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Shen S, Shao Y, Li C. Different types of cell death and their shift in shaping disease. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:284. [PMID: 37542066 PMCID: PMC10403589 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is the irreversible stop of life. It is also the basic physiological process of all organisms which involved in the embryonic development, organ maintenance and autoimmunity of the body. In recent years, we have gained more comprehension of the mechanism in cell death and have basically clarified the different types of "programmed cell death", such as apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis, and identified some key genes in these processes. However, in these previous studies, the conversion between different cell death modes and their application in diseases are rarely explored. To sum up, although many valued discoveries have been discovered in the field of cell death in recent years, there are still many unknown problems to be solved in this field. Facts have proved that cell death is a very complex game, and a series of core players have the ability to destroy the delicate balance of the cell environment, from survival to death, from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory. With the thorough research of the complex regulatory mechanism of cell death, there will certainly be exciting new research in this field in the next few years. The sake of this paper is to emphasize the complex mechanism of overturning the balance between different cell fates and provide relevant theoretical basis for the connection between cell death transformation and disease treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikou Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Yina Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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2
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Yang A, Zeng K, Huang H, Liu D, Song X, Qian Y, Yu X, Liu D, Zha X, Zhang H, Chai X, Tu P, Hu Z. Usenamine A induces apoptosis and autophagic cell death of human hepatoma cells via interference with the Myosin-9/actin-dependent cytoskeleton remodeling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154895. [PMID: 37229890 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Myosin-9's role in HCC and the anti-HCC effect of the drugs targeting Myosin-9 remain poorly understood so far. Candidate antitumor agents obtained from natural products have attracted worldwide attention. Usenamine A is a novel product, which was first extracted in our laboratory from the lichen Usnea longissima. According to published reports, usenamine A exhibits good antitumor activity, while the mechanisms underlying its antitumor effects remain to be elucidated. PURPOSE The present study investigated the anti-hepatoma effect of usenamine A and the underlying molecular mechanisms, along with evaluating the therapeutic potential of targeting Myosin-9 in HCC. METHODS The CCK-8, Hoechst staining, and FACS assays were conducted in the present study to investigate how usenamine A affected the growth and apoptosis of human hepatoma cells. Moreover, TEM, acridine orange staining, and immunofluorescence assay were performed to explore the induction of autophagy by usenamine A in human hepatoma cells. The usenamine A-mediated regulation of protein expression in human hepatoma cells was analyzed using immunoblotting. MS analysis, SPR assay, CETSA, and molecular modeling were performed to identify the direct target of usenamine A. Immunofluorescence assay and co-immunoprecipitation assay were conducted to determine whether usenamine A affected the interaction between Myosin-9 and the actin present in human hepatoma cells. In addition, the anti-hepatoma effect of usenamine A was investigated in vivo using a xenograft tumor model and the IHC analysis. RESULTS The present study initially revealed that usenamine A could suppress the proliferation of HepG2 and SK-HEP-1 cells (hepatoma cell lines). Furthermore, usenamine A induced cell apoptosis via the activation of caspase-3. In addition, usenamine A enhanced autophagy. Moreover, usenamine A administration could dramatically suppress the carcinogenic ability of HepG2 cells, as evidenced by the nude mouse xenograft tumor model. Importantly, it was initially revealed that Myosin-9 was a direct target of usenamine A. Usenamine A could block cytoskeleton remodeling through the disruption of the interaction between Myosin-9 and actin. Myosin-9 participated in suppressing proliferation while inducing apoptosis and autophagy in response to treatment with usenamine A. In addition, Myosin-9 was revealed as a potential oncogene in HCC. CONCLUSIONS Usenamine A was initially revealed to suppress human hepatoma cells growth by interfering with the Myosin-9/actin-dependent cytoskeleton remodeling through the direct targeting of Myosin-9. Myosin-9 is, therefore, a promising candidate target for HCC treatment, while usenamine A may be utilized as a possible anti-HCC therapeutic, particularly in the treatment of HCC with aberrant Myosin-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Yang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kewu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiming Huang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaomin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuelong Yu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Proteomics Laboratory, Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xingyun Chai
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Immuno-metabolic effect of pancreastatin inhibitor PSTi8 in diet induced obese mice: In vitro and in vivo findings. Life Sci 2023; 316:121415. [PMID: 36690247 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pancreastatin (PST), an anti-insulin peptide derived from chromogranin A. Its levels increase in cases of obesity, which contributes to adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. This study aims to investigate the immunometabolic effect of PST inhibitor (PSTi8) against PST by using in vitro and in vivo finding. MAIN METHODS 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated with or without PSTi8, and Oil Red O staining was performed. J774A.1 cells were used for macrophage polarization study. The diet-induced obesity and T2DM model was developed in C57BL/6 mice through high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Alzet osmotic pumps were filled with PSTi8 (release rate: 2 mg/kg/day) and implanted in mice for eight weeks. Further, insulin and glucose tolerance tests were performed. Liver and eWAT sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. FACS was used to measure mitochondrial ROS and membrane potential, while Oroboros O2k was used to measure oxygen consumption rate. Immunocytochemistry and qRT-PCR were done for protein and gene expression, respectively. KEY FINDINGS PSTi8 inhibited the expression of lipolytic genes and proteins in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PSTi8 improved the inulin sensitivity, lipid profile, MMP, and OCR levels in the 3T3-L1 adipocyte and eWAT. It also increased the M1 to M2 macrophage polarization in J77A.1 cells and eWAT. Further, PSTi8 attenuated inflammatory CD4+ T, CD8+ T cells and increased the anti-inflammatory T-reg and eosinophil populations in the eWAT. It also reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes like Mcp1, Tnfα, and Il-6. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, PSTi8 exerted its beneficial effect on adipose tissue inflammation and restored energy expenditure against diet-induced obesity.
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Wang M, Liu X, Chen T, Cheng X, Xiao H, Meng X, Jiang Y. Inhibition and potential treatment of colorectal cancer by natural compounds via various signaling pathways. Front Oncol 2022; 12:956793. [PMID: 36158694 PMCID: PMC9496650 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.956793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of malignant digestive tract tumor with a high incidence rate worldwide. Currently, the clinical treatment of CRC predominantly include surgical resection, postoperative chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, these treatments contain severe limitations such as drug side effects, the risk of recurrence and drug resistance. Some natural compounds found in plants, fungi, marine animals, and bacteria have been shown to inhibit the occurrence and development of CRC. Although the explicit molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of these compounds on CRC are not clear, classical signaling transduction pathways such as NF-kB and Wnt/β-catenin are extensively regulated. In this review, we have summarized the specific mechanisms regulating the inhibition and development of CRC by various types of natural compounds through nine signaling pathways, and explored the potential therapeutic values of these natural compounds in the clinical treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianjun Liu
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianbin Cheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huijie Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianglong Meng
- Department of Burns Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Jiang,
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Sodium butyrate reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress by modulating CHOP and empowers favorable anti-inflammatory adipose tissue immune-metabolism in HFD fed mice model of obesity. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100079. [PMID: 35415672 PMCID: PMC8991629 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the gut microbiome has been linked to several diseases including gastrointestinal diseases, cancer, immune disorder and metabolic syndrome. Shifts in the gut bacterial population affect the overall metabolic health status leading towards obesity and Type II diabetes mellitus. Secondary metabolites secreted by the gut microbiome interact with various host-sensing signalling pathways and are responsible for functional modulation of immune resident cells in metabolic tissues (Blüher, 2019). Of these, short- chain fatty acids (SCFAs) i.e., acetate, propionate and butyrate have been significantly correlated with the disposition of diabetes and metabolic disorder. The altered gut microbial population depletes the intestinal barrier causing entry of LPS into circulation and towards metabolic tissues triggering pro-inflammatory responses. As butyrate has been known to maintain intestinal integrity, we aimed to assess the apparent effect of externally given sodium butyrate [NaB] on immuno-metabolic profiling of adipose tissue, and its association with metabolic and inflammatory status of adipose tissue. To assess this, we put groups of C57BL/6 mice i.e., Control fed with a regular chow diet and another group that was fed on a high fat diet (HFD, 60%) for 8 weeks. Following this, the HFD group were further subdivided into two groups one fed with HFD and the other with HFD + NaB (5%w/w) for another 8 weeks. Body composition, weight gain, body adiposity and biochemical parameters were assessed. NaB fed group showed an improved metabolic profile compared to HFD fed group. Administration of NaB also improved glucose tolerance capacity and insulin sensitivity as determined by IPGTT and ITT profiles. Earlier reports have shown gut leakage and increased LPS in circulation is the primary cause of setting up inflammation at the tissue level. Our studies exhibited that, NaB increased the expression of tight junction proteins of intestinal linings and thereby enhanced intestinal barrier integrity. The FITC dextran permeability assay further confirmed this enhanced intestinal barrier integrity. We assessed the quantitative and relative population of different types of resident immune cells from a stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue. Flow cytometry studies revealed significantly increased M2 (CD206+ ) macrophages and Tregs (CD25+ ) relative to the M1 macrophage population and CD4+ T cells respectively in NaB treated mice, suggesting its potential role in alleviating the inflammatory profile. In a nutshell, taken together better glucose tolerance, better gut health, reduced inflammatory adipose tissue immune cells, suggest potential beneficial role of sodium butyrate in alleviating overall inflammation and metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity.
