1
|
Ghosh S, Ghosh R, Sawoo R, Dutta P, Bishayi B. Impact of dual neutralization of TNF-α and IL-1β along with Gentamicin treatment on the functions of blood and splenic neutrophils and its role on improvement of S. aureus induced septic arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110766. [PMID: 37572502 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Researches of recent past years have emphasized potential of antibiotics to improve septic arthritis but as multi-drug resistant strains like MRSA are emerging fast, new alternative therapeutic advances are high in demand. This study aims to figure out the role of neutrophils in regulating inflammatory responses of S. aureus induced septic arthritis while using TNF-α Ab or IL-1β Ab along with antibiotic gentamicin or both in combination. In this study, role of anti-oxidant enzymes were investigated and correlated with generated ROS level. While expression of TLR2, TNFR2, MMP2, RANKL, SAPK/JNK in the spleen were evaluated through western blot. Serum activity of IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, OPG, OPN, CRP was assessed using ELISA. Flow cytometry study evaluated inflamed neutrophil population. Results have shown TNF-α neutralization along with gentamicin was able to reduce arthritic swelling prominently. While combination therapy effectively reduced blood neutrophil ROS activity, arginase activity, MPO activity along with spleen bacterial burden. Serum OPG, CRP, IL-10 level got reduced while serum OPN, IL-8 and IL-12 level enhanced in treatment groups, showing mitigation of inflammatory damage. Overall, it is a novel work that observed how antibiotic and antibody therapy enhanced neutrophil function positively to combat sepsis. This study may not be fully applicable in clinical trials as it is performed with animal model. Clinical trials include crystalline and inflammatory arthritides, trauma, neoplasm. Interdisciplinary collaboration between radiology, orthopaedic surgery and knowledge of animal system responses may give better idea to find proper therapeutic approach in future research works.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Rituparna Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritasha Sawoo
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Puja Dutta
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sepand MR, Aghsami M, Keshvadi MH, Bigdelou B, Behzad R, Zanganeh S, Shadboorestan A. The role of macrophage polarization and function in environmental toxicant-induced cancers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110933. [PMID: 33689818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a critical member of the innate immune system and can intensify tumor invasiveness and assist the growth of neoplastic cells. Moreover, they have the capability to reinforce immunosuppression and angiogenesis. Various investigations suggest that health-related issues, including inflammatory disorders and neoplastic diseases may be caused by environmental toxicant exposure. However, it is still unclear what role these environmental toxicants play in causing carcinogenesis by disturbing the mechanisms of migration, polarization, differentiation, and immune-stimulatory functions of macrophages. Accordingly, in this article, we will explore the interaction between environmental chemicals and inflammatory macrophage processes at the molecular level and their association with tumor progression and carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Sepand
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA
| | - Mehdi Aghsami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Keshvadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Bigdelou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA
| | - Ramina Behzad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA
| | - Steven Zanganeh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA.
