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Ray I, Möller-Levet CS, Michael A, Butler-Manuel S, Chatterjee J, Tailor A, Ellis PE, Meira LB. Circulating Adipocytokines and Insulin Like-Growth Factors and Their Modulation in Obesity-Associated Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:531. [PMID: 38339282 PMCID: PMC10854745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising global incidence of uterine cancer is linked to the escalating prevalence of obesity. Obesity results in alterations in adipocytokines and IGFs, driving cancer progression via inflammation, increased cell proliferation, and apoptosis inhibition, although the precise mechanisms are still unclear. This study examined a set of six markers, namely, adiponectin, leptin, IL6, TNFα, IGF1, and IGF2 and compared them between fifty age-matched endometrial cancer patients (study group) and non-cancer patients with benign gynaecological conditions (control group). We also assessed the relationship of these markers with obesity and explored the correlation between these markers and various tumour characteristics. In the cancer population, these markers were also assessed 24 h and 6 months post-surgery. Remarkably, low adiponectin levels were associated with a 35.8% increase in endometrial cancer risk. Interestingly, compared to control subjects where IGF levels decreased after menopause, post-menopausal women in the study group showed elevated IGF1 and IGF2 levels, suggesting a potential influence of endometrial cancer on the IGF system, particularly after menopause. Lastly, it is noteworthy that a discernible inverse relationship trend was observed in the levels of adipocytokines and IGFs 6 months post-surgery. This indicates that treatment for endometrial cancer may have a differential impact on adipocytokines and IGFs, potentially holding clinical significance that merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ray
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Carla S. Möller-Levet
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Agnieszka Michael
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
- Department of Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Simon Butler-Manuel
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Jayanta Chatterjee
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane Uxbridge, Middlesex, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Anil Tailor
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Patricia E. Ellis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Lisiane B. Meira
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
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Byeon SJ, Chang MS, Cho HJ, Park JH, Kim KH, Park JH, Choi IS, Kim W, Han DS, Ahn HS, Heo SC. Prognostic roles of leptin-signaling proteins, PD-L1, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in surgically-resected biliary tract cancers. J Surg Oncol 2023; 127:587-597. [PMID: 36367404 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary tract cancers are rare, with a poor patient prognosis. Leptin and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) influence CD8+ and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+ lymphocytes, and thus, cancer cell growth. We aimed to define the prognostic implications of these variables and the clinicopathological features of biliary tract cancers. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for leptin signaling-related proteins (leptin, leptin receptor, pSTAT3, extracellular-regulated kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin), PD-L1, CD8, and FOXP3 and in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs were performed in 147 cases of surgically-resected biliary tract cancers. RESULTS Immune cell PD-L1-positivity, tumor size < 3 cm, adjuvant chemotherapy, no recurrence, and early-stage tumors were correlated with better 5-year survival in the tumoral PD-L1(-) and leptin(-) subgroups, and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma through multivariate analysis (all p < 0.05). Immune cell PD-L1 and adjuvant chemotherapy lost its prognostic significance in the tumoral PD-L1+ and leptin+ subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The prognostic implication of the variables may depend upon tumoral protein expression and the anatomical site. Immune cell PD-L1-positivity and the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy may indicate the favorable survival of patients with surgically-resected biliary tract cancers, specifically, in the tumoral PD-L1(-) or tumor leptin(-) subgroups and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. PD-L1- or leptin-targeted therapy combined with conventional chemotherapy may benefit the tumoral PD-L1+ or leptin+ subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ju Byeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sil Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seong Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chul Heo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Khattak S, Rauf MA, Khan NH, Zhang QQ, Chen HJ, Muhammad P, Ansari MA, Alomary MN, Jahangir M, Zhang CY, Ji XY, Wu DD. Hydrogen Sulfide Biology and Its Role in Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113389. [PMID: 35684331 PMCID: PMC9181954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous biologically active gas produced in mammalian tissues. It plays a very critical role in many pathophysiological processes in the body. It can be endogenously produced through many enzymes analogous to the cysteine family, while the exogenous source may involve inorganic sulfide salts. H2S has recently been well investigated with regard to the onset of various carcinogenic diseases such as lung, breast, ovaries, colon cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. H2S is considered an oncogenic gas, and a potential therapeutic target for treating and diagnosing cancers, due to its role in mediating the development of tumorigenesis. Here in this review, an in-detail up-to-date explanation of the potential role of H2S in different malignancies has been reported. The study summarizes the synthesis of H2S, its roles, signaling routes, expressions, and H2S release in various malignancies. Considering the critical importance of this active biological molecule, we believe this review in this esteemed journal will highlight the oncogenic role of H2S in the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadullah Khattak
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (S.K.); (N.H.K.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Mohd Ahmar Rauf
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (S.K.); (N.H.K.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (S.K.); (N.H.K.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Hao-Jie Chen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (S.K.); (N.H.K.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Pir Muhammad
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Jahangir
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China;
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Hami Central Hospital, Hami 839000, China
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (D.-D.W.); Tel.: +86-371-67967151 (C.-Y.Z.); +86-371-23880585 (X.-Y.J.); +86-371-23880525 (D.-D.W.)
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (S.K.); (N.H.K.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (D.-D.W.); Tel.: +86-371-67967151 (C.-Y.Z.); +86-371-23880585 (X.-Y.J.); +86-371-23880525 (D.-D.W.)
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (S.K.); (N.H.K.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (D.-D.W.); Tel.: +86-371-67967151 (C.-Y.Z.); +86-371-23880585 (X.-Y.J.); +86-371-23880525 (D.-D.W.)
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Lyu X, Zhang Q, Fares HM, Wang Y, Han Y, Sun L. Contribution of adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment to breast cancer metabolism. Cancer Lett 2022; 534:215616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ngo SNT, Williams DB. Protective Effect of Isothiocyanates from Cruciferous Vegetables on Breast Cancer: Epidemiological and Preclinical Perspectives. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1413-1430. [PMID: 32972351 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200924104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of cruciferous vegetable intake on breast cancer survival is controversial at present. Glucosinolates are the naturally occurring constituents found across the cruciferous vegetables. Isothiocyanates are produced from the hydrolysis of glucosinolates and this reaction is catalysed by the plant-derived enzyme myrosinase. The main Isothiocyanates (ITCs) from cruciferous vegetables are sulforaphane, benzyl ITC, and phenethyl ITC, which had been intensively investigated over the last decade for their anti-breast cancer effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to systematically review the evidence from all types of studies, which examined the protective effect of cruciferous vegetables and/or their isothiocyanate constituents on breast cancer. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in Pubmed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to 27 April 2020. Peer-reviewed studies of all types (in vitro studies, animal studies, and human studies) were selected. RESULTS The systematic literature search identified 16 human studies, 4 animal studies, and 65 in vitro studies. The effect of cruciferous vegetables and/or their ITCs intake on breast cancer survival was found to be controversial and varied greatly across human studies. Most of these trials were observational studies conducted in specific regions, mainly in the US and China. Substantial evidence from in vitro and animal studies was obtained, which strongly supported the protective effect of sulforaphane and other ITCs against breast cancer. Evidence from in vitro studies showed that sulforaphane and other ITCs reduced cancer cell viability and proliferation via multiple mechanisms and pathways. Isothiocyanates inhibited cell cycle, angiogenesis and epithelial mesenchymal transition, as well as induced apoptosis and altered the expression of phase II carcinogen detoxifying enzymes. These are the essential pathways that promote the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. Noticeably, benzyl ITC showed a significant inhibitory effect on breast cancer stem cells, a new dimension of chemo-resistance in breast cancer treatment. Sulforaphane and other ITCs displayed anti-breast cancer effects at variable range of concentrations and benzyl isothiocyanate appeared to have a relatively lower inhibitory concentration IC50. The mechanisms underlying the cancer protective effect of sulforaphane and other ITCs have also been highlighted in this article. CONCLUSION Current preclinical evidence strongly supports the role of sulforaphane and other ITCs as potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer, either as adjunct therapy or combined therapy with current anti-breast cancer drugs, with sulforaphane displaying the greatest potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suong N T Ngo
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5071, Australia
| | - Desmond B Williams
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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6
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Anticancer activities of dietary benzyl isothiocyanate: A comprehensive review. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105666. [PMID: 33989764 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is one of the common isothiocyanates found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage or watercress. Preclinical studies report of its effectiveness in the prevention and treatment against several cancers. This review aims to report and discuss findings on anticancer activities of BITC and its modes of action against 14 types of cancer. A literature search was conducted using the keywords "BITC" and "anticancer" from PubMed, Google Scholar and CINAHL Plus to obtain relevant research articles. This review highlights the anticancer efficacy of BITC through modulation of various signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, metastasis, angiogenesis, autophagy and the effects of BITC in combination with other drugs. With the available pharmacology evidence, we conclude that further studies are needed to validate its effectiveness in humans for further development and translation into prophylaxis or therapy by promoting optimal therapeutic effects and minimizing toxicity in cancer treatment.
