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Wu Y, Wang X, Huang Y, Chen R, Xu Y, Wei W, Qin F, Yuan Z, Su J, Chen X, Liu J, Wen L, Shi M, Qin T, Liao Y, Lu B, Tao X, Wang C, Chen S, Li J, Liu WJ, Ye L, Liang H, Jiang J. Immunogenicity of an Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in People Living with HIV in Guangxi, China: A Prospective Cohort Study. Viruses 2024; 16:1481. [PMID: 39339957 PMCID: PMC11437430 DOI: 10.3390/v16091481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The inactivated COVID-19 vaccine has demonstrated high efficacy in the general population through extensive clinical and real-world studies. However, its effectiveness in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those living with HIV (PLWH), remains limited. In this study, 20 PLWH and 15 HIV-seronegative individuals were recruited to evaluate the immunogenicity of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in PLWH through a prospective cohort study. The median age of the 20 PLWH and 15 HIV-seronegative individuals was 42 years and 31 years, respectively. Of the PLWH, nine had been on ART for over five years. The median anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG antibody level on d224 was higher than that on d42 (8188.7 ng/mL vs. 3200.9 ng/mL, P < 0.05). Following COVID-19 infection, the antibody level increased to 29,872.5 ng/mL on dre+90, 12.19 times higher than that on d300. Compared with HIV-seronegative individuals, the antibody level in PLWH was lower on d210 (183.3 ng/mL vs. 509.3 ng/mL, P < 0.01), while there was no difference after d224. The symptoms of COVID-19 infection in PLWH were comparable to those in HIV-seronegative individuals. In this study, the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine demonstrated good immunogenicity in PLWH. The protective benefit of booster vaccinations for PLWH cannot be ignored. Implementing a booster vaccination policy for PLWH is an effective approach to providing better protection against the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yunxuan Huang
- Guigang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guigang 537100, China
| | - Rongfeng Chen
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yuexiang Xu
- Guigang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guigang 537100, China
| | - Wudi Wei
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Fengxiang Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zongxiang Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jinming Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Liufang Wen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Minjuan Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Tongxue Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yinlu Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Beibei Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xing Tao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Cuixiao Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jinmiao Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - William J Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Junjun Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Wang Y, Guo L, Fan G, Han Y, Zhang Q, Wang W, Ren L, Zhang H, Wang G, Zhang X, Huang T, Chen L, Huang L, Gu X, Cui D, Wang X, Zhong J, Wang Y, Li H, Huang C, Wang J, Cao B. Effect of Corticosteroids on Long-Term Humoral and Memory T-Cell Responses in Follow-Up Visit of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19. Chest 2024; 166:281-293. [PMID: 38431050 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticosteroids have beneficial effects in improving outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 by suppressing excessive immune responses. However, the effect of corticosteroids on the humoral and T-cell responses of survivors of COVID-19 1 year after infection remains uncertain, as it relates to the extent of immediate, antigen-specific defense provided by protective memory. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the effect of corticosteroids on long-term humoral and T-cell immune responses? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In this retrospective cohort study conducted at a single center, we analyzed data from a cohort who had survived COVID-19 to compare the 1-year seropositivity and titer changes in neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. Additionally, we evaluated the magnitude and rate of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response in individuals who received corticosteroids during hospitalization and those who did not. RESULTS Our findings indicated that corticosteroids do not statistically influence the kinetics or seropositive rate of NAbs against the Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2 from 6 months to 1 year. However, subgroup analysis revealed a numerical increase of NAbs titers, from 20.0 to 28.2, in categories where long-term (> 15 days) and high-dose (> 560 mg) corticosteroids were administered. Similarly, corticosteroids showed no significant effect on nucleoprotein and receptor-binding domain IgG at 1 year, except for spike protein IgG (β, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.04-0.12), which demonstrated a delayed decline of titers. Regarding T-cell immunity, corticosteroids did not affect the rate or magnitude of T-cell responses significantly. However, functional assessment of memory T cells revealed higher interferon-γ responses in CD4 (β, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.10-1.12) and CD8 (β, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.11-1.15) memory T cells in the corticosteroids group at 1 year. INTERPRETATION Based on our findings, short-term and low-dose corticosteroid therapy during hospitalization does not appear to have a significant effect on long-term humoral kinetics or the magnitude and rate of memory T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. However, the potential harmful effects of long-term and high-dose corticosteroid use on memory immune responses require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeming Wang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Li Guo
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Guohui Fan
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | | | - Qiao Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Weiyang Wang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Lili Ren
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Geng Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH); Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Chen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | | | - Xiaoying Gu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Dan Cui
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Xinming Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Jingchuan Zhong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Ying Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Hui Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | | | - Jianwei Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Bin Cao
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing.
