1
|
Jacques C, Jonas J, Colnat-Coulbois S, Maillard L, Rossion B. Low and high frequency intracranial neural signals match in the human associative cortex. eLife 2022; 11:76544. [PMID: 36074548 PMCID: PMC9457683 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo intracranial recordings of neural activity offer a unique opportunity to understand human brain function. Intracranial electrophysiological (iEEG) activity related to sensory, cognitive or motor events manifests mostly in two types of signals: event-related local field potentials in lower frequency bands (<30 Hz, LF) and broadband activity in the higher end of the frequency spectrum (>30 Hz, High frequency, HF). While most current studies rely exclusively on HF, thought to be more focal and closely related to spiking activity, the relationship between HF and LF signals is unclear, especially in human associative cortex. Here, we provide a large-scale in-depth investigation of the spatial and functional relationship between these 2 signals based on intracranial recordings from 121 individual brains (8000 recording sites). We measure category-selective responses to complex ecologically salient visual stimuli - human faces - across a wide cortical territory in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex (VOTC), with a frequency-tagging method providing high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the same objective quantification of signal and noise for the two frequency ranges. While LF face-selective activity has higher SNR across the VOTC, leading to a larger number of significant electrode contacts especially in the anterior temporal lobe, LF and HF display highly similar spatial, functional, and timing properties. Specifically, and contrary to a widespread assumption, our results point to nearly identical spatial distribution and local spatial extent of LF and HF activity at equal SNR. These observations go a long way towards clarifying the relationship between the two main iEEG signals and reestablish the informative value of LF iEEG to understand human brain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Jacques
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, France.,Psychological Sciences Research Institute (IPSY), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jacques Jonas
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, Nancy, France
| | | | - Louis Maillard
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, Nancy, France
| | - Bruno Rossion
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Harris AM. Distinct Patterns of P1 and C2 VEP Potentiation and Attenuation in Visual Snow: A Case Report. Front Neurol 2021; 12:723677. [PMID: 34867714 PMCID: PMC8637848 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.723677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual snow syndrome, characterized by persistent flickering dots throughout the visual field, has been hypothesized to arise from abnormal neuronal responsiveness in visual processing regions. Previous research has reported a lack of typical VEP habituation to repeated stimulus presentation in patients with visual snow. Yet these studies generally used pattern-reversal paradigms, which are suboptimal for measuring cortical responses to the onset of foveal stimulation. Instead, these responses are better indexed by the C2, a pattern-onset VEP peaking 100–120 ms after stimulus onset. In this case study, we analyzed the C2 and its adaptation profile in data previously collected from a single patient with visual snow using a “double-pulse” presentation paradigm. In controls, shorter intervals between stimulus pairs were associated with greater attenuation of the C2 VEP, with recovery from adaptation at longer stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). However, the visual snow patient showed the opposite pattern, with reduced C2 amplitude at longer SOAs despite distinct C2 peaks at the shortest SOAs. These results stand in contrast not only to the pattern of C2 VEP attenuation in controls, but also to a lack of adaptation previously reported for the pattern-onset P1 VEP in this patient. Exploratory source localization using equivalent current dipole fitting further suggested that P1 and C2 VEPs in the visual snow patient arose from distinct sources in extrastriate visual cortex. While preliminary, these results support differential patterns of VEP attenuation and potentiation within the same individual, potentially pointing toward multiple mechanisms of abnormal neuronal responsiveness in visual snow syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Harris
- Department of Psychological Science, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saxena N, Muthukumaraswamy SD, Richmond L, Babic A, Singh KD, Hall JE, Wise RG, Shaw AD. A comparison of GABA-ergic (propofol) and non-GABA-ergic (dexmedetomidine) sedation on visual and motor cortical oscillations, using magnetoencephalography. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118659. [PMID: 34767940 PMCID: PMC9227747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying changes in cortical oscillations can help elucidate the mechanistic link between receptor physiology and the clinical effects of anaesthetic drugs. Propofol, a GABA-ergic drug produces divergent effects on visual cortical activity: increasing induced gamma-band responses (GBR) while decreasing evoked responses. Dexmedetomidine, an α2- adrenergic agonist, differs from GABA-ergic sedatives both mechanistically and clinically as it allows easy arousability from deep sedation with less cognitive side-effects. Here we use magnetoencephalography (MEG) to characterize and compare the effects of GABA-ergic (propofol) and non-GABA-ergic (dexmedetomidine) sedation, on visual and motor cortical oscillations. Sixteen male participants received target-controlled infusions of propofol and dexmedetomidine, producing mild-sedation, in a placebo-controlled, cross-over study. MEG data was collected during a combined visuomotor task. The key findings were that propofol significantly enhanced visual stimulus induced GBR (44% increase in amplitude) while dexmedetomidine decreased it (40%). Propofol also decreased the amplitudes of the Mv100 (visual M100) (27%) and Mv150 (52%) visual evoked fields (VEF), whilst dexmedetomidine had no effect on these. During the motor task, neither drug had any significant effect on movement related gamma synchrony (MRGS), movement related beta de-synchronisation (MRBD) or Mm100 (movement-related M100) movement-related evoked fields (MEF), although dexmedetomidine slowed the Mm300. Dexmedetomidine increased (92%) post-movement beta synchronisation/rebound (PMBR) power while propofol reduced it (70%, statistically non- significant). Overall, dexmedetomidine and propofol, at equi-sedative doses, produce contrasting effects on visual induced GBR, VEF, PMBR and MEF. These findings provide a mechanistic link between the known receptor physiology of these sedative drugs with their known clinical effects and may be used to explore mechanisms of other anaesthetic drugs on human consciousness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Saxena
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom; Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Llantrisant CF72 8XR, United Kingdom.
