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Zheng Y, Li F, Zhao C, Zhu J, Fang Y, Hang Y, Hu L. Analysis and application of volatile metabolic profiles of Escherichia coli: a preliminary GC-IMS-based study. RSC Adv 2024; 14:25316-25328. [PMID: 39139224 PMCID: PMC11320052 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03601h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infections caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) may pose serious risks to patients, and early identification of pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivity results can improve patient prognosis. In this study, we clarified the composition and relative content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated by E. coli in tryptic soy broth (TSB) using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). We explored whether imipenem (IPM) could be utilized to differentiate between carbapenem-sensitive E. coli (CSEC) and carbapenem-resistant E. coli (CREC). The results revealed that 36 VOCs (alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, ketones, pyrazines, heterocyclic compounds, and unknown compounds) were detected using GC-IMS. Besides, the results indicated that changes in the relative content of VOCs as well as changes in the signal intensity of fingerprints were able to assess the growth state of bacteria during bacterial growth and help identify E. coli. Lastly, under selective pressure of IPM, volatile fingerprints of E. coli could be employed as a model to distinguish CSEC from CREC strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University Minde Road No. 1 Nanchang 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Fuxing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University Minde Road No. 1 Nanchang 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Chuwen Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University Minde Road No. 1 Nanchang 330006 Jiangxi China
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Junqi Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University Minde Road No. 1 Nanchang 330006 Jiangxi China
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Youling Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University Minde Road No. 1 Nanchang 330006 Jiangxi China
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Yaping Hang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University Minde Road No. 1 Nanchang 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Longhua Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University Minde Road No. 1 Nanchang 330006 Jiangxi China
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2
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Wang H, Xue X, Nan X, Zhai J. A comparison of the performance of bacterial biofilters and fungal-bacterial coupled biofilters in BTE p-X removal. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17452. [PMID: 38903883 PMCID: PMC11188933 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Conventional biofilters, which rely on bacterial activity, face challenges in eliminating hydrophobic compounds, such as aromatic compounds. This is due to the low solubility of these compounds in water, which makes them difficult to absorb by bacterial biofilms. Furthermore, biofilter operational stability is often hampered by acidification and drying out of the filter bed. Methods Two bioreactors, a bacterial biofilter (B-BF) and a fungal-bacterial coupled biofilter (F&B-BF) were inoculated with activated sludge from the secondary sedimentation tank of the Sinopec Yangzi Petrochemical Company wastewater treatment plant located in Nanjing, China. For approximately 6 months of operation, a F&B-BF was more effective than a B-BF in eliminating a gas-phase mixture containing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and para-xylene (BTEp-X). Results After operating for four months, the F&B-BF showed higher removal efficiencies for toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E), benzene (B), and para-X (p-Xylene), at 96.9%, 92.6%, 83.9%, and 83.8%, respectively, compared to those of the B-BF (90.1%, 78.7%, 64.8%, and 59.3%). The degradation activity order for B-BF and F&B-BF was T > E > B > p-X. Similarly, the rates of mineralization for BTEp-X in the F&B-BF were 74.9%, 66.5%, 55.3%, and 45.1%, respectively, which were higher than those in the B-BF (56.5%, 50.8%, 43.8%, and 30.5%). Additionally, the F&B-BF (2 days) exhibited faster recovery rates than the B-BF (5 days). Conclusions It was found that a starvation protocol was beneficial for the stable operation of both the B-BF and F&B-BF. Community structure analysis showed that the bacterial genus Pseudomonas and the fungal genus Phialophora were both important in the degradation of BTEp-X. The fungal-bacterial consortia can enhance the biofiltration removal of BTEp-X vapors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Gansu Forestry Polytechnic, Tianshui, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xue
- School of Environmental Engineering, Gansu Forestry Polytechnic, Tianshui, China
| | - Xujun Nan
- School of Environmental Engineering, Gansu Forestry Polytechnic, Tianshui, China
| | - Jian Zhai
- School of Environmental Engineering, Gansu Forestry Polytechnic, Tianshui, China
- Department of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Shanghai Publishing and Printing College, Shanghai, China
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3
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Almeida OGG, Pereira MG, Bighetti-Trevisan RL, Santos ES, De Campos EG, Felis GE, Guimarães LHS, Polizeli MLTM, De Martinis BS, De Martinis ECP. Investigating luxS gene expression in lactobacilli along lab-scale cocoa fermentations. Food Microbiol 2024; 119:104429. [PMID: 38225038 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Previous metagenomic analyses have suggested that lactobacilli present potential for Quorum Sensing (QS) in cocoa fermentation, and in the present research, laboratory scale fermentations were carried out to monitor the expression of luxS, a universal marker of QS. For that, 96 h-fermentations were studied, as follows: F0 (non inoculated control), F1 (inoculated with yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, and acetic acid bacteria), F2 (inoculated with yeasts and acetic acid bacteria), F3 (inoculated with yeasts only). The parameters evaluated were: plate counting, quantification of key enzymes and analysis of volatile organic compounds associated with key sensory descriptors, using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Furthermore, QS was estimated by the quantification of the expression of luxS genes by Reverse Transcriptase Real-Time PCR. The results demonstrated that microbial succession occurred in pilot scale fermentations, but no statistical differences for microbial enumeration and α-diversity index were observed among experiments and control. Moreover, it was not possible to make conclusive correlations of enzymatic profile and fermenting microbiota, likely due to the intrinsic activity of plant hydrolases. Regarding to the expression of luxS genes, in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum they were active along the fermentation, but for Limosilactobacillus fermentum, luxS was expressed only at early and middle phases. Correlation analysis of luxS expression and production of volatile metabolites evidenced a possible negative association of Lp. Plantarum with fermentation quality. In conclusion, these data corroborate former shotgun metagenomic analysis by demonstrating the expression of luxS by lactobacilli in pilot scale cocoa fermentation and evidence Lp. Plantarum is the main lactic acid bacteria related to its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G G Almeida
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Brazil
| | - M G Pereira
- Universidade Do Estado de Minas Gerais, Unidade Passos, Brazil
| | - R L Bighetti-Trevisan
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia Básica e Oral, Brazil
| | - E S Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Brazil
| | - E G De Campos
- Appalachian State University, Department of Chemistry and Fermentation Sciences, Boone, NC, United States; Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Química, Brazil
| | - G E Felis
- University of Verona, Department of Biotechnology, Verona, Italy
| | - L H S Guimarães
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia, Brazil
| | - M L T M Polizeli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia, Brazil
| | - B S De Martinis
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Química, Brazil
| | - E C P De Martinis
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Brazil.
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Mao J, Atwa Y, Wu Z, McNeill D, Shakeel H. Identification of Different Classes of VOCs Based on Optical Emission Spectra Using a Dielectric Barrier Helium Plasma Coupled with a Mini Spectrometer. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2024; 4:201-212. [PMID: 38645576 PMCID: PMC11027204 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a micro helium dielectric barrier discharge (μHDBD) plasma device fabricated using 3D printing and molding techniques was coupled with a mini spectrometer to detect and identify different classes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using optical emission spectrometry (OES). We tested 11 VOCs belonging to three different classes (straight-chain alkanes, aromatics, and polar organic compounds). Our results clearly demonstrate that the optical emission spectra of different classes of VOCs show clear differences, and therefore, can be used for identification. Additionally, the emission spectra of VOCs with a similar structure (such as n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, and n-nonane) have similar optical emission spectrum shape. Acetone and ethanol also have similar emission wavelengths, but they show different line intensities for the same concentrations. We also found that the side-chain group of aromatics will also affect the emission spectra even though they have a similar structure (all have a benzene ring). Moreover, our μHDBD-OES system can also identify multiple compounds in VOC mixtures. Our work also demonstrates the possibility of identifying different classes of VOCs by the OES shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqin Mao
- School
of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Yahya Atwa
- School
of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Zhenxun Wu
- Queen’s
Business School, Queen’s University
Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - David McNeill
- School
of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Hamza Shakeel
- School
of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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5
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Rana A, Sudakov K, Carmeli S, Miyara SB, Bucki P, Minz D. Volatile organic compounds of the soil bacterium Bacillus halotolerans suppress pathogens and elicit defense-responsive genes in plants. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127611. [PMID: 38228018 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by bacteria play an important, yet relatively unexplored role in interactions between plants and phytopathogens. In this study, the soil bacterium Bacillus halotolerans NYG5 was identified as a potent biocontrol agent against several phytopathogenic fungi (Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) through the production of VOCs. NYG5-emitted VOCs also inhibited the growth of bacterial pathogens (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Xanthomonas campestris, Clavibacter michiganensis, and Pseudomonas syringae). When cultured in various growth media, NYG5 produced a variety of VOCs. Five distinct VOCs (2-methylbutanoic acid, 5-methyl-2-hexanone, 2,3-hexanedione, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and 6-methyl-2-heptanone) were identified using headspace GC-MS. 2,3-Hexanedione exhibited potent lethal effects on the tested phytopathogens and nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne javanica at a concentration of 50 ppm. In addition, 0.05 ppm 2,3-hexanedione stimulated the expression of pathogenesis-related genes 1 and 2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Interestingly, 2,3-hexanedione is used as a food additive at higher concentrations than those tested in this study. Hence, 2,3-hexanedione is a promising biologically active compound that might serve as a sustainable alternative to common chemical pesticides and an elicitor of plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Rana
