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Scassellati C, Bonvicini C, Ciani M, Zanardini R, Tomasoni E, Saletti V, Passeggia I, Almici M, Pagnoni I, Galoforo AC, Costa M, D’Onofrio M, Cattaneo A, Geroldi C. Cognitive, Neuropsychological and Biological Effects of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy on Frailty: A Study Protocol for a 5-Week, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Pers Med 2024; 14:795. [PMID: 39201987 PMCID: PMC11355685 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14080795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive frailty (CF) is a heterogeneous syndrome that is becoming one of the most serious health problems as the world's population age is increasing. Elucidating its biological mechanisms as well as prevention and treatments is becoming increasingly significant, particularly in view of the associated health costs. We presented the study protocol of a research project funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (grant number RF-2016-02363298) aiming to investigate the cognitive and neuropsychological effects of a 5-week treatment with therapy based on the regenerative properties of ozone (O3) in a cohort of subjects stratified according to CF scores. We also studied the potential effects of O3 on blood-based biomarkers indicative of specific biological systems that may be altered in CF. Seventy-five older persons were recruited and randomly assigned to receive the active treatment (150 cc of oxygen-O2-O3 mixture at the concentration of 30 µg of O3 per cc of O2), O2, or the placebo (air) for 5 weeks. The main endpoints were the change in the scores of clinical scales from baseline (T0) to weeks 3 (T3), 9 (T9), and 15 (T15) after treatment and the change in biomarker levels resulting from transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomic patterns at the same times. The positive results from this study could have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Scassellati
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Cristian Bonvicini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Miriam Ciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Roberta Zanardini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Evita Tomasoni
- Laboratory Alzheimer’s Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (E.T.); (V.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Valentina Saletti
- Laboratory Alzheimer’s Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (E.T.); (V.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Ilaria Passeggia
- Laboratory Alzheimer’s Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (E.T.); (V.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Monica Almici
- Clinical Trial Service, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Pagnoni
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | | | - Mario Costa
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Laboratory of Biology “Bio@SNS”, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Mara D’Onofrio
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi-Montalcini, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Laboratory of Biology “Bio@SNS”, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi-Montalcini, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristina Geroldi
- Alzheimer’s Unit, Memory Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
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Leibold NS, Despa F. Neuroinflammation induced by amyloid-forming pancreatic amylin: Rationale for a mechanistic hypothesis. Biophys Chem 2024; 310:107252. [PMID: 38663120 PMCID: PMC11111340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Amylin is a systemic neuroendocrine hormone co-expressed and co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic β-cells. In persons with thype-2 diabetes, amylin forms pancreatic amyloid triggering inflammasome and interleukin-1β signaling and inducing β-cell apoptosis. Here, we summarize recent progress in understanding the potential link between amyloid-forming pancreatic amylin and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical data describing amylin pathology in AD alongside mechanistic studies in animals are reviewed. Data from multiple research teams indicate higher amylin concentrations are associated with increased frequency of cognitive impairment and amylin co-aggregates with β-amyloid in AD-type dementia. Evidence from rodent models further suggests cerebrovascular amylin accumulation as a causative factor underlying neurological deficits. Analysis of relevant literature suggests that modulating the amylin-interleukin-1β pathway may provide an approach for counteracting neuroinflammation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah S Leibold
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Leibold N, Bain JR, Despa F. Type-2 Diabetes, Pancreatic Amylin, and Neuronal Metabolic Remodeling in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2200405. [PMID: 36708219 PMCID: PMC10374875 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes raises the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-type dementia and the conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, yet mechanisms connecting type-2 diabetes to AD remain largely unknown. Amylin, a pancreatic β-cell hormone co-secreted with insulin, participates in the central regulation of satiation, but also forms pancreatic amyloid in persons with type-2 diabetes and synergistically interacts with brain amyloid β (Aβ) pathology, in both sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). Growing evidence from studies of tumor growth, together with early observations in skeletal muscle, indicates amylin as a potential trigger of cellular metabolic reprogramming. Because the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain parenchyma in humans with AD have increased concentrations of amylin, amylin-mediated pathological processes in the brain may involve neuronal metabolic remodeling. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the link between prediabetic hypersecretion of amylin and risk of neuronal metabolic remodeling and AD and suggests nutritional and medical effects of food constituents that might prevent and/or ameliorate amylin-mediated neuronal metabolic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Leibold