| | - Suresh D Muthukumaraswamy
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland University, Auckland 1123, New Zealand; School of Psychology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland University, Auckland 1123, New Zealand
| | - Lewys Richmond
- Department of Anaesthetics, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, SA6 6NL, United Kingdom
| | - Adele Babic
- Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, NP20 2UB, United Kingdom
| | - Krish D Singh
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Judith E Hall
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "G. D'Annunzio University" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio University" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alexander D Shaw
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bartoli E, Conner CR, Kadipasaoglu CM, Yellapantula S, Rollo MJ, Carter CS, Tandon N. Temporal Dynamics of Human Frontal and Cingulate Neural Activity During Conflict and Cognitive Control. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:3842-3856. [PMID: 29028974 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control refers to the ability to produce flexible, goal-oriented behavior in the face of changing task demands and conflicting response tendencies. A classic cognitive control experiment is the Stroop-color naming task, which requires participants to name the color in which a word is written while inhibiting the tendency to read the word. By comparing stimuli with conflicting word-color associations to congruent ones, control processes over response tendencies can be isolated. We assessed the spatial specificity and temporal dynamics in the theta and gamma bands for regions engaged in detecting and resolving conflict in a cohort of 13 patients using a combination of high-resolution surface and depth recordings. We show that cognitive control manifests as a sustained increase in gamma band power, which correlates with response time. Conflict elicits a sustained gamma power increase but a transient theta power increase, specifically localized to the left cingulate sulcus and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Additionally, activity in DLPFC is affected by trial-by-trial modulation of cognitive control (the Gratton effect). Altogether, the sustained local neural activity in dorsolateral and medial regions is what determines the timing of the correct response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Bartoli
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher R Conner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cihan M Kadipasaoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sudha Yellapantula
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J Rollo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cameron S Carter
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Madhavan R, Bansal AK, Madsen JR, Golby AJ, Tierney TS, Eskandar EN, Anderson WS, Kreiman G. Neural Interactions Underlying Visuomotor Associations in the Human Brain. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:4551-4567. [PMID: 30590542 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and flexible learning during behavioral choices is critical to our daily endeavors and constitutes a hallmark of dynamic reasoning. An important paradigm to examine flexible behavior involves learning new arbitrary associations mapping visual inputs to motor outputs. We conjectured that visuomotor rules are instantiated by translating visual signals into actions through dynamic interactions between visual, frontal and motor cortex. We evaluated the neural representation of such visuomotor rules by performing intracranial field potential recordings in epilepsy subjects during a rule-learning delayed match-to-behavior task. Learning new visuomotor mappings led to the emergence of specific responses associating visual signals with motor outputs in 3 anatomical clusters in frontal, anteroventral temporal and posterior parietal cortex. After learning, mapping selective signals during the delay period showed interactions with visual and motor signals. These observations provide initial steps towards elucidating the dynamic circuits underlying flexible behavior and how communication between subregions of frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex leads to rapid learning of task-relevant choices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Madhavan
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, US
| | - Arjun K Bansal
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, US.,Current affiliation: Nervana Systems, Inc., 12220 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA, US
| | - Joseph R Madsen
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, US
| | - Alexandra J Golby
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, US
| | - Travis S Tierney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, US
| | - Emad N Eskandar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, US
| | - William S Anderson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Medical School, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Gabriel Kreiman
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, US.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, US
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
van Es MWJ, Schoffelen JM. Stimulus-induced gamma power predicts the amplitude of the subsequent visual evoked response. Neuroimage 2018; 186:703-712. [PMID: 30468771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of neuronal information transfer in activated brain networks may affect behavioral performance. Gamma-band synchronization has been proposed to be a mechanism that facilitates neuronal processing of behaviorally relevant stimuli. In line with this, it has been shown that strong gamma-band activity in visual cortical areas leads to faster responses to a visual go cue. We investigated whether there are directly observable consequences of trial-by-trial fluctuations in non-invasively observed gamma-band activity on the neuronal response. Specifically, we hypothesized that the amplitude of the visual evoked response to a go cue can be predicted by gamma power in the visual system, in the window preceding the evoked response. Thirty-three human subjects (22 female) performed a visual speeded response task while their magnetoencephalogram (MEG) was recorded. The participants had to respond to a pattern reversal of a concentric moving grating. We estimated single trial stimulus-induced visual cortical gamma power, and correlated this with the estimated single trial amplitude of the most prominent event-related field (ERF) peak within the first 100 ms after the pattern reversal. In parieto-occipital cortical areas, the amplitude of the ERF correlated positively with gamma power, and correlated negatively with reaction times. No effects were observed for the alpha and beta frequency bands, despite clear stimulus onset induced modulation at those frequencies. These results support a mechanistic model, in which gamma-band synchronization enhances the neuronal gain to relevant visual input, thus leading to more efficient downstream processing and to faster responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mats W J van Es
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
| | - Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luna S, Lai D, Harris A. Antagonistic Relationship Between VEP Potentiation and Gamma Power in Visual Snow Syndrome. Headache 2017; 58:138-144. [DOI: 10.1111/head.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Luna
- Department of Neuroscience; W.M. Keck Science Department; Claremont CA USA
| | - Daniel Lai
- Department of Neuroscience; W.M. Keck Science Department; Claremont CA USA
| | - Alison Harris
- Department of Neuroscience; W.M. Keck Science Department; Claremont CA USA
- Department of Psychology; Claremont McKenna College; Claremont CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Isik L, Singer J, Madsen JR, Kanwisher N, Kreiman G. What is changing when: Decoding visual information in movies from human intracranial recordings. Neuroimage 2017; 180:147-159. [PMID: 28823828 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of visual recognition studies have focused on the neural responses to repeated presentations of static stimuli with abrupt and well-defined onset and offset times. In contrast, natural vision involves unique renderings of visual inputs that are continuously changing without explicitly defined temporal transitions. Here we considered commercial movies as a coarse proxy to natural vision. We recorded intracranial field potential signals from 1,284 electrodes implanted in 15 patients with epilepsy while the subjects passively viewed commercial movies. We could rapidly detect large changes in the visual inputs within approximately 100 ms of their occurrence, using exclusively field potential signals from ventral visual cortical areas including the inferior temporal gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus. Furthermore, we could decode the content of those visual changes even in a single movie presentation, generalizing across the wide range of transformations present in a movie. These results present a methodological framework for studying cognition during dynamic and natural vision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Isik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| | - Jedediah Singer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joseph R Madsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nancy Kanwisher
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Gabriel Kreiman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Peters MAK, Thesen T, Ko YD, Maniscalco B, Carlson C, Davidson M, Doyle W, Kuzniecky R, Devinsky O, Halgren E, Lau H. Perceptual confidence neglects decision-incongruent evidence in the brain. Nat Hum Behav 2017; 1:0139. [PMID: 29130070 PMCID: PMC5675133 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-017-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. K. Peters
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas Thesen
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, St. George’s University, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Yoshiaki D. Ko
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brian Maniscalco
