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Rahman ML, Shu XO, Jones DP, Hu W, Ji BT, Blechter B, Wong JYY, Cai Q, Yang G, Gao YT, Zheng W, Rothman N, Walker D, Lan Q. A nested case-control study of untargeted plasma metabolomics and lung cancer among never-smoking women within the prospective Shanghai Women's Health Study. Int J Cancer 2024; 155:508-518. [PMID: 38651675 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The etiology of lung cancer in never-smokers remains elusive, despite 15% of lung cancer cases in men and 53% in women worldwide being unrelated to smoking. Here, we aimed to enhance our understanding of lung cancer pathogenesis among never-smokers using untargeted metabolomics. This nested case-control study included 395 never-smoking women who developed lung cancer and 395 matched never-smoking cancer-free women from the prospective Shanghai Women's Health Study with 15,353 metabolic features quantified in pre-diagnostic plasma using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Recognizing that metabolites often correlate and seldom act independently in biological processes, we utilized a weighted correlation network analysis to agnostically construct 28 network modules of correlated metabolites. Using conditional logistic regression models, we assessed the associations for both metabolic network modules and individual metabolic features with lung cancer, accounting for multiple testing using a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.20. We identified a network module of 121 features inversely associated with all lung cancer (p = .001, FDR = 0.028) and lung adenocarcinoma (p = .002, FDR = 0.056), where lyso-glycerophospholipids played a key role driving these associations. Another module of 440 features was inversely associated with lung adenocarcinoma (p = .014, FDR = 0.196). Individual metabolites within these network modules were enriched in biological pathways linked to oxidative stress, and energy metabolism. These pathways have been implicated in previous metabolomics studies involving populations exposed to known lung cancer risk factors such as traffic-related air pollution and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Our results suggest that untargeted plasma metabolomics could provide novel insights into the etiology and risk factors of lung cancer among never-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad L Rahman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Batel Blechter
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason Y Y Wong
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas Walker
- Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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2
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Wang J, Han L, Liu Z, Zhang W, Zhang L, Jing J, Gao A. Targeting IGF2BP1 alleviated benzene hematotoxicity by reprogramming BCAA metabolism and fatty acid oxidation. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111107. [PMID: 38866309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Benzene is the main environmental pollutant and risk factor of childhood leukemia and chronic benzene poisoning. Benzene exposure leads to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) dysfunction and abnormal blood cell counts. However, the key regulatory targets and mechanisms of benzene hematotoxicity are unclear. In this study, we constructed a benzene-induced hematopoietic damage mouse model to explore the underlying mechanisms. We identified that Insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) was significantly reduced in benzene-exposed mice. Moreover, targeting IGF2BP1 effectively mitigated damages to hematopoietic function and hematopoietic molecule expression caused by benzene in mice. On the mechanics, by metabolomics and transcriptomics, we discovered that branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism and fatty acid oxidation were key metabolic pathways, and Branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) and Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1A) were critical metabolic enzymes involved in IGF2BP1-mediated hematopoietic injury process. The expression of the above molecules in the benzene exposure population was also examined and consistent with animal experiments. In conclusion, targeting IGF2BP1 alleviated hematopoietic injury caused by benzene exposure, possibly due to the reprogramming of BCAA metabolism and fatty acid oxidation via BCAT1 and CPT1A metabolic enzymes. IGF2BP1 is a potential regulatory and therapeutic target for benzene hematotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Jiaru Jing
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
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3
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Zhang Z, Shi W, Ru L, Lv W. Biomarkers of occupational benzene exposure: A Systematic Review to estimate the exposure levels and individual susceptibility at low doses. Toxicol Ind Health 2024:7482337241259053. [PMID: 38864232 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241259053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Benzene is associated with diverse occupational and public health hazards. It exhibits an ability to rapidly permeate the skin and contaminate water and food sources, leading to dermal and ingestion exposures. Despite numerous studies examining the associations between benzene and various indicators of harm, the findings have yielded inconsistent results. Furthermore, relying solely on air concentration as a measure of benzene exposure is limited, as it fails to account for internal exposure dose and individual susceptibility. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive review in order to present current knowledge on benzene biomarkers and their significance in evaluating exposure levels and associated health hazards. The search methodology adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and involved the application of specific inclusion and exclusion criteria across multiple databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Two researchers independently extracted and evaluated the relevant data based on predetermined criteria. Following the screening process, a total of 80 articles were considered eligible out of the initially retrieved 1053 articles after undergoing screening and assessment for inclusion. As the level of exposure decreased, specific biomarkers demonstrated a gradual increase in limitations, including heightened background concentrations and vulnerability to confounding factors. The advancement of sampling and analysis techniques will yield new biomarkers. Additionally, when conducting practical work, it is crucial to employ a comprehensive utilization of diverse biomarkers while excluding individual metabolic variations and combined exposure factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lihua Ru