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- The Research Center for Healthy Metabolism, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - James R. Bain
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- The Research Center for Healthy Metabolism, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Royall DR, Palmer RF. INFLAMMATION's cognitive impact revealed by a novel "Line of Identity" approach. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295386. [PMID: 38517924 PMCID: PMC10959355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Dementia is an "overdetermined" syndrome. Few individuals are demented by any single biomarker, while several may independently explain small fractions of dementia severity. It may be advantageous to identify individuals afflicted by a specific biomarker to guide individualized treatment. OBJECTIVE We aim to validate a psychometric classifier to identify persons adversely impacted by inflammation and replicate it in a second cohort. DESIGN Secondary analyses of data collected by the Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium (TARCC) (N = 3497) and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (N = 1737). SETTING Two large, well-characterized multi-center convenience samples. PARTICIPANTS Volunteers with normal cognition (NC), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or clinical "Alzheimer's Disease (AD)". EXPOSURE Participants were assigned to "Afflicted" or "Resilient" classes on the basis of a psychometric classifier derived by confirmatory factor analysis. MAIN OUTCOME(S) AND MEASURE(S) The groups were contrasted on multiple assessments and biomarkers. The groups were also contrasted regarding 4-year prospective conversions to "AD" from non-demented baseline diagnoses (controls and MCI). The Afflicted groups were predicted to have adverse levels of inflammation-related blood-based biomarkers, greater dementia severity and greater risk of prospective conversion. RESULTS In ADNI /plasma, 47.1% of subjects were assigned to the Afflicted class. 44.6% of TARCC's subjects were afflicted, 49.5% of non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) and 37.2% of Mexican Americans (MA). There was greater dementia severity in the Afflicted class [by ANOVA: ADNI /F(1) = 686.99, p <0.001; TARCC /F(1) = 1544.01, p <0.001]. "INFLAMMATION" factor composite scores were significantly higher (adverse) in Afflicted subjects [by ANOVA in ADNI /plasma F(1) = 1642.64, p <0.001 and in TARCC /serum F(1) = 3059.96, p <0.001]. Afflicted cases were more likely to convert to AD in the next four years [by Cox's F, ADNI /plasma: F (252, 268) = 3.74 p < 0.001; TARCC /serum: F (160, 134) = 3.03, p < 0.001 (in TARCC's entire sample), F (110, 90) = 4.92, p <0.001 in NHW, and F(50, 44) = 2.13, p = 0.006 in MA]. The proportions converting were similar among afflicted NHW in both cohorts /biofluids but MA exhibited a lower risk (7% in TARCC /serum at 48 months). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our inflammation-specific psychometric classifier selects individuals with pre-specified biomarker profiles and predicts conversion to "AD" across cohorts, biofluids, and ethnicities. This algorithm might be applied to any dementia-related biomarker making the psychometric estimation of individual biomarker effects feasible without biomarker assessment. Our approach also distinguishes individuals resilient to individual biomarker effects allowing for more accurate prediction and precision intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R. Royall
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Disease, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Raymond F. Palmer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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Despa F. Bloodborne Pancreatic Amylin, A Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 19:CAR-EPUB-129561. [PMID: 36803745 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230217091540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer Disease (AD) pathology has been linked to brain accumulation of β amyloid (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tau tangles. An intriguing question is whether targeting therapeutically factors independent of Aβ and tau pathologies could delay or even stop neurodegeneration. Amylin, a pancreatic hormone co-secreted with insulin, is believed to play a role in the central regulation of satiation and was shown to form pancreatic amyloid in persons with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that amyloid-forming amylin secreted from the pancreas synergistically aggregates with vascular and parenchymal Aβ in the brain, in both sporadic and early-onset familial AD. Pancreatic expression of amyloid-forming human amylin in AD-model rats accelerates AD-like pathology, whereas genetically suppressed amylin secretion protects against AD effects. Thus, current data suggest a role of pancreatic amyloid-forming amylin in modifying AD; further research is required to test whether lowering circulating amylin levels early during AD pathogenesis may curb cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Despa
- University of Kentucky Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Lexington United States