| | - Amir Shadboorestan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fritsche E, Haarmann-Stemmann T, Kapr J, Galanjuk S, Hartmann J, Mertens PR, Kämpfer AAM, Schins RPF, Tigges J, Koch K. Stem Cells for Next Level Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006252. [PMID: 33354870 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The call for a paradigm change in toxicology from the United States National Research Council in 2007 initiates awareness for the invention and use of human-relevant alternative methods for toxicological hazard assessment. Simple 2D in vitro systems may serve as first screening tools, however, recent developments infer the need for more complex, multicellular organotypic models, which are superior in mimicking the complexity of human organs. In this review article most critical organs for toxicity assessment, i.e., skin, brain, thyroid system, lung, heart, liver, kidney, and intestine are discussed with regards to their functions in health and disease. Embracing the manifold modes-of-action how xenobiotic compounds can interfere with physiological organ functions and cause toxicity, the need for translation of such multifaceted organ features into the dish seems obvious. Currently used in vitro methods for toxicological applications and ongoing developments not yet arrived in toxicity testing are discussed, especially highlighting the potential of models based on embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells of human origin. Finally, the application of innovative technologies like organs-on-a-chip and genome editing point toward a toxicological paradigm change moves into action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Fritsche
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | | | - Julia Kapr
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Saskia Galanjuk
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Julia Hartmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Peter R Mertens
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
| | - Angela A M Kämpfer
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Julia Tigges
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Katharina Koch
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Myeloperoxidase: Mechanisms, reactions and inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 218:107685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
5
|
Davies MJ, Hawkins CL. The Role of Myeloperoxidase in Biomolecule Modification, Chronic Inflammation, and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:957-981. [PMID: 31989833 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The release of myeloperoxidase (MPO) by activated leukocytes is critical in innate immune responses. MPO produces hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and other strong oxidants, which kill bacteria and other invading pathogens. However, MPO also drives the development of numerous chronic inflammatory pathologies, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disease, lung disease, arthritis, cancer, and kidney disease, which are globally responsible for significant patient mortality and morbidity. Recent Advances: The development of imaging approaches to precisely identify the localization of MPO and the molecular targets of HOCl in vivo is an important advance, as typically the involvement of MPO in inflammatory disease has been inferred by its presence, together with the detection of biomarkers of HOCl, in biological fluids or diseased tissues. This will provide valuable information in regard to the cell types responsible for releasing MPO in vivo, together with new insight into potential therapeutic opportunities. Critical Issues: Although there is little doubt as to the value of MPO inhibition as a protective strategy to mitigate tissue damage during chronic inflammation in experimental models, the impact of long-term inhibition of MPO as a therapeutic strategy for human disease remains uncertain, in light of the potential effects on innate immunity. Future Directions: The development of more targeted MPO inhibitors or a treatment regimen designed to reduce MPO-associated host tissue damage without compromising pathogen killing by the innate immune system is therefore an important future direction. Similarly, a partial MPO inhibition strategy may be sufficient to maintain adequate bacterial activity while decreasing the propagation of inflammatory pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Clare L Hawkins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Casey SC, Vaccari M, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Amedei A, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Brown DG, Chapellier M, Christopher J, Curran CS, Forte S, Hamid RA, Heneberg P, Koch DC, Krishnakumar PK, Laconi E, Maguer-Satta V, Marongiu F, Memeo L, Mondello C, Raju J, Roman J, Roy R, Ryan EP, Ryeom S, Salem HK, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Soucek L, Vermeulen L, Whitfield JR, Woodrick J, Colacci A, Bisson WH, Felsher DW. The effect of environmental chemicals on the tumor microenvironment. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S160-83. [PMID: 26106136 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Potentially carcinogenic compounds may cause cancer through direct DNA damage or through indirect cellular or physiological effects. To study possible carcinogens, the fields of endocrinology, genetics, epigenetics, medicine, environmental health, toxicology, pharmacology and oncology must be considered. Disruptive chemicals may also contribute to multiple stages of tumor development through effects on the tumor microenvironment. In turn, the tumor microenvironment consists of a complex interaction among blood vessels that feed the tumor, the extracellular matrix that provides structural and biochemical support, signaling molecules that send messages and soluble factors such as cytokines. The tumor microenvironment also consists of many host cellular effectors including multipotent stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cell precursors, antigen-presenting cells, lymphocytes and innate immune cells. Carcinogens can influence the tumor microenvironment through effects on epithelial cells, the most common origin of cancer, as well as on stromal cells, extracellular matrix components and immune cells. Here, we review how environmental exposures can perturb the tumor microenvironment. We suggest a role for disrupting chemicals such as nickel chloride, Bisphenol A, butyltins, methylmercury and paraquat as well as more traditional carcinogens, such as radiation, and pharmaceuticals, such as diabetes medications, in the disruption of the tumor microenvironment. Further studies interrogating the role of chemicals and their mixtures in dose-dependent effects on the tumor microenvironment could have important general mechanistic implications for the etiology and prevention of tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Casey
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, 13110 Safat, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy, Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Centre De Recherche En Cancerologie De Lyon, U1052-UMR5286, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia, Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic, Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia, Department of Science and Biomedical Technology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy, Pathology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA, Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, 13110 Safat, Kuwait
| | | | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Marion Chapellier
- Centre De Recherche En Cancerologie De Lyon, U1052-UMR5286, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Joseph Christopher
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK
| | - Colleen S Curran
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel C Koch
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, 13110 Safat, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy, Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Centre De Recherche En Cancerologie De Lyon, U1052-UMR5286, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia, Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic, Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia, Department of Science and Biomedical Technology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy, Pathology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA, Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
| | - P K Krishnakumar
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezio Laconi
- Department of Science and Biomedical Technology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Veronique Maguer-Satta
- Centre De Recherche En Cancerologie De Lyon, U1052-UMR5286, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Fabio Marongiu
- Department of Science and Biomedical Technology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Pathology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Jesse Roman
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Sandra Ryeom
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Laura Soucek
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan R Whitfield
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - William H Bisson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, and
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
van Berlo D, Hullmann M, Schins RPF. Toxicology of ambient particulate matter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 101:165-217. [PMID: 22945570 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that inhalation exposure to particulate matter (PM) can lead to or exacerbate various diseases, which are not limited to the lung but extend to the cardiovascular system and possibly other organs and tissues. Epidemiological studies have provided strong evidence for associations with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, bronchitis and cardiovascular disease, while the evidence for a link with lung cancer is less strong. Novel research has provided first hints that exposure to PM might lead to diabetes and central nervous system (CNS) pathology. In the current review, an overview is presented of the toxicological basis for adverse health effects that have been linked to PM inhalation. Oxidative stress and inflammation are discussed as central processes driving adverse effects; in addition, profibrotic and allergic processes are implicated in PM-related diseases. Effects of PM on key cell types considered as regulators of inflammatory, fibrotic and allergic mechanisms are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damiën van Berlo
