1
|
Schmidt KE. Equalizing transcallosal inhibition in the mouse anterior cingulate mitigates visuospatial neglect. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:395-397. [PMID: 38658244 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A recent study by Wang and colleagues disentangled a transcallosal inhibitory circuit in mouse anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which modulates excitatory ipsilateral tonus and contralateral inhibition by exciting contralateral parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons. The authors conclude that the identified circuit mediates interhemispheric balance for visuospatial attention and provides top-down modulation of visual cortices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Erika Schmidt
- Neurobiology of Vision Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil; Göttingen Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Chen Z, Ma G, Wang L, Liu Y, Qin M, Fei X, Wu Y, Xu M, Zhang S. A frontal transcallosal inhibition loop mediates interhemispheric balance in visuospatial processing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5213. [PMID: 37626171 PMCID: PMC10457336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interhemispheric communication through the corpus callosum is required for both sensory and cognitive processes. Impaired transcallosal inhibition causing interhemispheric imbalance is believed to underlie visuospatial bias after frontoparietal cortical damage, but the synaptic circuits involved remain largely unknown. Here, we show that lesions in the mouse anterior cingulate area (ACA) cause severe visuospatial bias mediated by a transcallosal inhibition loop. In a visual-change-detection task, ACA callosal-projection neurons (CPNs) were more active with contralateral visual field changes than with ipsilateral changes. Unilateral CPN inactivation impaired contralateral change detection but improved ipsilateral detection by altering interhemispheric interaction through callosal projections. CPNs strongly activated contralateral parvalbumin-positive (PV+) neurons, and callosal-input-driven PV+ neurons preferentially inhibited ipsilateral CPNs, thus mediating transcallosal inhibition. Unilateral PV+ neuron activation caused a similar behavioral bias to contralateral CPN activation and ipsilateral CPN inactivation, and bilateral PV+ neuron activation eliminated this bias. Notably, restoring interhemispheric balance by activating contralesional PV+ neurons significantly improved contralesional detection in ACA-lesioned animals. Thus, a frontal transcallosal inhibition loop comprising CPNs and callosal-input-driven PV+ neurons mediates interhemispheric balance in visuospatial processing, and enhancing contralesional transcallosal inhibition restores interhemispheric balance while also reversing lesion-induced bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhaonan Chen
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Guofen Ma
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lizhao Wang
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Meiling Qin
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiang Fei
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Innocenti GM, Schmidt K, Milleret C, Fabri M, Knyazeva MG, Battaglia-Mayer A, Aboitiz F, Ptito M, Caleo M, Marzi CA, Barakovic M, Lepore F, Caminiti R. The functional characterization of callosal connections. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 208:102186. [PMID: 34780864 PMCID: PMC8752969 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The functional characterization of callosal connections is informed by anatomical data. Callosal connections play a conditional driving role depending on the brain state and behavioral demands. Callosal connections play a modulatory function, in addition to a driving role. The corpus callosum participates in learning and interhemispheric transfer of sensorimotor habits. The corpus callosum contributes to language processing and cognitive functions.
