1
|
Sharma R, Ali T, Kaur J. Folic acid depletion as well as oversupplementation helps in the progression of hepatocarcinogenesis in HepG2 cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16617. [PMID: 36198749 PMCID: PMC9534894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate ingestion below and above the physiologic dose has been shown to play a tumorigenic role in certain cancers. Also, excessive folate supplementation after establishment of pre-established lesions led to an advancement in the growth of a few tumors. However, such information has not yet been achieved in the case of HCC. In our study, HepG2 cells were administered with three different concentrations of folic acid i.e. folic acid normal (FN) (2.27 µM), folic acid deficient (FD) (no folic acid), folic acid oversupplementation (FO) (100 µM) for 10 days. Intracellular folate levels were assayed by Elecsys Folate III kit based method. The migratory and invasive abilities were estimated by transwell migration and matrigel invasion methods respectively. FACS was done to evaluate cell viability and apoptosis. Agarose-coated plates were used to access cancer stem cells (CSCs) number. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting approaches were used for gene and protein expression of certain tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), respectively. FD cells depicted increased migration, invasion, apoptosis, necrosis and decreased cell viability, CSCs. On the other hand, FO cells showed increased migration, invasion, cell viability and number of CSCs and decreased apoptosis and necrosis. TSGs revealed diminished expression with both FA modulations with respect to FN cells. Thus, FA deficiency as well as abundance enhanced the HCC progression by adapting different mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Taqveema Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyotdeep Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Investigation of the relationship between MTRR A66G, MTR A2756G gene variations and cell anomalies in early diagnosis and progression of bladder cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7719-7729. [PMID: 35715601 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between MTRR A66G, MTRA2756G gene variations and cell anomalies in the early diagnosis and progression of bladder cancer. METHODS PCR and RFLP methods were used to determine the genotype distributions of MTRR A66G and MTR A2756G gene variations. Peripheral smear preparations prepared from blood samples were fixed with methanol fixative and stained histochemically. Cellular morphological evaluations were made under the light microscope. RESULTS In our study, AA-GG haplotype was observed significantly more in the patient group than control group (OR: 3.304, 95% CI: 1.023-10.665, p = 0.046). The significant increase was determined in terms of histological damage parameters in the patient group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). For multiple vacuoles damage parameter (mild score), AA genotype of MTR A2756G gene variation was significantly different compared to AA genotype of MTRR A66G gene variation (OR: 0.211, 0.049-0.912, p = 0.037). AA genotype of MTR A2756G gene variation was observed more than AA homozygous genotype of MTR A66G gene variation for giant platelets with different sizes damage parameter (mild score) (OR: 0.062, 0.017-0.228, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, in Thrace population, AA genotype of the MTR A2756G gene variation was significantly higher than the AA homozygous genotype of the MTR A66G gene variation as a genetic risk factor for the multiple vacuoles damage parameter. In addition, AA genotype of MTR A2756G gene variation was determined as a genetic risk factor for giant platelets with different sizes damage parameter.
Collapse
|
3
|
Folic Acid Treatment Directly Influences the Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation along with the Associated Cellular Maintenance Processes of HT-29 and SW480 Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071820. [PMID: 35406592 PMCID: PMC8997840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Folic acid (FA) participates in DNA synthesis and in DNA methylation; hence, it has a dual role in established neoplasms. We aimed to observe this phenomenon on FA-treated colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29, SW480). Our results demonstrated that the maintenance processes, namely cell proliferation, cell viability, and DNA repair, were altered in HT-29 cells for short-term FA supplementation, while genetic and epigenetic regulations of SW480 cells were also affected. Despite the fact that FA is a precursor molecule in methyl donor formation, DNA methylation alterations were observed in both directions, primarily influencing the pathways of carcinogenesis. Moreover, behind the great number of differentially expressed genes, other FA-related effects than promoter methylation were suspected. All of our results point beyond the attributes related to FA so far. The different response of the two cell lines is worth considering in clinical practice to facilitate the effectiveness of therapy in the case of tumor heterogeneity. Abstract Folic acid (FA) is a synthetic form of vitamin B9, generally used as a nutritional supplement and an adjunctive medication in cancer therapy. FA is involved in genetic and epigenetic regulation; therefore, it has a dual modulatory role in established neoplasms. We aimed to investigate the effect of short-term (72 h) FA supplementation on colorectal cancer; hence, HT-29 and SW480 cells were exposed to different FA concentrations (0, 100, 10,000 ng/mL). HT-29 cell proliferation and viability levels elevated after 100 ng/mL but decreased for 10,000 ng/mL FA. Additionally, a significant (p ≤ 0.05) improvement of genomic stability was detected in HT-29 cells with micronucleus scoring and comet assay. Conversely, the FA treatment did not alter these parameters in SW480 samples. RRBS results highlighted that DNA methylation changes were bidirectional in both cells, mainly affecting carcinogenesis-related pathways. Based on the microarray analysis, promoter methylation status was in accordance with FA-induced expression alterations of 27 genes. Our study demonstrates that the FA effect was highly dependent on the cell type, which can be attributed to the distinct molecular background and the different expression of proliferation- and DNA-repair-associated genes (YWHAZ, HES1, STAT3, CCL2). Moreover, new aspects of FA-regulated DNA methylation and consecutive gene expression were revealed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu MT, Ye WT, Wang YC, Chen PM, Liu JY, Tai CK, Tang FY, Li JR, Liu CC, Chiang EPI. MTHFR Knockdown Assists Cell Defense against Folate Depletion Induced Chromosome Segregation and Uracil Misincorporation in DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179392. [PMID: 34502300 PMCID: PMC8431311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate depletion causes chromosomal instability by increasing DNA strand breakage, uracil misincorporation, and defective repair. Folate mediated one-carbon metabolism has been suggested to play a key role in the carcinogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through influencing DNA integrity. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is the enzyme catalyzing the irreversible conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate that can control folate cofactor distributions and modulate the partitioning of intracellular one-carbon moieties. The association between MTHFR polymorphisms and HCC risk is inconsistent and remains controversial in populational studies. We aimed to establish an in vitro cell model of liver origin to elucidate the interactions between MTHFR function, folate status, and chromosome stability. In the present study, we (1) examined MTHFR expression in HCC patients; (2) established cell models of liver origin with stabilized inhibition of MTHFR using small hairpin RNA delivered by a lentiviral vector, and (3) investigated the impacts of reduced MTHFR and folate status on cell cycle, methyl group homeostasis, nucleotide biosynthesis, and DNA stability, all of which are pathways involved in DNA integrity and repair and are critical in human tumorigenesis. By analyzing the TCGA/GTEx datasets available within GEPIA2, we discovered that HCC cancer patients with higher MTHFR had a worse survival rate. The shRNA of MTHFR (shMTHFR) resulted in decreased MTHFR gene expression, MTHFR protein, and enzymatic activity in human hepatoma cell HepG2. shMTHFR tended to decrease intracellular S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) contents but folate depletion similarly decreased SAM in wildtype (WT), negative control (Neg), and shMTHFR cells, indicating that in cells of liver origin, shMTHFR does not exacerbate the methyl group supply in folate depletion. shMTHFR caused cell accumulations in the G2/M, and cell population in the G2/M was inversely correlated with MTHFR gene level (r = −0.81, p < 0.0001), MTHFR protein expression (r = −0.8; p = 0.01), and MTHFR enzyme activity (r = −0.842; p = 0.005). Folate depletion resulted in G2/M cell cycle arrest in WT and Neg but not in shMTHFR cells, indicating that shMTHFR does not exacerbate folate depletion-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. In addition, shMTHFR promoted the expression and translocation of nuclei thymidine synthetic enzyme complex SHMT1/DHFR/TYMS and assisted folate-dependent de novo nucleotide biosynthesis under folate restriction. Finally, shMTHFR promoted nuclear MLH1/p53 expression under folate deficiency and further reduced micronuclei formation and DNA uracil misincorporation under folate deficiency. In conclusion, shMTHFR in HepG2 induces cell cycle arrest in G2/M that may promote nucleotide supply and assist cell defense against folate depletion-induced chromosome segregation and uracil misincorporation in the DNA. This study provided insight into the significant impact of MTHFR function on chromosome stability of hepatic tissues. Data from the present study may shed light on the potential regulatory mechanism by which MTHFR modulates the risk for hepatic malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tsung Wu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-T.W.); (W.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (P.-M.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wei-Ting Ye
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-T.W.); (W.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (P.-M.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Yi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-T.W.); (W.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (P.-M.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Po-Ming Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-T.W.); (W.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (P.-M.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Jun-You Liu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-T.W.); (W.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (P.-M.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Chien-Kuo Tai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan;
| | - Feng-Yao Tang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (J.-R.L.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Chun-Chi Liu
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (J.-R.L.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - En-Pei Isabel Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-T.W.); (W.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (P.-M.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hsu CL, Lo YC, Kao CF. H3K4 Methylation in Aging and Metabolism. EPIGENOMES 2021; 5:14. [PMID: 34968301 PMCID: PMC8594702 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During the process of aging, extensive epigenetic alterations are made in response to both exogenous and endogenous stimuli. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding one such alteration, H3K4 methylation (H3K4me), as it relates to aging in different species. We especially highlight emerging evidence that links this modification with metabolic pathways, which may provide a mechanistic link to explain its role in aging. H3K4me is a widely recognized marker of active transcription, and it appears to play an evolutionarily conserved role in determining organism longevity, though its influence is context specific and requires further clarification. Interestingly, the modulation of H3K4me dynamics may occur as a result of nutritional status, such as methionine restriction. Methionine status appears to influence H3K4me via changes in the level of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM, the universal methyl donor) or the regulation of H3K4-modifying enzyme activities. Since methionine restriction is widely known to extend lifespan, the mechanistic link between methionine metabolic flux, the sensing of methionine concentrations and H3K4me status may provide a cogent explanation for several seemingly disparate observations in aging organisms, including age-dependent H3K4me dynamics, gene expression changes, and physiological aberrations. These connections are not yet entirely understood, especially at a molecular level, and will require further elucidation. To conclude, we discuss some potential H3K4me-mediated molecular mechanisms that may link metabolic status to the aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Hsu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chen Lo
