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Traoré B, Guindo M, Konaté D, Kané F, Incandela N, Traore A, Kanté S, Sidibé M, Keita B, Kasse F, Tangara K, Diallo D, Maiga I, Thiam S, Cisse A, Siby K, Dicko A, Goita M, Kone D, Diallo M, Traore M, Coulibaly Y, Diakité M, Doumbia S, Dolo H, Balam S. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Associated Factors in Bamako, Mali: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in September 2022. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13343. [PMID: 39044355 PMCID: PMC11300109 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sero-epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Mali are not yet well understood. This study assessed SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence and factors associated with antibody responses in the general population of Bamako, the capital city and epicenter of COVID-19, to assess the magnitude of the pandemic and contribute to control strategy improvements in Mali. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in September 2022 to collect sociodemographic information, clinical characteristics, comorbid factors, and blood samples. ELISA was performed to determine anti-Spike (anti-S) and anti-RBD antibody levels. A total of 3601 participants were enrolled in REDCap. R-Studio was used for the statistical analysis. The chi-squared (χ2) test was used to compare the proportions across different groups. Logistic regression models were used to elucidate factors associated with antibody responses. RESULT The sex ratio for female-to-male was 3.6:1. The most representative groups were the 20-29-year-olds (28.9%, n = 1043) and the 30-39-year-olds (26.9%, n = 967). The COVID-19 vaccine coverage among the participants was 35.8%, with vaccines from Covishield AstraZeneca (13.4%), Johnson & Johnson (16.7%), Sinovac (3.9%), and BioNTech Pfizer (1.8%). Overall, S protein and RBD antibody seroprevalences were remarkably high in the study population (98% and 97%, respectively). Factors such as youth (1-9 years old) and male sex were associated with lower SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses, whereas COVID-19 vaccinations were associated with increased antibody responses. CONCLUSION This serosurvey demonstrated the high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and highlighted the factors influencing antibody responses, while clearly underlining an underestimation of the pandemic in Mali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bourama Traoré
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Merepen A. Guindo
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Drissa Konaté
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Fousseyni Kané
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Nathan C. Incandela
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
| | - Abdouramane Traore
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Salimata Kanté
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Mariam Sidibé
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Bourama Keita
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Fatoumata Kasse
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Karamoko Tangara
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Dramane Diallo
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Issoufi Y. Maiga
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Salif Thiam
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Abdourhamane Cisse
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Khatry M. Siby
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Abdoul R. Dicko
- District Health Center of Commune 4 of BamakoMinister of Health and Social Development of MaliBamakoMali
| | - Mariam Goita
- District Health Center of Commune 4 of BamakoMinister of Health and Social Development of MaliBamakoMali
| | - Diakaridia Kone
- Hospital District Health of Commune 1 of BamakoMinister of Health and Social Development of MaliBamakoMali
| | - Mamadou Diallo
- District Health Center of Commune 6 of BamakoMinister of Health and Social Development of MaliBamakoMali
| | - Modibo Traore
- District Health Center of Commune 5 of BamakoMinister of Health and Social Development of MaliBamakoMali
| | - Yaya I. Coulibaly
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Mahamadou Diakité
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Seydou Doumbia
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Housseini Dolo
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
| | - Saidou Balam
- International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER), Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPHA)University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB)BamakoMali
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2
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Garchitorena A, Rasoloharimanana LT, Rakotonanahary RJ, Evans MV, Miller AC, Finnegan KE, Cordier LF, Cowley G, Razafinjato B, Randriamanambintsoa M, Andrianambinina S, Popper SJ, Hotahiene R, Bonds MH, Schoenhals M. Morbidity and mortality burden of COVID-19 in rural Madagascar: results from a longitudinal cohort and nested seroprevalence study. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:1745-1755. [PMID: 37793001 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Three years into the pandemic, there remains significant uncertainty about the true infection and mortality burden of COVID-19 in the World Health Organization Africa region. High quality, population-representative studies in Africa are rare and tend to be conducted in national capitals or large cities, leaving a substantial gap in our understanding of the impact of COVID-19 in rural, low-resource settings. Here, we estimated the spatio-temporal morbidity and mortality burden associated with COVID-19 in a rural health district of Madagascar until the first half of 2021. METHODS We integrated a nested seroprevalence study within a pre-existing longitudinal cohort conducted in a representative sample of 1600 households in Ifanadiana District, Madagascar. Socio-demographic and health information was collected in combination with dried blood spots for about 6500 individuals of all ages, which were analysed to detect IgG and IgM antibodies against four specific proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in a bead-based multiplex immunoassay. We evaluated spatio-temporal patterns in COVID-19 infection history and its associations with several geographic, socio-economic and demographic factors via logistic regressions. RESULTS Eighteen percent of people had been infected by April-June 2021, with seroprevalence increasing with individuals' age. COVID-19 primarily spread along the only paved road and in major towns during the first epidemic wave, subsequently spreading along secondary roads during the second wave to more remote areas. Wealthier individuals and those with occupations such as commerce and formal employment were at higher risk of being infected in the first wave. Adult mortality increased in 2020, particularly for older men for whom it nearly doubled up to nearly 40 deaths per 1000. Less than 10% of mortality in this period would be directly attributed to COVID-19 deaths if known infection fatality ratios are applied to observed seroprevalence in the district. CONCLUSION Our study provides a very granular understanding on COVID-19 transmission and mortality in a rural population of sub-Saharan Africa and suggests that the disease burden in these areas may have been substantially underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Garchitorena
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- NGO Pivot, Ifanadiana, Madagascar
| | | | - Rado Jl Rakotonanahary
- NGO Pivot, Ifanadiana, Madagascar
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle V Evans
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Ann C Miller
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen E Finnegan
- NGO Pivot, Ifanadiana, Madagascar
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Marius Randriamanambintsoa
- Direction de la Démographie et des Statistiques Sociales, Institut National de la Statistique, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Samuel Andrianambinina
- Direction de la Démographie et des Statistiques Sociales, Institut National de la Statistique, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Stephen J Popper
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Raphaël Hotahiene
- Direction de lutte contre les maladies transmissibles, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Matthew H Bonds
- NGO Pivot, Ifanadiana, Madagascar