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel; Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Kobi Sudakov
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel; Department of Agroecology and Plant Health, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shmuel Carmeli
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sigal Brown Miyara
- Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Patricia Bucki
- Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dror Minz
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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6
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Żuchowska K, Filipiak W. Modern approaches for detection of volatile organic compounds in metabolic studies focusing on pathogenic bacteria: Current state of the art. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100898. [PMID: 38634063 PMCID: PMC11022102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms produce numerous metabolites, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Monitoring these metabolites in biological matrices (e.g., urine, blood, or breath) can reveal the presence of specific microorganisms, enabling the early diagnosis of infections and the timely implementation of targeted therapy. However, complex matrices only contain trace levels of VOCs, and their constituent components can hinder determination of these compounds. Therefore, modern analytical techniques enabling the non-invasive identification and precise quantification of microbial VOCs are needed. In this paper, we discuss bacterial VOC analysis under in vitro conditions, in animal models and disease diagnosis in humans, including techniques for offline and online analysis in clinical settings. We also consider the advantages and limitations of novel microextraction techniques used to prepare biological samples for VOC analysis, in addition to reviewing current clinical studies on bacterial volatilomes that address inter-species interactions, the kinetics of VOC metabolism, and species- and drug-resistance specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Żuchowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Filipiak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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7
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Rosenthal K, Lindley MR, Turner MA, Ratcliffe E, Hunsicker E. Current data processing methods and reporting standards for untargeted analysis of volatile organic compounds using direct mass spectrometry: a systematic review. Metabolomics 2024; 20:42. [PMID: 38491298 PMCID: PMC10942920 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Untargeted direct mass spectrometric analysis of volatile organic compounds has many potential applications across fields such as healthcare and food safety. However, robust data processing protocols must be employed to ensure that research is replicable and practical applications can be realised. User-friendly data processing and statistical tools are becoming increasingly available; however, the use of these tools have neither been analysed, nor are they necessarily suited for every data type. OBJECTIVES This review aims to analyse data processing and analytic workflows currently in use and examine whether methodological reporting is sufficient to enable replication. METHODS Studies identified from Web of Science and Scopus databases were systematically examined against the inclusion criteria. The experimental, data processing, and data analysis workflows were reviewed for the relevant studies. RESULTS From 459 studies identified from the databases, a total of 110 met the inclusion criteria. Very few papers provided enough detail to allow all aspects of the methodology to be replicated accurately, with only three meeting previous guidelines for reporting experimental methods. A wide range of data processing methods were used, with only eight papers (7.3%) employing a largely similar workflow where direct comparability was achievable. CONCLUSIONS Standardised workflows and reporting systems need to be developed to ensure research in this area is replicable, comparable, and held to a high standard. Thus, allowing the wide-ranging potential applications to be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rosenthal
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - M R Lindley
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - M A Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - E Ratcliffe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - E Hunsicker
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Zhang F, Wen S, Wang B, Zhang Z, Liu F, Ye T, Wang K, Hu H, Yang X, Fang W. Biocontrol Potential of Streptomyces odonnellii SZF-179 toward Alternaria alternata to Control Pear Black Spot Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17515. [PMID: 38139343 PMCID: PMC10744222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pear black spot disease, caused by Alternaria alternata, is a devastating disease in pears and leads to enormous economic losses worldwide. In this investigation, we isolated a Streptomyces odonnellii SZF-179 from the rhizosphere soil of pear plants in China. Indoor confrontation experiments results showed that both SZF-179 and its aseptic filtrate had excellent inhibitory effects against A. alternata. Afterwards, the main antifungal compound of SZF-179 was identified as polyene, with thermal and pH stability in the environment. A microscopic examination of A. alternata mycelium showed severe morphological abnormalities caused by SZF-179. Protective studies showed that SZF-179 fermentation broth could significantly reduce the diameter of the necrotic lesions on pear leaves by 42.25%. Furthermore, the potential of fermentation broth as a foliar treatment to control black leaf spot was also evaluated. Disease indexes of 'Hosui' and 'Wonwhang' pear plants treated with SZF-179 fermentation broth were lower than that of control plants. Overall, SZF-179 is expected to be developed into a safe and broad-spectrum biocontrol agent. No studies to date have evaluated the utility of S. odonnellii for the control of pear black spot disease; our study fills this research gap. Collectively, our findings provide new insights that will aid the control of pear black spot disease, as well as future studies of S. odonnellii strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Shaohua Wen
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Beibei Wang
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Zhe Zhang
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Fang Liu
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Ting Ye
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Kaimei Wang
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongju Hu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Research Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Research Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Wei Fang
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.)
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9
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Ma YJ, Zhou T, Jiang W, Zhu BW, Du M, Xu XB. Balanced extraction of volatile and semi-volatile compounds by dynamic linked position unity solid-phase microextraction. Food Chem 2023; 407:135160. [PMID: 36508869 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the compound profiles in extracts are linked to the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) position (headspace or liquid), a theoretical interpretation of this scenario has not yet been provided. In this study, the dynamic linked position unity (DLPU)-SPME is proposed as a method that allows balanced extraction of volatile and semi-volatile compounds. Furthermore, the pH, temperature, and salt were confirmed as the key factors affecting the extraction efficiency of DLPU-SPME. Theoretical calculations indicated that Kfs0Kfs is a key factor directly indicating the SPME extraction position (Kfs0Kfs > 1, headspace; Kfs0Kfs = 1, any position; Kfs0Kfs < 1, in liquid), while the target analytes determined that VhKhs+VsVeKfhKhs regulates the effect of the extraction position on the extracted amount. The proposed DLPU-SPME method containing both extraction positions (i.e., headspace and liquid) can simultaneously extract volatile and semi-volatile compounds, thus avoiding extraction bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jiao Ma
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Bing Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Luo H, Hang Y, Zhu H, Zhong Q, Peng S, Gu S, Fang X, Hu L. Rapid Identification of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Combined with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:2601-2609. [PMID: 37152404 PMCID: PMC10162101 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s404742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is an unprecedented threat to public health, and its detection remains challenging. Analysis of microbial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may offer a rapid way to determine bacterial antibiotic susceptibility. Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the VOCs released by carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) using headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). Methods Test bacteria were incubated in trypticase soy broth to the end of exponential growth phase, and imipenem was added in the middle time. Headspace VOCs were concentrated and analyzed using HS-SPME/GC-MS. Results The compound 3-methyl-1-butanol was found to be a biomarker among the 26 bacterial isolates (10 KPC-positive, 10 NDM-positive, 2 IMP-positive, 2 carbapenemase-negative CRKP, and 2 carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumonoiae). Conclusion This study explored a promising new strategy for the screening of carbapenemase-producing CRKP strains. Further research with larger sample sizes will potentially accelerate the application of biomarkers in routine microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaping Hang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongying Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory of Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoshi Zhong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suqin Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shumin Gu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueyao Fang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longhua Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Ding Q, Zhang W, Guo Y, Wang J, Chen H, Zhang L. β-Lactamase Sensitive Probe for Rapid Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria with Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6098-6106. [PMID: 36972326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactamase (Bla) produced by bacteria to resist β-lactam antibiotics is a serious public health threat. Developing efficient diagnostic protocols for drug-resistant bacteria is of great significance. In this work, based on gas molecules in bacteria, a novel research strategy was proposed to develop a gas molecule-based probe by grafting 2-methyl-3-mercaptofuran (MF) onto cephalosporin intermediates via a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The probe can release the corresponding MF by reacting with Bla. The released MF, as a marker of drug-resistant bacteria, was analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Bla concentration as low as 0.2 nM can be easily observed, providing an efficient method for detecting enzyme activity and screening drug-resistant strains in vivo. Importantly, the method is universal, and probes with different properties can be prepared by changing different substrates to further identify different types of bacteria, thereby broadening the research methods and ideas for monitoring physiological processes.