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Characterization and Utilization of Disulfide-Bonded SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain of Spike Protein Synthesized by Wheat Germ Cell-Free Production System. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071461. [PMID: 35891441 PMCID: PMC9321213 DOI: 10.3390/v14071461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The spike protein (SP) of SARS-CoV-2 is an important target for COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines as it binds to the ACE2 receptor and enables viral infection. Rapid production and functional characterization of properly folded SP is of the utmost importance for studying the immunogenicity and receptor-binding activity of this protein considering the emergence of highly infectious viral variants. In this study, we attempted to express the receptor-binding region (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 SP containing disulfide bonds using the wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system. By adding protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and endoplasmic reticulum oxidase (ERO1α) to the translational reaction mixture, we succeeded in synthesizing a functionally intact RBD protein that can interact with ACE2. Using this RBD protein, we have developed a high-throughput AlphaScreen assay to evaluate the RBD–ACE2 interaction, which can be applied for drug screening and mutation analysis. Thus, our method sheds new light on the structural and functional properties of SARS-CoV-2 SP and has the potential to contribute to the development of new COVID-19 therapeutics.
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Abstract
Legume proteins have a promising future in the food industry due to their nutritional, environmental, and economic benefits. However, their application is still limited due to the presence of antinutritional and allergenic compounds, their poor technological properties, and their unpleasant sensory characteristics. Fermentation has been traditionally applied to counteract these inconveniences. At present, lactic acid fermentation of legumes is attracting the attention of researchers and industry in relation to the development of healthier, tasty, and technologically adapted products. Hence, we aimed to review the literature to shed light on the effect of lactic acid fermentation on legume protein composition and on their nutritional, functional, technological, and sensorial properties. The antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria during legume fermentation was also considered. The heterogenicity of raw material composition (flour, concentrate, and isolate), the diversity of lactic acid bacteria (nutriment requirements, metabolic pathways, and enzyme production), and the numerous possible fermenting conditions (temperature, time, oxygen, and additional nutrients) offer an impressive range of possibilities with regard to fermented legume products. Systematic studies are required in order to determine the specific roles of the different factors. The optimal selection of these criteria will allow one to obtain high-quality fermented legume products. Fermentation is an attractive technology for the development of legume-based products that are able to satisfy consumers’ expectations from a nutritional, functional, technological, and sensory point of view.
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Zhou Y, Farooqi AA, Xu B. Comprehensive review on signaling pathways of dietary saponins in cancer cells suppression. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-26. [PMID: 34751072 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nutrigenomics utilizes high-throughput genomic technologies to reveal changes in gene and protein levels. Excitingly, ever-growing body of scientific findings has provided sufficient evidence about the interplay between diet and genes. Cutting-edge research and advancements in genomics, epigenetics and metabolomics have deepened our understanding on the role of dietary factors in the inhibition of carcinogenesis and metastasis. Dietary saponins, a type of triterpene glycosides, are generally found in Platycodon grandifloras, Dioscorea oppositifolia, asparagus, legumes, and sea cucumber. Wealth of information has started to shed light on pleiotropic mechanistic roles of dietary saponins in cancer prevention and inhibition. In this review, we have attempted to summarize the in vitro research of dietary saponins in the last two decades by searching common databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The results showed that dietary saponins exerted anti-cancer activities via regulation of apoptosis, autophagy, arrest cell cycle, anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis, and anti-angiogenesis, by regulation of several critical signaling pathways, including MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, and VEGF/VEGFR. However, there is no data about the dosage of dietary saponins for practical anti-cancer effects in human bodies. Extensive clinical studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of dietary saponins for further commercial and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.,Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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ERK: A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer. ERK-Dependent Apoptosis as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102509. [PMID: 34685488 PMCID: PMC8533760 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway regulates diverse cellular processes as exemplified by cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival. Activation of ERK1/2 generally promotes cell proliferation, and its deregulated activity is a hallmark of many cancers. Therefore, components and regulators of the ERK pathway are considered potential therapeutic targets for cancer, and inhibitors of this pathway, including some MEK and BRAF inhibitors, are already being used in the clinic. Notably, ERK1/2 kinases also have pro-apoptotic functions under certain conditions and enhanced ERK1/2 signaling can cause tumor cell death. Although the repertoire of the compounds which mediate ERK activation and apoptosis is expanding, and various anti-cancer compounds induce ERK activation while exerting their anti-proliferative effects, the mechanisms underlying ERK1/2-mediated cell death are still vague. Recent studies highlight the importance of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) in determining the pro- versus anti-apoptotic function of ERK in cancer. In this review, we will summarize the recent major findings in understanding the role of ERK in apoptosis, focusing on the major compounds mediating ERK-dependent apoptosis. Studies that further define the molecular targets of these compounds relevant to cell death will be essential to harnessing these compounds for developing effective cancer treatments.
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10
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Oxidative Stress Enhances Autophagy-Mediated Death Of Stem Cells Through Erk1/2 Signaling Pathway - Implications For Neurotransplantations. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2347-2358. [PMID: 34487308 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapies are becoming increasingly popular solutions for neurological disorders. However, there is a lower survival rate of these cells after transplantation. Oxidative stress is linked to brain damage, and it may also impact transplanted stem cells. To better understand how transplanted cells respond to oxidative stress, the current study used H2O2. We briefly illustrated that exogenous H2O2 treatment exaggerated oxidative stress in the human dental pulp and mesenchymal stem cells. 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA), MitoSOX confirms the reactive oxygen species (ROS) involvement, which was remarkably subsided by the ROS inhibitors. The findings showed that H2O2 activates autophagy by enhancing pro-autophagic proteins, Beclin1 and Atg7. Increased LC3II/I expression (which co-localized with lysosomal proteins, LAMP1 and Cathepsin B) showed that H2O2 treatment promoted autophagolysosome formation. In the results, both Beclin1 and Atg7 were observed co-localized in mitochondria, indicating their involvement in mitophagy. The evaluation of Erk1/2 in the presence and absence of Na-Pyruvate, PEG-Catalase, and PD98059 established ROS-Erk1/2 participation in autophagy regulation. Further, these findings showed a link between apoptosis and autophagy. The results conclude that H2O2 acts as a stressor, promoting autophagy and mitophagy in stem cells under oxidative stress. The current study may help understand better cell survival and death approaches for transplanted cells in various neurological diseases. The current study uses human Dental Pulp and Mesenchymal Stem cells to demonstrate the importance of H2O2-driven autophagy in deciding the fate of these cells in an oxidative microenvironment. To summarise, we discovered that exogenous H2O2 treatment causes oxidative stress. Exogenous H2O2 treatment also increased ROS production, especially intracellular H2O2. H2O2 stimulated the ErK1/2 signaling pathway and autophagy. Erk1/2 was found to cause autophagy. Further, the function of mitophagy appeared to be an important factor in the H2O2-induced regulation of these two human stem cell types. In a nutshell, by engaging in autophagy nucleation, maturation, and terminal phase proteins, we elucidated the participation of autophagy in cell dysfunction and death.
