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Joshi P, Ayyagari V, Kandel S, Modur V, Iqbal MF, Robinson K, Gao J, Rao K. Loss of RAB25 Cooperates with Oncogenes in the Transformation of Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (HMECs) to Give Rise to Claudin-Low Tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:8544837. [PMID: 38803515 PMCID: PMC11129910 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8544837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The loss of RAB25 expression-RAS superfamily of GTPase characteristic of numerous breast cancers-corresponds with H-RAS point mutations, particularly in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), a subtype associated with a poor prognosis. To address the poorly understood factors dictating the progression of TNBC tumors, we examine the cooperative effects that loss of RAB25 expression in human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) lines with H-RAS mutations confers in tumorigenesis. HMECs were immortalized by transduction with LXSN CDK4 R24C, a mutant form of cyclin-dependent kinase, followed by transduction with hTERT, a catalytic subunit of the telomerase enzyme. We found that with the loss of RAB25 and overexpression of mutant H-RAS61L, immortal HMECs transformed toward anchorage-independent growth and acquired an increased ability to migrate. Furthermore, cells express low CD24, high CD44, and low claudin levels, indicating stem-like properties upon transformation. Besides, loss of RAB25 and overexpression of H-RAS61L resulted in increased expression of transcription factors Snail and Slug that drive these cells to lose E-cadherin and undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study confirms that loss of RAB25 and overexpression of mutant H-RAS can drive HMECs toward a mesenchymal stem-like state. Our findings reveal that RAB25 functions as a tumor suppressor gene, and loss of RAB25 could serve as a novel biomarker of the claudin-low type of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijayalakshmi Ayyagari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Samikshya Kandel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Vishnu Modur
- Medpace, Inc., 5400 Medpace Way, Cincinnati, OH 45227, USA
| | - Muhammad F. Iqbal
- Cancer Specialists of North Florida, 80 Pinnacles Drive, Suite 700, Palm Coast, FL 32164, USA
| | - Kathy Robinson
- Simmons Cancer Institute at Southern Illinois University, 315 W Carpenter St., Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - John Gao
- Department of Pathology and Gastroenterology, Memorial Medical Center, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Krishna Rao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Simmons Cancer Institute at Southern Illinois University, 315 W Carpenter St., Springfield, IL 62702, USA
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Rithvik A, Samarpita S, Rasool M. Unleashing the pathological imprinting of cancer in autoimmunity: Is ZEB1 the answer? Life Sci 2023; 332:122115. [PMID: 37739160 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The intriguing scientific relationship between autoimmunity and cancer immunology have been traditionally indulged to throw spotlight on novel pathological targets. Understandably, these "slowly killing" diseases are on the opposite ends of the immune spectrum. However, the immune regulatory mechanisms between autoimmunity and cancer are not always contradictory and sometimes mirror each other based on disease stage, location, and timepoint. Moreover, the blockade of immune checkpoint molecules or signalling pathways that unleashes the immune response against cancer is being leveraged to preserve self-tolerance and treat many autoimmune disorders. Therefore, understanding the common crucial factors involved in cancer is of paramount importance to paint the autoimmune disease spectrum and validate novel drug candidates. In the current review, we will broadly describe how ZEB1, or Zinc-finger E-box Binding Homeobox 1, reinforces immune exhaustion in cancer or contributes to loss of self-tolerance in auto-immune conditions. We made an effort to exchange information about the molecular pathways and pathological responses (immune regulation, cell proliferation, senescence, autophagy, hypoxia, and circadian rhythm) that can be regulated by ZEB1 in the context of autoimmunity. This will help untwine the intricate and closely postured pathogenesis of ZEB1, that is less explored from the perspective of autoimmunity than its counterpart, cancer. This review will further consider several approaches for targeting ZEB1 in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arulkumaran Rithvik
- Immunopathology Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nādu, India
| | - Snigdha Samarpita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mahaboobkhan Rasool
- Immunopathology Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nādu, India.
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Zhang Q, Zhang Z, He X, Liu Z, Shen L, Long C, Wei G, Liu X. Expression of Rab25 is down-regulated in the foreskin of children with hypospadias. J Pediatr Urol 2023; 19:581.e1-581.e6. [PMID: 37246119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypospadias, a congenital malformation of the penis, is one of the newborns' most common developmental defects. The incidence of hypospadias is increasing yearly, and its pathogenesis is closely related to genetic susceptibility and environmental exposure to endocrine disruptors. Exploring the hypospadias' key molecular regulatory mechanism is crucial to reducing its incidence. OBJECTIVE To examine the differential expression of Rab25 in hypospadias and normal penile tissue and to identify whether it is a candidate gene for exploring the mechanism of hypospadias. STUDY DESIGN This study included 18 children aged 1-6 years undergoing hypospadias repair surgery at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, and foreskin samples were collected. Children diagnosed with cryptorchidism, intersex status, or endocrine abnormalities were excluded from this study. Another 18 children aged 3-8 years with phimosis were included in the control group. The specimens were used for immunohistochemistry, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and polymerase chain reaction to assess the expression of Rab25. RESULTS Rab25 protein expression was lower in the hypospadias group than in the control group [ (2.101 ± 0.1845), (0.7506 ± 0.1779), p = 0.0008 < 0.05). The hypospadias group showed decreased expression of Rab25 protein in the epithelial cell layer. Rab25 mRNA levels were downregulated in the foreskin of children with hypospadias compared with controls [(1.697 ± 0.2005), (0.7687 ± 0.2130), p = 0.0053 < 0.05)]. DISCUSSION Rab25 mRNA and protein expressions in the hypospadias group were significantly downregulated compared with the control group. This was consistent with the results of single-cell sequencing of fetal mice reproductive nodules at 15.5 days of gestation (Zhang Z, Liu Z, Zhang Q, et al., unpublished observations). Our study represents the first report of abnormal Rab25 expression in the foreskin tissue of patients with hypospadias. More detailed research on the relationship between Rab25 and urethral development could be conducted to reveal the molecular mechanism of hypospadias. CONCLUSION The expression of Rab25 in foreskin tissue was lower in the hypospadias group than in the control group. Rab25 is involved in the formation of the urethral seam and the occurrence of hypospadias. The potential mechanism by which Rab25 affects the canalization of the urethral plate needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Xueyu He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Xing Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China.