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3
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Kapten K, Orczyk K, Smolewska E. Application of Interferon-γ Release Assay in the Assessment of T-Cell Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Antigens in the Cohort of Pediatric Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:736. [PMID: 38929315 PMCID: PMC11201484 DOI: 10.3390/children11060736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background: an accurate assessment of the immunity against SARS-CoV-2 can facilitate a better understanding and management of not only the recent coronavirus but similar pathogens as well. Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate T-cell immunity with reference to antibody titers in a group of pediatric patients with autoimmune arthritides utilizing the widely known Interferon-γ Release Assay (IGRA). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the cohort of 55 children suffering from Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). This research analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response measured by a specific quantitative IGRA, followed by a serological ELISA test measuring the presence and quantity of IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies in serum. Results: The cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 measured by the IGRA test significantly correlated with the antibody titers, IgA (p < 0.00003, R = 0.537), IgG (p < 0.0001, R = 0.668), and IgG nucleocapsid protein (NCP) (p < 0.003, R = 0.0399), with no correlation with IgM levels. The antibody levels in patients receiving biological agents were significantly lower compared to the rest of the cohort (p = 0.0369), while traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs had no such effect. Limitations: the main limitation of the research is the small sample size, mostly due to the specific cohort of patients and the lack of a healthy control. Conclusions: IGRA appears to be a viable tool in the accurate evaluation of T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2, and serodiagnostics alone is not always sufficient in the assessment of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kapten
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Orczyk
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 91-347 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Elzbieta Smolewska
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland;
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Wang X, Zhang J, Liu M, Guo Y, Guo P, Yang X, Shang B, Li M, Tian J, Zhang T, Wang X, Jin R, Zhou J, Gao GF, Liu J. Nonconserved epitopes dominate reverse preexisting T cell immunity in COVID-19 convalescents. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:160. [PMID: 38866784 PMCID: PMC11169541 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is continuously consolidated across the world during the ongoing pandemic. However, the potential function of the nonconserved epitopes in the reverse preexisting cross-reactivity induced by SARS-CoV-2 to other human coronaviruses is not well explored. In our research, we assessed T cell responses to both conserved and nonconserved peptides shared by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, identifying cross-reactive CD8+ T cell epitopes using enzyme-linked immunospot and intracellular cytokine staining assays. Then, in vitro refolding and circular dichroism were performed to evaluate the thermal stability of the HLA/peptide complexes. Lastly, single-cell T cell receptor reservoir was analyzed based on tetramer staining. Here, we discovered that cross-reactive T cells targeting SARS-CoV were present in individuals who had recovered from COVID-19, and identified SARS-CoV-2 CD8+ T cell epitopes spanning the major structural antigens. T cell responses induced by the nonconserved peptides between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV were higher and played a dominant role in the cross-reactivity in COVID-19 convalescents. Cross-T cell reactivity was also observed within the identified series of CD8+ T cell epitopes. For representative immunodominant peptide pairs, although the HLA binding capacities for peptides from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV were similar, the TCR repertoires recognizing these peptides were distinct. Our results could provide beneficial information for the development of peptide-based universal vaccines against coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, P.R. China
| | - Maoshun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Peipei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Bingli Shang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Min Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jinmin Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, P.R. China
| | - Ronghua Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, P.R. China
| | - Jikun Zhou
- Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
| | - George F Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China.