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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4
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Hendriks G, Adriaens E, Allemang A, Clements J, Cole G, Derr R, Engel M, Hamel A, Kidd D, Kellum S, Kiyota T, Myhre A, Naëssens V, Pfuhler S, Roy M, Settivari R, Schuler M, Zeller A, van Benthem J, Vanparys P, Kirkland D. Interlaboratory validation of the ToxTracker assay: An in vitro reporter assay for mechanistic genotoxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2024; 65:4-24. [PMID: 38545858 DOI: 10.1002/em.22592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
ToxTracker is a mammalian cell reporter assay that predicts the genotoxic properties of compounds with high accuracy. By evaluating induction of various reporter genes that play a key role in relevant cellular pathways, it provides insight into chemical mode-of-action (MoA), thereby supporting discrimination of direct-acting genotoxicants and cytotoxic chemicals. A comprehensive interlaboratory validation trial was conducted, in which the principles outlined in OECD Guidance Document 34 were followed, with the primary objectives of establishing transferability and reproducibility of the assay and confirming the ability of ToxTracker to correctly classify genotoxic and non-genotoxic compounds. Reproducibility of the assay to predict genotoxic MoA was confirmed across participating laboratories and data were evaluated in terms of concordance with in vivo genotoxicity outcomes. Seven laboratories tested a total of 64 genotoxic and non-genotoxic chemicals that together cover a broad chemical space. The within-laboratory reproducibility (WLR) was up to 98% (73%-98% across participants) and the overall between-laboratory reproducibility (BLR) was 83%. This trial confirmed the accuracy of ToxTracker to predict in vivo genotoxicants with a sensitivity of 84.4% and a specificity of 91.2%. We concluded that ToxTracker is a robust in vitro assay for the accurate prediction of in vivo genotoxicity. Considering ToxTracker's robust standalone accuracy and that it can provide important information on the MoA of chemicals, it is seen as a valuable addition to the regulatory in vitro genotoxicity battery that may even have the potential to replace certain currently used in vitro battery assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan van Benthem
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, The Netherlands
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5
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Yan M, Zhu H, Luo H, Zhang T, Sun H, Kannan K. Daily Exposure to Environmental Volatile Organic Compounds Triggers Oxidative Damage: Evidence from a Large-Scale Survey in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20501-20509. [PMID: 38033144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and have been implicated in adverse health outcomes. In this study, concentrations of 11 VOC metabolites (mVOCs) and three oxidative stress biomarkers (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-guanosine, and dityrosine) were determined in 205 urine samples collected from 12 cities across mainland China. Urinary ∑11mVOC concentrations ranged from 498 to 1660 ng/mL, with a geometric mean (GM) value of 1070 ng/mL. The factorial analysis revealed that cooking, solvents, and vehicle emissions were the three primary sources of VOC exposure. A significant regional variation was clearly found in ∑11mVOC concentrations across four regions in China, with high urine VOC concentrations found in North and South China (GM: 1450 and 1340 ng/mL). The multiple linear regression model revealed that most mVOCs were significantly positively correlated with three oxidative stress markers (β range: 0.06-0.22). Mixture effect regression showed that isoprene, crotonaldehyde, acrolein, and benzene were the strongest contributors to oxidative stress. Approximately 80% of the participants have HQ values greater than 1.0 for 1,3-butadiene and benzene, suggesting that their exposure doses were close to potential adverse health effects. Our findings provide comprehensive information on human exposure and potential health risks of VOCs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Haining Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12237, United States
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6
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Chiou JT, Lee YC, Chang LS. Hydroquinone-selected chronic myelogenous leukemia cells are sensitive to chloroquine-induced cytotoxicity via MCL1 suppression and glycolysis inhibition. