1
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Orsher Y, Rom A, Perel R, Lahini Y, Blinder P, Shein-Idelson M. Sequentially activated discrete modules appear as traveling waves in neuronal measurements with limited spatiotemporal sampling. eLife 2024; 12:RP92254. [PMID: 38451063 PMCID: PMC10942589 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have identified traveling waves in the cortex and suggested they play important roles in brain processing. These waves are most often measured using macroscopic methods that are unable to assess the local spiking activity underlying wave dynamics. Here, we investigated the possibility that waves may not be traveling at the single neuron scale. We first show that sequentially activating two discrete brain areas can appear as traveling waves in EEG simulations. We next reproduce these results using an analytical model of two sequentially activated regions. Using this model, we were able to generate wave-like activity with variable directions, velocities, and spatial patterns, and to map the discriminability limits between traveling waves and modular sequential activations. Finally, we investigated the link between field potentials and single neuron excitability using large-scale measurements from turtle cortex ex vivo. We found that while field potentials exhibit wave-like dynamics, the underlying spiking activity was better described by consecutively activated spatially adjacent groups of neurons. Taken together, this study suggests caution when interpreting phase delay measurements as continuously propagating wavefronts in two different spatial scales. A careful distinction between modular and wave excitability profiles across scales will be critical for understanding the nature of cortical computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Orsher
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- School of Physics & Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Ariel Rom
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, IsraelTel AvivIsrael
| | - Rotem Perel
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Yoav Lahini
- School of Physics & Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, IsraelTel AvivIsrael
| | - Pablo Blinder
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, IsraelTel AvivIsrael
| | - Mark Shein-Idelson
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, IsraelTel AvivIsrael
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2
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Benigno GB, Budzinski RC, Davis ZW, Reynolds JH, Muller L. Waves traveling over a map of visual space can ignite short-term predictions of sensory input. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3409. [PMID: 37296131 PMCID: PMC10256723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent analyses have found waves of neural activity traveling across entire visual cortical areas in awake animals. These traveling waves modulate the excitability of local networks and perceptual sensitivity. The general computational role of these spatiotemporal patterns in the visual system, however, remains unclear. Here, we hypothesize that traveling waves endow the visual system with the capacity to predict complex and naturalistic inputs. We present a network model whose connections can be rapidly and efficiently trained to predict individual natural movies. After training, a few input frames from a movie trigger complex wave patterns that drive accurate predictions many frames into the future solely from the network's connections. When the recurrent connections that drive waves are randomly shuffled, both traveling waves and the ability to predict are eliminated. These results suggest traveling waves may play an essential computational role in the visual system by embedding continuous spatiotemporal structures over spatial maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel B Benigno
- Department of Mathematics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Western Academy for Advanced Research, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Roberto C Budzinski
- Department of Mathematics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Western Academy for Advanced Research, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Zachary W Davis
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John H Reynolds
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lyle Muller
- Department of Mathematics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Western Academy for Advanced Research, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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3
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Erazo-Toscano R, Osan R. Synaptic propagation in neuronal networks with finite-support space-dependent coupling. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:034403. [PMID: 37073055 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.034403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Traveling waves of electrical activity are ubiquitous in biological neuronal networks. Traveling waves in the brain are associated with sensory processing, phase coding, and sleep. The neuron and network parameters that determine traveling waves' evolution are the synaptic space constant, synaptic conductance, membrane time constant, and synaptic decay time constant. We used an abstract neuron model in a one-dimensional network to investigate the propagation characteristics of traveling wave activity. We formulate a set of evolution equations based on the network connectivity parameters. Using a combination of numerical and analytical approaches, we show that these traveling waves are stable to a series of perturbations with biological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Erazo-Toscano
- Neuroscience Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Remus Osan
- Neuroscience Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
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4
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Bhattacharya S, Donoghue JA, Mahnke M, Brincat SL, Brown EN, Miller EK. Propofol Anesthesia Alters Cortical Traveling Waves. J Cogn Neurosci 2022; 34:1274-1286. [PMID: 35468201 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Oscillatory dynamics in cortex seem to organize into traveling waves that serve a variety of functions. Recent studies show that propofol, a widely used anesthetic, dramatically alters cortical oscillations by increasing slow-delta oscillatory power and coherence. It is not known how this affects traveling waves. We compared traveling waves across the cortex of non-human primates before, during, and after propofol-induced loss of consciousness (LOC). After LOC, traveling waves in the slow-delta (∼1 Hz) range increased, grew more organized, and traveled in different directions relative to the awake state. Higher frequency (8-30 Hz) traveling waves, by contrast, decreased, lost structure, and switched to directions where the slow-delta waves were less frequent. The results suggest that LOC may be due, in part, to increases in the strength and direction of slow-delta traveling waves that, in turn, alter and disrupt traveling waves in the higher frequencies associated with cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Emery N Brown
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.,Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston
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5
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Baker V, Cruz L. Traveling Waves in Quasi-One-Dimensional Neuronal Minicolumns. Neural Comput 2021; 34:78-103. [PMID: 34758481 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Traveling waves of neuronal activity in the cortex have been observed in vivo. These traveling waves have been correlated to various features of observed cortical dynamics, including spike timing variability and correlated fluctuations in neuron membrane potential. Although traveling waves are typically studied as either strictly one-dimensional or two-dimensional excitations, here we investigate the conditions for the existence of quasi-one-dimensional traveling waves that could be sustainable in parts of the brain containing cortical minicolumns. For that, we explore a quasi-one-dimensional network of heterogeneous neurons with a biologically influenced computational model of neuron dynamics and connectivity. We find that background stimulus reliably evokes traveling waves in networks with local connectivity between neurons. We also observe traveling waves in fully connected networks when a model for action potential propagation speed is incorporated. The biological properties of the neurons influence the generation and propagation of the traveling waves. Our quasi-one-dimensional model is not only useful for studying the basic properties of traveling waves in neuronal networks; it also provides a simplified representation of possible wave propagation in columnar or minicolumnar networks found in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Baker
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A.