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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5
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Livieratos A, Gogos C, Akinosoglou K. Impact of Prior COVID-19 Immunization and/or Prior Infection on Immune Responses and Clinical Outcomes. Viruses 2024; 16:685. [PMID: 38793566 PMCID: PMC11125779 DOI: 10.3390/v16050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular and humoral immunity exhibit dynamic adaptation to the mutating SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is noteworthy that immune responses differ significantly, influenced by whether a patient has received vaccination or whether there is co-occurrence of naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity, known as hybrid immunity. The different immune reactions, conditional on vaccination status and the viral variant involved, bear implications for inflammatory responses, patient outcomes, pathogen transmission rates, and lingering post-COVID conditions. Considering these developments, we have performed a review of recently published literature, aiming to disentangle the intricate relationships among immunological profiles, transmission, the long-term health effects post-COVID infection poses, and the resultant clinical manifestations. This investigation is directed toward understanding the variability in the longevity and potency of cellular and humoral immune responses elicited by immunization and hybrid infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charalambos Gogos
- Department of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece; (C.G.); (K.A.)
| | - Karolina Akinosoglou
- Department of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece; (C.G.); (K.A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
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6
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Li L, Wang F, He X, Pei T, Lu J, Zhang Z, Zhao P, Xue J, Zhu L, Chen X, Yan Z, Lu Y, Zhuang J. Longitudinal Dynamics of Immune Response in Occupational Populations Post COVID-19 Infection in the Changning District of Shanghai, China. Viruses 2024; 16:672. [PMID: 38793554 PMCID: PMC11125686 DOI: 10.3390/v16050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the long-term changes in antibody and cellular immunity following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is crucial for understanding immune mechanisms that prevent reinfection. In March 2023, we recruited 167 participants from the Changning District, Shanghai, China. A subset of 66 participants that were infected between November 2022 and January 2023 was selected for longitudinal follow-up. The study aimed to investigate the dynamics of the immune response, including neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), anti-spike (S)-immunoglobulin G (IgG), anti-S-IgM, and lymphocyte profiles, by analyzing peripheral blood samples collected three to seven months post infection. A gradual decrease in NAbs and IgG levels were observed from three to seven months post infection. No significant differences in NAbs and IgG titers were found across various demographics, including age, sex, occupation, and symptomatic presentation, across five follow-up assessments. Additionally, a strong correlation between NAbs and IgG levels was identified. Lymphocyte profiles showed a slight change at five months but had returned to baseline levels by seven months post infection. Notably, healthcare workers exhibited lower B-cell levels compared to police officers. Our study demonstrated that the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection persisted for at least seven months. Similar patterns in the dynamics of antibody responses and cellular immunity were observed throughout this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Shanghai Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai 200051, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (T.P.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.Z.); (J.X.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Fengge Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, 130 Dong’an Road, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong’an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoding He
- Shanghai Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai 200051, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (T.P.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.Z.); (J.X.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Tingting Pei
- Shanghai Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai 200051, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (T.P.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.Z.); (J.X.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Jiani Lu
- Shanghai Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai 200051, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (T.P.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.Z.); (J.X.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Shanghai Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai 200051, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (T.P.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.Z.); (J.X.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Ping Zhao
- Shanghai Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai 200051, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (T.P.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.Z.); (J.X.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Jiayu Xue
- Shanghai Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai 200051, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (T.P.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.Z.); (J.X.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Lin Zhu
- Shanghai Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai 200051, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (T.P.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.Z.); (J.X.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Shanghai Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai 200051, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (T.P.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.Z.); (J.X.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zijie Yan