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Krajacich BJ, Samaké D, Dao A, Diallo M, Sanogo ZL, Yaro AS, Zeguime A, Poudiougo J, Cissé K, Traoré M, dit Assitoun A, Faiman R, Zaidi I, Woodford J, Duffy PE, Lehmann T. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in rural communities using blood-fed mosquitoes: a proof-of-concept study. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 3:1243691. [PMID: 38455906 PMCID: PMC10911011 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1243691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Background The spread of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be well monitored and understood in areas without capacity for effective disease surveillance. Countries with a young population will have disproportionately large numbers of asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic infections, further hindering detection of infection. Sero-surveillance on a country-wide scale by trained medical professionals may be limited in a resource-limited setting such as Mali. Novel ways of broadly sampling the human population in a non-invasive method would allow for large-scale surveillance at a reduced cost. Approach Here we evaluate the collection of naturally blood-fed mosquitoes to test for human anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the laboratory and at five field locations in Mali. Results Immunoglobulin-G antibodies to multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens were readily detected in mosquito bloodmeals by bead-based immunoassay through at least 10 h after feeding [mean sensitivity of 0.92 (95% CI 0.78-1) and mean specificity of 0.98 (95% CI 0.88-1)], indicating that most blood-fed mosquitoes collected indoors during early morning hours (and likely to have fed the previous night) are viable samples for analysis. We found that reactivity to four SARS-CoV-2 antigens rose during the pandemic from pre-pandemic levels. The crude seropositivity of blood sampled via mosquitoes was 6.3% in October and November 2020 across all sites, and increased to 25.1% overall by February 2021, with the most urban site reaching 46.7%, consistent with independent venous blood-based sero-surveillance estimates. Conclusions We have demonstrated that using mosquito bloodmeals, country-wide sero-surveillance of human diseases (both vector-borne and non-vector-borne) is possible in areas where human-biting mosquitoes are common, offering an informative, cost-effective, and non-invasive sampling option.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Djibril Samaké
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Adama Dao
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Moussa Diallo
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Zana Lamissa Sanogo
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Alpha Seydou Yaro
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Amatigue Zeguime
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Josué Poudiougo
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kadiatou Cissé
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mamadou Traoré
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Alassane dit Assitoun
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Roy Faiman
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Irfan Zaidi
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John Woodford
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Patrick E. Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tovi Lehmann
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
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Banda L, Ho A, Kasenda S, Read JM, Jewell C, Price A, McLean E, Dube A, Chaima D, Samikwa L, Nyirenda TS, Hughes EC, Willett BJ, Mwale AC, Amoah AS, Crampin A. Characterizing the evolving SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in urban and rural Malawi between February 2021 and April 2022: A population-based cohort study. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 137:118-125. [PMID: 38465577 PMCID: PMC10695832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the changing SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and associated health and sociodemographic factors in Malawi between February 2021 and April 2022. METHODS In total, four 3-monthly serosurveys were conducted within a longitudinal population-based cohort in rural Karonga District and urban Lilongwe, testing for SARS-CoV-2 S1 immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Population seroprevalence was estimated in all and unvaccinated participants. Bayesian mixed-effects logistic models estimated the odds of seropositivity in the first survey, and of seroconversion between surveys, adjusting for age, sex, occupation, location, and assay sensitivity/specificity. RESULTS Of the 2005 participants (Karonga, n = 1005; Lilongwe, n = 1000), 55.8% were female and median age was 22.7 years. Between Surveys (SVY) 1 and 4, population-weighted SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence increased from 26.3% to 89.2% and 46.4% to 93.9% in Karonga and Lilongwe, respectively. At SVY4, seroprevalence did not differ by COVID-19 vaccination status in adults, except for those aged 30+ years in Karonga (unvaccinated: 87.4%, 95% credible interval 79.3-93.0%; two doses: 98.1%, 94.8-99.5%). Location and age were associated with seroconversion risk. Individuals with hybrid immunity had higher SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and antibody titers, than those infected. CONCLUSION High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence combined with low morbidity and mortality indicate that universal vaccination is unnecessary at this stage of the pandemic, supporting change in national policy to target at-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Banda
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Malawi
| | - Antonia Ho
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | - Alison Price
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Malawi; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Estelle McLean
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Malawi; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Dube
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Malawi
| | - David Chaima
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Lyson Samikwa
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Ellen C Hughes
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J Willett
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Abena S Amoah
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Malawi; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amelia Crampin
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Malawi; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Ouedraogo S, Traoré IT, Kania D, Kaboré NF, Mamguem Kamga A, Badolo H, Yara M, Sanou G, Koné A, Kagoné ST, Ouédraogo E, Konaté B, Médah R, de Rekeneire N, Poda A, Diendere AE, Ouédraogo B, Billa O, Paradis G, Tinto H, Dabakuyo‐Yonli TS. The burden of the coronavirus disease 2019 virus infection in Burkina Faso: Results from a World Health Organization UNITY population-based, age-stratified sero-epidemiological investigation. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13216. [PMID: 38019697 PMCID: PMC10655778 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to estimate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in the general population of Bobo-Dioulasso and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). METHODS We collected from March to April 2021 blood samples from randomly selected residents in both main cities based on the World Health Organization (WHO) sero-epidemiological investigations protocols and tested them with WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits intended for qualitative assessment. We also recorded participants' socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and information on exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Data were analysed with descriptive and comparative statistics. RESULTS We tested 5240 blood samples collected between 03 March and 16 April 2021. The overall test-adjusted seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was (67.8% [95% CI 65.9-70.2]) (N = 3553/3982). Seroprevalence was highest among participants aged 15-18 years old (74.2% [95% CI 70.5-77.5]) (N = 465/627), compared with those aged 10-14 years old (62.6% [95% CI 58.7-66.4]) (N = 395/631), or those over 18 (67.6% [95% CI 66.2-69.1]) (N = 2693/3982). Approximately 71.0% (601/860) of participants aged 10-18 years old who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies experienced no clinical COVID-19 symptoms in the weeks before the survey, compared with 39.3% (1059/2693) among those aged over 18 years old. CONCLUSION This study reports the results of the first known large serological survey in the general population of Burkina Faso. It shows high circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in the two cities and a high proportion of asymptomatic adolescents. Further studies are needed to identify the SARS-CoV-2 variants and to elucidate the factors protecting some infected individuals from developing clinical COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiratou Ouedraogo