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Parida S, Siddharth S, Sharma D. Role of Omentin in Obesity Paradox in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020275. [PMID: 33450975 PMCID: PMC7828433 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Unlike other cancers, lung cancer risk is inversely associated with body mass index (BMI) with limited mechanistic understanding. Overweight and obese patients have been consistently found to respond better to therapy and show better survival. The adipose tissue—in addition to storing energy—secretes multiple unique cytokines or adipokines. Our in silico analysis reveals that a novel adipokine, omentin, is significantly and consistently downregulated in lung cancers compared to healthy lung tissue. Omentin was also found to be negatively correlated with important oncogenic transcription factors like ELK4, FOXA1 and FOXC1. Our study warrants further mechanistic studies on the role of omentin in lung cancers. Abstract Lung cancer remains the second-most-common cancer worldwide and is associated with the highest number of cancer-related mortality. While tobacco smoking is the most important risk factor for lung cancer, many other lifestyles and occupational factors significantly contribute. Obesity is a growing global health concern and contributes to ~30% cancer-related mortality, but unlike other lifestyle diseases, lung cancer is negatively associated with obesity. We meta-analyzed multiple case-control studies confirming increased survival and better outcomes in overweight and obese lung cancer patients. Tumor heterogeneity analysis showed significant enrichment of adipocytes and preadipocytes in normal lungs compared to lung cancers. Interestingly, one of the understudied adipokine, omentin, was significantly and consistently lower in lung neoplasms compared to normal lungs. Omentin has been examined in relation to osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic liver disease, psoriasis and some other cancers. Aberrant expression of omentin has been reported in solid tumors; however, little is known about its role in lung cancer. We found omentin to be consistently downregulated in lung cancers, and it exhibited a negative correlation with important transcription factors FOXA1, EN1, FOXC1 and ELK4. We, therefore, suggest that omentin may serve as a prognostic factor in lung cancer and explain the “obesity paradox” in lung cancer.
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Dietary isothiocyanates inhibit cancer progression by modulation of epigenome. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:353-376. [PMID: 33434642 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle, growth, survival and metabolism are tightly regulated together and failure in cellular regulation leads to carcinogenesis. Several signaling pathways like the PI3K, WNT, MAPK and NFKb pathway exhibit aberrations in cancer and help achieve hallmark capabilities. Clinical research and in vitro studies have highlighted the role of epigenetic alterations in cancer onset and development. Altered gene expression patterns enabled by changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA processing have proven roles in cancer hallmark acquisition. The reversible nature of epigenetic processes offers robust therapeutic targets. Dietary bioactive compounds offer a vast compendium of effective therapeutic moieties. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) sourced from cruciferous vegetables demonstrate anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-migratory and anti-angiogenic effect against several cancers. ITCs also modulate the redox environment, modulate signaling pathways including PI3K, MAPK, WNT, and NFkB. They also modulate the epigenetic machinery by regulating the expression and activity of DNA methyltransferases, histone modifiers and miRNA. This further enhances their transcriptional modulation of key cellular regulators. In this review, we comprehensively assess the impact of ITCs such as sulforaphane, phenethyl isothiocyanate, benzyl isothiocyanate and allyl isothiocyanate on cancer and document their effect on various molecular targets. Overall, this will facilitate consolidation of the current understanding of the anti-cancer and epigenetic modulatory potential of these compounds and recognize the gaps in literature. Further, we discuss avenues of future research to develop these compounds as potential therapeutic entities.
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Cheng N, Diao H, Lin Z, Gao J, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Wang Q, Lin J, Zhang D, Jin Y, Bao Y, Lin D. Benzyl Isothiocyanate Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Tumor Growth in Canine Mammary Carcinoma via Downregulation of the Cyclin B1/Cdk1 Pathway. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:580530. [PMID: 33263014 PMCID: PMC7686582 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.580530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Canine mammary carcinoma is common in female dogs, and its poor prognosis remains a serious clinical challenge, especially in developing countries. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) has attracted great interest because of its inhibitory effect against tumor activity. However, its effect and the underlying mechanisms of action in canine mammary cancer are not well-understood. Here, we show that BITC suppresses mammary tumor growth, both in vivo and in vitro, and reveal some of the potential mechanisms involved. Methods: The effect of BITC on canine mammary cancer was evaluated on CIPp and CMT-7364, canine mammary carcinoma lines. The cell lines were treated with BITC and then subjected to wound healing and invasion assays. Cell cycles and apoptosis were measured using flow cytometry; TUNEL assay; immunohistochemistry (IHC) for caspase 3, caspase 9, and cyclin D1; hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining; and/or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: BITC showed a strong suppressive effect in both CIPp and CMT-7364 cells by inhibiting cell growth in vitro; these effects were both dose- and time-dependent. BITC also inhibited migration and invasion of CIPp and CMT-7364 cells. BITC induced G2 arrest and apoptosis, decreasing tumor growth in nude mice by downregulation of cyclin B1 and Cdk1 expression. Conclusion: BITC suppressed both invasion and migration of CIPp and CMT-7364 cells and induced apoptosis. BITC inhibited canine mammary tumor growth by suppressing cyclinB1 and Cdk1 expression in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxiu Diao
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyan Lin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiafeng Gao
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijiao Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Qi Wang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jiahao Lin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yipeng Jin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongping Bao
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Degui Lin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Sun Z, Xu Y. Nuclear Receptor Coactivators (NCOAs) and Corepressors (NCORs) in the Brain. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5843759. [PMID: 32449767 PMCID: PMC7351129 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor coactivators (NCOAs) and corepressors (NCORs) bind to nuclear hormone receptors in a ligand-dependent manner and mediate the transcriptional activation or repression of the downstream target genes in response to hormones, metabolites, xenobiotics, and drugs. NCOAs and NCORs are widely expressed in the mammalian brain. Studies using genetic animal models started to reveal pivotal roles of NCOAs/NCORs in the brain in regulating hormonal signaling, sexual behaviors, consummatory behaviors, exploratory and locomotor behaviors, moods, learning, and memory. Genetic variants of NCOAs or NCORs have begun to emerge from human patients with obesity, hormonal disruption, intellectual disability, or autism spectrum disorders. Here we review recent studies that shed light on the function of NCOAs and NCORs in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Correspondence: Zheng Sun, PhD, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail: ; or Yong Xu, PhD, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail:
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Correspondence: Zheng Sun, PhD, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail: ; or Yong Xu, PhD, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail:
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Mangini V, Maggi V, Trianni A, Melle F, De Luca E, Pennetta A, Del Sole R, Ventura G, Cataldi TRI, Fiammengo R. Directional Immobilization of Proteins on Gold Nanoparticles Is Essential for Their Biological Activity: Leptin as a Case Study. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 31:74-81. [PMID: 31851492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanomaterials hold great potential for biomedical applications. While this field is evolving rapidly, little attention has been paid to precise nanoparticle design and functionalization. Here, we show that when using proteins as targeting moieties, it is fundamental to immobilize them directionally to preserve their biological activity. Using full-length leptin as a case study, we have developed two alternative conjugation strategies for protein immobilization based on either a site-selective or a nonselective derivatization approach. We show that only nanoparticles with leptin immobilized site-selectively fully retain the ability to interact with the cognate leptin receptor. These results demonstrate the importance of a specified molecular design when preparing nanoparticles labeled with proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mangini
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano, Lecce , Italy
| | - Vito Maggi
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano, Lecce , Italy.,Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione , Università del Salento , Via per Monteroni Km 1 , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Alberta Trianni
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano, Lecce , Italy
| | - Francesca Melle
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano, Lecce , Italy
| | - Elisa De Luca
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano, Lecce , Italy
| | - Antonio Pennetta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione , Università del Salento , Via per Monteroni Km 1 , 73100 Lecce , Italy.,Dipartimento di Beni Culturali , Università del Salento , Via Dalmazio Birago 64 , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Roberta Del Sole
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione , Università del Salento , Via per Monteroni Km 1 , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Giovanni Ventura
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona 4 , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona 4 , 70126 Bari , Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale SMART , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona 4 , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Roberto Fiammengo
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano, Lecce , Italy
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12
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Bioactive Compounds: Multi-Targeting Silver Bullets for Preventing and Treating Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101563. [PMID: 31618928 PMCID: PMC6826729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Each cell in our body is designed with a self-destructive trigger, and if damaged, can happily sacrifice itself for the sake of the body. This process of self-destruction to safeguard the adjacent normal cells is known as programmed cell death or apoptosis. Cancer cells outsmart normal cells and evade apoptosis and it is one of the major hallmarks of cancer. The cardinal quest for anti-cancer drug discovery (bioactive or synthetic compounds) is to be able to re-induce the so called “programmed cell death” in cancer cells. The importance of bioactive compounds as the linchpin of cancer therapeutics is well known as many effective chemotherapeutic drugs such as vincristine, vinblastine, doxorubicin, etoposide and paclitaxel have natural product origins. The present review discusses various bioactive compounds with known anticancer potential, underlying mechanisms by which they induce cell death and their preclinical/clinical development. Most bioactive compounds can concurrently target multiple signaling pathways that are important for cancer cell survival while sparing normal cells hence they can potentially be the silver bullets for targeting cancer growth and metastatic progression.