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Chitisankul WT, Itabashi M, Son H, Takahashi Y, Ito A, Varanyanond W, Tsukamoto C. Soyasaponin composition complexities in soyfoods relating nutraceutical properties and undesirable taste characteristics. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Shahjahani M, Abroun A, Saki N, Bagher Mohammadi SM, Rezaeeyan H. STAT5: From Pathogenesis Mechanism to Therapeutic Approach in Acute Leukemia. Lab Med 2021; 51:345-351. [PMID: 31860086 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the results of multiple studies, multiple signaling pathways is a major cause of resistence to chemotherapy in leukemia cells. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is among these factors; it plays an essential role in proliferation of leukemic cells. METHODS We obtained the materials used in our study via PubMed search from 1996 through 2019. The key search terms included "STAT5," "acute leukemia," "leukemogenesis," and "mutation." RESULTS On activation, STAT5 not only inhibits apoptosis of leukemic cells via activating the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) gene but also inhibits resistance to chemotherapy by enhancing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression and maintaining telomere length in cells. It has also been shown that a number of mutations in the STAT5 gene and in related genes alter the expression of STAT5. CONCLUSION The identification of STAT5 and the factors activated in its up- or downstream expression, affecting its function, contribute to better treatments such as targeted therapy rather than chemotherapy, improving the quality of life patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahjahani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amirreza Abroun
- Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Royan Institute Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Rezaeeyan
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Guo W, Wang Q, Pan S, Li J, Wang Y, Shu Y, Chen J, Wang Q, Zhang S, Zhang X, Yue J. The ERK1/2-ATG13-FIP200 signaling cascade is required for autophagy induction to protect renal cells from hypoglycemia-induced cell death. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6932-6947. [PMID: 33682133 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation pathway, is known to regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes. At present, the function and the precise mechanism of autophagy regulation in kidney and renal cells remain elusive. Here, we explored the role of ERK1 and ERK2 (referred as ERK1/2 hereafter) in autophagy regulation in renal cells in response to hypoglycemia. Glucose starvation potently and transiently activated ERK1/2 in renal cells, and this was concomitant with an increase in autophagic flux. Perturbing ERK1/2 activation by treatment with inhibitors of RAF or MEK1/2, via the expression of a dominant-negative mutant form of MEK1/2 or RAS, blocked hypoglycemia-mediated ERK1/2 activation and autophagy induction in renal cells. Glucose starvation also induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in renal cells, which was involved in the activation of the ERK1/2 cascade and the induction of autophagy in renal cells. Interestingly, ATG13 and FIP200, the members of the ULK1 complex, contain the ERK consensus phosphorylation sites, and glucose starvation induced an association between ATG13 or FIP200 and ERK1/2. Moreover, the expression of the phospho-defective mutants of ATG13 and FIP200 in renal cells blocked glucose starvation-induced autophagy and rendered cells more susceptible to hypoglycemia-induced cell death. However, the expression of the phospho-mimic mutants of ATG13 and FIP200 induced autophagy and protected renal cells from hypoglycemia-induced cell death. Taken together, our results demonstrate that hypoglycemia activates the ERK1/2 signaling to regulate ATG13 and FIP200, thereby stimulating autophagy to protect the renal cells from hypoglycemia-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Scientific Instruments Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shihua Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yahai Shu
- Scientific Instruments Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaheng Chen
- Scientific Instruments Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qizheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,City University of Hong Kong Chengdu Research Institute, Chengdu, China
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Lu G, Wu Z, Shang J, Xie Z, Chen C, Zhang C. The effects of metformin on autophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111286. [PMID: 33524789 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the first-line option for treating newly diagnosed diabetic patients and also involved in other pharmacological actions, including antitumor effect, anti-aging effect, polycystic ovarian syndrome prevention, cardiovascular action, and neuroprotective effect, etc. However, the mechanisms of metformin actions were not fully illuminated. Recently, increasing researches showed that autophagy is a vital medium of metformin playing pharmacological actions. Nevertheless, results on the effects of metformin on autophagy were inconsistent. Apart from few clinical evidences, more data focused on kinds of no-clinical models. First, many studies showed that metformin could induce autophagy via a number of signaling pathways, including AMPK-related signaling pathways (e.g. AMPK/mTOR, AMPK/CEBPD, MiTF/TFE, AMPK/ULK1, and AMPK/miR-221), Redd1/mTOR, STAT, SIRT, Na+/H+ exchangers, MAPK/ERK, PK2/PKR/AKT/ GSK3β, and TRIB3. Secondly, some signaling pathways were involved in the process of metformin inhibiting autophagy, such as AMPK-related signaling pathways (AMPK/NF-κB and other undetermined AMPK-related signaling pathways), Hedgehog, miR-570-3p, miR-142-3p, and MiR-3127-5p. Thirdly, two types of signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT/mTOR and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress could bidirectionally impact the effectiveness of metformin on autophagy. Finally, multiple signal pathways were reviewed collectively in terms of affecting the effectiveness of metformin on autophagy. The pharmacological effects of metformin combining its actions on autophagy were also discussed. It would help better apply metformin to treat diseases in term of mediating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Lu
- School of Business, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jia Shang
- School of Kaifeng Culture and Tourism, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, Jinming Avenue, 475004, China.
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Chuning Zhang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, China
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15
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Jiang Q, Xue D, Shi F, Qiu J. Prognostic significance of an autophagy-related long non-coding RNA signature in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:29. [PMID: 33240435 PMCID: PMC7681235 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional clinicopathological indices are insufficient in predicting the prognosis of patients diagnosed with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC/OPSCC). Notably, autophagy and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the development and progression of various types of cancer. The present study aimed to assess the association between autophagy-related lncRNAs and the prognosis of patients diagnosed with OSCC/OPSCC. Gene sequencing and clinicopathological data of patients with OSCC/OPSCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, while gene set functional classification was downloaded from the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis database. Out of the 413 transcriptome data samples and 402 clinicopathological data samples retrieved, a total of nine autophagy-related lncRNAs, including PTCSC2, AC099850.3, LINC01963, RTCA-AS1, AP002884.1, UBAC2-AS1, AL512274.1, MIR600HG and AL354733.3, were screened. This was geared towards establishing a signature through gene co-expression network, univariate and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator Cox regression analyses. Based on this signature, the patients were subdivided into a high-risk group and a low-risk group. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the overall survival of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group. Furthermore, principal components analysis demonstrated that the patients diagnosed with OSCC/OPSCC could be distinguished into low-survival and high-survival groups according to the signature. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of clinicopathological data and the signature revealed that the signature could potentially be used as an independent prognostic factor for OSCC/OPSCC. In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis of clinical samples demonstrated the validity of the signature. In summary, the present study revealed that the signature based on autophagy-related lncRNAs potentially acts as an independent prognostic indicator for patients with OSCC/OPSCC. Furthermore, it promotes research on targeted diagnosis and treatment of patients diagnosed with OSCC/OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkun Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Danfeng Xue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Fanzhe Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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16
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Saponins Extracted from Tea ( Camellia Sinensis) Flowers Induces Autophagy in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225254. [PMID: 33187244 PMCID: PMC7696525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea flower saponins (TFS) possess effective anticancer properties. The diversity and complexity of TFS increases the difficulty of their extraction and purification from tea flowers. Here, multiple methods including solvent extraction, microporous resin separation and preparative HPLC separation were used to obtain TFS with a yield of 0.34%. Furthermore, we revealed that TFS induced autophagy—as evidenced by an increase in MDC-positive cell populations and mCherry-LC3B-labeled autolysosomes and an upregulation of LC3II protein levels. 3-MA reversed the decrease in cell viability induced by TFS, showing that TFS induced autophagic cell death. TFS-induced autophagy was not dependent on the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. TFS-induced autophagy in OVCAR-3 cells was accompanied by ERK pathway activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This paper is the first report of TFS-mediated autophagy of ovarian cancer cells. These results provide new insights for future studies of the anti-cancer effects of TFS.
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Abstract
Fermentation processes in foods often lead to changes in nutritional and biochemical quality relative to the starting ingredients. Fermented foods comprise very complex ecosystems consisting of enzymes from raw ingredients that interact with the fermenting microorganisms’ metabolic activities. Fermenting microorganisms provide a unique approach towards food stability via physical and biochemical changes in fermented foods. These fermented foods can benefit consumers compared to simple foods in terms of antioxidants, production of peptides, organoleptic and probiotic properties, and antimicrobial activity. It also helps in the levels of anti-nutrients and toxins level. The quality and quantity of microbial communities in fermented foods vary based on the manufacturing process and storage conditions/durability. This review contributes to current research on biochemical changes during the fermentation of foods. The focus will be on the changes in the biochemical compounds that determine the characteristics of final fermented food products from original food resources.
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18
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Omar A, Kalra RS, Putri J, Elwakeel A, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Soyasapogenol-A targets CARF and results in suppression of tumor growth and metastasis in p53 compromised cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6323. [PMID: 32286347 PMCID: PMC7156697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We screened some phytochemicals for cytotoxic activity to human cancer cells and identified Soyasapogenol-A (Snol-A) as a potent candidate anti-cancer compound. Interestingly, Soyasapogenin-I (Snin-I) was ineffective. Viability assays endorsed toxicity of Snol-A to a wide variety of cancer cells. Of note, wild type p53 deficient cancer cells (SKOV-3 and Saos-2) also showed potent growth inhibitory effect. Molecular analyses demonstrated that it targets CARF yielding transcriptional upregulation of p21WAF1 (an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases) and downregulation of its effector proteins, CDK2, CDK-4, Cyclin A and Cyclin D1. Targeting of CARF by Snol-A also caused (i) downregulation of pATR-Chk1 signaling leading to caspase-mediated apoptosis and (ii) inactivation of β-catenin/Vimentin/hnRNPK-mediated EMT signaling resulting in decrease in migration and invasion of cancer cells. In in vivo assays, Snol-A caused suppression of tumor growth in subcutaneous xenograft model and inhibited lung metastasis in tail vein injection model. Taken together, we demonstrate that Snol-A is a natural inhibitor of CARF and may be recruited as a potent anti-tumor and anti-metastasis compound for treatment of p53-deficient aggressive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Omar
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305 8565, Japan.,School of Integrative & Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305 8565, Japan
| | - Jayarani Putri
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305 8565, Japan
| | - Ahmed Elwakeel
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305 8565, Japan.,School of Integrative & Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305 8565, Japan. .,School of Integrative & Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305 8565, Japan. .,School of Integrative & Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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19
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Xiang H, Zhang J, Lin C, Zhang L, Liu B, Ouyang L. Targeting autophagy-related protein kinases for potential therapeutic purpose. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:569-581. [PMID: 32322463 PMCID: PMC7161711 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, defined as a scavenging process of protein aggregates and damaged organelles mediated by lysosomes, plays a significant role in the quality control of macromolecules and organelles. Since protein kinases are integral to the autophagy process, it is critically important to understand the role of kinases in autophagic regulation. At present, intervention of autophagic processes by small-molecule modulators targeting specific kinases has becoming a reasonable and prevalent strategy for treating several varieties of human disease, especially cancer. In this review, we describe the role of some autophagy-related kinase targets and kinase-mediated phosphorylation mechanisms in autophagy regulation. We also summarize the small-molecule kinase inhibitors/activators of these targets, highlighting the opportunities of these new therapeutic agents.