- Particle Research, Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schults MA, Oligschlaeger Y, Godschalk RW, Van Schooten FJ, Chiu RK. Loss of VHL in RCC Reduces Repair and Alters Cellular Response to Benzo[a]pyrene. Front Oncol 2013; 3:270. [PMID: 24195061 PMCID: PMC3809518 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene occur in the majority of sporadic renal-cell carcinomas (RCC). Loss of VHL function is associated with stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα). We and others demonstrated that there is a two-way interaction between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which is an important mediator in the metabolic activation and detoxification of carcinogens, and the HIF1-pathway leading to an increased genetic instability when both pathways are simultaneously activated. The aim of this study was to investigate how environmental carcinogens, such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), which can be metabolically activated to BaP-7,8-diOH-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) play a role in the etiology of RCC. We exposed VHL-deficient RCC4 cells, in which HIFα is stabilized regardless of oxygen tension, to 0.1 μM BaP for 18 h. The mutagenic BPDE-DNA adduct levels were increased in HIFα stabilized cells. Using qRT-PCR, we demonstrated that absence of VHL significantly induced the mRNA levels of AhR downstream target CYP1A1. Furthermore, HPLC analysis indicated that loss of VHL increased the concentration of BaP-7,8-dihydroxydiol, the pre-cursor metabolite of BPDE. Interestingly, the capacity to repair BPDE-DNA adducts in the HIFα stabilized RCC4 cells, was markedly reduced. Taken together, these data indicate that loss of VHL affects BaP-mediated genotoxic responses in RCC and decreases repair capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marten A Schults
- Department of Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hayes J, Kirf D, Garvey M, Rowan N. Disinfection and toxicological assessments of pulsed UV and pulsed-plasma gas-discharge treated-water containing the waterborne protozoan enteroparasite Cryptosporidium parvum. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 94:325-37. [PMID: 23892042 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We report for the first time on the comparative use of pulsed-plasma gas-discharge (PPGD) and pulsed UV light (PUV) for the novel destruction of the waterborne enteroparasite Cryptosporidium parvum. It also describes the first cyto-, geno- and ecotoxicological assays undertaken to assess the safety of water decontaminated using PPGD and PUV. During PPGD treatments, the application of high voltage pulses (16 kV, 10 pps) to gas-injected water (N2 or O2, flow rate 2.5L/min) resulted in the formation of a plasma that generated free radicals, ultraviolet light, acoustic shock waves and electric fields that killed ca. 4 log C. parvum oocysts in 32 min exposure. Findings showed that PPGD-treated water produced significant cytotoxic properties (as determined by MTT and neutral red assays), genotoxic properties (as determined by comet and Ames assays), and ecotoxic properties (as determined by Microtox™, Thamnotox™ and Daphnotox™ assays) that are representative of different trophic levels in aquatic environment (p<0.05). Depending in part on the type of injected gas used, PPGD-treated water became either alkaline (pH ≤ 8.58, using O2) or acidic (pH ≥ 3.21, using N2) and contained varying levels of reactive free radicals such as ozone (0.8 mg/L) and/or dissociated nitric and nitrous acid that contributed to the observed disinfection and toxicity. Chemical analysis of PPGD-treated water revealed increasing levels of electrode metals that were present at ≤ 30 times the tolerated respective values for EU drinking water. PUV-treated water did not exhibit any toxicity and was shown to be far superior to that of PPGD for killing C. parvum oocysts taking only 90 s of pulsing [UV dose of 6.29 μJ/cm(2)] to produce a 4-log reduction compared to a similar reduction level achieved after 32min PPGD treatment as determined by combined in vitro CaCo-2 cell culture-qPCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hayes
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Athlone, Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Etemadi A, Islami F, Phillips DH, Godschalk R, Golozar A, Kamangar F, Malekshah AFT, Pourshams A, Elahi S, Ghojaghi F, Strickland PT, Taylor PR, Boffetta P, Abnet CC, Dawsey SM, Malekzadeh R, van Schooten FJ. Variation in PAH-related DNA adduct levels among non-smokers: the role of multiple genetic polymorphisms and nucleotide excision repair phenotype. Int J Cancer 2013; 132:2738-47. [PMID: 23175176 PMCID: PMC3597757 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) likely play a role in many cancers even in never-smokers. We tried to find a model to explain the relationship between variation in PAH-related DNA adduct levels among people with similar exposures, multiple genetic polymorphisms in genes related to metabolic and repair pathways, and nucleotide excision repair (NER) capacity. In 111 randomly selected female never-smokers from the Golestan Cohort Study in Iran, we evaluated 21 SNPs in 14 genes related to xenobiotic metabolism and 12 SNPs in eight DNA repair genes. NER capacity was evaluated by a modified comet assay, and aromatic DNA adduct levels were measured in blood by32P-postlabeling. Multivariable regression models were compared by Akaike's information criterion (AIC). Aromatic DNA adduct levels ranged between 