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Lim LM, Lee YC, Lin TW, Hong ZX, Hsu WC, Ke HL, Hwang DY, Chung WY, Li WM, Lin HH, Kuo HT, Huang AM. NTRK3 exhibits a pro-oncogenic function in upper tract urothelial carcinomas. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2024; 40:445-455. [PMID: 38593276 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (NTRK3) has pleiotropic functions: it acts not only as an oncogene in breast and gastric cancers but also as a dependence receptor in tumor suppressor genes in colon cancer and neuroblastomas. However, the role of NTRK3 in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is not well documented. This study investigated the association between NTRK3 expression and outcomes in UTUC patients and validated the results in tests on UTUC cell lines. A total of 118 UTUC cancer tissue samples were examined to evaluate the expression of NTRK3. Survival curves were generated using Kaplan-Meier estimates, and Cox regression models were used for investigating survival outcomes. Higher NTRK3 expression was correlated with worse progression-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival. Moreover, the results of an Ingenuity Pathway Analysis suggested that NTRK3 may interact with the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway to promote cancer. NTRK3 downregulation in BFTC909 cells through shRNA reduced cellular migration, invasion, and activity in the AKT-mTOR pathway. Furthermore, the overexpression of NTRK3 in UM-UC-14 cells promoted AKT-mTOR pathway activity, cellular migration, and cell invasion. From these observations, we concluded that NTRK3 may contribute to aggressive behaviors in UTUC by facilitating cell migration and invasion through its interaction with the AKT-mTOR pathway and the expression of NTRK3 is a potential predictor of clinical outcomes in cases of UTUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Moay Lim
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Xuan Hong
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Hsu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lung Ke
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Daw-Yang Hwang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institute, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Chung
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Ministry of Health and Welfare Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hui Lin
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tien Kuo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - A-Mei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kim MS, Lee WS, Jin W. TrkB inhibition of DJ-1 degradation promotes the growth and maintenance of cancer stem cell characteristics in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:303. [PMID: 37749450 PMCID: PMC10520132 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Although TrkB may be associated with the pathogenesis of various cancer by upregulation, how upregulation of TrkB led to tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the signaling mechanisms by which TrkB induces motility, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and acquisition of self-renewal traits has remained unclear. Here, we demonstrated that TrkB was significantly upregulated in highly metastatic HCC cells and HCC patients. Also, the increased TrkB levels were significantly correlated with tumor stages and poor survival of HCC patients. Furthermore, the upregulated TrkB expression enhances the metastatic ability of HCC cells through reduced anoikis sensitivity, induced migration, and colony formation. Most strikingly, TrkB markedly enhances the activation of STAT3 by preventing DJ-1 degradation through the formation of the TrkB/DJ-1 complex. This signaling mechanism is responsible for triggering cellular traits of highly aggressive HCC. The activation of the EMT program of HCC via increasing DJ-1 stability by TrkB induces the gain of cancer stem cell states and chemoresistance via the upregulation of stem cells cell markers and ABC transporters. Also, TrkB-mediated inhibition of DJ-1 degradation promotes tumor formation and metastasizes to other organs in vivo. Our observations illustrate that TrkB is a prognostic and therapeutic targeting in promoting aggressiveness and metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sung Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Wook Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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3
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TrkC-mediated inhibition of DJ-1 degradation is essential for direct regulation of pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:850. [PMID: 36202793 PMCID: PMC9537181 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
None of the previous studies has systematically explored how upregulation of TrkC plays a central role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by regulating the underlying mechanisms that promote invasion and metastasis. In this report, we demonstrated the possible association between upregulation of TrkC and acquisition of cancer stem cells traits or chemoresistance in HCC. We show that upregulation of TrkC is closely associated with the survival and progression of HCC in vivo and in vitro. Most strikingly, activation of STAT3 by TrkC-mediated inhibition of DJ-1 degradation significantly enhances the efficacy of invasion and metastasis during the progression of HCC cells. Acquiring the traits of cancer stem cells (CSCs) by TrkC/DJ-1/STAT3 signaling pathway leads to the induction of chemoresistance via upregulation of ABC transporters and anti-apoptotic genes. Also, activating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program by inducing EMT-transcription factor (TF)s by TrkC/DJ-1/STAT3 signaling pathway is the direct cause of multiple tumor malignancies of HCC. Thus, understanding the mechanisms by which acquisition of anticancer drug resistance by TrkC-mediated inhibition of DJ-1 degradation can help enhance the efficacy of anticancer therapies.
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4
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Kim MS, Lee WS, Lee H, Jin W. TrkC, a novel prognostic marker, induces and maintains cell survival and metastatic dissemination of Ewing sarcoma by inhibiting EWSR1-FLI1 degradation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:836. [PMID: 36171207 PMCID: PMC9519565 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation of EWSR1-FLI1 expression has been associated with invasiveness, induced cell survival, metastatic dissemination, and acquisition of self-renewal traits in Ewing sarcoma (ES). Although existing evidence implies that TrkC expression is linked to the pathogenesis of other cancer types, its role and the mechanism behind its correlation with EWSR1-FLI1 in the pathogenesis of ES remain unclear. In this study, we uncovered a novel physiological role of TrkC as a key regulator of EWSR1-FLI1 involved in the survival and metastatic dissemination of ES. TrkC was observed to be frequently overexpressed in human metastatic ES cells in vitro and in vivo, facilitating enhanced survival, tumorigenicity, and metastasis of ES cells. TrkC-mediated metastasis of ES cells was induced by the inhibition of the proteasomal degradation of EWSR1-FLI1 via the TrkC/EWSR1-FLI1 complex, which subsequently enabled the induction of the target proteins, EGR2 and NKX2.2. Moreover, TrkC significantly inhibited tumor suppressor activity of TGF-β through reduction of the mRNA expression of one of its receptors, TGFBR2 via TrkC-induced stabilization of EWSR1-FLI1. Furthermore, loss of TrkC expression inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in experimental mouse models. This study is the first to report the involvement and functional role of TrkC in the pathogenesis of ES, suggesting important implications for understanding the alterations of TrkC in Ewing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Kim
- grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999 Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sung Lee
- grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999 Republic of Korea
| | - Hanki Lee
- grid.410898.c0000 0001 2339 0388Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058 Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Jin
- grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999 Republic of Korea
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5
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Dokaneheifard S, Soltani BM. Implication of TrkC-miR2 in neurotrophin signalling pathway regulation through NGFR transcript targeting. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3381-3390. [PMID: 33675128 PMCID: PMC8034437 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TrkC and NGFR neurotrophin receptors are associated with cell death, cancer and differentiation. TrkC-miR2, which is located in TrkC gene, is known to regulate Wnt signalling pathway, and its influence on other signalling pathways is under investigation. Here, through RT-qPCR, dual-luciferase assay and Western blotting we reveal that TrkC-miR2 targets NGFR. Overexpression of TrkC-miR2 also affected TrkA, TrkC, NFKB, BCL2 and Akt2 expressions involved in neurotrophin signalling pathway, and elevated survival rate of HEK293t and U87 cells was distinguished by flow cytometry and MTT assay. Consistently, an opposite expression correlation was obtained between TrkC-miR2 and NGFR or TrkC for the duration of NT2 differentiation. Meanwhile, TrkC-miR2 down-regulation attenuated NT2 differentiation into neural-like cells. Overall, here we present in silico and experimental evidence showing TrkC-miR2 as a new controller in regulation of neurotrophin signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadat Dokaneheifard
- Department of Molecular GeneticsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
- Medical Biology Research CenterKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Bahram M. Soltani
- Department of Molecular GeneticsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
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6
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Nerve growth factor receptor increases the tumor growth and metastatic potential of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2021; 40:2165-2181. [PMID: 33627781 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity and the lack of metastatic biomarkers limit the diagnosis of and development of therapies for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Thus, development of new clinically relevant markers is urgently needed. By using RNA-seq analysis, we found that nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) was highly expressed in metastatic lung clones of MDA-MB-231 cells. This high level of NGFR expression was necessary for TNBC cells to grow into tumor spheres under nonadhesive conditions, resist anoikis, promote primary tumor growth and increase metastasis in mice. NGFR was also expressed at a high level in a greater number of TNBC patients (45%) than non-TNBC patients (23%), enriched in higher grade tumors, and negatively correlated with the overall survival of TNBC patients. Mechanistic analysis indicated that NGFR exerted its prometastatic effects by binding with neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (TrkC) mainly through a ligand-independent manner, which activated the MEK-ERK1-ZEB1 and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways, increased the level of fibronectin, and decreased the expression of PUMA. Notably, we observed that NGFR expression in TrkC-positive metastatic clones reduced cellular sensitivity to anti-Trk therapy. Moreover, WNT family member 5a (WNT5A) and TrkC activated NGFR transcription in a ZEB1-dependent manner. Taken together, this study identified NGFR as a novel driver for transforming TNBC into higher grade metastatic tumors. Our findings provide the basis for the future development of NGFR as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for determining the metastatic potential of TNBC and as a therapeutic target for treating TNBC patients.