| | - Luis Cruz
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A.
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6
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Huang C. Modulation of the dynamical state in cortical network models. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 70:43-50. [PMID: 34403890 PMCID: PMC8688204 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cortical neural responses can be modulated by various factors, such as stimulus inputs and the behavior state of the animal. Understanding the circuit mechanisms underlying modulations of network dynamics is important to understand the flexibility of circuit computations. Identifying the dynamical state of a network is an important first step to predict network responses to external stimulus and top-down modulatory inputs. Models in stable or unstable dynamical regimes require different analytic tools to estimate the network responses to inputs and the structure of neural variability. In this article, I review recent cortical models of state-dependent responses and their predictions about the underlying modulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Huang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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7
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Orczyk JJ, Barczak A, Costa-Faidella J, Kajikawa Y. Cross Laminar Traveling Components of Field Potentials due to Volume Conduction of Non-Traveling Neuronal Activity in Macaque Sensory Cortices. J Neurosci 2021; 41:7578-7590. [PMID: 34321312 PMCID: PMC8425975 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3225-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Field potentials (FPs) reflect neuronal activities in the brain, and often exhibit traveling peaks across recording sites. While traveling FPs are interpreted as propagation of neuronal activity, not all studies directly reveal such propagating patterns of neuronal activation. Neuronal activity is associated with transmembrane currents that form dipoles and produce negative and positive fields. Thereby, FP components reverse polarity between those fields and have minimal amplitudes at the center of dipoles. Although their amplitudes could be smaller, FPs are never flat even around these reversals. What occurs around the reversal has not been addressed explicitly, although those are rationally in the middle of active neurons. We show that sensory FPs around the reversal appeared with peaks traveling across cortical laminae in macaque sensory cortices. Interestingly, analyses of current source density did not depict traveling patterns but lamina-delimited current sinks and sources. We simulated FPs produced by volume conduction of a simplified 2 dipoles' model mimicking sensory cortical laminar current source density components. While FPs generated by single dipoles followed the temporal patterns of the dipole moments without traveling peaks, FPs generated by concurrently active dipole moments appeared with traveling components in the vicinity of dipoles by superimposition of individually non-traveling FPs generated by single dipoles. These results indicate that not all traveling FP are generated by traveling neuronal activity, and that recording positions need to be taken into account to describe FP peak components around active neuronal populations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Field potentials (FPs) generated by neuronal activity in the brain occur with fields of opposite polarity. Likewise, in the cerebral cortices, they have mirror-imaged waveforms in upper and lower layers. We show that FPs appear like traveling across the cortical layers. Interestingly, the traveling FPs occur without traveling components of current source density, which represents transmembrane currents associated with neuronal activity. These seemingly odd findings are explained using current source density models of multiple dipoles. Concurrently active, non-traveling dipoles produce FPs as mixtures of FPs produced by individual dipoles, and result in traveling FP waveforms as the mixing ratio depends on the distances from those dipoles. The results suggest that not all traveling FP components are associated with propagating neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Orczyk
- Translational Neuroscience Division, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York 10962
| | - Annamaria Barczak
- Translational Neuroscience Division, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York 10962
| | - Jordi Costa-Faidella
- Translational Neuroscience Division, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York 10962
- Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia 08035, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia 08035, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain, Barcelona, Catalonia 08950
| | - Yoshinao Kajikawa
- Translational Neuroscience Division, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York 10962
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
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8
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Bone conducted responses in the neonatal rat auditory cortex. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16777. [PMID: 34408208 PMCID: PMC8373948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats are born deaf and start hearing at the end of the second postnatal week, when the ear canals open and low-intensity sounds start to evoke responses in the auditory cortex. Here, using μECoG electrode arrays and intracortical silicon probe recordings, we found that bone-conducted (BC) sounds evoked biphasic responses in the auditory cortex starting from postnatal day (P) 8. The initial phase of these responses, generated by thalamocortical input, was followed by intracortical propagation within supragranular layers. BC-evoked responses co-localized with the responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the cochlea and the deepest layers of the inferior colliculus prior to onset of low-threshold hearing (P13), as well as with the responses evoked by high-frequency (30 kHz) low-intensity (70 dB) air-conducted sounds after that. Thus, BC signals reach high-frequency processing regions of the auditory cortex well before the onset of low-threshold hearing, reflecting early integrity of the auditory system.