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Fu Kao
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
MAT2A Localization and Its Independently Prognostic Relevance in Breast Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105382. [PMID: 34065390 PMCID: PMC8161225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: methionine cycle is not only essential for cancer cell proliferation but is also critical for metabolic reprogramming, a cancer hallmark. Hepatic and extrahepatic tissues methionine adenosyltransferases (MATs) are products of two genes, MAT1A and MAT2A that catalyze the formation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the principal biological methyl donor. Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) further utilizes SAM for sarcosine formation, thus it regulates the ratio of SAM:S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). (2) Methods: by analyzing the TCGA/GTEx datasets available within GEPIA2, we discovered that breast cancer patients with higher MAT2A had worse survival rate (p = 0.0057). Protein expression pattern of MAT1AA, MAT2A and GNMT were investigated in the tissue microarray in our own cohort (n = 252) by immunohistochemistry. MAT2A C/N expression ratio and cell invasion activity were further investigated in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. (3) Results: GNMT and MAT1A were detected in the cytoplasm, whereas MAT2A showed both cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity. Neither GNMT nor MAT1A protein expression was associated with patient survival rate in our cohort. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that a higher cytoplasmic/nuclear (C/N) MAT2A protein expression ratio correlated with poor overall survival (5 year survival rate: 93.7% vs. 83.3%, C/N ratio ≥ 1.0 vs. C/N ratio < 1.0, log-rank p = 0.004). Accordingly, a MAT2A C/N expression ratio ≥ 1.0 was determined as an independent risk factor by Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio = 2.771, p = 0.018, n = 252). In vitro studies found that breast cancer cell lines with a higher MAT2A C/N ratio were more invasive. (4) Conclusions: the subcellular localization of MAT2A may affect its functions, and elevated MAT2A C/N ratio in breast cancer cells is associated with increased invasiveness. MAT2A C/N expression ratio determined by IHC staining could serve as a novel independent prognostic marker for breast cancer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hyväkkä A, Virtanen V, Kemppainen J, Grönroos TJ, Minn H, Sundvall M. More Than Meets the Eye: Scientific Rationale behind Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Targeting of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) in Metastatic Prostate Cancer and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092244. [PMID: 34067046 PMCID: PMC8125679 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane protein that is overexpressed in prostate cancer and correlates with the aggressiveness of the disease. PSMA is a promising target for imaging and therapeutics in prostate cancer patients validated in prospective trials. However, the role of PSMA in prostate cancer progression is poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the biology and scientific rationale behind the use of PSMA and other targets in the detection and theranostics of metastatic prostate cancer. Abstract Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer type in men globally. Although the prognosis for localized prostate cancer is good, no curative treatments are available for metastatic disease. Better diagnostic methods could help target therapies and improve the outcome. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed on malignant prostate tumor cells and correlates with the aggressiveness of the disease. PSMA is a clinically validated target for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging-based diagnostics in prostate cancer, and during recent years several therapeutics have been developed based on PSMA expression and activity. The expression of PSMA in prostate cancer can be very heterogeneous and some metastases are negative for PSMA. Determinants that dictate clinical responses to PSMA-targeting therapeutics are not well known. Moreover, it is not clear how to manipulate PSMA expression for therapeutic purposes and develop rational treatment combinations. A deeper understanding of the biology behind the use of PSMA would help the development of theranostics with radiolabeled compounds and other PSMA-based therapeutic approaches. Along with PSMA several other targets have also been evaluated or are currently under investigation in preclinical or clinical settings in prostate cancer. Here we critically elaborate the biology and scientific rationale behind the use of PSMA and other targets in the detection and therapeutic targeting of metastatic prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Hyväkkä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.H.); (V.V.)
| | - Verneri Virtanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.H.); (V.V.)
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine (TuDMM), University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Kemppainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland;
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Docrates Cancer Center, FI-00180 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tove J. Grönroos
- Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Heikki Minn
- Department of Oncology, FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland;
| | - Maria Sundvall
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.H.); (V.V.)
- Department of Oncology, FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sou NL, Huang YH, Chen DY, Chen YM, Tang FY, Ko HA, Fan YH, Lin YY, Wang YC, Chih HM, Shane B, Huang WN, Chiang EPI. Folinate Supplementation Ameliorates Methotrexate Induced Mitochondrial Formate Depletion In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1350. [PMID: 33572934 PMCID: PMC7866403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Antifolate methotrexate (MTX) is the most common disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) for treating human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The mitochondrial-produced formate is essential for folate-mediated one carbon (1C) metabolism. The impacts of MTX on formate homeostasis in unknown, and rigorously controlled kinetic studies can greatly help in this regard. (2) Methods: Combining animal model (8-week old female C57BL/6JNarl mice, n = 18), cell models, stable isotopic tracer studies with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) platforms, we systematically investigated how MTX interferes with the partitioning of mitochondrial and cytosolic formate metabolism. (3) Results: MTX significantly reduced de novo deoxythymidylate (dTMP) and methionine biosyntheses from mitochondrial-derived formate in cells, mouse liver, and bone marrow, supporting our postulation that MTX depletes mitochondrial 1C supply. Furthermore, MTX inhibited formate generation from mitochondria glycine cleavage system (GCS) both in vitro and in vivo. Folinate selectively rescued 1C metabolic pathways in a tissue-, cellular compartment-, and pathway-specific manner: folinate effectively reversed the inhibition of mitochondrial formate-dependent 1C metabolism in mouse bone marrow (dTMP, methionine, and GCS) and cells (dTMP and GCS) but not methionine synthesis in liver/liver-derived cells. Folinate failed to fully recover hepatic mitochondrial-formate utilization for methionine synthesis, suggesting that the efficacy of clinical folinate rescue in MTX therapy on hepatic methionine metabolism is poor. (4) Conclusion: Conducting studies in mouse and cell models, we demonstrate novel findings that MTX specifically depletes mitochondrial 1C supply that can be ameliorated by folinate supplementation except for hepatic transmethylation. These results imply that clinical use of low-dose MTX may particularly impede 1C metabolism via depletion of mitochondrial formate. The MTX induced systematic and tissue-specific formate depletion needs to be addressed more carefully, and the efficacy of folinate with respect to protecting against such depletion deserves to be evaluated in medical practice.
Collapse
Grants
- 108-2321-B-005-004 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 107-2320-B005-003-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 107-2621-M005-008-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 107-2321-B-005-009 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 108-2321-B-005 -004 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 107-2320-B039-008-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 104-2320-B-039-041-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- CMU103-ASIA-20 China Medical University, Taiwan
- CMU103-S-46 China Medical University, Taiwan
- CMU104-S-32 China Medical University, Taiwan
- 997608 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- 1077602 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nga-Lai Sou
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.-L.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-A.K.); (Y.-H.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (H.-M.C.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Huang
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.-L.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-A.K.); (Y.-H.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (H.-M.C.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Allergy Immunology Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TVGH), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (D.-Y.C.); (Y.-M.C.); (W.-N.H.)
- Allergy Immunology Rheumatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Allergy Immunology Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TVGH), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (D.-Y.C.); (Y.-M.C.); (W.-N.H.)
| | - Feng-Yao Tang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-An Ko
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.-L.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-A.K.); (Y.-H.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (H.-M.C.)
| | - Yi-Hsuan Fan
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.-L.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-A.K.); (Y.-H.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (H.-M.C.)
| | - Yi-Ying Lin
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.-L.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-A.K.); (Y.-H.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (H.-M.C.)
| | - Yi-Cheng Wang
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.-L.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-A.K.); (Y.-H.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (H.-M.C.)
| | - Hui-Ming Chih
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.-L.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-A.K.); (Y.-H.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (H.-M.C.)
- Department of Nursing and Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TVGH), Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Barry Shane
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA;
| | - Wen-Nan Huang
- Allergy Immunology Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TVGH), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (D.-Y.C.); (Y.-M.C.); (W.-N.H.)