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He P, Dai Q, Wu X. New insight in urological cancer therapy: From epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to application of nano-biomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115672. [PMID: 36906272 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A high number of cancer-related deaths (up to 90) are due to metastasis and simple definition of metastasis is new colony formation of tumor cells in a secondary site. In tumor cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) stimulates metastasis and invasion, and it is a common characteristic of malignant tumors. Prostate cancer, bladder cancer and renal cancer are three main types of urological tumors that their malignant and aggressive behaviors are due to abnormal proliferation and metastasis. EMT has been well-documented as a mechanism for promoting invasion of tumor cells and in the current review, a special attention is directed towards understanding role of EMT in malignancy, metastasis and therapy response of urological cancers. The invasion and metastatic characteristics of urological tumors enhance due to EMT induction and this is essential for ensuring survival and ability in developing new colonies in neighboring and distant tissues and organs. When EMT induction occurs, malignant behavior of tumor cells enhances and their tend in developing therapy resistance especially chemoresistance promotes that is one of the underlying reasons for therapy failure and patient death. The lncRNAs, microRNAs, eIF5A2, Notch-4 and hypoxia are among common modulators of EMT mechanism in urological tumors. Moreover, anti-tumor compounds such as metformin can be utilized in suppressing malignancy of urological tumors. Besides, genes and epigenetic factors modulating EMT mechanism can be therapeutically targeted for interfering malignancy of urological tumors. Nanomaterials are new emerging agents in urological cancer therapy that they can improve potential of current therapeutics by their targeted delivery to tumor site. The important hallmarks of urological cancers including growth, invasion and angiogenesis can be suppressed by cargo-loaded nanomaterials. Moreover, nanomaterials can improve chemotherapy potential in urological cancer elimination and by providing phototherapy, they mediate synergistic tumor suppression. The clinical application depends on development of biocompatible nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qiang Dai
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Yin G, Huang J, Petela J, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Gong S, Wu J, Liu B, Shi J, Gao Y. Targeting small GTPases: emerging grasps on previously untamable targets, pioneered by KRAS. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:212. [PMID: 37221195 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases including Ras, Rho, Rab, Arf, and Ran are omnipresent molecular switches in regulating key cellular functions. Their dysregulation is a therapeutic target for tumors, neurodegeneration, cardiomyopathies, and infection. However, small GTPases have been historically recognized as "undruggable". Targeting KRAS, one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes, has only come into reality in the last decade due to the development of breakthrough strategies such as fragment-based screening, covalent ligands, macromolecule inhibitors, and PROTACs. Two KRASG12C covalent inhibitors have obtained accelerated approval for treating KRASG12C mutant lung cancer, and allele-specific hotspot mutations on G12D/S/R have been demonstrated as viable targets. New methods of targeting KRAS are quickly evolving, including transcription, immunogenic neoepitopes, and combinatory targeting with immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the vast majority of small GTPases and hotspot mutations remain elusive, and clinical resistance to G12C inhibitors poses new challenges. In this article, we summarize diversified biological functions, shared structural properties, and complex regulatory mechanisms of small GTPases and their relationships with human diseases. Furthermore, we review the status of drug discovery for targeting small GTPases and the most recent strategic progress focused on targeting KRAS. The discovery of new regulatory mechanisms and development of targeting approaches will together promote drug discovery for small GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Yin
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Johnny Petela
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yuetong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Siqi Gong
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Bei Liu
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Yijun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Banushi B, Joseph SR, Lum B, Lee JJ, Simpson F. Endocytosis in cancer and cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6. [PMID: 37217781 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a complex process whereby cell surface proteins, lipids and fluid from the extracellular environment are packaged, sorted and internalized into cells. Endocytosis is also a mechanism of drug internalization into cells. There are multiple routes of endocytosis that determine the fate of molecules, from degradation in the lysosomes to recycling back to the plasma membrane. The overall rates of endocytosis and temporal regulation of molecules transiting through endocytic pathways are also intricately linked with signalling outcomes. This process relies on an array of factors, such as intrinsic amino acid motifs and post-translational modifications. Endocytosis is frequently disrupted in cancer. These disruptions lead to inappropriate retention of receptor tyrosine kinases on the tumour cell membrane, changes in the recycling of oncogenic molecules, defective signalling feedback loops and loss of cell polarity. In the past decade, endocytosis has emerged as a pivotal regulator of nutrient scavenging, response to and regulation of immune surveillance and tumour immune evasion, tumour metastasis and therapeutic drug delivery. This Review summarizes and integrates these advances into the understanding of endocytosis in cancer. The potential to regulate these pathways in the clinic to improve cancer therapy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerida Banushi
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shannon R Joseph
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benedict Lum
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason J Lee
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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Li Q, Zhao H, Dong W, Guan N, Hu Y, Zeng Z, Zhang H, Zhang F, Li Q, Yang J, Xiao W. RAB27A promotes the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19359. [PMID: 36371494 PMCID: PMC9653419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer types worldwide. Despite significant advances in prevention and diagnosis, CRC is still one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality globally. RAB27A, the member of RAB27 family of small GTPases, is the critical protein for intracellular secretion and has been reported to promote tumor progression. However, it is controversial for the role of RAB27A in CRC progression, so we explored the exact function of RAB27A in CRC development in this study. Based on the stable colon cancer cell lines of RAB27A knockdown and ectopic expression, we found that RAB27A knockdown inhibited proliferation and clone formation of SW480 colon cancer cells, whereas ectopic expression of RAB27A in RKO colon cancer cells facilitated cell proliferation and clone formation, indicating that RAB27A is critical for colon cancer cell growth. In addition, our data demonstrated that the migration and invasion of colon cancer cells were suppressed by RAB27A knockdown, but promoted by RAB27A ectopic expression. Therefore, RAB27A is identified as an onco-protein in mediating CRC development, which may be a valuable prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Li
- grid.454145.50000 0000 9860 0426Graduate School of Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, 121001 China ,grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071 China ,Department of Oncology, Suining Central Hospital, Sichuan, 629300 China
| | - Huixia Zhao
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Oncology, 4th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Weiwei Dong
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Na Guan
- grid.454145.50000 0000 9860 0426Graduate School of Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, 121001 China ,grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Zhiyan Zeng
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Oncology, 4th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - He Zhang
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Oncology, 4th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Fengyun Zhang
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Oncology, 4th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Qiuwen Li
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Wenhua Xiao
- grid.454145.50000 0000 9860 0426Graduate School of Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, 121001 China ,grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071 China
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Isali I, McClellan P, Calaway A, Prunty M, Abbosh P, Mishra K, Ponsky L, Markt S, Psutka SP, Bukavina L. Gene network profiling in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:197.e11-197.e23. [PMID: 35039218 PMCID: PMC10123538 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining meta-analysis of transcriptional profiling of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) through Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets has not been investigated. This study aims to define gene expression profiles in MIBC and to identify potential candidate genes and pathways. OBJECTIVES To review and evaluate gene expression studies in MIBC through publicly available RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and microarray data in order to identify potential prognostic and therapeutic targets for MIBC. METHODS A systematic literature search of the Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Wiley Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was performed using the terms "gene," "gene expression," and "bladder cancer" January 1, 1990 through March 2021 focused on populations with MIBC. RESULTS In the final analysis, GEO datasets were included. Fixed effect model was employed in the meta-analysis. Gene networking connections and gene-set functional analyses of the identified genes as differentially expressed in MIBC were performed using ImaGEO and GeneMANIA software. A heatmap for the upregulated and downregulated genes was generated along with the correlated pathways. CONCLUSION A total of 9 genes were reported in this analysis. Six genes were reported as upregulated (ProTα, SPINT1, UBE2E1, RAB25, KPNB1, HDAC1) and 3 genes as downregulated (NUP188, IPO13, NUP124). Genes were found to be involved in "ubiquitin mediated proteolysis," "protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum," "transcriptional misregulation in cancer," and "RNA transport" pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaha Isali
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Phillip McClellan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Adam Calaway
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Megan Prunty
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Phillip Abbosh
- Department of Urology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kirtishri Mishra
- Department of Urology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lee Ponsky
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sarah Markt
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sarah P Psutka
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Laura Bukavina
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.
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9
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Soelch S, Beaufort N, Loessner D, Kotzsch M, Reuning U, Luther T, Kirchner T, Magdolen V. Rab31-dependent regulation of transforming growth factor ß expression in breast cancer cells. Mol Med 2021; 27:158. [PMID: 34906074 PMCID: PMC8670132 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small GTP-binding protein Rab31 plays an important role in the modulation of tumor biological-relevant processes, including cell proliferation, adhesion, and invasion. As an underlying mechanism, Rab31 is presumed to act as a molecular switch between a more proliferative and an invasive phenotype. This prompted us to analyze whether Rab31 overexpression in breast cancer cells affects expression of genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like processes when compared to Rab31 low-expressing cells. METHODS Commercially available profiler PCR arrays were applied to search for differentially expressed genes in Rab31 high- and low-expressing CAMA-1 breast cancer cells. Differential expression of selected candidate genes in response to Rab31 overexpression in CAMA-1 cells was validated by independent qPCR and protein assays. RESULTS Gene expression profiling of key genes involved in EMT, or its reciprocal process MET, identified 9 genes being significantly up- or down-regulated in Rab31 overexpressing CAMA-1 cells, with the strongest effects seen for TGFB1, encoding TGF-ß1 (> 25-fold down-regulation in Rab31 overexpressing cells). Subsequent validation analyses by qPCR revealed a strong down-regulation of TGFB1 mRNA levels in response to increased Rab31 expression not only in CAMA-1 cells, but also in another breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. Using ELISA and Western blot analysis, a considerable reduction of both intracellular and secreted TGF-ß1 antigen levels was determined in Rab31 overexpressing cells compared to vector control cells. Furthermore, reduced TGF-ß activity was observed upon Rab31 overexpression in CAMA-1 cells using a sensitive TGF-ß bioassay. Finally, the relationship between Rab31 expression and the TGF-ß axis was analyzed by another profiler PCR array focusing on genes involved in TGF-ß signaling. We found 12 out of 84 mRNAs significantly reduced and 7 mRNAs significantly increased upon Rab31 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that Rab31 is a potent modulator of the expression of TGF-ß and other components of the TGF-ß signaling pathway in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Soelch
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81576, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Beaufort
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum Der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Engineering and Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Ute Reuning
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81576, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Viktor Magdolen
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81576, Munich, Germany.