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115934. [PMID: 37989415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have provided evidence that repeated exposure to the benzene metabolite hydroquinone (HQ) induces malignant transformation and increases basal autophagy in the chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell line K562. This study explored the cytotoxicity of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) on parental and HQ-selected K562 (K562/HQ) cells. CQ triggered apoptosis in these cells independently of inhibiting autophagic flux; however, in K562/HQ cells, CQ-induced cytotoxicity was higher than in K562 cells. Mechanistically, CQ-induced NOXA upregulation led to MCL1 downregulation and mitochondrial depolarization in K562/HQ cells. MCL1 overexpression or NOXA silencing attenuated CQ-mediated cytotoxicity in K562/HQ cells. CQ triggered ERK inactivation to increase Sp1, NFκB, and p300 expression, and co-assembly of Sp1, NFκB, and p300 in the miR-29a promoter region coordinately upregulated miR-29a transcription. CQ-induced miR-29a expression destabilized tristetraprolin (TTP) mRNA, which in turn reduced TTP-mediated NOXA mRNA decay, thereby increasing NOXA protein expression. A similar mechanism explained the CQ-induced downregulation of MCL1 in K562 cells. K562/HQ cells relied more on glycolysis for ATP production than K562 cells, whereas inhibition of glycolysis by CQ was greater in K562/HQ cells than in K562 cells. Likewise, CQ-induced MCL1 suppression and glycolysis inhibition resulted in higher cytotoxicity in CML KU812/HQ cells than in KU812 cells. Taken together, our data confirm that CQ inhibits MCL1 expression through the ERK/miR-29a/TTP/NOXA pathway, and that inhibition of glycolysis is positively correlated to higher cytotoxicity of CQ on HQ-selected CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ting Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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7
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Han L, Wang J, Zhang L, Jing J, Zhang W, Liu Z, Gao A. The role of N 6-methyladenosine modification in benzene-induced testicular damage and the protective effect of melatonin. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:138035. [PMID: 36736484 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is a universal ambient pollutant. Population-based studies have shown that benzene exposure affects male fertility. However, the mechanism of benzene-induced reproductive toxicity is unknown. Here, we established a dynamic inhalation model and exposed C57BL/6J mice to 0, 10, and 50 ppm benzene (6 h/day, 6 days/week, 7 weeks). Our study revealed that benzene exposure caused testicular injury, including structural damage to spermatogenic tubules, reduced semen quality, and decreased testosterone levels. In addition, the decrease in the global level of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) and the change of m6A important regulatory enzymes in mice testes suggested that m6A was involved in the benzene-induced testicular injury. Further genome-wide m6A methylation analysis showed that 1469 differential m6A peaks were present in the testes of control and benzene groups, indicating that benzene exposure modulated m6A methylation in testes. Furthermore, the comprehensive analysis of m6A-sequencing and transcriptome revealed that hypermethylated Rara and its consequent reduced expression impaired the sperm production process. In particular, melatonin alleviated benzene-induced testicular injury by modulating m6A-related genes. Overall, our research provides a new idea and fundamental knowledge into the possible mechanisms of m6A modifications in benzene-induced testicular impairment, as well as a new experimental basis for benzene-induced male fertility therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Jiaru Jing
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
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8
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RE-NiO (RE=Ce, Y, La) composite oxides coupled plasma catalysis for benzene oxidation and by-product ozone removal. J RARE EARTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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9
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Plasma-coupled catalysis in VOCs removal and CO2 conversion: Efficiency enhancement and synergistic mechanism. CATAL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2022.106535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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10
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Environmental Chemical Exposures and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: a Review of Recent Literature. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:631-649. [PMID: 35902457 PMCID: PMC9729331 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondria play various roles that are important for cell function and survival; therefore, significant mitochondrial dysfunction may have chronic consequences that extend beyond the cell. Mitochondria are already susceptible to damage, which may be exacerbated by environmental exposures. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the recent literature (2012-2022) looking at the effects of six ubiquitous classes of compounds on mitochondrial dysfunction in human populations. RECENT FINDINGS The literature suggests that there are a number of biomarkers that are commonly used to identify mitochondrial dysfunction, each with certain advantages and limitations. Classes of environmental toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, air pollutants, heavy metals, endocrine-disrupting compounds, pesticides, and nanomaterials can damage the mitochondria in varied ways, with changes in mtDNA copy number and measures of oxidative damage the most commonly measured in human populations. Other significant biomarkers include changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, calcium levels, and ATP levels. This review identifies the biomarkers that are commonly used to characterize mitochondrial dysfunction but suggests that emerging mitochondrial biomarkers, such as cell-free mitochondria and blood cardiolipin levels, may provide greater insight into the impacts of exposures on mitochondrial function. This review identifies that the mtDNA copy number and measures of oxidative damage are commonly used to characterize mitochondrial dysfunction, but suggests using novel approaches in addition to well-characterized ones to create standardized protocols. We identified a dearth of studies on mitochondrial dysfunction in human populations exposed to metals, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, pesticides, and nanoparticles as a gap in knowledge that needs attention.