- Shanghai Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai 200051, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (T.P.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.Z.); (J.X.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yihan Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, 130 Dong’an Road, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong’an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianlin Zhuang
- Shanghai Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai 200051, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (T.P.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.Z.); (J.X.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
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7
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Domènech-Montoliu S, Puig-Barberà J, Pac-Sa MR, Orrico-Sanchéz A, Gómez-Lanas L, Sala-Trull D, Domènech-Leon C, Del Rio-González A, Sánchez-Urbano M, Satorres-Martinez P, Aparisi-Esteve L, Badenes-Marques G, Blasco-Gari R, Casanova-Suarez J, Gil-Fortuño M, Hernández-Pérez N, Jovani-Sales D, López-Diago L, Notari-Rodríguez C, Pérez-Olaso O, Romeu-Garcia MA, Ruíz-Puig R, Arnedo-Pena A. Cellular Immunity of SARS-CoV-2 in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Nested Case-Control Study. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2024; 5:167-186. [PMID: 38651389 PMCID: PMC11036210 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia5020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Our goal was to determine the cellular immune response (CIR) in a sample of the Borriana COVID-19 cohort (Spain) to identify associated factors and their relationship with infection, reinfection and sequelae. We conducted a nested case-control study using a randomly selected sample of 225 individuals aged 18 and older, including 36 individuals naïve to the SARS-CoV-2 infection and 189 infected patients. We employed flow-cytometry-based immunoassays for intracellular cytokine staining, using Wuhan and BA.2 antigens, and chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Logistic regression models were applied. A total of 215 (95.6%) participants exhibited T-cell response (TCR) to at least one antigen. Positive responses of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were 89.8% and 85.3%, respectively. No difference in CIR was found between naïve and infected patients. Patients who experienced sequelae exhibited a higher CIR than those without. A positive correlation was observed between TCR and anti-spike IgG levels. Factors positively associated with the TCR included blood group A, number of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses received, and anti-N IgM; factors inversely related were the time elapsed since the last vaccine dose or infection, and blood group B. These findings contribute valuable insights into the nuanced immune landscape shaped by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Puig-Barberà
- Vaccines Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in Valencia Region FISABIO-Public Health, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.-B.); (A.O.-S.)
| | - María Rosario Pac-Sa
- Public Health Center, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (M.R.P.-S.); (M.A.R.-G.)
| | - Alejandro Orrico-Sanchéz
- Vaccines Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in Valencia Region FISABIO-Public Health, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.-B.); (A.O.-S.)
- Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Secretary of Chair of Vaccines Catholic University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorna Gómez-Lanas
- Emergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (D.S.-T.); (M.S.-U.); (P.S.-M.); (G.B.-M.); (R.B.-G.); (D.J.-S.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.)
| | - Diego Sala-Trull
- Emergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (D.S.-T.); (M.S.-U.); (P.S.-M.); (G.B.-M.); (R.B.-G.); (D.J.-S.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.)
| | - Carmen Domènech-Leon
- Department of Medicine, University CEU Cardenal Herrera, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain;
| | | | - Manuel Sánchez-Urbano
- Emergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (D.S.-T.); (M.S.-U.); (P.S.-M.); (G.B.-M.); (R.B.-G.); (D.J.-S.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.)
| | - Paloma Satorres-Martinez
- Emergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (D.S.-T.); (M.S.-U.); (P.S.-M.); (G.B.-M.); (R.B.-G.); (D.J.-S.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.)
| | | | - Gema Badenes-Marques
- Emergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (D.S.-T.); (M.S.-U.); (P.S.-M.); (G.B.-M.); (R.B.-G.); (D.J.-S.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.)
| | - Roser Blasco-Gari
- Emergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (D.S.-T.); (M.S.-U.); (P.S.-M.); (G.B.-M.); (R.B.-G.); (D.J.-S.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.)
| | | | - María Gil-Fortuño
- Microbiology Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (M.G.-F.); (N.H.-P.); (O.P.-O.)
| | - Noelia Hernández-Pérez
- Microbiology Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (M.G.-F.); (N.H.-P.); (O.P.-O.)
| | - David Jovani-Sales
- Emergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (D.S.-T.); (M.S.-U.); (P.S.-M.); (G.B.-M.); (R.B.-G.); (D.J.-S.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.)
| | - Laura López-Diago
- Clinical Analysis Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain;
| | - Cristina Notari-Rodríguez
- Emergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (D.S.-T.); (M.S.-U.); (P.S.-M.); (G.B.-M.); (R.B.-G.); (D.J.-S.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.)
| | - Oscar Pérez-Olaso
- Microbiology Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (M.G.-F.); (N.H.-P.); (O.P.-O.)
| | | | - Raquel Ruíz-Puig
- Emergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (D.S.-T.); (M.S.-U.); (P.S.-M.); (G.B.-M.); (R.B.-G.); (D.J.-S.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.)
| | - Alberto Arnedo-Pena
- Public Health Center, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (M.R.P.-S.); (M.A.R.-G.)
- Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health Science, Public University Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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8
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Li M, Guo Y, Deng Y, Gao W, Huang B, Yao W, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Huang M, Liu M, Li L, Guo P, Tian J, Wang X, Lin Y, Gan J, Guo Y, Hu Y, Zhang J, Yang X, Shang B, Yang M, Han Y, Wang Y, Cong P, Li M, Chu Q, Zhang D, Wang Q, Zhang T, Wu G, Tan W, Gao GF, Liu J. Long-lasting humoral and cellular memory immunity to vaccinia virus Tiantan provides pre-existing immunity against mpox virus in Chinese population. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113609. [PMID: 38159277 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating immune memory to vaccinia virus and pre-existing immunity to mpox virus (MPXV) among the population is crucial for the global response to this ongoing mpox epidemic. Blood was sampled from vaccinees inoculated with vaccinia virus Tiantan (VTT) strain born before 1981 and unvaccinated control subjects born since 1982. After at least 40 years of the inoculation, 60% or 5% VTT vaccinees possess neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to VTT or MPXV, with at least 50% having T cell memory to VTT protein antigens. Notably, 46.7% vaccinees show pre-existing T cell responses to MPXV. Broad pre-existing CD8+ T cell reactivities to MPXV are detected not only against conserved epitopes but also against variant epitopes between VTT and MPXV. Persistent NAbs and T cell memory to VTT among vaccinees, along with pre-existing T cells to MPXV among both vaccinees and the unvaccinated population, indicate a particular immune barrier to mpox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yao Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenhui Gao
- Chaoyang District for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Baoying Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Weiyong Yao
- Dongba Community Healthcare Service Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yingze Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Dongba Community Healthcare Service Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Mengkun Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Maoshun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lei Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Peipei Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jinmin Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ying Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jinxian Gan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuechao Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Bingli Shang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yang Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yalan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Peilei Cong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mengzhe Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiaohong Chu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Danni Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qihui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Guizhen Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Wenjie Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - George F Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
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9
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Guo L, Zhang Q, Gu X, Ren L, Huang T, Li Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhong J, Wang X, Chen L, Zhang Y, Li D, Fang M, Xu L, Li H, Wang Z, Li H, Bai T, Liu W, Peng Y, Dong T, Cao B, Wang J. Durability and cross-reactive immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 in individuals 2 years after recovery from COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024; 5:e24-e33. [PMID: 38048805 PMCID: PMC10789611 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immunity more than 1 year after initial infection has not been well characterised. The aim of this study was to investigate the durability and cross-reactivity of immunological memory acquired from natural infection against SARS-CoV-2 in individuals recovered from COVID-19 2 years after infection. METHODS In this longitudinal cohort study, we recruited patients who had recovered from laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and were discharged from Jinyintan Hospital (Wuhan, China) between Jan 7 and May 29, 2020. We carried out three successive follow-ups between June 16 and Sept 3, 2020 (6 months), Dec 16, 2020, and Feb 7, 2021 (1 year), and Nov 16, 2021, and Jan 10, 2022 (2 years), in which blood samples were taken. We included participants who did not have re-infection or receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (infected-unvaccinated), and participants who received one to three doses of inactivated vaccine 1-2 years after infection (infected-vaccinated). We evaluated the presence of IgG antibodies, neutralising antibodies, and memory B-cell and memory T-cell responses against the prototype strain and delta and omicron variants. FINDINGS In infected-unvaccinated participants, neutralising antibody titres continually declined from 6-month to 2-year follow-up visits, with a half-life of about 141·2 days. Neutralising antibody responses to omicron sublineages (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.4/5, BF.7, BQ.1, and XBB) were poor. Memory B-cell responses to the prototype strain were retained at 2 years and presented cross-reactivity to the delta and omicron BA.1 variants. The magnitude of interferon γ and T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 were not significantly different between 1 year and 2 years after infection. Multifunctional T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nucleoprotein were detected in most participants. Recognition of the BA.1 variant by memory T cells was not affected in most individuals. The antibody titres and the frequencies of memory B cells, but not memory T cells, increased in infected-vaccinated participants after they received the inactivated vaccine. INTERPRETATION This study improves the understanding of the duration of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity without boosting, which has implications for the design of vaccination regimens and programmes. Our data suggest that memory T-cell responses primed by initial viral infection remain highly cross-reactive after 2 years. With the increasing emergence of variants, effective vaccines should be introduced to boost neutralising antibody and overall T-cell responses to newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants. FUNDING Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities for Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Natural Science Foundation, UK Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Gu
- Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Ren
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanan Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jingchuan Zhong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Chen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Danyang Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meiyu Fang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liuhui Xu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zai Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanchun Peng
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tao Dong
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bin Cao
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jianwei Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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10
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Li Y, He J, Zhang Y, Liang D, Zhang J, Ji R, Wu Y, Su Z, Ke C, Xu N, Tang Y, Xu J. The instantly blocking-based fluorescent immunochromatographic assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1203625. [PMID: 37736103 PMCID: PMC10509472 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1203625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction At present, there is an urgent need for the rapid and accurate detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to evaluate the ability of the human body to resist coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after infection or vaccination. The current gold standard for neutralizing antibody detection is the conventional virus neutralization test (cVNT), which requires live pathogens and biosafety level-3 (BSL-3) laboratories, making it difficult for this method to meet the requirements of large-scale routine detection. Therefore, this study established a time-resolved fluorescence-blocking lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (TRF-BLFIA) that enables accurate, rapid quantification of NAbs in subjects. Methods This assay utilizes the characteristic that SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody can specifically block the binding of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to rapidly detect the content of neutralizing antibody in COVID-19-infected patients and vaccine recipients. Results When 356 samples of vaccine recipients were measured, the coincidence rate between this method and cVNT was 88.76%, which was higher than the coincidence rate of 76.97% between cVNT and a conventional chemiluminescence immunoassay detecting overall binding anti-Spike-IgG. More importantly, this assay does not need to be carried out in BSL-2 or 3 laboratories. Discussion Therefore, this product can detect NAbs in COVID-19 patients and provide a reference for the prognosis and outcome of patients. Simultaneously, it can also be applied to large-scale detection to better meet the needs of neutralizing antibody detection after vaccination, making it an effective tool to evaluate the immunoprotective effect of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyong He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruili Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zejie Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Changwen Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Laboratory Science, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Maoming Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Maoming, Guangdong, China
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11
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Liu M, Zhang J, Li L, Tian J, Yang M, Shang B, Wang X, Li M, Li H, Yue C, Yao S, Lin Y, Guo Y, Zong K, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Cai K, Dong S, Xu S, Zhan J, Gao GF, Liu WJ. Inactivated vaccine fueled adaptive immune responses to Omicron in 2-year COVID-19 convalescents. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28998. [PMID: 37548149 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Over 3 years, humans have experienced multiple rounds of global transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. In addition, the widely used vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 involve multiple strategies of development and inoculation. Thus, the acquired immunity established among humans is complicated, and there is a lack of understanding within a panoramic vision. Here, we provided the special characteristics of the cellular and humoral responses in 2-year convalescents after inactivated vaccines, in parallel to vaccinated COVID-19 naïve persons and unvaccinated controls. The decreasing trends of the IgG, IgA, and NAb, but not IgM of the convalescents were reversed by the vaccination. Both cellular and humoral immunity in convalescents after vaccination were higher than the vaccinated COVID-19 naïve persons. Notably, inoculation with inactivated vaccine fueled the NAb to BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 in 2-year convalescents, much higher than the NAb during 6 months and 1 year after symptoms onset. And no obvious T cell escaping to the S protein was observed in 2-year convalescents after inoculation. The study provides insight into the complicated features of human acquired immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and variants in the real world, indicating that promoting vaccine inoculation is essential for achieving herd immunity against emerging variants, especially in convalescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshun Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Jinmin Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Bingli Shang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Min Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Can Yue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Yao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Ying Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Kexin Zong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Danni Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Yingze Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Kun Cai