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10
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Tang Q, Lento A, Suzuki K, Efe G, Karakasheva T, Long A, Giroux V, Islam M, Wileyto EP, Klein‐Szanto AJ, Nakagawa H, Bass A, Rustgi AK. Rab11-FIP1 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in esophageal cancer. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e48351. [PMID: 33403789 PMCID: PMC7857540 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common subtype of esophageal cancer worldwide. The most commonly mutated gene in ESCC is TP53. Using a combinatorial genetic and carcinogenic approach, we generate a novel mouse model of ESCC expressing either mutant or null p53 and show that mutant p53 exhibits enhanced tumorigenic properties and displays a distinct genomic profile. Through RNA-seq analysis, we identify several endocytic recycling genes, including Rab Coupling Protein (Rab11-FIP1), which are significantly downregulated in mutant p53 tumor cells. In 3-dimensional (3D) organoid models, genetic knockdown of Rab11-FIP1 results in increased organoid size. Loss of Rab11-FIP1 increases tumor cell invasion in part through mutant p53 but also in an independent manner. Furthermore, loss of Rab11-FIP1 in human ESCC cell lines decreases E-cadherin expression and increases mesenchymal lineage-specific markers, suggesting induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Rab11-FIP1 regulates EMT through direct inhibition of Zeb1, a key EMT transcriptional factor. Our novel findings reveal that Rab11-FIP1 regulates organoid formation, tumor cell invasion, and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaosi Tang
- Abramson Cancer CenterPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterDivision of Digestive and Liver DiseasesDepartment of MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ashley Lento
- Abramson Cancer CenterPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Kensuke Suzuki
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterDivision of Digestive and Liver DiseasesDepartment of MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Gizem Efe
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterDivision of Digestive and Liver DiseasesDepartment of MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Tatiana Karakasheva
- Gastrointestinal Epithelium Modeling ProgramDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Apple Long
- Abramson Cancer CenterPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Véronique Giroux
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCCanada
| | - Mirazul Islam
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - E Paul Wileyto
- Abramson Cancer CenterPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Andres J Klein‐Szanto
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Biology ProgramFox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterDivision of Digestive and Liver DiseasesDepartment of MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Adam Bass
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterDivision of Digestive and Liver DiseasesDepartment of MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
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Ashrafizadeh M, Rafiei H, Mohammadinejad R, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. Anti-tumor activity of resveratrol against gastric cancer: a review of recent advances with an emphasis on molecular pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:66. [PMID: 33478512 PMCID: PMC7818776 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers with high malignancy. In spite of the great development in diagnostic tools and application of anti-tumor drugs, we have not witnessed a significant increase in the survival time of patients with GC. Multiple studies have revealed that Wnt, Nrf2, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways are involved in GC invasion. Besides, long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs function as upstream mediators in GC malignancy. GC cells have acquired resistance to currently applied anti-tumor drugs. Besides, combination therapy is associated with higher anti-tumor activity. Resveratrol (Res) is a non-flavonoid polyphenol with high anti-tumor activity used in treatment of various cancers. A number of studies have demonstrated the potential of Res in regulation of molecular pathways involved in cancer malignancy. At the present review, we show that Res targets a variety of signaling pathways to induce apoptotic cell death and simultaneously, to inhibit the migration and metastasis of GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Hossein Rafiei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, 9318614139, Iran.
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12
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Ferro E, Bosia C, Campa CC. RAB11-Mediated Trafficking and Human Cancers: An Updated Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010026. [PMID: 33406725 PMCID: PMC7823896 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The small GTPase RAB11 is a master regulator of both vesicular trafficking and membrane dynamic defining the surface proteome of cellular membranes. As a consequence, the alteration of RAB11 activity induces changes in both the sensory and the transduction apparatuses of cancer cells leading to tumor progression and invasion. Here, we show that this strictly depends on RAB11′s ability to control the sorting of signaling receptors from endosomes. Therefore, RAB11 is a potential therapeutic target over which to develop future therapies aimed at dampening the acquisition of aggressive traits by cancer cells. Abstract Many disorders block and subvert basic cellular processes in order to boost their progression. One protein family that is prone to be altered in human cancers is the small GTPase RAB11 family, the master regulator of vesicular trafficking. RAB11 isoforms function as membrane organizers connecting the transport of cargoes towards the plasma membrane with the assembly of autophagic precursors and the generation of cellular protrusions. These processes dramatically impact normal cell physiology and their alteration significantly affects the survival, progression and metastatization as well as the accumulation of toxic materials of cancer cells. In this review, we discuss biological mechanisms ensuring cargo recognition and sorting through a RAB11-dependent pathway, a prerequisite to understand the effect of RAB11 alterations in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsi Ferro
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 10129 Turin, Italy; (E.F.); (C.B.)
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Carla Bosia
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 10129 Turin, Italy; (E.F.); (C.B.)
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Carlo C. Campa
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 10129 Turin, Italy; (E.F.); (C.B.)
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Wang J, He H, Jiang Q, Wang Y, Jia S. CBX6 Promotes HCC Metastasis Via Transcription Factors Snail/Zeb1-Mediated EMT Mechanism. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12489-12500. [PMID: 33311989 PMCID: PMC7727033 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s257363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant tumor worldwide with high morbidity and mortality rates. We aimed to examine the expression of chromobox 6 (CBX6) in HCC and analyze its correlation with clinicopathological features of HCC patients. Moreover, the role of CBX6 in the HCC cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis and the potential mechanism underlying HCC metastasis were also investigated. Methods We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot to evaluate the expression levels of CBX6 in HCC cell lines. Furthermore, the expression of CBX6 in HCC and the adjacent non-tumor tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell proliferation was evaluated using MTT assay, cell migration and invasion were measured using wound healing and transwell assays. Finally, we detected the expression of target proteins in HCC cell lines transfected with CBX6 overexpression plasmid or CBX6 shRNA plasmid by Western blot. Results We found that the expression of CBX6 was increased in 280 cases of HCC tissues compared that in adjacent non-tumor tissues. HCC patients with high CBX6 expression had a higher tendency to have high growth rate, strong invasion ability, high clinical stage and poor tumor differentiation. Functional study demonstrated that the upregulation of CBX6 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells while silencing CBX6 in HCC cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, CBX6 could accelerate the EMT process in HCC cells by upregulating the expression of snail and zeb1. Conclusion CBX6 played an important role in the process of tumorigenesis and progression in HCC and enhanced the invasion and metastasis ability of HCC cells through regulating transcription factors snail/zeb1-mediated EMT mechanism, which indicated that the protein could serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamu Wang
- Liaocheng Peoples' Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui He
- Liaocheng Peoples' Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiucheng Jiang
- Liaocheng Peoples' Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Liaocheng Peoples' Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhao Jia
- Liaocheng Peoples' Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, People's Republic of China
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14
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Cancer-driving mutations and variants of components of the membrane trafficking core machinery. Life Sci 2020; 264:118662. [PMID: 33127517 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The core machinery for vesicular membrane trafficking broadly comprises of coat proteins, RABs, tethering complexes and SNAREs. As cellular membrane traffic modulates key processes of mitogenic signaling, cell migration, cell death and autophagy, its dysregulation could potentially results in increased cell proliferation and survival, or enhanced migration and invasion. Changes in the levels of some components of the core machinery of vesicular membrane trafficking, likely due to gene amplifications and/or alterations in epigenetic factors (such as DNA methylation and micro RNA) have been extensively associated with human cancers. Here, we provide an overview of association of membrane trafficking with cancer, with a focus on mutations and variants of coat proteins, RABs, tethering complex components and SNAREs that have been uncovered in human cancer cells/tissues. The major cellular and molecular cancer-driving or suppression mechanisms associated with these components of the core membrane trafficking machinery shall be discussed.
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15
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RAB25 confers resistance to chemotherapy by altering mitochondrial apoptosis signaling in ovarian cancer cells. Apoptosis 2020; 25:799-816. [PMID: 32901335 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related death in women. Many patients with ovarian cancer suffer from de novo or acquired resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we report that RAB25 suppresses chemotherapy-induced mitochondrial apoptosis signaling in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary ovarian cancer cells. RAB25 blocks chemotherapy-induced apoptosis upstream of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization by either increasing antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins or decreasing proapoptotic BCL-2 proteins. In particular, BAX expression negatively correlates with RAB25 expression in ovarian cancer cells. BH3 profiling assays corroborated that RAB25 decreases mitochondrial cell death priming. Suppressing RAB25 by means of RNAi or RFP14 inhibitory hydrocarbon-stapled peptide sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapy as well as RAB25-mediated proliferation, invasion and migration. Our data suggest that RAB25 is a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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16
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Comprehensive Analysis of Expression, Clinicopathological Association and Potential Prognostic Significance of RABs in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155580. [PMID: 32759795 PMCID: PMC7432855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RAB proteins (RABs) represent the largest subfamily of Ras-like small GTPases that regulate a wide variety of endosomal membrane transport pathways. Their aberrant expression has been demonstrated in various malignancies and implicated in pathogenesis. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we analyzed the differential expression and clinicopathological association of RAB genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Of the 62 RAB genes analyzed, five (RAB3A, RAB26, RAB25, RAB21, and RAB22A) exhibited statistically significant upregulation, while five (RAB6B, RAB8B, RABL2A, RABL2B, and RAB32) were downregulated in PDAC as compared to the normal pancreas. Racially disparate expression was also reported for RAB3A, RAB25, and RAB26. However, no clear trend of altered expression was observed with increasing stage and grade, age, and gender of the patients. PDAC from occasional drinkers had significantly higher expression of RAB21 compared to daily or weekly drinkers, whereas RAB25 expression was significantly higher in social drinkers, compared to occasional ones. The expression of RABL2A was significantly reduced in PDAC from diabetic patients, whereas RAB26 was significantly lower in pancreatitis patients. More importantly, a significant association of high expression of RAB21, RAB22A, and RAB25, and low expression of RAB6B, RABL2A, and RABL2B was observed with poorer survival of PC patients. Together, our study suggests potential diagnostic and prognostic significance of RABs in PDAC, warranting further investigations to define their functional and mechanistic significance.