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12
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Ahmed WM, Fenn D, White IR, Dixon B, Nijsen TME, Knobel HH, Brinkman P, Van Oort PMP, Schultz MJ, Dark P, Goodacre R, Felton T, Bos LDJ, Fowler SJ. Microbial Volatiles as Diagnostic Biomarkers of Bacterial Lung Infection in Mechanically Ventilated Patients. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:1059-1066. [PMID: 36310531 PMCID: PMC10029988 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early and accurate recognition of respiratory pathogens is crucial to prevent increased risk of mortality in critically ill patients. Microbial-derived volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) in exhaled breath could be used as noninvasive biomarkers of infection to support clinical diagnosis. METHODS In this study, we investigated the diagnostic potential of in vitro-confirmed mVOCs in the exhaled breath of patients under mechanical ventilation from the BreathDx study. Samples were analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Pathogens from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cultures were identified in 45 of 89 patients and Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly identified pathogen (n = 15). Of 19 mVOCs detected in the in vitro culture headspace of 4 common respiratory pathogens (S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli), 14 were found in exhaled breath samples. Higher concentrations of 2 mVOCs were found in the exhaled breath of patients infected with S. aureus compared to those without (3-methylbutanal: P < .01, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] = 0.81-0.87; and 3-methylbutanoic acid: P = .01, AUROC = 0.79-0.80). In addition, bacteria identified from BAL cultures that are known to metabolize tryptophan (E. coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Haemophilus influenzae) were grouped and found to produce higher concentrations of indole compared to breath samples with culture-negative (P = .034) and other pathogen-positive (P = .049) samples. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the capability of using mVOCs to detect the presence of specific pathogen groups with potential to support clinical diagnosis. Although not all mVOCs were found in patient samples within this small pilot study, further targeted and qualitative investigation is warranted using multicenter clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar M Ahmed
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Fenn
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC-location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iain R White
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Laboratory for Environmental and Life Science, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Breanna Dixon
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hugo H Knobel
- Eurofins Materials Science Netherlands BV, High Tech Campus, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Brinkman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC-location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pouline M P Van Oort
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus J Schultz
- Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Affairs, Hamilton Medical AG, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Paul Dark
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Critical Care Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Felton
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lieuwe D J Bos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC-location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stephen J Fowler
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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13
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Parmagnani AS, Kanchiswamy CN, Paponov IA, Bossi S, Malnoy M, Maffei ME. Bacterial Volatiles (mVOC) Emitted by the Phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora Promote Arabidopsis thaliana Growth and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030600. [PMID: 36978848 PMCID: PMC10045578 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogens are well known for their devastating activity that causes worldwide significant crop losses. However, their exploitation for crop welfare is relatively unknown. Here, we show that the microbial volatile organic compound (mVOC) profile of the bacterial phytopathogen, Erwinia amylovora, enhances Arabidopsis thaliana shoot and root growth. GC-MS head-space analyses revealed the presence of typical microbial volatiles, including 1-nonanol and 1-dodecanol. E. amylovora mVOCs triggered early signaling events including plasma transmembrane potential Vm depolarization, cytosolic Ca2+ fluctuation, K+-gated channel activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) burst from few minutes to 16 h upon exposure. These early events were followed by the modulation of the expression of genes involved in plant growth and defense responses and responsive to phytohormones, including abscisic acid, gibberellin, and auxin (including the efflux carriers PIN1 and PIN3). When tested, synthetic 1-nonanol and 1-dodecanol induced root growth and modulated genes coding for ROS. Our results show that E. amylovora mVOCs affect A. thaliana growth through a cascade of early and late signaling events that involve phytohormones and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra S. Parmagnani
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Ivan A. Paponov
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simone Bossi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-5967
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14
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Dias T, Santos VS, Zorgani T, Ferreiro N, Rodrigues AI, Zaghdoudi K, Veloso ACA, Peres AM. A Lab-Made E-Nose-MOS Device for Assessing the Bacterial Growth in a Solid Culture Medium. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:19. [PMID: 36671854 PMCID: PMC9855957 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The detection and level assessment of microorganisms is a practical quality/contamination indicator of food and water samples. Conventional analytical procedures (e.g., culture methods, immunological techniques, and polymerase chain reactions), while accurate and widely used, are time-consuming, costly, and generate a large amount of waste. Electronic noses (E-noses), combined with chemometrics, provide a direct, green, and non-invasive assessment of the volatile fraction without the need for sample pre-treatments. The unique olfactory fingerprint generated during each microorganism's growth can be a vehicle for its detection using gas sensors. A lab-made E-nose, comprising metal oxide semiconductor sensors was applied, to analyze solid medium containing Gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus) or Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. The electrical-resistance signals generated by the E-nose coupled with linear discriminant analysis allowed the discrimination of the four bacteria (90% of correct classifications for leave-one-out cross-validation). Furthermore, multiple linear regression models were also established allowing quantifying the number of colony-forming units (CFU) (0.9428 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.9946), with maximum root mean square errors lower than 4 CFU. Overall, the E-nose showed to be a powerful qualitative-quantitative device for bacteria preliminary analysis, being envisaged its possible application in solid food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Região de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Vítor S. Santos
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Região de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Sinop, Avenida Alexandre Ferronato, nº 1200, Bairro Residencial Cidade Jardim, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil
| | - Tarek Zorgani
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Região de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Département Génie Chimique, Université Libre de Tunis, Avenue Khéreddine—Pacha Tunis, 30, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Nuno Ferreiro
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Região de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Região de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Khalil Zaghdoudi
- Département Génie Chimique, Université Libre de Tunis, Avenue Khéreddine—Pacha Tunis, 30, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Ana C. A. Veloso
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ISEC, DEQB, Rua Pedro Nunes, Quinta da Nora, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António M. Peres
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Região de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Filipiak W, Żuchowska K, Marszałek M, Depka D, Bogiel T, Warmuzińska N, Bojko B. GC-MS profiling of volatile metabolites produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1019290. [PMID: 36330222 PMCID: PMC9623108 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1019290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently used methods for diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are complex, time-consuming and require invasive procedures while empirical antibacterial therapy applies broad spectrum antibiotics that may promote antimicrobial resistance. Hence, novel and fast methods based on alternative markers are needed for VAP detection and differentiation of causative pathogens. Pathogenic bacteria produce a broad range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), some of which may potentially serve as biomarkers for microorganism identification. Additionally, monitoring of dynamically changing VOCs concentration profiles may indicate emerging pneumonia and allow timely implementation of appropriate antimicrobial treatment. This study substantially extends the knowledge on bacterial metabolites providing the unambiguous identification of volatile metabolites produced by carbapenem-resistant and susceptible strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (confirmed with pure standards in addition to mass spectra match) but also revealing their temporary concentration profiles (along the course of pathogen proliferation) and dependence on the addition of antibiotic (imipenem) to bacteria. Furthermore, the clinical strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage specimens collected from mechanically ventilated patients were investigated to reveal, whether bacterial metabolites observed in model experiments with reference strains could be relevant for wild pathogens as well. In all experiments, the headspace samples from bacteria cultures were collected on multibed sorption tubes and analyzed by GC-MS. Sampling was done under strictly controlled conditions at seven time points (up to 24 h after bacteria inoculation) to follow the dynamic changes in VOC concentrations, revealing three profiles: release proportional to bacteria load, temporary maximum and uptake. Altogether 32 VOCs were released by susceptible and 25 VOCs by resistant strain, amongst which 2-pentanone, 2-heptanone, and 2-nonanone were significantly higher for carbapenem-resistant KPN. Considerably more metabolites (n = 64) were produced by clinical isolates and in higher diversity compared to reference KPN strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Filipiak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Wojciech Filipiak,
| | - Karolina Żuchowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Marszałek
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dagmara Depka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bogiel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Warmuzińska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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16
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Riu M, Kim MS, Choi SK, Oh SK, Ryu CM. Elicitation of Innate Immunity by a Bacterial Volatile 2-Nonanone at Levels below Detection Limit in Tomato Rhizosphere. Mol Cells 2022; 45:502-511. [PMID: 35791736 PMCID: PMC9260139 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs) exert beneficial effects on plant protection both directly and indirectly. Although BVCs have been detected in vitro, their detection in situ remains challenging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of BVCs detection under in situ condition and estimate the potentials of in situ BVC to plants at below detection limit. We developed a method for detecting BVCs released by the soil bacteria Bacillus velezensis strain GB03 and Streptomyces griseus strain S4-7 in situ using solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). Additionally, we evaluated the BVC detection limit in the rhizosphere and induction of systemic immune response in tomato plants grown in the greenhouse. Two signature BVCs, 2-nonanone and caryolan-1-ol, of GB03 and S4-7 respectively were successfully detected using the soil-vial system. However, these BVCs could not be detected in the rhizosphere pretreated with strains GB03 and S4-7. The detection limit of 2-nonanone in the tomato rhizosphere was 1 µM. Unexpectedly, drench application of 2-nonanone at 10 nM concentration, which is below its detection limit, protected tomato seedlings against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Our finding highlights that BVCs, including 2-nonanone, released by a soil bacterium are functional even when present at a concentration below the detection limit of SPME-GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoungjoo Riu
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Man Su Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Soo-Keun Choi
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Oh
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
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17
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Jayan H, Pu H, Sun DW. Detection of Bioactive Metabolites in Escherichia Coli Cultures Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 76:812-822. [PMID: 35255717 PMCID: PMC9277339 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221079661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Detection of bioactive metabolites produced by bacteria is important for identifying biomarkers for infectious diseases. In this study, a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based technique was developed for the detection of bioactive metabolite indole produced by Escherichia coli (E. coli) in biological media. The use of highly sensitive Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles resulted in the detection of indole concentration as low as 0.0886 mM in standard solution. The supplementation of growth media with 5 mM of exogenous tryptophan resulted in the production of a maximum yield of indole of 3.139 mM by E. coli O157:H7 at 37 °C. The growth of bacterial cells was reduced from 47.73 × 108 to 1.033 × 106 CFU/mL when the cells were grown in 0 and 10 mM exogenous tryptophan, respectively. The amount of indole in the Luria-Bertani (LB) media had an inverse correlation with the growth of cells, which resulted in a three-log reduction in the colony-forming unit when the indole concentration in the media was 20 times higher than normal. This work demonstrates that SERS is an effective and highly sensitive method for rapid detection of bioactive metabolites in biological matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heera Jayan
- School of Food Science and
Engineering, South China University of
Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Contemporary Food
Engineering, South China University of Technology,
Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering and Technological
Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control
of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for
Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega
Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Pu
- School of Food Science and
Engineering, South China University of
Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Contemporary Food
Engineering, South China University of Technology,
Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering and Technological
Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control
of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for
Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega
Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and
Engineering, South China University of
Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Contemporary Food
Engineering, South China University of Technology,
Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering and Technological
Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control
of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for
Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega
Centre, Guangzhou, China
- Food Refrigeration and Computerized
Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National
University of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Characterization of metabolite, genome and volatile organic compound changes provides insights into the spoilage and cold adaptive markers of Acinetobacter johnsonii XY27. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Veltman B, Harpaz D, Melamed S, Tietel Z, Tsror L, Eltzov E. Whole-cell bacterial biosensor for volatile detection from Pectobacterium-infected potatoes enables early identification of potato tuber soft rot disease. Talanta 2022; 247:123545. [PMID: 35597022 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Half of the harvested food is lost due to rots caused by microorganisms. Plants emit various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into their surrounding environment, and the VOC profiles of healthy crops are altered upon infection. In this study, a whole-cell bacterial biosensor was used for the early identification of potato tuber soft rot disease caused by the pectinolytic bacteria Pectobacterium in potato tubers. The detection is based on monitoring the luminescent responses of the bacteria panel to changes in the VOC profile following inoculation. First, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to specify the differences between the VOC patterns of the inoculated and non-inoculated potato tubers during early infection. Five VOCs were identified, 1-octanol, phenylethyl alcohol, 2-ethyl hexanol, nonanal, and 1-octen-3-ol. Then, the infection was detected by the bioreporter bacterial panel, firstly measured in a 96-well plate in solution, and then also tested in potato plugs and validated in whole tubers. Examination of the bacterial panel responses showed an extensive cytotoxic effect over the testing period, as seen by the elevated induction factor (IF) values in the bacterial strain TV1061 after exposure to both potato plugs and whole tubers. Moreover, quorum sensing influences were also observed by the elevated IF values in the bacterial strain K802NR. The developed whole-cell biosensor system based on bacterial detection will allow more efficient crop management during postharvest, storage, and transport of crops, to reduce food losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Veltman
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Dorin Harpaz
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Sarit Melamed
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, M.P, Negev, 8531100, Israel.
| | - Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, M.P, Negev, 8531100, Israel.
| | - Leah Tsror
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, M.P, Negev, 8531100, Israel.
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.
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20
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Arora M, Zambrzycki SC, Levy JM, Esper A, Frediani JK, Quave CL, Fernández FM, Kamaleswaran R. Machine Learning Approaches to Identify Discriminative Signatures of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Bacteria and Fungi Using SPME-DART-MS. Metabolites 2022; 12:232. [PMID: 35323675 PMCID: PMC8953436 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care screening tools are essential to expedite patient care and decrease reliance on slow diagnostic tools (e.g., microbial cultures) to identify pathogens and their associated antibiotic resistance. Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted from biological media has seen increased attention in recent years as a potential non-invasive diagnostic procedure. This work explores the use of solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and ambient plasma ionization mass spectrometry (MS) to rapidly acquire VOC signatures of bacteria and fungi. The MS spectrum of each pathogen goes through a preprocessing and feature extraction pipeline. Various supervised and unsupervised machine learning (ML) classification algorithms are trained and evaluated on the extracted feature set. These are able to classify the type of pathogen as bacteria or fungi with high accuracy, while marked progress is also made in identifying specific strains of bacteria. This study presents a new approach for the identification of pathogens from VOC signatures collected using SPME and ambient ionization MS by training classifiers on just a few samples of data. This ambient plasma ionization and ML approach is robust, rapid, precise, and can potentially be used as a non-invasive clinical diagnostic tool for point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Arora
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Stephen C. Zambrzycki
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (S.C.Z.); (F.M.F.)
| | - Joshua M. Levy
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Annette Esper
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Frediani
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Cassandra L. Quave
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (S.C.Z.); (F.M.F.)
| | - Rishikesan Kamaleswaran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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21
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Slade EA, Thorn RMS, Young AE, Reynolds DM. Real-time detection of volatile metabolites enabling species-level discrimination of bacterial biofilms associated with wound infection. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:1558-1572. [PMID: 34617369 PMCID: PMC9298000 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The main aim of this study was to investigate the real-time detection of volatile metabolites for the species-level discrimination of pathogens associated with clinically relevant wound infection, when grown in a collagen wound biofilm model. METHODS AND RESULTS This work shows that Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes produce a multitude of volatile compounds when grown as biofilms in a collagen-based biofilm model. The real-time detection of these complex volatile profiles using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry and the use of multivariate statistical analysis on the resulting data can be used to successfully differentiate between the pathogens studied. CONCLUSIONS The range of bacterial volatile compounds detected between the species studied vary and are distinct. Discrimination between bacterial species using real-time detection of volatile metabolites and multivariate statistical analysis was successfully demonstrated. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Development of rapid point-of-care diagnostics for wound infection would improve diagnosis and patient care. Such technological approaches would also facilitate the appropriate use of antimicrobials, minimizing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. This study further develops the use of volatile metabolite detection as a new diagnostic approach for wound infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A. Slade
- Centre for Research in BiosciencesUniversity of the West of EnglandBristolUK
| | - Robin M. S. Thorn
- Centre for Research in BiosciencesUniversity of the West of EnglandBristolUK
| | - Amber E. Young
- Bristol Centre for Surgical ResearchPopulation Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Darren M. Reynolds
- Centre for Research in BiosciencesUniversity of the West of EnglandBristolUK
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22
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Kaur M, Kumari A, Singh R. The Indigenous Volatile Inhibitor 2-Methyl-2-butene Impacts Biofilm Formation and Interspecies Interaction of the Pathogenic Mucorale Rhizopus arrhizus. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:506-512. [PMID: 34023922 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
2-Methyl-2-butene has recently been reported to be a quorum-based volatile self-inhibitor of spore germination and growth in pathogenic Mucorale Rhizopus arrhizus. The present study aimed to elucidate if this compound can influence R. arrhizus biofilm formation and interspecies interaction. The compound was found to significantly decrease R. arrhizus biofilm formation (p < 0.001), with nearly 25% and 50% lesser biomass in the biofilms cultured with exposure to 4 and 32 µg/ml of 2-methyl-2-butene, respectively. The growth of pre-formed biofilms was also impacted, albeit to a lesser extent. Additionally, 2-methyl-2-butene was found to self-limit R. arrhizus growth during interspecies interaction with Staphylococcus aureus and was detected at a substantially greater concentration in the headspace of co-cultures (2338.75 µg/ml) compared with monocultures (69.52 µg/ml). Some of the C5 derivatives of this compound (3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol, and 3-methyl-1-butyne) were also observed to partially mimic its action, such as inhibition of spore germination, but did not impact R. arrhizus biofilm formation. Finally, the treated R. arrhizus displayed changes in fungal morphology suggestive of cytoskeletal alterations, such as filopodia formation, blebs, increased longitudinal folds and/or corrugations, and finger-like and sheet-like surface protrusions, depending upon the concentration of the compound(s) and the planktonic or biofilm growth mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahaldeep Kaur
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Anjna Kumari
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rachna Singh
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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23
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Screening of Yeast in Various Vineyard Soil and Study on Its Flavor Compounds from Brewing Grape Wine. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020512. [PMID: 35056826 PMCID: PMC8780879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to screen out Saccharomyces cerevisiae suitable for table grape fermentation, and compare it with commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae in terms of fermentation performance and aroma producing substances, differences of fermentation flavor caused by different strains were discussed. In this experiment, yeast was isolated and purified from vineyard soil, 26s rDNA identification and fermentation substrate tolerance analysis were carried out, and the causes of flavor differences of wine were analyzed from three aspects: GC-MS, PCA and sensory evaluation. The results showed that strain S1 had the highest floral aroma fraction, corresponding to its high production of ethyl octanoate and other substances, and it had the characteristics of high sugar tolerance. The fruit sensory score of S3 wine was the highest among the six wines. Through exploration and analysis, it was found that compared with commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the screened strains had more advantages in fermenting table grapes. The flavor of each wine was directly related to the growth characteristics and tolerance of its strains.