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chad Carlson
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matt Davidson
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Werner Doyle
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruben Kuzniecky
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eric Halgren
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hakwan Lau
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kadipasaoglu CM, Conner CR, Whaley ML, Baboyan VG, Tandon N. Category-Selectivity in Human Visual Cortex Follows Cortical Topology: A Grouped icEEG Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157109. [PMID: 27272936 PMCID: PMC4896492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies suggest that category-selective regions in higher-order visual cortex are topologically organized around specific anatomical landmarks: the mid-fusiform sulcus (MFS) in the ventral temporal cortex (VTC) and lateral occipital sulcus (LOS) in the lateral occipital cortex (LOC). To derive precise structure-function maps from direct neural signals, we collected intracranial EEG (icEEG) recordings in a large human cohort (n = 26) undergoing implantation of subdural electrodes. A surface-based approach to grouped icEEG analysis was used to overcome challenges from sparse electrode coverage within subjects and variable cortical anatomy across subjects. The topology of category-selectivity in bilateral VTC and LOC was assessed for five classes of visual stimuli-faces, animate non-face (animals/body-parts), places, tools, and words-using correlational and linear mixed effects analyses. In the LOC, selectivity for living (faces and animate non-face) and non-living (places and tools) classes was arranged in a ventral-to-dorsal axis along the LOS. In the VTC, selectivity for living and non-living stimuli was arranged in a latero-medial axis along the MFS. Written word-selectivity was reliably localized to the intersection of the left MFS and the occipito-temporal sulcus. These findings provide direct electrophysiological evidence for topological information structuring of functional representations within higher-order visual cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Mehmet Kadipasaoglu
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Christopher Richard Conner
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Meagan Lee Whaley
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Vatche George Baboyan
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miller KJ, Schalk G, Hermes D, Ojemann JG, Rao RPN. Spontaneous Decoding of the Timing and Content of Human Object Perception from Cortical Surface Recordings Reveals Complementary Information in the Event-Related Potential and Broadband Spectral Change. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004660. [PMID: 26820899 PMCID: PMC4731148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between object perception and neural activity in visual cortical areas is a problem of fundamental importance in neuroscience. Here we show that electrical potentials from the ventral temporal cortical surface in humans contain sufficient information for spontaneous and near-instantaneous identification of a subject's perceptual state. Electrocorticographic (ECoG) arrays were placed on the subtemporal cortical surface of seven epilepsy patients. Grayscale images of faces and houses were displayed rapidly in random sequence. We developed a template projection approach to decode the continuous ECoG data stream spontaneously, predicting the occurrence, timing and type of visual stimulus. In this setting, we evaluated the independent and joint use of two well-studied features of brain signals, broadband changes in the frequency power spectrum of the potential and deflections in the raw potential trace (event-related potential; ERP). Our ability to predict both the timing of stimulus onset and the type of image was best when we used a combination of both the broadband response and ERP, suggesting that they capture different and complementary aspects of the subject's perceptual state. Specifically, we were able to predict the timing and type of 96% of all stimuli, with less than 5% false positive rate and a ~20ms error in timing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai J. Miller
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- NASA—Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gerwin Schalk
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Dora Hermes
- Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey G. Ojemann
- Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rajesh P. N. Rao
- Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kadipasaoglu CM, Forseth K, Whaley M, Conner CR, Rollo MJ, Baboyan VG, Tandon N. Development of grouped icEEG for the study of cognitive processing. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1008. [PMID: 26257673 PMCID: PMC4508923 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive intracranial EEG (icEEG) offers a unique opportunity to study human cognitive networks at an unmatched spatiotemporal resolution. To date, the contributions of icEEG have been limited to the individual-level analyses or cohorts whose data are not integrated in any way. Here we discuss how grouped approaches to icEEG overcome challenges related to sparse-sampling, correct for individual variations in response and provide statistically valid models of brain activity in a population. By the generation of whole-brain activity maps, grouped icEEG enables the study of intra and interregional dynamics between distributed cortical substrates exhibiting task-dependent activity. In this fashion, grouped icEEG analyses can provide significant advances in understanding the mechanisms by which cortical networks give rise to cognitive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cihan M Kadipasaoglu
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kiefer Forseth
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meagan Whaley
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Rice University Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher R Conner
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J Rollo
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vatche G Baboyan
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX, USA ; Texas Medical Center, Mischer Neuroscience Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Miller KJ, Hermes D, Witthoft N, Rao RPN, Ojemann JG. The physiology of perception in human temporal lobe is specialized for contextual novelty. J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:256-63. [PMID: 25972581 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00131.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human ventral temporal cortex has regions that are known to selectively process certain categories of visual inputs; they are specialized for the content ("faces," "places," "tools") and not the form ("line," "patch") of the image being seen. In our study, human patients with implanted electrocorticography (ECoG) electrode arrays were shown sequences of simple face and house pictures. We quantified neuronal population activity, finding robust face-selective sites on the fusiform gyrus and house-selective sites on the lingual/parahippocampal gyri. The magnitude and timing of single trials were compared between novel ("house-face") and repeated ("face-face") stimulus-type responses. More than half of the category-selective sites showed significantly greater total activity for novel stimulus class. Approximately half of the face-selective sites (and none of the house-selective sites) showed significantly faster latency to peak (∼ 50 ms) for novel stimulus class. This establishes subregions within category-selective areas that are differentially tuned to novelty in sequential context, where novel stimuli are processed faster in some regions, and with increased activity in others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai J Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;
| | - Dora Hermes
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Nathan Witthoft
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Rajesh P N Rao
- Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Jeffrey G Ojemann
- Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Event-related potential and time-frequency endophenotypes for schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:127-36. [PMID: 24923619 PMCID: PMC5314434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The investigators compared event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes and event-related oscillations across a broad frequency range during an auditory oddball task using a comprehensive analysis approach to describe shared and unique neural auditory processing characteristics among healthy subjects (HP), schizophrenia probands (SZ) and their first-degree relatives, and bipolar disorder I with psychosis probands (BDP) and their first-degree relatives. METHODS This Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes sample consisted of clinically stable SZ (n = 229) and BDP (n = 188), HP (n = 284), first-degree relatives of schizophrenia probands (n = 264), and first-degree relatives of bipolar disorder I with psychosis probands (n = 239). They were administered an auditory oddball task in the electroencephalography environment. Principal components analysis derived data-driven frequency bands evoked power. Spatial principal components analysis reduced ERP and frequency data to component waveforms for each subject. Clusters of time bins with significant group differences on response magnitude were assessed for proband/relative differences from HP and familiality. RESULTS Nine variables survived a linear discriminant analysis between HP, SZ, and BDP. Of those, two showed evidence (deficit in relatives and familiality) as genetic risk markers more specific to SZ (N1, P3b), one was specific to BDP (P2) and one for psychosis in general (N2). CONCLUSIONS This study supports for both shared and unique deficits in early sensory and late cognitive processing across psychotic diagnostic groups. Additional ERP and time-frequency component alterations (frontal N2/P2, late high, early, mid, and low frequency) may provide insight into deficits in underlying neural architecture and potential protective/compensatory mechanisms in unaffected relatives.