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17
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Kim JY, Cho KH, Jeong BY, Park CG, Lee HY. Zeb1 for RCP-induced oral cancer cell invasion and its suppression by resveratrol. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1152-1163. [PMID: 32728068 PMCID: PMC8080807 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab coupling protein (RCP) is upregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and is correlated with the progression and survival of patients. However, the role of RCP in one of the aggressive types of HNSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), remains elusive. In the present study, we identified the important role of Zeb1 in RCP-induced OSCC epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion. RCP induces Zeb1 expression, and silencing Zeb1 expression significantly inhibits RCP-induced OSCC invasion. In addition, Zeb1 upregulates MT1-MMP expression to promote OSCC EMT and invasion. Furthermore, we observed that the β1 integrin/EGFR/β-catenin signaling cascade mediates RCP-induced Zeb1 expression to promote OSCC invasion. Notably, we provide evidence that resveratrol (REV) strongly inhibits RCP-induced Zeb1 expression through blocking β1 integrin endosome recycling and EGFR activation, leading to suppression of RCP-induced OSCC invasion, demonstrating the important role of RCP in OSCC invasion and its reversion by REV. Collectively, the present study provides evidence for the first time that RCP aggravates OSCC invasion through increasing Zeb1 expression and subsequently upregulating MT1-MMP expression and that this process is reversed by REV, providing novel biomarkers and indicating the therapeutic potential of REV in OSCC. Resveratrol, a naturally occurring compound present in grape skins, peanuts, and blueberries, reduces the ability of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells to spread to other parts of the body. Over half a million new cases of OSCC are diagnosed each year, and spread beyond the mouth is the most common cause of death. Hoi Young Lee at Konyang University, Daejon, Republic of Korea, and co-workers investigated whether a protein called RCP, which increases the invasiveness of many but not all types of cancer, is implicated in aggressive spread of OSCC. They found that RCP does increase the invasiveness of OSCC. Resveratrol is known to suppress the spread of many cancers, and strongly curtailed the spread of OSCC by blocking RCP activity. These results shed light on OSCC invasiveness, and offer a potential new treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gyo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Rab25-Mediated EGFR Recycling Causes Tumor Acquired Radioresistance. iScience 2020; 23:100997. [PMID: 32252020 PMCID: PMC7132159 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor acquired radioresistance remains as the major limit in cancer radiotherapy (RT). Rab25, a receptor recycling protein, has been reported to be enhanced in tumors with aggressive phenotype and chemotherapy resistance. In this study, elevated Rab25 expression was identified in an array of radioresistant human cancer cell lines, in vivo radioresistant xenograft tumors. Clinical investigation confirmed that Rab25 expression was also associated with a worse prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Enhanced activities of EGFR were observed in both NPC and LUAD radioresistant cells. Rab25 interacts with EGFR to enhance EGFR recycling to cell surface and to decrease degradation in cytoplasm. Inhibition of Rab25 showed synergized radiosensitivity with reduced aggressive phenotype. This study provides the clinical and experimental evidence that Rab25 is a potential therapeutic target to alleviate the hyperactive EGFR signaling and to prevent RT-acquired tumor resistance in patients with LUAD and NPC.
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Zhu Y, Shi F, Wang M, Ding J. Knockdown of Rab9 Suppresses the Progression of Gastric Cancer Through Regulation of Akt Signaling Pathway. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820915958. [PMID: 32301398 PMCID: PMC7168775 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820915958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabs have been reported to be involved in the carcinogenesis process and in the progression of cancer. However, it is unclear whether or not Rab9 is associated with the development of cancer. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of Rab9 in the biological functions of gastric cancer cells. The gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MKN45 were transfected with siRNA-Rab9 to block the expression of Rab9. The cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were examined using Cell Count Kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Our data showed that silencing of Rab9 significantly inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of AGS and MKN45 cells. Moreover, transfection with siRab9 promoted the rate of apoptosis in AGS and MKN45 cells through regulating the Bcl-2-Bax axis and the Caspase cascade. We also found that silencing of Rab9 inhibited activation of the Akt signaling pathway by downregulating the phosphorylation level of Akt. In conclusion, our data suggest that Rab9 plays an oncogenic role in the progression of gastric cancer, providing a potential target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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20
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Rab25 and RCP in cancer progression. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:101-112. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Zhang Y, Yang B, Cheng X, Liu L, Zhu Y, Gong Y, Yang Y, Tian J, Peng X, Zou D, Yang L, Mei S, Wang X, Lou J, Ke J, Li J, Gong J, Chang J, Yuan P, Zhong R. Integrative functional genomics identifies regulatory genetic variant modulating RAB31 expression and altering susceptibility to breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1845-1854. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
- School of Public Health; Zunyi Medical University; Zunyi Guizhou China
| | - Beifang Yang
- Hubei Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention; Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Wuhan China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Li Liu
- Guangdong Key Lab of Molecular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yajie Gong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Jianbo Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xiating Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Danyi Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Shufang Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Jiao Lou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Juntao Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Jiaoyuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of VIP Medical Services; National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
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22
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Cho SH, Kuo IY, Lu PJF, Tzeng HT, Lai WW, Su WC, Wang YC. Rab37 mediates exocytosis of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 to inhibit Wnt signaling and thus suppress lung cancer stemness. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:868. [PMID: 30158579 PMCID: PMC6115395 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that dysregulated Rab small GTPase-mediated vesicle trafficking pathways are associated with cancer progression. However, whether any of the Rabs plays a suppressor role in cancer stemness is least explored. Rab37 has been postulated as a tumor suppressive small GTPase for trafficking anti-tumor cargos. Here, we report a previously uncharacterized mechanism by which Rab37 mediates exocytosis of secreted frizzled-related protein-1 (SFRP1), an extracellular antagonist of Wnt, to suppress Wnt signaling and cancer stemness in vitro and in vivo. Reconstitution experiments indicate that SFRP1 secretion is crucial for Rab37-mediated cancer stemness suppression and treatment with SRPP1 recombinant protein reduces xenograft tumor initiation ability. Clinical results confirm that concordantly low Rab37, low SFRP1, and high Oct4 stemness protein expression profile can be used as a biomarker to predict poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. Our findings reveal that Rab37-mediated SFRP1 secretion suppresses cancer stemness, and dysregulated Rab37-SFRP1 pathway confers cancer stemness via the activation of Wnt signaling. Rab37-SFRP1-Wnt axis could be a potential therapeutic target for attenuating lung cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Huei Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - I-Ying Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Frank Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Tai Tzeng
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Wei Lai
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Tainan City, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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23
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Villagomez FR, Medina-Contreras O, Cerna-Cortes JF, Patino-Lopez G. The role of the oncogenic Rab35 in cancer invasion, metastasis, and immune evasion, especially in leukemia. Small GTPases 2018; 11:334-345. [PMID: 29781368 PMCID: PMC7549652 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2018.1463895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of cancer has allowed researchers to describe some biological characteristics that tumor cells acquire during their development, known as the “hallmarks of cancer” but more research is needed to expand our knowledge about cancer biology and to generate new strategies of treatment. The role that RabGTPases might play in some hallmarks of cancer represents interesting areas of study since these proteins are frequently altered in cancer. However, their participation is not well known. Recently, Rab35was recognized as an oncogenic RabGTPase and and because of its association with different cellular functions, distinctly important in immune cells, a possible role of Rab35 in leukemia can be suggested. Nevertheless, the involvement of Rab35 in cancer remains poorly understood and its possible specific role in leukemia remains unknown. In this review, we analyze general aspects of the participation of RabGTPases in cancer, and especially, the plausible role of Rab35 in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian R Villagomez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez , Ciudad de México, México.,Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Oscar Medina-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jorge Francisco Cerna-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Genaro Patino-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez , Ciudad de México, México
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24
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Rab25 augments cancer cell invasiveness through a β1 integrin/EGFR/VEGF-A/Snail signaling axis and expression of fascin. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e435. [PMID: 29371698 PMCID: PMC5799805 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The small GTP-binding protein Rab25 is associated with tumor formation and progression. However, recent studies have shown discordant effects of Rab25 on cancer cell progression depending on cell lineage. In the present study, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which Rab25 induces cellular invasion. We demonstrate that Rab25 increases β1 integrin levels and subsequent activation of EGFR and upregulation of VEGF-A expression, leading to increased Snail expression, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cancer cell invasiveness. Strikingly, we identify that Snail mediates Rab25-induced cancer cell invasiveness through fascin expression and that ectopic expression of Rab25 aggravates metastasis of ovarian cancer cells to the lung. We thus demonstrate a novel role of a β1 integrin/EGFR/VEGF-A/Snail signaling cascade in Rab25-induced cancer cell aggressiveness through induction of fascin expression, thus providing novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for Rab25-expressing cancer cells.