The brain operates through the synaptic interaction of distant neurons within flexible, often heterogeneous, distributed systems. Histological studies have detailed the connections between distant neurons, but their functional characterization deserves further exploration. Studies performed on the corpus callosum in animals and humans are unique in that they capitalize on results obtained from several neuroscience disciplines. Such data inspire a new interpretation of the function of callosal connections and delineate a novel road map, thus paving the way toward a general theory of cortico-cortical connectivity. Here we suggest that callosal axons can drive their post-synaptic targets preferentially when coupled to other inputs endowing the cortical network with a high degree of conditionality. This might depend on several factors, such as their pattern of convergence-divergence, the excitatory and inhibitory operation mode, the range of conduction velocities, the variety of homotopic and heterotopic projections and, finally, the state-dependency of their firing. We propose that, in addition to direct stimulation of post-synaptic targets, callosal axons often play a conditional driving or modulatory role, which depends on task contingencies, as documented by several recent studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio M Innocenti
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Schmidt
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Chantal Milleret
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U 1050, Label Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Mara Fabri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria G Knyazeva
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie (LREN), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Leenaards Memory Centre and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias and Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maurice Ptito
- Harland Sanders Chair in Visual Science, École d'Optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Qc, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matteo Caleo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy; CNR Neuroscience Institute, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo A Marzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Muhamed Barakovic
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franco Lepore
- Department of Psychology, Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Roberto Caminiti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome SAPIENZA, Rome, Italy; Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khalil R, Gonzalez C, Alsuwaidi S, Levitt JB. Developmental refinement of visual callosal inputs to ferret area 17. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:804-816. [PMID: 34611910 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Corticocortical connections link visual cortical areas in both the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres. We studied the postnatal refinement of callosal connections linking multiple cortical areas with ferret area 17 during the period from just before eye opening (4 weeks) to 10 weeks of age. We aimed to determine (1) whether callosal projections from multiple visual cortical areas to area 17 refine with a similar rate and (2) whether the refinement of callosal projections parallels that of intrahemispheric cortical circuits. We injected the bidirectional tracer CTb into area 17, and mapped the areal and laminar distribution of labeled cells in visual areas of the contralateral hemisphere. Like intrahemispheric projections, callosal inputs to area 17 before eye opening are dominated by Suprasylvian area Ssy (with lesser and comparable input from areas 17, 18, 19, and 21), but within 2 weeks of eye opening are jointly dominated by area 18 and Ssy inputs; however, there are fewer labeled cells in the contralateral hemisphere. Unlike intrahemispheric projections, there is no laminar reorganization of callosal inputs; in all visual areas and at all ages studied, the greatest proportion of callosal projections arises from the infragranular layers. Also, unlike intrahemispheric projections, the peak density of callosal cells in each area projecting to area 17 declines more modestly. These results reveal important similarities and differences in the postnatal reorganization of inter- and intrahemispheric projections to area 17.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Khalil
- Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Department, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Department of Biology MR526, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cyndi Gonzalez
- Department of Biology MR526, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shaima Alsuwaidi
- Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Department, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Levitt
- Department of Biology MR526, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ferreiro DN, Conde-Ocazionez SA, Patriota JH, Souza LC, Oliveira MF, Wolf F, Schmidt KE. Spatial clustering of orientation preference in primary visual cortex of the large rodent agouti. iScience 2021; 24:101882. [PMID: 33354663 PMCID: PMC7744940 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
All rodents investigated so far possess orientation-selective neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) but - in contrast to carnivores and primates - no evidence of periodic maps with pinwheel-like structures. Theoretical studies debating whether phylogeny or universal principles determine development of pinwheels point to V1 size as a critical constraint. Thus, we set out to study maps of agouti, a big diurnal rodent with a V1 size comparable to cats'. In electrophysiology, we detected interspersed orientation and direction-selective neurons with a bias for horizontal contours, corroborated by homogeneous activation in optical imaging. Compatible with spatial clustering at short distance, nearby neurons tended to exhibit similar orientation preference. Our results argue against V1 size as a key parameter in determining the presence of periodic orientation maps. They are consistent with a phylogenetic influence on the map layout and development, potentially reflecting distinct retinal traits or interspecies differences in cortical circuitry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dardo N. Ferreiro