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7
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Xiong D, Wang D, Chen Y. Role of the long non-coding RNA LINC00052 in tumors. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:316. [PMID: 33692848 PMCID: PMC7933760 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 52 (LINC00052) is a non-coding RNA with >200 nucleotides in length, which exerts important effects on several physiological and pathological processes of the human body. Recent studies have demonstrated that LINC00052 plays key roles in the tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis of multiple types of human cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical carcinoma and gastric cancer. However, the associations between LINC00052 and these tumors remain unclear. The present review summarizes the biological functions of LINC00052 during the pathogenic process of certain tumors, and discusses its potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xiong
- Early Childhood Health Research Innovation Team, Nursing School of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, P.R. China
| | - Yanmeng Chen
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Chen Z, Huang Z, Luo Y, Zou Q, Bai L, Tang G, Wang X, Cao G, Huang M, Xiang J, Yu H. Genome-wide analysis identifies critical DNA methylations within NTRKs genes in colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2021; 19:73. [PMID: 33593392 PMCID: PMC7885252 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinases (NTRKs) are a gene family function as oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in distinct cancers. We aimed to investigate the methylation and expression profiles and prognostic value of NTRKs gene in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods An analysis of DNA methylation and expression profiles in CRC patients was performed to explore the critical methylations within NTRKs genes. The methylation marker was validated in a retrospectively collected cohort of 229 CRC patients and tested in other tumor types from TCGA. DNA methylation status was determined by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (QMSP). Results The profiles in six CRC cohorts showed that NTRKs gene promoter was more frequently methylated in CRC compared to normal mucosa, which was associated with suppressed gene expression. We identified a specific methylated region within NTRK3 promoter targeted by cg27034819 and cg11525479 that best predicted survival outcome in CRC. NTRK3 promoter methylation showed independently predictive value for survival outcome in the validation cohort (P = 0.004, HR 2.688, 95% CI [1.355, 5.333]). Based on this, a nomogram predicting survival outcome was developed with a C-index of 0.705. Furthermore, the addition of NTRK3 promoter methylation improved the performance of currently-used prognostic model (AIC: 516.49 vs 513.91; LR: 39.06 vs 43.64, P = 0.032). Finally, NTRK3 promoter methylation also predicted survival in other tumors, including pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma and stomach adenocarcinoma. Conclusions This study highlights the essential value of NTRK3 methylation in prognostic evaluation and the potential to improve current prognostic models in CRC and other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zenghong Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxin Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zou
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Bai
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guannan Tang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meijin Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huichuan Yu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhou X, He J, Wang Q, Ma T. MiRNA-128-3p Restrains Malignant Melanoma Cell Malignancy by Targeting NTRK3. Front Oncol 2021; 10:538894. [PMID: 33575204 PMCID: PMC7871904 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.538894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of non-coding RNA, including microRNA (miRNA), have attracted considerable attention in the field of oncology, In this report, we examined the roles and molecular mechanisms of miR-128-3p, as related to the biological behaviors of malignant melanoma (MM). We found that miR-128-3p was expressed in low levels in these MM cells and may serve as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as inducing apoptosis in these MM cells. Moreover, neurotrophin receptor 3 (NTRK3), which serves as an oncogene that can enhance malignant behaviors of MM cells, was up-regulated in MM cells. Our current survey disclosed a complementary binding between miR-128-3p and the NTRK3 3' untranslated regions (3'-UTR), while luciferase activities of NTRK3 3'-UTR were restrained by miR-128-3p in 293T cells. The effects of pre-miR-128-3p and sh-NTRK3 as well as anti-miR-128-3p and NTRK3(+) appeared to function synergistically in producing malignant progression. Moreover, there were possible to have counteracted effects for pre-miR-128-3p and NTRK3(+) in malignant progression. These findings established that miR-128-3p can function as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting carcinogenesis of the oncogene, NTRK3. Collectively, miR-128-3p and NTRK3 genes participate in modulating the malignant behavior of MM, and may represent new therapeutic targets for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhou
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiayuan He
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Niu Y, Lin A, Luo P, Zhu W, Wei T, Tang R, Guo L, Zhang J. Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients With NTRK3 Mutations to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1213. [PMID: 32903385 PMCID: PMC7434857 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are an important treatment modality that must be considered for patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, ICIs are effective only in some of these patients. Therefore, identifying biomarkers that accurately predict the prognosis of patients with LUAD treated with ICIs can help maximize their therapeutic benefits. This study aimed to identify a new potential predictor to better select and optimally benefit LUAD patients. Methods We first collected and analyzed a discovery immunotherapy cohort comprising clinical and mutation data for LUAD patients. Then, we evaluated whether the specific mutated genes can act as predictive biomarkers in this discovery immunotherapy cohort and further validated the findings in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project LUAD cohort. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore possible alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) pathways within the gene mutation. Moreover, we analyzed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and drug sensitivity response data for LUAD cell lines in the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database. Results Among the mutated genes screened from both the ICI treatment and TCGA-LUAD cohorts, NTRK3 mutation (mutant-type NTRK3, NTRK3-MT) was strongly associated with immunotherapy. First, significant differences in overall survival (OS) were observed between patients with NTRK3-MT and those with NTRK3-WT in the ICI treatment cohort but not in the non-ICI-treated TCGA-LUAD cohort. We then analyzed the association of NTRK3-MT with clinical characteristics and found the tumor mutation burden (TMB) to be significantly higher in both NTRK3-MT cohorts. However, significant differences in neoantigen levels and smoking history were found only for NTRK3-MT in the LUAD cohort from TCGA. Furthermore, some immune-related genes and immune cell-related genes were significantly upregulated in patients with NTRK3-MT compared to those with NTRK3-WT. In addition, NTRK3 mutation affected the deregulation of some signaling pathways and the DDR pathway. Conclusions Our findings suggest that NTRK3-MT can predict the prognosis of patients with LUAD treated by ICIs and that it may have clinical significance for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Niu
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixiang Tang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linlang Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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PROteolysis TArgetting Chimeras (PROTACs) Strategy Applied to Kinases: Recent Advances. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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TrkB Inhibits the BMP Signaling-Mediated Growth Inhibition of Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082095. [PMID: 32731498 PMCID: PMC7464134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously observed that tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) induces breast cancer metastasis by activating both the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) and phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathways and inhibiting runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). These studies indicated that TrkB expression is crucial to the pathogenesis of breast cancer. However, how TrkB regulates bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and tumor suppression is largely unknown. Herein, we report that TrkB is a key regulator of BMP-mediated tumor suppression. TrkB enhances the metastatic potential of cancer cells by promoting cell anchorage-independent growth, migration, and suppressing BMP-2-mediated growth inhibition. TrkB inhibits the BMP-mediated activation of SMAD family member 1 (SMAD1) by promoting the formation of the TrkB/BMP type II receptor complex and suppresses RUNX3 by depleting BMP receptor I (BMPRI) expression. In addition, the knockdown of TrkB restored the tumor-inhibitory effect of BMP-2 via the activation of SMAD1. Moreover, the TrkB kinase activity was required for its effect on BMP signaling. Our study identified a unique role of TrkB in the regulation of BMP-mediated growth inhibition and BMP-2-induced RUNX3 expression.
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13
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Active targeted ligand-aza-BODIPY conjugate for near-infrared photodynamic therapy in melanoma. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Relevance of Neurotrophin Receptors CD271 and TrkC for Prognosis, Migration, and Proliferation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101167. [PMID: 31569361 PMCID: PMC6830344 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and often has a poor prognosis. The present study investigated the role of the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor CD271 as a putative therapy target in HNSCC. Neurotrophins that bind to CD271 also have a high affinity for the tropomyosin receptor kinase family (Trk), consisting of TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC, which must also be considered in addition to CD271. A retrospective study and functional in vitro cell line tests (migration assay and cell sorting) were conducted in order to evaluate the relevance of CD271 expression alone and with regard to Trk expression. CD271 and Trks were heterogeneously expressed in human HNSCC. The vast majority of tumors exhibited CD271 and TrkA, whereas only half of the tumors expressed TrkB and TrkC. High expression of CD271-positive cells predicted a bad clinical outcome of patients with HNSCC and was associated with distant metastases. However, the human carcinomas that also expressed TrkC had a reduced correlation with distant metastases and better survival rates. In vitro, CD271 expression marked a subpopulation with higher proliferation rates, but proliferation was lower in tumor cells that co-expressed CD271 and TrkC. The CD271 inhibitor LM11A 31 suppressed cell motility in vitro. However, neither TrkA nor TrkB expression were linked to prognosis or cell proliferation. We conclude that CD271 is a promising candidate that provides prognostic information for HNSCC and could be a putative target for HNSCC treatment.