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13
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Ghasemi A, Saeidi J, Azimi-Nejad M, Hashemy SI. Leptin-induced signaling pathways in cancer cell migration and invasion. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:243-260. [PMID: 30877623 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that obesity is associated with tumor development and progression. Leptin is an adipocyte-related hormone with a key role in energy metabolism and whose circulating levels are elevated in obesity. The effect of leptin on cancer progression and metastasis and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Leptin can impact various steps in tumor metastasis, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and proteolysis of ECM components. To do so, leptin binds to its receptor (OB-Rb) to activate signaling pathways and downstream effectors that participate in tumor cell invasion as well as distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we describe metastasis steps in detail and characterize metastasis-related molecules activated by leptin, which may help to develop a roadmap that guides future work. In addition, we conclude that a profound understanding of the fundamental molecular processes that contribute to leptin-induced metastasis may pave the way for the development of new prognostic molecules and appropriate approaches to the treatment of obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghasemi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jafar Saeidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nejad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Genetic, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipocytes, which represent a substantial part of the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer, secrete several adipokines that affect tumorigenesis, cancer progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance via multiple signaling pathways. Areas covered: In this review, we focus on the role of leptin, adiponectin, autotaxin, and interleukin-6 in breast cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug response. Furthermore, we investigated adipokines as potential targets of breast cancer-specific drugs. Expert opinion: Adipokines and adipokine receptors are deregulated in breast cancer. Adipokines play various roles in breast cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug response, hence, adipokine signaling could be an effective drug target. Several clinical trials are in progress to test the efficacy of adipokine targeting agents. However, adipokines also affect metabolic homeostasis; hence, the adverse effects of the targeted drug should be investigated and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Cha
- a Department of Pathology , Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- a Department of Pathology , Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
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15
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Martin SL, Royston KJ, Tollefsbol TO. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs and Isothiocyanates in Cancer. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700913. [PMID: 29532604 PMCID: PMC6248329 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of mortalities in the United States, only exceeded by heart disease. Current cancer treatments include chemotherapy, surgery, and/or radiation. Due to the often harsh effects of current cancer therapies, investigators are focusing their efforts on cancer prevention mediated by dietary phytochemicals. Since the discovery that cancer can be initiated by and progressed through both genetic and epigenetic pathways, there has been a significant surge in studies on epigenetic effects mediated by nutritive compounds. Isothiocyanates, naturally occurring molecules found in cruciferous vegetables, have been documented to exhibit many anticarcinogenic activities. Although isothiocyanates have been extensively documented as key players in epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, their effects on non-coding RNAs is understudied. Non-coding RNAs are molecules that target mRNA production and repress protein translation and are known to be dysregulated in various human malignancies. Studies have used non-coding RNAs as novel targets for exploration in cancer therapy. This review focuses on the exploration of isothiocyanates and their effect on non-coding RNAs in cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Martin
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kendra J. Royston
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Iqbal J, Abbasi BA, Batool R, Mahmood T, Ali B, Khalil AT, Kanwal S, Shah SA, Ahmad R. Potential phytocompounds for developing breast cancer therapeutics: Nature’s healing touch. Eur J Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Choi J, Cha YJ, Koo JS. Adipocyte biology in breast cancer: From silent bystander to active facilitator. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 69:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Ediriweera MK, Tennekoon KH, Samarakoon SR, Thabrew I, de Silva ED. Protective Effects of Six Selected Dietary Compounds against Leptin-Induced Proliferation of Oestrogen Receptor Positive (MCF-7) Breast Cancer Cells. MEDICINES 2017; 4:medicines4030056. [PMID: 28930270 PMCID: PMC5622391 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity is considered as one of the risk factors for breast cancer. Leptin has been found to be involved in breast cancer progression. Therefore, novel approaches to antagonize biological effects of leptin are much needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of six dietary compounds (quercetin, curcumin, gallic acid, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), ascorbic acid and catechin) and assess the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in leptin-stimulated MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro. Methods: MCF-7 cells were exposed to leptin, leptin and compound and compound alone for 48 h. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT and fluorometric assays after 48 h incubation. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was quantified by ELISA. Results: Only quercetin, curcumin and EGCG showed significant protective effects against leptin-induced proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to leptin was reduced by the addition of quercetin, curcumin and EGCG. Conclusions: Considering the high prevalence of obesity, this observation provides a rationale for use of curcumin, quercetin and EGCG as antagonists of leptin in the treatment of obese breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - Kamani Hemamala Tennekoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - Sameera Ranganath Samarakoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - Ira Thabrew
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - E Dilip de Silva
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka.
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Dietary Natural Products for Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070728. [PMID: 28698459 PMCID: PMC5537842 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females worldwide. Several epidemiological studies suggested the inverse correlation between the intake of vegetables and fruits and the incidence of breast cancer. Substantial experimental studies indicated that many dietary natural products could affect the development and progression of breast cancer, such as soy, pomegranate, mangosteen, citrus fruits, apple, grape, mango, cruciferous vegetables, ginger, garlic, black cumin, edible macro-fungi, and cereals. Their anti-breast cancer effects involve various mechanisms of action, such as downregulating ER-α expression and activity, inhibiting proliferation, migration, metastasis and angiogenesis of breast tumor cells, inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and sensitizing breast tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This review summarizes the potential role of dietary natural products and their major bioactive components in prevention and treatment of breast cancer, and special attention was paid to the mechanisms of action.
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20
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Extracts of Mauritian Carica papaya (var. solo) protect SW872 and HepG2 cells against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:1917-1927. [PMID: 28720948 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In line with literature documenting the pluripotent activities of tropical fruits, this study evaluated the antioxidant effects of Carica papaya fruit extracts at cellular level. Investigations using cellular models of oxidative stress provided complementary evidence of the antioxidant activities of papaya fruit. At 2 mg dry weight ml-1, extracts of seed from ripe and unripe fruit significantly reduced oxidative stress levels within human pre-adipocytes (SW872) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Maintenance of mitochondrial viability, reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and mediation of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretory levels (tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) were all indicative of its cytoprotective effects against oxidative-inflammation. This work demonstrates that the Mauritian Solo papaya is an important source of natural antioxidants that could be used for the dietary modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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21
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Li G, Xu Z, Zhuang A, Chang S, Hou L, Chen Y, Polat M, Wu D. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy-Detected Change in Marrow Adiposity Is Strongly Correlated to Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 17:239-244. [PMID: 28188108 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether marrow fat fraction (FF) is correlated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer. METHODS Fifty-six patients with newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed postmenopausal breast cancer and 56 healthy controls underwent serologic test and magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based FF measurements. Data were analyzed by logistic multivariate regression models to determine the independent predictors of breast cancer risk and clinicopathological characters of breast cancer. RESULTS Patients with breast cancer had higher FF than that of the controls. Marrow FF showed positive association with serum leptin levels (r = 0.607, P < .001) in the cases, but no relationship was found in the controls. In the univariate analysis, both levels of leptin and marrow FF were significantly associated with breast cancer risk and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer. In the multivariable model with adjustment for established breast cancer risk factors, serum leptin was a significant predictor of breast cancer risk (OR 1.746; 95% CI, 1.226-2.556) and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer including TNM, tumor size, lymph node status, and histological grade (OR 1.461-1.695); but when marrow FF was additionally added to the regression model, marrow FF but not leptin levels was observed to be an independent risk factor for breast cancer risk (OR 1.940; 95% CI, 1.306-2.910) and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer (OR 1.770-1.903). CONCLUSION Marrow adiposity is a predictor of postmenopausal breast cancer risk and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanwu Li
- Department of Radiology, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zheng Xu
- Xinzhuang Community Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Alex Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Shixin Chang
- Department of Radiology, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingmi Hou
- Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Maki Polat
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Xie B, Nagalingam A, Kuppusamy P, Muniraj N, Langford P, Győrffy B, Saxena NK, Sharma D. Benzyl Isothiocyanate potentiates p53 signaling and antitumor effects against breast cancer through activation of p53-LKB1 and p73-LKB1 axes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40070. [PMID: 28071670 PMCID: PMC5223184 DOI: 10.1038/srep40070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional reactivation of p53 pathway, although arduous, can potentially provide a broad-based strategy for cancer therapy owing to frequent p53 inactivation in human cancer. Using a phosphoprotein-screening array, we found that Benzyl Isothiocynate, (BITC) increases p53 phosphorylation in breast cancer cells and reveal an important role of ERK and PRAS40/MDM2 in BITC-mediated p53 activation. We show that BITC rescues and activates p53-signaling network and inhibits growth of p53-mutant cells. Mechanistically, BITC induces p73 expression in p53-mutant cells, disrupts the interaction of p73 and mutant-p53, thereby releasing p73 from sequestration and allowing it to be transcriptionally active. Furthermore, BITC-induced p53 and p73 axes converge on tumor-suppressor LKB1 which is transcriptionally upregulated by p53 and p73 in p53-wild-type and p53-mutant cells respectively; and in a feed-forward mechanism, LKB1 tethers with p53 and p73 to get recruited to p53-responsive promoters. Analyses of BITC-treated xenografts using LKB1-null cells corroborate in vitro mechanistic findings and establish LKB1 as the key node whereby BITC potentiates as well as rescues p53-pathway in p53-wild-type as well as p53-mutant cells. These data provide first in vitro and in vivo evidence of the integral role of previously unrecognized crosstalk between BITC, p53/LKB1 and p73/LKB1 axes in breast tumor growth-inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Xie
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore MD 21231, USA
| | - Arumugam Nagalingam
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore MD 21231, USA
| | - Panjamurthy Kuppusamy
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
| | - Nethaji Muniraj
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore MD 21231, USA
| | - Peter Langford
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore MD 21231, USA
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, H-1117 Budapest, Semmelweis University, 2nd Dept. of Pediatrics, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Neeraj K Saxena
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore MD 21231, USA
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Sayeed MA, Bracci M, Lazzarini R, Tomasetti M, Amati M, Lucarini G, Di Primio R, Santarelli L. Use of potential dietary phytochemicals to target miRNA: Promising option for breast cancer prevention and treatment? J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Shang HS, Shih YL, Lu TJ, Lee CH, Hsueh SC, Chou YC, Lu HF, Liao NC, Chung JG. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) induces apoptosis of GBM 8401 human brain glioblastoma multiforms cells via activation of caspase-8/Bid and the reactive oxygen species-dependent mitochondrial pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1751-1760. [PMID: 28675694 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is one of member of the isothiocyanate family which has been shown to induce cancer cell apoptosis in many human cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BITC on the growth of GBM 8401 human brain glioblastoma multiforms cells. Results indicated that BITC-induced cell morphological changes decreased in the percentage of viable GBM8401 cells and these effects are dose-dependent manners. Results from flow cytometric assay indicated that BITC induced sub-G1 phase and induction of apoptosis of GBM 8401 cells. Furthermore, results also showed that BITC promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ release, but decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ) and promoted caspase-8, -9, and -3 activates. After cells were pretreated with Z-IETD-FMK, Z-LEHD-FMK, and Z-DEVD-FMK (caspase-8, -9, and -3 inhibitors, respectively) led to decrease in the activities of caspase-8, -9, and -3 and increased the percentage of viable GBM 8401 cells that indicated which BITC induced cell apoptosis through caspase-dependent pathways. Western blotting indicated that BITC induced Fas, Fas-L, FADD, caspase-8, caspase -3, and pro-apoptotic protein (Bax, Bid, and Bak), but inhibited the ant-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-x) in GBM 8401 cells. Furthermore, BITC increased the release of cytochrome c, AIF, and Endo G from mitochondria that led to cell apoptosis. Results also showed that BITC increased GADD153, GRP 78, XBP-1, and ATF-6β, IRE-1α, IRE-1β, Calpain 1 and 2 in GBM 8401 cells, which is associated with ER stress. Based on these observations, we may suggest that BITC-induced apoptosis might be through Fas receptor, ROS induced ER stress, caspase-3, and mitochondrial signaling pathways. Taken together, these molecular alterations and signaling pathways offer an insight into BITC-caused growth inhibition and induced apoptotic cell death of GBM 8401 cells. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1751-1760, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Sheng Shang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-Luen Shih
- Department of School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tai-Jung Lu
- Jen-The Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Hsiao Lee
- Jen-The Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ching Hsueh
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Division of Neurosurgical Oncology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Nien-Chieh Liao
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Kasiappan R, Jutooru I, Karki K, Hedrick E, Safe S. Benzyl Isothiocyanate (BITC) Induces Reactive Oxygen Species-dependent Repression of STAT3 Protein by Down-regulation of Specificity Proteins in Pancreatic Cancer. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:27122-27133. [PMID: 27875298 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.746339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The antineoplastic agent benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) acts by targeting multiple pro-oncogenic pathways/genes, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3); however, the mechanism of action is not well known. As reported previously, BITC induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Panc1, MiaPaCa2, and L3.6pL pancreatic cancer cells. This was accompanied by induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell growth and migration, and these responses were attenuated in cells cotreated with BITC plus glutathione (GSH). BITC also decreased expression of specificity proteins (Sp) Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 transcription factors (TFs) and several pro-oncogenic Sp-regulated genes, including STAT3 and phospho-STAT3 (pSTAT3), and GSH attenuated these responses. Knockdown of Sp TFs by RNA interference also decreased STAT3/pSTAT3 expression. BITC-induced ROS activated a cascade of events that included down-regulation of c-Myc, and it was also demonstrated that c-Myc knockdown decreased expression of Sp TFs and STAT3 These results demonstrate that in pancreatic cancer cells, STAT3 is an Sp-regulated gene that can be targeted by BITC and other ROS inducers, thereby identifying a novel therapeutic approach for targeting STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kasiappan
- From the Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4466
| | - Indira Jutooru
- From the Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4466
| | - Keshav Karki
- From the Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4466
| | - Erik Hedrick
- From the Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4466
| | - Stephen Safe
- From the Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4466
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Breast Cancer Cell Colonization of the Human Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Niche. Neoplasia 2016; 17:849-861. [PMID: 26696367 PMCID: PMC4688564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Bone is a preferred site of breast cancer metastasis, suggesting the presence of tissue-specific features that attract and promote the outgrowth of breast cancer cells. We sought to identify parameters of human bone tissue associated with breast cancer cell osteotropism and colonization in the metastatic niche. METHODS Migration and colonization patterns of MDA-MB-231-fLuc-EGFP (luciferase-enhanced green fluorescence protein) and MCF-7-fLuc-EGFP breast cancer cells were studied in co-culture with cancellous bone tissue fragments isolated from 14 hip arthroplasties. Breast cancer cell migration into tissues and toward tissue-conditioned medium was measured in Transwell migration chambers using bioluminescence imaging and analyzed as a function of secreted factors measured by multiplex immunoassay. Patterns of breast cancer cell colonization were evaluated with fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Enhanced MDA-MB-231-fLuc-EGFP breast cancer cell migration to bone-conditioned versus control medium was observed in 12/14 specimens (P = .0014) and correlated significantly with increasing levels of the adipokines/cytokines leptin (P = .006) and IL-1β (P = .001) in univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry of fragments underscored the extreme adiposity of adult human bone tissues and revealed extensive breast cancer cell colonization within the marrow adipose tissue compartment. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that breast cancer cells migrate to human bone tissue-conditioned medium in association with increasing levels of leptin and IL-1β, and colonize the bone marrow adipose tissue compartment of cultured fragments. Bone marrow adipose tissue and its molecular signals may be important but understudied components of the breast cancer metastatic niche.
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Honokiol activates LKB1-miR-34a axis and antagonizes the oncogenic actions of leptin in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:29947-62. [PMID: 26359358 PMCID: PMC4745774 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, a major adipocytokine produced by adipocytes, is emerging as a key molecule linking obesity with breast cancer therefore, it is important to find effective strategies to antagonize oncogenic effects of leptin to disrupt obesity-cancer axis. Here, we examine the potential of honokiol (HNK), a bioactive polyphenol from Magnolia grandiflora, as a leptin-antagonist and systematically elucidate the underlying mechanisms. HNK inhibits leptin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), and mammosphere-formation along with a reduction in the expression of stemness factors, Oct4 and Nanog. Investigating the downstream mediator(s), that direct leptin-antagonist actions of HNK; we discovered functional interactions between HNK, LKB1 and miR-34a. HNK increases the expression and cytoplasmic-localization of LKB1 while HNK-induced SIRT1/3 accentuates the cytoplasmic-localization of LKB1. We found that HNK increases miR-34a in LKB1-dependent manner as LKB1-silencing impedes HNK-induced miR-34a which can be rescued by LKB1-overexpression. Finally, an integral role of miR-34a is discovered as miR-34a mimic potentiates HNK-mediated inhibition of EMT, Zeb1 expression and nuclear-localization, mammosphere-formation, and expression of stemness factors. Leptin-antagonist actions of HNK are further enhanced by miR-34a mimic whereas miR-34a inhibitor results in inhibiting HNK's effect on leptin. These data provide evidence for the leptin-antagonist potential of HNK and reveal the involvement of LKB1 and miR-34a.
