMC8169871 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-021-00064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of brain cholesterol metabolism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. Peripheral and brain cholesterol levels are largely independent due to the impermeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB), highlighting the importance of studying the role of brain cholesterol homeostasis in AD. We first tested whether metabolite markers of brain cholesterol biosynthesis and catabolism were altered in AD and associated with AD pathology using linear mixed-effects models in two brain autopsy samples from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) and the Religious Orders Study (ROS). We next tested whether genetic regulators of brain cholesterol biosynthesis and catabolism were altered in AD using the ANOVA test in publicly available brain tissue transcriptomic datasets. Finally, using regional brain transcriptomic data, we performed genome-scale metabolic network modeling to assess alterations in cholesterol biosynthesis and catabolism reactions in AD. We show that AD is associated with pervasive abnormalities in cholesterol biosynthesis and catabolism. Using transcriptomic data from Parkinson's disease (PD) brain tissue samples, we found that gene expression alterations identified in AD were not observed in PD, suggesting that these changes may be specific to AD. Our results suggest that reduced de novo cholesterol biosynthesis may occur in response to impaired enzymatic cholesterol catabolism and efflux to maintain brain cholesterol levels in AD. This is accompanied by the accumulation of nonenzymatically generated cytotoxic oxysterols. Our results set the stage for experimental studies to address whether abnormalities in cholesterol metabolism are plausible therapeutic targets in AD.
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31
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Morphological Heterogeneity of the Endoplasmic Reticulum within Neurons and Its Implications in Neurodegeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050970. [PMID: 33919188 PMCID: PMC8143122 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multipurpose organelle comprising dynamic structural subdomains, such as ER sheets and tubules, serving to maintain protein, calcium, and lipid homeostasis. In neurons, the single ER is compartmentalized with a careful segregation of the structural subdomains in somatic and neurite (axodendritic) regions. The distribution and arrangement of these ER subdomains varies between different neuronal types. Mutations in ER membrane shaping proteins and morphological changes in the ER are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases implying significance of ER morphology in maintaining neuronal integrity. Specific neurons, such as the highly arborized dopaminergic neurons, are prone to stress and neurodegeneration. Differences in morphology and functionality of ER between the neurons may account for their varied sensitivity to stress and neurodegenerative changes. In this review, we explore the neuronal ER and discuss its distinct morphological attributes and specific functions. We hypothesize that morphological heterogeneity of the ER in neurons is an important factor that accounts for their selective susceptibility to neurodegeneration.
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32
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De Winter J, Beijer D, De Ridder W, Synofzik M, Zuchner SL, Van Damme P, Spileers W, Baets J. PCYT2 mutations disrupting etherlipid biosynthesis: phenotypes converging on the CDP-ethanolamine pathway. Brain 2021; 144:e17. [PMID: 33230519 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan De Winter
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Danique Beijer
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAntwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Willem De Ridder
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAntwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan L Zuchner
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Philip Van Damme
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Werner Spileers
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Ophthalmology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAntwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
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Mackay-Sim A. Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia: From Genes, Cells and Networks to Novel Pathways for Drug Discovery. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11030403. [PMID: 33810178 PMCID: PMC8004882 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a diverse group of Mendelian genetic disorders affecting the upper motor neurons, specifically degeneration of their distal axons in the corticospinal tract. Currently, there are 80 genes or genomic loci (genomic regions for which the causative gene has not been identified) associated with HSP diagnosis. HSP is therefore genetically very heterogeneous. Finding treatments for the HSPs is a daunting task: a rare disease made rarer by so many causative genes and many potential mutations in those genes in individual patients. Personalized medicine through genetic correction may be possible, but impractical as a generalized treatment strategy. The ideal treatments would be small molecules that are effective for people with different causative mutations. This requires identification of disease-associated cell dysfunctions shared across genotypes despite the large number of HSP genes that suggest a wide diversity of molecular and cellular mechanisms. This review highlights the shared dysfunctional phenotypes in patient-derived cells from patients with different causative mutations and uses bioinformatic analyses of the HSP genes to identify novel cell functions as potential targets for future drug treatments for multiple genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Mackay-Sim