Collapse
|
15
|
Singer JM, Madsen JR, Anderson WS, Kreiman G. Sensitivity to timing and order in human visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 2014; 113:1656-69. [PMID: 25429116 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00556.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual recognition takes a small fraction of a second and relies on the cascade of signals along the ventral visual stream. Given the rapid path through multiple processing steps between photoreceptors and higher visual areas, information must progress from stage to stage very quickly. This rapid progression of information suggests that fine temporal details of the neural response may be important to the brain's encoding of visual signals. We investigated how changes in the relative timing of incoming visual stimulation affect the representation of object information by recording intracranial field potentials along the human ventral visual stream while subjects recognized objects whose parts were presented with varying asynchrony. Visual responses along the ventral stream were sensitive to timing differences as small as 17 ms between parts. In particular, there was a strong dependency on the temporal order of stimulus presentation, even at short asynchronies. From these observations we infer that the neural representation of complex information in visual cortex can be modulated by rapid dynamics on scales of tens of milliseconds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jedediah M Singer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph R Madsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William S Anderson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gabriel Kreiman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Swartz Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
It has been recently shown that local field potentials (LFPs) from the auditory and visual cortices carry information about sensory stimuli, but whether this is a universal property of sensory cortices remains to be determined. Moreover, little is known about the temporal dynamics of sensory information contained in LFPs following stimulus onset. Here we investigated the time course of the amount of stimulus information in LFPs and spikes from the gustatory cortex of awake rats subjected to tastants and water delivery on the tongue. We found that the phase and amplitude of multiple LFP frequencies carry information about stimuli, which have specific time courses after stimulus delivery. The information carried by LFP phase and amplitude was independent within frequency bands, since the joint information exhibited neither synergy nor redundancy. Tastant information in LFPs was also independent and had a different time course from the information carried by spikes. These findings support the hypothesis that the brain uses different frequency channels to dynamically code for multiple features of a stimulus.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Sensory signals must be interpreted in the context of goals and tasks. To detect a target in an image, the brain compares input signals and goals to elicit the correct behavior. We examined how target detection modulates visual recognition signals by recording intracranial field potential responses from 776 electrodes in 10 epileptic human subjects. We observed reliable differences in the physiological responses to stimuli when a cued target was present versus absent. Goal-related modulation was particularly strong in the inferior temporal and fusiform gyri, two areas important for object recognition. Target modulation started after 250 ms post stimulus, considerably after the onset of visual recognition signals. While broadband signals exhibited increased or decreased power, gamma frequency power showed predominantly increases during target presence. These observations support models where task goals interact with sensory inputs via top-down signals that influence the highest echelons of visual processing after the onset of selective responses.