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9
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Yusuf PA, Hubka P, Tillein J, Vinck M, Kral A. Deafness Weakens Interareal Couplings in the Auditory Cortex. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:625721. [PMID: 33551733 PMCID: PMC7858676 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.625721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the cerebral cortex essentially depends on the ability to form functional assemblies across different cortical areas serving different functions. Here we investigated how developmental hearing experience affects functional and effective interareal connectivity in the auditory cortex in an animal model with years-long and complete auditory deprivation (deafness) from birth, the congenitally deaf cat (CDC). Using intracortical multielectrode arrays, neuronal activity of adult hearing controls and CDCs was registered in the primary auditory cortex and the secondary posterior auditory field (PAF). Ongoing activity as well as responses to acoustic stimulation (in adult hearing controls) and electric stimulation applied via cochlear implants (in adult hearing controls and CDCs) were analyzed. As functional connectivity measures pairwise phase consistency and Granger causality were used. While the number of coupled sites was nearly identical between controls and CDCs, a reduced coupling strength between the primary and the higher order field was found in CDCs under auditory stimulation. Such stimulus-related decoupling was particularly pronounced in the alpha band and in top–down direction. Ongoing connectivity did not show such a decoupling. These findings suggest that developmental experience is essential for functional interareal interactions during sensory processing. The outcomes demonstrate that corticocortical couplings, particularly top-down connectivity, are compromised following congenital sensory deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasandhya Astagiri Yusuf
- Department of Medical Physics/Medical Technology Core Cluster IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Department of Experimental Otology of the ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Peter Hubka
- Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Department of Experimental Otology of the ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jochen Tillein
- Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Department of Experimental Otology of the ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,MedEL Company, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Vinck
- Ernst Strüngmann Institut for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt, Germany.,Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University, Department of Neuroinformatics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Andrej Kral
- Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Department of Experimental Otology of the ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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10
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Davis ZW, Muller L, Martinez-Trujillo J, Sejnowski T, Reynolds JH. Spontaneous travelling cortical waves gate perception in behaving primates. Nature 2020; 587:432-436. [PMID: 33029013 PMCID: PMC7677221 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Perceptual sensitivity varies from moment to moment. One potential source of variability is spontaneous fluctuations in cortical activity that can travel as a wave1. Spontaneous traveling waves have been reported during anesthesia2–7, but it is not known whether spontaneous traveling waves play a role during waking perception. Using newly developed analytic techniques to characterize the moment-to-moment dynamics of noisy multielectrode data, we find spontaneous waves of activity in extrastriate visual cortex of awake, behaving marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). In monkeys trained to detect faint visual targets, the timing and position of spontaneous traveling waves, prior to target onset, predict the magnitude of target-evoked activity and the likelihood of target detection. In contrast, spatially disorganized fluctuations of neural activity are much less predictive. These results reveal an important role for spontaneous traveling waves in sensory processing through modulating neural and perceptual sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary W Davis
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Lyle Muller
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research and Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), UMR7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Julio Martinez-Trujillo
- Robarts Research and Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John H Reynolds
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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11
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Schafer Z, Haab L, Schwerdtfeger K, Takahashi K, Strauss DJ. Detection of information flow between cortical laminae activities and auditory evoked potentials in rats by means of Granger causality. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:876-879. [PMID: 33018124 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We seek to understand the relation between invasive high-resolution data and non-invasive measurement in an animal model in an auditory sensory adaptation experimental setting. In a previous study, we estimated the mutual information between the phase of auditory evoked responses (AER) with the phase of local field potentials (LFP) of auditory cortices at different frequency ranges. The results showed a consistently high level of information sharing between the AER activities as well as the responses from the granular layer, which was known as the main thalamo-recipient layer. However, mutual information was fundamentally an undirected measure of information flow. In this study we investigated how well we could characterize direction of information flow, by using Granger causality (GC), between different cortical laminae and functional projections on to the AER activities. We obtained that based on the GC coefficients, we are able to extract the connectivity between different cortical laminae to some extend and also a strong connection between the AER and granular layer. In our future study, we would like to construct a reliable picture of network connectivity, both functionally and anatomically, between different layers at more specified frequencies and much finer temporal resolutions.