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24
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Zanetti F, Zivkovic Semren T, Battey JND, Guy PA, Ivanov NV, van der Plas A, Hoeng J. A Literature Review and Framework Proposal for Halitosis Assessment in Cigarette Smokers and Alternative Nicotine-Delivery Products Users. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2021; 2:777442. [PMID: 35048075 PMCID: PMC8757736 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.777442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Halitosis is a health condition which counts cigarette smoking (CS) among its major risk factors. Cigarette smoke can cause an imbalance in the oral bacterial community, leading to several oral diseases and conditions, including intraoral halitosis. Although the best approach to decrease smoking-related health risks is quitting smoking, this is not feasible for many smokers. Switching to potentially reduced-risk products, like electronic vapor products (EVP) or heated tobacco products (HTP), may help improve the conditions associated with CS. To date, there have been few systematic studies on the effects of CS on halitosis and none have assessed the effects of EVP and HTP use. Self-assessment studies have shown large limitations owing to the lack of reliability in the participants' judgment. This has compelled the scientific community to develop a strategy for meaningful assessment of these new products in comparison with cigarettes. Here, we compiled a review of the existing literature on CS and halitosis and propose a 3-layer approach that combines the use of the most advanced breath analysis techniques and multi-omics analysis to define the interactions between oral bacterial species and their role in halitosis both in vitro and in vivo. Such an approach will allow us to compare the effects of different nicotine-delivery products on oral bacteria and quantify their impact on halitosis. Defining the impact of alternative nicotine-delivery products on intraoral halitosis and its associated bacteria will help the scientific community advance a step further toward understanding the safety of these products and their potentiall risks for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Zanetti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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25
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Rosenthal K, Hunsicker E, Ratcliffe E, Lindley MR, Leonard J, Hitchens JR, Turner MA. Volatile atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry headspace analysis of E. coli and S. aureus. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5441-5449. [PMID: 34780594 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the characteristics of bacterial species can improve treatment outcomes and mass spectrometry methods have been shown to be capable of identifying biomarkers of bacterial species. This study is the first to use volatile atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry to directly and non-invasively analyse the headspace of E. coli and S. aureus bacterial cultures, enabling major biological classification at species level (Gram negative/positive respectively). Four different protocols were used to collect data, three utilising discrete 5 min samples taken between 2 and 96 h after inoculation and one method employing 24 h continuous sampling. Characteristic marker ions were found for both E. coli and S. aureus. A model to distinguish between sample types was able to correctly identify the bacteria samples after sufficient growth (24-48 h), with similar results obtained across different sampling methods. This demonstrates that this is a robust method to analyse and classify bacterial cultures accurately and within a relevant time frame, offering a promising technique for both clinical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Rosenthal
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Eugenie Hunsicker
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Elizabeth Ratcliffe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Martin R Lindley
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
- Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Joshua Leonard
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jack R Hitchens
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Matthew A Turner
- Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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26
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Fitzgerald S, Holland L, Morrin A. An Investigation of Stability and Species and Strain-Level Specificity in Bacterial Volatilomes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:693075. [PMID: 34721314 PMCID: PMC8549763 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.693075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial volatilomics is a rapidly growing field of study and has shown great potential for applications in food, farming, and clinical sectors in the future. Due to the varying experimental methods and growth conditions employed in microbial volatilomic studies as well as strain-dependent volatilomic differences, there is limited knowledge regarding the stability of microbial volatilomes. Consequently, cross-study comparisons and validation of results and data can be challenging. In this study, we investigated the stability of the volatilomes of multiple strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli across three frequently used nutrient-rich growth media. Volatilomic stability was assessed based on media-, time- and strain-dependent variation across the examined bacterial volatilomes. Strain-level specificity of the observed volatilomes of E. coli and P. aeruginosa strains was further investigated by comparing the emission of selected compounds at varying stages of cell growth. Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) sampling coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the volatilome of each strain. The whole volatilomes of the examined strains demonstrate a high degree of stability across the three examined growth media. At the compound-level, media dependent differences were observed particularly when comparing the volatilomes obtained in glucose-containing brain heart infusion (BHI) and tryptone soy broth (TSB) growth media with the volatilomes obtained in glucose-free Lysogeny broth (LB) media. These glucose-dependent volatilomic differences were primarily seen in the emission of primary metabolites such as alcohols, ketones, and acids. Strain-level differences in the emission of specific compounds in E. coli and P. aeruginosa samples were also observed across the media. These strain-level volatilomic differences were also observed across varying phases of growth of each strain, therefore confirming that these strains had varying core and accessory volatilomes. Our results demonstrate that, at the species-level, the examined bacteria have a core volatilome that exhibits a high-degree of stability across frequently-used growth media. Media-dependent differences in microbial volatilomes offer valuable insights into identifying the cellular origin of individual metabolites. The observed differences in the core and accessory volatilomes of the examined strains illustrate the complexity of microbial volatilomics as a study while also highlighting the need for more strain-level investigations to ultimately elucidate the whole volatilomic capabilities of microbial species in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Fitzgerald
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Center for Sensor Research, SFI Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Linda Holland
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Morrin
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Center for Sensor Research, SFI Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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27
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Identifying volatile in vitro biomarkers for oral bacteria with proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16897. [PMID: 34413397 PMCID: PMC8377122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We have measured the volatile fingerprints of four pathogenic oral bacteria connected to periodontal disease and dental abscess: Porphyromonas gingivalis (three separate strains), Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens and Tannerella forsythia. Volatile fingerprints were measured in vitro from the headspace gas of the bacteria cultured on agar. Concrete identification of new and previously reported bacterial volatiles were performed by a combination of solid phase microextraction (SPME) and offline gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We also studied the effect of the reduced electric field strength (E/N) on the fragmentation patterns of bacterial volatiles in online proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). We aimed to discover possible new biomarkers for the studied oral bacteria, as well as to validate the combination of GC-MS and PTR-MS for volatile analysis. Some of the most promising compounds produced include: 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1MeTIQ), indole, and a cascade of sulphur compounds, such as methanethiol, dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulphide (DMTS). We also found that several compounds, especially alcohols, aldehydes and esters, fragment significantly with the PTR-MS method, when high E/N values are used. We conclude that the studied oral bacteria can be separated by their volatile fingerprints in vitro, which could have importance in clinical and laboratory environments. In addition, using softer ionization conditions can improve the performance of the PTR-MS method in the volatile analysis of certain compounds.
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28
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Wang W, Kang S, Vikesland PJ. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Bacterial Metabolites for Bacterial Growth Monitoring and Diagnosis of Viral Infection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9119-9128. [PMID: 34133126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial metabolites are intermediate products of bacterial metabolism and their production reflects metabolic activity. Herein, we report the use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for detection of both volatile and nonvolatile metabolites and the application of this approach for bacterial growth quantification and diagnosis of viral infection. The time-dependent SERS signal of the volatile metabolite dimethyl disulfide in the headspace above bacteria growing on an agar plate was detected and quantified. In addition, SERS signals arising from the plate reflected nutrient consumption and production of nonvolatile metabolites. The measurement of metabolite accumulation can be used for bacterial quantification. In the presence of bacteriophage virus, bacterial metabolism is suppressed, and the relative decrease in SERS intensity reflects the initial virus concentration. Using multivariate analysis, we detect viral infection with a prediction accuracy of 93%. Our SERS-based approach for metabolite production monitoring provides new insights toward viral infection diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Virginia Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS) Sustainable Nanotechnology Center (VTSuN), Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Seju Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Virginia Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS) Sustainable Nanotechnology Center (VTSuN), Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Peter J Vikesland
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Virginia Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS) Sustainable Nanotechnology Center (VTSuN), Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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29
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Jia Z, Luo Y, Wang D, Dinh QN, Lin S, Sharma A, Block EM, Yang M, Gu T, Pearlstein AJ, Yu H, Zhang B. Nondestructive multiplex detection of foodborne pathogens with background microflora and symbiosis using a paper chromogenic array and advanced neural network. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 183:113209. [PMID: 33836430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an inexpensive, standardized paper chromogenic array (PCA) integrated with a machine learning approach to accurately identify single pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Enteritidis, or Escherichia coli O157:H7) or multiple pathogens (either in multiple monocultures, or in a single cocktail culture), in the presence of background microflora on food. Cantaloupe, a commodity with significant volatile organic compound (VOC) emission and large diverse populations of background microflora, was used as the model food. The PCA was fabricated from a paper microarray via photolithography and paper microfluidics, into which 22 chromogenic dye spots were infused and to which three red/green/blue color-standard dots were taped. When exposed to VOCs emitted by pathogens of interest, dye spots exhibited distinguishable color changes and pattern shifts, which were automatically segmented and digitized into a ΔR/ΔG/ΔB database. We developed an advanced deep feedforward neural network with a learning rate scheduler, L2 regularization, and shortcut connections. After training on the ΔR/ΔG/ΔB database, the network demonstrated excellent performance in identifying pathogens in single monocultures, multiple monocultures, and in cocktail culture, and in distinguishing them from the background signal on cantaloupe, providing accuracy of up to 93% and 91% under ambient and refrigerated conditions, respectively. With its combination of speed, reliability, portability, and low cost, this nondestructive approach holds great potential to significantly advance culture-free pathogen detection and identification on food, and is readily extendable to other food commodities with complex microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jia
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA
| | - Yaguang Luo
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Lab and Food Quality Lab, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, 20705, MD, USA
| | - Dayang Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA
| | - Quynh N Dinh
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA
| | - Sophia Lin
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA
| | - Arnav Sharma
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269, CT, USA
| | - Ethan M Block
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA
| | - Manyun Yang
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA
| | - Tingting Gu
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA
| | - Arne J Pearlstein
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Hengyong Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA
| | - Boce Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA.
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30
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Guo L, Qiu Z, Wang Y, Yu K, Zheng X, Li Y, Liu M, Wang G, Guo N, Yang M, Li E, Wang C. Volatile Organic Compounds to Identify Infectious (Bacteria/Viruses) Diseases of the Central Nervous System: A Pilot Study. Eur Neurol 2021; 84:325-332. [PMID: 34182565 DOI: 10.1159/000507188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) infectious diseases are common diseases in emergency rooms and neurology departments. CNS pathogen identification methods are time consuming and expensive and have low sensitivity and poor specificity. Some studies have shown that bacteria and viruses can produce specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The aim of this study is to find potential biomarkers by VOC analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with bacterial and viral meningitis/encephalitis (ME). METHODS CSF samples from 16 patients with bacterial ME and 42 patients with viral ME were collected, and solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the metabolites in the CSF. RESULTS There are 2 substances (ethylene oxide and phenol) that were found to be different between the 2 groups. Ethylene oxide was significantly greater in the group of bacterial ME patients than in the viral ME group of patients (p < 0.05). In addition, phenol was remarkably increased in the group of ME patients compared with the bacterial ME patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ethylene oxide and phenol may be potential biomarkers to distinguish bacterial ME and viral ME. VOC analysis of CSF may be used as a supporting tool for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongzhi Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kaili Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoya Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Guiyue Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Nana Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Enyou Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changsong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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31
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Yang M, Liu X, Luo Y, Pearlstein AJ, Wang S, Dillow H, Reed K, Jia Z, Sharma A, Zhou B, Pearlstein D, Yu H, Zhang B. Machine learning-enabled non-destructive paper chromogenic array detection of multiplexed viable pathogens on food. NATURE FOOD 2021; 2:110-117. [PMID: 37117406 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Fast and simultaneous identification of multiple viable pathogens on food is critical to public health. Here we report a pathogen identification system using a paper chromogenic array (PCA) enabled by machine learning. The PCA consists of a paper substrate impregnated with 23 chromogenic dyes and dye combinations, which undergo colour changes on exposure to volatile organic compounds emitted by pathogens of interest. These colour changes are digitized and used to train a multi-layer neural network (NN), endowing it with high-accuracy (91-95%) strain-specific pathogen identification and quantification capabilities. The trained PCA-NN system can distinguish between viable Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7 and other viable pathogens, and can simultaneously identify both E. coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut romaine lettuce, which represents a realistic and complex environment. This approach has the potential to advance non-destructive pathogen detection and identification on food, without enrichment, culturing, incubation or other sample preparation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyun Yang
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Yaguang Luo
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Lab, US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA.
| | - Arne J Pearlstein
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shilong Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Hayden Dillow
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Reed
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Zhen Jia
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Arnav Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Lab, US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Dan Pearlstein
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Lab, US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Hengyong Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Boce Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA.