Collapse
|
18
|
Perry G, Singh KD. Localizing evoked and induced responses to faces using magnetoencephalography. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39:1517-27. [PMID: 24617643 PMCID: PMC4232859 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A rich pattern of responses in frequency, time and space are known to be generated in the visual cortex in response to faces. Recently, a number of studies have used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to try to record these responses non-invasively – in many cases using source analysis techniques based on the beamforming method. Here we sought both to characterize best practice for measuring face-specific responses using MEG beamforming, and to determine whether the results produced by the beamformer match evidence from other modalities. We measured activity to visual presentation of face stimuli and phase-scrambled control stimuli, and performed source analyses of both induced and evoked responses using Synthetic Aperture Magnetometry. We localized the gamma-band response to bilateral lateral occipital cortex, and both the gamma-band response and the M170-evoked response to the right fusiform gyrus. Differences in the gamma-band response between faces and scrambled stimuli were confined to the frequency range 50–90 Hz; gamma-band activity at higher frequencies did not differ between the two stimulus categories. We additionally identified a component of the M220-evoked response – localized to the parieto-occipital sulcus – which was enhanced for scrambled vs. unscrambled faces. These findings help to establish that MEG beamforming can localize face-specific responses in time, frequency and space with good accuracy (when validated against established findings from functional magnetic resonance imaging and intracranial recordings), as well as contributing to the establishment of best methodological practice for the use of the beamformer method to measure face-specific responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Perry
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Engell AD, McCarthy G. Repetition suppression of face-selective evoked and induced EEG recorded from human cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:4155-62. [PMID: 24677530 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In functional MRI studies, repetition suppression refers to the reduction of hemodynamic activation to repeated stimulus presentation. For example, the repeated presentation of a face reduces the hemodynamic response evoked by faces in the fusiform gyrus. The neural events that underlie repetition suppression are not well understood. Indeed, in contrast to the hemodynamic response, the face-specific N200 recorded from subdural electrodes on the ventral occipitotemporal cortex, primarily along the fusiform gyrus, has been reported to be insensitive to face-identity repetition. We have previously described a face-specific broadband gamma (30-100 Hz) response at ventral face-specific N200 sites that is functionally dissociable from the N200. In this study, we investigate whether gamma and other components of the electroencephalogram spectrum are affected by face-identity repetition independently of the N200. Participants viewed sequentially presented identical faces. At sites on and around the fusiform gyrus, we found that face repetition modulated alpha (8-12 Hz), low-gamma (30-60 Hz), and high-gamma (60-100 Hz) synchrony, but not the N200. These findings provide evidence of a spatially co-localized progression of face processing. Whereas the N200 reflects an initial obligatory response that is less sensitive to face-identity repetition, the subsequent spectral fluctuations reflect more elaborative face processing and are thus sensitive to face novelty. It is notable that the observed modulations were different for different frequency bands. We observed repetition suppression of broadband gamma, but repetition enhancement of alpha synchrony. This difference is discussed with regard to an existing model of repetition suppression and behavioral repetition priming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Engell
- Human Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Emergence of sensory patterns during sleep highlights differential dynamics of REM and non-REM sleep stages. J Neurosci 2013; 33:14715-28. [PMID: 24027272 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0232-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the profound reduction in conscious awareness associated with sleep, sensory cortex remains highly active during the different sleep stages, exhibiting complex interactions between different cortical sites. The potential functional significance of such spatial patterns and how they change between different sleep stages is presently unknown. In this electrocorticography study of human patients, we examined this question by studying spatial patterns of activity (broadband gamma power) that emerge during sleep (sleep patterns) and comparing them to the functional organization of sensory cortex that is activated by naturalistic stimuli during the awake state. Our results show a high correlation (p < 10(-4), permutation test) between the sleep spatial patterns and the functional organization found during wakefulness. Examining how the sleep patterns changed through the night highlighted a stage-specific difference, whereby the repertoire of such patterns was significantly larger during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep compared with non-REM stages. These results reveal that intricate spatial patterns of sensory functional organization emerge in a stage-specific manner during sleep.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sedley W, Cunningham MO. Do cortical gamma oscillations promote or suppress perception? An under-asked question with an over-assumed answer. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:595. [PMID: 24065913 PMCID: PMC3778316 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical gamma oscillations occur alongside perceptual processes, and in proportion to perceptual salience. They have a number of properties that make them ideal candidates to explain perception, including incorporating synchronized discharges of neural assemblies, and their emergence over a fast timescale consistent with that of perception. These observations have led to widespread assumptions that gamma oscillations' role is to cause or facilitate conscious perception (i.e., a "positive" role). While the majority of the human literature on gamma oscillations is consistent with this interpretation, many or most of these studies could equally be interpreted as showing a suppressive or inhibitory (i.e., "negative") role. For example, presenting a stimulus and recording a response of increased gamma oscillations would only suggest a role for gamma oscillations in the representation of that stimulus, and would not specify what that role were; if gamma oscillations were inhibitory, then they would become selectively activated in response to the stimulus they acted to inhibit. In this review, we consider two classes of gamma oscillations: "broadband" and "narrowband," which have very different properties (and likely roles). We first discuss studies on gamma oscillations that are non-discriminatory, with respect to the role of gamma oscillations, followed by studies that specifically support specifically a positive or negative role. These include work on perception in healthy individuals, and in the pathological contexts of phantom perception and epilepsy. Reference is based as much as possible on magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) studies, but we also consider evidence from invasive recordings in humans and other animals. Attempts are made to reconcile findings within a common framework. We conclude with a summary of the pertinent questions that remain unanswered, and suggest how future studies might address these.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Sedley
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Medical School Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kovács G, Zimmer M, Volberg G, Lavric I, Rossion B. Electrophysiological correlates of visual adaptation and sensory competition. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:1488-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Uematsu M, Matsuzaki N, Brown EC, Kojima K, Asano E. Human occipital cortices differentially exert saccadic suppression: Intracranial recording in children. Neuroimage 2013; 83:224-36. [PMID: 23792979 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