- Neurobiology of Vision Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Sergio A. Conde-Ocazionez
- Neurobiology of Vision Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - João H.N. Patriota
- Neurobiology of Vision Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Luã C. Souza
- Neurobiology of Vision Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Moacir F. Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Fred Wolf
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin E. Schmidt
- Neurobiology of Vision Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hagihara KM, Ishikawa AW, Yoshimura Y, Tagawa Y, Ohki K. Long-Range Interhemispheric Projection Neurons Show Biased Response Properties and Fine-Scale Local Subnetworks in Mouse Visual Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:1307-1315. [PMID: 33063102 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of information processed separately in distributed brain regions is essential for brain functions. This integration is enabled by long-range projection neurons, and further, concerted interactions between long-range projections and local microcircuits are crucial. It is not well known, however, how this interaction is implemented in cortical circuits. Here, to decipher this logic, using callosal projection neurons (CPNs) in layer 2/3 of the mouse visual cortex as a model of long-range projections, we found that CPNs exhibited distinct response properties and fine-scale local connectivity patterns. In vivo 2-photon calcium imaging revealed that CPNs showed a higher ipsilateral (to their somata) eye preference, and that CPN pairs showed stronger signal/noise correlation than random pairs. Slice recordings showed CPNs were preferentially connected to CPNs, demonstrating the existence of projection target-dependent fine-scale subnetworks. Collectively, our results suggest that long-range projection target predicts response properties and local connectivity of cortical projection neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta M Hagihara
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Ayako Wendy Ishikawa
- Division of Visual Information Processing, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yoshimura
- Division of Visual Information Processing, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tagawa
- Department of Biophysics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Science, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ohki
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,Department of Physiology, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Conde-Ocazionez SA, Jungen C, Wunderle T, Eriksson D, Neuenschwander S, Schmidt KE. Callosal Influence on Visual Receptive Fields Has an Ocular, an Orientation-and Direction Bias. Front Syst Neurosci 2018; 12:11. [PMID: 29713267 PMCID: PMC5911488 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One leading hypothesis on the nature of visual callosal connections (CC) is that they replicate features of intrahemispheric lateral connections. However, CC act also in the central part of the binocular visual field. In agreement, early experiments in cats indicated that they provide the ipsilateral eye part of binocular receptive fields (RFs) at the vertical midline (Berlucchi and Rizzolatti, 1968), and play a key role in stereoscopic function. But until today callosal inputs to receptive fields activated by one or both eyes were never compared simultaneously, because callosal function has been often studied by cutting or lesioning either corpus callosum or optic chiasm not allowing such a comparison. To investigate the functional contribution of CC in the intact cat visual system we recorded both monocular and binocular neuronal spiking responses and receptive fields in the 17/18 transition zone during reversible deactivation of the contralateral hemisphere. Unexpectedly from many of the previous reports, we observe no change in ocular dominance during CC deactivation. Throughout the transition zone, a majority of RFs shrink, but several also increase in size. RFs are significantly more affected for ipsi- as opposed to contralateral stimulation, but changes are also observed with binocular stimulation. Noteworthy, RF shrinkages are tiny and not correlated to the profound decreases of monocular and binocular firing rates. They depend more on orientation and direction preference than on eccentricity or ocular dominance of the receiving neuron's RF. Our findings confirm that in binocularly viewing mammals, binocular RFs near the midline are constructed via the direct geniculo-cortical pathway. They also support the idea that input from the two eyes complement each other through CC: Rather than linking parts of RFs separated by the vertical meridian, CC convey a modulatory influence, reflecting the feature selectivity of lateral circuits, with a strong cardinal bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christiane Jungen
- Department of Cardiology and Electrophysiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wunderle
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David Eriksson
- Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin E. Schmidt
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Conde-Ocazionez S, Altavini TS, Wunderle T, Schmidt KE. Motion contrast in primary visual cortex: a direct comparison of single neuron and population encoding. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 47:358-369. [PMID: 29178660 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Features from outside the classical receptive field (CRF) can modulate the stimulus-driven activity of single cells in the primary visual cortex. This modulation, mediated by horizontal and feedback networks, has been extensively described as a variation of firing rate and is considered the basis of processing features as, for example, motion contrast. However, surround influences have also been identified in pairwise spiking or local field coherence. Yet, evidence about co-existence and integration of different neural signatures remains elusive. To compare multiple signatures, we recorded spiking and LFP activity evoked by stimuli exhibiting a motion contrast in the CRFs surround in anesthetized cat primary visual cortex. We chose natural-like scenes over gratings to avoid predominance of simple visual features, which could be easily represented by a rate code. We analyzed firing rates and phase-locking to low-gamma frequency in single cells and neuronal assemblies. Motion contrast was reflected in all measures but in semi-independent populations. Whereas activation of assemblies accompanied single neuron rates, their phase relations were modulated differently. Interestingly, only assembly phase relations mirrored the direction of movement of the surround and were selectively affected by thermal deactivation of visual interhemispheric connections. We argue that motion contrast can be reflected in complementary and superimposed neuronal signatures that can represent different surround features in independent neuronal populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Conde-Ocazionez