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Sehrawat A, Croix CS, Baty CJ, Watkins S, Tailor D, Singh RP, Singh SV. Inhibition of mitochondrial fusion is an early and critical event in breast cancer cell apoptosis by dietary chemopreventative benzyl isothiocyanate. Mitochondrion 2016; 30:67-77. [PMID: 27374852 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a highly promising phytochemical abundant in cruciferous vegetables with preclinical evidence of in vivo efficacy against breast cancer in xenograft and transgenic mouse models. Mammary cancer chemoprevention by BITC is associated with apoptotic cell death but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that altered mitochondrial dynamics is an early and critical event in BITC-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Exposure of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells to plasma achievable doses of BITC resulted in rapid collapse of mitochondrial filamentous network. BITC treatment also inhibited polyethyleneglycol-induced mitochondrial fusion. In contrast, a normal human mammary epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) that was derived from fibrocystic breast disease, was resistant to BITC-mediated alterations in mitochondrial dynamics as well as apoptosis. Transient or sustained decrease in levels of proteins engaged in regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion was clearly evident after BITC treatment in both cancer cell lines. A trend for a decrease in the levels of mitochondrial fission- and fusion-related proteins was also observed in vivo in tumors of BITC-treated mice compared with control. Immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts from Drp1 knockout mice were resistant to BITC-induced apoptosis when compared with those from wild-type mice. Upon treatment with BITC, Bak dissociated from mitofusin 2 in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells suggesting a crucial role for interaction of Bak and mitofusins in BITC-mediated inhibition of fusion and morphological dynamics. In conclusion, the present study provides novel insights into the molecular complexity of BITC-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Sehrawat
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Claudette St Croix
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine J Baty
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dhanir Tailor
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rana P Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India; Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Hoffmann M, Fiedor E, Ptak A. 17β-Estradiol Reverses Leptin-Inducing Ovarian Cancer Cell Migration by the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1600-1608. [PMID: 27255147 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116648214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that leptin is expressed at higher levels in obese women and stimulates cell migration in epithelial cancers. However, the biology of ovarian cancer is different from others, mainly due to the production of estrogens because of the involvement of ovarian tissue, which is the main source of estrogens; as a result, the levels are at least 100- to 1000-fold higher than normal circulating levels. Thus, ovarian cancer tissues are exposed to 17β-estradiol, which promotes ovarian cancer cell migration and may modulate the effect of other hormones. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of 17β-estradiol (1 nmol/L) with leptin (1-40 ng/mL) at physiological levels, on the migration of OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells, and the expression levels and activity of metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9. Here, we found that leptin stimulated ovarian cancer cell line migration, which is mediated via the expression and activity of MMP-9 in the OVCAR-3 but not in the SKOV-3 cells. After the administration of 17β-estradiol and leptin, we observed antagonistic effects of 17β-estradiol on leptin-induced OVCAR-3 cell migration and MMP-9 expression and activity. Moreover, the antagonistic effect of 17β-estradiol on leptin-induced cancer cell migration was reversed by pretreatment of the cells with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway inhibitor. Taken together, our results, for the first time, show that in ovarian cancer cells ObR+/ER+, 17β-estradiol has an antagonistic effect on leptin-induced cell migration as well as MMP-9 expression and activity, which is mediated by the PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hoffmann
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Chair of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Fiedor
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Chair of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Ptak
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Chair of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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30
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Niimi H, Watanabe M, Serizawa H, Koba T, Nakamura I, Mii M. Amiprophosmethyl-induced efficient in vitro production of polyploids in raphanobrassica with the aid of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) in the culture medium. BREEDING SCIENCE 2015; 65:396-402. [PMID: 26719742 PMCID: PMC4671700 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.65.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Optimum conditions for obtaining tetraploid were investigated in raphanobrassica, the intergeneric hybrid between radish (Raphanus sativus) and kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) by treating in vitro plants with an anti-mitotic agent, amiprophosmethyl (APM). Initially, no tetraploids but hexaploids and octaploids were induced by the treatments. Although the leaves of these polyploids of raphanobrassica showed chlorosis during subcultures in in vitro conditions, the chlorosis could be successfully prevented by the ethylene inhibitors, both AVG and AgNO3. Based on this result, AVG was added into medium used for the culture after the chromosome doubling treatment, which subsequently resulted in increased survival rates of the treated plant materials as well as increased production rates of polyploids including tetraploid. These polyploid plants showed obviously different characters from the original diploid plant. The tetraploid plant had bigger sizes in shoot, flower and leaf, and more number of leaves than the diploid. On the other hand, the hexaploid and octaploid plants had smaller sizes in shoots and leaves, and less number of leaves than the diploid. Concentration of glucosinolates, functional substances of Brassicaceae crops, did not significantly differ between diploid and tetraploid of raphanobrassica, but reduced in hexaploid and octaploid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Niimi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University,
648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510,
Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University,
648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510,
Japan
| | - Hiroaki Serizawa
- Nagano Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Experiment Station,
1066-1 Tokoo, Souga, Shiojiri City, Nagano 399-6461,
Japan
| | - Takato Koba
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University,
648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510,
Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakamura
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University,
648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510,
Japan
| | - Masahiro Mii
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University,
648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510,
Japan
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Ferguson LR, Chen H, Collins AR, Connell M, Damia G, Dasgupta S, Malhotra M, Meeker AK, Amedei A, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Aquilano K, Azmi AS, Bhakta D, Bilsland A, Boosani CS, Chen S, Ciriolo MR, Fujii H, Guha G, Halicka D, Helferich WG, Keith WN, Mohammed SI, Niccolai E, Yang X, Honoki K, Parslow VR, Prakash S, Rezazadeh S, Shackelford RE, Sidransky D, Tran PT, Yang ES, Maxwell CA. Genomic instability in human cancer: Molecular insights and opportunities for therapeutic attack and prevention through diet and nutrition. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S5-S24. [PMID: 25869442 PMCID: PMC4600419 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability can initiate cancer, augment progression, and influence the overall prognosis of the affected patient. Genomic instability arises from many different pathways, such as telomere damage, centrosome amplification, epigenetic modifications, and DNA damage from endogenous and exogenous sources, and can be perpetuating, or limiting, through the induction of mutations or aneuploidy, both enabling and catastrophic. Many cancer treatments induce DNA damage to impair cell division on a global scale but it is accepted that personalized treatments, those that are tailored to the particular patient and type of cancer, must also be developed. In this review, we detail the mechanisms from which genomic instability arises and can lead to cancer, as well as treatments and measures that prevent genomic instability or take advantage of the cellular defects caused by genomic instability. In particular, we identify and discuss five priority targets against genomic instability: (1) prevention of DNA damage; (2) enhancement of DNA repair; (3) targeting deficient DNA repair; (4) impairing centrosome clustering; and, (5) inhibition of telomerase activity. Moreover, we highlight vitamin D and B, selenium, carotenoids, PARP inhibitors, resveratrol, and isothiocyanates as priority approaches against genomic instability. The prioritized target sites and approaches were cross validated to identify potential synergistic effects on a number of important areas of cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew R Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marisa Connell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Department of Oncology, Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, United States
| | | | - Alan K Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and BioTechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sophie Chen
- Department of Research & Development, Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and BioTechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - William G Helferich
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Xujuan Yang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Satya Prakash
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarallah Rezazadeh
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Rodney E Shackelford
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Departments of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Oncology and Urology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christopher A Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
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32
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Banerjee K, Resat H. Constitutive activation of STAT3 in breast cancer cells: A review. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:2570-8. [PMID: 26559373 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively activated in numerous cancer types, including more than 40% of breast cancers. In contrast to tight regulation of STAT3 as a latent transcription factor in normal cells, its signaling in breast cancer oncogenesis is multifaceted. Signaling through the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway initiated by the binding of IL-6 family of cytokines (i.e., IL-6 and IL-11) to their receptors have been implicated in breast cancer development. Receptors with intrinsic kinase activity such as EGFR and VEGFR directly or indirectly induce STAT3 activation in various breast cancer types. Aberrant STAT3 signaling promotes breast tumor progression through deregulation of the expression of downstream target genes which control proliferation (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Survivin, Cyclin D1, c-Myc and Mcl-1), angiogenesis (Hif1α and VEGF) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (Vimentin, TWIST, MMP-9 and MMP-7). These multiple modes of STAT3 regulation therefore make it a central linking point for a multitude of signaling processes. Extensive efforts to target STAT3 activation in breast cancer had no remarkable success in the past because the highly interconnected nature of STAT3 signaling introduces lack of selectivity in pathway identification for STAT3 targeted molecular therapies or because its role in tumorigenesis may not be as critical as it was thought. This review provides a full spectrum of STAT3's involvement in breast cancer by consolidating the knowledge about its role in breast cancer development at multiple levels: its differential regulation by different receptor signaling pathways, its downstream target genes, and modification of its transcriptional activity by its coregulatory transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Banerjee