1.7 and 18.6 per 10(8) nucleotides (mean: 5.8 ± 3.1). DNA adduct level was significantly lower in homozygotes for NAT2 slow alleles and ERCC5 non-risk-allele genotype, and was higher in the MPO homozygote risk-allele genotype. The sum of risk alleles in these genes significantly correlated with the log-adduct level (r = 0.4, p < 0.001). Compared with the environmental model, adding Phase I SNPs and NER capacity provided the best fit, and could explain 17% more of the variation in adduct levels. NER capacity was affected by polymorphisms in the MTHFR and ERCC1 genes. Female non-smokers in this population had PAH-related DNA adduct levels three to four times higher than smokers and occupationally-exposed groups in previous studies, with large inter-individual variation which could best be explained by a combination of Phase I genes and NER capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Etemadi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schults MA, Nagle PW, Rensen SS, Godschalk RW, Munnia A, Peluso M, Claessen SM, Greve JW, Driessen A, Verdam FJ, Buurman WA, van Schooten FJ, Chiu RK. Decreased nucleotide excision repair in steatotic livers associates with myeloperoxidase-immunoreactivity. Mutat Res 2012; 736:75-81. [PMID: 22100520 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is characterized by the influx of neutrophils and is associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA. Oxidative DNA damage is generally thought to be involved in the increased risk of cancer in inflamed tissues. We previously demonstrated that activated neutrophil mediated oxidative stress results in a reduction in nucleotide excision repair (NER) capacity, which could further enhance mutagenesis. Inflammation and oxidative stress are critical factors in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease that is linked with enhanced liver cancer risk. In this report, we therefore evaluated the role of neutrophils and the associated oxidative stress in damage recognition and DNA repair in steatotic livers of 35 severely obese subjects with either nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (n=17) or steatosis alone (n=18). The neutrophilic influx in liver was assessed by myeloperoxidase (MPO) staining and the amount of oxidative DNA damage by measuring M(1)dG adducts. No differences in M(1)dG adduct levels were observed between patients with or without NASH and also not between individuals with high or low MPO immunoreactivity. However, we found that high expression of MPO in the liver, irrespective of disease status, reduced the damage recognition capacity as determined by staining for histone 2AX phosphorylation (γH2AX). This reduction in γH2AX formation in individuals with high MPO immunoreactivity was paralleled by a significant decrease in NER capacity as assessed by a functional repair assay, and was not related to cell proliferation. Thus, the observed reduction in NER capacity upon hepatic inflammation is associated with and may be a consequence of reduced damage recognition. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of liver cancer development in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marten A Schults
- Department of Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Boots AW, Gerloff K, Bartholomé R, van Berlo D, Ledermann K, Haenen GRMM, Bast A, van Schooten FJ, Albrecht C, Schins RPF. Neutrophils augment LPS-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling in human lung epithelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:1151-62. [PMID: 22575681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in pulmonary host defense is well recognized. The influence of a pre-existing inflammation driven by neutrophils (neutrophilic inflammation) on the airway epithelial response toward pro-inflammatory exogenous triggers, however, is still poorly addressed. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of neutrophils on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory signaling in lung epithelial cells. Additionally, underlying signaling pathways are examined. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were co-incubated with human peripheral blood neutrophils or bone-marrow derived neutrophils from either C57BL/6J wild type or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase deficient (p47(phox-/-)) mice. Upon stimulation with LPS, interleukin (IL)-8 production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured. Additionally, activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways was analyzed. RESULTS Our studies show that the presence of neutrophils synergistically increases LPS-induced IL-8 and ROS production by BEAS-2B cells without inducing cytotoxicity. The observed IL-8 response to endotoxin increases in proportion to time, LPS-concentration and the number of neutrophils present. Moreover, this synergistic IL-8 production strongly correlated with the chemotactic properties of the co-incubations and significantly depended on a functional neutrophilic NADPH oxidase. The presence of neutrophils also augments LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and IκBα as well as NF-κB RelA DNA binding activity in BEAS-2B cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the pro-inflammatory effects of LPS toward lung epithelial cells are amplified during a pre-existing neutrophilic inflammation. These findings support the concept that patients suffering from pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation are more susceptible toward exogenous pro-inflammatory triggers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes W Boots