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59056-450, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Edson Queiroz Foundation, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Tiago S Altavini
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59056-450, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Wunderle
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kerstin E Schmidt
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59056-450, Natal, RN, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Meissner TW, Friedrich P, Ocklenburg S, Genç E, Weigelt S. Tracking the Functional Development of the Corpus Callosum in Children Using Behavioral and Evoked Potential Interhemispheric Transfer Times. Dev Neuropsychol 2017; 42:172-186. [PMID: 28498015 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2017.1315582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Visual functions requiring interhemispheric transfer exhibit a long developmental trajectory up to age 12, which might be constrained by corpus callosum maturation. Here, we use electrophysiological and behavioral crossed-uncrossed differences (CUDs) in a visual Poffenberger paradigm to estimate the interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT)-a measure of corpus callosum maturation-in 7-year-old children and adults. Adults' electrophysiological CUDs were faster than 7-year-olds'. Behavioral CUDs did not differ and proved to be unreliable in a 6-month follow-up test. These findings suggest that the corpus callosum still undergoes development at the age of 7 that can only reliably be traced with neuroscientific methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias W Meissner
- a Department of Psychology, Developmental Neuropsychology , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Patrick Friedrich
- b Department of Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience , Biopsychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Sebastian Ocklenburg
- b Department of Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience , Biopsychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Erhan Genç
- b Department of Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience , Biopsychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Sarah Weigelt
- a Department of Psychology, Developmental Neuropsychology , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Selective interhemispheric circuits account for a cardinal bias in spontaneous activity within early visual areas. Neuroimage 2017; 146:971-982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
11
|
Restani L, Caleo M. Reorganization of Visual Callosal Connections Following Alterations of Retinal Input and Brain Damage. Front Syst Neurosci 2016; 10:86. [PMID: 27895559 PMCID: PMC5107575 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vision is a very important sensory modality in humans. Visual disorders are numerous and arising from diverse and complex causes. Deficits in visual function are highly disabling from a social point of view and in addition cause a considerable economic burden. For all these reasons there is an intense effort by the scientific community to gather knowledge on visual deficit mechanisms and to find possible new strategies for recovery and treatment. In this review, we focus on an important and sometimes neglected player of the visual function, the corpus callosum (CC). The CC is the major white matter structure in the brain and is involved in information processing between the two hemispheres. In particular, visual callosal connections interconnect homologous areas of visual cortices, binding together the two halves of the visual field. This interhemispheric communication plays a significant role in visual cortical output. Here, we will first review the essential literature on the physiology of the callosal connections in normal vision. The available data support the view that the callosum contributes to both excitation and inhibition to the target hemisphere, with a dynamic adaptation to the strength of the incoming visual input. Next, we will focus on data showing how callosal connections may sense visual alterations and respond to the classical paradigm for the study of visual plasticity, i.e., monocular deprivation (MD). This is a prototypical example of a model for the study of callosal plasticity in pathological conditions (e.g., strabismus and amblyopia) characterized by unbalanced input from the two eyes. We will also discuss the findings of callosal alterations in blind subjects. Noteworthy, we will discuss data showing that inter-hemispheric transfer mediates recovery of visual responsiveness following cortical damage. Finally, we will provide an overview of how callosal projections dysfunction could contribute to pathologies such as neglect and occipital epilepsy. A particular focus will be on reviewing noninvasive brain stimulation techniques and optogenetic approaches that allow to selectively manipulate callosal function and to probe its involvement in cortical processing and plasticity. Overall, the data indicate that experience can potently impact on transcallosal connectivity, and that the callosum itself is crucial for plasticity and recovery in various disorders of the visual pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Restani