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Key Words
- 4E-BP1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein
- AKT1, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1
- AMBRA1, autophagy/beclin-1 regulator 1
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- ARF, auxin response factor gene
- ATG, autophagy-related protein
- Autophagy
- Autophagy-related kinase
- CaMKK2, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2
- DAPK, death associated protein kinase
- FIP200, FAK family kinase-interacting protein of 200 kDa
- GAP, GTPase-activating protein
- GO, gene ontology
- GSK3α, glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha
- HMGB1, high mobility group protein B1
- Human disease therapy
- JNK1, C-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- LKB1, serine/threonine-protein kinase stk11
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LRRK2, leucine rich repeat kinase 2
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PI, phosphatidylinositol
- PI3 kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PI3P, phosphatidylinositol triphosphate
- PIM2, proviral insertion in murine lymphomas 2
- PINK1, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1
- PIP2, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate
- PKACα, a protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha
- PKCα, protein kinase C alpha type
- PKD1, polycystin-1
- PPIs, protein–protein interactions
- PROTAC, proteolysis targeting chimeras
- PTMs, post-translational modifications
- Phosphorylation
- Protein kinases
- Rheb, the RAS homolog enriched in brain
- Small-molecule kinase inhibitors/activators
- TAK1, transforming growth factor activated kinase-1
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer
- TSC1/2, tuberous sclerosis complex proteins 1/2
- ULK complex, ULK1–mATG13–FIP200–ATG101 complex
- ULK1, unc-51-like kinase 1
- UVRAG, ultraviolet resistance-associated gene
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Congcong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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20
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Matsunaga T, Kawabata S, Yanagihara Y, Kezuka C, Kato M, Morikawa Y, Endo S, Chen H, Iguchi K, Ikari A. Pathophysiological roles of autophagy and aldo-keto reductases in development of doxorubicin resistance in gastrointestinal cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 314:108839. [PMID: 31563593 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, we show that incubation of three human gastrointestinal cancer cell lines (HCT15, LoVo and MKN45) with doxorubicin (DOX) provokes autophagy through facilitating production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). HCT15 cell treatment with DOX resulted in up-regulation of Beclin1, down-regulation of Bcl2, activation of AMPK and JNK, and Akt inactivation, all of which were restored by pretreating with an antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine. These data suggest that all the autophagy-related alterations evoked by DOX result from the ROS production. In the DOX-resistant cancer cells, degree of autophagy elicited by DOX was milder than the parental cells, and DOX treatment hardly activated the ROS-dependent apoptotic signals [formation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), cytochrome-c release into cytosol, and activation of JNK and caspase-3], inferring an inverse correlation between cellular antioxidant capacity and autophagy induction by DOX. Monitoring of expression levels of aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) in the parental and DOX-resistant cells revealed an up-regulation of AKR1B10 and/or AKR1C3 with acquiring the DOX resistance. Knockdown and inhibition of AKR1B10 or AKR1C3 in these cells enhanced DOX-elicited autophagy. Measurement of DOX-reductase activity and HNE-sensitivity assay also suggested that both AKR1B10 (via high HNE-reductase activity) and AKR1C3 (via low HNE-reductase and DOX-reductase activities) are involved in the development of DOX resistance. Combination of inhibitors of autophagy and the two AKRs overcame DOX resistance and cross-resistance of gastrointestinal cancer cells with resistance development to DOX or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum. Therefore, concomitant treatment with the inhibitors may be effective as an adjuvant therapy for elevating DOX sensitivity of gastrointestinal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Education Center of Green Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 502-8585, Japan.
| | - Saori Kawabata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yuji Yanagihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kezuka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Misaki Kato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Morikawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Huayue Chen
- Department of Anatomy School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iguchi
- Laboratory of Community Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
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21
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Kunz TC, Kozjak-Pavlovic V. Diverse Facets of Sphingolipid Involvement in Bacterial Infections. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:203. [PMID: 31608278 PMCID: PMC6761390 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are constituents of the cell membrane that perform various tasks as structural elements and signaling molecules, in addition to regulating many important cellular processes, such as apoptosis and autophagy. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that sphingolipids and sphingolipid signaling play a vital role in infection processes. In many cases the attachment and uptake of pathogenic bacteria, as well as bacterial development and survival within the host cell depend on sphingolipids. In addition, sphingolipids can serve as antimicrobials, inhibiting bacterial growth and formation of biofilms. This review will give an overview of our current information about these various aspects of sphingolipid involvement in bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera Kozjak-Pavlovic
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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22
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Diomede F, Tripodi D, Trubiani O, Pizzicannella J. HEMA Effects on Autophagy Mechanism in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12142285. [PMID: 31315300 PMCID: PMC6678148 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a complex mechanism that permits the degradation of cellular components in order to enhance cell homeostasis, recycling the damaged, dysfunctional, or unnecessary components. In restorative dentistry practice, free resin monomers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) can be released. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HEMA on proliferation and autophagy in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Human DPSCs were treated with different concentrations of HEMA (3 and 5 mmol L−1). To evaluate the proliferation rate, MTT and trypan blue assays were used. Autophagic markers such as microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-I/II) and ubiquitin-binding protein (p62) were analyzed through immunofluorescence observations. Beclin1, LC3-I/II, and p62 were evaluated by means of Western blotting detection. Considering that activity of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) and its phosphorylated form (pERK) mediates several cellular processes, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence, the involvement of ERK/pERK signaling was also evaluated. Obtained results showed a decreased cell proliferation associated with morphological changes in HEMA-treated cells. The Western blot results showed that the expression levels of Beclin1, LC3-I/II, and ERK were significantly elevated in HEMA-treated cells and in cells co-treated with rapamycin, an autophagic promoter. The expression levels of p62 were significantly reduced compared to the untreated samples. Protein levels to the autophagic process, observed at confocal microscopy confirmed the data obtained from the Western blot. The up-regulation of ERK and pERK levels, associated with nuclear translocation, revealed that ERK pathway signaling could act as a promoter of autophagy in dental pulp stem cells treated with HEMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Diomede
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico Tripodi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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Silveira JS, Antunes GL, Kaiber DB, da Costa MS, Ferreira FS, Marques EP, Schmitz F, Gassen RB, Breda RV, Wyse ATS, Stein RT, Pitrez PM, da Cunha AA. Autophagy induces eosinophil extracellular traps formation and allergic airway inflammation in a murine asthma model. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:267-280. [PMID: 31206674 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown autophagy participation in the immunopathology of inflammatory diseases. However, autophagy role in asthma and in eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) release is poorly understood. Here, we attempted to investigate the autophagy involvement in EETs release and in lung inflammation in an experimental asthma model. Mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA), followed by OVA challenge. Before the challenge with OVA, mice were treated with an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA). We showed that 3-MA treatment decreases the number of eosinophils, eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity, goblet cells hyperplasia, proinflammatory cytokines, and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) p65 immunocontent in the lung. Moreover, 3-MA was able to improve oxidative stress, mitochondrial energy metabolism, and Na+ , K+ -ATPase activity. We demonstrated that treatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA reduced EETs formation in the airway. On the basis of our results, 3-MA treatment can be an interesting alternative for reducing lung inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and EETs formation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Silva Silveira
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Géssica Luana Antunes
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniela Benvenutti Kaiber
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Severo da Costa
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Peil Marques
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Benedetti Gassen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Vaz Breda
- School of Medicine, Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renato Tetelbom Stein
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Márcio Pitrez
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Andrea da Cunha
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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ÇAKIR Ö, UÇARLI C, TARHAN Ç, PEKMEZ M, TURGUT-KARA N. Nutritional and health benefits of legumes and their distinctive genomic properties. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.42117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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25
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Wang T, Yu N, Qian M, Feng J, Cao S, Yin J, Zhang Q. ERK-mediated autophagy promotes inactivated Sendai virus (HVJ-E)-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells in an Atg3-dependent manner. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:200. [PMID: 30534001 PMCID: PMC6280409 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apoptosis and autophagy are known to play important roles in cancer development. It has been reported that HVJ-E induces apoptosis in cancer cells, thereby inhibiting the development of tumors. To define the mechanism by which HVJ-E induces cell death, we examined whether HVJ-E activates autophagic and apoptotic signaling pathways in HeLa cells. Methods Cells were treated with chloroquine (CQ) and rapamycin to determine whether autophagy is involved in HVJ-E-induced apoptosis. Treatment with the ERK inhibitor, U0126, was used to determine whether autophagy and apoptosis are mediated by the ERK pathway. Activators of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway, 740 Y-P and SC79, were used to characterize its role in HVJ-E-induced autophagy. siRNA against Atg3 was used to knock down the protein and determine whether it plays a role in HVJ-E-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. Results We found that HVJ-E infection inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, as evidenced by the expression of caspase proteins. This process was promoted by rapamycin treatment and inhibited by CQ treatment. HVJ-E-induced autophagy was further blocked by 740 Y-P, SC79, and U0126, indicating that both the ERK- and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K-pathways were involved. Finally, autophagy-mediated apoptosis induced by HVJ-E was inhibited by siRNA-mediated Atg3 knockdown. Conclusion In HeLa cells, HVJ-E infection triggered autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in an ERK1/2-dependent manner, and the induction of autophagy promoted apoptosis in an Atg3-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- 1Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 China.,2Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Ning Yu
- 1Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 China.,2Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Miao Qian
- 1Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 China.,2Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China.,4College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Jie Feng
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Shuyang Cao
- 1Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 China.,2Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Jun Yin
- 1Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 China.,2Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Quan Zhang
- 1Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 China.,2Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
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Takagi K, Yano R, Tochigi S, Fujisawa Y, Tsuchinaga H, Takahashi Y, Takada Y, Kaga A, Anai T, Tsukamoto C, Seki H, Muranaka T, Ishimoto M. Genetic and functional characterization of Sg-4 glycosyltransferase involved in the formation of sugar chain structure at the C-3 position of soybean saponins. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 156:96-105. [PMID: 30261341 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoid saponins are specialized metabolites, which are abundant in soybean seeds. They have a wide variety of effects on human health and physiology. The composition of sugar chain attached to the aglycone moiety of saponins can be controlled by genetic loci, such as Sg-1, 3, and 4. Among these, the homozygous recessive sg-4 impairs the accumulation of saponins that have an arabinose moiety at the second position of the C-3 sugar chain (i.e., saponins Ad and βa) in the hypocotyls. In this study, we found that sg-4 cultivars are disabled in Glyma.01G046300 expression in hypocotyls. This gene encodes a putative glycosyltransferase (UGT73P10) and is a homolog of GmSGT2 (UGT73P2) whose recombinant protein has been previously shown, in vitro, to conjugate the second galactose moiety at the C-3 position of soyasapogenol B monoglucuronide (SBMG). The sg-4 phenotype (absence of saponins Ad and βa in hypocotyls) was restored by introducing the Glyma.01G046300 genomic DNA fragment that was obtained from the Sg-4 cultivar 'Ibarakimame 7'. Although Glyma.01G046300 is expressed in the cotyledons even in the sg-4 cultivars such as 'Enrei', the induced premature stop codon mutation (W244*) resulted in impaired accumulation of saponin βa in this tissue also in the 'Enrei' genetic background. Furthermore, the recombinant Glyma.01G046300 protein was shown to conjugate the second Ara moiety at the C-3 position of SBMG using UDP-Ara as a sugar donor. These results demonstrate that Sg-4 is responsible for conjugation of the second Ara moiety at the C-3 position of soybean saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Takagi
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yano
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Saeko Tochigi
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yukiko Fujisawa
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan; Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsuchinaga
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuya Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Takada
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Zentsuji, Kagawa, 765-8508, Japan
| | - Akito Kaga
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan; Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Anai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Chigen Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Hikaru Seki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masao Ishimoto
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan; Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan.