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Abstract
A small molecule motif (IY-IY), which binds the tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC), was used to deliver the promiscuous kinase inhibitor (KI) dasatinib into breast cancer. Conjugates with noncleavable (1) and cleavable (2) linkers were compared in cellular assays and shown to have more impact on the cell viabilities of TrkC+ breast cancer cells over TrkC- epithelial cells. The IY-IY fragment was also used to recruit the E3 ligase cereblon, giving a potent proteolysis targeting chimeric (PROTAC) for TrkC degradation in metastatic breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , Box 30012, College Station , Texas 77842 , United States
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , Box 30012, College Station , Texas 77842 , United States
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16
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Danilenko M, Stamp E, Stocken DD, Husain A, Zangarini M, Cranston A, Stones R, Sinclair N, Hodgson K, Bowett SA, Roblin D, Traversa S, Plummer R, Veal G, Langtry JAA, Ashworth A, Burn J, Rajan N. Targeting Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase in Cutaneous CYLD Defective Tumors With Pegcantratinib: The TRAC Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 154:913-921. [PMID: 29955768 PMCID: PMC6128505 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Question Can targeting tropomyosin receptor kinase with an existing topical kinase inhibitor, pegcantratinib, 0.5% (wt/wt), reduce cutaneous cylindroma tumor volume more than placebo? Findings In this phase 2 clinical trial that included 150 tumors from 15 patients with CYLD cutaneous syndrome, pegcantratinib-treated tumors did not achieve the primary outcome of response. Molecular analyses of biopsy material demonstrated drug penetration; however, drug concentrations achieved were inadequate to abrogate tropomyosin receptor kinase signaling in CYLD cutaneous syndrome tumors. Meaning These findings indicate that further studies should examine dose-escalation of pegcantratinib in these patients. Importance There are no medical interventions for the orphan disease CYLD cutaneous syndrome (CCS). Transcriptomic profiling of CCS skin tumors previously highlighted tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRKs) as candidate therapeutic targets. Objective To investigate if topical targeting of TRK with an existing topical TRK inhibitor, pegcantratinib, 0.5% (wt/wt), is safe and efficacious in CCS. Design, Setting, and Participants A phase 1b open-label safety study, followed by a phase 2a within-patient randomized (by tumor), double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (the Tropomyosin Receptor Antagonism in Cylindromatosis [TRAC] trial). The setting was a single-center trial based at a tertiary dermatogenetics referral center for CCS (Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom). Patients who had germline mutations in CYLD or who satisfied clinical diagnostic criteria for CCS were recruited between March 1, 2015, and July 1, 2016. Interventions In phase 1b, patients with CCS applied pegcantratinib for 4 weeks to a single skin tumor. In phase 2a, allocation of tumors was to either receive active treatment on the right side and placebo on the left side (arm A) or active treatment on the left side and placebo on the right side (arm B). Patients were eligible if they had 10 small skin tumors, with 5 matched lesions on each body side; patients were randomized to receive active treatment (pegcantratinib) to one body side and placebo to the other side once daily for 12 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measure was the number of tumors meeting the criteria for response in a prespecified critical number of pegcantratinib-treated tumors. Secondary clinical outcome measures included an assessment for safety of application, pain in early tumors, and compliance with the trial protocol. Results In phase 1b, 8 female patients with a median age of 60 years (age range, 41-80 years) were recruited and completed the study. None of the participants experienced any adverse treatment site reactions. Three patients reported reduced pain in treated tumors. In phase 2a (15 patients [13 female; median age, 51 years], with 150 tumors), 2 tumors treated with pegcantratinib achieved the primary outcome measure of response compared with 6 tumors treated with placebo. The primary prespecified number of responses was not met. The incidence of adverse events was low. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, pegcantratinib, 0.5% (wt/wt), applied once daily appeared to be well tolerated and to penetrate the tumor tissue; however, the low tumor drug concentrations demonstrated are likely to account for the lack of response. Dose-escalation studies to assess the maximal tolerated dose may be beneficial in future studies of CCS. Trial Registration isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN75715723
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Danilenko
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Stamp
- Biostatistics Research Group, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah D Stocken
- Biostatistics Research Group, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Akhtar Husain
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Zangarini
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Cranston
- Newcastle Clinical Trials Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Stones
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Sinclair
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Hodgson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Susan A Bowett
- Newcastle Clinical Trials Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David Roblin
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruth Plummer
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Veal
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - James A A Langtry
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Ashworth
- University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco
| | - John Burn
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Rajan
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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17
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Zhang L, Li R, Hu K, Dai Y, Pang Y, Jiao Y, Liu Y, Cui L, Shi J, Cheng Z, Fu L. Prognostic role of DOK family adapters in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 26:305-312. [PMID: 30348947 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disease. Gene mutational and expressional profile can aid the identification of different prognostic subgroups. Downstream of tyrosine kinase (DOK) proteins are a multigenic family of adaptors; some of them are key negative regulators of immune cell signaling. However, the expression and clinical implication of DOK family in AML has rarely been investigated. A total of 155 AML patients with DOK family (DOK1-7) expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were enrolled in the study. In patients who only received chemotherapy, those with high expressions of DOK4 or DOK5 had significantly shorter EFS and OS than patients with low expressions (all P < 0.001), whereas high DOK7 expressers had longer EFS and OS than the low expressers (all P < 0.05). In patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), however, all DOK members had no impact on EFS and OS. Multivariate analysis confirmed that high DOK5 expression was an independent risk factor for EFS and OS in untransplanted patients (all P < 0.05). Our study suggests that in AML, high expressions of DOK4 and DOK5 are adverse prognostic factors, high DOK7 expression is a good prognostic factor, but their effects can be overcome by allo-HSCT.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Databases, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multigene Family
- Mutation
- Prognosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Human Resources, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 475000, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 475000, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University, Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yifeng Dai
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yifan Pang
- Department of Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Yang Jiao
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 475000, Kaifeng, China
| | - Longzhen Cui
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 475000, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jinlong Shi
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 475000, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiheng Cheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China.
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 475000, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University, Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China.
- Department of Hematology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 475000, Kaifeng, China.
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18
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Kim MS, Lee HS, Kim YJ, Lee DY, Kang SG, Jin W. MEST induces Twist-1-mediated EMT through STAT3 activation in breast cancers. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2594-2606. [PMID: 30903102 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of imprinting of MEST has been linked to certain types of cancer by promoter switching. However, MEST-mediated regulation of tumorigenicity and metastasis are yet to be understood. Herein, we reported that MEST is a key regulator of IL-6/JAK/STAT3/Twist-1 signal pathway-mediated tumor metastasis. Enhanced MEST expression is significantly associated with pathogenesis of breast cancer patients. Also, MEST induces metastatic potential of breast cancer through induction of the EMT-TFs-mediated EMT program. Moreover, MEST leads to Twist-1 induction by STAT3 activation and subsequently enables the induction of activation of the EMT program via the induction of STAT3 nuclear translocation. Furthermore, the c-terminal region of MEST was essential for STAT3 activation via the induction of JAK2/STAT3 complex formation. Finally, MEST is required for metastasis in an experimental metastasis model. These observations suggest that MEST is a promising target for intervention to prevent tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Haeyang-ro 385, Yeongdo-gu, Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea.,Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jae Kim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Haeyang-ro 385, Yeongdo-gu, Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea.,Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yup Lee
- The Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gyun Kang
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Haeyang-ro 385, Yeongdo-gu, Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wook Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Korea.
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19
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Dokanehiifard S, Soltani BM. TrkC-miR2 regulates TGFβ signaling pathway through targeting of SMAD3 transcript. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2634-2641. [PMID: 30304551 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
TrkC, neurotrophin receptor, functions inside and outside of the nervous system and has a crucial effect on the regulation of cardiovascular formation. Recently, we introduced TrkC-miR2 as a novel microRNA located in TrkC gene, which is a regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. Here, we presented a lot of evidence showing that TrkC-miR2 also regulates the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway. Bioinformatics studies predicted SMAD3 as one of the bona fide TrkC-miR2 target genes. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot analysis, and dual luciferase assay analysis confirmed that SMAD3 is targeted by TrkC-miR2. On the other hand, overexpression of TrkC-miR2 in cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) rendered downregulation of TGFβR1, TGFβR2, and SMAD7 detected by RT-qPCR. Consistently, an inverse correlation of expression between TrkC-miR2 and SMAD3 genes was detected during the course of CDC differentiation, and also during the course of human embryonic stem cells differentiation to cardiomyocytes. Overall, we conclude that TrkC-miR2 downregulates the expression of SMAD3 and potentially regulates the TGFβ signaling pathway. Knowing its approved effect on Wnt signaling, TrkC-miR2 here is introduced as a common regulator of both the Wnt and TGFβ signaling pathways. Therefore, it may be a potential key element in controlling both of these signaling pathways in cell processes like colorectal cancer and cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadat Dokanehiifard
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram M Soltani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Jiang Z, Yang Z, Li F, Li Z, Fishkin N, Burgess K. Targeted Maytansinoid Conjugate Improves Therapeutic Index for Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2920-2926. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Zhen Yang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Feng Li
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zheng Li
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Nathan Fishkin
- ImmunoGen, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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21
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Yang Z, Usama SM, Li F, Burgess K, Li Z. A zwitterionic near-infrared dye linked TrkC targeting agent for imaging metastatic breast cancer. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1754-1760. [PMID: 30429980 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00190a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Much effort has been devoted to targeting agents for imaging and chemotherapy of tumors in cancer research, but there remain significant unmet needs in that area. We have reported a series of preclinical TrkC targeting agents for diagnoses and treatment of metastatic breast cancer; however, with respect to optical imaging, there are limitations to the agents already disclosed. In this work, a TrkC targeting fragment was equipped with a zwitterionic cyanine dye to give a near-infrared probe for in vivo imaging of metastatic breast tumors, with excitation and emission wavelengths of 760 and 780 nm, respectively, and facilitate the aqueous dissolution of the final design. To our delight, the newly developed probe maintained the specific targeting to TrkC+ 4T1 metastatic breast tumor cells as well as the TrkC+ metastatic breast tumor tissue. Upon injection into 4T1-tumor-bearing mice, the tumor was visualized in vivo and ex vivo through the fluorescence signal of the probe. These data seem to encourage further investigations toward developing a TrkC targeting agent for the diagnosis of metastatic breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Center for Bioenergetics , Houston Methodist Research Institute , Houston , TX 77030 , USA .
| | - Syed Muhammad Usama
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A & M University , Box 30012 , College Station , TX 77842 , USA .
| | - Feng Li
- Center for Bioenergetics , Houston Methodist Research Institute , Houston , TX 77030 , USA .