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Royall DR, Palmer RF. Multiple Adipokines Predict Dementia Severity as Measured by δ: Replication Across Biofluids and Cohorts. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:639-652. [PMID: 36776066 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have explored dementia's blood-based protein biomarkers in the Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium (TARCC) study. Among them are adipokines, i.e., proteins secreted by adipose tissue some of which have been associated with cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE To associate adipokines with dementia severity and replicate their association across cohorts and biofluids (serum /plasma). METHODS We used eight rationally chosen blood-based protein biomarkers as indicators of a latent variable, i.e., "Adipokines". We then associated that construct with dementia severity as measured by the latent dementia-specific phenotype "δ" in structural equation models (SEM). Significant factor loadings and Adipokines' association with δ were replicated across biofluids in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). RESULTS Eight adipokine proteins loaded significantly on the Adipokines construct. Adipokines measured in plasma (ADNI) or serum (TARCC) explained 24 and 70% of δ's variance, respectively. An Adipokine composite score, derived from the latent variables, rose significantly across clinical diagnoses and achieved high areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC/AUC) for discrimination of Alzheimer's disease from normal controls (NC) or cases of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and between NC and MCI. CONCLUSION These results again suggest that SEM can be used to create latent biomarker classifiers that replicate across samples and biofluids, and that a substantial fraction of dementia's variance is attributable to peripheral blood-based protein levels via the patterns codified in those latent constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Royall
- Department of Psychiatry, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Disease, the University of Texas Health ScienceCenter, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Raymond F Palmer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Muniz Terrera G. Brain sciences and the R words. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcac283. [PMID: 36687393 PMCID: PMC9847522 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Our Associate Editor, Graciela Muniz Terrera, discusses the importance of reproducibility in neuroscience and our special collection of papers on the topic.
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Verma N, Velmurugan GV, Winford E, Coburn H, Kotiya D, Leibold N, Radulescu L, Despa S, Chen KC, Van Eldik LJ, Nelson PT, Wilcock DM, Jicha GA, Stowe AM, Goldstein LB, Powel DK, Walton JH, Navedo MF, Nystoriak MA, Murray AJ, Biessels GJ, Troakes C, Zetterberg H, Hardy J, Lashley T, Despa F. Aβ efflux impairment and inflammation linked to cerebrovascular accumulation of amyloid-forming amylin secreted from pancreas. Commun Biol 2023; 6:2. [PMID: 36596993 PMCID: PMC9810597 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment of vascular pathways of cerebral β-amyloid (Aβ) elimination contributes to Alzheimer disease (AD). Vascular damage is commonly associated with diabetes. Here we show in human tissues and AD-model rats that bloodborne islet amyloid polypeptide (amylin) secreted from the pancreas perturbs cerebral Aβ clearance. Blood amylin concentrations are higher in AD than in cognitively unaffected persons. Amyloid-forming amylin accumulates in circulating monocytes and co-deposits with Aβ within the brain microvasculature, possibly involving inflammation. In rats, pancreatic expression of amyloid-forming human amylin indeed induces cerebrovascular inflammation and amylin-Aβ co-deposits. LRP1-mediated Aβ transport across the blood-brain barrier and Aβ clearance through interstitial fluid drainage along vascular walls are impaired, as indicated by Aβ deposition in perivascular spaces. At the molecular level, cerebrovascular amylin deposits alter immune and hypoxia-related brain gene expression. These converging data from humans and laboratory animals suggest that altering bloodborne amylin could potentially reduce cerebrovascular amylin deposits and Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- The Research Center for Healthy Metabolism, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Edric Winford
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Han Coburn
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Deepak Kotiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- The Research Center for Healthy Metabolism, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Noah Leibold
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- The Research Center for Healthy Metabolism, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Laura Radulescu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- The Research Center for Healthy Metabolism, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sanda Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- The Research Center for Healthy Metabolism, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kuey C Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- UKHC Genomics Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - David K Powel
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Troakes