| | - En-Pei Isabel Chiang
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.-L.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-A.K.); (Y.-H.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (H.-M.C.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tan YL, Sou NL, Tang FY, Ko HA, Yeh WT, Peng JH, Chiang EPI. Tracing Metabolic Fate of Mitochondrial Glycine Cleavage System Derived Formate In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228808. [PMID: 33233834 PMCID: PMC7699879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Folate-mediated one-carbon (1C) metabolism is a major target of many therapies in human diseases. Studies have focused on the metabolism of serine 3-carbon as it serves as a major source for 1C units. The serine 3-carbon enters the mitochondria transferred by folate cofactors and eventually converted to formate and serves as a major building block for cytosolic 1C metabolism. Abnormal glycine metabolism has been reported in many human pathological conditions. The mitochondrial glycine cleavage system (GCS) catalyzes glycine degradation to CO2 and ammonium, while tetrahydrofolate (THF) is converted into 5,10-methylene-THF. GCS accounts for a substantial proportion of whole-body glycine flux in humans, yet the particular metabolic route of glycine 2-carbon recycled from GCS during mitochondria glycine decarboxylation in hepatic or bone marrow 1C metabolism is not fully investigated, due to the limited accessibility of human tissues. Labeled glycine at 2-carbon was given to humans and primary cells in previous studies for investigating its incorporations into purines, its interconversion with serine, or the CO2 production in the mitochondria. Less is known on the metabolic fate of the glycine 2-carbon recycled from the GCS; hence, a model system tracing its metabolic fate would help in this regard. We took the direct approach of isotopic labeling to further explore the in vitro and in vivo metabolic fate of the 2-carbon from [2-13C]glycine and [2-13C]serine. As the 2-carbon of glycine and serine is decarboxylated and catabolized via the GCS, the original 13C-labeled 2-carbon is transferred to THF and yield methyleneTHF in the mitochondria. In human hepatoma cell-lines, 2-carbon from glycine was found to be incorporated into deoxythymidine (dTMP, dT + 1), M + 3 species of purines (deoxyadenine, dA and deoxyguanine, dG), and methionine (Met + 1). In healthy mice, incorporation of GCS-derived formate from glycine 2-carbon was found in serine (Ser + 2 via cytosolic serine hydroxy methyl transferase), methionine, dTMP, and methylcytosine (mC + 1) in bone marrow DNA. In these experiments, labeled glycine 2-carbon directly incorporates into Ser + 1, A + 2, and G + 2 (at C2 and C8 of purine) in the cytosol. It is noteworthy that since the serine 3-carbon is unlabeled in these experiments, the isotopic enrichments in dT + 1, Ser + 2, dA + 3, dG + 3, and Met + 1 solely come from the 2-carbon of glycine/serine recycled from GCS, re-enters the cytosolic 1C metabolism as formate, and then being used for cytosolic syntheses of serine, dTMP, purine (M + 3) and methionine. Taken together, we established model systems and successfully traced the metabolic fate of mitochondrial GCS-derived formate from glycine 2-carbon in vitro and in vivo. Nutritional supply significantly alters formate generation from GCS. More GCS-derived formate was used in hepatic serine and methionine syntheses, whereas more GCS-derived formate was used in dTMP synthesis in the bone marrow, indicating that the utilization and partitioning of GCS-derived 1C unit are tissue-specific. These approaches enable better understanding concerning the utilization of 1C moiety generated from mitochondrial GCS that can help to further elucidate the role of GCS in human disease development and progression in future applications. More studies on GCS using these approaches are underway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Ling Tan
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.T.); (N.-L.S.); (H.-A.K.); (W.-T.Y.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Nga-Lai Sou
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.T.); (N.-L.S.); (H.-A.K.); (W.-T.Y.); (J.-H.P.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yao Tang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-An Ko
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.T.); (N.-L.S.); (H.-A.K.); (W.-T.Y.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Wei-Ting Yeh
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.T.); (N.-L.S.); (H.-A.K.); (W.-T.Y.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Jian-Hau Peng
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.T.); (N.-L.S.); (H.-A.K.); (W.-T.Y.); (J.-H.P.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Microbial Genomics Ph.D. Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - En-Pei Isabel Chiang
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.T.); (N.-L.S.); (H.-A.K.); (W.-T.Y.); (J.-H.P.)
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Microbial Genomics Ph.D. Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22853049; Fax: +886-4-22876211
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ghazi T, Arumugam T, Foolchand A, Chuturgoon AA. The Impact of Natural Dietary Compounds and Food-Borne Mycotoxins on DNA Methylation and Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E2004. [PMID: 32878338 PMCID: PMC7565866 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression is an accumulation of genetic and epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression, and aberrant DNA methylation patterns are considered a hallmark of cancer. The human diet is a source of micronutrients, bioactive molecules, and mycotoxins that have the ability to alter DNA methylation patterns and are thus a contributing factor for both the prevention and onset of cancer. Micronutrients such as betaine, choline, folate, and methionine serve as cofactors or methyl donors for one-carbon metabolism and other DNA methylation reactions. Dietary bioactive compounds such as curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, and sulforaphane reactivate essential tumor suppressor genes by reversing aberrant DNA methylation patterns, and therefore, they have shown potential against various cancers. In contrast, fungi-contaminated agricultural foods are a source of potent mycotoxins that induce carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on dietary micronutrients, bioactive compounds, and food-borne mycotoxins that affect DNA methylation patterns and identify their potential in the onset and treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anil A. Chuturgoon
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (T.G.); (T.A.); (A.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The advances of methotrexate resistance in rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1183-1193. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
12
|
Jozi M, Jafarpour F, Moradi R, Zadegan FG, Karbalaie K, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Induced DNA hypomethylation by Folic Acid Deprivation in Bovine Fibroblast Donor Cells Improves Reprogramming of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5076. [PMID: 32193457 PMCID: PMC7081283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant patterns of DNA methylation are consistent events in SCNT derived embryos and mechanistically are believed to be related to abnormal development. While some epigenetic drugs have been used in attempts to improve SCNT efficiency but some concerns remained toward the safety of these drugs on the health of future offspring. Folate is an essential cofactor in one‐carbon cycle for conversion of homocysteine to methionine, thereby ensuring supply of SAM, the universal methyl donor for many biological methylation reactions including DNA methylation. Therefore, in vitro DNA hypo-methylation can be induced by folate deprivation and this study aims at deciphering the role of folic acid deprivation in culture medium of BFFs for 6 days on SCNT efficiency. Our data revealed that culture of fibroblast cells in folate− medium containing 0.5% FBS did not alter the cell cycle compared to other groups. Flowcytometric analysis revealed that DNA methylation (5-mC level) in folate deprived cells cultured in 0.5% serum was decreased compared to folate+ group. The result of bisulfite sequencing was in accordance with flowcytometric analysis, which indicated a decrease in DNA methylation of POU5F1 promoter. Gene expression analysis revealed an increase in expression of POU5F1 gene in folate− group. The nuclear area of the cells in folate− group was significantly larger than folate+ group. Induced DNA hypomethylation by folate deprivation in the folate− group significantly improved blastocyst rate compared to the folate+ group. DNA methylation level in POU5F1 promoter and ICR of H19 and IGF2 of SCNT derived embryos in the folate− group was similar to the IVF derived blastocysts. In conclusion, our results proposes a promising “non-chemical” instead of “chemical” approach using inhibitors of epigenetic modifier enzymes for improving mammalian SCNT efficiency for agricultural and biomedical purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Jozi
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.,ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Jafarpour
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Reza Moradi
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghazvini Zadegan
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Karbalaie
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
MTHFR C677T polymorphism increases MTX sensitivity via the inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine and de novo purine synthesis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:253-267. [PMID: 30606816 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Currently, no guidelines are established for pharmacogenomic testing involving folate metabolic genes in long-term disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs' (DMARD) therapies. We carefully investigated how common genetic variations in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) influence cellular metabolic kinetics in response to methotrexate (MTX). Designs: Two distinct cell models: HepG2 with stabilized MTHFR inhibition using shRNA delivered by a Lentiviral vector; and Epstein-Barr virus transformed human lymphoblasts expressing MTHFR polymorphic allele 677C and 677T were used. Disease activity and DMARD use were compared between MTHFR-677CC, CT and TT rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in a cross-sectional study (n=120). Results: Compared with MTHFR-CC, MTHFR-TT carriers had lower mean weakly MTX dose (9.8 ± 3.3 compared with 12.1 ± 3.5, P<0.05). More MTHFR-TT carriers (8/11, 73%) reported MTX-related side effects compared with MTHFR-677CC (32/57, 56%) and MTHFR-677CT (30/51, 59%). No genotypic difference was found in other DMARDs. At the same dose of MTX, lymphoblasts were more sensitive in cell survival, protein and thymidine syntheses whereas HepG2 models were more susceptible to the inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine (adoMet) synthesis. MTHFR-C677T altered protein turnover and folate mediated 1-carbon metabolic fluxes in lymphoblasts with and without MTX. MTHFR function significantly affected transmethylation fluxes and adoMet homeostasis but not nucleotide biosyntheses in MTX-treated HepG2 cell-lines. Conclusion: Combining cell models, kinetic studies, and genetic tests in humans, the present study gives insight on how MTHFR effects hepatic transmethylation homeostasis during MTX therapy. We provide platforms that help predict the genetic impact on antifolate drugs, and further delineate tissue-specific target pathway in DMARD therapies. We suggest that genetic factors should be taken into account in clinical practice.