- Observatoire national de la santé de la population (ONSP)Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ)MontrealQuebecCanada
- The Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Isidore Tiandiogo Traoré
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé PubliqueBobo‐DioulassoBurkina Faso
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé (INSSA)Université Nazi BoniBobo‐DioulassoBurkina Faso
| | - Dramane Kania
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé PubliqueBobo‐DioulassoBurkina Faso
| | | | - Ariane Mamguem Kamga
- Epidemiology and Quality of Life Research Unit, INSERM U1231Georges Francois Leclerc Centre—UNICANCERDijonFrance
| | - Hermann Badolo
- Observatoire national de la santé de la population (ONSP)Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Mimbouré Yara
- Observatoire national de la santé de la population (ONSP)Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Guillaume Sanou
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le PaludismeInstitut National de Santé PubliqueOuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Amariane Koné
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé PubliqueBobo‐DioulassoBurkina Faso
| | | | - Esperance Ouédraogo
- Département de médicine, pharmacopée traditionnelle et pharmacieInstitut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS)—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Blahima Konaté
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé PubliqueBobo‐DioulassoBurkina Faso
- Institut des Sciences des Sociétés (INSS)—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Rachel Médah
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé PubliqueBobo‐DioulassoBurkina Faso
| | - Nathalie de Rekeneire
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé PubliqueBobo‐DioulassoBurkina Faso
- Expertise FranceParisFrance
| | - Armel Poda
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé (INSSA)Université Nazi BoniBobo‐DioulassoBurkina Faso
- Service des maladies infectieusesCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô SanouBobo‐DioulassoBurkina Faso
| | | | - Boukary Ouédraogo
- Direction des systèmes d'information en santé (DSIS), Ministère de la santé et de l'hygiène publiqueOuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Oumar Billa
- Epidemiology and Quality of Life Research Unit, INSERM U1231Georges Francois Leclerc Centre—UNICANCERDijonFrance
| | - Gilles Paradis
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ)MontrealQuebecCanada
- The Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS)—Unité de Recherche Clinique de NanoroCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
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Sandie AB, Ngo Sack F, Medi Sike CI, Mendimi Nkodo J, Ngegni H, Ateba Mimfoumou HG, Lobe SA, Choualeu Noumbissi D, Tchuensou Mfoubi F, Tagnouokam Ngoupo PA, Ayong L, Njouom R, Tejiokem MC. Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adult Populations in Cameroon: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study Among Blood Donors in the Cities of Yaoundé and Douala. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2023; 13:266-278. [PMID: 37129837 PMCID: PMC10152017 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Over a period of about 9 months, we conducted three serosurveys in the two major cities of Cameroon to determine the prevalence of SARS-COV-2 antibodies and to identify factors associated with seropositivity in each survey. We conducted three independent cross-sectional serosurveys of adult blood donors at the Central Hospital in Yaoundé (CHY), the Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé (JHY) and at the Laquintinie Hospital in Douala (LHD) who consented in writing to participate. Before blood sampling, a short questionnaire was administered to participants to collect their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. We included a total of 743, 1202, and 1501 participants in the first (January 25-February 15, 2021), second (May 03-28, 2021), and third (November 29-December 31, 2021) surveys, respectively. The adjusted seroprevalence increased from 66.3% (95% CrI 61.1-71.3) in the first survey to 87.2% (95% CrI 84.0-90.0) in the second survey, and 98.4% (95% CrI 96.8-99.7) in the third survey. In the first survey, study site, participant occupation, and comorbid conditions were associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, whereas only study site remained associated in the second survey. None of the factors studied was significantly associated with seropositivity in the third survey. Together, the data suggest a rapid initial spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the study population, independent of the sociodemographic parameters assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsène Brunelle Sandie
- Service d’épidémiologie Et de Santé Publique, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, 451, Street 2005, Yaounde 2, P.O. Box: 1274, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- African Population and Health Research Center, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Diane Choualeu Noumbissi
- Service d’épidémiologie Et de Santé Publique, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, 451, Street 2005, Yaounde 2, P.O. Box: 1274, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Fabrice Tchuensou Mfoubi
- Service d’épidémiologie Et de Santé Publique, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, 451, Street 2005, Yaounde 2, P.O. Box: 1274, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Lawrence Ayong
- Service de Paludisme, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Service de Virologie, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Mathurin Cyrille Tejiokem
- Service d’épidémiologie Et de Santé Publique, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, 451, Street 2005, Yaounde 2, P.O. Box: 1274, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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7
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Dabitao D, Shaw-Saliba K, Konate DS, Highbarger HC, Lallemand P, Sanogo I, Rehman T, Wague M, Coulibaly N, Kone B, Baya B, Diakite SAS, Samake S, Akpa E, Tounkara M, Laverdure S, Doumbia S, Lane HC, Diakite M, Dewar RL. Clinical evaluation of commercial SARS-CoV-2 serological assays in a malaria endemic setting. J Immunol Methods 2023; 517:113488. [PMID: 37179012 PMCID: PMC10174340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The levels of immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination are poorly understood in African populations and is complicated by cross-reactivity to endemic pathogens as well as differences in host responsiveness. To begin to determine the best approach to minimize false positive antibody levels to SARS-CoV-2 in an African population, we evaluated three commercial assays, namely Bio-Rad Platelia SARS-CoV-2 Total Antibody (Platelia), Quanterix Simoa Semi-Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Test (anti-Spike), and the GenScript cPass™ SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody Detection Kit (cPass) using samples collected in Mali in West Africa prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. A total of one hundred samples were assayed. The samples were categorized in two groups based on the presence or absence of clinical malaria. Overall, thirteen out of one hundred (13/100) samples were false positives with the Bio-Rad Platelia assay and one of the same one hundred (1/100) was a false positive with the anti-Spike IgG Quanterix assay. None of the samples tested with the GenScript cPass assay were positive. False positives were more common in the clinical malaria group, 10/50 (20%) vs. the non-malaria group 3/50 (6%); p = 0.0374 using the Bio-Rad Platelia assay. Association between false positive results and parasitemia by Bio-Rad remained evident, after adjusting for age and sex in multivariate analyses. In summary, the impact of clinical malaria on assay performance appears to depend on the assay and/or antigen being used. A careful evaluation of any given assay in the local context is a prerequisite for reliable serological assessment of anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djeneba Dabitao
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), West Africa, Mali.