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Haluk Resat
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Meng Y, Huang L. Benzyl isothiocyanate inhibits breast cancer cell tumorigenesis via repression of the FoxH1-Mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:17601-17611. [PMID: 26770350 PMCID: PMC4694250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the growth inhibitory effect of Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) against breast cancer are still not fully understood. Therefore, we further investigated the mechanism in BITC triggering breast cancer. In the present study, we found that the overexpression of FOXH1 in breast cancers tissues and cells, and FOXH1 significantly promoted cell proliferation, invasion and tumorigenesis in vitro. FOXH1 significantly increased the expression levels of β-catenin, cyclinD1, and c-myc proteins in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, siβ-catenin reduced FOXH1 promotion of cell proliferation and invasion in breast cancer cells. Taken together, these results suggest that FOXH1 promoted breast cancer cell growth and invasion by potentiating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, suggesting that FOXH1 may be a potential molecular target for breast cancer prevention and therapy. Furthermore, BITC treatment has remarkable effect on the expression level of FOXH1 and β-catenin mRNA and protein in MCF-7 cells, MDA-MB-231 cells and SUM 159 cells. BITC treatment has an obvious significance on transcriptional activity of FOXH1. Cell growth and invasion inhibition resulting from BITC exposure were significantly augmented by FoxH1 knockdown. In conclusion, the present study provides novel insights into the molecular circuitry of BITC-induced cell death involving FoxH1-mediated tumorigenesis. Thus, the present study provides a novel insight into the underlying mechanism of tumorigenesis in BITC triggering breast cancer, indicating the therapeutic potential of FOXH1 in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of EducationChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of EducationChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Meng
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical CollegeChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of EducationChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Majnik AV, Lane RH. The relationship between early-life environment, the epigenome and the microbiota. Epigenomics 2015; 7:1173-84. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Alshaker H, Wang Q, Frampton AE, Krell J, Waxman J, Winkler M, Stebbing J, Cooper C, Yagüe E, Pchejetski D. Sphingosine kinase 1 contributes to leptin-induced STAT3 phosphorylation through IL-6/gp130 transactivation in oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 149:59-67. [PMID: 25481644 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a known risk factor for breast cancer. We have recently identified that adipokine leptin regulates the expression of a proto-oncogenic enzyme sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been linked to breast cancer progression and here we investigate the mechanism of leptin-induced STAT3 activation in ER-negative breast cancer. Gene and protein expression in human primary and secondary breast cancer tissues was analysed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay and immunofluorescence. Leptin-induced signalling was analysed in human ER-negative breast cancer cells using Western blotting, qRT-PCR and radiolabelling assays. Gene expression and receptor signalling was modified using small interfering RNA and neutralising antibodies. In human ER-negative breast tumours and lymph node metastases, the expression of leptin receptor significantly correlated with SK1. In ER-negative breast cancer cells, SK1 knockdown led to a significant reduction in leptin-induced STAT3 phosphorylation. Knockdown of another known activator of STAT3 signalling, gp130 also resulted in a significant decrease in leptin-induced STAT3 phosphorylation. ELISA assay showed that leptin produces a significant amount of IL-6 in an SK1-dependent manner. IL-6 neutralising antibodies significantly reduced p-STAT3. Immunofluorescent staining of human primary and secondary breast tumours showed significant correlation between SK1 and IL-6 (P < 0.001), SK1 and p-STAT3 (P < 0.01) and IL-6 and p-STAT3 (P < 0.01). Our findings demonstrate that leptin-induced STAT3 is partially cross activated through SK1-mediated IL6 secretion and gp130 activation. Positive correlations in human tissues suggest the potential significance of this pathway in ER-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Alshaker
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, 1st Floor ICTEM, Ducane Road, London, W120NN, UK,
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Papanikolaou V, Stefanou N, Dubos S, Papathanasiou I, Palianopoulou M, Valiakou V, Tsezou A. Synergy of leptin/STAT3 with HER2 receptor induces tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells through regulation of apoptosis-related genes. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2014; 38:155-64. [PMID: 25539992 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tamoxifen is a major treatment modality for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer, but the occurrence of resistance remains a problem. Recently, obesity-related leptin has been found to interfere with tamoxifen in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. In the present study we investigated the effect of leptin on three tamoxifen-treated breast cancer cell types (i.e., MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and MCF-7/HER2). METHODS The effect of tamoxifen/leptin treatment was evaluated using a MTT cell viability assay. mRNA expression was assessed by real time PCR and protein expression by Western blotting. WWOX, Survivin and BCL2 gene promoter activities were evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Cell viability assays revealed that estrogen receptor negative MDA-MB-231 cells were resistant, that estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 cells were sensitive and that MCF-7/HER2 cells were relatively resistant to tamoxifen, while leptin co-administration 'rescued' MCF-7 and, especially, MCF-7/HER2 cells from the anti-proliferative effect of tamoxifen. The cell lines also exhibited a different phosphorylation status of STAT3, a transcription factor that is activated by the obesity related leptin receptor b (Ob-Rb). Most importantly, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed differential STAT3 binding to the anti-apoptotic BCL2 and pro-apoptotic WWOX gene promoters in MCF-7 and MCF-7/HER2 cells, leading to concomitant modifications of its mRNA/protein expression levels, thus providing a selective advantage to HER2 over-expressing MCF-7/HER2 cells after treatment with tamoxifen and tamoxifen plus leptin. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides novel evidence indicating that synergy between the leptin/Ob-Rb/STAT3 signalling pathway and the HER2 receptor protects tamoxifen-treated HER2 over-expressing cells from the inhibitory effect of tamoxifen through differential regulation of apoptosis-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Papanikolaou
- Department of Biomedical Research and Technology, Institute for Research and Technology-Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CE.R.T.H.), Larissa, 41222, Greece
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37
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Yogarajah T, Bee YTG, Noordin R, Yin KB. Increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression levels in visceral adipose tissue, and serum CCL2 and interleukin-6 levels during visceral adipose tissue accumulation. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:515-20. [PMID: 25324014 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in visceral adipose tissue, as well as serum adipokine levels, in Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were fed either a normal (control rats) or excessive (experimental rats) intake of food for 8 or 16 weeks, then sacrificed, at which time visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues, as well as blood samples, were collected. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARs in the visceral adipose tissues were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. In addition, the levels of adipokines in the serum samples were determined using commercial ELISA kits. The results revealed that at 8 weeks, the mass of subcutaneous adipose tissue was higher than that of the visceral adipose tissue in the experimental rats, but the reverse occurred at 16 weeks. Furthermore, at 16 weeks the experimental rats exhibited an upregulation of PPARγ mRNA and protein expression levels in the visceral adipose tissues, and significant increases in the serum levels of CCL2 and interleukin (IL)-6 were observed, compared with those measured at 8 weeks. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the PPARγ expression level was likely correlated with serum levels of CCL2 and IL-6, molecules that may facilitate visceral adipose tissue accumulation. In addition, the levels of the two adipokines in the serum may be useful as surrogate biomarkers for the expression levels of PPARγ in accumulated visceral adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaneswary Yogarajah
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne-Tee Get Bee
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Khoo Boon Yin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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38
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Piekarska A, Kołodziejski D, Pilipczuk T, Bodnar M, Konieczka P, Kusznierewicz B, Hanschen FS, Schreiner M, Cyprys J, Groszewska M, Namieśnik J, Bartoszek A. The influence of selenium addition during germination ofBrassicaseeds on health-promoting potential of sprouts. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:692-702. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.917148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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39
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Mechanism of action of phenethylisothiocyanate and other reactive oxygen species-inducing anticancer agents. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:2382-95. [PMID: 24732804 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01602-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing anticancer agents such as phenethylisothiocyanate (PEITC) activate stress pathways for killing cancer cells. Here we demonstrate that PEITC-induced ROS decreased expression of microRNA 27a (miR-27a)/miR-20a:miR-17-5p and induced miR-regulated ZBTB10/ZBTB4 and ZBTB34 transcriptional repressors, which, in turn, downregulate specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors (TFs) Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 in pancreatic cancer cells. Decreased expression of miR-27a/miR-20a:miR-17-5p by PEITC-induced ROS is a key step in triggering the miR-ZBTB Sp cascade leading to downregulation of Sp TFs, and this is due to ROS-dependent epigenetic effects associated with genome-wide shifts in repressor complexes, resulting in decreased expression of Myc and the Myc-regulated miRs. Knockdown of Sp1 alone by RNA interference also induced apoptosis and decreased pancreatic cancer cell growth and invasion, indicating that downregulation of Sp transcription factors is an important common mechanism of action for PEITC and other ROS-inducing anticancer agents.