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Morphology-modulated rambutan-like hollow NiO catalyst for plasma-coupled benzene removal: enriched O species and synergistic effects. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Mendes MPR, Paiva MJN, Costa-Amaral IC, Carvalho LVB, Figueiredo VO, Gonçalves ES, Larentis AL, André LC. Metabolomic Study of Urine from Workers Exposed to Low Concentrations of Benzene by UHPLC-ESI-QToF-MS Reveals Potential Biomarkers Associated with Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100978. [PMID: 36295880 PMCID: PMC9611274 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene is a human carcinogen whose exposure to concentrations below 1 ppm (3.19 mg·m-3) is associated with myelotoxic effects. The determination of biomarkers such as trans-trans muconic acid (AttM) and S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA) show exposure without reflecting the toxic effects of benzene. For this reason, in this study, the urinary metabolome of individuals exposed to low concentrations of benzene was investigated, with the aim of understanding the biological response to exposure to this xenobiotic and identifying metabolites correlated with the toxic effects induced by it. Ultra-efficient liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-ESI-Q-ToF-MS) was used to identify metabolites in the urine of environmentally (n = 28) and occupationally exposed (n = 32) to benzene (mean of 22.1 μg·m-3 and 31.8 μg·m-3, respectively). Non-targeted metabolomics analysis by PLS-DA revealed nine urinary metabolites discriminating between groups and statistically correlated with oxidative damage (MDA, thiol) and genetic material (chromosomal aberrations) induced by the hydrocarbon. The analysis of metabolic pathways revealed important alterations in lipid metabolism. These results point to the involvement of alterations in lipid metabolism in the mechanisms of cytotoxic and genotoxic action of benzene. Furthermore, this study proves the potential of metabolomics to provide relevant information to understand the biological response to exposure to xenobiotics and identify early effect biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele P. R. Mendes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria José N. Paiva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Isabele C. Costa-Amaral
- Center for the Study of Occupational Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH), Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro V. B. Carvalho
- Center for the Study of Occupational Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH), Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
| | - Victor O. Figueiredo
- Center for the Study of Occupational Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH), Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eline S. Gonçalves
- Center for the Study of Occupational Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH), Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ariane L. Larentis
- Center for the Study of Occupational Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH), Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leiliane C. André
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-31-9238-3636
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Shin SS, Yang EH, Lee HC, Moon SH, Ryoo JH. Association of metabolites of benzene and toluene with lipid profiles in Korean adults: Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2015-2017). BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1917. [PMID: 36242012 PMCID: PMC9569087 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental exposure to benzene and toluene is a suspected risk factor for metabolic disorders among the general adult population. However, the effects of benzene and toluene on blood lipid profiles remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the association between urinary blood lipid profiles and metabolites of benzene and toluene in Korean adults. Methods We analyzed the data of 3,423 adults from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 3 (2015–2017). We used urinary trans,trans-muconic acid (ttMA) as a biomarker of benzene exposure, and urinary benzylmercapturic acid (BMA) as an indicator of toluene exposure. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the association between blood lipid profiles and urinary metabolites of benzene and toluene. Additionally, we examined the linear relationship and urinary metabolites of benzene and toluene between lipoprotein ratios using multivariate regression analyses. Results After adjusting for covariates, the fourth quartile (Q4) of ttMA [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval, CI = 1.599 (1.231, 2.077)] and Q3 of BMA [OR (95% CI) = 1.579 (1.129, 2.208)] were associated with an increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia. However, the Q4 of urinary ttMA [OR (95% CI) = 0.654 (0.446, 0.961)] and Q3 of urinary BMA [OR (95% CI) = 0.619 (0.430, 0.889)] decreased the risk of a high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Higher urinary ttMA levels were positively associated with the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoproteins [Q4 compared to Q1: β = 0.11, 95% CI: (0.02, 0.20)]. Higher urinary metabolite levels were negatively associated with the ratio of low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein [Q4 of ttMA compared to reference: β = -0.06, 95% CI: (-0.11, -0.01); Q4 of BMA compared to reference: β = -0.13, 95% CI: (-0.19, -0.08)]. Conclusion Benzene and toluene metabolites were significantly and positively associated with hypertriglyceridemia. However, urinary ttMA and BMA levels were negatively associated with high LDL-C levels. These findings suggest that environmental exposure to benzene and toluene disrupts lipid metabolism in humans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14319-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Su Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Choon Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Moon