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Detection of Microbial Nitroreductase Activity by Monitoring Exogenous Volatile Organic Compound Production Using HS-SPME-GC-MS. SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/separations7040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a rapid approach for universal microbial detection is required in the healthcare, food and environmental sectors to aid with medical intervention, food safety and environmental protection. This research investigates the use of enzymatic hydrolysis of a substrate by a microorganism to generate a volatile organic compound (VOC). One such enzyme activity that can be used in this context is nitroreductase as such activity is prevalent across a range of microorganisms. A study was developed to evaluate a panel of 51 microorganisms of clinical interest for their nitroreductase activity. Two enzyme substrates, nitrobenzene and 1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene, were evaluated for this purpose with evolution, after incubation, of the VOCs aniline and 2-fluoroaniline, respectively. Detection of the VOCs was done using headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) with obtained limits of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.17 and 0.03 µg/mL for aniline and 2-fluoroaniline, respectively. The results indicated that both enzyme substrates were reduced by the same 84.3% of microorganisms producing the corresponding volatile anilines which were detected using HS-SPME-GC-MS. It was found that nitroreductase activity could be detected after 6–8 h of incubation for the selected pathogenic bacteria investigated. This approach shows promise as a rapid universal microbial detection system.
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Belizário JE, Sircili MP. Novel biotechnological approaches for monitoring and immunization against resistant to antibiotics Escherichia coli and other pathogenic bacteria. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:420. [PMID: 33138825 PMCID: PMC7607641 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of next-generation molecular, biochemical and immunological methods for developing new vaccines, antimicrobial compounds, probiotics and prebiotics for zoonotic infection control has been fundamental to the understanding and preservation of the symbiotic relationship between animals and humans. With increasing rates of antibiotic use, resistant bacterial infections have become more difficult to diagnose, treat, and eradicate, thereby elevating the importance of surveillance and prevention programs. Effective surveillance relies on the availability of rapid, cost-effective methods to monitor pathogenic bacterial isolates. In this opinion article, we summarize the results of some research program initiatives for the improvement of live vaccines against avian enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli using virulence factor gene deletion and engineered vaccine vectors based on probiotics. We also describe methods for the detection of pathogenic bacterial strains in eco-environmental headspace and aerosols, as well as samples of animal and human breath, based on the composition of volatile organic compounds and fatty acid methyl esters. We explain how the introduction of these low-cost biotechnologies and protocols will provide the opportunity to enhance co-operation between networks of resistance surveillance programs and integrated routine workflows of veterinary and clinical public health microbiology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- José E Belizário
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo P Sircili
- Laboratory of Genetics, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05503-900, Brazil
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Multi-strain volatile profiling of pathogenic and commensal cutaneous bacteria. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17971. [PMID: 33087843 PMCID: PMC7578783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74909-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted by pathogenic bacteria has been proposed as a potential non-invasive approach for characterising various infectious diseases as well as wound infections. Studying microbial VOC profiles in vitro allows the mechanisms governing VOC production and the cellular origin of VOCs to be deduced. However, inter-study comparisons of microbial VOC data remains a challenge due to the variation in instrumental and growth parameters across studies. In this work, multiple strains of pathogenic and commensal cutaneous bacteria were analysed using headspace solid phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A kinetic study was also carried out to assess the relationship between bacterial VOC profiles and the growth phase of cells. Comprehensive bacterial VOC profiles were successfully discriminated at the species-level, while strain-level variation was only observed in specific species and to a small degree. Temporal emission kinetics showed that the emission of particular compound groups were proportional to the respective growth phase for individual S. aureus and P. aeruginosa samples. Standardised experimental workflows are needed to improve comparability across studies and ultimately elevate the field of microbial VOC profiling. Our results build on and support previous literature and demonstrate that comprehensive discriminative results can be achieved using simple experimental and data analysis workflows.
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Sanchez-Cruz A, Robledo N, Rosete-Enríquez M, Romero-López AA. Attraction of Adults of Cyclocephala lunulata and Cyclocephala barrerai (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae) towards Bacteria Volatiles Isolated from Their Genital Chambers. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25194430. [PMID: 32992458 PMCID: PMC7582287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the study of the chemical communication of adults of the Melolonthidae family, bacteria have been observed in the epithelium of the genital chamber; possibly, bacteria are involved in the production of sex attractants in their hosts. Therefore, it is important to identify the volatile organic compounds from bacteria (VOCsB) released by these microorganisms and study the biological activity stimulated by VOBCs in adults of Melolonthidae. In this study, bacteria were isolated from the genital chamber of Cyclocephala lunulata and Cyclocephala barrerai, from which VOCsB were extracted using static headspace solid-phase microextraction (SHS-SPME) and dynamic headspace Super Q solid-phase extraction (DHS-SPE) and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The effect of VOCsB on the hosts and conspecifics was evaluated utilizing an olfactometer and electroantennography (EAG). Two species of Enterobacteria were isolated from the genital chamber of each female species, and VOCsB derived from sulfur-containing compounds, alcohols, esters, and fatty acids were identified. An attraction response was observed in olfactometry studies, and antennal responses to VOCsB were confirmed in EAG bioassays. With these results, new perspectives on the relationship between these beetles and their bacteria emerge, in addition to establishing a basis for management programs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Sanchez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química de Insectos, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km. 6, calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos C.P. 62731, Mexico;
| | - Norma Robledo
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química de Insectos, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km. 6, calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos C.P. 62731, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (A.A.R.-L.); Tel.: +52-(735)-3942020 (N.R.); +52-(735)-3941896 (N.R.); +52-(222)-2295500 (A.A.R.-L.)
| | - María Rosete-Enríquez
- Laboratorio de Macromoléculas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Boulevard Capitán Carlos Camacho Espíritu, Edificio 112-A, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla C. P. 72570, Mexico;
| | - Angel A. Romero-López
- Laboratorio de Infoquímicos y Otros compuestos Bióticos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Boulevard Capitán Carlos Camacho Espíritu, Edificio 112-A, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla C. P. 72570, Mexico
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (A.A.R.-L.); Tel.: +52-(735)-3942020 (N.R.); +52-(735)-3941896 (N.R.); +52-(222)-2295500 (A.A.R.-L.)