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A & M University , Box 30012 , College Station , TX 77842 , USA .
| | - Zheng Li
- Center for Bioenergetics , Houston Methodist Research Institute , Houston , TX 77030 , USA .
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22
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Kim MS, Suh KW, Hong S, Jin W. TrkC promotes colorectal cancer growth and metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41319-41333. [PMID: 28455963 PMCID: PMC5522271 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The current work reveals that TrkC receptor is crucial to many aspects of tumorigenicity and metastasis of cancer. However, with only a few exceptions, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), where suppressing tumorigenic and metastatic ability via expression of TrkC as tumor suppressor have been proposed. These diverse lines of evidence led us to investigate whether TrkC is involved in CRC progression. By using mouse models and molecular biology analyses, we demonstrate that TrkC acts as an activator in tumorigenicity and metastasis of colorectal cancer. In this study, TrkC was frequently overexpressed in CRC cells, patients’ tumor samples and an azoxymethane/dextran sulphate sodium-induced mouse model of colitis-associated CRCs. TrkC expression was associated with a high-grade CRC phenotype, leading to significantly poorer survival. Also, TrkC expression promoted the acquisition of motility and invasiveness in CRC. Moreover, TrkC increased the ability to form tumor spheroids, a property associated with cancer stem cells. Importantly, knockdown of TrkC in malignant mouse or human CRC cells inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in a mouse xenograft model. Furthermore, TrkC enhanced metastatic potential and induced proliferation by aberrant gain of AKT activation and suppression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling. Interestingly, TrkC not only modulated the actions of TGF-β type II receptor, but also attenuated expression of this receptor. These findings reveal an unexpected physiological role of TrkC in the pathogenesis of CRC. Therefore, TrkC is a potential target for designing effective therapeutic strategies for CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Kwang Wook Suh
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Yeongto-gu, Suwon 443-380, Korea
| | - Suntaek Hong
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Wook Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea.,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 405-760, Korea
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23
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Xiong D, Sheng Y, Ding S, Chen J, Tan X, Zeng T, Qin D, Zhu L, Huang A, Tang H. LINC00052 regulates the expression of NTRK3 by miR-128 and miR-485-3p to strengthen HCC cells invasion and migration. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47593-47608. [PMID: 27351280 PMCID: PMC5216964 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a group of RNAs that are more than 200 nt in length but cannot encode proteins. Accumulating evidences showed that abnormal LncRNA expressions are highly involved in many kinds of tumor. By using gene trap methods which could knockdown gene expression to find important genes, we found one LncRNA which called intergenic non-protein coding RNA 52 (LINC00052) has the ability to inhibit invasion and migration of hepatocarcinoma cells. We found that invasion, migration and proliferation abilities in SMMC7721 cell were inhibited after up-expressing LINC00052. We identified that NTRK3 was the target gene of LINC00052. Down-expression of NTRK3 could increase SMMC7721 cell invasion, migration and proliferation. Meanwhile, we discovered that LINC00052 could regulate NTRK3 expression by forming complementary base pairing with miR-128 and miR-485-3p to reduce the luciferase activity of NTRK3 3′UTR. These results reveal a new mechanism for understanding hepatocarcinoma cells invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanrui Sheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xixi Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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24
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Kamkaew A, Li F, Li Z, Burgess K. An agent for optical imaging of TrkC-expressing, breast cancer. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1946-1952. [PMID: 30108715 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00328e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinases receptor C is expressed at high levels on the surface of tumors from metastatic breast cancer, metastatic melanoma, glioblastoma, and neuroblastoma. Previous studies have shown synthetic TrkC ligands bearing agents for photodynamic therapy could be used to completely ablate 4T1 metastatic breast tumors and suppress metastatic spread in vivo. Modification of these probes (A in the text) to make them suitable for near infrared optical imaging in vivo would require a substantial increase in molecular mass (and hence increased vulnerability to undesirable absorption, metabolism and immunogenicity effects), or significant changes to the probe design which might compromise binding to TrkC in histochemical studies and on live cells. The research featured here was undertaken to investigate if the second strategy could be achieved without compromising binding to TrkC-expressing tissues. Specifically, an "aza-BODIPY" probe was synthesized to replace a spacer fragment in the original probe A. In the event, this new probe design (1a in the text) binds TrkC+ breast cancer in live cell cultures, in histochemical studies and in an in vivo murine model. Probe 1a binds TrkC+ tissues with good contrast with respect to healthy tissues, and much more strongly than an isomeric, non-TrkC binding, probe (1b) prepared as a negative control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyanee Kamkaew
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A & M University , Box 30012, College Station , TX 77842 , USA . .,School of Chemistry , Institute of Science , Suranaree University of Technology , Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 , Thailand
| | - Feng Li
- Center for Bioenergetics , Houston Methodist Research Institute , Houston , TX 77030 , USA .
| | - Zheng Li
- Center for Bioenergetics , Houston Methodist Research Institute , Houston , TX 77030 , USA .
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A & M University , Box 30012, College Station , TX 77842 , USA .
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Ge L, Li N, Liu M, Xu NZ, Wang MR, Wu LY. Copy number variations of neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase 3 (NTRK3) may predict prognosis of ovarian cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7621. [PMID: 28746220 PMCID: PMC5627846 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum resistance is a critical barrier for clinicians to improve the survival of ovarian cancer. Our study evaluated the correlation between copy number variations (CNVs) of neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase 3 (NTRK3) and the prognosis of ovarian cancer, which might predict platinum resistance in ovarian cancer patients.Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to test gene backgrounds between platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant relapsed populations and CNVs of NTRK3 were indicated by cluster analysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was adopted in 41 cases for further verification, which confirmed the results of array CGH. Spearman's rank correlation analysis and χ test were used to evaluate the accuracy of CNVs of NTRK3 which predicted platinum-sensitive or platinum-resistant recurrence.We detected CNVs of NTRK3 between 2 groups by array CGH, and amplification of NTRK3 was confirmed by FISH in the platinum-sensitive recurrence group with enlarged samples. The test concordance of 2 methods was 78.6%. Among 41 cases with satisfied FISH results, the median time to recurrence (TTR) of patients with amplified and nonamplified NTRK3 were respectively 18 and 5 months (P <.01). The cut-off value of TTR to differentiate platinum-sensitive or platinum-resistant recurrence was 6 months in accordance with clinical practice. According to the above standard, 15 cases with NTRK3 amplification were platinum-sensitive and 12 cases without NTRK3 amplification were platinum-resistant recurrences which demonstrated that the accuracy of NTRK3 amplification/nonamplification to predict recurrent types was 65.9% (27/41).CNVs of NTRK3 were associated with platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant recurrences. Amplification of NTRK3 perfectly predicted platinum-sensitive relapse of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ge
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology
| | - Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning-Zhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Catic A, Kurtovic-Kozaric A, Johnson SH, Vasmatzis G, Pins MR, Kogan J. A novel cytogenetic and molecular characterization of renal metanephric adenoma: Identification of partner genes involved in translocation t(9;15)(p24;q24). Cancer Genet 2017; 214-215:9-15. [PMID: 28595733 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Renal metanephric adenoma (MA) is a rare benign tumor frequently misclassified when microscopic features alone are applied. The correct classification of a renal tumor is critical for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. Despite the advancements in cancer genomics, up until recently relatively few genetic alterations critical to MA development have been recognized. Recent data suggest that 90% of MA have BRAFV600E mutations; the genetics of the remaining 10% are unclear. To date, only one case of a chromosomal translocation, t(9;15)(p24;q24) associated with MA has been reported. However, the potential role of the KANK1 gene, which lies near the breakpoint of the short arm of chromosome 9p24, in the etiology of MA was not examined. We identified the same cytogenetic aberration utilizing molecular cytogenetic techniques in a 22-year-old female patient, and further investigated the genes involved in the translocation that might have contributed to tumorigenesis. A series of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes identified the rearranged genes to be KANK1 on chromosome 9 (9p24.3) and NTRK3 on chromosome 15 (15q25.3). Mate-Pair genome sequencing validated the balanced translocation between 9p24.3 and 15q25.3, involving genes KANK1 and NTRK3, respectively. BRAFV600E mutational analysis was normal. Our findings indicate that gene fusions may be one mechanism by which functionally relevant genes are altered in the development of MA. Molecular and cytogenetic analyses have elucidated a novel genetic aberration, which helps to provide a better understanding of this genomic change and assist in diagnosis and classification of new subgroups/entities in metanephric adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Catic
- Department of Cytogenetics, ACL Laboratories, Rosemont, Illinois, USA; International Burch University, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amina Kurtovic-Kozaric
- International Burch University, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Department of Clinical Pathology, Cytology and Human Genetics, Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sarah H Johnson
- Center for Individualized Medicine (CIM), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - George Vasmatzis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael R Pins
- Department of Pathology, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois, USA; Department of Pathology, Chicago Medical School of Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jillene Kogan
- Department of Cytogenetics, ACL Laboratories, Rosemont, Illinois, USA; Department of Pathology, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois, USA; Advocate Medical Group Genetics, Park Ridge, Illinois, USA.