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40
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Kim M, Cho HJ, Kwon GT, Kang YH, Kwon SH, Her S, Park T, Kim Y, Kee Y, Park JHY. Benzyl isothiocyanate suppresses high-fat diet-stimulated mammary tumor progression via the alteration of tumor microenvironments in obesity-resistant BALB/c mice. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:72-82. [PMID: 24729546 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that a high-fat diet (HFD) and M2-macrophages induce changes in tumor microenvironments and stimulate tumor growth and metastasis of 4T1 mammary cancer cells in BALB/c mice. In this study, we attempted to determine whether benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) inhibits HFD-induced changes in tumor progression and in tumor microenvironments. Four groups of female BALB/c mice (4-week-old) were fed on a control diet (CD, 10 kcal% fat) and HFD (60 kcal% fat) containing BITC (0, 25, or 100 mg/kg diet) for 20 weeks. Following 16 weeks of feeding, 4T1 cells (5×10(4) cells) were injected into the mammary fat pads, and animals were killed 30 d after the injection. HFD feeding increased solid tumor growth and the number of tumor nodules in the lung and liver, as compared to the CD group, and these increases were inhibited by BITC supplementation. The number of lipid vacuoles, CD45+ leukocytes and CD206+ M2-macrophages, expression of Ki67, levels of cytokines/chemokines, including macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and mRNA levels of F4/80, CD86, Ym1, CD163, CCR2, and M-CSF receptor were increased in the tumor tissues of HFD-fed mice, and these increases were inhibited by BITC supplementation. In vitro culture results demonstrated that BITC inhibited macrophage migration as well as lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. These results suggest that suppression of lipid accumulation and macrophage infiltration in tumor tissues may be one of the mechanisms by which BITC suppresses tumor progression in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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41
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Avtanski DB, Nagalingam A, Bonner MY, Arbiser JL, Saxena NK, Sharma D. Honokiol inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells by targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/Zeb1/E-cadherin axis. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:565-80. [PMID: 24508063 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a critical step in the acquisition of metastatic state, is an attractive target for therapeutic interventions directed against tumor metastasis. Honokiol (HNK) is a natural phenolic compound isolated from an extract of seed cones from Magnolia grandiflora. Recent studies from our lab show that HNK impedes breast carcinogenesis. Here, we provide molecular evidence that HNK inhibits EMT in breast cancer cells resulting in significant downregulation of mesenchymal marker proteins and concurrent upregulation of epithelial markers. Experimental EMT induced by exposure to TGFβ and TNFα in spontaneously immortalized nontumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells is also completely reversed by HNK as evidenced by morphological as well as molecular changes. Investigating the downstream mediator(s) that may direct EMT inhibition by HNK, we found functional interactions between HNK, Stat3, and EMT-signaling components. In vitro and in vivo analyses show that HNK inhibits Stat3 activation in breast cancer cells and tumors. Constitutive activation of Stat3 abrogates HNK-mediated activation of epithelial markers whereas inhibition of Stat3 using small molecule inhibitor, Stattic, potentiates HNK-mediated inhibition of EMT markers, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, HNK inhibits recruitment of Stat3 on mesenchymal transcription factor Zeb1 promoter resulting in decreased Zeb1 expression and nuclear translocation. We also discover that HNK increases E-cadherin expression via Stat3-mediated release of Zeb1 from E-cadherin promoter. Collectively, this study reports that HNK effectively inhibits EMT in breast cancer cells and provide evidence for a previously unrecognized cross-talk between HNK and Stat3/Zeb1/E-cadherin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimiter B Avtanski
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Arumugam Nagalingam
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Michael Y Bonner
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Neeraj K Saxena
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 W Redwood St., Howard Hall, Rm 301, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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42
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Rose DP, Vona-Davis L. Biochemical and molecular mechanisms for the association between obesity, chronic inflammation, and breast cancer. Biofactors 2014; 40:1-12. [PMID: 23857944 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Upper body obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer and is related to an aggressive tumor phenotype and a poor prognosis regardless of menopausal status. After the menopause, the major mechanism for the association with disease risk is elevated estrogen production by adipose tissue, due to a high level of aromatase activity: these hormone-dependent tumors express both estrogen and progesterone receptors. Other important biological factors of risk include leptin and adiponectin, adipokines with opposing endocrine and paracrine activities, and obesity-related hyperinsulinemia. Chronic inflammation of the breast adipose tissue, which occurs in some obese women and is indicated by the accumulation of macrophages around dead adipocytes ("crown-like structures"), rather than adiposity per se, may prove to be the pathological lesion responsible for both local aromatase induction, and enhanced invasiveness and metastatic capacity through biological mechanisms that involve leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and insulin. A causal association between obesity in premenopausal women and breast cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition, perhaps with the participation of the Wnt signaling pathway, and aggressive hormone-independent breast cancer is suggested by a number of experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Rose
- Department of Surgery and Breast Cancer Research Program, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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43
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Integral role of PTP1B in adiponectin-mediated inhibition of oncogenic actions of leptin in breast carcinogenesis. Neoplasia 2013; 15:23-38. [PMID: 23358729 DOI: 10.1593/neo.121502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular effects of obesity are mediated by alterations in the levels of adipocytokines. High leptin level associated with obese state is a major cause of breast cancer progression and metastasis, whereas adiponectin is considered a "guardian angel adipocytokine" for its protective role against various obesity-related pathogenesis including breast cancer. In the present study, investigating the role of adiponectin as a potential inhibitor of leptin, we show that adiponectin treatment inhibits leptin-induced clonogenicity and anchorage-independent growth. Leptin-stimulated migration and invasion of breast cancer cells is also effectively inhibited by adiponectin. Analyses of the underlying molecular mechanisms reveal that adiponectin suppresses activation of two canonical signaling molecules of leptin signaling axis: extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt. Pretreatment of breast cancer cells with adiponectin protects against leptin-induced activation of ERK and Akt. Adiponectin increases expression and activity of the physiological inhibitor of leptin signaling, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), which is found to be integral to leptin-antagonist function of adiponectin. Inhibition of PTP1B blocks adiponectin-mediated inhibition of leptin-induced breast cancer growth. Our in vivo studies show that adenovirus-mediated adiponectin treatment substantially reduces leptin-induced mammary tumorigenesis in nude mice. Exploring therapeutic strategies, we demonstrate that treatment of breast cancer cells with rosiglitazone results in increased adiponectin expression and inhibition of migration and invasion. Rosiglitazone treatment also inhibits leptin-induced growth of breast cancer cells. Taken together, these data show that adiponectin treatment can inhibit the oncogenic actions of leptin through blocking its downstream signaling molecules and raising adiponectin levels could be a rational therapeutic strategy for breast carcinoma in obese patients with high leptin levels.