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Jayakumar V, Ramesh Sundar A, Viswanathan R. Biocontrol of Colletotrichum falcatum with volatile metabolites produced by endophytic bacteria and profiling VOCs by headspace SPME coupled with GC–MS. SUGAR TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12355-020-00891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Ferone M, Gowen A, Fanning S, Scannell AGM. Microbial detection and identification methods: Bench top assays to omics approaches. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3106-3129. [PMID: 33337061 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection of foodborne pathogens, spoilage microbes, and other biological contaminants in complex food matrices is essential to maintain food quality and ensure consumer safety. Traditional methods involve culturing microbes using a range of nonselective and selective enrichment methods, followed by biochemical confirmation among others. The time-to-detection is a key limitation when testing foods, particularly those with short shelf lives, such as fresh meat, fish, dairy products, and vegetables. Some recent detection methods developed include the use of spectroscopic techniques, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight along with hyperspectral imaging protocols.This review presents a comprehensive overview comparing insights into the principles, characteristics, and applications of newer and emerging techniques methods applied to the detection and identification of microbes in food matrices, to more traditional benchtop approaches. The content has been developed to provide specialist scientists a broad view of bacterial identification methods available in terms of their benefits and limitations, which may be useful in the development of future experimental design. The case is also made for incorporating some of these emerging methods into the mainstream, for example, underutilized potential of spectroscopic techniques and hyperspectral imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Ferone
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Institute of Food and Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Gowen
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Institute of Food and Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD-Centre for Food Safety, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amalia G M Scannell
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Institute of Food and Health, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD-Centre for Food Safety, Dublin, Ireland
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Carraturo F, Libralato G, Esposito R, Galdiero E, Aliberti F, Amoresano A, Fontanarosa C, Trifuoggi M, Guida M. Metabolomic profiling of food matrices: Preliminary identification of potential markers of microbial contamination. J Food Sci 2020; 85:3467-3477. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Carraturo
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Hygiene University of Naples “Federico II” Via Cintia 26 Naples 80126 Italy
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Hygiene University of Naples “Federico II” Via Cintia 26 Naples 80126 Italy
| | - Rodolfo Esposito
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Hygiene University of Naples “Federico II” Via Cintia 26 Naples 80126 Italy
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Hygiene University of Naples “Federico II” Via Cintia 26 Naples 80126 Italy
| | - Francesco Aliberti
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Hygiene University of Naples “Federico II” Via Cintia 26 Naples 80126 Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemistry University of Naples “Federico II” Via Cintia 26 Naples 80126 Italy
| | - Carolina Fontanarosa
- Department of Chemistry University of Naples “Federico II” Via Cintia 26 Naples 80126 Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemistry University of Naples “Federico II” Via Cintia 26 Naples 80126 Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Hygiene University of Naples “Federico II” Via Cintia 26 Naples 80126 Italy
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Lee JHJ, Zhu J. Optimizing Secondary Electrospray Ionization High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) for the Analysis of Volatile Fatty Acids from Gut Microbiome. Metabolites 2020; 10:E351. [PMID: 32872254 PMCID: PMC7570293 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10090351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays essential roles in maintaining gut homeostasis. The composition of gut microbes and their metabolites are altered in response to diet and remedial agents such as antibiotics. However, little is known about the effect of antibiotics on the gut microbiota and their volatile metabolites. In this study, we evaluated the impact of a moderate level of ampicillin treatment on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) of gut microbial cultures using an optimized real-time secondary electrospray ionization coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS). To evaluate the ionization efficiency, different types of electrospray solvents and concentrations of formic acid as an additive (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1%, v/v) were tested using VFAs standard mixture (C2-C7). As a result, the maximum SESI-HRMS signals of all studied m/z values were observed from water with 0.01% formic acid than those from the aqueous methanolic solutions. Optimal temperatures of sample inlet and ion chamber were set at 130 °C and 85 °C, respectively. SESI spray pressure at 0.5 bar generated the maximum intensity than other tested values. The optimized SESI-HRMS was then used for the analysis of VFAs in gut microbial cultures. We detected that the significantly elevated C4 and C7 VFAs in the headspace of gut microbial cultures six hours after ampicillin treatment (1 mg/L). In conclusion, our results suggested that the optimized SESI-HRMS method can be suitable for the analysis of VFAs from gut microbes in a rapid, sensitive, and non-invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun H. J. Lee
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Wiseman Hall, 400 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Wiseman Hall, 400 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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40
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Jenkins CL, Bean HD. Dependence of the Staphylococcal Volatilome Composition on Microbial Nutrition. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10090347. [PMID: 32867100 PMCID: PMC7569959 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10090347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro cultivation of staphylococci is fundamental to both clinical and research microbiology, but few studies, to-date, have investigated how the differences in rich media can influence the volatilome of cultivated bacteria. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of rich media composition on the chemical characteristics of the volatilomes of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. S. aureus (ATCC 12600) and S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) were cultured in triplicate in four rich complex media (brain heart infusion (BHI), lysogeny broth (LB), Mueller Hinton broth (MHB), and tryptic soy broth (TSB)), and the volatile metabolites produced by each culture were analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography—time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOFMS). When comparing the chemical compositions of the staph volatilomes by the presence versus absence of volatiles produced in each medium, we observed few differences. However, when the relative abundances of volatiles were included in the analyses, we observed that culturing staph in media containing free glucose (BHI and TSB) resulted in volatilomes dominated by acids and esters (67%). The low-glucose media (LB and MHB) produced ketones in greatest relative abundances, but the volatilome compositions in these two media were highly dissimilar. We conclude that the staphylococcal volatilome is strongly influenced by the nutritional composition of the growth medium, especially the availability of free glucose, which is much more evident when the relative abundances of the volatiles are analyzed, compared to the presence versus absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L. Jenkins
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Heather D. Bean
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Correspondence:
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Chen JH, Xiang W, Cao KX, Lu X, Yao SC, Hung D, Huang RS, Li LB. Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Endophytic Burkholderia cenocepacia ETR-B22 by SPME-GC-MS and Their Inhibitory Activity against Various Plant Fungal Pathogens. Molecules 2020; 25:E3765. [PMID: 32824884 PMCID: PMC7504634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antagonistic microorganisms and their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to control plant fungal pathogens is an eco-friendly and promising substitute for chemical fungicides. In this work, endophytic bacterium ETR-B22, isolated from the root of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep., was found to exhibit strong antagonistic activity against 12 fungal pathogens found in agriculture. Strain ETR-B22 was identified as Burkholderia cenocepacia based on 16S rRNA and recA sequences. We evaluated the antifungal activity of VOCs emitted by ETR-B22. The VOCs from strain ETR-B22 also showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity against 12 fungal pathogens. The composition of the volatile profiles was analyzed based on headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Different extraction strategies for the SPME process significantly affected the extraction efficiency of the VOCs. Thirty-two different VOCs were identified. Among the VOC of ETR-B22, dimethyl trisulfide, indole, methyl anthranilate, methyl salicylate, methyl benzoate, benzyl propionate, benzyl acetate, 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol, allyl benzyl ether and nonanoic acid showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity, and are key inhibitory compounds produced by strain ETR-B22 against various fungal pathogens. Our results suggest that the endophytic strain ETR-B22 and its VOCs have high potential for use as biological controls of plant fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; (J.-H.C.); (W.X.); (K.-X.C.)
| | - Wei Xiang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; (J.-H.C.); (W.X.); (K.-X.C.)
| | - Ke-Xin Cao
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; (J.-H.C.); (W.X.); (K.-X.C.)
| | - Xuan Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China; (X.L.); (S.-C.Y.); (D.H.)
| | - Shao-Chang Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China; (X.L.); (S.-C.Y.); (D.H.)
| | - Ding Hung
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China; (X.L.); (S.-C.Y.); (D.H.)
| | - Rong-Shao Huang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; (J.-H.C.); (W.X.); (K.-X.C.)
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China; (X.L.); (S.-C.Y.); (D.H.)
| | - Liang-Bo Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China; (X.L.); (S.-C.Y.); (D.H.)
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Kolb B, Riesterer L, Widenhorn AM, Bier L. Monitoring of Hydrogen Emission from Bacteria in Food, Animals and in the Blood of Humans Suffering from Lyme Disease by A Specific Hydrogen Sensor. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9070427. [PMID: 32708106 PMCID: PMC7400184 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel straightforward analytical technique was developed to monitor the emission of hydrogen from anaerobic bacteria cultured in sealed headspace vials using a specific hydrogen sensor. The results were compared with headspace gas chromatography carried out in parallel. This technique was also applied to investigate the efficacy of chemical antibiotics and of natural compounds with antimicrobial properties. Antibiotics added to the sample cultures are apparently effective if the emission of hydrogen is suppressed, or if not, are either ineffective or the related bacteria are even resistant. The sensor approach was applied to prove bacterial contamination in food, animals, medical specimens and in ticks infected by Borrelia bacteria and their transfer to humans, thus causing Lyme disease. It is a unique advantage that the progress of an antibiotic therapy can be examined until the emission of hydrogen is finished. The described technique cannot identify the related bacteria but enables bacterial contamination by hydrogen emitting anaerobes to be recognized. The samples are incubated with the proper culture broth in closed septum vials which remain closed during the whole process. The personnel in the lab never come into contact with pathogens and thus safety regulations are guaranteed.
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VOC fingerprints: metabolomic signatures of biothreat agents with and without antibiotic resistance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11746. [PMID: 32678173 PMCID: PMC7367350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Category A and B biothreat agents are deemed to be of great concern by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and include the bacteria Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, and Brucella species. Underscored by the impact of the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, 2016 Zika pandemic, 2014 Ebola outbreak, 2001 anthrax letter attacks, and 1984 Rajneeshee Salmonella attacks, the threat of future epidemics/pandemics and/or terrorist/criminal use of pathogenic organisms warrants continued exploration and development of both classic and alternative methods of detecting biothreat agents. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) comprise a large and highly diverse group of carbon-based molecules, generally related by their volatility at ambient temperature. Recently, the diagnostic potential of VOCs has been realized, as correlations between the microbial VOC metabolome and specific bacterial pathogens have been identified. Herein, we describe the use of microbial VOC profiles as fingerprints for the identification of biothreat-relevant microbes, and for differentiating between a kanamycin susceptible and resistant strain. Additionally, we demonstrate microbial VOC profiling using a rapid-throughput VOC metabolomics method we refer to as ‘simultaneous multifiber headspace solid-phase microextraction’ (simulti-hSPME). Finally, through VOC analysis, we illustrate a rapid non-invasive approach to the diagnosis of BALB/c mice infected with either F. tularensis SCHU S4 or Y. pestis CO92.