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12
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Oprea L, Pack CC, Khadra A. Machine classification of spatiotemporal patterns: automated parameter search in a rebounding spiking network. Cogn Neurodyn 2020; 14:267-280. [PMID: 32399070 PMCID: PMC7203379 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-020-09568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Various patterns of electrical activities, including travelling waves, have been observed in cortical experimental data from animal models as well as humans. By applying machine learning techniques, we investigate the spatiotemporal patterns, found in a spiking neuronal network with inhibition-induced firing (rebounding). Our cortical sheet model produces a wide variety of network activities including synchrony, target waves, and travelling wavelets. Pattern formation is controlled by modifying a Gaussian derivative coupling kernel through varying the level of inhibition, coupling strength, and kernel geometry. We have designed a computationally efficient machine classifier, based on statistical, textural, and temporal features, to identify the parameter regimes associated with different spatiotemporal patterns. Our results reveal that switching between synchrony and travelling waves can occur transiently and spontaneously without a stimulus, in a noise-dependent fashion, or in the presence of stimulus when the coupling strength and level of inhibition are at moderate values. They also demonstrate that when a target wave is formed, its wave speed is most sensitive to perturbations in the coupling strength between model neurons. This study provides an automated method to characterize activities produced by a novel spiking network that phenomenologically models large scale dynamics in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Oprea
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Christopher C. Pack
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Anmar Khadra
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
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13
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Haroush N, Marom S. Inhibition increases response variability and reduces stimulus discrimination in random networks of cortical neurons. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4969. [PMID: 30899035 PMCID: PMC6428807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of what is known about the contribution of inhibition to stimulus discrimination is due to extensively studied sensory systems, which are highly structured neural circuits. The effect of inhibition on stimulus representation in less structured networks is not as clear. Here we exercise a biosynthetic approach in order to study the impacts of inhibition on stimulus representation in non-specialized network anatomy. Combining pharmacological manipulation, multisite electrical stimulation and recording from ex-vivo randomly rewired networks of cortical neurons, we quantified the effects of inhibition on response variability and stimulus discrimination at the population and single unit levels. We find that blocking inhibition quenches variability of responses evoked by repeated stimuli and enhances discrimination between stimuli that invade the network from different spatial loci. Enhanced stimulus discrimination is reserved for representation schemes that are based on temporal relation between spikes emitted in groups of neurons. Our data indicate that - under intact inhibition - the response to a given stimulus is a noisy version of the response evoked in the absence of inhibition. Spatial analysis suggests that the dispersion effect of inhibition is due to disruption of an otherwise coherent, wave-like propagation of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Haroush
- Network Biology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
| | - Shimon Marom
- Network Biology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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14
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A Novel Methodology for Simulation of EEG Traveling Waves on the Folding Surface of the Human Cerebral Cortex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01328-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
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15
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Berger C, Kühne D, Scheper V, Kral A. Congenital deafness affects deep layers in primary and secondary auditory cortex. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525. [PMID: 28643417 PMCID: PMC5599951 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Congenital deafness leads to functional deficits in the auditory cortex for which early cochlear implantation can effectively compensate. Most of these deficits have been demonstrated functionally. Furthermore, the majority of previous studies on deafness have involved the primary auditory cortex; knowledge of higher-order areas is limited to effects of cross-modal reorganization. In this study, we compared the cortical cytoarchitecture of four cortical areas in adult hearing and congenitally deaf cats (CDCs): the primary auditory field A1, two secondary auditory fields, namely the dorsal zone and second auditory field (A2); and a reference visual association field (area 7) in the same section stained either using Nissl or SMI-32 antibodies. The general cytoarchitectonic pattern and the area-specific characteristics in the auditory cortex remained unchanged in animals with congenital deafness. Whereas area 7 did not differ between the groups investigated, all auditory fields were slightly thinner in CDCs, this being caused by reduced thickness of layers IV-VI. The study documents that, while the cytoarchitectonic patterns are in general independent of sensory experience, reduced layer thickness is observed in both primary and higher-order auditory fields in layer IV and infragranular layers. The study demonstrates differences in effects of congenital deafness between supragranular and other cortical layers, but similar dystrophic effects in all investigated auditory fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Berger
- Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology & Department of Experimental OtologyENT Clinics, School of Medicine, Hannover Medical UniversityHannoverGermany
| | - Daniela Kühne
- Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology & Department of Experimental OtologyENT Clinics, School of Medicine, Hannover Medical UniversityHannoverGermany
| | - Verena Scheper
- Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology & Department of Experimental OtologyENT Clinics, School of Medicine, Hannover Medical UniversityHannoverGermany
| | - Andrej Kral
- Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology & Department of Experimental OtologyENT Clinics, School of Medicine, Hannover Medical UniversityHannoverGermany
- School of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of TexasDallasUSA
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16
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Excitatory effects of the primary auditory cortex on the sound-evoked responses in the ipsilateral anterior auditory field in rat. Neuroscience 2017; 361:157-166. [PMID: 28827180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the neocortex, interaction and cooperation between different areas are important for information processing, which also applies to different areas within one sensory modality. In the temporal cortex of rodents and cats, both the primary auditory cortex (A1) and the anterior auditory field (AAF) have tonotopicity but with a mirrored frequency gradient. However, whether and how A1 modulates the responses in AAF is largely unknown. Here, we functionally identified the locations of A1 and AAF in rats and used an optogenetic approach to manipulate the activity of A1 in vivo. We found that activation of A1 axon terminals in AAF did not change AAF responses, but activating A1 neuronal cell bodies could increase the sound-evoked responses in AAF, as well as decrease the intensity threshold and broaden the frequency bandwidth, while suppressing A1 could cause the opposite effects. Our results suggested that A1 could modulate the general excitability of AAF through indirect pathways, which provides a potential relationship between these two parallel auditory ascending pathways.