| | - Kathryn Shaw-Saliba
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch (CCRB), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Drissa S Konate
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), West Africa, Mali
| | - Helene C Highbarger
- Virus Isolation and Serology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory (FNL)
| | - Perrine Lallemand
- Virus Isolation and Serology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory (FNL)
| | - Ibrahim Sanogo
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), West Africa, Mali
| | - Tauseef Rehman
- Virus Isolation and Serology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory (FNL)
| | - Mamadou Wague
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), West Africa, Mali
| | - Nadie Coulibaly
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), West Africa, Mali
| | - Bourahima Kone
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), West Africa, Mali
| | - Bocar Baya
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), West Africa, Mali
| | - Seidina A S Diakite
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), West Africa, Mali
| | - Seydou Samake
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), West Africa, Mali
| | - Esther Akpa
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch (CCRB), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Moctar Tounkara
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), West Africa, Mali
| | - Sylvain Laverdure
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory (FNL)
| | - Seydou Doumbia
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), West Africa, Mali
| | - H Clifford Lane
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch (CCRB), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mahamadou Diakite
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), West Africa, Mali
| | - Robin L Dewar
- Virus Isolation and Serology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory (FNL)
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8
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Diallo MSK, Amougou-Atsama M, Ayouba A, Kpamou C, Mimbe Taze ED, Thaurignac G, Diallo H, Lamare NB, Bouillin J, Soumah AK, Noah SA, Guichet E, Keita AK, Varloteaux M, Peeters M, Bissek ACZK, Toure A, Delaporte E, Kouanfack C. Large Diffusion of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 After the Successive Epidemiological Waves, Including Omicron, in Guinea and Cameroon: Implications for Vaccine Strategies. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad216. [PMID: 37152188 PMCID: PMC10157752 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to estimate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence among the general population in Conakry, Guinea and Yaounde, Cameroon after the coronavirus disease 2019 Omicron wave. Methods We conducted population-based, age-stratified seroprevalence surveys in Conakry and Yaounde (May and June 2022). We collected demographic and epidemiologic information and dried blood spot samples that were tested for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using recombinant nucleocapsid and spike proteins with Luminex technology. Results Samples were obtained from 1386 and 1425 participants in Guinea and Cameroon, respectively. The overall age-standardized SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence against spike and nucleocapsid proteins was 71.57% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67.48%-75.33%) in Guinea and 74.71% (95% CI, 71.99%-77.25%) in Cameroon. Seroprevalence increased significantly with age categories. Female participants were more likely than male participants to be seropositive. The seroprevalence in unvaccinated participants was 69.6% (95% CI, 65.5%-73.41%) in Guinea and 74.8% (95% CI, 72.04%-77.38%) in Cameroon. In multivariate analysis, only age, sex, and education were independently associated with seropositivity. Conclusions These findings show a high community transmission after the different epidemiological waves including Omicron, especially among people aged >40 years. In addition, our results suggest that the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been underestimated as a significant proportion of the population has already contracted the virus and that vaccine strategies should focus on vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou Saliou Kalifa Diallo
- Correspondence: Mamadou Saliou Kalifa Diallo, MD, TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34934 Montpellier, France (); Eric Delaporte, MD, TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France ()
| | - Marie Amougou-Atsama
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Ahidjo Ayouba
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France
| | - Cece Kpamou
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Eric Donald Mimbe Taze
- French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Infectious Diseases, Cameroon Site, Central Hospital of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Guillaume Thaurignac
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France
| | - Haby Diallo
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Nadine Boutgam Lamare
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Julie Bouillin
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France
| | - Abdoul Karim Soumah
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Sébastien Awono Noah
- French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Infectious Diseases, Cameroon Site, Central Hospital of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Emilande Guichet
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France
| | - Alpha Kabinet Keita
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Varloteaux
- French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Infectious Diseases, Cameroon Site, Central Hospital of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Martine Peeters
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Division of Operational Research in Health, Ministry of Public Health of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Eric Delaporte
- Correspondence: Mamadou Saliou Kalifa Diallo, MD, TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34934 Montpellier, France (); Eric Delaporte, MD, TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France ()
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9
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Munyeku-Bazitama Y, Folefack GT, Yambayamba MK, Tshiminyi PM, Kazenza BM, Otshudiema JO, Guinko NT, Umba MD, Mulumba A, Baketana LK, Mukadi PK, Smith C, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Makiala-Mandanda S. High SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence after Second COVID-19 Wave (October 2020-April 2021), Democratic Republic of the Congo. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:89-97. [PMID: 36573545 PMCID: PMC9796206 DOI: 10.3201/eid2901.221009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Serologic surveys are important tools for estimating the true burden of COVID-19 in a given population. After the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections, a household-based survey conducted in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, estimated >292 infections going undiagnosed for every laboratory-confirmed case. To ascertain the cumulative population exposure in Kinshasa after the second wave of COVID-19, we conducted a prospective population-based cross-sectional study using a highly sensitive and specific ELISA kit. The survey included 2,560 consenting persons from 585 households; 55% were female and 45% male. The overall population-weighted, test kit-adjusted SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 76.5% (95% CI 74.5%-78.5%). The seroprevalence was 4-fold higher than during the first wave, and positivity was associated with age, household average monthly income, and level of education. Evidence generated from this population-based survey can inform COVID-19 response, especially vaccination campaign strategies in the context of vaccine shortages and hesitancy.