By repeating saccades unconsciously, humans explore the surrounding world every day. Saccades inevitably move external visual images across the retina at high velocity; nonetheless, healthy humans don't perceive transient blurring of the visual scene during saccades. This perceptual stability is referred to as saccadic suppression. Functional suppression is believed to take place transiently in the visual systems, but it remains unknown how commonly or differentially the human occipital lobe activities are suppressed at the large-scale cortical network level. We determined the spatial-temporal dynamics of intracranially-recorded gamma activity at 80-150 Hz around spontaneous saccades under no-task conditions during wakefulness and those in darkness during REM sleep. Regardless of wakefulness or REM sleep, a small degree of attenuation of gamma activity was noted in the occipital regions during saccades, most extensively in the polar and least in the medial portions. Longer saccades were associated with more intense gamma-attenuation. Gamma-attenuation was subsequently followed by gamma-augmentation most extensively involving the medial and least involving the polar occipital region. Such gamma-augmentation was more intense during wakefulness and temporally locked to the offset of saccades. The polarities of initial peaks of perisaccadic event-related potentials (ERPs) were frequently positive in the medial and negative in the polar occipital regions. The present study, for the first time, provided the electrophysiological evidence that human occipital cortices differentially exert perisaccadic modulation. Transiently suppressed sensitivity of the primary visual cortex in the polar region may be an important neural basis for saccadic suppression. Presence of occipital gamma-attenuation even during REM sleep suggests that saccadic suppression might be exerted even without external visual inputs. The primary visual cortex in the medial region, compared to the polar region, may be more sensitive to an upcoming visual scene provided at the offset of each saccade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsugu Uematsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Spatial and object-based attention modulates broadband high-frequency responses across the human visual cortical hierarchy. J Neurosci 2013; 33:1228-40. [PMID: 23325259 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3181-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the puzzling aspects in the visual attention literature is the discrepancy between electrophysiological and fMRI findings: whereas fMRI studies reveal strong attentional modulation in the earliest visual areas, single-unit and local field potential studies yielded mixed results. In addition, it is not clear to what extent spatial attention effects extend from early to high-order visual areas. Here we addressed these issues using electrocorticography recordings in epileptic patients. The patients performed a task that allowed simultaneous manipulation of both spatial and object-based attention. They were presented with composite stimuli, consisting of a small object (face or house) superimposed on a large one, and in separate blocks, were instructed to attend one of the objects. We found a consistent increase in broadband high-frequency (30-90 Hz) power, but not in visual evoked potentials, associated with spatial attention starting with V1/V2 and continuing throughout the visual hierarchy. The magnitude of the attentional modulation was correlated with the spatial selectivity of each electrode and its distance from the occipital pole. Interestingly, the latency of the attentional modulation showed a significant decrease along the visual hierarchy. In addition, electrodes placed over high-order visual areas (e.g., fusiform gyrus) showed both effects of spatial and object-based attention. Overall, our results help to reconcile previous observations of discrepancy between fMRI and electrophysiology. They also imply that spatial attention effects can be found both in early and high-order visual cortical areas, in parallel with their stimulus tuning properties.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kikuchi M, Shitamichi K, Yoshimura Y, Ueno S, Hiraishi H, Hirosawa T, Munesue T, Nakatani H, Tsubokawa T, Haruta Y, Oi M, Niida Y, Remijn GB, Takahashi T, Suzuki M, Higashida H, Minabe Y. Altered brain connectivity in 3-to 7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2013; 2:394-401. [PMID: 24179793 PMCID: PMC3777701 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often described as a disorder of aberrant neural connectivity and/or aberrant hemispheric lateralization. Although it is important to study the pathophysiology of the developing ASD cortex, the physiological connectivity of the brain in young children with ASD under conscious conditions has not yet been described. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a noninvasive brain imaging technique that is practical for use in young children. MEG produces a reference-free signal and is, therefore, an ideal tool for computing the coherence between two distant cortical rhythms. Using a custom child-sized MEG, we recently reported that 5- to 7-year-old children with ASD (n = 26) have inherently different neural pathways than typically developing (TD) children that contribute to their relatively preserved performance of visual tasks. In this study, we performed non-invasive measurements of the brain activity of 70 young children (3-7 years old, of which 18 were aged 3-4 years), a sample consisting of 35 ASD children and 35 TD children. Physiological connectivity and the laterality of physiological connectivity were assessed using intrahemispheric coherence for 9 frequency bands. As a result, significant rightward connectivity between the parietotemporal areas, via gamma band oscillations, was found in the ASD group. As we obtained the non-invasive measurements using a custom child-sized MEG, this is the first study to demonstrate a rightward-lateralized neurophysiological network in conscious young children (including children aged 3-4 years) with ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan ; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan ; Higher Brain Functions & Autism Research, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University and Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Orpwood R. Qualia could arise from information processing in local cortical networks. Front Psychol 2013; 4:121. [PMID: 23504586 PMCID: PMC3596736 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Re-entrant feedback, either within sensory cortex or arising from prefrontal areas, has been strongly linked to the emergence of consciousness, both in theoretical and experimental work. This idea, together with evidence for local micro-consciousness, suggests the generation of qualia could in some way result from local network activity under re-entrant activation. This paper explores the possibility by examining the processing of information by local cortical networks. It highlights the difference between the information structure (how the information is physically embodied), and the information message (what the information is about). It focuses on the network’s ability to recognize information structures amongst its inputs under conditions of extensive local feedback, and to then assign information messages to those structures. It is shown that if the re-entrant feedback enables the network to achieve an attractor state, then the message assigned in any given pass of information through the network is a representation of the message assigned in the previous pass-through of information. Based on this ability the paper argues that as information is repeatedly cycled through the network, the information message that is assigned evolves from a recognition of what the input structure is, to what it is like, to how it appears, to how it seems. It could enable individual networks to be the site of qualia generation. The paper goes on to show networks in cortical layers 2/3 and 5a have the connectivity required for the behavior proposed, and reviews some evidence for a link between such local cortical cyclic activity and conscious percepts. It concludes with some predictions based on the theory discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Orpwood
- Centre for Pain Research, Department for Health, University of Bath Bath, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Saxena N, Muthukumaraswamy SD, Diukova A, Singh K, Hall J, Wise R. Enhanced stimulus-induced gamma activity in humans during propofol-induced sedation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57685. [PMID: 23483920 PMCID: PMC3590225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulus-induced gamma oscillations in the 30-80 Hz range have been implicated in a wide number of functions including visual processing, memory and attention. While occipital gamma-band oscillations can be pharmacologically modified in animal preparations, pharmacological modulation of stimulus-induced visual gamma oscillations has yet to be demonstrated in non-invasive human recordings. Here, in fifteen healthy humans volunteers, we probed the effects of the GABAA agonist and sedative propofol on stimulus-related gamma activity recorded with magnetoencephalography, using a simple visual grating stimulus designed to elicit gamma oscillations in the primary visual cortex. During propofol sedation as compared to the normal awake state, a significant 60% increase in stimulus-induced gamma amplitude was seen together with a 94% enhancement of stimulus-induced alpha suppression and a simultaneous reduction in the amplitude of the pattern-onset evoked response. These data demonstrate, that propofol-induced sedation is accompanied by increased stimulus-induced gamma activity providing a potential window into mechanisms of gamma-oscillation generation in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Saxena