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25
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Rab25 acts as an oncogene in luminal B breast cancer and is causally associated with Snail driven EMT. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40252-40265. [PMID: 27259233 PMCID: PMC5130006 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rab GTPases regulate vesicular trafficking machinery that transports and delivers a diverse pool of cargo, including growth factor receptors, integrins, nutrient receptors and junction proteins to specific intracellular sites. The trafficking machinery is indeed a major posttranslational modifier and is critical for cellular homeostasis. Deregulation of this stringently controlled system leads to a wide spectrum of disorders including cancer. Herein we demonstrate that Rab25, a key GTPase, mostly decorating the apical recycling endosome, is a dichotomous variable in breast cancer cell lines with higher mRNA and protein expression in Estrogen Receptor positive (ER+ve) lines. Rab25 and its effector, Rab Coupling Protein (RCP) are frequently coamplified and coordinately elevated in ER+ve breast cancers. In contrast, Rab25 levels are decreased in basal-like and almost completely lost in claudin-low tumors. This dichotomy exists despite the presence of the 1q amplicon that hosts Rab25 across breast cancer subtypes and is likely due to differential methylation of the Rab25 promoter. Functionally, elevated levels of Rab25 drive major hallmarks of cancer including indefinite growth and metastasis but in case of luminal B breast cancer only. Importantly, in such ER+ve tumors, coexpression of Rab25 and its effector, RCP is significantly associated with a markedly worsened clinical outcome. Importantly, in claudin-low cell lines, exogenous Rab25 markedly inhibits cell migration. Similarly, during Snail-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) exogenous Rab25 potently reverses Snail-driven invasion. Overall, this study substantiates a striking context dependent role of Rab25 in breast cancer where Rab25 is amplified and enhances aggressiveness in luminal B cancers while in claudin-low tumors, Rab25 is lost indicating possible anti-tumor functions.
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Liu Y, Wang J, Ni T, Wang L, Wang Y, Sun X. CCL20 mediates RANK/RANKL-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometrial cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25328-39. [PMID: 27015366 PMCID: PMC5041907 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RANK/RANKL facilitates migration/invasion via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in certain malignant tumors. The relationship and mechanism between RANK/RANKL and EMT in endometrial cancer (EC) cells, however, remain unclear. In this study, we firstly showed that RANK/RANKL activation was correlated with EC staging and EMT markers in human EC tissue specimen. RANK/RANKL promoted migration/invasion and initiated EMT of EC cell lines. Then, protein chip analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that the expression and secretion of chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) was dramatically enhanced in RANKL-treated RANK over-expressed EC cells. Moreover, the higher level of CCL20 in both serum and tumor tissue was detected in orthotopic transplantation mouse models. Finally, we confirmed that CCL20 contributed to invasion and EMT of RANK over-expressed EC cells. In summary, all data supported the hypothesis that RANK/RANKL elevated the expression and secretion of CCL20 in EC cells, which promoted cancer progression through EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Ni
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yudong Wang
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Laboratory for Gynecologic Oncology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Wang S, Hu C, Wu F, He S. Rab25 GTPase: Functional roles in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64591-64599. [PMID: 28969096 PMCID: PMC5610028 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab25, a small GTPase belongs to the Rab protein family, has a pivotal role in cancer pathophysiology. Rab25 governs cell-surface receptors recycling and cellular signaling pathways activation, allowing it to control a diverse range of cellular functions, including cell proliferation, cell motility and cell death. Aberrant expression of Rab25 was linked to cancer development. Majority of research findings revealed that Rab25 is an oncogene. Elevated expression of Rab25 was correlated with poor prognosis and aggressiveness of renal, lung, breast, ovarian and other cancers. However, tumor suppressor function of Rab25 was reported in several cancers, such as colorectal cancer, indicating the tumor type-specific function of Rab25. In this review, we recapitulate the current knowledge of Rab25 in cancer development and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shasha He
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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28
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Feng ZH, Fang Y, Zhao LY, Lu J, Wang YQ, Chen ZH, Huang Y, Wei JH, Liang YP, Cen JJ, Pan YH, Liao B, Chen W, Luo JH. RIN1 promotes renal cell carcinoma malignancy by activating EGFR signaling through Rab25. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1620-1627. [PMID: 28612496 PMCID: PMC5543468 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified the important role of RIN1 expression in the prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The role of RIN1 in ccRCC malignancy and underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that ccRCC cells and tissues expressed more RIN1 than normal controls. Gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function studies demonstrated that RIN1 enhanced ccRCC cell growth, migration and invasion abilities in vitro and promoted tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that RIN1 has an activating effect on EGFR signaling in ccRCC. In addition, we unveil Rab25, a critical GTPase in ccRCC malignancy, as a functional RIN1 interacting partner. Knockdown of Rab25 eliminated the augmentation of carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion by ectopic RIN1. We also confirmed that RIN1 and Rab25 expression correlates with the overall‐survival of ccRCC patients from TCGA. These findings suggest that RIN1 plays an important oncogenic role in ccRCC malignancy by activation of EGFR signaling through interacting with Rab25, and RIN1 could be employed as an effective therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Feng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang-Yun Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Qian Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Huan Wei
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Ping Liang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Jie Cen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Hui Pan
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Liao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Hang Luo
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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29
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Hu C, Chen B, Zhou Y, Shan Y. High expression of Rab25 contributes to malignant phenotypes and biochemical recurrence in patients with prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:45. [PMID: 28400705 PMCID: PMC5387234 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ras-related protein 25 (Rab25) functions either as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor with a cancer type-dependent manner. We aimed to investigate clinical significance of Rab25 in prostate cancer (PCa). Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry were respectively performed to detect Rab25 mRNA and protein expression in PCa and adjacent non-cancerous prostate tissues. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate predictive diagnostic value of Rab25. Associations of Rab25 expression with various clinicopathological characteristics and biochemical recurrence-free survival of PCa patients were statistically evaluated. In vitro, PCa cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assay, and the cell migration and invasion activities were evaluated by Transwell assay, following the transfection of Rab25 small interfering RNA. Results Ras-related protein 25 mRNA and protein expression in PCa tissues were both significantly higher than adjacent non-cancerous prostate tissues (both P < 0.001). The area under the curve of Rab25 immunoreactive score (IRS) was 0.896 (P < 0.001) with 74.0% sensitivity and 95.0% specificity. High Rab25 IRS was significantly associated with high Gleason score (P = 0.02) and distant metastasis (P = 0.01). PCa patients with high Rab25 IRS had shorter overall and biochemical recurrence-free survivals than those with low Rab25 IRS (both P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis identified Rab25 as an independent biomarker for both overall and biochemical recurrence-free survivals of PCa patients. By exploring its activities in vitro, Rab25 downregulation was found to inhibit PCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Conclusions High expression of Rab25 may contribute to malignant progression and biochemical recurrence of PCa patients after radical prostatectomy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-017-0411-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an, 223300 Jiangsu China
| | - Yibin Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China
| | - Yuxi Shan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China
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30
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Qin X, Wang J, Wang X, Liu F, Jiang B, Zhang Y. Targeting Rabs as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1139-1147. [PMID: 28390930 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rab GTPases constitute the largest family of small GTPases. Rabs regulate not only membrane trafficking but also cell signaling, growth and survival, and development. Increasingly, Rabs and their effectors are shown to be overexpressed or subject to loss-of-function mutations in a variety of disease settings, including cancer progression. This review provides an overview of dysregulated Rab proteins in cancer, and highlights the signaling and secretory pathways in which they operate, with the aim of identifying potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. Recent progress and perspectives for direct and/or indirect targeting of Rabs are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Qin
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Jiongyi Wang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China.