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10
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Lapidus S, Liu F, Casanovas-Massana A, Dai Y, Huck JD, Lucas C, Klein J, Filler RB, Strine MS, Sy M, Deme AB, Badiane AS, Dieye B, Ndiaye IM, Diedhiou Y, Mbaye AM, Diagne CT, Vigan-Womas I, Mbengue A, Sadio BD, Diagne MM, Moore AJ, Mangou K, Diallo F, Sene SD, Pouye MN, Faye R, Diouf B, Nery N, Costa F, Reis MG, Muenker MC, Hodson DZ, Mbarga Y, Katz BZ, Andrews JR, Campbell M, Srivathsan A, Kamath K, Baum-Jones E, Faye O, Sall AA, Vélez JCQ, Cappello M, Wilson M, Ben-Mamoun C, Tedder R, McClure M, Cherepanov P, Somé FA, Dabiré RK, Moukoko CEE, Ouédraogo JB, Boum Y, Shon J, Ndiaye D, Wisnewski A, Parikh S, Iwasaki A, Wilen CB, Ko AI, Ring AM, Bei AK. Plasmodium infection is associated with cross-reactive antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22175. [PMID: 36550362 PMCID: PMC9778468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sero-surveillance can monitor and project disease burden and risk. However, SARS-CoV-2 antibody test results can produce false positive results, limiting their efficacy as a sero-surveillance tool. False positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody results are associated with malaria exposure, and understanding this association is essential to interpret sero-surveillance results from malaria-endemic countries. Here, pre-pandemic samples from eight malaria endemic and non-endemic countries and four continents were tested by ELISA to measure SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 subunit reactivity. Individuals with acute malaria infection generated substantial SARS-CoV-2 reactivity. Cross-reactivity was not associated with reactivity to other human coronaviruses or other SARS-CoV-2 proteins, as measured by peptide and protein arrays. ELISAs with deglycosylated and desialated Spike S1 subunits revealed that cross-reactive antibodies target sialic acid on N-linked glycans of the Spike protein. The functional activity of cross-reactive antibodies measured by neutralization assays showed that cross-reactive antibodies did not neutralize SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Since routine use of glycosylated or sialated assays could result in false positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody results in malaria endemic regions, which could overestimate exposure and population-level immunity, we explored methods to increase specificity by reducing cross-reactivity. Overestimating population-level exposure to SARS-CoV-2 could lead to underestimates of risk of continued COVID-19 transmission in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lapidus
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Feimei Liu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Arnau Casanovas-Massana
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Yile Dai
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - John D Huck
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Carolina Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jon Klein
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Renata B Filler
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Madison S Strine
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Mouhamad Sy
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide le Dantec Hospital, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Awa B Deme
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide le Dantec Hospital, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Aida S Badiane
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide le Dantec Hospital, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Baba Dieye
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide le Dantec Hospital, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ibrahima Mbaye Ndiaye
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide le Dantec Hospital, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Younous Diedhiou
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide le Dantec Hospital, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou Moctar Mbaye
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide le Dantec Hospital, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Tidiane Diagne
- DiaTROPIX Rapid Diagnostic Tests Facility, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Inés Vigan-Womas
- Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Alassane Mbengue
- G4-Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches and Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Bacary D Sadio
- Pôle Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Adam J Moore
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Khadidiatou Mangou
- G4-Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches and Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Fatoumata Diallo
- G4-Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches and Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Seynabou D Sene
- G4-Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches and Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mariama N Pouye
- G4-Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches and Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Rokhaya Faye
- Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Babacar Diouf
- Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Nivison Nery
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Federico Costa
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Mitermayer G Reis
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - M Catherine Muenker
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Daniel Z Hodson
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | | | - Ben Z Katz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jason R Andrews
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Campbell
- Yale Center for Clinical Investigation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ariktha Srivathsan
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | | | | | - Ousmane Faye
- Pôle Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Juan Carlos Quintero Vélez
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencias Veterinarias Centauro, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Michael Cappello
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Wilson
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Choukri Ben-Mamoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard Tedder
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
- South London Specialist Virology Centre, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Myra McClure
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Peter Cherepanov
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Crick COVID19 Consortium, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Fabrice A Somé
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS)/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Roch K Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS)/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Carole Else Eboumbou Moukoko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, 2701, BP, Cameroon
- Malaria Research Unit, Center Pasteur Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Bosco Ouédraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS)/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Yap Boum
- Médecins Sans Frontières, University of Yaoundé and Epicentre, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Daouda Ndiaye
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide le Dantec Hospital, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Adam Wisnewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sunil Parikh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Albert I Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Aaron M Ring
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Amy K Bei
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide le Dantec Hospital, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.
- G4-Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches and Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
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11
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Msellati P, Sow K, Desclaux A, Cottrell G, Diallo M, Le Hesran JY, Harczi G, Alfa DA, Touré A, Manigart O. Reconsidering the COVID-19 vaccine strategy in West and Central Africa. Lancet 2022; 400:1304. [PMID: 36244380 PMCID: PMC9560747 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Msellati
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Marseille 13002, France; TransVIHMI, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France.