- IUF-Leibniz Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung at the Heinrich Heine University, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Daidzein attenuates inflammation and exhibits antifibrotic effect against Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
14
|
Hofman PM. Pathobiology of the neutrophil-intestinal epithelial cell interaction: Role in carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:5790-800. [PMID: 21154999 PMCID: PMC3001969 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i46.5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of chronic inflammation, acting as an independent factor, on the onset of gastrointestinal carcinogenesis is now well accepted. However, even if there is an increase in the number of elements directly involving polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), as a major actor in digestive carcinogenesis, the different cellular and molecular events occurring in this process are still not completely understood. The transepithelial migration of PMNL, which is the ultimate step of the afflux of PMNL into the digestive mucosa, is a complex phenomenon involving sequential interaction of molecules expressed both on PMNL and on digestive epithelial cells. Chronic inflammatory areas rich in PMNL [so-called (chronic active inflammation)] and iterative transepithelial migration of PMNL certainly evoke intracellular signals, which lead toward progressive transformation of epithelia. Among these different signals, the mutagenic effect of reactive oxygen species and nitrates, the activation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway, and the modulation of expression of certain microRNA are key actors. Following the initiation of carcinogenesis, PMNL are involved in the progression and invasion of digestive carcinomas, with which they interact. It is noteworthy that different subpopulations of PMNL, which can have some opposite effects on tumor growth, in association with different levels of transforming growth factor-β and with the number of CD8 positive T lymphocytes, could be present during the development of digestive carcinoma. Other factors that involve PMNL, such as massive elastase release, and the production of angiogenic factors, can participate in the progression of neoplastic cells through tissues. PMNL may play a major role in the onset of metastases, since they allow the tumor cells to cross the endothelial barrier and to migrate into the blood stream. Finally, PMNL play a role, alone or in association with other cell parameters, in the initiation, promotion, progression and dissemination of digestive carcinomas. This review focuses on the main currently accepted cellular and molecular mechanisms that involve PMNL as key actors in digestive carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Coban S, Yildiz F, Terzi A, Al B, Aksoy N, Bitiren M, Celik H. The effects of Nigella sativa on bile duct ligation induced-liver injury in rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2010; 28:83-8. [PMID: 20029957 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nigella sativa (NS) has been shown to have antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities in different conditions. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of NS on cholestatic liver injury in rats. Thirty rats were recruited in the study as follows: Group 1, Bile duct ligation (BDL) (n = 10); Group 2, BDL plus NS (n = 10); and Group 3, Sham (n = 10). Bile duct ligated group received 0.2 mL kg(-1) dose of NS intraperitoneally daily throughout 14 days. Liver damage and cholestasis were determined by the biochemical and the pathologic examination. Data showed a decrease in gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities of the NS treated rats when compared with BDL group (p < 0.001 for GGT and p < 0.05 for others). The NS treated rats' tissue levels of total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were significantly lower than that of the BDL group (p < 0.01 for all). Increases in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT) levels were statistically significant in the NS treated rats compared to BDL group (p < 0.01 for both). On the other hand, administration of NS in the rats with biliary obstruction resulted in inhibition of necro-inflammation. These results indicate that NS exerts a therapeutic effect on cholestatic liver injury in bile duct ligated rats possibly through attenuation of enhanced neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress in the liver tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sacid Coban
- Department of General Surgery, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gungor N, Knaapen AM, Munnia A, Peluso M, Haenen GR, Chiu RK, Godschalk RWL, van Schooten FJ. Genotoxic effects of neutrophils and hypochlorous acid. Mutagenesis 2009; 25:149-54. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gep053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
|
17
|