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China.
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31
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Gankhuyag N, Yu KN, Davaadamdin O, Lee S, Cho WY, Park C, Jiang HL, Singh B, Chae CH, Cho MH, Cho CS. Suppression of Tobacco Carcinogen-Induced Lung Tumorigenesis by Aerosol-Delivered Glycerol Propoxylate Triacrylate-Spermine Copolymer/Short Hairpin Rab25 RNA Complexes in Female A/J Mice. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2017; 30:81-90. [PMID: 27792477 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2016.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rab25, a member of Rab family of small guanosine triphosphatase, is associated with progression of various types of human cancers, including lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths around the globe. METHODS In this study, we report the gene therapeutic effect of short hairpin Rab25 RNA (shRab25) on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in female A/J mice. Initially, mice (6 weeks old) were injected with single dose of NNK (2 mg/0.1 mL saline/mouse) by intraperitoneal injection to induce the tumor. Eight weeks later, shRab25 was complexed with glycerol propoxylate triacrylate-spermine (GPT-SPE) copolymer and delivered into tobacco-induced lung cancer models through a nose-only inhalation system twice a week for 2 months. RESULTS GPT-SPE/shRab25 largely decreased the tobacco-induced tumor numbers and tumor volume in the lungs compared to GPT-SPE- or GPT-SPE/shScr-delivered groups. Remarkably, aerosol-delivered GPT-SPE/shRab25 significantly decreased the expression level of Rab25 and other prominent apoptosis-related proteins in female A/J mice. The apoptosis in these mice was determined by detecting the expression level of Bcl-2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Bax, and further confirmed by TUNEL assay. CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly confirm the tumorigenic role of Rab25 in tobacco carcinogen-induced lung cancer and hence demonstrate aerosol delivery of shRab25 as a therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomundelger Gankhuyag
- 1 Laboratory of Toxicology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and The Research Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Nam Yu
- 1 Laboratory of Toxicology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and The Research Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Orkhonselenge Davaadamdin
- 1 Laboratory of Toxicology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and The Research Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Somin Lee
- 1 Laboratory of Toxicology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and The Research Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Young Cho
- 1 Laboratory of Toxicology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and The Research Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Park
- 2 Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- 3 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Bijay Singh
- 4 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Hee Chae
- 2 Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- 1 Laboratory of Toxicology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and The Research Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- 4 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
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Simultaneous Targeting of Bladder Tumor Growth, Survival, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition with a Novel Therapeutic Combination of Acetazolamide (AZ) and Sulforaphane (SFN). Target Oncol 2017; 11:209-27. [PMID: 26453055 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-015-0386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current chemotherapies for advanced stage metastatic bladder cancer often result in severe side effects, and most patients become drug resistant over time. Thus, there is a need for more effective therapies with minimal side effects. OBJECTIVE The acid/base balance in tumor cells is essential for tumor cell functioning. We reasoned that simultaneous targeting of pH homeostasis and survival pathways would improve therapeutic efficacy. We evaluated the effectiveness of targeting pH homeostasis with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide (AZ) in combination with the survival pathway targeting isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN) on the HTB-9 and RT112(H) human bladder tumor cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed viability, proliferation, and survival in vitro and effect on xenografts in vivo. RESULTS Combination AZ + SFN treatment induced dose-dependent suppression of growth, produced a potent anti-proliferative and anti-clonogenic effect, and induced apoptosis through caspase-3 and PARP activation. The anti-proliferative effect was corroborated by significant reductions in Ki-67, pHH3, cyclin D1, and sustained induction of the cell cycle inhibitors, p21 and p27. Both active p-Akt (Ser473) and p-S6 were significantly downregulated in the AZ + SFN combination treated cells with a concomitant inhibition of Akt kinase activity. The inhibitory effects of the AZ + SFN combination treatment showed similar efficacy as the dual PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitor NVP-BEZ235, albeit at an expected higher dose. In terms of the effect on the metastatic potential of these bladder cancers, we found downregulated expression of carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) concomitant with reductions in both E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin proteins mitigating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), suggesting negation of this program. CONCLUSION We suggest that reductions in these components could be linked with downregulation of the survival mediated Akt pathway and suggested an active role of the Akt pathway in bladder cancer. Altogether, our in vitro and pre-clinical model data support the potential use of an AZ + SFN combination for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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33
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Overexpression of SLC34A2 is an independent prognostic indicator in bladder cancer and its depletion suppresses tumor growth via decreasing c-Myc expression and transcriptional activity. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2581. [PMID: 28151475 PMCID: PMC5386463 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Solute carrier family 34 member 2 (SLC34A2), a pH-sensitive sodium-dependent phosphate transporter, is associated with several human cancers. In this study, we investigate the clinical significance of SLC34A2 and its function in human bladder cancer (BC). The expression dynamics of SLC34A2 were examined in two independent cohorts of BC samples by quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. In the training cohort (156 cases), we applied the X-tile program software to assess the optimal cutoff points for biomarkers in order to accurately classify patients according to clinical outcome. In the validation cohort (130 cases), the cutoff score derived from X-title analysis was investigated to determine the association of SLC34A2 expression with survival outcome. A series of in vitro and in vivo assays were then performed to elucidate the function of SLC34A2 in BC and its underlying mechanisms. Results showed that SLC34A2 was significantly upregulated in BC cell lines and clinical samples. In both two cohorts of BC samples, high expression of SLC34A2 was associated with large tumor size, advanced T status and poor patients' survival. The depletion of SLC34A2 in BC suppressed cellular viability, colony formation and anchorage-independent growth in vitro, and inhibited xenograft tumor growth in vivo, whereas overexpression of SLC34A2 had the converse effect. Simultaneously, downregulation of SLC34A2 decreased the transcriptional activity and protein expression level of c-Myc in BC cells, whereas restoration of c-Myc expression could compromise the anti-proliferation effect of SLC34A2 depletion. Furthermore, miR-214 was proved as a negative regulator of SLC34A2. Our present study illustrated that SLC34A2 has an important role in promoting proliferation and tumorigenicity of BC, and may represent a novel therapeutic target for this disease.