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17
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Kaminska A, Delattre V, Laschet J, Dubois J, Labidurie M, Duval A, Manresa A, Magny JF, Hovhannisyan S, Mokhtari M, Ouss L, Boissel A, Hertz-Pannier L, Sintsov M, Minlebaev M, Khazipov R, Chiron C. Cortical Auditory-Evoked Responses in Preterm Neonates: Revisited by Spectral and Temporal Analyses. Cereb Cortex 2017; 28:3429-3444. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Kaminska
- INSERM U1129, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- CEA, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, AP-HP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - V Delattre
- INSERM U1129, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- CEA, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Neurospin, UNIACT, CEA, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - J Laschet
- INSERM U1129, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- CEA, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - J Dubois
- INSERM U992, CEA/DRF/I2BM/Neurospin/UNICOG, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Labidurie
- INSERM U1129, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- CEA, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - A Duval
- INSERM U1129, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- CEA, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Neurospin, UNIACT, CEA, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - A Manresa
- Laboratory of Psychology and Neurosciences (LPN) (EA 47000), Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - J -F Magny
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - S Hovhannisyan
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - M Mokhtari
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Bicetre Hospital, Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - L Ouss
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, AP-HP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - A Boissel
- Laboratory of Psychology and Neurosciences (LPN) (EA 47000), Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - L Hertz-Pannier
- INSERM U1129, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- CEA, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Neurospin, UNIACT, CEA, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M Sintsov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - M Minlebaev
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- INSERM U901/ INMED, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - R Khazipov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- INSERM U901/ INMED, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - C Chiron
- INSERM U1129, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- CEA, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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18
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Kaiju T, Doi K, Yokota M, Watanabe K, Inoue M, Ando H, Takahashi K, Yoshida F, Hirata M, Suzuki T. High Spatiotemporal Resolution ECoG Recording of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials with Flexible Micro-Electrode Arrays. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:20. [PMID: 28442997 PMCID: PMC5386975 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocorticogram (ECoG) has great potential as a source signal, especially for clinical BMI. Until recently, ECoG electrodes were commonly used for identifying epileptogenic foci in clinical situations, and such electrodes were low-density and large. Increasing the number and density of recording channels could enable the collection of richer motor/sensory information, and may enhance the precision of decoding and increase opportunities for controlling external devices. Several reports have aimed to increase the number and density of channels. However, few studies have discussed the actual validity of high-density ECoG arrays. In this study, we developed novel high-density flexible ECoG arrays and conducted decoding analyses with monkey somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). Using MEMS technology, we made 96-channel Parylene electrode arrays with an inter-electrode distance of 700 μm and recording site area of 350 μm2. The arrays were mainly placed onto the finger representation area in the somatosensory cortex of the macaque, and partially inserted into the central sulcus. With electrical finger stimulation, we successfully recorded and visualized finger SEPs with a high spatiotemporal resolution. We conducted offline analyses in which the stimulated fingers and intensity were predicted from recorded SEPs using a support vector machine. We obtained the following results: (1) Very high accuracy (~98%) was achieved with just a short segment of data (~15 ms from stimulus onset). (2) High accuracy (~96%) was achieved even when only a single channel was used. This result indicated placement optimality for decoding. (3) Higher channel counts generally improved prediction accuracy, but the efficacy was small for predictions with feature vectors that included time-series information. These results suggest that ECoG signals with high spatiotemporal resolution could enable greater decoding precision or external device control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kaiju
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Doi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Yokota
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Kei Watanabe
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Masato Inoue
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Takahashi
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of ChicagoChicago, IL, USA
| | - Fumiaki Yoshida
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan.,Endowed Research Department of Clinical Neuroengineering, Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hirata
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan.,Endowed Research Department of Clinical Neuroengineering, Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suzuki
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
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Hindriks R, Arsiwalla XD, Panagiotaropoulos T, Besserve M, Verschure PFMJ, Logothetis NK, Deco G. Discrepancies between Multi-Electrode LFP and CSD Phase-Patterns: A Forward Modeling Study. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:51. [PMID: 27471451 PMCID: PMC4945652 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-electrode recordings of local field potentials (LFPs) provide the opportunity to investigate the spatiotemporal organization of neural activity on the scale of several millimeters. In particular, the phases of oscillatory LFPs allow studying the coordination of neural oscillations in time and space and to tie it to cognitive processing. Given the computational roles of LFP phases, it is important to know how they relate to the phases of the underlying current source densities (CSDs) that generate them. Although CSDs and LFPs are distinct physical quantities, they are often (implicitly) identified when interpreting experimental observations. That this identification is problematic is clear from the fact that LFP phases change when switching to different electrode montages, while the underlying CSD phases remain unchanged. In this study we use a volume-conductor model to characterize discrepancies between LFP and CSD phase-patterns, to identify the contributing factors, and to assess the effect of different electrode montages. Although we focus on cortical LFPs recorded with two-dimensional (Utah) arrays, our findings are also relevant for other electrode configurations. We found that the main factors that determine the discrepancy between CSD and LFP phase-patterns are the frequency of the neural oscillations and the extent to which the laminar CSD profile is balanced. Furthermore, the presence of laminar phase-differences in cortical oscillations, as commonly observed in experiments, precludes identifying LFP phases with those of the CSD oscillations at a given cortical depth. This observation potentially complicates the interpretation of spike-LFP coherence and spike-triggered LFP averages. With respect to reference strategies, we found that the average-reference montage leads to larger discrepancies between LFP and CSD phases as compared with the referential montage, while the Laplacian montage reduces these discrepancies. We therefore advice to conduct analysis of two-dimensional LFP recordings using the Laplacian montage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikkert Hindriks