Collapse
|
14
|
Poupeau A, Garde C, Sulek K, Citirikkaya K, Treebak JT, Arumugam M, Simar D, Olofsson LE, Bäckhed F, Barrès R. Genes controlling the activation of natural killer lymphocytes are epigenetically remodeled in intestinal cells from germ-free mice. FASEB J 2018; 33:2719-2731. [PMID: 30303739 PMCID: PMC6338647 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800787r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Remodeling of the gut microbiota is implicated in various metabolic and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. We hypothesized that the gut microbiota affects the DNA methylation profile of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) which could, in turn, alter intestinal function. In this study, we used mass spectrometry and methylated DNA capture to respectively investigate global and genome-wide DNA methylation of intestinal epithelial cells from germ-free (GF) and conventionally raised mice. In colonic IECs from GF mice, DNA was markedly hypermethylated. This was associated with a dramatic loss of ten-eleven-translocation activity, a lower DNA methyltransferase activity and lower circulating levels of the 1-carbon metabolite, folate. At the gene level, we found an enrichment for differentially methylated regions proximal to genes regulating the cytotoxicity of NK cells (false-discovery rate < 8.9E−6), notably genes regulating the cross-talk between NK cells and target cells, such as members of the NK group 2 member D ligand superfamily Raet. This distinct epigenetic signature was associated with a marked decrease in Raet1 expression and a loss of CD56+/CD45+ cells in the intestine of GF mice. Thus, our results indicate that altered activity of methylation-modifying enzymes in GF mice influences the IEC epigenome and modulates the crosstalk between IECs and NK cells. Epigenetic reprogramming of IECs may modulate intestinal function in diseases associated with altered gut microbiota.—Poupeau, A., Garde, C., Sulek, K., Citirikkaya, K., Treebak, J. T., Arumugam, M., Simar, D., Olofsson, L. E., Bäckhed, F., Barrès, R. Genes controlling the activation of natural killer lymphocytes are epigenetically remodeled in intestinal cells from germ-free mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Poupeau
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Garde
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karolina Sulek
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kiymet Citirikkaya
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manimozhiyan Arumugam
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Simar
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Louise E Olofsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alves da Silva AV, de Castro Oliveira SB, Di Rienzi SC, Brown-Steinke K, Dehan LM, Rood JK, Carreira VS, Le H, Maier EA, Betz KJ, Aihara E, Ley RE, Preidis GA, Shen L, Moore SR. Murine Methyl Donor Deficiency Impairs Early Growth in Association with Dysmorphic Small Intestinal Crypts and Reduced Gut Microbial Community Diversity. Curr Dev Nutr 2018. [PMCID: PMC6324351 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Folate and choline are essential methyl donor nutrients throughout the life span; however, the adverse effects of combined deficiency on early growth, intestinal epithelial morphology, and the gut microbiome remain only partially understood. Objectives We investigated the effects of dietary folate and choline deficiency on early growth, small intestinal (SI) epithelial architecture, and the gut microbiota of mice. To explore potential mechanisms for adverse effects on gut epithelial morphology, we also evaluated gene expression and DNA methylation in mouse intestinal epithelial organoids (enteroids) maintained in methyl donor–deficient (MDD) conditions. Methods Pregnant dams were administered 1 of 4 diets: 1) control diet (CD−), 2) an isocaloric MDD− diet, or 3) CD+ and 4) MDD+ formulations containing 1% succinylsulfathiazole to inhibit folate-producing gut bacteria. We weaned pups to their dams’ diet at 3 wk of age and monitored body weight and tail length pre- and postweaning. We measured serum folate, SI crypt morphology, and microbiota composition at 7 wk of age. Results Both MDD+ and MDD− diets impaired early ponderal and linear growth, lowered serum folate concentrations, and produced patchy areas of increased crypt depth throughout the SI. Succinylsulfathiazole increased crypt depth independently of diet. MDD or succinylsulfathiazole, alone or in combination, altered the gut microbiome, with decreased Bacteroidales and Clostridiales, increased Lactobacillales and Erysipelotrichaceae taxa, and decreased α-diversity indexes. Enteroids maintained in MDD media displayed dysmorphic crypt domains, altered expression of stem cell and secretory differentiation genes, and decreased DNA methylation of the glycosylation genes Beta-1,4-N-Acetyl-Galactosaminyltransferase-1 (B4galnt1) and Phosphoethanolamine/Phosphocholine-Phosphatase (Phospho1). Conclusion MDD impairs ponderal and linear growth in mice in association with dysmorphic SI crypts and reduced gut microbial diversity. In vitro methyl donor deficiency similarly induced dysmorphic crypts in mouse enteroids in conjunction with altered gene expression and DNA methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio V Alves da Silva
- Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Stephanie B de Castro Oliveira
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sara C Di Rienzi
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Lauren M Dehan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jill K Rood
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Hung Le
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Elizabeth A Maier
- Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Kristina J Betz
- Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Eitaro Aihara
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ruth E Ley
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Geoffrey A Preidis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX
| | - Lanlan Shen
- USDA Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sean R Moore
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hearnden V, Powers HJ, Elmogassabi A, Lowe R, Murdoch C. Methyl-donor depletion of head and neck cancer cells in vitro establishes a less aggressive tumour cell phenotype. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:1321-1332. [PMID: 28251343 PMCID: PMC5959985 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE DNA methylation plays a fundamental role in the epigenetic control of carcinogenesis and is, in part, influenced by the availability of methyl donors obtained from the diet. In this study, we developed an in-vitro model to investigate whether methyl donor depletion affects the phenotype and gene expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. METHODS HNSCC cell lines (UD-SCC2 and UPCI-SCC72) were cultured in medium deficient in methionine, folate, and choline or methyl donor complete medium. Cell doubling-time, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were analysed. The effects of methyl donor depletion on enzymes controlling DNA methylation and the pro-apoptotic factors death-associated protein kinase-1 (DAPK1) and p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) were examined by quantitative-PCR or immunoblotting. RESULTS HNSCC cells cultured in methyl donor deplete conditions showed significantly increased cell doubling times, reduced cell proliferation, impaired cell migration, and a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis when compared to cells cultured in complete medium. Methyl donor depletion significantly increased the gene expression of DNMT3a and TET-1, an effect that was reversed upon methyl donor repletion in UD-SCC2 cells. In addition, expression of DAPK1 and PUMA was increased in UD-SCC2 cells cultured in methyl donor deplete compared to complete medium, possibly explaining the observed increase in apoptosis in these cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data show that depleting HNSCC cells of methyl donors reduces the growth and mobility of HNSCC cells, while increasing rates of apoptosis, suggesting that a methyl donor depleted diet may significantly affect the growth of established HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Hearnden
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Hilary J Powers
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Abeir Elmogassabi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Rosanna Lowe
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li Y, Feng Q, Guo M, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Xing J. Genome-wide survey reveals dynamic effects of folate supplement on DNA methylation and gene expression during C2C12 differentiation. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:158-168. [PMID: 29341861 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00094.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Folic acid supplements taken during pregnancy can prevent neural tube defects and other developmental abnormalities. Here, we explored the effects of folate supplementation on gene expression and DNA methylation during C2C12 differentiation. Based on the folic acid concentration, this study comprised three groups: low folate (L), normal folate (N), and high-folate supplement (H). Our analyses revealed that differentiation and the mRNA expression of the gene myogenin in C2C12 cell were enhanced by folic acid; however, the overall methylation percentage in myogenin promoter between different treatment groups was not significantly different ( P > 0.05). The results of MeDIP-chip showed that hundreds of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified between every two groups in both promoter and CpG islands, respectively. Genes with DMRs between N and L groups were mainly enriched in the processes of cell differentiation and cell development, whereas those with DMRs between H and N groups were frequently enriched in cellular process/cycle and cell metabolic processes. In addition, correlation analysis between methylation profile and expression profile revealed that some genes were regulated by methylation status directly. Together, these analyses suggest that folate deficiency and supplementation can influence the differentiation, genome-wide DNA methylation level and the expression of myogenesis-related genes including myogenin in the C2C12 cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- The Central Hospital of Taian, Tai'an, Shandong , China
| | - Miao Guo
- Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong , China
| | - Yuding Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yunliang Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinyi Xing
- School of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong , China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guo X, Ni J, Zhu Y, Zhou T, Ma X, Xue J, Wang X. Folate deficiency induces mitotic aberrations and chromosomal instability by compromising the spindle assembly checkpoint in cultured human colon cells. Mutagenesis 2017; 32:547-560. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Ni
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuqian Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- China Gene Health Management Group, Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jinglun Xue
- China Gene Health Management Group, Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Joseph PV, Abey SK, Henderson WA. Emerging Role of Nutri-Epigenetics in Inflammation and Cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2017; 43:784-788. [PMID: 27768134 DOI: 10.1188/16.onf.784-788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition is a factor involved in inflammation and a modulator of risk toward some cancers, and the complexity of linkages between dietary components and epigenetics mechanisms (e.g., DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling) may affect the inflammation phenotype and the development of cancer. An increasing number of studies support the role of diet in cancer development, prevention, and treatment. Although current knowledge regarding nutri-epigenetics is expanding, more work is needed, and nurse scientists have the potential to significantly contribute to the expansion of this knowledge.