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Dong
- Macheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huanggang, China
| | - Shengping Xu
- Macheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huanggang, China
| | - Jianbo Zhan
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - George F Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - William J Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Pitiriga VC, Papamentzelopoulou M, Konstantinakou KE, Theodoridou K, Vasileiou IV, Tsakris A. SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Immunity Responses following Natural Infection and Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1186. [PMID: 37515000 PMCID: PMC10384199 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity is rapidly activated following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination and is crucial for controlling infection progression and severity. The aim of the present study was to compare the levels of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 between cohorts of subjects with hybrid immunity (convalescent and vaccinated), vaccinated naïve (non-exposed) and convalescent unvaccinated subjects. (2) Methods: We performed a retrospective descriptive analysis of data collected from the medical records of adult individuals who were consecutively examined at a large, private Medical Center of Attica from September 2021 to September 2022 in order to be examined on their own initiative for SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity response. They were divided into three groups: Group A: SARS-CoV-2 convalescent and vaccinated subjects; Group B: SARS-CoV-2 naïve vaccinated subjects; Group C: SARS-CoV-2 convalescent unvaccinated subjects. The SARS-CoV-2 T cell response was estimated against spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) structural proteins by performing the methodology T-SPOT.COVID test. (3) Results: A total of 530 subjects were retrospectively included in the study, 252 females (47.5%) and 278 (52.5%) males ranging from 13 to 92 years old (mean 55.68 ± 17.0 years). Among them, 66 (12.5%) were included in Group A, 284 (53.6%) in Group B and 180 (34.0%) in Group C. Among the three groups, a reaction against S antigen was reported in 58/66 (87.8%) of Group A, 175/284 (61.6%) of Group B and 146/180 (81.1%) of Group C (chi-square, p < 0.001). Reaction against N antigen was present in 49/66 (74.2%) of Group A and in 140/180 (77.7%) of Group C (chi-square, p = 0.841). The median SFC count for S antigen was 24 (range from 0-218) in Group A, 12 (range from 0-275) in Group B and 18 (range from 0-160) in Group C (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.001; pairwise comparisons: groups A-B, p < 0.001; groups A-C, p = 0.147; groups B-C, p < 0.001). The median SFCs count for N antigen was 13 (range 0-82) for Group A and 18 (range 0-168) for Group C (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.27 for A-C groups). (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that natural cellular immunity, either alone or combined with vaccination, confers stronger and more durable protection compared to vaccine-induced cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki C Pitiriga
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Myrto Papamentzelopoulou
- Molecular Biology Unit, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kalliopi Theodoridou
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Irene V Vasileiou
- Bioiatriki Healthcare Group, Kifisias 132 and Papada Street, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
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13
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Fu JYL, Pukhari MH, Bador MK, Sam IC, Chan YF. Humoral and T Cell Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 after Primary and Homologous or Heterologous Booster Vaccinations and Breakthrough Infection: A Longitudinal Cohort Study in Malaysia. Viruses 2023; 15:844. [PMID: 37112825 PMCID: PMC10146761 DOI: 10.3390/v15040844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 could be compromised by the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and it is important to study how it impacts the booster vaccination regime. We investigated the humoral and T cell responses longitudinally in vaccinated uninfected (n = 25) and post-COVID-19 individuals (n = 8), and those who had received a BNT162b2 booster following complete two-doses regimes of either BNT162b2 (homologous) (n = 14) or ChAdOx1-S (heterologous) (n = 15) vaccines, by means of a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization test and QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay. Vaccinated post-COVID-19 individuals showed higher neutralizing antibodies with longer durability against SARS-CoV-2 wild type (WT) and Omicron spikes, but demonstrated similar declining T cell responses compared to the uninfected vaccinated. Two doses of BNT162b2 induced higher neutralizing antibodies against WT and T cell responses than ChAdOx1-S for six months. The BNT162b2 booster confers a greater humoral response against WT, but a similar cross-neutralizing antibody against Omicron and T cell responses in the homologous booster group compared to the heterologous booster group. Breakthrough infection in the homologous booster group (n = 11) significantly increased the neutralizing antibody, but T cell responses remained low. Our data may impact government public health policy regarding the administration of mix-and-match vaccines, where both vaccination regimes can be employed should there be shortages of certain vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Yin Ling Fu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (J.Y.L.F.); (M.H.P.); (M.K.B.); (I.-C.S.)
| | - Muhammad Harith Pukhari
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (J.Y.L.F.); (M.H.P.); (M.K.B.); (I.-C.S.)
| | - Maria Kahar Bador
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (J.Y.L.F.); (M.H.P.); (M.K.B.); (I.-C.S.)
| | - I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (J.Y.L.F.); (M.H.P.); (M.K.B.); (I.-C.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Fun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (J.Y.L.F.); (M.H.P.); (M.K.B.); (I.-C.S.)