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27
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Cranston A, Stocken DD, Stamp E, Roblin D, Hamlin J, Langtry J, Plummer R, Ashworth A, Burn J, Rajan N. Tropomyosin Receptor Antagonism in Cylindromatosis (TRAC), an early phase trial of a topical tropomyosin kinase inhibitor as a treatment for inherited CYLD defective skin tumours: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:111. [PMID: 28270164 PMCID: PMC5341402 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-1812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with germline mutations in a tumour suppressor gene called CYLD develop multiple, disfiguring, hair follicle tumours on the head and neck. The prognosis is poor, with up to one in four mutation carriers requiring complete surgical removal of the scalp. There are no effective medical alternatives to treat this condition. Whole genome molecular profiling experiments led to the discovery of an attractive molecular target in these skin tumour cells, named tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK), upon which these cells demonstrate an oncogenic dependency in preclinical studies. Recently, the development of an ointment containing a TRK inhibitor (pegcantratinib — previously CT327 — from Creabilis SA) allowed for the assessment of TRK inhibition in tumours from patients with inherited CYLD mutations. Methods/design Tropomysin Receptor Antagonism in Cylindromatosis (TRAC) is a two-part, exploratory, early phase, single-centre trial. Cohort 1 is a phase 1b open-labelled trial, and cohort 2 is a phase 2a randomised double-blinded exploratory placebo-controlled trial. Cohort 1 will determine the safety and acceptability of applying pegcantratinib for 4 weeks to a single tumour on a CYLD mutation carrier that is scheduled for a routine lesion excision (n = 8 patients). Cohort 2 will investigate if CYLD defective tumours respond following 12 weeks of treatment with pegcantratinib. As patients have multiple tumours, we intend to treat 10 tumours in each patient, 5 with active treatment and 5 with placebo. Patients will be allocated both active and placebo treatments to be applied randomly to tumours on the left or right side. The target is to treat 150 tumours in a maximum of 20 patients. Tumour volume will be measured at baseline and at 4 and 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure is the proportion of tumours responding to treatment by 12 weeks, based on change in tumour volume, with secondary measures based on adverse event profile, treatment compliance and acceptability, changes in tumour volume and surface area, patient quality of life and pain. Discussion Interventions for rare genetic skin diseases are often difficult to assess in an unbiased way due to small patient numbers and the challenges of incorporating adequate controls into trial design. Here we present a single-centre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial design that leverages the multiplicity of tumours seen in an inherited skin tumour syndrome that may inform the design of other studies in similar genetic diseases. Trial registration International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Registry, ISRCTN75715723. Registered on 22 October 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1812-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Cranston
- Newcastle Clinical Trials Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AE, UK.
| | - Deborah D Stocken
- Newcastle Clinical Trials Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AE, UK.,Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Elaine Stamp
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - David Roblin
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Julia Hamlin
- Ziarco Pharma Ltd, Innovation House, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9ND, UK
| | - James Langtry
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Ruth Plummer
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Alan Ashworth
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - John Burn
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Neil Rajan
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
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28
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Oczko-Wojciechowska M, Swierniak M, Krajewska J, Kowalska M, Kowal M, Stokowy T, Wojtas B, Rusinek D, Pawlaczek A, Czarniecka A, Szpak-Ulczok S, Gawlik T, Chmielik E, Tyszkiewicz T, Nikiel B, Lange D, Jarzab M, Wiench M, Jarzab B. Differences in the transcriptome of medullary thyroid cancer regarding the status and type of RET gene mutations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42074. [PMID: 28181547 PMCID: PMC5299608 DOI: 10.1038/srep42074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) can be caused by germline mutations of the RET proto-oncogene or occurs as a sporadic form. It is well known that RET mutations affecting the cysteine-rich region of the protein (MEN2A-like mutations) are correlated with different phenotypes than those in the kinase domain (MEN2B-like mutations). Our aim was to analyse the whole-gene expression profile of MTC with regard to the type of RET gene mutation and the cancer genetic background (hereditary vs sporadic). We studied 86 MTC samples. We demonstrated that there were no distinct differences in the gene expression profiles of hereditary and sporadic MTCs. This suggests a homogeneous nature of MTC. We also noticed that the site of the RET gene mutation slightly influenced the gene expression profile of MTC. We found a significant association between the localization of RET mutations and the expression of three genes: NNAT (suggested to be a tumour suppressor gene), CDC14B (involved in cell cycle control) and NTRK3 (tyrosine receptor kinase that undergoes rearrangement in papillary thyroid cancer). This study suggests that these genes are significantly deregulated in tumours with MEN2A-like and MEN2B-like mutations; however, further investigations are necessary to demonstrate any clinical impact of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Oczko-Wojciechowska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Michal Swierniak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Poland
- Genomic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Krajewska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kowalska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Monika Kowal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stokowy
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bartosz Wojtas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Dagmara Rusinek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pawlaczek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czarniecka
- The Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery Clinic, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sylwia Szpak-Ulczok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gawlik
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Ewa Chmielik
- Tumour Pathology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tyszkiewicz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Barbara Nikiel
- Tumour Pathology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dariusz Lange
- Tumour Pathology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Michal Jarzab
- III Radiotherapy Clinic, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Wiench
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Jarzab
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Poland
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29
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Dokanehiifard S, Yasari A, Najafi H, Jafarzadeh M, Nikkhah M, Mowla SJ, Soltani BM. A novel microRNA located in the TrkC gene regulates the Wnt signaling pathway and is differentially expressed in colorectal cancer specimens. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:7566-7577. [PMID: 28100780 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.760710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC) is involved in cell survival, apoptosis, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. TrkC diverse functions might be attributed to the hypothetical non-coding RNAs embedded within the gene. Using bioinformatics approaches, a novel microRNA named TrkC-miR2 was predicted within the TrkC gene capable of regulating the Wnt pathway. For experimental verification of this microRNA, the predicted TrkC-premir2 sequence was overexpressed in SW480 cells, which led to the detection of two mature TrkC-miR2 isomiRs, and their endogenous forms were detected in human cell lines as well. Later, an independent promoter was deduced for TrkC-miR2 after the treatment of HCT116 cells with 5-azacytidine, which resulted in differential expression of TrkC-miR2 and TrkC host gene. RT-quantitative PCR and luciferase assays indicated that the APC2 gene is targeted by TrkC-miR2, and Wnt signaling is up-regulated. Also, Wnt inhibition by using small molecules along with TrkC-miR2 overexpression and TOP/FOP flash assays confirmed the positive effect of TrkC-miR2 on the Wnt pathway. Consistently, TrkC-miR2 overexpression promoted SW480 cell survival, which was detected by flow cytometry, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays, and crystal violate analysis. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that TrkC-miR2 is significantly up-regulated (∼70 times) in colorectal tumor tissues compared with their normal pairs. Moreover, the TrkC-miR2 expression level discriminated grades of tumor malignancies, which was consistent with its endogenous levels in HCT116, HT29, and SW480 colorectal cancer cell lines. Finally, an opposite expression pattern was observed for TrkC-miR2 and the APC2 gene in colorectal cancer specimens. In conclusion, here we introduce TrkC-miR2 as a novel regulator of Wnt signaling, which might be a candidate oncogenic colorectal cancer biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadat Dokanehiifard
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences and
| | - Atena Yasari
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences and
| | - Hadi Najafi
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences and
| | - Meisam Jafarzadeh
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences and
| | - Maryam Nikkhah
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 111-14115
| | - Seyed Javad Mowla
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences and
| | - Bahram M Soltani
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences and
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30
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Gao M, Yu F, Lv C, Choo J, Chen L. Fluorescent chemical probes for accurate tumor diagnosis and targeting therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2237-2271. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00908e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on small molecular ligand-targeted fluorescent imaging probes and fluorescent theranostics, including their design strategies and applications in clinical tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
- Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
- Binzhou 256603
- China
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Bionano Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 426-791
- South Korea
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
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31
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Kue CS, Kamkaew A, Voon SH, Kiew LV, Chung LY, Burgess K, Lee HB. Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase C Targeted Delivery of a Peptidomimetic Ligand-Photosensitizer Conjugate Induces Antitumor Immune Responses Following Photodynamic Therapy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37209. [PMID: 27853305 PMCID: PMC5112560 DOI: 10.1038/srep37209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC) targeted ligand-photosensitizer construct, IYIY-diiodo-boron-dipyrromethene (IYIY-I2-BODIPY) and its scrambled counterpart YIYI-I2-BODIPY have been prepared. IYIY-I2-BODIPY binds TrkC similar to neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and NT-3 has been reported to modulate immune responses. Moreover, it could be shown that photodynamic therapy (PDT) elevates antitumor immune responses. This prompted us to investigate the immunological impacts mediated by IYIY-I2-BODIPY in pre- and post-PDT conditions. We demonstrated that IYIY-I2-BODIPY (strong response) and YIYI-I2-BODIPY (weak response) at 10 mg/kg, but not I2-BODIPY control, increased the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-17, but decreased the levels of systemic immunoregulatory mediators TGF-β, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T-cells. Only IYIY-I2-BODIPY enhanced the IFN-γ+ and IL-17+ T-lymphocytes, and delayed tumor growth (~20% smaller size) in mice when administrated daily for 5 days. All those effects were observed without irradiation; when irradiated (520 nm, 100 J/cm2, 160 mW/cm2) to produce PDT effects (drug-light interval 1 h), IYIY-I2-BODIPY induced stronger responses. Moreover, photoirradiated IYIY-I2-BODIPY treated mice had high levels of effector T-cells compared to controls. Adoptive transfer of immune cells from IYIY-I2-BODIPY-treated survivor mice that were photoirradiated gave significantly delayed tumor growth (~40–50% smaller size) in recipient mice. IYIY-I2-BODIPY alone and in combination with PDT modulates the immune response in such a way that tumor growth is suppressed. Unlike immunosuppressive conventional chemotherapy, IYIY-I2-BODIPY can act as an immune-stimulatory chemotherapeutic agent with potential applications in clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Siang Kue
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anyanee Kamkaew