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Cwm Taf Local Health Board, Llantrisant, United Kingdom
| | - Suresh D. Muthukumaraswamy
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Diukova
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Krish Singh
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Hall
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Davidesco I, Zion-Golumbic E, Bickel S, Harel M, Groppe DM, Keller CJ, Schevon CA, McKhann GM, Goodman RR, Goelman G, Schroeder CE, Mehta AD, Malach R. Exemplar selectivity reflects perceptual similarities in the human fusiform cortex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 24:1879-93. [PMID: 23438448 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
While brain imaging studies emphasized the category selectivity of face-related areas, the underlying mechanisms of our remarkable ability to discriminate between different faces are less understood. Here, we recorded intracranial local field potentials from face-related areas in patients presented with images of faces and objects. A highly significant exemplar tuning within the category of faces was observed in high-Gamma (80-150 Hz) responses. The robustness of this effect was supported by single-trial decoding of face exemplars using a minimal (n = 5) training set. Importantly, exemplar tuning reflected the psychophysical distance between faces but not their low-level features. Our results reveal a neuronal substrate for the establishment of perceptual distance among faces in the human brain. They further imply that face neurons are anatomically grouped according to well-defined functional principles, such as perceptual similarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ido Davidesco
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elana Zion-Golumbic
- Department of Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Program, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Stephan Bickel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Michal Harel
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David M Groppe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Corey J Keller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Catherine A Schevon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guy M McKhann
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert R Goodman
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gadi Goelman
- Medical Biophysics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Charles E Schroeder
- Department of Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Program, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Ashesh D Mehta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Rafael Malach
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Meshulam M, Ramot M, Harel M, Kipervasser S, Andelman F, Neufeld MY, Kramer U, Fried I, Malach R. Selectivity of audiovisual ECoG responses revealed under naturalistic stimuli in the human cortex. J Neurophysiol 2013; 109:2272-81. [PMID: 23407355 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00474.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental debate in the study of cortical sensory systems concerns the scale of functional selectivity in cortical networks. Brain imaging studies have repeatedly demonstrated functional selectivity in entire cortical areas and networks using predetermined stimuli. However, it is not clear to what extent these networks are heterogeneous, i.e., whether the selectivity profiles in subregions within each sensory network show significant dissimilarity. Here, we studied local functional selectivity in the human cortex using naturalistic movie clips shown to 12 patients implanted with intracranial electrocorticography electrodes (590 in total), providing extensive cortical coverage. We examined the similarity of response profiles (40- to 80-Hz gamma-power modulations) across electrodes using a novel data driven approach without assuming any predefined category. Our results show that the functional selectivity of each highly responsive electrode was different from that of all other electrodes across the sensory cortex. Thus most responsive electrodes showed an activation profile that was unique in each patient and was similar to that of only 0.3% (1-2) of all other electrodes across all patients. Functional similarity between electrodes was linked to anatomical proximity. While in most electrodes the source of selectivity was complex, a small subset showed the well-documented selectivity to faces and actions. Our results indicate that the human sensory cortex is organized as a mosaic of functionally unique subregions in which each site manifests its own special response profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meir Meshulam
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kikuchi M, Yoshimura Y, Shitamichi K, Ueno S, Hirosawa T, Munesue T, Ono Y, Tsubokawa T, Haruta Y, Oi M, Niida Y, Remijn GB, Takahashi T, Suzuki M, Higashida H, Minabe Y. A custom magnetoencephalography device reveals brain connectivity and high reading/decoding ability in children with autism. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1139. [PMID: 23355952 PMCID: PMC3555087 DOI: 10.1038/srep01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A subset of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) performs more proficiently on certain visual tasks than may be predicted by their general cognitive performances. However, in younger children with ASD (aged 5 to 7), preserved ability in these tasks and the neurophysiological correlates of their ability are not well documented. In the present study, we used a custom child-sized magnetoencephalography system and demonstrated that preserved ability in the visual reasoning task was associated with rightward lateralisation of the neurophysiological connectivity between the parietal and temporal regions in children with ASD. In addition, we demonstrated that higher reading/decoding ability was also associated with the same lateralisation in children with ASD. These neurophysiological correlates of visual tasks are considerably different from those that are observed in typically developing children. These findings indicate that children with ASD have inherently different neural pathways that contribute to their relatively preserved ability in visual tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Privman E, Malach R, Yeshurun Y. Modeling the electrical field created by mass neural activity. Neural Netw 2013; 40:44-51. [PMID: 23391515 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gamma oscillations of large scale electrical activity are used in electrophysiological studies as markers for neural activity and functional processes in the cortex, yet the nature of this mass neural phenomenon and its relation to the evoked response potentials (ERP) are still not well understood. Many studies associated the gamma oscillations with oscillators around the 40 Hz frequency, yet recent studies have shown that gamma frequencies may be part of a broadband phenomenon ranging from 30 Hz up to 250 Hz. In this study we have examined the possibility that a simple model, based on available neurophysiological parameters, involving an increase in asynchronous (Poisson distributed) neural firing may be sufficient to generate the observed gamma power increases. Our simulation shows a roughly linear increase in gamma power as a function of the aggregated firing rate of the neural population, while the influence of the synchronization level within the neurons on the gamma power is limited. Our model supports the viewpoint that the broadband gamma response is mainly driven by the summed, asynchronous, activity of the neural population. We show that the time frequency spectrogram of the stimulus response can be reconstructed by combining two different phenomena-the broadband gamma power increase due to local processing and the more spatially distributed event related desynchronization (ERD). Our model thus raises the possibility that the broadband gamma response is closely linked to the aggregate population firing rate of the recorded neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eran Privman