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Protein kinase D2 contributes to TNF-α-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition and invasion via the PI3K/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:5327-41. [PMID: 26683365 PMCID: PMC4868689 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although protein kinase D (PKD) has been shown to contribute to invasion and metastasis in several types of cancer, the role of PKD in the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has remained unclear. We found that PKD2 is up-regulated in HCC and is correlated with the metastasis of HCC. PKD2 positively regulated TNF-α-induced EMT and metastasis of HCC. Mechanistic studies revealed TNF-α-induced PKD2 activation is mediated by the formation of a TNFR1/TRAF2 complex. PKD2 bound directly to the p110α and p85 subunits of PI3K and promoted the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling cascade to stimulate EMT. In conclusion, our results have uncovered a novel role for the regulation of EMT and suggest inhibition of PKD2 as a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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35
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Chen DJ, Chen W, Jiang H, Yang H, Wang YC, Chen JH. Downregulation of DOCK1 sensitizes bladder cancer cells to cisplatin through preventing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:2845-2853. [PMID: 27660415 PMCID: PMC5019270 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past several decades, resistance to single or multiple anticancer agents has posed a great challenge in cancer therapy. Dedicator of cytokinesis 1 (DOCK1), the first identified member in DOCK family, plays diverse roles in cellular processes, including tumorigenesis. In this study, we explored the biological role of DOCK1 in the chemotherapeutic resistance in bladder cancer and its underlying mechanism. Our results showed that the bladder cancer cell lines UM-UC-3 and J82 with higher DOCK1 are more resistant to cisplatin, whereas B87 cells with the lowest expression of DOCK1 exhibited the highest sensitivity to cisplatin. Down-regulation of DOCK1 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) increased the cisplatin sensitivity in bladder cancer cells. Moreover, treatment with cisplatin induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), while transfection with Twist siRNA restored the chemosensitivity to cisplatin. In addition, we found that downregulation of DOCK1 reversed EMT program in bladder cancer cells. However, cotransfection with DOCK1 siRNA could not further enhance the cisplatin sensitivity and cellular phenotypic changes in tumor cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that downregulation of DOCK1 could increase the chemosensitivity in bladder cancer cells via preventing cisplatin-induced EMT, suggesting that DOCK1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Jin Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Nephropathy; Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Nephropathy; Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Hao Yang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Nephropathy; Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Nephropathy; Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Jiang-Hua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Nephropathy; Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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36
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Shan B, Man H, Liu J, Wang L, Zhu T, Ma M, Xv Z, Chen X, Yang X, Li P. TIM-3 promotes the metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by targeting epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the Akt/GSK-3β/Snail signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1551-61. [PMID: 27430162 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-con-taining protein-3 (TIM-3), a negative regulator of antitumor immune response, has been demonstrated to be involved in the onset and progression of several types of malignancies. The present study aimed to determine whether and how TIM‑3 plays such a role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). TIM-3 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and real‑time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT‑PCR) in ESCC and matched adjacent normal tissues. Functional experiments in vitro were performed to elucidate the effect of TIM‑3 knockdown on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in Eca109 and TE‑1 cell lines. Our data revealed that TIM‑3 expression was significantly elevated at both the mRNA and protein levels in ESCC tissues compared with the levels in the matched adjacent normal tissues (both P<0.001). TIM‑3 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.008), tumor‑node‑metastasis (TNM) stage (P=0.042) and depth of tumor invasion (P=0.042). In addition, we observed a strong correlation between high TIM‑3 expression and a worse overall survival of ESCC patients (P=0.001). Functional study demonstrated that TIM‑3 knockdown markedly inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cell lines without affecting apoptosis. In addition, TIM‑3 depletion was associated with downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and with reversion of EMT, as reflected by higher levels of the epithelial marker E‑cadherin and lower levels of the mesenchymal markers N‑cadherin and vimentin. Further study found that TIM‑3 depletion suppressed the signaling pathway involving p‑Akt, p‑GSK‑3β and Snail. Taken together, these results suggest that TIM‑3 is a novel therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for ESCC and promotes metastasis of ESCC by inducing EMT via, at least partially, the Akt/GSK-3β/Snail signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoen Shan
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Man
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- The Third Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Tienian Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050082, P.R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Zhili Xv
- Department of Urology, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Xinran Chen
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Xingxiao Yang
- Department of Infection Control, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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37
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Clausen MJAM, Melchers LJ, Mastik MF, Slagter-Menkema L, Groen HJM, Laan BFAMVD, van Criekinge W, de Meyer T, Denil S, van der Vegt B, Wisman GBA, Roodenburg JLN, Schuuring E. RAB25 expression is epigenetically downregulated in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with lymph node metastasis. Epigenetics 2016; 11:653-663. [PMID: 27379752 PMCID: PMC5048719 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1205176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC) have a low survival rate, mainly due to metastasis to the regional lymph nodes. For optimal treatment of these metastases, a neck dissection is required; however, inaccurate detection methods results in under- and over-treatment. New DNA prognostic methylation biomarkers might improve lymph node metastases detection. To identify epigenetically regulated genes associated with lymph node metastases, genome-wide methylation analysis was performed on 6 OOSCC with (pN+) and 6 OOSCC without (pN0) lymph node metastases and combined with a gene expression signature predictive for pN+ status in OOSCC. Selected genes were validated using an independent OOSCC cohort by immunohistochemistry and pyrosequencing, and on data retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas. A two-step statistical selection of differentially methylated sequences revealed 14 genes with increased methylation status and mRNA downregulation in pN+ OOSCC. RAB25, a known tumor suppressor gene, was the highest-ranking gene in the discovery set. In the validation sets, both RAB25 mRNA (P = 0.015) and protein levels (P = 0.012) were lower in pN+ OOSCC. RAB25 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with RAB25 methylation levels (P < 0.001) but RAB25 protein expression was not. Our data revealed that promoter methylation is a mechanism resulting in downregulation of RAB25 expression in pN+ OOSCC and decreased expression is associated with lymph node metastasis. Detection of RAB25 methylation might contribute to lymph node metastasis diagnosis and serve as a potential new therapeutic target in OOSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J A M Clausen
- a Departments of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands.,b Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - L J Melchers
- a Departments of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands.,b Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - M F Mastik
- a Departments of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - L Slagter-Menkema
- a Departments of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands.,c Otorhinolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - H J M Groen
- d Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - B F A M van der Laan
- c Otorhinolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - W van Criekinge
- e Department of Mathematical Modeling , Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - T de Meyer
- e Department of Mathematical Modeling , Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - S Denil
- f Gynecologic Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - B van der Vegt
- a Departments of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - G B A Wisman
- f Gynecologic Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - J L N Roodenburg
- b Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - E Schuuring
- a Departments of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
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38
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Cheng Z, Guo Y, Yang Y, Kan J, Dai S, Helian M, Li B, Xu J, Liu C. Nitidine chloride suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion through Akt/GSK-3β/Snail signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1023-9. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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39
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Luo Y, Ye GY, Qin SL, Mu YF, Zhang L, Qi Y, Qiu YE, Yu MH, Zhong M. High expression of Rab3D predicts poor prognosis and associates with tumor progression in colorectal cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 75:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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40
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Patel A, Sabbineni H, Clarke A, Somanath PR. Novel roles of Src in cancer cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, vascular permeability, microinvasion and metastasis. Life Sci 2016; 157:52-61. [PMID: 27245276 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Src-family kinases (SFKs), an intracellularly located group of non-receptor tyrosine kinases are involved in oncogenesis. The importance of SFKs has been implicated in the promotion of tumor cell motility, proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Recent evidences indicate that specific effects of SFKs on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as on endothelial and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment can have profound effects on tumor microinvasion and metastasis. Although, having been studied extensively, these novel features of SFKs may contribute to greater understanding of benefits from Src inhibition in various types of cancers. Here we review the novel role of SFKs, particularly c-Src in mediating EMT, modulation of tumor endothelial-barrier, transendothelial migration (microinvasion) and metastasis of cancer cells, and discuss the utility of Src inhibitors in vascular normalization and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Patel
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Harika Sabbineni
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Andrea Clarke
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center and Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.
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41
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Discrete functions of GSK3α and GSK3β isoforms in prostate tumor growth and micrometastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5947-62. [PMID: 25714023 PMCID: PMC4467413 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoform specific function of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) in cancer is not well defined. We report that silencing of GSK3α, but not GSK3β expression inhibited proliferation, survival and colony formation by the PC3, DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells, and the growth of PC3 tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice. Silencing of GSK3α, but not GSK3β resulted in reduced proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in tumor xenografts. ShRNA-mediated knockdown of GSK3α and GSK3β equally inhibited the ability of prostate cancer cells to migrate and invade the endothelial-barrier in vitro, and PC3 cell micrometastasis to lungs in vivo. Mechanistically, whereas silencing GSK3α resulted in increased expression of pro-apoptotic markers cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 in LNCaP, PC3 and DU145 cells, silencing GSK3β resulted in the inhibition of cell scattering, establishment of cell-cell contacts, increased expression and membrane localization of β-catenin, and reduced expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers such as Snail and MMP-9. This indicated the specific role of GSK3β in EMT, acquisition of motility and invasive potential. Overall, our data demonstrated the isoform specific role of GSK3α and GSK3β in prostate cancer cells in vitro, and tumor growth and micrometastasis in vivo, via distinct molecular and cellular mechanisms.
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42
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Araya CL, Cenik C, Reuter JA, Kiss G, Pande VS, Snyder MP, Greenleaf WJ. Identification of significantly mutated regions across cancer types highlights a rich landscape of functional molecular alterations. Nat Genet 2015; 48:117-25. [PMID: 26691984 PMCID: PMC4731297 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer sequencing studies have primarily identified cancer-driver genes by the accumulation of protein-altering mutations. An improved method would be annotation-independent, sensitive to unknown distributions of functions within proteins, and inclusive of non-coding drivers. We employed density-based clustering methods in 21 tumor types to detect variably-sized significantly mutated regions (SMRs). SMRs reveal recurrent alterations across a spectrum of coding and non-coding elements, including transcription factor binding sites and untranslated regions mutated in up to ∼15% of specific tumor types. SMRs reveal spatial clustering of mutations at molecular domains and interfaces, often with associated changes in signaling. Mutation frequencies in SMRs demonstrate that distinct protein regions are differentially mutated among tumor types, as exemplified by a linker region of PIK3CA in which biophysical simulations suggest mutations affect regulatory interactions. The functional diversity of SMRs underscores both the varied mechanisms of oncogenic misregulation and the advantage of functionally-agnostic driver identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Araya
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Can Cenik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jason A Reuter
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gert Kiss
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Vijay S Pande
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - William J Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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43
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Overexpression of Rab25 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7713-8. [PMID: 26692100 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab25 was reported to be associated with several human cancers and malignant biological behavior of cancer cells. The goal of the present study was to determine its expression pattern and biological function in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined Rab25 protein in 92 cases of HCC tissues and 3 HCC cell lines. The results showed that Rab25 was upregulated in HCC tissues and cells compared with normal liver tissues and cell line. Rab25 overexpression correlated with advanced tumor stage and nodal metastasis. Rab25 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was employed in Bel7402 and SK-Hep-1 cell lines. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay showed that Rab25 depletion blocked cell growth rate and inhibited colony formation ability. Transwell assay showed that Rab25 depletion negatively regulated the invading ability of HCC cells. To explore the possible mechanisms, we checked several signaling pathways and found that Rab25 depletion downregulated AKT phosphorylation. In addition, luciferase reporter assay showed that Rab25 depletion inhibited the Wnt signaling pathway and its target genes such as cyclin D1, c-myc, and MMP7. In conclusion, Rab25 is overexpressed in human HCC and contributes to cancer cell proliferation and invasion possibly through regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway.