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A &M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Siew Hui Voon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A &M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tammiku-Taul J, Park R, Jaanson K, Luberg K, Dobchev DA, Kananovich D, Noole A, Mandel M, Kaasik A, Lopp M, Timmusk T, Karelson M. Indole-like Trk receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:541-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kim MS, Jeong J, Seo J, Kim HS, Kim SJ, Jin W. Dysregulated JAK2 expression by TrkC promotes metastasis potential, and EMT program of metastatic breast cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33899. [PMID: 27654855 PMCID: PMC5032000 DOI: 10.1038/srep33899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancers are aggressive tumors associated with high levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, activation of IL6/JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT pathways for cell growth, mobility, invasion, metastasis, and CSC status. We identified a new molecular and functional network present in metastasis that regulates and coordinates with TrkC. Inhibition of SOCS3-mediated JAK2 degradation by TrkC increases total JAK2/STAT3 expression, and then leads to upregulation of Twist-1 through activation of JAK2/STAT3 cascade. Also, TrkC increases secretion and expression of IL-6, suggesting that this autocrine loop generated by TrkC maintains the mesenchymal state by continued activation of the JAK2/STAT3 cascade and upregulation of Twist expression. Moreover, TrkC interacts with the c-Src/Jak2 complex, which increases Twist-1 and Twist-2 levels via regulation of JAK2/STAT3 activation and JAK2/STAT3 expression. Furthermore, TrkC enhances metastatic potential of breast cancer via induction of EMT by upregulating Twist-1 and Twist-2. Additionally, TrkC significantly enhances the ability of breast cancer cells to form pulmonary metastases and primary tumor formation. Unexpectedly, we found that TrkC expression and clinical breast tumor pathological phenotypes show significant correlation. These findings suggest that TrkC plays a central role in tumorigenicity, metastasis, and self-renewal traits of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Joon Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Medical College, 712 Eonjuro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 135-720, Korea
| | - Jeongbeob Seo
- Medicinal Chemistry, CMG Pharma, 335, CHA Bio Complex, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Korea
| | - Hae-Suk Kim
- TheragenEtex Bio Institute, TheragenEtex Co., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- Nano-Bio Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, and Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea.,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 405-760, Korea
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Kim MS, Lee WS, Jeong J, Kim SJ, Jin W. Induction of metastatic potential by TrkB via activation of IL6/JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40158-71. [PMID: 26515594 PMCID: PMC4741886 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In metastatic breast cancers, the acquisition of metastatic ability, which leads to clinically incurable disease and poor survival, has been associated with acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program and self-renewing trait (CSCs) via activation of PI3K/AKT and IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways. We found that TrkB is a key regulator of PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT signal pathway-mediated tumor metastasis and EMT program. Here, we demonstrated that TrkB activates AKT by directly binding to c-Src, leading to increased proliferation. Also, TrkB increases Twist-1 and Twist-2 expression through activation of JAK2/STAT3 by inducing c-Src-JAK2 complex formation. Furthermore, TrkB in the absence of c-Src binds directly to JAK2 and inhibits SOCS3-mediated JAK2 degradation, resulting in increased total JAK2 and STAT3 levels, which subsequently leads to JAK2/STAT3 activation and Twist-1 upregulation. Additionally, activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway via induction of IL-6 secretion by TrkB enables induction of activation of the EMT program via induction of STAT3 nuclear translocation. These observations suggest that TrkB is a promising target for future intervention strategies to prevent tumor metastasis, EMT program and self-renewing trait in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Won Sung Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Joon Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Kangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Kangnam, Seoul 146-92, Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Kyunggi-do 463-400, Korea
| | - Wook Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea.,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 405-760, Korea
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35
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Saleh AJ, Soltani BM, Dokanehiifard S, Medlej A, Tavalaei M, Mowla SJ. Experimental verification of a predicted novel microRNA located in human PIK3CA gene with a potential oncogenic function in colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14089-14101. [PMID: 27511117 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K/AKT signaling is involved in cell survival, proliferation, and migration. In this pathway, PI3Kα enzyme is composed of a regulatory protein encoded by p85 gene and a catalytic protein encoded by PIK3CA gene. Human PIK3CA locus is amplified in several cancers including lung and colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, microRNAs (miRNAs) that are encoded within the PIK3CA gene might have a role in cancer development. Here, we report a novel microRNA named PIK3CA-miR1 (EBI accession no. LN626315), which is located within PIK3CA gene. A DNA segment corresponding to PIK3CA-premir1 sequence was transfected in human cell lines that resulted in generation of mature exogenous PIK3CA-miR1. Following the overexpression of PIK3CA-miR1, its predicted target genes (APPL1 and TrkC) were significantly downregulated in the CRC-originated HCT116 and SW480 cell lines, detected by qRT-PCR. Then, dual luciferase assay supported the interaction of PIK3CA-miR1 with APPL1 and TrkC transcripts. Endogenous PIK3CA-miR1 expression was also detected in several cell lines (highly in HCT116 and SW480) and highly in CRC specimens. Consistently, overexpression of PIK3CA-premir1 in HCT116 and SW480 cells resulted in significant reduction of the sub-G1 cell distribution and apoptotic cell rate, as detected by flowcytometry, and resulted in increased cell proliferation, as detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. PIK3CA-miR1 overexpression also resulted in Wnt signaling upregulation detected by Top/Fop assay. Overall, accumulative evidences indicated the presence of a bona fide novel onco-miRNA encoded within the PIK3CA oncogene, which is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and has a survival effect in CRC-originated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jason Saleh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram M Soltani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sadat Dokanehiifard
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdallah Medlej
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Javad Mowla
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Kue CS, Kamkaew A, Burgess K, Kiew LV, Chung LY, Lee HB. Small Molecules for Active Targeting in Cancer. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:494-575. [PMID: 26992114 DOI: 10.1002/med.21387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
For the purpose of this review, active targeting in cancer research encompasses strategies wherein a ligand for a cell surface receptor expressed on tumor cells is used to deliver a cytotoxic or imaging cargo. This area of research is more than two decades old, but in those 20 and more years, how many receptors have been studied extensively? What kinds of the ligands are used for active targeting? Are they mostly naturally occurring molecules such as folic acid, or synthetic substances developed in campaigns for medicinal chemistry efforts? This review outlines the most important receptor or ligand combinations that have been used in active targeting to answer these questions, and therefore to address the most important one of all: is research in active targeting affording diminishing returns, or is this an area for which the potential far exceeds progress made so far?
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin S Kue
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anyanee Kamkaew
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX, 77842
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX, 77842
| | - Lik V Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lip Y Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hong B Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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37
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Kim MS, Lee WS, Jin W. TrkB Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis via Suppression of Runx3 and Keap1 Expression. Mol Cells 2016; 39:258-65. [PMID: 26657794 PMCID: PMC4794608 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In metastatic breast cancer, the acquisition of malignant traits has been associated with the increased rate of cell growth and division, mobility, resistance to chemotherapy, and invasiveness. While screening for the key regulators of cancer metastasis, we observed that neurotrophin receptor TrkB is frequently overexpressed in breast cancer patients and breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, we demonstrate that TrkB expression and clinical breast tumor pathological phenotypes show significant correlation. Moreover, TrkB expression was significantly upregulated in basal-like, claudin-low, and metaplastic breast cancers from a published microarray database and in patients with triple-negative breast cancer, which is associated with a higher risk of invasive recurrence. Interestingly, we identified a new TrkB-regulated functional network that is important for the tumorigenicity and metastasis of breast cancer. We demonstrated that TrkB plays a key role in regulation of the tumor suppressors Runx3 and Keap1. A markedly increased expression of Runx3 and Keap1 was observed upon knockdown of TrkB, treatment with a TrkB inhibitor, and in TrkB kinase dead mutants. Additionally, the inhibition of PI3K/AKT activation significantly induced Runx3 and Keap1 expression. Furthermore, we showed that TrkB enhances metastatic potential and induces proliferation. These observations suggest that TrkB plays a key role in tumorigenicity and metastasis of breast cancer cells through suppression of Runx3 or Keap1 and that it is a promising target for future intervention strategies for preventing tumor metastasis and cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840,
Korea
| | - Won Sung Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840,
Korea
| | - Wook Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840,
Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 405-760,
Korea
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38
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Iyer R, Wehrmann L, Golden RL, Naraparaju K, Croucher JL, MacFarland SP, Guan P, Kolla V, Wei G, Cam N, Li G, Hornby Z, Brodeur GM. Entrectinib is a potent inhibitor of Trk-driven neuroblastomas in a xenograft mouse model. Cancer Lett 2016; 372:179-86. [PMID: 26797418 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common and deadly childhood solid tumors. These tumors are characterized by clinical heterogeneity, from spontaneous regression to relentless progression, and the Trk family of neurotrophin receptors plays an important role in this heterogeneous behavior. We wanted to determine if entrectinib (RXDX-101, Ignyta, Inc.), an oral Pan-Trk, Alk and Ros1 inhibitor, was effective in our NB model. In vitro effects of entrectinib, either as a single agent or in combination with the chemotherapeutic agents Irinotecan (Irino) and Temozolomide (TMZ), were studied on an SH-SY5Y cell line stably transfected with TrkB. In vivo growth inhibition activity was studied in NB xenografts, again as a single agent or in combination with Irino-TMZ. Entrectinib significantly inhibited the growth of TrkB-expressing NB cells in vitro, and it significantly enhanced the growth inhibition of Irino-TMZ when used in combination. Single agent therapy resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition in animals treated with entrectinib compared to control animals [p < 0.0001 for event-free survival (EFS)]. Addition of entrectinib to Irino-TMZ also significantly improved the EFS of animals compared to vehicle or Irino-TMZ treated animals [p < 0.0001 for combination vs. control, p = 0.0012 for combination vs. Irino-TMZ]. We show that entrectinib inhibits growth of TrkB expressing NB cells in vitro and in vivo, and that it enhances the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy in in vivo models. Our data suggest that entrectinib is a potent Trk inhibitor and should be tested in clinical trials for NBs and other Trk-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Iyer
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lea Wehrmann
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca L Golden
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Koumudi Naraparaju
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jamie L Croucher
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Suzanne P MacFarland
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peng Guan
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Venkatadri Kolla
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ge Wei
- The Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Cam
- The Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gang Li
- The Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zachary Hornby
- The Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Garrett M Brodeur
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Ignyta Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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39
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Copy number analysis of ductal carcinoma in situ with and without recurrence. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:1174-84. [PMID: 26321097 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2015.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor of invasive breast cancer and a frequent mammographic finding requiring treatment. Up to 25% of DCIS can recur and half of recurrences are invasive, but there are no reliable biomarkers for recurrence. We hypothesised that copy number aberrations could predict likelihood of recurrence. We analysed a cohort of pure DCIS cases treated only with wide local excision for genome-wide copy number and loss of heterozygosity using Affymetrix OncoScan MIP arrays. Cases included those without recurrence within 7 years (n = 25) and with recurrence between 1 and 5 years after diagnosis (n = 15). Pure DCIS were broadly similar in copy number changes compared with invasive breast cancer, with the consistent exception of a greater frequency of ERBB2 amplification in DCIS. There were no significant differences in age or ER status between the cases with a recurrence vs those without. Overall, the DCIS cases with recurrence had more copy number events than the DCIS without recurrence. The increased copy number appeared non-random with several genomic regions showing an increase in frequency in recurrent cases, including 20 q gain, ERBB2 amplification and 15q loss. Copy number changes may provide prognostic information for DCIS recurrence, but validation in additional cohorts is required.