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- The Research Center for Healthy Metabolism, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Khalifa J, Bourgault S, Gaudreault R. Interactions of Polyphenolic Gallotannins with Amyloidogenic Polypeptides Associated with Alzheimer's Disease: From Molecular Insights to Physiological Significance. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:603-617. [PMID: 38270140 DOI: 10.2174/0115672050277001231213073043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural compounds abundantly found in plants. They are known for their numerous benefits to human health, including antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory activities. Interestingly, many studies have revealed that polyphenols can also modulate the formation of amyloid fibrils associated with disease states and can prevent the formation of cytotoxic oligomer species. In this review, we underline the numerous effects of four hydrolysable gallotannins (HGTs) with high conformational flexibility, low toxicity, and multi-targeticity, e.g., tannic acid, pentagalloyl glucose, corilagin, and 1,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, on the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins associated with the Alzheimer's Disease (AD). These HGTs have demonstrated interesting abilities to reduce, at different levels, the formation of amyloid fibrils involved in AD, including those assembled from the amyloid β-peptide, the tubulin-associated unit, and the islet amyloid polypeptide. HGTs were also shown to disassemble pre-formed fibrils and to diminish cognitive decline in mice. Finally, this manuscript highlights the importance of further investigating these naturally occurring HGTs as promising scaffolds to design molecules that can interfere with the formation of proteotoxic oligomers and aggregates associated with AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Khalifa
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, 2101 Rue Jeanne-Mance, Montréal, QC, H2X 2J6, Canada
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM), 3420 University Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Steve Bourgault
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, 2101 Rue Jeanne-Mance, Montréal, QC, H2X 2J6, Canada
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO, Canada
| | - Roger Gaudreault
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, 2101 Rue Jeanne-Mance, Montréal, QC, H2X 2J6, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM), 3420 University Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 3Y7, Canada
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Spires-Jones TL. How do we prevent scientific fraud? Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac217. [PMID: 36072645 PMCID: PMC9445174 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our editor discusses scientific fraud and ways we can discourage it.
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Li X, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Cheng Q, Gao Y, Gao M. Exercise interventions for older people with cognitive frailty-a scoping review. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:721. [PMID: 36045320 PMCID: PMC9434944 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the global population ages, the issue of frailty in older people is gaining international attention. As one of the major subtypes of frailty, cognitive frailty is a heterogeneous clinical manifestation characterised by the co-existence of physical decline and cognitive impairment. The occurrence of cognitive frailty increases the risk of adverse health outcomes in older people, affecting their daily functioning and quality of life. However, cognitive frailty is a reversible state, and many interventions have been explored, with exercise interventions playing an important role in the non-pharmacological management of cognitive frailty. This study describes and summarises current exercise interventions for older people with cognitive frailty (including parameters such as mode, frequency and duration of exercise) and identifies the limitations of existing studies to inform future exercise interventions for older people with cognitive frailty. Methods Using a scoping review approach, Chinese and English literature published in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China Knowledge Network, Wanfang Database, China Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed) and Vipshop from April 2013, when the definition of cognitive frailty first appeared, to August 2021 was searched to select studies related to exercise interventions for this group, extract information from the included literature, and summarise and report the findings. Results Nine RCT trial studies and one quasi-experiment study were included, for a total of 10 articles. The exercise modalities involved walking, brisk walking, Otago exercise, resistance exercise, balance training, flexibility training and Baduanjin, etc.; the intensity of exercise was based on individualised guidance and graded exercise intensity; the frequency of exercise was mostly 3–4 times/week; the duration of exercise was mostly 30–60 min/time; compared to the control group, the included studies showed statistically significant improvements in cognitive function, frailty status, and depression with the exercise intervention. Conclusion There is a paucity of evidence on exercise interventions for older people with cognitive frailty. The evidence provided in this study suggests that exercise interventions may be beneficial for older people with cognitive frailty. However, the existing studies suffer from small sample sizes, short intervention periods, inadequate monitoring of the entire exercise process, and non-uniformity in the assessment of exercise effects. More randomized controlled trials should be conducted in the future to explore the most effective, low-cost and simple interventions to meet the needs of the older people with cognitive frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.