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen L, Ducker GS, Lu W, Teng X, Rabinowitz JD. An LC-MS chemical derivatization method for the measurement of five different one-carbon states of cellular tetrahydrofolate. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5955-5964. [PMID: 28799108 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cofactor tetrahydrofolate (THF) is used to reduce, oxidize, and transfer one-carbon (1C) units required for the synthesis of nucleotides, glycine, and methionine. Measurement of intracellular THF species is complicated by their chemical instability, signal dilution caused by variable polyglutamation, and the potential for interconversion among these species. Here, we describe a method using negative mode liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to measure intracellular folate species from mammalian cells. Application of this method with isotope-labeled substrates revealed abiotic interconversion of THF and methylene-THF, which renders their separate quantitation particularly challenging. Chemical reduction of methylene-THF using deuterated sodium cyanoborohydride traps methylene-THF, which is unstable, as deuterated 5-methyl-THF, which is stable. Together with proper sample handling and LC-MS, this enables effective measurements of five active folate pools (THF, 5-methyl-THF, methylene-THF, methenyl-THF/10-formyl-THF, and 5-formyl-THF) representing the biologically important 1C oxidation states of THF in mammalian cells. Graphical abstract Chemical derivatization with deuterated cyanoborohydride traps unstable methylene-THF as isotope-labeled 5-methyl-THF, enabling accurate quantification by LC-MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Gregory S Ducker
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Wenyun Lu
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Xin Teng
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rhee YY, Kim KJ, Kang GH. CpG Island Methylator Phenotype-High Colorectal Cancers and Their Prognostic Implications and Relationships with the Serrated Neoplasia Pathway. Gut Liver 2017; 11:38-46. [PMID: 27885175 PMCID: PMC5221859 DOI: 10.5009/gnl15535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of a CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) was first introduced by Toyota and Issa to describe a subset of colorectal cancers (CRCs) with concurrent hypermethylation of multiple CpG island loci. The concept of CIMP as a molecular carcinogenesis mechanism was consolidated by the identification of the serrated neoplasia pathway, in which CIMP participates in the initiation and progression of serrated adenomas. Distinct clinicopathological and molecular features of CIMP-high (CIMP-H) CRCs have been characterized, including proximal colon location, older age of onset, female preponderance, and frequent associations of high-level microsatellite instability and BRAF mutations. CIMP-H CRCs arise in sessile or traditional serrated adenomas and thus tend to display the morphological characteristics of serrated adenomas, including epithelial serration, vesicular nuclei, and abundant cytoplasm. Both the frequent association of CIMP and poor prognosis and different responses of CRCs to adjuvant therapy depending on CIMP status indicate clinical implications. In this review, we present an overview of the literature documenting the relevant findings of CIMP-H CRCs and their relationships with the serrated neoplasia pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Young Rhee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ju Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeong Hoon Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang P, Li S, Wang M, He J, Xi S. Association of MTRR A66G polymorphism with cancer susceptibility: Evidence from 85 studies. J Cancer 2017; 8:266-277. [PMID: 28243331 PMCID: PMC5327376 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) is a key regulatory enzyme involved in the folate metabolic pathway. Previous studies investigating the association of MTRR A66G polymorphism with cancer susceptibility reported inconclusive results. We performed the current meta-analysis to obtain a more precise estimation of the possible association. Published literatures were identified from PubMed, Embase and CBM databases up to October 2016. The strength of the association between the MTRR A66G polymorphism and cancer susceptibility was assessed using odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Eighty five published studies with 32,272 cases and 37,427 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results indicated that the MTRR A66G polymorphism was associated with an increased overall cancer risk (homozygous model: OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02-1.15, P = 0.009; recessive model: OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.00-1.12, P < 0.001 and allele comparison: OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00-1.06, P < 0.001). Stratification analysis further indicated significant associations in head and neck cancer, Caucasians, Africans, and high quality studies. However, to avoid the "false-positive report", the significant findings were assessed by the false-positive report probability (FPRP) test. Interestingly, the results of FPRP test revealed that the increased risk for MTRR A66G polymorphism among Africans need further validation due to the high probabilities of false-positive results. This meta-analysis suggests that the MTRR A66G polymorphism is associated with significantly increased cancer risk, a finding that needs to be confirmed in single large studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Medical Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China
| | - Sanqiang Li
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Medical Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Shoumin Xi, The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Medical Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China, Tel.: (+86-379) 64830346, Fax: (+86-379) 64830345, E-mail: ; or Jing He, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China, Tel./Fax: (+86-20) 38076560, E-mail:
| | - Shoumin Xi
- The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Medical Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Shoumin Xi, The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Medical Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China, Tel.: (+86-379) 64830346, Fax: (+86-379) 64830345, E-mail: ; or Jing He, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China, Tel./Fax: (+86-20) 38076560, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Farias N, Ho N, Butler S, Delaney L, Morrison J, Shahrzad S, Coomber BL. The effects of folic acid on global DNA methylation and colonosphere formation in colon cancer cell lines. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:818-26. [PMID: 25804133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Folate and its synthetic form, folic acid (FA), are essential vitamins for the regeneration of S-adenosyl methionine molecules, thereby maintaining adequate cellular methylation. The deregulation of DNA methylation is a contributing factor to carcinogenesis, as alterations in genetic methylation may contribute to stem cell reprogramming and dedifferentiation processes that lead to a cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype. Here, we investigate the potential effects of FA exposure on DNA methylation and colonosphere formation in cultured human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. We show for the first time that HCT116, LS174T, and SW480 cells grown without adequate FA demonstrate significantly impaired colonosphere forming ability with limited changes in CD133, CD166, and EpCAM surface expression. These differences were accompanied by concomitant changes to DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzyme expression and DNA methylation levels, which varied depending on cell line. Taken together, these results demonstrate an interaction between FA metabolism and CSC phenotype in vitro and help elucidate a connection between supplemental FA intake and CRC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Farias
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | - Nelson Ho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | - Stacey Butler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | - Leanne Delaney
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | - Jodi Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | | | - Brenda L Coomber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Quantitative assessment of the association between MS gene polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 70:1943-9. [PMID: 25077679 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating genetic association studies have investigated the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in relation to MS gene polymorphism with uncertain conclusions. In the current study, we sought to assess the association between MS gene and CRC. We performed an updated meta-analysis including 18 case-control studies with a total of 10, 303 CRC patients and 15, 389 CRC-free controls to estimate the strength of the association using odds ratios with the corresponding 95 % confidence intervals. Overall, no CRC risk associated with the genotypes of MS gene polymorphism was indicated in our meta-analysis. Similarly, the stratified analysis according to ethnicity and control source did not show any evident association either. The results of our updated meta-analysis suggest that MS gene polymorphism may not serve as a biomarker for the CRC risk. Future large-scale and well-designed studies are required to clarify the association identified in the present meta-analysis.
Collapse
|
25
|
The interaction between epigenetics, nutrition and the development of cancer. Nutrients 2015; 7:922-47. [PMID: 25647662 PMCID: PMC4344568 DOI: 10.3390/nu7020922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike the genome, the epigenome can be modified and hence some epigenetic risk markers have the potential to be reversed. Such modifications take place by means of drugs, diet or environmental exposures. It is widely accepted that epigenetic modifications take place during early embryonic and primordial cell development, but it is also important that we gain an understanding of the potential for such changes later in life. These “later life” epigenetic modifications in response to dietary intervention are the focus of this paper. The epigenetic modifications investigated include DNA methylation, histone modifications and the influence of microRNAs. The epigenotype could be used not only to predict susceptibility to certain cancers but also to assess the effectiveness of dietary modifications to reduce such risk. The influence of diet or dietary components on epigenetic modifications and the impact on cancer initiation or progression has been assessed herein.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The colorectal mucosal epithelium is composed of rapidly proliferating crypt cells derived by clonal expansion from stem cells. The aging human colorectal mucosa develops aberrant patterns of DNA methylation that may contribute to its increasing vulnerability to cancer. Various types of evidence suggest that age-dependent loss of global methylation, together with hypermethylation of CpG islands associated with cancer-related genes, may be influenced by nutritional and metabolic factors. Folates are essential for the maintenance of normal DNA methylation, and folate metabolism is known to modify epigenetic mechanisms under experimental conditions. Human intervention trials and cross-sectional studies suggest a role for folates and other nutritional and metabolic factors as determinants of colorectal mucosal DNA methylation. Future studies should focus on the possibility that folic acid fortification may exert unforeseen effects on the human gastrointestinal epigenome. Naturally occurring DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in plant foods may be useful for the manipulation of epigenetic profiles in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian T Johnson
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Flatley JE, Sargent A, Kitchener HC, Russell JM, Powers HJ. Tumour suppressor gene methylation and cervical cell folate concentration are determinants of high-risk human papillomavirus persistence: a nested case control study. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:803. [PMID: 25367268 PMCID: PMC4232685 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent infection with one or more high-risk human papillomavirus [HR-HPV] types increases the risk of intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. A nested case–control study was conducted to investigate the importance of cervical cell folate concentration and tumour suppressor gene methylation as risk factors for HR-HPV persistence. Methods Cervical cell samples from 955 women with HR-HPV infection and normal, borderline or mild dyskaryosis were retrieved from the archive of a population-based screening trial. Women were classified as cases or controls, reflecting the presence or absence [respectively] of any HR-HPV infection at a follow-up clinic at least 6 months from baseline. Cervical cell folate concentration and promoter methylation of five tumour suppressor genes were measured in independent samples from cases and controls. Results A higher cervical cell folate concentration [P = 0.015] was an independent predictor of infection at follow-up, together with infection with HPV-16 or infection with multiple HR-HPV types. Methylation of the tumour suppressor gene DAPK was associated with a 2.64-fold [95% CI, 1.35-5.17] increased likelihood of HPV infection whilst CDH1 methylation was associated with a 0.53-fold [95% CI, 0.331-0.844] likelihood of HR-HPV infection at follow-up. When considering women with normal or abnormal cytology, the predictive effect of higher cervical cell folate was only seen in women with mild cytology [P = 0.021]; similarly the effect of DAPK methylation was seen in women with mild or borderline cytology [P < 0.05]. Conclusions Higher cervical cell folate concentration and promoter methylation of the tumour suppressor gene, DAPK, in women with cervical cell dyskaryosis, are associated with increased risk of HR-HPV persistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hilary J Powers
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Agbarya A, Ruimi N, Epelbaum R, Ben-Arye E, Mahajna J. Natural products as potential cancer therapy enhancers: A preclinical update. SAGE Open Med 2014; 2:2050312114546924. [PMID: 26770737 PMCID: PMC4607199 DOI: 10.1177/2050312114546924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease that arises as a consequence of alterations in many physiological processes. Recently, hallmarks of cancer were suggested that include sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis, along with two emerging hallmarks including reprogramming energy metabolism and escaping immune destruction. Treating multifactorial diseases, such as cancer with agents targeting a single target, might provide partial treatment and, in many cases, disappointing cure rates. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that the regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is strongly associated with a reduced risk of developing chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Since ancient times, plants, herbs, and other natural products have been used as healing agents. Moreover, the majority of the medicinal substances available today have their origin in natural compounds. Traditionally, pharmaceuticals are used to cure diseases, and nutrition and herbs are used to prevent disease and to provide an optimal balance of macro- and micro-nutrients needed for good health. We explored the combination of natural products, dietary nutrition, and cancer chemotherapeutics for improving the efficacy of cancer chemotherapeutics and negating side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abed Agbarya
- Thoracic Oncology Clinic, Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nili Ruimi
- Cancer Drug Discovery Program, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Ron Epelbaum
- Thoracic Oncology Clinic, Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eran Ben-Arye
- Complementary and Traditional Medicine Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Integrative Oncology Program, The Oncology Service, Lin Medical center, Clalit Health Services, Haifa and Western Galilee District, Israel
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- Cancer Drug Discovery Program, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Folate intake and the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2014; 17:213-9. [PMID: 24819234 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2014.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence regarding the role of folate on the risk of developing prostate cancer. We performed a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis of folate blood levels and folate intake, and the risk of prostate cancer. Four electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, Embase and Current Contents Connect) were searched to 11 October 2013, with no language restrictions for observational studies that measured folate intake or blood levels and the risk of prostate cancer. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. The dietary folate meta-analysis comprising 11 studies with 15 336 cases and a total sample size of 146 782 found no statistically significant association with prostate cancer, with an OR of 0.97 (95% CI 0.89-1.06). The total folate meta-analysis comprising of 5 studies with 7114 cases and a total sample size of 93 781 also found no statistically significant association with prostate cancer, with an OR of 0.99 (95% CI 0.82-1.19). The blood folate meta-analysis comprising of seven studies with 6122 cases and a total sample size of 10 232 found an increased risk of prostate cancer with high blood folate levels, with an OR of 1.43 (95% CI 1.06-1.93). There was significant heterogeneity (I(2)=79.5%, P<0.01). Removal of an outlier study removed the heterogeneity (I(2)=0.0%, P=0.54) and the association remained significant with an OR of 1.14 (95% CI 1.02-1.28). Dietary and total folate intake do not appear to be significantly associated with the risk of prostate cancer. High blood folate levels are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. These conclusions are limited by the predominance of included studies originating from developed countries with mostly Caucasian populations. Further research in populations with a high prevalence of non-Caucasian backgrounds is needed.