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Guo Y, Li Y, Wang FF, Xiang B, Huang XO, Ma HB, Gong YP. The combination of Nutlin-3 and Tanshinone IIA promotes synergistic cytotoxicity in acute leukemic cells expressing wild-type p53 by co-regulating MDM2-P53 and the AKT/mTOR pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 106:8-20. [PMID: 30389549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
P53 dysfunction has been associated with various malignant tumors, including acute leukemia. The overexpression of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) causes the inactivation of p53 in acute leukemia. MDM2 inhibitors that activate p53 and induce apoptosis are currently being developed for potential treatment of acute leukemia. However, MDM2 inhibitors alone have limited efficacy in acute leukemia therapeutics. Combining other drugs to enhance the efficacy of MDM2 inhibitors is the thus considered as a potential treatment scheme. Here, we report that the combination of Nutlin-3 and Tanshinone IIA synergistically induces cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagic cell death, thereby imparting anti-leukemia effect in an acute leukemia cell line with wild-type p53 by effectively activating p53, inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway, and activating the RAF/MEK pathway. Using primary samples from acute leukemia patients, we show that the combination of Nutlin-3 plus Tanshinone IIA synergistically induces cytotoxicity by activating p53 and inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway. This specific combination of Nutlin-3 and Tanshinone IIA is also effective in preventing the recurrence of refractory leukemia, such as Ph+ ALL with the ABL kinase T315I mutation and AML with the FLT3-ITD mutation. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that the Nutlin-3 plus Tanshinone IIA combination exerts synergistic anti-leukemia effects by regulating the p53 and AKT/mTOR pathways, although further investigation is warranted. Small-molecule MDM2 antagonists plus Tanshinone IIA may thus be a promising strategy for the treatment of acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Human Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Fang-Fang Wang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Bing Xiang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Huang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Hong-Bing Ma
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Yu-Ping Gong
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China.
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A novel synthesized 3’, 5’-diprenylated chalcone mediates the proliferation of human leukemia cells by regulating apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:794-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Liu X, Chen K, Zhu L, Liu H, Ma T, Xu Q, Xie T. Soyasaponin Ab protects against oxidative stress in HepG2 cells via Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathways. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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The Ethyl Acetate Extract of Gynura formosana Kitam. Leaves Inhibited Cervical Cancer Cell Proliferation via Induction of Autophagy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4780612. [PMID: 29992145 PMCID: PMC5994325 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4780612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gynura formosana Kitam. belongs to the Compositae family and has been traditionally used for the prevention of cancer, diabetes, and inflammation in China. Previous studies had indicated that the ethyl acetate extract of Gynura formosana Kitam. leaves (EAEG) exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. In this report, we demonstrated that EAEG possessed potent anticancer activity through autophagy-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation. EAEG induced a strong cytostatic effect towards HeLa cells and, to a lesser extent, HepG2 and MCF-7 cells. This cytostatic effect of EAEG was not a consequence of increased apoptosis, as neither DNA fragmentation nor change in protein expression level for a number of apoptosis-related genes including Bid, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 was observed after EAEG treatment, and the apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK did not inhibit the EAEG-elicited cytostatic effect. On the other hand, EAEG induced autophagy in a dose-dependent fashion, as shown by increased GFP puncta formation, enhanced conversion of the microtubule-associated protein light chain LC3-I to LC3-II, and downregulation of the p62 protein. Treating the HeLa cells with EAEG together with Chloroquine (CQ) further accelerated LC3 conversion and p62 clearance, indicating that EAEG induced complete autophagy flux. Importantly, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA) significantly abrogated the cytostatic effect of EAEG, strongly suggesting that EAEG inhibited HeLa cell proliferation through the induction of autophagy rather than apoptosis. Our results provided a novel and interesting mechanistic insight into the anticancer action of EAEG, supporting the traditional use of this plant for the treatment of the cancer.
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Leri M, Ramazzotti M, Vasarri M, Peri S, Barletta E, Pretti C, Degl'Innocenti D. Bioactive Compounds from Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile Impair Malignant Cell Migration through Autophagy Modulation. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16040137. [PMID: 29690502 PMCID: PMC5923424 DOI: 10.3390/md16040137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile is a marine plant with interesting biological properties potentially ascribed to the synergistic combination of bioactive compounds. Our previously described extract, obtained from the leaves of P. oceanica, showed the ability to impair HT1080 cell migration by targeting both expression and activity of gelatinases. Commonly, the lack of knowledge about the mechanism of action of phytocomplexes may be an obstacle regarding their therapeutic use and development. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the molecular signaling through which such bioactive compounds impact on malignant cell migration and gelatinolytic activity. The increase in autophagic vacuoles detected by confocal microscopy suggested an enhancement of autophagy in a time and dose dependent manner. This autophagy activation was further confirmed by monitoring pivotal markers of autophagy signaling as well as by evidencing an increase in IGF-1R accumulation on cell membranes. Taken together, our results confirm that the P. oceanica phytocomplex is a promising reservoir of potent and cell safe molecules able to defend against malignancies and other diseases in which gelatinases play a major role in progression. In conclusion, the attractive properties of this phytocomplex may be of industrial interest in regard to the development of novel health-promoting and pharmacological products for the treatment or prevention of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Leri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino (NEUROFARBA), Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Marzia Vasarri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Sara Peri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Barletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Centro Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina ed Ecologia Applicata "G. Bacci", Viale N. Sauro, 4, 57128 Livorno, Italy.
| | - Donatella Degl'Innocenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
- Centro Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina ed Ecologia Applicata "G. Bacci", Viale N. Sauro, 4, 57128 Livorno, Italy.