| | - Khoudia Sow
- Regional Center for Research and Training in Fann Clinic, Dakar, Senegal; ARIACOV project, Montpellier, France
| | - Alice Desclaux
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Marseille 13002, France; ARIACOV project, Montpellier, France; TransVIHMI, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Cottrell
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Marseille 13002, France; ARIACOV project, Montpellier, France; UMR 261 MERIT, Paris, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mamadou Diallo
- COVID-19 Operational Research Group, IRD-WHO for West and Central Africa region, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jean-Yves Le Hesran
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Marseille 13002, France; UMR 261 MERIT, Paris, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Geza Harczi
- West Africa Doctors Without Borders, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Abdoulaye Touré
- ARIACOV project, Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea; Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Olivier Manigart
- GFA Consulting Group, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; PROALAB, West African Health Organization, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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12
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Wolter N, Tempia S, von Gottberg A, Bhiman JN, Walaza S, Kleynhans J, Moyes J, Buys A, McMorrow ML, Aitken S, Magni S, Yun J, Fellows T, Maakamedi T, Weiner R, Cawood C, Martinson N, Lebina L, Jassat W, Brauer M, Cohen C. Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 After the Second Wave in South Africa in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected and Uninfected Persons: A Cross-Sectional Household Survey. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:e57-e68. [PMID: 35271693 PMCID: PMC9047164 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seroprevalence studies are important for quantifying the burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in resource-constrained countries. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional household survey spanning the second pandemic wave (November 2020 to April 2021) in 3 communities. Blood was collected for SARS-CoV-2 antibody (2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays targeting spike and nucleocapsid) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing. An individual was considered seropositive if testing positive on ≥1 assay. Factors associated with infection, and the age-standardized infection case detection rate, infection hospitalization rate, and infection fatality rate were calculated. RESULTS Overall, 7959 participants were enrolled, with a median age of 34 years and an HIV prevalence of 22.7%. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 45.2% (95% confidence interval 43.7%-46.7%) and increased from 26.9% among individuals enrolled in December 2020 to 47.1% among those enrolled in April 2021. On multivariable analysis, seropositivity was associated with age, sex, race, being overweight/obese, having respiratory symptoms, and low socioeconomic status. Persons living with HIV with high viral load were less likely to be seropositive than HIV-uninfected individuals. The site-specific infection case detection rate, infection hospitalization rate, and infection fatality rate ranged across sites from 4.4% to 8.2%, 1.2% to 2.5%, and 0.3% to 0.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS South Africa has experienced a large burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections, with <10% of infections diagnosed. Lower seroprevalence among persons living with HIV who are not virally suppressed, likely as a result of inadequate antibody production, highlights the need to prioritize this group for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wolter
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stefano Tempia
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GeorgiaUSA
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jinal N Bhiman
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sibongile Walaza
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jackie Kleynhans
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jocelyn Moyes
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amelia Buys
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Meredith L McMorrow
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GeorgiaUSA
| | - Sue Aitken
- Genesis Analytics, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sarah Magni
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Genesis Analytics, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jessica Yun
- Genesis Analytics, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Renay Weiner
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Neil Martinson
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, MRC Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Limakatso Lebina
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, MRC Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Waasila Jassat
- Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africaand
| | - Marieke Brauer
- Immunology Department, National Reference Laboratory, Ampath Pathology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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13
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Ridde V, Faye A. Challenges in Implementing the National Health Response to COVID-19 in Senegal. GLOBAL IMPLEMENTATION RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 2:219-233. [PMID: 35967834 PMCID: PMC9361250 DOI: 10.1007/s43477-022-00053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa, many epidemiological or anthropological studies have been published. However, few studies have yet been conducted to understand the implementation of State interventions to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. In Senegal, the national response plan was planned before the country experienced its first official case of COVID-19 on 2 March 2020. This qualitative study, conducted in March and April 2021, based on 189 interviews, aims to understand how the national response has been implemented in several regions of Senegal. Implementation of the response to the pandemic was favoured by good preparation, capacity to adapt, responsiveness of health actors, and commitment for both the political and religious authorities. The implementation response was confronted by several constraining factors such as the coercive approach, the challenges of coordinating actors, and the lack of intersectoral response. The central level has sometimes used reflexivity processes to adapt its response, but it has remained highly politicized, centralized, directive, and with little involvement of civil society. In Senegal, the response to the pandemic has been implemented in a relatively political and directive, even coercive manner, without necessarily considering prior knowledge and the need to adapt it to local contexts and to involve civil society and community actors in the process. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43477-022-00053-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry Ridde
- Institute of Health and Development (ISED), Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
- Université Paris Cité, IRD, Inserm, Ceped, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Adama Faye
- Institute of Health and Development (ISED), Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
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14
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Woodford J, Sagara I, Diawara H, Assadou MH, Katile A, Attaher O, Issiaka D, Santara G, Soumbounou IH, Traore S, Traore M, Dicko OM, Niambele SM, Mahamar A, Kamate B, Haidara B, Sissoko K, Sankare S, Diarra SDK, Zeguime A, Doritchamou JYA, Zaidi I, Dicko A, Duffy PE. Recent malaria does not substantially impact COVID-19 antibody response or rates of symptomatic illness in communities with high malaria and COVID-19 transmission in Mali, West Africa. Front Immunol 2022; 13:959697. [PMID: 35990648 PMCID: PMC9382593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria has been hypothesized as a factor that may have reduced the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa. To evaluate the effect of recent malaria on COVID-19 we assessed a subgroup of individuals participating in a longitudinal cohort COVID-19 serosurvey that were also undergoing intensive malaria monitoring as part of antimalarial vaccine trials during the 2020 transmission season in Mali. These communities experienced a high incidence of primarily asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 during 2020 and 2021. In 1314 individuals, 711 were parasitemic during the 2020 malaria transmission season; 442 were symptomatic with clinical malaria and 269 had asymptomatic infection. Presence of parasitemia was not associated with new COVID-19 seroconversion (29.7% (211/711) vs. 30.0% (181/603), p=0.9038) or with rates of reported symptomatic seroconversion during the malaria transmission season. In the subsequent dry season, prior parasitemia was not associated with new COVID-19 seroconversion (30.2% (133/441) vs. 31.2% (108/346), p=0.7499), with symptomatic seroconversion, or with reversion from seropositive to seronegative (prior parasitemia: 36.2% (64/177) vs. no parasitemia: 30.1% (37/119), p=0.3842). After excluding participants with asymptomatic infection, clinical malaria was also not associated with COVID-19 serostatus or symptomatic seroconversion when compared to participants with no parasitemia during the monitoring period. In communities with intense seasonal malaria and a high incidence of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19, we did not demonstrate a relationship between recent malaria and subsequent response to COVID-19. Lifetime exposure, rather than recent infection, may be responsible for any effect of malaria on COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Woodford
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Issaka Sagara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Halimatou Diawara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadoun Hamady Assadou
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdoulaye Katile
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Oumar Attaher
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Djibrilla Issiaka
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Gaoussou Santara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ibrahim H Soumbounou
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Seydou Traore
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Moussa Traore
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Oumar M Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sidi Mohamed Niambele
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Almahamoudou Mahamar
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Bourama Kamate
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Bayaya Haidara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kourane Sissoko
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Seydou Sankare
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sadio Dite Koni Diarra
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Amatigue Zeguime
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Justin Y A Doritchamou
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Irfan Zaidi
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Patrick E Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
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15
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Woodford J, Sagara I, Dicko A, Duffy PE. Adapting malaria clinical trials infrastructure to implement COVID-19 epidemiology studies: Response to a public health emergency amid safe continuation of a research enterprise. Front Public Health 2022; 10:959678. [PMID: 35958840 PMCID: PMC9358281 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.959678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John Woodford
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: John Woodford
| | - Issaka Sagara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Patrick E. Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
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16
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Ndongo FA, Guichet E, Mimbé ED, Ndié J, Pelloquin R, Varloteaux M, Esemu L, Mpoudi-Etame M, Lamare N, Edoul G, Wouambo RK, Djomsi DM, Tongo M, Tabala FN, Dongmo RK, Diallo MSK, Bouillin J, Thaurignac G, Ayouba A, Peeters M, Delaporte E, Bissek ACZK, Mpoudi-Ngolé E. Rapid Increase of Community SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence during Second Wave of COVID-19, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1233-1236. [PMID: 35470795 PMCID: PMC9155890 DOI: 10.3201/eid2806.212580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted 2 independent population-based SARS-CoV-2 serosurveys in Yaoundé, Cameroon, during January 27–February 6 and April 24–May 19, 2021. Overall age-standardized SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence increased from 18.6% in the first survey to 51.3% in the second (p<0.001). This finding illustrates high community transmission during the second wave of COVID-19.