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Liu A, Zhang P, Bai B, Bai F, Jin T, Ren J. Volatile Organic Compounds of Endophytic Burkholderia pyrrocinia Strain JK-SH007 Promote Disease Resistance in Poplar. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:1610-1620. [PMID: 32271644 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-19-2366-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and pathogen resistance. However, little is known about the influence of VOCs released from endophytic strains (Burkholderia pyrrocinia strain JK-SH007) on controlling pathogens or inducing systemic resistance in poplar. In this study, we found that VOCs produced by strain JK-SH007 inhibit three poplar canker pathogens (Cytospora chrysosperma, Phomopsis macrospora, and Fusicoccum aesculi) and promote defense enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and total phenol (TP) accumulation. Thirteen kinds of VOC components were identified using the solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) accounted for the largest proportion of these VOCs. Treatments of poplar seedlings with different volumes of VOC standards (DMDS, benzothiazole, dimethylthiomethane, and phenylacetone) showed that DMDS had the greatest effects on various defense enzyme activities and MDA and TP accumulation. We also found that the inhibitory effect of the VOCs on the three pathogens was gradually enhanced with increasing standard volume. Moreover, the treatment of samples with DMDS significantly reduced the severity and development of the disease caused by three poplar canker pathogens. Comparative transcriptomics analysis of poplar seedlings treated with DMDS showed that there were 1,586 differentially expressed genes in the leaves and stems, and quantitative PCR showed that the gene expression trends were highly consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. The most significant transcriptomic changes induced by VOCs were related to hormone signal transduction, transcriptional regulation of plant-pathogen interactions, and energy metabolism. Moreover, 137 transcription factors, including members of the ethylene response factor, NAC, WRKY, G2-like, and basic helix-loop-helix protein families, were identified to be involved in the VOC-induced process. This study elucidates the resistance induced by Burkholderia pyrrocinia strain JK-SH007 to poplar canker at the molecular level and can make possible a new method for the comprehensive prevention and control of poplar disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ake Liu
- Faculty of Biology Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Faculty of Biology Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Bianxia Bai
- Faculty of Biology Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Fenglin Bai
- Faculty of Biology Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Tingting Jin
- Faculty of Biology Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Jiahong Ren
- Faculty of Biology Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Shanxi 046011, China
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The Antioxidants Glutathione, Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid Maintain Butyrate Production by Human Gut Clostridia in The Presence of Oxygen In Vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7705. [PMID: 32382092 PMCID: PMC7205886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled oxidative stress, reported in Salmonella and HIV infections, colorectal cancer or severe acute malnutrition, has been associated with anaerobic gut microbiome alteration, impaired butyrate production, mucosal immunity dysregulation and disruption of host-bacterial mutualism. However, the role of major antioxidant molecules in the human body, such as glutathione, ascorbic acid and uric acid, has been neglected in this context. Here, we performed an in vitro metabolomics study of the 3 most odorous anaerobic microbes isolated from the human gut in our laboratory (Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium subterminale and Romboutsia lituseburensis) when grown in anaerobiosis or in aerobiosis with these 3 antioxidant molecules via gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS and LC/MS). There was no growth or volatile organic compound production in aerobic cultures without the 3 antioxidant molecules. In anaerobiosis, the major metabolic products of the bacteria were thiols, alcohols and short-chain fatty acid esters. The production of alkanes, cycloheptatriene and, paradoxically, increased butyrate production, was observed in the cultures grown in aerobiosis with the 3 antioxidant molecules. The qualitative shift suggests specific molecular mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. The increased production of butyrate, but also isobutyrate and isovalerate in vitro suggests that these 3 antioxidant molecules contributed to the maintenance and active resilience of host-bacterial mutualism against mucosal oxygen and uncontrolled oxidative stress in vivo.
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Hahn A, Whiteson K, Davis TJ, Phan J, Sami I, Koumbourlis AC, Freishtat RJ, Crandall KA, Bean HD. Longitudinal Associations of the Cystic Fibrosis Airway Microbiome and Volatile Metabolites: A Case Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:174. [PMID: 32411616 PMCID: PMC7198769 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of 16S rDNA biomarkers from respiratory samples to describe the continuum of clinical disease states within persons having cystic fibrosis (CF) has remained elusive. We sought to combine 16S, metagenomics, and metabolomics data to describe multiple transitions between clinical disease states in 14 samples collected over a 12-month period in a single person with CF. We hypothesized that each clinical disease state would have a unique combination of bacterial genera and volatile metabolites as a potential signature that could be utilized as a biomarker of clinical disease state. Taxonomy identified by 16S sequencing corroborated clinical culture results, with the majority of the 109 PCR amplicons belonging to the bacteria grown in clinical cultures (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). While alpha diversity measures fluctuated across disease states, no significant trends were present. Principle coordinates analysis showed that treatment samples trended toward a different community composition than baseline and exacerbation samples. This was driven by the phylum Bacteroidetes (less abundant in treatment, log2 fold difference -3.29, p = 0.015) and the genus Stenotrophomonas (more abundant in treatment, log2 fold difference 6.26, p = 0.003). Across all sputum samples, 466 distinct volatile metabolites were identified with total intensity varying across clinical disease state. Baseline and exacerbation samples were rather uniform in chemical composition and similar to one another, while treatment samples were highly variable and differed from the other two disease states. When utilizing a combination of the microbiome and metabolome data, we observed associations between samples dominated Staphylococcus and Escherichia and higher relative abundances of alcohols, while samples dominated by Achromobacter correlated with a metabolomics shift toward more oxidized volatiles. However, the microbiome and metabolome data were not tightly correlated; examining both the metagenomics and metabolomics allows for more context to examine changes across clinical disease states. In our study, combining the sputum microbiome and metabolome data revealed stability in the sputum composition through the first exacerbation and treatment episode, and into the second exacerbation. However, the second treatment ushered in a prolonged period of instability, which after three additional exacerbations and treatments culminated in a new lung microbiome and metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hahn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Center for Genetic Medicine Research, The Children's Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Katrine Whiteson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Trenton J Davis
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Joann Phan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Iman Sami
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Anastassios C Koumbourlis
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Robert J Freishtat
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Keith A Crandall
- Computational Biology Institute and Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Heather D Bean
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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Daulton E, Wicaksono A, Bechar J, Covington JA, Hardwicke J. The Detection of Wound Infection by Ion Mobility Chemical Analysis. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10030019. [PMID: 32121452 PMCID: PMC7146168 DOI: 10.3390/bios10030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Surgical site infection represents a large burden of care in the National Health Service. Current methods for diagnosis include a subjective clinical assessment and wound swab culture that may take several days to return a result. Both techniques are potentially unreliable and result in delays in using targeted antibiotics. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by micro-organisms such as those present in an infected wound. This study describes the use of a device to differentiate VOCs produced by an infected wound vs. colonised wound. Malodourous wound dressings were collected from patients, these were a mix of post-operative wounds and vascular leg ulcers. Wound microbiology swabs were taken and antibiotics commenced as clinically appropriate. A control group of soiled, but not malodorous wound dressings were collected from patients who had a split skin graft (SSG) donor site. The analyser used was a G.A.S. GC-IMS. The results from the samples had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 88%, with a positive predictive value of 90%. An area under the curve (AUC) of 91% demonstrates an excellent ability to discriminate those with an infected wound from those without. VOC detection using GC-IMS has the potential to serve as a diagnostic tool for the differentiation of infected and non-infected wounds and facilitate the treatment of wound infections that is cost effective, non-invasive, acceptable to patients, portable, and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Daulton
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (E.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Alfian Wicaksono
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (E.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Janak Bechar
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Medical School Building, Coventry CV4 7HL, UK; (J.B.); (J.H.)
| | - James A. Covington
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (E.D.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Joseph Hardwicke
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Medical School Building, Coventry CV4 7HL, UK; (J.B.); (J.H.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
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Comparison of Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Solid Phase Microextraction of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Metabolite Profile of Staphylococcus Aureus. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 25:molecules25010055. [PMID: 31877955 PMCID: PMC6982899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For the analysis of volatile bacterial compounds, solid phase microextraction (SPME) is currently the most widely used metabolite concentration technique. Recently, the potential of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) for this use has been demonstrated. These two approaches were therefore used in combination with gas-chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry (GC–MS) for the analysis of volatile and semi-volatile bacterial compounds produced by Staphylococcus aureus. In both cases, SPME and SBSE/headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE) enrichment was carried out in two coating phases. A whole analytical and statistical process was developed to differentiate the metabolites produced from the metabolites consumed. The results obtained with SBSE/HSSE and SPME were compared and showed the recovery of 90% of the compounds by SBSE/HSSE. In addition, we were able to detect the production of 12 volatile/semi-volatile compounds by S. aureus, six of which had never been reported before. The extraction by SBSE/HSSE showed higher concentration capacities and greater sensitivity than SPME concerning bacterial compounds, suggesting that this technique may therefore become the new preferred option for bacterial volatile and semi-volatile compound analysis.
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Roslund K, Lehto M, Pussinen P, Groop PH, Halonen L, Metsälä M. On-line profiling of volatile compounds produced in vitro by pathogenic oral bacteria. J Breath Res 2019; 14:016010. [PMID: 31698353 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Infections by oral pathogens are one of the most common health problems worldwide. Due to the intimate connection between exhaled breath and the oral cavity, breath analysis could potentially be used to diagnose these infections. However, little is known about the volatile emissions of important oral pathogens that are connected with gingivitis and periodontitis. In this study, we have performed in vitro headspace measurements on four important oral pathogens (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens) using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS). Some of the most abundant compounds produced by the bacteria include hydrogen sulphide, methanethiol, acetone, dimethylsulphide, isoprene, cyclopentanone and indole as tentatively assigned from the mass spectra. Several other abundant mass signals were recorded but the assignment of these is less certain. Some of the bacterial species can be separated from each other by the emitted volatile fingerprints. The results of this study can be used in potential development of a diagnostic breath test for oral infections. In addition, as several of the measured compounds are known to be toxic, the results point to an intriguing possibility of studying the connection between the bacterial virulence and the emitted volatile compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajsa Roslund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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50
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Exogenous bacterial composition changes dominate flavor deterioration of dried carrots during storage. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 134:110833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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