van Faassen EE, Bahrami S, Feelisch M, Hogg N, Kelm M, Kim-Shapiro DB, Kozlov AV, Li H, Lundberg JO, Mason R, Nohl H, Rassaf T, Samouilov A, Slama-Schwok A, Shiva S, Vanin AF, Weitzberg E, Zweier J, Gladwin MT. Nitrite as regulator of hypoxic signaling in mammalian physiology. Med Res Rev 2009; 29:683-741. [PMID: 19219851 PMCID: PMC2725214 DOI: 10.1002/med.20151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review we consider the effects of endogenous and pharmacological levels of nitrite under conditions of hypoxia. In humans, the nitrite anion has long been considered as metastable intermediate in the oxidation of nitric oxide radicals to the stable metabolite nitrate. This oxidation cascade was thought to be irreversible under physiological conditions. However, a growing body of experimental observations attests that the presence of endogenous nitrite regulates a number of signaling events along the physiological and pathophysiological oxygen gradient. Hypoxic signaling events include vasodilation, modulation of mitochondrial respiration, and cytoprotection following ischemic insult. These phenomena are attributed to the reduction of nitrite anions to nitric oxide if local oxygen levels in tissues decrease. Recent research identified a growing list of enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways for this endogenous reduction of nitrite. Additional direct signaling events not involving free nitric oxide are proposed. We here discuss the mechanisms and properties of these various pathways and the role played by the local concentration of free oxygen in the affected tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernst E van Faassen
- Department of Interface Physics, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
van Helden YGJ, Keijer J, Knaapen AM, Heil SG, Briedé JJ, van Schooten FJ, Godschalk RWL. Beta-carotene metabolites enhance inflammation-induced oxidative DNA damage in lung epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:299-304. [PMID: 19026740 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
beta-Carotene (BC) intake has been shown to enhance lung cancer risk in smokers and asbestos-exposed subjects (according to the ATBC and CARET studies), but the mechanism behind this procarcinogenic effect of BC is unclear. Both smoking and asbestos exposure induce an influx of inflammatory neutrophils into the airways, which results in an increased production of reactive oxygen species and formation of promutagenic DNA lesions. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the effects of BC and its metabolites (BCM) on neutrophil-induced genotoxicity. We observed that the BCM vitamin A (Vit A) and retinoic acid (RA) inhibited the H(2)O(2)-utilizing enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is released by neutrophils, thereby reducing H(2)O(2) conversion. Moreover, BC and BCM were able to increase (.)OH formation from H(2)O(2) in the Fenton reaction (determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy). Addition of Vit A and RA to lung epithelial cells that were co-incubated with activated neutrophils resulted in a significant increase in the level of oxidized purines assessed by the formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase-modified comet assay. These data indicate that BCM can enhance neutrophil-induced genotoxicity by inhibition of MPO in combination with subsequent increased formation of hydroxyl radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne G J van Helden
- Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, Research Institute NUTRIM, Maastricht University, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Effects of lipopolysaccharide and Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin on bovine lung microvascular endothelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2007; 15:338-47. [PMID: 18032592 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00344-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease resulting from infection with Mannheimia haemolytica commonly results in extensive vascular leakage into the alveoli. M. haemolytica produces two substances, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and leukotoxin (LKT), that are known to be important in inducing some of the pathological changes. In the present study, we examined bovine pulmonary epithelial (BPE) cell and bovine lung microvascular endothelial cell monolayer permeability, as measured by trans-well endothelial and epithelial cell electrical resistance (TEER), after incubation with LPS, LKT, or LPS-activated neutrophils. Endothelial cell monolayers exposed to LPS exhibited significant decreases in TEER that corresponded with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and morphological changes. In contrast, BPE cells exposed to LPS increased the levels of production of inflammatory cytokines but displayed no changes in TEER, apoptosis, or visible morphological changes. Both cell types appeared to express relatively equal levels of the LPS ligand Toll-like receptor 4. However, TEER in BPE cell monolayers was decreased when the cells were incubated with LPS-activated neutrophils. Although the incubation of BPE cells with LKT decreased TEER, this was not reduced by the incubation of LKT with a neutralizing antibody and was reversed when LKT was preincubated with the LPS-neutralizing compound polymyxin B. Because BPE cells did not express the LKT receptor CD11a/CD18, we infer that contaminating LPS was responsible for the decreased TEER. In conclusion, LPS triggered changes in endothelial cells that would be consistent with vascular leakage, but neither LPS nor LKT caused similar changes in epithelial cells, unless neutrophils were also present.