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40
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Okayama A, Miyagi Y, Oshita F, Ito H, Nakayama H, Nishi M, Kurata Y, Kimura Y, Ryo A, Hirano H. Identification of Tyrosine-Phosphorylated Proteins Upregulated during Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Induced with TGF-β. J Proteome Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Okayama
- Yokohama City University, Advanced Medical Research Center, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Oshita
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ito
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Nakayama
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kurata
- Yokohama City University, Advanced Medical Research Center, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Yokohama City University, Advanced Medical Research Center, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hirano
- Yokohama City University, Advanced Medical Research Center, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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41
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Reactivation of multipotency by oncogenic PIK3CA induces breast tumour heterogeneity. Nature 2015; 525:119-23. [PMID: 26266985 DOI: 10.1038/nature14665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women and consists of heterogeneous types of tumours that are classified into different histological and molecular subtypes. PIK3CA and P53 (also known as TP53) are the two most frequently mutated genes and are associated with different types of human breast cancers. The cellular origin and the mechanisms leading to PIK3CA-induced tumour heterogeneity remain unknown. Here we used a genetic approach in mice to define the cellular origin of Pik3ca-derived tumours and the impact of mutations in this gene on tumour heterogeneity. Surprisingly, oncogenic Pik3ca(H1047R) mutant expression at physiological levels in basal cells using keratin (K)5-CreER(T2) mice induced the formation of luminal oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive/progesterone receptor (PR)-positive tumours, while its expression in luminal cells using K8-CReER(T2) mice gave rise to luminal ER(+)PR(+) tumours or basal-like ER(-)PR(-) tumours. Concomitant deletion of p53 and expression of Pik3ca(H1047R) accelerated tumour development and induced more aggressive mammary tumours. Interestingly, expression of Pik3ca(H1047R) in unipotent basal cells gave rise to luminal-like cells, while its expression in unipotent luminal cells gave rise to basal-like cells before progressing into invasive tumours. Transcriptional profiling of cells that underwent cell fate transition upon Pik3ca(H1047R) expression in unipotent progenitors demonstrated a profound oncogene-induced reprogramming of these newly formed cells and identified gene signatures characteristic of the different cell fate switches that occur upon Pik3ca(H1047R) expression in basal and luminal cells, which correlated with the cell of origin, tumour type and different clinical outcomes. Altogether our study identifies the cellular origin of Pik3ca-induced tumours and reveals that oncogenic Pik3ca(H1047R) activates a multipotent genetic program in normally lineage-restricted populations at the early stage of tumour initiation, setting the stage for future intratumoural heterogeneity. These results have important implications for our understanding of the mechanisms controlling tumour heterogeneity and the development of new strategies to block PIK3CA breast cancer initiation.
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42
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Dokanehiifard S, Soltani BM, Parsi S, Hosseini F, Javan M, Mowla SJ. Experimental verification of a conserved intronic microRNA located in the human TrkC gene with a cell type-dependent apoptotic function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2613-25. [PMID: 25772499 PMCID: PMC11113298 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC) is involved in cell survival, apoptosis induction and tumorigenesis. We hypothesized that, similar to p75(NTR) receptor, some of the diverse functions of TrkC could be mediated by a microRNA (miRNA) embedded within the gene. Here, we experimentally verified the expression and processing of two bioinformatically predicted miRNAs named TrkC-miR1-5p and TrkC-miR1-3p. Transfecting a DNA fragment corresponding to the TrkC-premir1 sequence in HEK293t cells caused ~300-fold elevation in the level of mature TrkC-miR1 and also a significant downregulation of its predicted target genes. Furthermore, endogenous TrkC-miR1 was detected in several cell lines and brain tumors confirming its endogenous generation. Furthermore, its orthologous miRNA was detected in developing rat brain. Accordingly, TrkC-miR1 expression was increased during the course of neural differentiation of NT2 cell, whereas its suppression attenuated NT2 differentiation. Consistent with opposite functions of TrkC, TrkC-miR1 overexpression promoted survival and apoptosis in U87 and HEK293t cell lines, respectively. In conclusion, our data report the discovery of a new miRNA with overlapping function to TrkC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadat Dokanehiifard
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram M. Soltani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Parsi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Hosseini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Mowla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Epping MT, Lunardi A, Nachmani D, Castillo-Martin M, Thin TH, Cordon-Cardo C, Pandolfi PP. TSPYL2 is an essential component of the REST/NRSF transcriptional complex for TGFβ signaling activation. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1353-62. [PMID: 25613376 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
REST/NRSF is a transcriptional repressor of neuronal genes that has been implicated in development and cancer. In epithelial tissues, REST acts as a tumor suppressor and in breast cancer, loss of REST is associated with disease recurrence and poor prognosis. Here, we identify TSPYL2 (also known as CDA1 and DENTT) as a novel component of the REST protein complex. We show that REST and TSPYL2 are regulators of TGFβ signaling and that cell-cycle arrest induced by TGFβ requires both REST and TSPYL2. Importantly, knockdown of REST or TSPYL2 resulted in transformation of human mammary epithelial cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the TSPYL2/REST complex promotes TGFβ signaling by repressing the expression of genes, such as the proto-oncogene neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor C (TrkC). These data provide insight into the role of REST as a tumor suppressor in epithelial tissues through the regulation of the TGFβ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Epping
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Lunardi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Nachmani
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Castillo-Martin
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - T H Thin
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - P P Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Kue CS, Kamkaew A, Lee HB, Chung LY, Kiew LV, Burgess K. Targeted PDT agent eradicates TrkC expressing tumors via photodynamic therapy (PDT). Mol Pharm 2014; 12:212-22. [PMID: 25487316 PMCID: PMC4291778 DOI: 10.1021/mp5005564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
![]()
This
contribution features a small molecule that binds TrkC (tropomyosin
receptor kinase C) receptor that tends to be overexpressed in metastatic
breast cancer cells but not in other breast cancer cells. A sensitizer
for 1O2 production conjugated to this structure
gives 1-PDT for photodynamic therapy. Isomeric 2-PDT does not bind TrkC and was used as a control
throughout; similarly, TrkC– cancer cells were used to calibrate
enhanced killing of TrkC+ cells. Ex vivo, 1- and 2-PDT where only cytotoxic when illuminated,
and 1-PDT, gave higher cell death for TrkC+
breast cancer cells. A 1 h administration-to-illumination delay gave
optimal TrkC+/TrkC–-photocytotoxicity, and distribution studies
showed the same delay was appropriate in vivo. In Balb/c mice, a maximum
tolerated dose of 20 mg/kg was determined for 1-PDT. 1- and 2-PDT (single,
2 or 10 mg/kg doses and one illumination, throughout) had similar
effects on implanted TrkC– tumors, and like those of 2-PDT on TrkC+ tumors. In contrast, 1-PDT caused dramatic TrkC+ tumor volume reduction (96%
from initial) relative to the TrkC– tumors or 2-PDT in TrkC+ models. Moreover, 71% of the mice treated
with 10 mg/kg 1-PDT (n = 7) showed full tumor remission
and survived until 90 days with no metastasis to key organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Siang Kue
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Croucher JL, Iyer R, Li N, Molteni V, Loren J, Gordon WP, Tuntland T, Liu B, Brodeur GM. TrkB inhibition by GNF-4256 slows growth and enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy in neuroblastoma xenografts. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 75:131-41. [PMID: 25394774 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common and deadly pediatric solid tumors. NB is characterized by clinical heterogeneity, from spontaneous regression to relentless progression despite intensive multimodality therapy. There is compelling evidence that members of the tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) family play important roles in these disparate clinical behaviors. Indeed, TrkB and its ligand, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are expressed in 50-60 % of high-risk NBs. The BDNF/TrkB autocrine pathway enhances survival, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and drug resistance. METHODS We tested a novel pan-Trk inhibitor, GNF-4256 (Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation), in vitro and in vivo in a nu/nu athymic xenograft mouse model to determine its efficacy in inhibiting the growth of TrkB-expressing human NB cells (SY5Y-TrkB). Additionally, we assessed the ability of GNF-4256 to enhance NB cell growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo, when combined with conventional chemotherapeutic agents, irinotecan and temozolomide (Irino-TMZ). RESULTS GNF-4256 inhibits TrkB phosphorylation and the in vitro growth of TrkB-expressing NBs in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC₅₀ around 7 and 50 nM, respectively. Furthermore, GNF-4256 inhibits the growth of NB xenografts as a single agent (p < 0.0001 for mice treated at 40 or 100 mg/kg BID, compared to controls), and it significantly enhances the antitumor efficacy of irinotecan plus temozolomide (Irino-TMZ, p < 0.0071 compared to Irino-TMZ alone). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that GNF-4256 is a potent and specific Trk inhibitor capable of significantly slowing SY5Y-TrkB growth, both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, the addition of GNF-4256 significantly enhanced the antitumor efficacy of Irino-TMZ, as measured by in vitro and in vivo growth inhibition and increased event-free survival in a mouse xenograft model, without additional toxicity. These data strongly suggest that inhibition of TrkB with GNF-4256 can enhance the efficacy of current chemotherapeutic treatment for recurrent/refractory high-risk NBs with minimal or no additional toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Croucher