| | - Yutong Tian
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Qingyun Cheng
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Mengke Gao
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
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Facal D, Burgo C, Spuch C, Gaspar P, Campos-Magdaleno M. Cognitive Frailty: An Update. Front Psychol 2022; 12:813398. [PMID: 34975703 PMCID: PMC8717771 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.813398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article provides an update of the empirical research on cognitive fragility conducted in the last four years. The studies retrieved were classified in four different categories. The first category includes articles relating cognitive frailty to cognitive reserve and which continue to highlight the importance of educational level. The second category includes recent research on cognitive fragility biomarkers, involving neuroimaging, metabolism and, in a novel way, microbiota. The third category includes research on how cognitive frailty is related to motor development and physical functioning, exploring e.g. the use of technology to study motor markers of cognitive frailty. Finally, in the fourth category, research clarifying the difference between reversible frailty and potentially reversible cognitive frailty has led to new interventions aimed at reducing cognitive frailty and preventing negative health outcomes. Interventions based on physical activity and multicomponent interventions are particularly emphasized. In addition, recent research explores the long-term effects of dual interventions in older adults living in nursing homes. In summary, research on cognitive frailty has increased in recent years, and applied aspects have gained importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Facal
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Clara Burgo
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - María Campos-Magdaleno
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Ly H, Verma N, Sharma S, Kotiya D, Despa S, Abner EL, Nelson PT, Jicha GA, Wilcock DM, Goldstein LB, Guerreiro R, Brás J, Hanson AJ, Craft S, Murray AJ, Biessels GJ, Troakes C, Zetterberg H, Hardy J, Lashley T, AESG, Despa F. The association of circulating amylin with β-amyloid in familial Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12130. [PMID: 33521236 PMCID: PMC7816817 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study assessed the hypothesis that circulating human amylin (amyloid-forming) cross-seeds with amyloid beta (Aβ) in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Evidence of amylin-AD pathology interaction was tested in brains of 31 familial AD mutation carriers and 20 cognitively unaffected individuals, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (98 diseased and 117 control samples) and in genetic databases. For functional testing, we genetically manipulated amylin secretion in APP/PS1 and non-APP/PS1 rats. RESULTS Amylin-Aβ cross-seeding was identified in AD brains. High CSF amylin levels were associated with decreased CSF Aβ42 concentrations. AD risk and amylin gene are not correlated. Suppressed amylin secretion protected APP/PS1 rats against AD-associated effects. In contrast, hypersecretion or intravenous injection of human amylin in APP/PS1 rats exacerbated AD-like pathology through disruption of CSF-brain Aβ exchange and amylin-Aβ cross-seeding. DISCUSSION These findings strengthened the hypothesis of circulating amylin-AD interaction and suggest that modulation of blood amylin levels may alter Aβ-related pathology/symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ly
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA,The Research Center for Healthy MetabolismUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Nirmal Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA,The Research Center for Healthy MetabolismUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Savita Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Deepak Kotiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA,The Research Center for Healthy MetabolismUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Sanda Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA,The Research Center for Healthy MetabolismUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Erin L. Abner
- Department of EpidemiologyCollege of Public HealthUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA,Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Peter T. Nelson
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Gregory A. Jicha
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA,Department of NeurologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Donna M. Wilcock
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA,Department of PhysiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | | | - Rita Guerreiro
- Center for Neurodegenerative ScienceVan Andel Research InstituteGrand RapidsMichiganUSA
| | - José Brás
- Center for Neurodegenerative ScienceVan Andel Research InstituteGrand RapidsMichiganUSA
| | - Angela J. Hanson
- Memory & Brain Wellness CenterUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Andrew J. Murray
- Department of PhysiologyDevelopment and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Claire Troakes
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience DepartmentKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden,Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden,Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyQueen Square, LondonUK,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyQueen Square, LondonUK,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK,Reta Lila Weston InstituteUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK,UCL Movement Disorders CentreUniversity College LondonLondonUK,Institute for Advanced StudyThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong SARChina
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyQueen Square, LondonUK,Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological DisordersDepartment of Clinical and Movement NeuroscienceUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - AESG
- Alzheimer's disease Exome Sequencing Group: Guerreiro R, Brás J, Sassi C, Gibbs JR, Hernandez D, Lupton MK, Brown K, Morgan K, Powell J, Singleton A, Hardy J.
| | - Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA,The Research Center for Healthy MetabolismUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA,Department of NeurologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
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