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Ryoo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Zhang L, Han L, Liu Z, Jing J, Wang J, Zhang W, Gao A. Early hematopoietic injury triggered by benzene characterized with inhibition of erythrocyte differentiation involving the mollicutes_RF39-derived citrulline. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135009. [PMID: 35597459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Benzene poisoning is a common adverse blood outcome in occupational workers, manifested by hematopoietic dysfunction. However, the specific phenotype and its mechanisms of early hematopoietic toxicity caused by benzene remain unclear. After 15 days of exposure, the WBC levels were not significantly altered in benzene-exposed mice. However, the level of red blood cells (RBC) showed a significant decrease, and it was significantly and negatively correlated with urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA). Notably, 5 mg/kg benzene exposure significantly inhibited the renewal capacity and the number of colony formation of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells in mice, especially erythrocyte differentiation. These results suggested that the early hematopoietic toxicity phenotype caused by benzene was dominated by inhibition of erythroid differentiation rather than WBC-related inflammation. To further understand the underlying mechanisms of benzene-induced early hematopoietic toxicity, 16 S rRNA sequencing and plasma metabolites analysis were conducted to investigate the impact of benzene exposure for 15 days on microbial composition and metabolic profile of mice. We found that short-term benzene exposure induced disturbances in gut microbiota and metabolism. The relative abundance of Mollicutes_RF39 at order levels was significantly reduced in benzene-exposed mice and was strongly correlated with hematopoietic indicators and urinary benzene markers. Interestingly, Mollicutes_RF39 might disturb the levels of eight metabolites, whereas Citrulline was highly linked to Mollicutes_RF39 (r = 0.862, P = 0.000). Consequently, Mollicutes_RF39-derived Citrulline might be the key regulator of early hematopoietic injury induced by benzene exposure. These findings promote the understanding of early hematotoxicity phenotypes and provide new perspectives on the underlying mechanisms of benzene-induced hematotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jiaru Jing
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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15
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Zhang X, Li N, Cui Y, Wu H, Jiao J, Yu Y, Gu G, Chen G, Zhang H, Yu S. Plasma metabolomics analyses highlight the multifaceted effects of noise exposure and the diagnostic power of dysregulated metabolites for noise-induced hearing loss in steel workers. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:907832. [PMID: 36060246 PMCID: PMC9437629 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.907832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise exposure can lead to various kinds of disorders. Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of the leading disorders confusing the noise-exposed workers. It is essential to identify NIHL markers for its early diagnosis and new therapeutic targets for its treatment. In this study, a total of 90 plasma samples from 60 noise-exposed steel factory male workers (the noise group) with (NIHL group, n = 30) and without NIHL (non-NIHL group, n = 30) and 30 male controls without noise exposure (control group) were collected. Untargeted human plasma metabolomic profiles were determined with HPLC-MS/MS. The levels of the metabolites in the samples were normalized to total peak intensity, and the processed data were subjected to multivariate data analysis. The Wilcoxon test and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed. With the threshold of p < 0.05 and the variable importance of projection (VIP) value >1, 469 differential plasma metabolites associated with noise exposure (DMs-NE) were identified, and their associated 58 KEGG pathways were indicated. In total, 33 differential metabolites associated with NIHL (DMs-NIHL) and their associated 12 KEGG pathways were identified. There were six common pathways associated with both noise exposure and NIHL. Through multiple comparisons, seven metabolites were shown to be dysregulated in the NIHL group compared with the other two groups. Through LASSO regression analysis, two risk models were constructed for NIHL status predication which could discriminate NIHL from non-NIHL workers with the area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.840 and 0.872, respectively, indicating their efficiency in NIHL diagnosis. To validate the results of the metabolomics, cochlear gene expression comparisons between susceptible and resistant mice in the GSE8342 dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were performed. The immune response and cell death-related processes were highlighted for their close relations with noise exposure, indicating their critical roles in noise-induced disorders. We concluded that there was a significant difference between the metabolite’s profiles between NIHL cases and non-NIHL individuals. Noise exposure could lead to dysregulations of a variety of biological pathways, especially immune response and cell death-related processes. Our results might provide new clues for noise exposure studies and NIHL diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ningning Li
- Department of Scientific Research and Foreign Affairs, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanan Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Henan Institute for Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Jiao
- Henan Institute for Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yue Yu
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guizhen Gu
- Henan Institute for Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guoshun Chen
- Wugang Institute for Occupational Health, Wugang, Henan, China
| | - Huanling Zhang
- Wugang Institute for Occupational Health, Wugang, Henan, China
| | - Shanfa Yu
- School of Public Health, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Shanfa Yu,