Collapse
|
30
|
Tio M, Andrici J, Eslick GD. Folate intake and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 145:513-24. [PMID: 24777595 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2969-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is conflicting epidemiological evidence on the role of folate and breast cancer risk. We conducted a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis of folate intake and folate blood levels and the risk of breast cancer. Four electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Current Contents Connect) were searched to April 11, 2014, with no language restrictions for observational studies that measured folate intake or blood levels and the risk of breast cancer. The meta-analysis of dietary folate intake comprising 36 studies with 34,602 cases, and a total sample size of 608,265 showed a decreased risk of breast cancer, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.84 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.77-0.91]. When stratified by menopausal status and by study design, none of the meta-analyses of prospective studies showed any statistically significant decrease in the risk of breast cancer. The meta-analysis of total folate showed no statistically significant association with breast cancer OR of 0.98 (95 % CI 0.91-1.07). There was no significant association between either dietary or total folate intake and breast cancer when stratified by hormonal receptor status. The meta-analysis of blood folate levels found no significant association with the risk of breast cancer, with an OR of 0.86 (95 % CI 0.60-1.25). Breast cancer does not appear to be associated with folate intake, and this did not vary by menopausal status or hormonal receptor status. Folate blood levels also do not appear to be associated with breast cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tio
- The Whiteley-Martin Research Centre, The Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Level 5, South Block, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pirouzpanah S, Taleban FA, Mehdipour P, Atri M, Hooshyareh-rad A, Sabour S. The biomarker-based validity of a food frequency questionnaire to assess the intake status of folate, pyridoxine and cobalamin among Iranian primary breast cancer patients. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:316-23. [PMID: 24169462 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Folate, pyridoxine and cobalamin are coenzymatically essential in one-carbon methyl metabolism, and their deficiencies could explain some alterations during breast carcinogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the validity of folate, pyridoxine and cobalamin estimates from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) on the basis of their corresponding fasting plasma biomarkers, in breast cancer (BC) patients. SUBJECTS/METHODS In a prospective, consecutive case series, 149 women with primary BC aged between 30 and 69 years as a representative sample of Iranian women with BC were recruited. The 136-item FFQ was used for the validity assay. Fasting plasma folate and cobalamin were tested by automated electrochemiluminescence. The high-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was used to determine the plasma levels of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) and total homocysteine (tHcy). RESULTS Area under the curve (AUC) for assessing the diagnostic accuracy of folate-related data through an FFQ was 0.74 (P<0.01) in the reference model (folate plasma level<5.9 ng/ml), with sensitivity and specificity of 68% and 63%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were 96.9% and 96.8%, respectively. The AUC for cobalamin intake in the reference model (plasma cobalamin<260 pmol/l) was 0.64 (P<0.01), with 60% sensitivity and 61% specificity. Although tHcy ≥10.0 μmol/l was used as reference indicator, the folate intake (AUC=0.71, P<0.01) and cobalamin intake status (AUC=0.67, P<0.05) were also determined appropriately by FFQ. CONCLUSIONS Dietary folate and cobalamin estimates from FFQ were significantly correlated with their fasting plasma concentrations. Our data supported the validity of new FFQ to rank individuals by dietary intake status of folate and cobalamin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Pirouzpanah
- 1] Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran [2] Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F-A Taleban
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Mehdipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Atri
- Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences/Day General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Hooshyareh-rad
- Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Sabour
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology/Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang YC, Lin WL, Lin YJ, Tang FY, Chen YM, Chiang EPI. A novel role of the tumor suppressor GNMT in cellular defense against DNA damage. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:799-810. [PMID: 23922098 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) is a folate binding protein commonly diminished in human hepatoma yet its role in tumor development remains to be established. GNMT binds to methylfolate but is also inhibited by it; how such interactions affect human carcinogenesis is unclear. We postulated that GNMT plays a role in folate-dependent methyl group homeostasis and helps maintain genome integrity by promoting nucleotide biosynthesis and DNA repair. To test the hypothesis, GNMT was over-expressed in GNMT-null cell lines cultured in conditions of folate abundance or restriction. The partitioning of folate dependent 1-carbon groups was investigated using stable isotopic tracers and GC/MS. DNA damage was assessed as uracil content in cell models, as well as in Gnmt wildtype (Gnmt(+/+)), heterozygote (Gnmt(+/-)) and knockout (Gnmt(-/-)) mice under folate deplete, replete, or supplementation conditions. Our study demonstrated that GMMT 1) supports methylene-folate dependent pyrimidine synthesis; 2) supports formylfolate dependent purine syntheses; 3) minimizes uracil incorporation into DNA when cells and animals were exposed to folate depletion; 4) translocates into nuclei during prolonged folate depletion. In conclusion, loss of GNMT impairs nucleotide biosynthesis. Over-expression of GNMT enhances nucleotide biosynthesis and improves DNA integrity by reducing uracil misincorporation in DNA both in vitro and in vivo. To our best knowledge, the role of GNMT in folate dependent 1-carbon transfer in nucleotide biosynthesis has never been investigated. The present study gives new insights into the underlying mechanism by which GNMT can participate in tumor prevention/suppression in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang YW, Eom SY, Yim DH, Song YJ, Yun HY, Park JS, Youn SJ, Kim BS, Kim YD, Kim H. Evaluation of the relationship between dietary factors, CagA-positive Helicobacter pylori infection, and RUNX3 promoter hypermethylation in gastric cancer tissue. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:1778-1787. [PMID: 23555166 PMCID: PMC3607754 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i11.1778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the relationship among Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, CagA status, and dietary factors with RUNX3 promoter hypermethylation.
METHODS: Gastric cancer tissue samples were collected from 184 South Korean patients. All patients were interviewed following a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The average frequencies of intake and portion sizes of 89 common food items were documented, and total intakes of calories, nutrients, vitamins, and minerals were calculated for each subject. DNA was extracted from gastric cancer tissue samples, and amplification of the HSP60 gene was performed to detect H. pylori infection. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the presence of the CagA gene. RUNX3 gene expression was measured by reverse transcription-PCR, and RUNX3 methylation status was evaluated by methylation-specific PCR. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95%CI associated with RUNX3 promoter hypermethylation status were estimated for each of the food groups, lifestyle factors, and the interaction between dietary and lifestyle factors with CagA status of H. pylori infection.
RESULTS: Overall, 164 patients (89.1%) were positive for H. pylori DNA, with the CagA gene detected in 59 (36%) of these H. pylori-positive samples. In all, 106 (57.6%) patients with gastric cancer demonstrated CpG island hypermethylation at the RUNX3 promoter. RUNX3 expression was undetectable in 52 (43.7%) of the 119 gastric cancer tissues sampled. A high consumption of eggs may increase the risk of RUNX3 methylation in gastric cancer patients, having a mean OR of 2.15 (range, 1.14-4.08). A significantly increased OR of 4.28 (range, 1.19-15.49) was observed with a high consumption of nuts in patients with CagA-positive H. pylori infection. High intakes of carbohydrate, vitamin B1, and vitamin E may decrease the risk of RUNX3 methylation in gastric cancer tissue, particularly in CagA- or H. pylori-negative infection, with OR of 0.41 (0.19-0.90), 0.42 (0.20-0.89), and 0.29 (0.13-0.62), respectively. A high consumption of fruits may protect against RUNX3 methylation.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the CagA status of H. pylori infection may be a modifier of dietary effects on RUNX3 methylation in gastric cancer tissue.
Collapse
|
34
|
Sie KKY, Li J, Ly A, Sohn KJ, Croxford R, Kim YI. Effect of maternal and postweaning folic acid supplementation on global and gene-specific DNA methylation in the liver of the rat offspring. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:677-85. [PMID: 23463647 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Intrauterine and early-life exposure to folic acid has significantly increased in North America owing to folic acid fortification, widespread supplemental use, and periconceptional supplementation. We investigated the effect of maternal and postweaning folic acid supplementation on DNA methylation in the rat offspring. METHODS AND RESULTS Female rats were placed on a control or folic acid-supplemented diet during pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, pups from each maternal diet group were randomized to the control or supplemented diet for 11 weeks. At weaning, maternal folic acid supplementation significantly decreased global (p < 0.001) and site-specific DNA methylation of the Ppar-γ, ER-α, p53, and Apc genes (p < 0.05) in the liver. At 14 weeks of age, postweaning, but not maternal, folic acid supplementation significantly decreased global DNA methylation (p < 0.05). At 14 weeks of age, both maternal and postweaning folic acid supplementation significantly increased DNA methylation of the Ppar-γ, p53, and p16 genes (p < 0.05) whereas only postweaning FA supplementation significantly increased DNA methylation of the ER-α and Apc genes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that maternal and postweaning folic acid supplementation can significantly modulate global and gene-specific DNA methylation in the rat offspring. The functional ramifications of the observed DNA methylation changes need to be determined in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen K Y Sie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Breast cancer incidence is rising worldwide with an increase in aggressive neoplasias in young women. Possible factors involved include lifestyle changes, notably diet that is known to make an impact on gene transcription. However, among dietary factors, there is sufficient support for only greater body weight and alcohol consumption whereas numerous studies revealing an impact of specific diets and nutrients on breast cancer risk show conflicting results. Also, little information is available from middle- and low-income countries. The diversity of gene expression profiles found in breast cancers indicates that transcription control is critical for the outcome of the disease. This suggests the need for studies on nutrients that affect epigenetic mechanisms of transcription, such as DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones. In the present review, a new examination of the relationship between diet and breast cancer based on transcription control is proposed in light of epidemiological, animal and clinical studies. The mechanisms underlying the impact of diets on breast cancer development and factors that impede reaching clear conclusions are discussed. Understanding the interaction between nutrition and epigenetics (gene expression control via chromatin structure) is critical in light of the influence of diet during early stages of mammary gland development on breast cancer risk, suggesting a persistent effect on gene expression as shown by the influence of certain nutrients on DNA methylation. Successful development of breast cancer prevention strategies will require appropriate models, identification of biological markers for rapid assessment of preventive interventions, and coordinated worldwide research to discern the effects of diet.