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Sooro MA, Zhang N, Zhang P. Targeting EGFR-mediated autophagy as a potential strategy for cancer therapy. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2116-2125. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mopa Alina Sooro
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- Medical College, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou 225001 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases; Medical College, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou 225001 China
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Yano R, Takagi K, Tochigi S, Fujisawa Y, Nomura Y, Tsuchinaga H, Takahashi Y, Takada Y, Kaga A, Anai T, Tsukamoto C, Seki H, Muranaka T, Ishimoto M. Isolation and Characterization of the Soybean Sg-3 Gene that is Involved in Genetic Variation in Sugar Chain Composition at the C-3 Position in Soyasaponins. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:792-805. [PMID: 29401289 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Soyasaponins are specialized metabolites present in soybean seeds that affect the taste and quality of soy-based foods. The composition of the sugar chains attached to the aglycone moiety of soyasaponins is regulated by genetic loci such as sg-1, sg-3 and sg-4. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of the Sg-3 gene, which is responsible for conjugating the terminal (third) glucose (Glc) at the C-3 sugar chain of soyasaponins. The gene Glyma.10G104700 is disabled in the sg-3 cultivar, 'Mikuriya-ao', due to the deletion of genomic DNA that results in the absence of a terminal Glc residue on the C-3 sugar chain. Sg-3 encodes a putative glycosyltransferase (UGT91H9), and its predicted protein sequence has a high homology with that of the product of GmSGT3 (Glyma.08G181000; UGT91H4), which conjugates rhamnose (Rha) to the third position of the C-3 sugar chain in vitro. A recombinant Glyma.10G104700 protein could utilize UDP-Glc as a substrate to conjugate the third Glc to the C-3 sugar chain, and introducing a functional Glyma.10G104700 transgene into the mutant complemented the sg-3 phenotype. Conversely, induction of a premature stop codon mutation in Glyma.10G104700 (W270*) resulted in the sg-3 phenotype, suggesting that Glyma.10G104700 was Sg-3. The gmsgt3 (R339H) mutant failed to accumulate soyasaponins with the third Rha at the C-3 sugar chain, and the third Glc and Rha conjugations were both disabled in the sg-3 gmsgt3 double mutant. These results demonstrated that Sg-3 and GmSGT3 are non-redundantly involved in conjugation of the third Glc and Rha at the C-3 sugar chain of soyasaponins, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Yano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572 Japan
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602 Japan
| | - Kyoko Takagi
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602 Japan
| | - Saeko Tochigi
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602 Japan
| | - Yukiko Fujisawa
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602 Japan
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, 305-8518 Japan
| | - Yuhta Nomura
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsuchinaga
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yuya Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Yoshitake Takada
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Zentsuji, 765-8508 Japan
| | - Akito Kaga
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602 Japan
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, 305-8518 Japan
| | - Toyoaki Anai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502 Japan
| | - Chigen Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Hikaru Seki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masao Ishimoto
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602 Japan
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, 305-8518 Japan
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Graziani V, Scognamiglio M, Belli V, Esposito A, D'Abrosca B, Chambery A, Russo R, Panella M, Russo A, Ciardiello F, Troiani T, Potenza N, Fiorentino A. Metabolomic approach for a rapid identification of natural products with cytotoxic activity against human colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5309. [PMID: 29593231 PMCID: PMC5871890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of bioactive compounds from natural sources entails an extremely lengthy process due to the timescale and complexity of traditional methodologies. In our study, we used a rapid NMR based metabolomic approach as tool to identify secondary metabolites with anti-proliferative activity against a panel of human colorectal cancer cell lines with different mutation profiles. For this purpose, fourteen Fabaceae species of Mediterranean vegetation were investigated using a double screening method: 1H NMR profiling enabled the identification of the main compounds present in the mixtures, whilst parallel biological assays allowed the selection of two plant extracts based on their strong anti-proliferative properties. Using high-resolution 2D NMR spectroscopy, putative active constituents were identified in the mixture and isolated by performing a bio-guided fractionation of the selected plant extracts. As a result, we found two active principles: a cycloartane glycoside and protodioscin derivative. Interestingly, these metabolites displayed a preferential anti-proliferative effect on colon cancer cell lines with an intrinsic resistance to anti-EGFR therapies. Our work provides an NMR-based metabolomic approach as a powerful and efficient tool to discover natural products with anticancer activities circumventing time-consuming procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Graziani
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Vivaldi 43 I-, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Monica Scognamiglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Vivaldi 43 I-, 81100, Caserta, Italy.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology - Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8 D-, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Valentina Belli
- Dipartimento di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale "Flaviano Magrassi", Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Via Pansini, 5 -, I-80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Assunta Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Vivaldi 43 I-, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Brigida D'Abrosca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Vivaldi 43 I-, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Angela Chambery
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Vivaldi 43 I-, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosita Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Vivaldi 43 I-, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Marta Panella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Vivaldi 43 I-, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Aniello Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Vivaldi 43 I-, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Dipartimento di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale "Flaviano Magrassi", Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Via Pansini, 5 -, I-80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Teresa Troiani
- Dipartimento di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale "Flaviano Magrassi", Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Via Pansini, 5 -, I-80131, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Potenza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Vivaldi 43 I-, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Antonio Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Vivaldi 43 I-, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
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Ciocci M, Iorio E, Carotenuto F, Khashoggi HA, Nanni F, Melino S. H2S-releasing nanoemulsions: a new formulation to inhibit tumor cells proliferation and improve tissue repair. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84338-84358. [PMID: 27741519 PMCID: PMC5356665 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The improvement of solubility and/or dissolution rate of poorly soluble natural compounds is an ideal strategy to make them optimal candidates as new potential drugs. Accordingly, the allyl sulfur compounds and omega-3 fatty acids are natural hydrophobic compounds that exhibit two important combined properties: cardiovascular protection and antitumor activity. Here, we have synthesized and characterized a novel formulation of diallyl disulfide (DADS) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) as protein-nanoemulsions (BAD-NEs), using ultrasounds. BAD-NEs are stable over time at room temperature and show antioxidant and radical scavenging property. These NEs are also optimal H2S slow-release donors and show a significant anti-proliferative effect on different human cancer cell lines: MCF-7 breast cancer and HuT 78 T-cell lymphoma cells. BAD-NEs are able to regulate the ERK1/2 pathway, inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. We have also investigated their effect on cell proliferation of human adult stem/progenitor cells. Interestingly, BAD-NEs are able to improve the Lin- Sca1+ human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPC) proliferation. This stem cell growth stimulation is combined with the expression and activation of proteins involved in tissue-repair, such as P-AKT, α-sma and connexin 43. Altogether, our results suggest that these antioxidant nanoemulsions might have potential application in selective cancer therapy and for promoting the muscle tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ciocci
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Felicia Carotenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Haneen A Khashoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Nanni
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Chitisankul WT, Takada Y, Takahashi Y, Ito A, Itabashi M, Varanyanond W, Kikuchi A, Ishimoto M, Tsukamoto C. Saponin composition complexities in hypocotyls and cotyledons of nine soybean varieties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Zheng Z, Fan S, Zheng J, Huang W, Gasparetto C, Chao NJ, Hu J, Kang Y. Inhibition of thioredoxin activates mitophagy and overcomes adaptive bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:29. [PMID: 29482577 PMCID: PMC5828316 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although current chemotherapy using bortezomib (Velcade) against multiple myeloma in adults has achieved significant responses and even remission, a majority of patients will develop acquired resistance to bortezomib. Increased thioredoxin level has been reported to be associated with carcinogenesis; however, the role of thioredoxin in bortezomib drug resistance of myeloma remains unclear. Methods We generated several bortezomib-resistant myeloma cell lines by serially passaging with increased concentrations of bortezomib over a period of 1.5 years. Thioredoxin expression was measured by real-time PCR and western blot. Results The role of thioredoxin in the survival of bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells was determined by specific shRNA knockdown in vitro and in vivo. Thioredoxin inhibitor (PX12) was used to determine the effectiveness of thioredoxin inhibition in the treatment of bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells. The effect of thioredoxin inhibition on mitophagy induction was examined. The correlation of thioredoxin expression with patient overall survival was interrogated. Thioredoxin expression was significantly upregulated in bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells and the change correlated with the increase of bortezomib concentration. Thioredoxin gene knockdown using specific shRNA sensitized bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells to bortezomib efficiency in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition with PX12 inhibited the growth of bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells and overcame bortezomib resistance in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, inhibition of thioredoxin resulted in the activation of mitophagy and blockage of mitophagy prevented the effects of PX12 on bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells, indicating that mitophagy is the important molecular mechanism for the induction of cell death in bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells by PX12. Moreover, inhibition of thioredoxin resulted in downregulation of phosphorylated mTOR and ERK1/2. Finally, thioredoxin was overexpressed in primary myeloma cells isolated from bortezomib-resistant myeloma patients and overexpression of thioredoxin correlated with poor overall survival in patients with multiple myeloma. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that increased thioredoxin plays a critical role in bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma through mitophagy inactivation and increased mTOR and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Thioredoxin provides a potential target for clinical therapeutics against multiple myeloma, particularly for bortezomib-resistant/refractory myeloma patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0575-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, 3961, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Shengjun Fan
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, 3961, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, 3961, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Cristina Gasparetto
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, 3961, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Nelson J Chao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, 3961, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jianda Hu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, 3961, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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38