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44
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Jing X, Cheng W, Wang S, Li P, He L. Resveratrol induces cell cycle arrest in human gastric cancer MGC803 cells via the PTEN-regulated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:472-8. [PMID: 26530632 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound that is extracted from Polygonum cuspidatum and is used in traditional Chinese medicine. Previous data have shown that resveratrol inhibits the growth of human gastric cancer. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] and trypan blue assays showed that resveratrol significantly decreased the survival rate of MGC803 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Our flow cytometric analysis showed that resveratrol treatment arrested the cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, western blotting demonstrated that resveratrol decreased the protein expression of phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-GSK3β), cyclin D1, phospho-phosphatase and tensin homologue (p-PTEN), phospho-phosphatidylinositol 3'-OH kinase (p-PI3K), and phospho-protein kinase B (p-PKB/Akt). We also found that resveratrol inhibited the progression of the cell cycle in MGC803 cells by repressing p-PI3K and p-Akt expression. Meanwhile, resveratrol did not decrease the phosphorylation level of Akt when the PTEN gene expression was knocked down by an siRNA in the MGC803 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that resveratrol induced cell cycle arrest in human gastric cancer MGC803 cells by regulating the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Jing
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Shiying Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Pin Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Li He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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45
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Wang Z, Zhou Y, Hu X, Chen W, Lin X, Sun L, Xu X, Hong W, Wang T. RILP suppresses invasion of breast cancer cells by modulating the activity of RalA through interaction with RalGDS. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1923. [PMID: 26469971 PMCID: PMC4632296 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RILP (Rab7-interacting lysosomal protein) is a key regulator for late endosomal/lysosomal trafficking, and probably a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. However, the role of RILP in other cancers and the underlying mechanism for RILP in regulating the invasion of cancer cells remain to be investigated. In this study, we showed that overexpression of RILP in breast cancer cells inhibits the migration and invasion, whereas the depletion of RILP by RNAi-mediated knockdown promotes the migration and invasion. We identified RalGDS (Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator) as a novel interacting partner for RILP, and truncation analysis revealed the N-terminal region of RILP is responsible for interacting with the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domain of RalGDS. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that RalGDS can be recruited to the late endosomal compartments by RILP. Further investigations indicated that the overexpression of RILP inhibits the activity of RalA, a downstream target of RalGDS. Our data suggest that RILP suppresses the invasion of breast cancer cells by interacting with RalGDS to inhibit its GEF activity for RalA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Y Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - X Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - W Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - X Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - L Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - X Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - W Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
| | - T Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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46
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Seven D, Dogan S, Kiliç E, Karaman E, Koseoglu H, Buyru N. Downregulation of Rab25 activates Akt1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1927-1931. [PMID: 26622777 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that Ras-associated binding 25 protein (Rab25) is involved in the pathogenesis of human cancer. Although it has been demonstrated that the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the result of an accumulation of multiple sequential genetic and epigenetic alterations in key genes with important functions in cell growth and the cell cycle, recent studies have indicated that HNSCC is a complex and heterogenous disease. To the best of our knowledge, there is no data regarding the regulation of the Rab25 gene at the mRNA or protein level in HNSCC. Furthermore, available data on Rab25 expression in other types of cancer are conflicting. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Rab25 is involved in the development and/or progression of HNSCC, and to analyze the mechanisms underlying its effects in this type of cancer. The expression of Rab25 mRNA in HNSCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissue samples was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while the level of the Rab25, Akt1 and phosphorylated-Akt1 proteins was measured using western blotting. Expression of Rab25 mRNA and protein was downregulated in 69.1% and 56.1% of tumor tissue samples, respectively. This downregulation was associated with an increase in p-Akt1 expression, in the absence of a change in total Akt1 protein levels, in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. The current findings suggest that Rab25 acts as a tumor suppressor in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Seven
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Soydan Dogan
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Erkan Kiliç
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Emin Karaman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Koseoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Nur Buyru
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
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47
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Tan TZ, Miow QH, Miki Y, Noda T, Mori S, Huang RYJ, Thiery JP. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition spectrum quantification and its efficacy in deciphering survival and drug responses of cancer patients. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 6:1279-93. [PMID: 25214461 PMCID: PMC4287932 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible and dynamic process hypothesized to be co-opted by carcinoma during invasion and metastasis. Yet, there is still no quantitative measure to assess the interplay between EMT and cancer progression. Here, we derived a method for universal EMT scoring from cancer-specific transcriptomic EMT signatures of ovarian, breast, bladder, lung, colorectal and gastric cancers. We show that EMT scoring exhibits good correlation with previously published, cancer-specific EMT signatures. This universal and quantitative EMT scoring was used to establish an EMT spectrum across various cancers, with good correlation noted between cell lines and tumours. We show correlations between EMT and poorer disease-free survival in ovarian and colorectal, but not breast, carcinomas, despite previous notions. Importantly, we found distinct responses between epithelial- and mesenchymal-like ovarian cancers to therapeutic regimes administered with or without paclitaxelin vivo and demonstrated that mesenchymal-like tumours do not always show resistance to chemotherapy. EMT scoring is thus a promising, versatile tool for the objective and systematic investigation of EMT roles and dynamics in cancer progression, treatment response and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing Hao Miow
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Yoshio Miki
- Cancer Institute of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Noda
- Cancer Institute of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiichi Mori
- Cancer Institute of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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48
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Chua CEL, Tang BL. The role of the small GTPase Rab31 in cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:1-10. [PMID: 25472813 PMCID: PMC4288343 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the small GTPase family Rab are emerging as potentially important factors in cancer development and progression. A good number of Rabs have been implicated or associated with various human cancers, and much recent excitement has been associated with the roles of the Rab11 subfamily member Rab25 and its effector, the Rab coupling protein (RCP), in tumourigenesis and metastasis. In this review, we focus on a Rab5 subfamily member, Rab31, and its implicated role in cancer. Well recognized as a breast cancer marker with good prognostic value, recent findings have provided some insights as to the mechanism underlying Rab31's influence on oncogenesis. Levels of Oestrogen Receptor α (ERα)- responsive Rab31 could be elevated through stabilization of its transcript by the RNA binding protein HuR, or though activation by the oncoprotein mucin1-C (MUC1-C), which forms a transcriptional complex with ERα. Elevated Rab31 stabilizes MUC1-C levels in an auto-inductive loop that could lead to aberrant signalling and gene expression associated with cancer progression. Rab31 and its guanine nucleotide exchange factor GAPex-5 have, however, also been shown to enhance early endosome-late endosome transport and degradation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The multifaceted action and influences of Rab31 in cancer is discussed in the light of its new interacting partners and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle En Lin Chua
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Liang W, Hao Z, Han JL, Zhu DJ, Jin ZF, Xie WL. CAV-1 contributes to bladder cancer progression by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Urol Oncol 2014; 32:855-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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50
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Liu L, Ding G. Rab25 expression predicts poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1055-1058. [PMID: 25187796 PMCID: PMC4151676 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab25 has been implicated in a number of types of cancer. However, its expression status and clinical implications in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of Rab25 status in patients with ccRCC. Rab25 expression was determined by western blot analysis in 30 fresh ccRCC samples. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the ccRCC samples and paired adjacent noncancerous tissues from 107 patients with ccRCC who had undergone surgery. The prognostic role and correlations with other clinicopathological factors were evaluated. Rab25 expression was upregulated in ccRCC tissues compared with that in paired adjacent noncancerous tissues. A high expression of Rab25 protein was significantly correlated with the primary tumor stage; lymph node metastasis; distant metastasis; tumor, node and metastasis stage and histological grade. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis by log-rank test demonstrated that elevated Rab25 expression predicted lower overall survival time in patients with ccRCC. Notably, multivariate analyses revealed that expression of Rab25 was an independent prognostic factor in ccRCC (hazard ratio, 3.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–10.38; P=0.023). In conclusion, Rab25 is a potential prognostic biomarker in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunzhi Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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