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17
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Manning J, Zaidi I, Lon C, Rosas LA, Park JK, Ponce A, Bohl J, Chea S, Karkanitsa M, Sreng S, Rekol H, Chour CM, Esposito D, Taubenberger JK, Memoli MJ, Sadtler K, Duffy PE, Oliveira F. SARS-CoV-2 Cross-Reactivity in Prepandemic Serum from Rural Malaria-Infected Persons, Cambodia. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:440-444. [PMID: 35076009 PMCID: PMC8798695 DOI: 10.3201/eid2802.211725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhabitants of the Greater Mekong Subregion in Cambodia are exposed to pathogens that might influence serologic cross-reactivity with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. A prepandemic serosurvey of 528 malaria-infected persons demonstrated higher-than-expected positivity of nonneutralizing IgG to spike and receptor-binding domain antigens. These findings could affect interpretation of large-scale serosurveys.
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18
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Somboro AM, Cissoko Y, Camara I, Kodio O, Tolofoudie M, Dembele E, Togo ACG, Ba DM, Sarro YDS, Baya B, Samake S, Diallo IB, Kumar A, Traore M, Kone B, Kone A, Diarra B, Dabitao DK, Wague M, Dabo G, Doumbia S, Holl JL, Murphy RL, Diallo S, Maiga AI, Maiga M, Dao S. High SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Healthcare Workers in Bamako, Mali. Viruses 2022; 14:102. [PMID: 35062306 PMCID: PMC8780908 DOI: 10.3390/v14010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In Mali, a country in West Africa, cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths among healthcare workers (HCWs) remain enigmatically low, despite a series of waves, circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants, the country's weak healthcare system, and a general lack of adherence to public health mitigation measures. The goal of the study was to determine whether exposure is important by assessing the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in HCWs. The study was conducted between November 2020 and June 2021. HCWs in the major hospitals where COVID-19 cases were being cared for in the capital city, Bamako, Mali, were recruited. During the study period, vaccinations were not yet available. The ELISA of the IgG against the spike protein was optimized and quantitatively measured. A total of 240 HCWs were enrolled in the study, of which seropositivity was observed in 147 cases (61.8%). A continuous increase in the seropositivity was observed, over time, during the study period, from 50% at the beginning to 70% at the end of the study. HCWs who provided direct care to COVID-19 patients and were potentially highly exposed did not have the highest seropositivity rate. Vulnerable HCWs with comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and asthma had even higher seropositivity rates at 77.8%, 75.0%, and 66.7%, respectively. Overall, HCWs had high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, likely reflecting a "herd" immunity level, which could be protective at some degrees. These data suggest that the low number of cases and deaths among HCWs in Mali is not due to a lack of occupational exposure to the virus but rather related to other factors that need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anou M. Somboro
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X5, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Yacouba Cissoko
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Point “G” University Teaching Hospital, Bamako PB 1805, Mali
| | - Issiaka Camara
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Ousmane Kodio
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Mohamed Tolofoudie
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Etienne Dembele
- Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (E.D.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Antieme C. G. Togo
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Djibril M. Ba
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Yeya dit Sadio Sarro
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Bocar Baya
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Seydou Samake
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Ibrahim B. Diallo
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Alisha Kumar
- Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (E.D.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Mohamed Traore
- Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (E.D.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Bourahima Kone
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Amadou Kone
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Bassirou Diarra
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Djeneba K. Dabitao
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Mamadou Wague
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Garan Dabo
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Seydou Doumbia
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Jane L. Holl
- Department of Neurology and Center for Healthcare Delivery Science and Innovation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Robert L. Murphy
- Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (E.D.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Souleymane Diallo
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Almoustapha I. Maiga
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Mamoudou Maiga
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
- Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (E.D.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Sounkalo Dao
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Point “G” University Teaching Hospital, Bamako PB 1805, Mali
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19
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Woodford J, Sagara I, Dicko A, Zeguime A, Doucoure M, Kwan J, Zaidi I, Doritchamou J, Snow-Smith M, Alani N, Renn J, Kosik I, Holly J, Yewdell J, Esposito D, Sadtler K, Duffy P. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seroassay Performance and Optimization in a Population With High Background Reactivity in Mali. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:2001-2009. [PMID: 34612499 PMCID: PMC8522418 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND False positivity may hinder the utility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serological tests in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS From 312 Malian samples collected before 2020, we measured antibodies to the commonly tested SARS-CoV-2 antigens and 4 other betacoronaviruses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In a subset of samples, we assessed antibodies to a panel of Plasmodium falciparum antigens by suspension bead array and functional antiviral activity by SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assay. We then evaluated the performance of an ELISA using SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and receptor-binding domain developed in the United States using Malian positive and negative control samples. To optimize test performance, we compared single- and 2-antigen approaches using existing assay cutoffs and population-specific cutoffs. RESULTS Background reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 antigens was common in prepandemic Malian samples. The SARS-CoV-2 reactivity varied between communities, increased with age, and correlated negligibly/weakly with other betacoronavirus and P falciparum antibodies. No prepandemic samples demonstrated functional activity. Regardless of the cutoffs applied, test specificity improved using a 2-antigen approach. Test performance was optimal using a 2-antigen assay with population-specific cutoffs (sensitivity, 73.9% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 51.6-89.8]; specificity, 99.4% [95% CI, 97.7-99.9]). CONCLUSIONS We have addressed the problem of SARS-CoV-2 seroassay performance in Africa by using a 2-antigen assay with cutoffs defined by performance in the target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Woodford
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Issaka Sagara
- Malaria Research and Training Center/University of Science, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Center/University of Science, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Amatigue Zeguime
- Malaria Research and Training Center/University of Science, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - M’Bouye Doucoure
- Malaria Research and Training Center/University of Science, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jennifer Kwan
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Irfan Zaidi
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Justin Doritchamou
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maryonne Snow-Smith
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nada Alani
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Renn