Collapse
|
20
|
Boots AW, Li H, Schins RPF, Duffin R, Heemskerk JWM, Bast A, Haenen GRMM. The quercetin paradox. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 222:89-96. [PMID: 17537471 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Free radical scavenging antioxidants, such as quercetin, are chemically converted into oxidation products when they protect against free radicals. The main oxidation product of quercetin, however, displays a high reactivity towards thiols, which can lead to the loss of protein function. The quercetin paradox is that in the process of offering protection, quercetin is converted into a potential toxic product. In the present study, this paradox is evaluated using rat lung epithelial (RLE) cells. It was found that quercetin efficiently protects against H(2)O(2)-induced DNA damage in RLE cells, but this damage is swapped for a reduction in GSH level, an increase in LDH leakage as well as an increase of the cytosolic free calcium concentration. To our knowledge, this is the first study that indicates that the quercetin paradox, i.e. the exchange of damage caused by quercetin and its metabolites, also occurs in living lung cells. Following depletion of GSH in the cells by BSO pre-treatment, this quercetin paradox becomes more pronounced, confirming that the formation of thiol reactive quercetin metabolites is involved in the quercetin paradox. The quercetin paradox in living cells implies that the anti-oxidant directs oxidative damage selectively to thiol arylation. Apparently, the potential toxicity of metabolites formed during the actual antioxidant activity of free radical scavengers should be considered in antioxidant supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes W Boots
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maastricht, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Güngör N, Godschalk RWL, Pachen DM, Van Schooten FJ, Knaapen AM. Activated neutrophils inhibit nucleotide excision repair in human pulmonary epithelial cells: role of myeloperoxidase. FASEB J 2007; 21:2359-67. [PMID: 17440118 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-8163com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are thought to affect pulmonary carcinogenesis by promoting the metabolism of inhaled chemical carcinogens, causing enhanced formation of promutagenic DNA adducts. We hypothesized that neutrophils interfere with the removal of such DNA adducts by inhibiting nucleotide excision repair (NER) in target cells. Human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) were cocultured with activated neutrophils, and we observed a significant reduction of NER in the A549 cells, which was abrogated by addition of the myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitor 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide. The inhibitory effect of neutrophils could be mimicked by the MPO product hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which caused an acute, dose-dependent inhibition of NER in A549 cells. This was independent of cytotoxicity or ATP loss and persisted up to 24 h. These data were supported by showing that HOCl caused a delayed removal of DNA adducts in benzo[a]pyrene-diolepoxide-exposed A549 cells. The acute HOCl-induced inhibition of NER can only partly be explained by oxidative modification of repair proteins. To explain the more persistent effects of HOCl, we analyzed the expression of NER genes and found that HOCl significantly reduced XPC expression. In conclusion, these data indicate that neutrophils are potent inhibitors of nucleotide excision repair. This may provide a further biological explanation for the association between inflammation and lung cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nejla Güngör
- Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Langie SAS, Knaapen AM, Brauers KJJ, van Berlo D, van Schooten FJ, Godschalk RWL. Development and validation of a modified comet assay to phenotypically assess nucleotide excision repair. Mutagenesis 2006; 21:153-8. [PMID: 16556641 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gel013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing need for simple and reliable approaches to phenotypically assess DNA repair capacities. Therefore, a modification of the alkaline comet assay was developed to determine the ability of human lymphocyte extracts to perform the initial steps of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) process, i.e. damage recognition and incision. Gel-embedded nucleoids from A549 cells, pre-exposed to 1 microM benzo[a]pyrene-diol-epoxide, were incubated with cell extracts from frozen or freshly isolated lymphocytes. The rate at which incisions are introduced and the subsequent increase in tail moment is indicative for the repair capacity of the extracts. Freshly prepared extracts from lymphocytes of human volunteers (n = 8) showed significant inter-individual variations in their DNA repair capacity, which correlated with the removal of bulky DNA lesions over a period of 48 h determined by (32)P-post-labelling (R(2) = 0.76, P = 0.005). Repeated measurements revealed a low inter-assay variation (11%). Storage of cell extracts for more than 3 weeks significantly reduced (up to 80%) the capacity to incise the damaged DNA as compared to freshly isolated extracts. This reduction was completely restored by addition of ATP to the extracts before use, as it is required for the incision step of NER. In contrast, extracts freshly prepared from frozen lymphocyte pellets can be used without loss of repair activity. DNA repair deficient XPA-/- and XPC-/- fibroblasts were used to further validate the assay. Although some residual capacity to incise the DNA was observed in these cells, the repair activity was restored to normal wild-type levels when a complementary mixture of both extracts (thereby restoring XPA and XPC deficiency) was used. These results demonstrate that this repair assay can be applied in molecular epidemiological studies to assess inter-individual differences in NER.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine A S Langie
- Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, NUTRIM, Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, PO Box 616, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|