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44
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Spina A, Sapio L, Esposito A, Di Maiolo F, Sorvillo L, Naviglio S. Inorganic Phosphate as a Novel Signaling Molecule with Antiproliferative Action in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Biores Open Access 2013; 2:47-54. [PMID: 23515235 PMCID: PMC3569927 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient for living organisms. It plays a key role in diverse physiological functions, including osteoblast differentiation and skeletal mineralization. Relevantly, Pi is emerging as an important signaling molecule capable of modulating multiple cellular functions by altering signal transduction pathways, gene expression, and protein abundance in many cell types. To our knowledge, the consequences of elevated Pi on behavior of breast cancer cells have been poorly addressed. In this study we investigate the effects of Pi on proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We report that Pi inhibits proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by slowing cell cycle progression, without apoptosis occurrence. We found that Pi causes cells to accumulate in G1 phase in a time-dependent manner. Accordingly, G1 accumulation was associated with a decrease of cyclin A and cyclin E and an increase of cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27 protein levels, respectively. Moreover, the Pi-induced antiproliferative effect was dynamically accompanied by profound changes in ERK1/2 and STAT3 protein and phosphorylation levels in response to Pi. Altogether, our data represent the first evidence of Pi acting as a novel signaling molecule in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, capable of eliciting a strong antiproliferative action and suggest that targeting Pi levels at local sites might represent the rationale for developing novel strategies for therapeutic intervention in triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Spina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Medical School, Second University of Naples , Naples, Italy
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45
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Spina A, Di Maiolo F, Esposito A, Sapio L, Chiosi E, Sorvillo L, Naviglio S. cAMP Elevation Down-Regulates β3 Integrin and Focal Adhesion Kinase and Inhibits Leptin-Induced Migration of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Biores Open Access 2013; 1:324-32. [PMID: 23515360 PMCID: PMC3559230 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies and a major cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The high mortality rate associated with breast cancer is mainly due to a propensity of the tumor to metastasize, even if small or undetectable. Given the relevant role of leptin in breast cancer growth and metastasis, novel strategies to counteract biological effects of this obesity-linked cytokine are warranted. Recently, we demonstrated that in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, intracellular cAMP elevation completely abrogates both ERK1/2 and STAT3 phosphorylation in response to leptin. Very surprisingly, this provided evidence that when cAMP levels are increased, leptin drives cells towards apoptosis associated with a marked decrease of Bcl2 protein levels and accompanied by down-regulation of protein kinase A (PKA). The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of cAMP in leptin-associated motility of breast cancer cells. Here we show that cAMP elevation completely prevents leptin-induced migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Interestingly, the inhibition by cAMP-elevating agents of leptin-mediated cell migration is accompanied by a strong decrease of β3 integrin subunit and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) protein levels. Analysis of the underlying cAMP-dependent molecular mechanisms revealed that PKA blockers partly counteract the inhibition of leptin-induced migration and completely prevent the antiproliferative action by cAMP elevation. Moreover, a cAMP analogue that specifically activates Epac and not PKA has an inhibitory effect on leptin-induced cell migration as well. The present study confirms initial evidence for the efficacy of cAMP elevation against oncogenic effects of leptin, identifies β3 integrin subunit and FAK as proteins strongly down-regulated by cAMP elevation, and suggests that both cAMP/PKA- and cAMP/Epac-dependent pathways are involved in inhibition of leptin-induced migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The potential clinical significance and therapeutic applications of our data are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Spina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Second University of Naples , Medical School, Naples, Italy
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46
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Spina A, Sorvillo L, Di Maiolo F, Esposito A, D'Auria R, Di Gesto D, Chiosi E, Naviglio S. Inorganic phosphate enhances sensitivity of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells to doxorubicin via a p53-dependent pathway. J Cell Physiol 2012; 228:198-206. [PMID: 22674530 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. The clinical outcome for osteosarcoma remains discouraging despite aggressive surgery and intensive radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimens. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Previously, we have shown that inorganic phosphate (Pi) inhibits proliferation and aggressiveness of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells identifying adenylate cyclase, beta3 integrin, Rap1, ERK1/2 as proteins whose expression and function are relevantly affected in response to Pi. In this study, we investigated whether Pi could affect chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we report that Pi inhibits proliferation of p53-wild type U2OS cells (and not of p53-null Saos and p53-mutant MG63 cells) by slowing-down cell cycle progression, without apoptosis occurrence. Interestingly, we found that Pi strongly enhances doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity in U2OS, and not in Saos and MG63 cells, by apoptosis induction, as revealed by a marked increase of sub-G1 population, Bcl-2 downregulation, caspase-3 activation, and PARP cleavage. Remarkably, Pi/doxorubicin combination-induced cytotoxicity was accompanied by an increase of p53 protein levels and of p53 target genes mdm2, p21 and Bax, and was significantly reduced by the p53 inhibitor pifithrine-alpha. Moreover, the doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity was associated with ERK1/2 pathway inhibition in response to Pi. Altogether, our data enforce the evidence of Pi as a novel signaling molecule capable of inhibiting ERK pathway and inducing sensitization to doxorubicin of osteosarcoma cells by p53-dependent apoptosis, implying that targeting Pi levels might represent a rational strategy for improving osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Spina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Medical School, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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47
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Sehrawat A, Kim SH, Vogt A, Singh SV. Suppression of FOXQ1 in benzyl isothiocyanate-mediated inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2012; 34:864-73. [PMID: 23276794 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We showed previously that breast cancer chemoprevention with benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) in MMTV-neu mice was associated with induction of E-cadherin protein in vivo. Loss of E-cadherin expression and induction of mesenchymal markers (e.g. vimentin) are biochemical hallmarks of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a developmental process implicated in progression of cancer to aggressive state. This study offers novel insights into the mechanism by which BITC inhibits EMT. Exposure of MDA-MB-231, SUM159 and MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells to BITC (2.5 and 5 µM) resulted in transcriptional repression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) as well as its receptor (uPAR). However, ectopic expression of uPAR in MDA-MB-468 cells failed to confer protection against induction of E-cadherin and inhibition of cell invasion/migration resulting from BITC treatment. The BITC-mediated induction of E-cadherin and inhibition of cell migration was sustained in MDA-MB-231 and SUM159 cells transiently transfected with an uPAR-targeted small interfering RNA. Overexpression of Forkhead Box Q1 (FOXQ1), whose protein and messenger RNA levels were decreased by BITC treatment in cells and MDA-MB-231 xenografts, conferred marked protection against BITC-mediated inhibition of EMT and cell migration. In conclusion, this study implicates FOXQ1 suppression in BITC-mediated inhibition of EMT in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Sehrawat
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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48
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Lin JF, Tsai TF, Liao PC, Lin YH, Lin YC, Chen HE, Chou KY, Hwang TIS. Benzyl isothiocyanate induces protective autophagy in human prostate cancer cells via inhibition of mTOR signaling. Carcinogenesis 2012; 34:406-14. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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49
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Kim SH, Sehrawat A, Singh SV. Notch2 activation by benzyl isothiocyanate impedes its inhibitory effect on breast cancer cell migration. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 134:1067-79. [PMID: 22476855 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a promising anticancer constituent of edible cruciferous vegetables with in vivo efficacy against chemically induced as well as oncogene-driven breast cancer in experimental rodents. However, the mechanism underlying anticancer effect of BITC is not fully understood. This study was undertaken to determine the role of Notch signaling in anticancer responses to BITC as this pathway is often hyperactive in human breast cancer. Exposure of MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and SUM159 human breast cancer cells to pharmacologic concentrations of BITC (2.5 and 5 μM) resulted in cleavage (activation) of Notch1, Notch2, and Notch4, which was accompanied by induction of γ-secretase complex components Presenilin1 and/or Nicastrin. The BITC-mediated cleavage of Notch was associated with its transcriptional activation as revealed by RBP-Jk and Hes-1A/B luciferase reporter assays. Inhibition of cell migration or cell viability resulting from BITC exposure was not influenced by pharmacological suppression of Notch1 using a γ-secretase inhibitor or RNA interference of Notch1 as well as Notch4. On the other hand, the BITC-mediated inhibition of cell migration, but not cell viability, was significantly augmented by siRNA and shRNA knockdown of Notch2 protein. Furthermore, the BITC-mediated inhibition of MDA-MB-231 xenograft growth in vivo was associated with a significant increase in nuclear levels of cleaved Notch2 and Hes-1 proteins. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that (a) BITC treatment activates Notch2 in cultured and xenografted human breast cancer cells, and (b) Notch2 activation impedes inhibitory effect of BITC on cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 2.32A Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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50
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Xiao D, Bommareddy A, Kim SH, Sehrawat A, Hahm ER, Singh SV. Benzyl isothiocyanate causes FoxO1-mediated autophagic death in human breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32597. [PMID: 22457718 PMCID: PMC3310839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a constituent of edible cruciferous vegetables, inhibits growth of breast cancer cells but the mechanisms underlying growth inhibitory effect of BITC are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that BITC treatment causes FoxO1-mediated autophagic death in cultured human breast cancer cells. The BITC-treated breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, BT-474, and BRI-JM04) and MDA-MB-231 xenografts from BITC-treated mice exhibited several features characteristic of autophagy, including appearance of double-membrane vacuoles (transmission electron microscopy) and acidic vesicular organelles (acridine orange staining), cleavage of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), and/or suppression of p62 (p62/SQSTM1 or sequestosome 1) expression. On the other hand, a normal human mammary epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) was resistant to BITC-induced autophagy. BITC-mediated inhibition of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell viability was partially but statistically significantly attenuated in the presence of autophagy inhibitors 3-methyl adenine and bafilomycin A1. Stable overexpression of Mn-superoxide dismutase, which was fully protective against apoptosis, conferred only partial protection against BITC-induced autophagy. BITC treatment decreased phosphorylation of mTOR and its downstream targets (P70s6k and 4E-BP1) in cultured MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 xenografts, but activation of mTOR by transient overexpression of its positive regulator Rheb failed to confer protection against BITC-induced autophagy. Autophagy induction by BITC was associated with increased expression and acetylation of FoxO1. Furthermore, autophagy induction and cell growth inhibition resulting from BITC exposure were significantly attenuated by small interfering RNA knockdown of FoxO1. In conclusion, the present study provides novel insights into the molecular circuitry of BITC-induced cell death involving FoxO1-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ajay Bommareddy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wilkes University School of Pharmacy, Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Su-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anuradha Sehrawat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shivendra V. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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