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information, Center for Brain and Cognition Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xerxes D Arsiwalla
- Synthetic Perceptive Emotive and Cognitive Systems Lab, Center of Autonomous Systems and Neurorobotics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain
| | - Theofanis Panagiotaropoulos
- Department Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTubingen, Germany; Centre for Systems Neuroscience, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceLondon, UK
| | - Michel Besserve
- Department Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tubingen, Germany
| | - Paul F M J Verschure
- Synthetic Perceptive Emotive and Cognitive Systems Lab, Center of Autonomous Systems and Neurorobotics, Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelona, Spain; Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelona, Spain
| | - Nikos K Logothetis
- Department Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tubingen, Germany
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information, Center for Brain and CognitionBarcelona, Spain; Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelona, Spain
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20
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Zhang J, Osan R. Analytically tractable studies of traveling waves of activity in integrate-and-fire neural networks. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:052228. [PMID: 27300901 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.052228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to other large-scale network models for propagation of electrical activity in neural tissue that have no analytical solutions for their dynamics, we show that for a specific class of integrate and fire neural networks the acceleration depends quadratically on the instantaneous speed of the activity propagation. We use this property to analytically compute the network spike dynamics and to highlight the emergence of a natural time scale for the evolution of the traveling waves. These results allow us to examine other applications of this model such as the effect that a nonconductive gap of tissue has on further activity propagation. Furthermore we show that activity propagation also depends on local conditions for other more general connectivity functions, by converting the evolution equations for network dynamics into a low-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations. This approach greatly enhances our intuition into the mechanisms of the traveling waves evolution and significantly reduces the simulation time for this class of models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Remus Osan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30093, USA
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21
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Thwaites A, Nimmo-Smith I, Fonteneau E, Patterson RD, Buttery P, Marslen-Wilson WD. Tracking cortical entrainment in neural activity: auditory processes in human temporal cortex. Front Comput Neurosci 2015; 9:5. [PMID: 25713530 PMCID: PMC4322714 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2015.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary objective for cognitive neuroscience is to identify how features of the sensory environment are encoded in neural activity. Current auditory models of loudness perception can be used to make detailed predictions about the neural activity of the cortex as an individual listens to speech. We used two such models (loudness-sones and loudness-phons), varying in their psychophysiological realism, to predict the instantaneous loudness contours produced by 480 isolated words. These two sets of 480 contours were used to search for electrophysiological evidence of loudness processing in whole-brain recordings of electro- and magneto-encephalographic (EMEG) activity, recorded while subjects listened to the words. The technique identified a bilateral sequence of loudness processes, predicted by the more realistic loudness-sones model, that begin in auditory cortex at ~80 ms and subsequently reappear, tracking progressively down the superior temporal sulcus (STS) at lags from 230 to 330 ms. The technique was then extended to search for regions sensitive to the fundamental frequency (F0) of the voiced parts of the speech. It identified a bilateral F0 process in auditory cortex at a lag of ~90 ms, which was not followed by activity in STS. The results suggest that loudness information is being used to guide the analysis of the speech stream as it proceeds beyond auditory cortex down STS toward the temporal pole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Thwaites
- Neurolex Group, Department of Psychology, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences UnitCambridge, UK
| | | | - Elisabeth Fonteneau
- Neurolex Group, Department of Psychology, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences UnitCambridge, UK
| | - Roy D. Patterson
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for the Neural Basis of Hearing, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Paula Buttery
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - William D. Marslen-Wilson
- Neurolex Group, Department of Psychology, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences UnitCambridge, UK
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22
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Subramaniyam NP, Hyttinen J, Hatsopoulos NG, Ross CF, Takahashi K. Recurrence network analysis of multiple local field potential bands from the orofacial portion of primary motor cortex. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2015:5343-6. [PMID: 26737498 PMCID: PMC5204308 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Local field potentials (LFPs), which have been considered as aggregate signals that reflect activities of a large number of neurons in the cerebral cortex, have been observed to mediate gross functional activities of a relatively small volume of the brain tissues. Historically there have been several frequency bands observed and defined across various brain areas. However, detailed analysis, either spectral analysis or any dynamical analysis of LFPs particularly in the orofacial part of the primary motor cortex (MIo) has not been done before. Here, we recorded LFPs from MIo using an electrode array from a non-human primate during feeding behavior. Then we performed spectral analysis during the whole feeding sequences and to characterize temporal evolution of spectrum around the time of swallow cycles. The spectrogram over the β range showed dynamical change in its power around the swallow cycle onsets. We then characterized dynamical behaviors of LFPs over multiple bands, α, β, low γ, and high γ using two measures from the recurrence network (RN) method, network transitivity, T and average path length L. Temporal profile of T in α and β indicated that there was a sudden change in the dynamical properties around the swallow cycle onsets, while temporal profile of L indicated that a range of -200 to -150 ms and 200 ms to the swallow cycle onsets exhibited large changes both in α and β ranges. Therefore, to further understand the involvement of cortical oscillation to behavior, particularly swallowing, the combination of traditional spectral methods and various dynamical methods such as RN method would be essential.