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR) Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Caleo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR) Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Altered recovery from inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in subjects with photosensitive epilepsy. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:3353-61. [PMID: 27407061 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate functional changes underlying photosensitivity, we studied the response of the visual cortex to low-frequency, inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in drug-free patients with photosensitive seizures and healthy volunteers. METHODS Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) triggered by grating stimuli of different contrasts were recorded in both hemispheres before and after transient functional inactivation of the occipital cortex of one side via low-frequency rTMS (0.5Hz for 20'). VEPs were recorded before (T0), immediately after (T1) and 45' following the completion of rTMS (T2). RESULTS Baseline amplitudes of the early VEP components (N1 and P1) were enhanced in photosensitive patients. At T1, rTMS produced an inhibitory effect on VEPs amplitudes at all contrasts in the targeted side and a concurrent facilitation of responses in the contralateral hemisphere. Compared with PSE subjects, VEP amplitudes remained persistently dampened in the stimulated hemisphere of controls (Holm-Sidak post-hoc method, p<0.05). In the contralateral hemisphere, we found a clear enhancement of VEP amplitude in photosensitive subjects but not controls at T2 (Holm-Sidak test, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Visual responses recovered more quickly in the stimulated hemisphere, and disinhibition persisted in the contralateral side of photosensitive subjects. SIGNIFICANCE The rapid recovery of excitability and the persistent transcallosal disinhibition following perturbation of cortical activity may play a role in the pathophysiology of photosensitive epilepsy.
Collapse
|
13
|
Koepcke L, Ashida G, Kretzberg J. Single and Multiple Change Point Detection in Spike Trains: Comparison of Different CUSUM Methods. Front Syst Neurosci 2016; 10:51. [PMID: 27445714 PMCID: PMC4916211 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a natural environment, sensory systems are faced with ever-changing stimuli that can occur, disappear or change their properties at any time. For the animal to react adequately the sensory systems must be able to detect changes in external stimuli based on its neuronal responses. Since the nervous system has no prior knowledge of the stimulus timing, changes in stimulus need to be inferred from the changes in neuronal activity, in particular increase or decrease of the spike rate, its variability, and shifted response latencies. From a mathematical point of view, this problem can be rephrased as detecting changes of statistical properties in a time series. In neuroscience, the CUSUM (cumulative sum) method has been applied to recorded neuronal responses for detecting a single stimulus change. Here, we investigate the applicability of the CUSUM approach for detecting single as well as multiple stimulus changes that induce increases or decreases in neuronal activity. Like the nervous system, our algorithm relies exclusively on previous neuronal population activities, without using knowledge about the timing or number of external stimulus changes. We apply our change point detection methods to experimental data obtained by multi-electrode recordings from turtle retinal ganglion cells, which react to changes in light stimulation with a range of typical neuronal activity patterns. We systematically examine how variations of mathematical assumptions (Poisson, Gaussian, and Gamma distributions) used for the algorithms may affect the detection of an unknown number of stimulus changes in our data and compare these CUSUM methods with the standard Rate Change method. Our results suggest which versions of the CUSUM algorithm could be useful for different types of specific data sets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Koepcke
- Computational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Oldenburg Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Go Ashida
- Computational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of OldenburgOldenburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4All", University of OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Kretzberg
- Computational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of OldenburgOldenburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4All", University of OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bocci T, Caleo M, Vannini B, Vergari M, Cogiamanian F, Rossi S, Priori A, Sartucci F. An unexpected target of spinal direct current stimulation: Interhemispheric connectivity in humans. J Neurosci Methods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
15
|
Input and output gain modulation by the lateral interhemispheric network in early visual cortex. J Neurosci 2015; 35:7682-94. [PMID: 25995459 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4154-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the cerebral cortex are constantly integrating different types of inputs. Dependent on their origin, these inputs can be modulatory in many ways and, for example, change the neuron's responsiveness, sensitivity, or selectivity. To investigate the modulatory role of lateral input from the same level of cortical hierarchy, we recorded in the primary visual cortex of cats while controlling synaptic input from the corresponding contralateral hemisphere by reversible deactivation. Most neurons showed a pronounced decrease in their response to a visual stimulus of different contrasts and orientations. This indicates that the lateral network acts via an unspecific gain-setting mechanism, scaling the output of a neuron. However, the interhemispheric input also changed the contrast sensitivity of many neurons, thereby acting on the input. Such a contrast gain mechanism has important implications because it extends the role of the lateral network from pure response amplification to the modulation of a specific feature. Interestingly, for many neurons, we found a mixture of input and output gain modulation. Based on these findings and the known physiology of callosal connections in the visual system, we developed a simple model of lateral interhemispheric interactions. We conclude that the lateral network can act directly on its target, leading to a sensitivity change of a specific feature, while at the same time it also can act indirectly, leading to an unspecific gain setting. The relative contribution of these direct and indirect network effects determines the outcome for a particular neuron.