Collapse
|
36
|
Charles MA, Johnson IT, Belshaw NJ. Supra-physiological folic acid concentrations induce aberrant DNA methylation in normal human cells in vitro. Epigenetics 2012; 7:689-94. [PMID: 22617627 DOI: 10.4161/epi.20461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The micronutrients folate and selenium may modulate DNA methylation patterns by affecting intracellular levels of the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and/or the product of methylation reactions S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). WI-38 fibroblasts and FHC colon epithelial cells were cultured in the presence of two forms of folate or four forms of selenium at physiologically-relevant doses, and their effects on LINE-1 methylation, gene-specific CpG island (CGI) methylation and intracellular SAM:SAH were determined. At physiologically-relevant doses the forms of folate or selenium had no effect on LINE-1 or CGI methylation, nor on intracellular SAM:SAH. However the commercial cell culture media used for the selenium studies, containing supra-physiological concentrations of folic acid, induced LINE-1 hypomethylation, CGI hypermethylation and decreased intracellular SAM:SAH in both cell lines. We conclude that the exposure of normal human cells to supra-physiological folic acid concentrations present in commercial cell culture media perturbs the intracellular SAM:SAH ratio and induces aberrant DNA methylation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhou D, Mei Q, Luo H, Tang B, Yu P. The polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, methionine synthase, methionine synthase reductase, and the risk of colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:819-30. [PMID: 22719222 PMCID: PMC3372886 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism may modulate the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but data from published studies are conflicting. The current meta-analysis was performed to address a more accurate estimation. A total of 41 (17,552 cases and 26,238 controls), 24(8,263 cases and 12,033 controls), 12(3,758 cases and 5,646 controls), and 13 (5,511 cases and 7,265 controls) studies were finally included for the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1289C, methione synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G, methionine synthase (MTR) A2756G polymorphisms and the risk of CRC, respectively. The data showed that the MTHFR 677T allele was significantly associated with reduced risk of CRC (OR = 0.93, 95%CI 0.90-0.96), while the MTRR 66G allele was significantly associated with increased risk of CRC (OR = 1.11, 95%CI 1.01-1.18). Sub-group analysis by ethnicity revealed that MTHFR C677T polymorphism was significantly associated with reduced risk of CRC in Asians (OR = 0.80, 95%CI 0.72-0.89) and Caucasians (OR = 0.84, 95%CI 0.76-0.93) in recessive genetic model, while the MTRR 66GG genotype was found to significantly increase the risk of CRC in Caucasians (GG vs. AA: OR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.03-1.36). No significant association was found between MTHFR A1298C and MTR A2756G polymorphisms and the risk of CRC. Cumulative meta-analysis showed no particular time trend existed in the summary estimate. Probability of publication bias was low across all comparisons illustrated by the funnel plots and Egger's test. Collectively, this meta-analysis suggested that MTHFR 677T allele might provide protection against CRC in worldwide populations, while MTRR 66G allele might increase the risk of CRC in Caucasians. Since potential confounders could not be ruled out completely, further studies were needed to confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daijun Zhou
- 4th team of Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang YC, Chiang EPI. Low-dose methotrexate inhibits methionine S-adenosyltransferase in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med 2012; 18:423-32. [PMID: 22193356 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine S-adenosyltransferase (MAT) catalyzes the only reaction that produces the major methyl donor in mammals. Low-dose methotrexate is the most commonly used disease-modifying antirheumatic drug in human rheumatic conditions. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that methotrexate inhibits MAT expression and activity in vitro and in vivo. HepG2 cells were cultured under folate restriction or in low-dose methotrexate with and without folate or methionine supplementation. Male C57BL/6J mice received methotrexate regimens that reflected low-dose clinical use in humans. S-adenosylmethionine and MAT genes, proteins and enzyme activity levels were determined. We found that methionine or folate supplementation greatly improved S-adenosylmethionine in folate-depleted cells but not in cells preexposed to methotrexate. Methotrexate but not folate depletion suppressed MAT genes, proteins and activity in vitro. Low-dose methotrexate inhibited MAT1A and MAT2A genes, MATI/II/III proteins and MAT enzyme activities in mouse tissues. Concurrent folinate supplementation with methotrexate ameliorated MAT2A reduction and restored S-adenosylmethionine in HepG2 cells. However, posttreatment folinate rescue failed to restore MAT2A reduction or S-adenosylmethionine level in cells preexposed to methotrexate. Our results provide both in vitro and in vivo evidence that low-dose methotrexate inhibits MAT genes, proteins, and enzyme activity independent of folate depletion. Because polyglutamated methotrexate stays in the hepatocytes, if methotrexate inhibits MAT in the liver, then the efficacy of clinical folinate rescue with respect to maintaining hepatic S-adenosylmethionine synthesis and normalizing the methylation reactions would be limited. These findings raise concerns on perturbed methylation reactions in humans on low-dose methotrexate. Future studies on the clinical physiological consequences of MAT inhibition by methotrexate and the potential benefits of S-adenosylmethionine supplementation on methyl group homeostasis in clinical methotrexate therapies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Epigenetic changes may be causal in the ageing process and may be influenced by diet, providing opportunities to improve health in later life. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of several areas of research relevant to this topic and to explore a hypothesis relating to a possible role of epigenetic effects, mediated by sirtuin 1, in the beneficial effects of dietary restriction, including increased lifespan. Epigenetic features of ageing include changes in DNA methylation, both globally and at specific loci, which differ between individuals. A major focus of research on dietary influences on epigenetic status has been on nutrition in utero, because the epigenome is probably particularly malleable during this life-course window and because epigenetic marking by early exposures is a compelling mechanism underlying effects on lifelong health. We explore the potential of diet during adulthood, including the practice of dietary restriction, to affect the epigenetic architecture. We report progress with respect to deriving data to support our hypothesis that sirtuin 1 may mediate some of the effects of dietary restriction through effects on DNA methylation and note observations that resveratrol affects DNA methylation and other epigenetic features. Disentangling cause and effect in the context of epigenetic change and ageing is a challenge and requires better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and also the development of more refined experimental tools to manipulate the epigenetic architecture, to facilitate hypothesis-driven research to elucidate these links and thus to exploit them to improve health across the full life-course through dietary measures.