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Hwang ES. Antioxidant and Quinone Reductase Activity of Soyasaponins in Hepa1c1c7 Mouse Hepatocarcinoma Cells. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2018; 22:300-305. [PMID: 29333382 PMCID: PMC5758093 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2017.22.4.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins have been reported to possess several health beneficial activities including hypocholesterolemic, immune-stimulatory, and anticarcinogenic. The objectives of this study were to determine if soysaponins are radical scavengers and inducers of quinone reductase (QR) activity in Hepa1c1c7 murine hepatoma cell line. The antioxidant capacity of soyasaponin was evaluated using the 1,1′-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging methods. Soyasaponin showed 75.7% radical scavenging activity in the DPPH assay and 81.4% in the ABTS method at 100 μg/mL concentration. Cellular proliferation was determined using the methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay. Soyasaponin inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent (0.1~100 μg/mL) manner, and growth inhibition was 30% and 39% at 100 μg/mL of saponin after 24 h and 48 h incubation, respectively. Soyasaponin showed QR induction in a dose-dependent manner. Ten, 50, and 100 μg/mL of soyasaponin resulted in a 1.6-, 2.2-, and 2.9-fold induction of QR, respectively. These results provide a basis for the potential of soysaponin as a chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sun Hwang
- Department of Nutrition and Culinary Science and Korean Foods Global Center, Hankyong National University, Gyeonggi 17579, Korea
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39
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Kim SH, Kim KY, Park SG, Yu SN, Kim YW, Nam HW, An HH, Kim YW, Ahn SC. Mitochondrial ROS activates ERK/autophagy pathway as a protected mechanism against deoxypodophyllotoxin-induced apoptosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111581-111596. [PMID: 29340076 PMCID: PMC5762344 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) is a naturally occurring flavolignan isolated from Anthriscus sylvestris. Recently, it has been reported that DPT inhibits tubulin polymerization and induces G2/M cell cycle arrest followed by apoptosis through multiple cellular processes. Despite these findings, details regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the DPT-mediated cell death have been poorly understood. To define a mechanism of DPT-mediated cell death response, we examined whether DPT activates signaling pathways for autophagy and apoptosis. We demonstrated that DPT inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines, as evidenced by a mitochondrial membrane potential and expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily generated from the mitochondria, play an important role in various cellular responses, such as apoptosis and autophagy. DPT significantly triggered mitochondrial ROS, which were detected by MitoSOX, a selective fluorescent dye of mitochondria-derived ROS. Furthermore, DPT induced autophagy through an up-regulation of autophagic biomarkers, including a conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 - I (LC3-I) into LC3-II and a formation of acidic vesicular organelles. Moreover, mitochondrial ROS promoted AKT-independent autophagy and ERK signaling. The inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine or LC3 knockdown enhanced DPT-induced apoptosis, suggesting that an autophagy plays a protective role in cell survival against apoptotic prostate cancer cells. Additionally, the results from an in vivo xenograft model confirmed that DPT inhibited tumor growth by regulating the apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hun Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.,Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Kwang-Youn Kim
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Sul-Gi Park
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Nyoung Yu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Wook Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Won Nam
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee An
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Kim
- Department of Herbal Formula, Medical Research Center (MRC-GHF), College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.,Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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40
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Shawky E, Sallam SM. Simultaneous Determination of Soyasaponins and Isoflavones in Soy (Glycine max L.) Products by HPTLC-densitometry-Multiple Detection. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 55:1059-1065. [PMID: 28977409 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
A new high-throughput method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of isoflavones and soyasaponnins in Soy (Glycine max L.) products by high-performance thin-layer chromatography with densitometry and multiple detection. Silica gel was used as the stationary phase and ethyl acetate:methanol:water:acetic acid (100:20:16:1, v/v/v/v) as the mobile phase. After chromatographic development, multi-wavelength scanning was carried out by: (i) UV-absorbance measurement at 265 nm for genistin, daidzin and glycitin, (ii) Vis-absorbance measurement at 650 nm for Soyasaponins I and III, after post-chromatographic derivatization with anisaldehyde/sulfuric acid reagent. Validation of the developed method was found to meet the acceptance criteria delineated by ICH guidelines with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and robustness. Calibrations were linear with correlation coefficients of >0.994. Intra-day precisions relative standard deviation (RSD)% of all substances in matrix were determined to be between 0.7 and 0.9%, while inter-day precisions (RSD%) ranged between 1.2 and 1.8%. The validated method was successfully applied for determination of the studied analytes in soy-based infant formula and soybean products. The new method compares favorably to other reported methods in being as accurate and precise and in the same time more feasible and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Shawky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M Sallam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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41
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The induction of apoptosis and autophagy in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells by combined treatment with vitamin C and polysaccharides extracted from Grifola frondosa. Apoptosis 2017; 22:1461-1472. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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42
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Wang L, Li X, Yang Z, Pan X, Liu X, Zhu M, Xie J. Crotonaldehyde induces autophagy-mediated cytotoxicity in human bronchial epithelial cells via PI3K, AMPK and MAPK pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 228:287-296. [PMID: 28551559 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Crotonaldehyde is an ubiquitous hazardous pollutant in the environment which can be produced naturally, artificially and endogenously. Acute exposure of crotonaldehyde was reported to induce severe lung injury in humans and experimental animals. However, the exact toxicity mechanisms of crotonaldehyde in organisms have not been fully explored. In the present study, we explored the role autophagy played in the cytotoxicity induced by crotonaldehyde in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), and the pathways that mediated autophagy, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, were examined and validated. We found that crotonaldehyde induced cytotoxicity and autophagy simultaneously in BEAS-2B cells, and blockage of autophagic flux significantly elevated the viability of BEAS-2B exposed to high concentrations of crotonaldehyde. Crotonaldehyde down-regulated the activity of PI3K pathway, and elevated the activities of AMPK and MAPK pathways. Pretreatment of specific agonist or antagonist of these pathways could inhibit autophagy and partly improve the viability. These results suggested that acute exposure of crotonaldehyde induced cell death mediated by autophagy, which might be helpful to elucidate the toxicity mechanisms of crotonaldehyde and contribute to environmental and human health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, 2 Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Xiujie Pan
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Shanghai Tobacco Group Corporation of CNTC, 99 Wansheng South Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101121, PR China
| | - Maoxiang Zhu
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, 2 Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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43
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Jung HJ, Kang JH, Choi S, Son YK, Lee KR, Seong JK, Kim SY, Oh SH. Pharbitis Nil (PN) induces apoptosis and autophagy in lung cancer cells and autophagy inhibition enhances PN-induced apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 208:253-263. [PMID: 28729229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pharbitis Nil (PN) is used as a main component of the existing drug, DA-9701, which was developed to treat functional dyspepsia (FD) in Korea. PN extracts isolated from its seeds have been reported to have anticancer effects. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of the chemotherapeutic effects of PN in lung cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed MTT assays, colony formation assays, flow cytometry assays, Western blot analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence analysis, and cell counting assays to study the molecular mechanism of chemotherapeutic effects of PN in lung cancer cells. RESULTS Our results indicate that PN induced autophagy as well as apoptosis. PN inhibited cell proliferation and survival by inducing apoptosis in several lung cancer cell lines. PN-treated cells also exhibited induction of autophagy, as evidenced by increased protein expression levels and punctuate patterns of LC3 II. Moreover, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), which plays an important role in autophagy activation, was shown to be related with PN-induced autophagy. Interestingly, pharmacological blockade of autophagy activation with wortmannin and inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation by U0126 markedly enhanced PN-induced apoptosis and reduced cell viability, suggesting that autophagy induced by PN may have a cytoprotective effect by suppressing apoptosis. PN- induced apoptosis was regulated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) deactivation. Moreover, decrease of STAT3 activation in PN-treated cells was associated with reduced survivin expression, further demonstrating that PN-induced apoptosis was regulated by STAT3 deactivation. CONCLUSION We believe that PN, which is already proven to treat human patients with FD, might be a potential anticancer drug for human lung cancer. In addition, our data suggest that the combination of PN treatment with an autophagy inhibitor or traditional anticancer agents may be an effective anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Jung
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Kyoung Son
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Ro Lee
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419-16, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea.
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44
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Huang FC. The Role of Sphingolipids on Innate Immunity to Intestinal Salmonella Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081720. [PMID: 28783107 PMCID: PMC5578110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. remains a major public health problem for the whole world. To reduce the use of antimicrobial agents and drug-resistant Salmonella, a better strategy is to explore alternative therapy rather than to discover another antibiotic. Sphingolipid- and cholesterol-enriched lipid microdomains attract signaling proteins and orchestrate them toward cell signaling and membrane trafficking pathways. Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of sphingolipids in the innate immunity against infecting pathogens. It is therefore mandatory to exploit the role of the membrane sphingolipids in the innate immunity of intestinal epithelia infected by this pathogen. In the present review, we focus on the role of sphingolipids in the innate immunity of intestinal epithelia against Salmonella infection, including adhesion, autophagy, bactericidal effect, barrier function, membrane trafficking, cytokine and antimicrobial peptide expression. The intervention of sphingolipid-enhanced foods to make our life healthy or pharmacological agents regulating sphingolipids is provided at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chen Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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45
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Cheng MF, Lin CS, Chen YH, Sung PJ, Lin SR, Tong YW, Weng CF. Inhibitory Growth of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cancer via Bacterial Prodigiosin. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15070224. [PMID: 28714874 PMCID: PMC5532666 DOI: 10.3390/md15070224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy drugs for oral cancers always cause side effects and adverse effects. Currently natural sources and herbs are being searched for treated human oral squamous carcinoma cells (OSCC) in an effort to alleviate the causations of agents in oral cancers chemotherapy. This study investigates the effect of prodigiosin (PG), an alkaloid and natural red pigment as a secondary metabolite of Serratia marcescens, to inhibit human oral squamous carcinoma cell growth; thereby, developing a new drug for the treatment of oral cancer. In vitro cultured human OSCC models (OECM1 and SAS cell lines) were used to test the inhibitory growth of PG via cell cytotoxic effects (MTT assay), cell cycle analysis, and Western blotting. PG under various concentrations and time courses were shown to effectively cause cell death and cell-cycle arrest in OECM1 and SAS cells. Additionally, PG induced autophagic cell death in OECM1 and SAS cells by LC3-mediated P62/LC3-I/LC3-II pathway at the in vitro level. These findings elucidate the role of PG, which may target the autophagic cell death pathways as a potential agent in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fang Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 10086, Taiwan.