Collapse
|
16
|
Schumacher J, Wunderle T, Fries P, Jäkel F, Pipa G. A Statistical Framework to Infer Delay and Direction of Information Flow from Measurements of Complex Systems. Neural Comput 2015; 27:1555-608. [PMID: 26079751 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In neuroscience, data are typically generated from neural network activity. The resulting time series represent measurements from spatially distributed subsystems with complex interactions, weakly coupled to a high-dimensional global system. We present a statistical framework to estimate the direction of information flow and its delay in measurements from systems of this type. Informed by differential topology, gaussian process regression is employed to reconstruct measurements of putative driving systems from measurements of the driven systems. These reconstructions serve to estimate the delay of the interaction by means of an analytical criterion developed for this purpose. The model accounts for a range of possible sources of uncertainty, including temporally evolving intrinsic noise, while assuming complex nonlinear dependencies. Furthermore, we show that if information flow is delayed, this approach also allows for inference in strong coupling scenarios of systems exhibiting synchronization phenomena. The validity of the method is demonstrated with a variety of delay-coupled chaotic oscillators. In addition, we show that these results seamlessly transfer to local field potentials in cat visual cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schumacher
- Neuroinformatics Department, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück D-49069, Germany
| | - Thomas Wunderle
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt D-60528 Germany
| | - Pascal Fries
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt D-60528 Germany
| | - Frank Jäkel
- Neuroinformatics Department, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück D-49069, Germany
| | - Gordon Pipa
- Neuroinformatics Department, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück D-49069, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mottron L, Duret P, Mueller S, Moore RD, Forgeot d'Arc B, Jacquemont S, Xiong L. Sex differences in brain plasticity: a new hypothesis for sex ratio bias in autism. Mol Autism 2015; 6:33. [PMID: 26052415 PMCID: PMC4456778 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-015-0024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Several observations support the hypothesis that differences in synaptic and regional cerebral plasticity between the sexes account for the high ratio of males to females in autism. First, males are more susceptible than females to perturbations in genes involved in synaptic plasticity. Second, sex-related differences in non-autistic brain structure and function are observed in highly variable regions, namely, the heteromodal associative cortices, and overlap with structural particularities and enhanced activity of perceptual associative regions in autistic individuals. Finally, functional cortical reallocations following brain lesions in non-autistic adults (for example, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis) are sex-dependent. Interactions between genetic sex and hormones may therefore result in higher synaptic and consecutively regional plasticity in perceptual brain areas in males than in females. The onset of autism may largely involve mutations altering synaptic plasticity that create a plastic reaction affecting the most variable and sexually dimorphic brain regions. The sex ratio bias in autism may arise because males have a lower threshold than females for the development of this plastic reaction following a genetic or environmental event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Mottron
- Centre d'excellence en Troubles envahissants du dévelopement de l'Université de Montréal (CETEDUM), Montréal, Canada.,Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Département de Psychiatrie, Montréal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pauline Duret
- Centre d'excellence en Troubles envahissants du dévelopement de l'Université de Montréal (CETEDUM), Montréal, Canada.,Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Département de Psychiatrie, Montréal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, CEDEX 07 France
| | - Sophia Mueller
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, University Hospitals, Munich, Germany.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA.,Harvard University, Center for Brain Science, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Robert D Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Baudouin Forgeot d'Arc
- Centre d'excellence en Troubles envahissants du dévelopement de l'Université de Montréal (CETEDUM), Montréal, Canada.,Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Département de Psychiatrie, Montréal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sebastien Jacquemont
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine, Montréal, Canada.,Service of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1011 Switzerland
| | - Lan Xiong