- Oncology Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, CTRB Rm. 3018, 3501 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4302, USA
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46
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Palani M, Arunkumar R, Vanisree AJ. Methylation and expression patterns of tropomyosin-related kinase genes in different grades of glioma. Neuromolecular Med 2014; 16:529-39. [PMID: 24840578 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-014-8303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Tropomyosin-related kinase family (NTRK1, NTRK2 and NTRK3) is well known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of brain tumour, which exhibit heterogeneity in its biological and clinical behaviour. However, the mechanism that regulates NTRKs in glioma is not well understood. The present study investigates the epigenetic status (methylation) of NTRKs and their expression in different grades of glioma. Promoter methylation and structural relationship of NTRKs was assessed using methylation-specific PCR followed by chromatin immunoprecipitation in brain tissue samples from 220 subjects with different grades of glioma. Control brain samples were also assessed similarly. Reverse transcriptase PCR was performed to analyse the expressions of NTRK mRNAs in the grades of glioma. In addition, the expression level of p75(NTR) protein was analysed using immunofluorescent technique in all of the samples. The overall percentage of NTRK3 gene methylation frequency with subsequent loss of mRNA expression was significantly higher in glioma compared with control samples (p < 0.05). No such significance was observed in other NTRK1 and NTRK2 genes. Further, mRNA expression pattern of NTRK1 and NTRK2 genes was found to be significantly higher in low grades as compared with high grades (HG) and control samples (p < 0.05). Survival rate of HG patients with negative expressions of NTRK1 and NTRK2 was poor than those with the positive expressions of both NTRK1 and NTRK2. Further, a significant correlation was observed with reduced expression of p75(NTR) and the expression pattern of NTRK family in glioma as compared with the control samples (p < 0.05). There exists a correlation between the expression of NTRK family and different grades of glioma with a significant suggestion that the promoter methylation does not play role in the regulation of these genes in glioma. Further, poor survival could be associated with NTRK mRNAs 1 and 2. Hence, NTRKs are potential probes for assessing the behaviour of different grades of glioma, which could also function as significant prognostic factors and thus deserve wider attention for an effective management of the grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalakshmi Palani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ghanem T, Bracken J, Kasem A, Jiang WG, Mokbel K. mRNA expression of DOK1-6 in human breast cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:156-163. [PMID: 24829863 PMCID: PMC4014788 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine the expression of downstream of tyrosine kinase (DOK)1-6 genes in normal and breast cancer tissue and correlated this with several clinico-pathological and prognostic factors.
METHODS: DOK1-6 mRNA extraction and reverse transcription were performed on fresh frozen breast cancer tissue samples (n = 112) and normal background breast tissue (n = 31). Tissues were collected between 1991 and 1996 at two centres and all patients underwent mastectomy and ipsilateral axillary node dissection. All tissues were randomly numbered and the details were only made known after all analyses were completed. Transcript levels of expression were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and analyzed against TNM stage, tumour grade and clinical outcome over a 10-year follow-up period.
RESULTS: DOK-2 and DOK-6 expression decreased with increasing TNM stage. DOK-6 expression decreased with increasing Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) [NPI-1 vs NPI-3 (mean copy number 15.4 vs 0.22, 95%CI: 2.7-27.6, P = 0.018) and NPI-2 vs NPI-3 (mean copy number 7.6 vs 0.22, 95%CI: 0.1-14.6, P = 0.048)]. After a median follow up period of 10 years, higher levels of DOK-2 expression were found among patients who remained disease-free compared to those who developed local or distant recurrence (mean copy number 3.94 vs 0.0000096, 95%CI: 1.0-6.85, P = 0.0091), and distant recurrence (mean copy number 3.94 vs 0.0025, 95%CI: 1.0-6.84, P = 0.0092). Patients who remained disease-free had higher levels of DOK-6 expression compared to those who died from breast cancer.
CONCLUSION: Decreasing expression levels of DOK-2 and DOK-6 with increased breast tumour progression supports the notion that DOK-2 and DOK-6 behave as tumour suppressors in human breast cancer.
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Lim SH, Wu L, Kiew LV, Chung LY, Burgess K, Lee HB. Rosamines targeting the cancer oxidative phosphorylation pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e82934. [PMID: 24622277 PMCID: PMC3951181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of energy metabolism is pivotal to cancer, so mitochondria are potential targets for anticancer therapy. A prior study has demonstrated the anti-proliferative activity of a new class of mitochondria-targeting rosamines. This present study describes in vitro cytotoxicity of second-generation rosamine analogs, their mode of action, and their in vivo efficacies in a tumor allografted mouse model. Here, we showed that these compounds exhibited potent cytotoxicity (average IC50<0.5 µM), inhibited Complex II and ATP synthase activities of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway and induced loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. A NCI-60 cell lines screen further indicated that rosamine analogs 4 and 5 exhibited potent antiproliferative effects with Log10GI50 = −7 (GI50 = 0.1 µM) and were more effective against a colorectal cancer sub-panel than other cell lines. Preliminary in vivo studies on 4T1 murine breast cancer-bearing female BALB/c mice indicated that treatment with analog 5 in a single dosing of 5 mg/kg or a schedule dosing of 3 mg/kg once every 2 days for 6 times (q2d×6) exhibited only minimal induction of tumor growth delay. Our results suggest that rosamine analogs may be further developed as mitochondrial targeting agents. Without a doubt proper strategies need to be devised to enhance tumor uptake of rosamines, i.e. by integration to carrier molecules for better therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siang Hui Lim
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liangxing Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Kim MS, Kim GM, Choi YJ, Kim HJ, Kim YJ, Jin W. c-Src activation through a TrkA and c-Src interaction is essential for cell proliferation and hematological malignancies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:431-7. [PMID: 24369899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the kinase receptor TrkA may play an important role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), its involvement in other types of leukemia has not been reported. Furthermore, how it contributes to leukemogenesis is unknown. Here, we describe a molecular network that is important for TrkA function in leukemogenesis. We found that TrkA is frequently overexpressed in other types of leukemia such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) including AML. In addition, TrkA was overexpressed in patients with MDS or secondary AML evolving from MDS. TrkA induced significant hematological malignancies by inducing PLK-1 and Twist-1, and enhanced survival and proliferation of leukemia, which was correlated with activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway. Moreover, endogenous TrkA associated with c-Src complexes was detected in leukemia. Suppression of c-Src activation by TrkA resulted in markedly decreased expression of PLK-1 and Twist-1 via suppressed activation of Akt/mTOR cascades. These data suggest that TrkA plays a key role in leukemogenesis and reveal an unexpected physiological role for TrkA in the pathogenesis of leukemia. These data have important implications for understanding various hematological malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase
- Cell Cycle Proteins/biosynthesis
- Cell Proliferation
- Enzyme Activation
- Humans
- Leukemia/enzymology
- Leukemia/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/enzymology
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Nuclear Proteins/biosynthesis
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/enzymology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor, trkA/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Twist-Related Protein 1/biosynthesis
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
- Polo-Like Kinase 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoung Mi Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Choi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Joung Kim
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Kim
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wook Jin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 405-760, Republic of Korea.
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Li Y, Zhao H, Wang Y, Zheng H, Yu W, Chai H, Zhang J, Falck JR, Guo AM, Yue J, Peng R, Yang J. Isoliquiritigenin induces growth inhibition and apoptosis through downregulating arachidonic acid metabolic network and the deactivation of PI3K/Akt in human breast cancer. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:37-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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