- Division of Histology and Clinical Pathology, Hualian Army Forces General Hospital, Hualien 97144, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Shu Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 10086, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan.
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan.
| | - Shian-Ren Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Wen Tong
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan.
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46
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Cheng MF, Lin SR, Tseng FJ, Huang YC, Tsai MJ, Fu YS, Weng CF. The autophagic inhibition oral squamous cell carcinoma cancer growth of 16-hydroxy-cleroda-3,14-dine-15,16-olide. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78379-78396. [PMID: 29108236 PMCID: PMC5667969 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
16-hydroxycleroda-3, 13-dine-15, 16-olide (HCD) isolated from Polyalthia longifolia possesses numerous biological activities. Previous studies have reported that HCD can block phosphorylation activity of cancer cells to inhibit tumor cell growth, but the anti-tumor activity in oral squamous cell carcinoma is unrevealed. This study investigates the inhibiting effect of HCD on human OSCC cell growth; thereby, developing a new oral cancer drug. In in vitro cultured human OSCC cells (OECM1 and SAS) were employed to test the inhibitory growth of HCD via cell cytotoxic effect using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Western blotting, and further determining of the inhibitory efficacy of tumor growth by a xenograft tumor on BALB/c male nude mice (in vivo test). Under various concentrations of HCD and time course treatments were shown to effectively cause cell death and cell-cycle arrest in OECM1 and SAS cells, which was confirmed via a clinical drug (cisplatin) as a positive control. In addition, HCD induced the autophagic cell death in OECM1 and SAS cells by LC3-mediated LC3-I/LC3-II/p62 pathway at the in vitro level. An in vivo assay indicated that HCD could treat oral cancer by deferring tumor growth. These findings provide a favorable assessment for further elucidating the role of HCD that targets autophagic cell death pathways as a potential agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fang Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Histological and Clinical Pathology, Hualian Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Ren Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Jen Tseng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chao Huang
- Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - May-Jywan Tsai
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Syan Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Zhang X, Yang H, Yue S, He G, Qu S, Zhang Z, Ma B, Ding R, Peng W, Zhang H, Yang Z, Dou K, Tao K, Li X. The mTOR inhibition in concurrence with ERK1/2 activation is involved in excessive autophagy induced by glycyrrhizin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2017; 6:1941-1951. [PMID: 28675698 PMCID: PMC5548872 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a life phenomenon in which autophagosomes remove damaged or aging organelles and long‐lived circulating proteins to maintain the cell's stability. However, disorders of excessive autophagy are a response of cancer cells to a variety of anticancer treatments which lead to cancer cell death. The Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathways are both involved in nutrient‐induced autophagic phenomenon and exhibit vital relevance to oncogenesis in various cancer cell types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the influence of autophagy for cancer cell death remains controversial and few scientists have investigated the variation of these two signaling pathways in cancer cell autophagic phenomenon induced by anticancer treatment simultaneously. Here, we explored the anticancer efficacy and mechanisms of glycyrrhizin (GL), a bioactive compound of licorice with little toxicity in normal cells. It is interesting that inhibition of Akt/mTOR signaling in concurrence with enhanced ERK1/2 activity exists in GL‐induced autophagy and cytotoxicity in HepG2 and MHCC97‐H hepatocellular carcinoma cells. These results imply that the GL‐related anticancer ability might correlate with the induction of autophagy. The influence of induced autophagic phenomenon on cell viability might depend on the severity of autophagy and be pathway specific. In the subsequent subcutaneous xenograft experiment in vivo with MHCC97‐H cells, GL obviously exhibited its inhibitory efficacy in tumor growth via inducing excess autophagy in MHCC97‐H cells (P < 0.05). Our data prompt that GL possesses a property of excess autophagic phenomenon induction in HCC and exerts high anticancer efficacy in vitro and in vivo. This warrants further investigation toward possible clinical applications in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuqiang Yue
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangbin He
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shibin Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuochao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaoxu Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kefeng Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaishan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Zhang P, Zheng Z, Ling L, Yang X, Zhang N, Wang X, Hu M, Xia Y, Ma Y, Yang H, Wang Y, Liu H. w09, a novel autophagy enhancer, induces autophagy-dependent cell apoptosis via activation of the EGFR-mediated RAS-RAF1-MAP2K-MAPK1/3 pathway. Autophagy 2017; 13:1093-1112. [PMID: 28513279 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1319039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) signaling pathway is frequently deregulated in many malignancies. Therefore, targeting the EGFR pathway is regarded as a promising strategy for anticancer drug discovery. Herein, we identified a 2-amino-nicotinonitrile compound (w09) as a novel autophagy enhancer, which potently induced macroautophagy/autophagy and consequent apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that EGFR-mediated activation of the RAS-RAF1-MAP2K-MAPK1/3 signaling pathway played a critical role in w09-induced autophagy and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Inhibition of the MAPK1/3 pathway with U0126 or blockade of autophagy by specific chemical inhibitors markedly attenuated the effect of w09-mediated growth inhibition and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, these conclusions were supported by knockdown of ATG5 or knockout of ATG5 and/or ATG7. Notably, w09 increased the expression of SQSTM1 by transcription, and knockout of SQSTM1 or deleting the LC3-interaction region domain of SQSTM1, significantly inhibited w09-induced PARP1 cleavage, suggesting the central role played by SQSTM1 in w09-induced apoptosis. In addition, in vivo administration of w09 effectively inhibited tumor growth of SGC-7901 xenografts. Hence, our findings not only suggested that activation of the EGFR-RAS-RAF1-MAP2K-MAPK1/3 signaling pathway may play a critical role in w09-induced autophagy and apoptosis, but also imply that induction of autophagic cancer cell death through activation of the EGFR pathway may be a potential therapeutic strategy for EGFR-disregulated gastric tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghu Zhang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation & National Nanjing Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Zuguo Zheng
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation & National Nanjing Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Li Ling
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation & National Nanjing Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- b Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization & Key Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA & Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material , Nanjing , China
| | - Ni Zhang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation & National Nanjing Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xue Wang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation & National Nanjing Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | | | - Yu Xia
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation & National Nanjing Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yiwen Ma
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation & National Nanjing Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Haoran Yang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation & National Nanjing Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yunyi Wang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation & National Nanjing Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hongqi Liu
- d Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology , Kunming National High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union of Medical School , Kunming , China
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49
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Garay-Lugo N, Domínguez-Lopez A, Miliar García A, Aguilar Barrera E, Gómez López M, Gómez Alcalá A, Martínez Godinez MDLA, Lara-Padilla E. n-3 Fatty acids modulate the mRNA expression of the Nlrp3 inflammasome and Mtor in the liver of rats fed with high-fat or high-fat/fructose diets. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 38:353-63. [PMID: 27367537 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2016.1208221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is evidence that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3-PUFAs) can inhibit mTORC1, which should potentiate autophagy and eliminate NLRP3 inflammasome activity. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effect of a high-fat or high-fat/fructose diet with and without n-3-PUFAs on hepatic gene expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the mRNA expression by RT-PCR of Mtor, Nlrp3, and other 22 genes associated with inflammation in rats livers after a 9-week diet. The dietary regimens were low-fat (control, CD), high-fat (HF), high-fat/fructose (HF-Fr), and also each of these supplemented with n-3-PUFAs (CD-n-3-PUFAs, HF-n-3-PUFAs, and HF-Fr-n-3-PUFAs). These data were processed by GeneMania and STRING databases. RESULTS Compared to the control, the HF group showed a significant increase (between p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001) in 20 of these genes (Il1b, Il18, Rxra, Nlrp3, Casp1, Il33, Tnf, Acaca, Mtor, Eif2s1, Eif2ak4, Nfkb1, Srebf1, Hif1a, Ppara, Ppard, Pparg, Mlxipl, Fasn y Scd1), and a decrease in Sirt1 (p < 0.05). With the HF-Fr diet, a significant increase (between p < 0.05 and p < 0.005) was also found in the expression of 16 evaluated genes (Srebf1, Mlxipl, Rxra, Abca1, Il33, Nfkb1, Hif1a, Pparg, Casp1, Il1b, Il-18, Tnf, Ppard, Acaca, Fasn, Scd1), along with a decrease in the transcription of Mtor and Elovl6 (p < 0.05). Contrarily, many of the genes whose expression increased with the HF and HF-Fr diets did not significantly increase with the HF-n-3-PUFAs or HF-Fr-n-3-PUFAs diet. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION We found the interrelation of the genes for the mTORC1 complex, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and other metabolically important proteins, and that these genes respond to n-3-PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Garay-Lugo
- a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México
| | - Aarón Domínguez-Lopez
- a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México
| | - Angel Miliar García
- a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México
| | - Eliud Aguilar Barrera
- a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México
| | - Modesto Gómez López
- a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México
| | - Alejandro Gómez Alcalá
- a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México
| | - Maria de Los Angeles Martínez Godinez
- a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México
| | - Eleazar Lara-Padilla
- b Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México
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50
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Matsumura Y, Sirison J, Ishi T, Matsumiya K. Soybean lipophilic proteins — Origin and functional properties as affected by interaction with storage proteins. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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