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23
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Ohl FW. Role of cortical neurodynamics for understanding the neural basis of motivated behavior - lessons from auditory category learning. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014; 31:88-94. [PMID: 25241212 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rhythmic activity appears in the auditory cortex in both microscopic and macroscopic observables and is modulated by both bottom-up and top-down processes. How this activity serves both types of processes is largely unknown. Here we review studies that have recently improved our understanding of potential functional roles of large-scale global dynamic activity patterns in auditory cortex. The experimental paradigm of auditory category learning allowed critical testing of the hypothesis that global auditory cortical activity states are associated with endogenous cognitive states mediating the meaning associated with an acoustic stimulus rather than with activity states that merely represent the stimulus for further processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W Ohl
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Department of Systems Physiology of Learning, Brenneckestr. 6, D-39118 Magdeburg, Germany.
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24
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Scale-invariant neuronal avalanche dynamics and the cut-off in size distributions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99761. [PMID: 24927158 PMCID: PMC4057403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of cortical dynamics strongly benefits from the simultaneous recording of as many neurons as possible. Yet current technologies provide only incomplete access to the mammalian cortex from which adequate conclusions about dynamics need to be derived. Here, we identify constraints introduced by sub-sampling with a limited number of electrodes, i.e. spatial 'windowing', for well-characterized critical dynamics-neuronal avalanches. The local field potential (LFP) was recorded from premotor and prefrontal cortices in two awake macaque monkeys during rest using chronically implanted 96-microelectrode arrays. Negative deflections in the LFP (nLFP) were identified on the full as well as compact sub-regions of the array quantified by the number of electrodes N (10-95), i.e., the window size. Spatiotemporal nLFP clusters organized as neuronal avalanches, i.e., the probability in cluster size, p(s), invariably followed a power law with exponent -1.5 up to N, beyond which p(s) declined more steeply producing a 'cut-off' that varied with N and the LFP filter parameters. Clusters of size s≤N consisted mainly of nLFPs from unique, non-repeated cortical sites, emerged from local propagation between nearby sites, and carried spatial information about cluster organization. In contrast, clusters of size s>N were dominated by repeated site activations and carried little spatial information, reflecting greatly distorted sampling conditions. Our findings were confirmed in a neuron-electrode network model. Thus, avalanche analysis needs to be constrained to the size of the observation window to reveal the underlying scale-invariant organization produced by locally unfolding, predominantly feed-forward neuronal cascades.
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25
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Escabí MA, Read HL, Viventi J, Kim DH, Higgins NC, Storace DA, Liu ASK, Gifford AM, Burke JF, Campisi M, Kim YS, Avrin AE, Spiegel Jan VD, Huang Y, Li M, Wu J, Rogers JA, Litt B, Cohen YE. A high-density, high-channel count, multiplexed μECoG array for auditory-cortex recordings. J Neurophysiol 2014; 112:1566-83. [PMID: 24920021 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00179.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the large-scale population dynamics of neural activity is limited, in part, by our inability to record simultaneously from large regions of the cortex. Here, we validated the use of a large-scale active microelectrode array that simultaneously records 196 multiplexed micro-electrocortigraphical (μECoG) signals from the cortical surface at a very high density (1,600 electrodes/cm(2)). We compared μECoG measurements in auditory cortex using a custom "active" electrode array to those recorded using a conventional "passive" μECoG array. Both of these array responses were also compared with data recorded via intrinsic optical imaging, which is a standard methodology for recording sound-evoked cortical activity. Custom active μECoG arrays generated more veridical representations of the tonotopic organization of the auditory cortex than current commercially available passive μECoG arrays. Furthermore, the cortical representation could be measured efficiently with the active arrays, requiring as little as 13.5 s of neural data acquisition. Next, we generated spectrotemporal receptive fields from the recorded neural activity on the active μECoG array and identified functional organizational principles comparable to those observed using intrinsic metabolic imaging and single-neuron recordings. This new electrode array technology has the potential for large-scale, temporally precise monitoring and mapping of the cortex, without the use of invasive penetrating electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monty A Escabí
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Heather L Read
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Jonathan Viventi
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research of Institute for Basic Science, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathan C Higgins
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Douglas A Storace
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Andrew S K Liu
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam M Gifford
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John F Burke
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Campisi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Yun-Soung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Andrew E Avrin
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Van der Spiegel Jan
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Brian Litt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yale E Cohen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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26
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27