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivan Kosik
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaroslav Holly
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Yewdell
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dominic Esposito
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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20
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Woodford J, Sagara I, Dicko A, Zeguime A, Doucoure M, Kwan J, Zaidi I, Doritchamou J, Snow-Smith M, Alani N, Renn J, Kosik I, Holly J, Yewdell J, Esposito D, Sadtler K, Duffy P. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seroassay Performance and Optimization in a Population With High Background Reactivity in Mali. J Infect Dis 2021. [PMID: 34612499 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.08.21252784v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND False positivity may hinder the utility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serological tests in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS From 312 Malian samples collected before 2020, we measured antibodies to the commonly tested SARS-CoV-2 antigens and 4 other betacoronaviruses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In a subset of samples, we assessed antibodies to a panel of Plasmodium falciparum antigens by suspension bead array and functional antiviral activity by SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assay. We then evaluated the performance of an ELISA using SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and receptor-binding domain developed in the United States using Malian positive and negative control samples. To optimize test performance, we compared single- and 2-antigen approaches using existing assay cutoffs and population-specific cutoffs. RESULTS Background reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 antigens was common in prepandemic Malian samples. The SARS-CoV-2 reactivity varied between communities, increased with age, and correlated negligibly/weakly with other betacoronavirus and P falciparum antibodies. No prepandemic samples demonstrated functional activity. Regardless of the cutoffs applied, test specificity improved using a 2-antigen approach. Test performance was optimal using a 2-antigen assay with population-specific cutoffs (sensitivity, 73.9% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 51.6-89.8]; specificity, 99.4% [95% CI, 97.7-99.9]). CONCLUSIONS We have addressed the problem of SARS-CoV-2 seroassay performance in Africa by using a 2-antigen assay with cutoffs defined by performance in the target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Woodford
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Issaka Sagara
- Malaria Research and Training Center/University of Science, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Center/University of Science, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Amatigue Zeguime
- Malaria Research and Training Center/University of Science, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - M'Bouye Doucoure
- Malaria Research and Training Center/University of Science, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jennifer Kwan
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Irfan Zaidi
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Justin Doritchamou
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maryonne Snow-Smith
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nada Alani
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Renn
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivan Kosik
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaroslav Holly
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Yewdell
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dominic Esposito
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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21
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Del Brutto OH, Costa AF, Recalde BY, Mera RM. Factors Associated With a Persistent Seronegative Status 1 Year After a SARS-CoV-2 Massive Infection Outbreak in Community Dwellers Living in Rural Ecuador: A Prospective Population-based Study. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 12:21501327211054989. [PMID: 34715744 PMCID: PMC8558583 DOI: 10.1177/21501327211054989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is affecting millions of people living in rural areas of Low- and Middle-Income Countries and is causing an already anticipated devastating effect on the health and economics of these populations. More information is needed to modify behaviors that may counterbalance the consequences of mass spread of the virus in these underserved communities. This study aimed to identify factors associated with a persistent SARS-CoV-2 seronegative status 1 year after a massive infection outbreak in middle-aged and older adults living in rural Ecuador. Methods Individuals enrolled in the Atahualpa Project Cohort as of March 2020 received 5 rounds of tests for determination of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in blood. Individuals who remained seronegative up to April 2021 were considered “persistently seronegative.” An adjusted Poisson regression model was fitted to estimate the incidence risk ratio of factors directly or inversely associated with a persistent seronegative status. Results A total of 673 individuals received baseline tests. Thirty-one declined consent or died and 429 seroconverted, leaving 213 seronegative subjects. Average SARS-CoV-2 incidence rate was 9.87 events (95% C.I.: 8.91-10.83) per 100 person-months of observation. The use of flushing toilet systems (instead of open latrines) increased 1.5 times the possibility of remaining seronegative. Likewise, every additional bedroom in the house increased by 15% the possibility of remaining seronegative. In contrast, every additional person in the house and having high cholesterol levels significantly reduced the possibility of remaining seronegative. Conclusions The use of flushing toilet systems and the number of bedrooms in the house directly influenced the possibility of remaining seronegative among individuals living in this rural setting. Study results also demonstrated a sustained transmission of the virus even after a significant proportion of the population has been infected. Our findings reinforce the mass spread of SARS-CoV-2 in rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aldo F Costa
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Bettsy Y Recalde
- Universidad Espíritu Santo - Ecuador, Samborondón, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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22
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Manning J, Zaidi I, Lon C, Rosas LA, Park JK, Ponce A, Bohl J, Chea S, Karkanitsa M, Sreng S, Rekol H, Chour CM, Esposito D, Taubenberger JK, Memoli MJ, Sadtler K, Duffy PE, Oliveira F. Pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 serological reactivity in rural malaria-experienced Cambodians. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.09.27.21264000. [PMID: 34611671 PMCID: PMC8491862 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.27.21264000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Greater Mekong inhabitants are exposed to pathogens, zoonotic and otherwise, that may influence SARS-CoV-2 seroreactivity. A pre-pandemic (2005 to 2011) serosurvey of from 528 malaria-experienced Cambodians demonstrated higher-than-expected (up to 13.8 %) positivity of non-neutralizing IgG to SARS-CoV-2 spike and RBD antigens. These findings have implications for interpreting large-scale serosurveys. ARTICLE SUMMARY LINE In the pre-COVID19 pandemic years of 2005 to 2011, malaria experienced Cambodians from rural settings had higher-than-expected seroreactivity to SARS-CoV-2 spike and receptor binding domain proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Manning
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Irfan Zaidi
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chanthap Lon
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luz Angela Rosas
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jae-Keun Park
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aiyana Ponce
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Bohl
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophana Chea
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Sokunthea Sreng
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Huy Rekol
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Char Meng Chour
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Dominic Esposito
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Memoli
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick E Duffy
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Fabiano Oliveira
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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