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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Saputra L, Kumar KR. Challenges and Controversies in the Genetic Diagnosis of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2021; 21:15. [PMID: 33646413 PMCID: PMC7921051 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-021-01099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of disorders characterised by progressive lower limb weakness and spasticity. We address the challenges and controversies involved in the genetic diagnosis of HSP. Recent Findings There is a large and rapidly expanding list of genes implicated in HSP, making it difficult to keep gene testing panels updated. There is also a high degree of phenotypic overlap between HSP and other disorders, leading to problems in choosing the right panel to analyse. We discuss genetic testing strategies for overcoming these diagnostic hurdles, including the use of targeted sequencing gene panels, whole-exome sequencing and whole-genome sequencing. Personalised treatments for HSP are on the horizon, and a genetic diagnosis may hold the key to access these treatments. Summary Developing strategies to overcome the challenges and controversies in HSP may hold the key to a rapid and accurate genetic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Saputra
- Northern Beaches Hospital, Frenchs Forest, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kishore Raj Kumar
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia. .,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,Institute of Precision Medicine & Bioinformatics, Sydney Local Health District, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
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Vélez-Santamaría V, Verdura E, Macmurdo C, Planas-Serra L, Schlüter A, Casas J, Martínez JJ, Casasnovas C, Si Y, Thompson SS, Maroofian R, Pujol A. Expanding the clinical and genetic spectrum of PCYT2-related disorders. Brain 2021; 143:e76. [PMID: 32889549 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vélez-Santamaría
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edgard Verdura
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Colleen Macmurdo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Laura Planas-Serra
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Agatha Schlüter
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- RUBAM, Department of Biological Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEREHD) ISCIII 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Martínez
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Carlos Casasnovas
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Yue Si
- GeneDx, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Reza Maroofian
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Gunay A, Shin HH, Gozutok O, Gautam M, Ozdinler PH. Importance of lipids for upper motor neuron health and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:92-104. [PMID: 33323321 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Building evidence reveals the importance of maintaining lipid homeostasis for the health and function of neurons, and upper motor neurons (UMNs) are no exception. UMNs are critically important for the initiation and modulation of voluntary movement as they are responsible for conveying cerebral cortex' input to spinal cord targets. To maintain their unique cytoarchitecture with a prominent apical dendrite and a very long axon, UMNs require a stable cell membrane, a lipid bilayer. Lipids can act as building blocks for many biomolecules, and they also contribute to the production of energy. Therefore, UMNs require sustained control over the production, utilization and homeostasis of lipids. Perturbations of lipid homeostasis lead to UMN vulnerability and progressive degeneration in diseases such as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). Here, we discuss the importance of lipids, especially for UMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksu Gunay
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Heather H Shin
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Oge Gozutok
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Mukesh Gautam
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - P Hande Ozdinler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611.
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Modifiers in Drosophila Reveal the Phospholipase D Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Genetics 2020; 215:747-766. [PMID: 32345615 PMCID: PMC7337071 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder lacking effective treatments. ALS pathology is linked to mutations in several different genes indicating... Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder lacking effective treatments. ALS pathology is linked to mutations in >20 different genes indicating a complex underlying genetic architecture that is effectively unknown. Here, in an attempt to identify genes and pathways for potential therapeutic intervention and explore the genetic circuitry underlying Drosophila models of ALS, we carry out two independent genome-wide screens for modifiers of degenerative phenotypes associated with the expression of transgenic constructs carrying familial ALS-causing alleles of FUS (hFUSR521C) and TDP-43 (hTDP-43M337V). We uncover a complex array of genes affecting either or both of the two strains, and investigate their activities in additional ALS models. Our studies indicate the pathway that governs phospholipase D activity as a major modifier of ALS-related phenotypes, a notion supported by data we generated in mice and others collected in humans.
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