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Kral A. Auditory critical periods: A review from system’s perspective. Neuroscience 2013; 247:117-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Wanger T, Takagaki K, Lippert MT, Goldschmidt J, Ohl FW. Wave propagation of cortical population activity under urethane anesthesia is state dependent. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:78. [PMID: 23902414 PMCID: PMC3733618 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propagating waves of excitation have been observed extensively in the neocortex, during both spontaneous and sensory-evoked activity, and they play a critical role in spatially organizing information processing. However, the state-dependence of these spatiotemporal propagation patterns is largely unexplored. In this report, we use voltage-sensitive dye imaging in the rat visual cortex to study the propagation of spontaneous population activity in two discrete cortical states induced by urethane anesthesia. RESULTS While laminar current source density patterns of spontaneous population events in these two states indicate a considerable degree of similarity in laminar networks, lateral propagation in the more active desynchronized state is approximately 20% faster than in the slower synchronized state. Furthermore, trajectories of wave propagation exhibit a strong anisotropy, but the preferred direction is different depending on cortical state. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that horizontal wave propagation of spontaneous neural activity is largely dependent on the global activity states of local cortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wanger
- Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
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29
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Profant O, Burianová J, Syka J. The response properties of neurons in different fields of the auditory cortex in the rat. Hear Res 2013; 296:51-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Kral A, Hubka P, Heid S, Tillein J. Single-sided deafness leads to unilateral aural preference within an early sensitive period. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 136:180-93. [PMID: 23233722 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Unilateral deafness has a high incidence in children. In addition to children who are born without hearing in one ear, children with bilateral deafness are frequently equipped only with one cochlear implant, leaving the other ear deaf. The present study investigates the effects of such single-sided deafness during development in the congenitally deaf cat. The investigated animals were either born with unilateral deafness or received a cochlear implant in one ear and were subjected to chronic monaural stimulation. In chronically stimulated animals, implantation ages were at the following three critical developmental points: 'early' during the peak of functional cortical synaptogenesis in deaf animals; 'intermediate' at the age when synaptic activity in the deaf cats dropped to the level of hearing control cats and finally, 'late' at the age when the evoked synaptic activity fell below the level of hearing control cats. After periods of unilateral hearing, local field potentials were recorded from the cortical surface using a microelectrode at ∼100 recording positions. Stimulation was with cochlear implants at both ears. The measures evaluated were dependent only on the symmetry of aural input: paired differences of onset latencies and paired relations of peak amplitudes of local field potentials. A massive reorganization of aural preference in favour of the hearing ear was found in these measures if the onset of unilateral hearing was early (before or around the peak of functional synaptogenesis). The effect was reduced if onset of unilateral hearing was in the intermediate period, and it disappeared if the onset was late. In early onset of unilateral deafness, the used ear became functionally dominant with respect to local field potential onset latency and amplitude. This explains the inferior outcome of implantations at the second-implanted ear compared with first-implanted ear in children. However, despite a central disadvantage for the deaf ear, it still remained capable of activating the auditory cortex. Appropriate training may thus help to improve the performance at the second-implanted ear. In conclusion, periods of monaural stimulation should be kept as short as possible, and training focused on the deaf ear should be introduced after delayed second implantation in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Kral
- Institute of Audioneurotechnology, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 35, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
Electrode recordings and imaging studies have revealed that localized visual stimuli elicit waves of activity that travel across primary visual cortex. Traveling waves are present also during spontaneous activity, but they can be greatly reduced by widespread and intensive visual stimulation. In this Review, we summarize the evidence in favor of these traveling waves. We suggest that their substrate may lie in long-range horizontal connections and that their functional role may involve the integration of information over large regions of space.
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Carrasco A, Lomber SG. Neuronal activation times to simple, complex, and natural sounds in cat primary and nonprimary auditory cortex. J Neurophysiol 2011; 106:1166-78. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00940.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between living organisms and the environment are commonly regulated by accurate and timely processing of sensory signals. Hence, behavioral response engagement by an organism is typically constrained by the arrival time of sensory information to the brain. While psychophysical response latencies to acoustic information have been investigated, little is known about how variations in neuronal response time relate to sensory signal characteristics. Consequently, the primary objective of the present investigation was to determine the pattern of neuronal activation induced by simple (pure tones), complex (noise bursts and frequency modulated sweeps), and natural (conspecific vocalizations) acoustic signals of different durations in cat auditory cortex. Our analysis revealed three major cortical response characteristics. First, latency measures systematically increase in an antero-dorsal to postero-ventral direction among regions of auditory cortex. Second, complex acoustic stimuli reliably provoke faster neuronal response engagement than simple stimuli. Third, variations in neuronal response time induced by changes in stimulus duration are dependent on acoustic spectral features. Collectively, these results demonstrate that acoustic signals, regardless of complexity, induce a directional pattern of activation in auditory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Carrasco
- Centre for Brain and Mind, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and Cerebral Systems Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen G. Lomber
- Centre for Brain and Mind, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and Cerebral Systems Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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