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ethridge LE, Malone SM, Iacono WG, Clementz BA. Genetic influences on composite neural activations supporting visual target identification. Biol Psychol 2012. [PMID: 23201034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Behavior genetic studies of brain activity associated with complex cognitive operations may further elucidate the genetic and physiological underpinnings of basic and complex neural processing. In the present project, monozygotic (N=51 pairs) and dizygotic (N=48 pairs) twins performed a visual oddball task with dense-array EEG. Using spatial PCA, two principal components each were retained for targets and standards; wavelets were used to obtain time-frequency maps of eigenvalue-weighted event-related oscillations for each individual. Distribution of inter-trial phase coherence (ITC) and single trial power (STP) over time indicated that the early principal component was primarily associated with ITC while the later component was associated with a mixture of ITC and STP. Spatial PCA on point-by-point broad sense heritability matrices revealed data-derived frequency bands similar to those well established in EEG literature. Biometric models of eigenvalue-weighted time-frequency data suggest a link between physiology of oscillatory brain activity and patterns of genetic influence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Ethridge
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ethridge LE, Hamm JP, Shapiro JR, Summerfelt AT, Keedy SK, Stevens MC, Pearlson G, Tamminga CA, Boutros NN, Sweeney JA, Keshavan MS, Thaker G, Clementz BA. Neural activations during auditory oddball processing discriminating schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2012; 72:766-74. [PMID: 22572033 PMCID: PMC3465513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced amplitude of the P300 event-related potential in auditory oddball tasks may characterize schizophrenia (SZ) but is also reported in bipolar disorder. Similarity of auditory processing abnormalities between these diagnoses is uncertain, given the frequent combination of both psychotic and nonpsychotic patients in bipolar samples; abnormalities may be restricted to psychosis. In addition, typically only latency and amplitude of brain responses at selected sensors and singular time points are used to characterize neural responses. Comprehensive quantification of brain activations involving both spatiotemporal and time-frequency analyses could better identify unique auditory oddball responses among patients with different psychotic disorders. METHODS Sixty SZ, 60 bipolar I with psychosis (BPP), and 60 healthy subjects (H) were compared on neural responses during an auditory oddball task using multisensor electroencephalography. Principal components analysis was used to reduce multisensor data before evaluating group differences on voltage and frequency of neural responses over time. RESULTS Linear discriminant analysis revealed five variables that best differentiated groups: 1) late beta activity to standard stimuli; 2) late beta/gamma activity to targets discriminated BPP from other groups; 3) midlatency theta/alpha activity to standards; 4) target-related voltage at the late N2 response discriminated both psychosis groups from H; and 5) target-related voltage during early N2 discriminated BPP from H. CONCLUSIONS Although the P300 significantly differentiated psychotic groups from H, it did not uniquely discriminate groups beyond the above variables. No variable uniquely discriminated SZ, perhaps indicating utility of this task for studying psychosis-associated neurophysiology generally and BPP specifically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Ethridge
- Department of Psychology, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA,Department of Neuroscience, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Jordan P. Hamm
- Department of Psychology, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA,Department of Neuroscience, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - John R. Shapiro
- Department of Psychology, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Ann T. Summerfelt
- Department of Psychiatry, MPRC, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sarah K. Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL
| | - Michael C. Stevens
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford CT, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford CT, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT
| | | | - Nash N. Boutros
- Department of Psychiatry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - John A. Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
| | - Matcheri S. Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston MA
| | - Gunvant Thaker
- Department of Psychiatry, MPRC, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brett A. Clementz
- Department of Psychology, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA,Department of Neuroscience, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, Corresponding author: Brett A. Clementz, Psychology Department, Psychology Building, Baldwin Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. , phone: 706-542-3128; fax: 706-542-3275
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hamm JP, Ethridge LE, Shapiro JR, Stevens MC, Boutros NN, Summerfelt AT, Keshavan MS, Sweeney JA, Pearlson G, Tamminga CA, Thaker G, Clementz BA. Spatiotemporal and frequency domain analysis of auditory paired stimuli processing in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with psychosis. Psychophysiology 2011; 49:522-30. [PMID: 22176721 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) or bipolar disorder with psychosis (BPP) may share neurophysiological abnormalities as measured in auditory paired-stimuli paradigms with electroencephalography (EEG). Such investigations have been limited, however, by quantifying only event-related potential peaks and/or broad frequency bands at limited scalp locations without considering possible mediating factors (e.g., baseline differences). Results from 64-sensor EEG collected in 180 age- and gender-matched participants reveal (i) accentuated prestimulus gamma oscillations and (ii) reduced P2 amplitudes and theta/alpha oscillations to S1 among participants with both SZ and BPP. Conversely, (iii) N1s in those with SZ to S1 were reduced compared to healthy volunteers and those with BPP, whereas (iv) beta range oscillations 200-300 ms following S2 were accentuated in those with BPP but not those with SZ. Results reveal a pattern of both unique and shared neurophysiological phenotypes occurring within major psychotic diagnoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan P Hamm
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-3013, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Independent predictors of neuronal adaptation in human primary visual cortex measured with high-gamma activity. Neuroimage 2011; 59:1639-46. [PMID: 21945696 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal adaptation is defined as a reduced neural response to a repeated stimulus and can be demonstrated by reduced augmentation of event-related gamma activity. Several studies reported that variance in the degree of gamma augmentation could be explained by pre-stimulus low-frequency oscillations. Here, we measured the spatio-temporal characteristics of visually-driven amplitude modulations in human primary visual cortex using intracranial electrocorticography. We determined if inter-stimulus intervals or pre-stimulus oscillations independently predicted local neuronal adaptation measured with amplitude changes of high-gamma activity at 80-150 Hz. Participants were given repetitive photic stimuli with a flash duration of 20 μs in each block; the inter-stimulus interval was set constant within each block but different (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0s) across blocks. Stimuli elicited augmentation of high-gamma activity in the occipital cortex at about 30 to 90 ms, and high-gamma augmentation was most prominent in the medial occipital region. High-gamma augmentation was subsequently followed by lingering beta augmentation at 20-30 Hz and high-gamma attenuation. Neuronal adaptation was demonstrated as a gradual reduction of high-gamma augmentation over trials. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a larger number of prior stimuli, shorter inter-stimulus interval, and pre-stimulus high-gamma attenuation independently predicted a reduced high-gamma augmentation in a given trial, while pre-stimulus beta amplitude or delta phase had no significant predictive value. Association between pre-stimulus high-gamma attenuation and a reduced neural response suggests that high-gamma attenuation represents a refractory period. The local effects of pre-stimulus beta augmentation and delta phase on neuronal adaptation may be modest in primary visual cortex.
Collapse
|