Collapse
|
40
|
Chang H, Zhang T, Zhang Z, Bao R, Fu C, Wang Z, Bao Y, Li Y, Wu L, Zheng X, Wu J. Tissue-specific distribution of aberrant DNA methylation associated with maternal low-folate status in human neural tube defects. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 22:1172-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
41
|
Jokić M, Brčić-Kostić K, Stefulj J, Ivković TC, Božo L, Gamulin M, Kapitanović S. Association of MTHFR, MTR, MTRR, RFC1, and DHFR Gene Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Sporadic Colon Cancer. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 30:771-6. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Jokić
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jasminka Stefulj
- Laboratorie of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tina Catela Ivković
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lončar Božo
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Gamulin
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Kapitanović
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Azzariti A, Quatrale AE, Porcelli L, Colabufo NA, Cantore M, Cassano G, Gasparre G, Iannelli G, Tommasi S, Panaro MA, Paradiso A. MC70 potentiates doxorubicin efficacy in colon and breast cancer in vitro treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:74-84. [PMID: 21925160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A major limitation of cancer treatment is the ability of cancer cells to develop resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, by the establishment of multidrug resistance. Here, we characterize MC70 as ABC transporters inhibitor and anticancer agent, alone or with chemotherapy. MC70 was analyzed for its interaction with ABCB1, ABCG2 and ABCC1 by specific transport assays. In breast and colon cancer cell lines, cell growth and apoptosis were measured by MTT assay and DNA laddering Elisa kit, respectively. Cell cycle perturbation and cellular targets modulation were analyzed by Flow-cytometry and Western blotting, respectively. MC70 interacted with ABC transporters. In breast cancer cells, MC70 slightly inhibited cell proliferation strongly enhancing doxorubicin effectiveness. By contrast, MC70 was found to inhibit cell growth in colon cancer cells without affecting doxorubicin efficacy and in combination with topoisomerase I inhibitors it could be a promising therapeutic approach. What is more, it was also observed that MC70 induced apoptosis, canceled in favor of necrosis when given in combination with high doses of doxorubicin. MC70 inhibited cell migration probably through its interaction with sigma-1 receptor. Modulations of i) cell cycle, ii) pAkt and the phosphorylation of the three MAPKs were highlighted, while any activity was excluded at transcription level, thus accounting for the phenotypic effects observed. MC70 might be considered as a new potential anticancer agent capable to i) enhance chemotherapy effectiveness and ii) to play a contributory role in the treatment of chemotherapy resistant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Azzariti
- Clinical Experimental Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang YC, Tang FY, Chen SY, Chen YM, Chiang EPI. Glycine-N methyltransferase expression in HepG2 cells is involved in methyl group homeostasis by regulating transmethylation kinetics and DNA methylation. J Nutr 2011; 141:777-82. [PMID: 21411609 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.135954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine-N methyltransferase (GNMT) is a potential tumor suppressor that is commonly inactivated in human hepatoma. We systematically investigated how GNMT regulates methyl group kinetics and global DNA methylation. HepG2 cells (GNMT inactive, GNMT-) and cells transfected with GNMT expressed vector (GNMT+) were cultured in low (10 μmol/L), adequate (100 μmol/L), or high (500 μmol/L) l-methionine, each with 2.27 μmol/L folate. Transmethylation kinetics were studied using stable isotopic tracers and GC-MS. Methylation status was determined by S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) levels, SAM:SAH ratio, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity, and methylated cytidine levels in DNA. Compared with GNMT- cells, GNMT+ cells had lower homocysteine and greater cysteine concentrations. GNMT expression increased methionine clearance by inducing homocysteine transsulfuration and remethylation metabolic fluxes when cells were cultured in high or adequate l-methionine. In contrast, homocysteine remethylation flux was lower in GNMT+ cells than in GNMT- cells and homocysteine transsulfuration fluxes did not differ when cells were cultured in low methionine, suggesting that normal GNMT function helps to conserve methyl groups. Furthermore, GNMT expression decreased SAM and increased SAH levels and reduced DNMT activity in high or adequate, but not low, methionine cultures. In low methionine cultures, restoring GNMT in HepG2 cells did not lead to sarcosine synthesis, which would waste methyl groups. Methylated cytidine levels were significantly lower in GNMT- cells than in GNMT+ cells. In conclusion, we have shown that GNMT affects transmethylation kinetics and SAM synthesis and facilitates the conservation of methyl groups by limiting homocysteine remethylation fluxes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Duthie SJ. Folate and cancer: how DNA damage, repair and methylation impact on colon carcinogenesis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2011; 34:101-9. [PMID: 20544289 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate diet may contribute to one third of cancer deaths. Folates, a group of water-soluble B vitamins present in high concentrations in green, leafy vegetables, maintain DNA stability through their ability to donate one-carbon units for cellular metabolism. Folate deficiency has been implicated in the development of several cancers, including cancer of the colorectum, breast, ovary, pancreas, brain, lung and cervix. Generally, data from the majority of human studies suggest that people who habitually consume the highest level of folate, or with the highest blood folate concentrations, have a significantly reduced risk of developing colon polyps or cancer. However, an entirely protective role for folate against carcinogenesis has been questioned, and recent data indicate that an excessive intake of synthetic folic acid (from high-dose supplements or fortified foods) may increase human cancers by accelerating growth of precancerous lesions. Nonetheless, on balance, evidence from the majority of human studies indicates that dietary folate is genoprotective against colon cancer. Suboptimal folate status in humans is widespread. Folate maintains genomic stability by regulating DNA biosynthesis, repair and methylation. Folate deficiency induces and accelerates carcinogenesis by perturbing each of these processes. This review presents recent evidence describing how these mechanisms act, and interact, to modify colon cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Duthie
- Nutrition and Epigenetics Group, Division of Vascular Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang YC, Chen YM, Lin YJ, Liu SP, Chiang EPI. GNMT expression increases hepatic folate contents and folate-dependent methionine synthase-mediated homocysteine remethylation. Mol Med 2011; 17:486-94. [PMID: 21210071 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) is a major hepatic enzyme that converts S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine while generating sarcosine from glycine, hence it can regulate mediating methyl group availability in mammalian cells. GNMT is also a major hepatic folate binding protein that binds to, and, subsequently, may be inhibited by 5-methyltetrafolate. GNMT is commonly diminished in human hepatoma; yet its role in cellular folate metabolism, in tumorigenesis and antifolate therapies, is not understood completely. In the present study, we investigated the impacts of GNMT expression on cell growth, folate status, methylfolate-dependent reactions and antifolate cytotoxicity. GNMT-diminished hepatoma cell lines transfected with GNMT were cultured under folate abundance or restriction. Folate-dependent homocysteine remethylation fluxes were investigated using stable isotopic tracers and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Folate status was compared between wild-type (WT), GNMT transgenic (GNMT(tg)) and GNMT knockout (GNMT(ko)) mice. In the cell model, GNMT expression increased folate concentration, induced folate-dependent homocysteine remethylation, and reduced antifolate methotrexate cytotoxicity. In the mouse models, GNMT(tg) had increased hepatic folate significantly, whereas GNMT(ko) had reduced folate. Liver folate levels correlated well with GNMT expressions (r = 0.53, P = 0.002); and methionine synthase expression was reduced significantly in GNMT(ko), demonstrating impaired methylfolate-dependent metabolism by GNMT deletion. In conclusion, we demonstrated novel findings that restoring GNMT assists methylfolate-dependent reactions and ameliorates the consequences of folate depletion. GNMT expression in vivo improves folate retention and bioavailability in the liver. Studies on how GNMT expression impacts the distribution of different folate cofactors and the regulation of specific folate dependent reactions are underway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Curtin K, Samowitz WS, Ulrich CM, Wolff RK, Herrick JS, Caan BJ, Slattery ML. Nutrients in folate-mediated, one-carbon metabolism and the risk of rectal tumors in men and women. Nutr Cancer 2011; 63:357-66. [PMID: 21462086 PMCID: PMC3127576 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.535965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In an investigation of rectal tumors characterized by CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), KRAS2 mutation, and TP53 mutation, we examined associations with dietary and supplemental folate, riboflavin, vitamins B(6) and B(12), and methionine, nutrients involved in folate-mediated 1-carbon metabolism. We also examined folate intake and common MTHFR polymorphisms in relation to CIMP. Data from a population-based study of 951 cases (750 with tumor markers) and 1,205 controls were evaluated using multiple logistic regression models and generalized estimating equations. Reduced risk of methylated tumors was suggested in women with the upper tertile of folate intake (≥0.42 mg/day) vs. the lower tertile: OR = 0.6, 95%CI = 0.3-1.2. In men, a significant 3-fold increased risk of CIMP+ tumor was observed for the upper tertile of folate (≥0.75 mg/day) vs. the lower tertile (<0.44 mg/day): OR = 3.2, 95%CI = 1.5-6.7. These men consumed a greater proportion of folic acid fortified foods relative to natural, primarily plant-based sources (52% vs. 48%) than women with CIMP+ tumors (22% vs. 78%). MTHFR 1298A>C influenced folate in male CIMP+ risk (P interaction < 0.01). Our findings suggest folate supplementation effects may differ between genders, perhaps due to variation in MTHFR and/or endogenous/exogenous hormones, and may be important in the initiation and progression of methylated rectal tumors in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Curtin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ly A, Lee H, Chen J, Sie KKY, Renlund R, Medline A, Sohn KJ, Croxford R, Thompson LU, Kim YI. Effect of Maternal and Postweaning Folic Acid Supplementation on Mammary Tumor Risk in the Offspring. Cancer Res 2010; 71:988-97. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
48
|
Abstract
Epigenetic changes are inherited alterations in DNA that affect gene expression and function without altering the DNA sequence. DNA methylation is one epigenetic process implicated in human disease that is influenced by diet. DNA methylation involves addition of a 1-C moiety to cytosine groups in DNA. Methylated genes are not transcribed or are transcribed at a reduced rate. Global under-methylation (hypomethylation) and site-specific over-methylation (hypermethylation) are common features of human tumours. DNA hypomethylation, leading to increased expression of specific proto-oncogenes (e.g. genes involved in proliferation or metastasis) can increase the risk of cancer as can hypermethylation and reduced expression of tumour suppressor (TS) genes (e.g. DNA repair genes). DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), together with the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), facilitate DNA methylation. Abnormal DNA methylation is implicated not only in the development of human cancer but also in CVD. Polyphenols, a group of phytochemicals consumed in significant amounts in the human diet, effect risk of cancer. Flavonoids from tea, soft fruits and soya are potent inhibitors of DNMT in vitro, capable of reversing hypermethylation and reactivating TS genes. Folates, a group of water-soluble B vitamins found in high concentration in green leafy vegetables, regulate DNA methylation through their ability to generate SAM. People who habitually consume the lowest level of folate or with the lowest blood folate concentrations have a significantly increased risk of developing several cancers and CVD. This review describes how flavonoids and folates in the human diet alter DNA methylation and may modify the risk of human colon cancer and CVD.
Collapse
|
49
|
Thornburg KL, Shannon J, Thuillier P, Turker MS. In utero life and epigenetic predisposition for disease. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2010; 71:57-78. [PMID: 20933126 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-380864-6.00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory regions of the human genome can be modified through epigenetic processes during prenatal life to make an individual more likely to suffer chronic diseases when they reach adulthood. The modification of chromatin and DNA contributes to a larger well-documented process known as "programming" whereby stressors in the womb give rise to adult onset diseases, including cancer. It is now well known that death from ischemic heart disease is related to birth weight; the lower the birth weight, the higher the risk of death from cardiovascular disease as well as type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis. Recent epidemiological data link rapid growth in the womb to metabolic disease and obesity and also to breast and lung cancers. There is increasing evidence that "marked" regions of DNA can become "unmarked" under the influence of dietary nutrients. This gives hope for reversing propensities for cancers and other diseases that were acquired in the womb. For several cancers, the size and shape of the placenta are associated with a person's cardiovascular and cancer risks as are maternal body mass index and height. The features of placental growth and nutrient transport properties that lead to adult disease have been little studied. In conclusion, several cancers have their origins in the womb, including lung and breast cancer. More research is needed to determine the epigenetic processes that underlie the programming of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kent L Thornburg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
The effect of folate status on the uptake of physiologically relevant compounds by Caco-2 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 640:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|