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wilkinson N, Metta G. Bilateral gain control; an "innate predisposition" for all sorts of things. Front Neurorobot 2014; 8:9. [PMID: 24611045 PMCID: PMC3933809 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2014.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Empirical studies have revealed remarkable perceptual organization in neonates. Newborn behavioral distinctions have often been interpreted as implying functionally specific modular adaptations, and are widely cited as evidence supporting the nativist agenda. In this theoretical paper, we approach newborn perception and attention from an embodied, developmental perspective. At the mechanistic level, we argue that a generative mechanism based on mutual gain control between bilaterally corresponding points may underly a number of functionally defined “innate predispositions” related to spatial-configural perception. At the computational level, bilateral gain control implements beamforming, which enables spatial-configural tuning at the front end sampling stage. At the psychophysical level, we predict that selective attention in newborns will favor contrast energy which projects to bilaterally corresponding points on the neonate subject's sensor array. The current work extends and generalizes previous work to formalize the bilateral correlation model of newborn attention at a high level, and demonstrate in minimal agent-based simulations how bilateral gain control can enable a simple, robust and “social” attentional bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgio Metta
- iCub Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova, Italy ; Centre for Robotics and Neural Systems, University of Plymouth Plymouth, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bocci T, Pietrasanta M, Cerri C, Restani L, Caleo M, Sartucci F. Visual callosal connections: role in visual processing in health and disease. Rev Neurosci 2014; 25:113-27. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2013-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
20
|
Innocenti GM, Vercelli A, Caminiti R. The diameter of cortical axons depends both on the area of origin and target. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 24:2178-88. [PMID: 23529006 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In primates, different cortical areas send axons of different diameters into comparable tracts, notably the corpus callosum (Tomasi S, Caminiti R, Innocenti GM. 2012. Areal differences in diameter and length of corticofugal projections. Cereb Cortex. 22:1463-1472). We now explored if an area also sends axons of different diameters to different targets. We find that the parietal area PEc sends thicker axons to area 4 and 6, and thinner ones to the cingulate region (area 24). Areas 4 and 9, each sends axons of different diameters to the nucleus caudatus, to different levels of the internal capsule, and to the thalamus. The internal capsule receives the thickest axon, followed by thalamus and nucleus caudatus. The 2 areas (4 and 9) differ in the diameter and length of axons to corresponding targets. We calculated how diameter determines conduction velocity of the axons and together with pathway length determines transmission delays between different brain sites. We propose that projections from and within the cerebral cortex consist of a complex system of lines of communication with different geometrical and time computing properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy and
| | - Roberto Caminiti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The visual callosal connection: a connection like any other? Neural Plast 2013; 2013:397176. [PMID: 23634306 PMCID: PMC3619632 DOI: 10.1155/2013/397176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work about the role of visual callosal connections in ferrets and cats is reviewed, and morphological and functional homologies between the lateral intrinsic and callosal network in early visual areas are discussed. Both networks selectively link distributed neuronal groups with similar response properties, and the actions exerted by callosal input reflect the functional topography of those networks. This supports the notion that callosal connections perpetuate the function of the lateral intrahemispheric circuit onto the other hemisphere. Reversible deactivation studies indicate that the main action of visual callosal input is a multiplicative shift of responses rather than a changing response selectivity. Both the gain of that action and its excitatory-inhibitory balance seem to be dynamically adapted to the feedforward drive by the visual stimulus onto primary visual cortex. Taken together anatomical and functional evidence from corticocortical and lateral circuits further leads to the conclusion that visual callosal connections share more features with lateral intrahemispheric connections on the same hierarchical level and less with feedback connections. I propose that experimental results about the callosal circuit in early visual areas can be interpreted with respect to lateral connectivity in general.
Collapse
|