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16
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Chen Y, Yang H, Chen S, Lu Z, Li B, Jiang T, Xuan M, Ye R, Liang H, Liu X, Liu Q, Tang H. SIRT1 regulated hexokinase-2 promoting glycolysis is involved in hydroquinone-enhanced malignant progression in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113757. [PMID: 35714482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is a vital event during tumorigenesis. The role of glycolysis in malignant progression promoted by hydroquinone (HQ), one of the metabolic products of benzene, remains to be understood. Recently, we reported the overexpression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in HQ-enhanced malignant progression of TK6 cells and hypothesized that SIRT1 might contribute to glycolysis and favor tumorigenesis. Our data showed that acute exposure of TK6 cells to HQ for 48 h inhibited glycolysis, as indicated by reduction in glucose consumption, lactate production, hexokinase activity, and the expression of SIRT1 and glycolytic enzymes, including HIF-1α, hexokinase-2 (HK-2), ENO-1, glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1), and lactic dehydrogenase A (LDHA). Knockdown of SIRT1 or inhibition of glycolysis using the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) downregulated the levels of SIRT1 and glycolytic enzymes and significantly enhanced HQ-induced cell apoptosis, although knockdown of SIRT1 or 2-DG alone had little effect on apoptosis. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and Co-IP assays demonstrated that SIRT1 regulated the expression of HK-2, and HQ treatment caused a decrease in SIRT1 and HK-2 binding to mitochondria. Importantly, we found that glycolysis was promoted with increasing HQ treatment weeks. Long-term HQ exposure increased the expression of SIRT1 and several glycolytic enzymes and promoted malignant cell progression. Moreover, compared with the PBS group, glucose consumption and lactate production increased after 10 weeks of HQ exposure, and the protein levels of SIRT1 and HK-2 were increased after 15 weeks of HQ exposure, while those of Glut-1, ENO-1, and LDHA were elevated. In addition, SIRT1 knockdown HQ 19 cells exhibited decreased lactate production, glucose consumption, glycolytic enzymes expression, cell growth, and tumor formation in nude mice. Our findings identify the high expression of SIRT1 as a strong oncogenic driver that positively regulates HK-2 and promotes glycolysis in HQ-accelerated malignant progression of TK6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Shaoyun Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518102, China
| | - Zhaohong Lu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Boxin Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Tikeng Jiang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Mei Xuan
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Ruifang Ye
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Hairong Liang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Xiaoshan Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China.
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17
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Lu F, Zhang Q, Zhang M, Sun S, Yang X, Yan H. Blocking exosomal secretion aggravates 1,4-Benzoquinone-induced mitochondrial fission activated by the AMPK/MFF/Drp1 pathway in HL-60 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1618-1627. [PMID: 35383983 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is in vivo and in vitro evidence that exposure to benzene or its metabolites could affect the mitochondrial function. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of mitochondrial damage remains to be elucidated. In this study, exposure of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) to 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ; an active metabolite of benzene) increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate production and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, up-regulated the expression of mitochondrial fission proteins Drp1 and Fis1, and down-regulated the expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins Mfn2 and Opa1. Further study showed that 1,4-BQ mediated mitochondrial fission through activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase/mitochondrial fission factor/dynamin-related protein 1 pathway. Additionally, we also examined the role of exosomal secretion in mitochondrial damage under 1,4-BQ treatment. Results showed that 1,4-BQ increased the total protein level and mtDNA content in exosomes. Upon pre-treatment with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SS-31, there was attenuation of the mitochondrial damage induced by 1,4-BQ, accompanied by a change in the exosome release characteristics, while inhibition of exosomal secretion using GW4869 aggravated the 1,4-BQ-mediated mitochondrial fission. We concluded that exosomal secretion may serve as a self-protective mechanism of cells against 1,4-BQ-induced mitochondria damage and mitochondrial dynamics interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qilu Medical University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Mengyan Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shuqiang Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xinjun Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hongtao Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
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18
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Guo X, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhang W, Ren J, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Gao A. Plasma metabolomics study reveals the critical metabolic signatures for benzene-induced hematotoxicity. JCI Insight 2022; 7:154999. [PMID: 35076025 PMCID: PMC8855792 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujiao Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- Research Center of Occupational Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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