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14
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Han L, Wu S, Zhang T, Peng W, Zhao M, Yue C, Wen W, Cai W, Li M, Wallny HJ, Avila DW, Mwangi W, Nair V, Ternette N, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Chai Y, Qi J, Liang H, Gao GF, Kaufman J, Liu WJ. A Wider and Deeper Peptide-Binding Groove for the Class I Molecules from B15 Compared with B19 Chickens Correlates with Relative Resistance to Marek's Disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:668-680. [PMID: 36695776 PMCID: PMC7614295 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The chicken MHC is known to confer decisive resistance or susceptibility to various economically important pathogens, including the iconic oncogenic herpesvirus that causes Marek's disease (MD). Only one classical class I gene, BF2, is expressed at a high level in chickens, so it was relatively easy to discern a hierarchy from well-expressed thermostable fastidious specialist alleles to promiscuous generalist alleles that are less stable and expressed less on the cell surface. The class I molecule BF2*1901 is better expressed and more thermostable than the closely related BF2*1501, but the peptide motif was not simpler as expected. In this study, we confirm for newly developed chicken lines that the chicken MHC haplotype B15 confers resistance to MD compared with B19. Using gas phase sequencing and immunopeptidomics, we find that BF2*1901 binds a greater variety of amino acids in some anchor positions than does BF2*1501. However, by x-ray crystallography, we find that the peptide-binding groove of BF2*1901 is narrower and shallower. Although the self-peptides that bound to BF2*1901 may appear more various than those of BF2*1501, the structures show that the wider and deeper peptide-binding groove of BF2*1501 allows stronger binding and thus more peptides overall, correlating with the expected hierarchies for expression level, thermostability, and MD resistance. Our study provides a reasonable explanation for greater promiscuity for BF2*1501 compared with BF2*1901, corresponding to the difference in resistance to MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
- National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Shaolian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Weiyu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Min Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Can Yue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
- Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100052, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanxin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wenbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Min Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| | | | - David W. Avila
- The Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel CH4001, Switzerland
| | - William Mwangi
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Ternette
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington OX37BN, United Kingdom
| | - Yaxin Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
- Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Yingze Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
- Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Yan Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - George F. Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
- Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Jim Kaufman
- The Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel CH4001, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | - William J. Liu
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
- Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100052, China
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15
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García-García A, Fortuny C, Fumadó V, Jordan I, Ruiz-López L, González-Navarro EA, Egri N, Esteve-Solé A, Luo Y, Vlagea A, Cabedo MM, Launes C, Soler A, Codina A, Juan M, Pascal M, Deyà-Martínez A, Alsina L. Acute and long-term immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated children and young adults with inborn errors of immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1084630. [PMID: 36742319 PMCID: PMC9896004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1084630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe SARS-CoV-2 infection outcome in unvaccinated children and young adults with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and to compare their specific acute and long-term immune responses with a sex-, age-, and severity-matched healthy population (HC). Methods Unvaccinated IEI patients up to 22 years old infected with SARS-CoV-2 were recruited along with a cohort of HC. SARS-CoV-2 serology and ELISpot were performed in the acute phase of infection (up to 6 weeks) and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Results Twenty-five IEI patients (median age 14.3 years, min.-max. range 4.5-22.8; 15/25 males; syndromic combined immunodeficiencies: 48.0%, antibody deficiencies: 16.0%) and 17 HC (median age 15.3 years, min.-max. range 5.4-20.0; 6/17 males, 35.3%) were included. Pneumonia occurred in 4/25 IEI patients. In the acute phase SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulins were positive in all HC but in only half of IEI in whom it could be measured (n=17/25): IgG+ 58.8% (10/17) (p=0.009); IgM+ 41.2% (7/17)(p<0.001); IgA+ 52.9% (9/17)(p=0.003). Quantitative response (index) was also lower compared with HC: IgG IEI (3.1 ± 4.4) vs. HC (3.5 ± 1.5)(p=0.06); IgM IEI (1.9 ± 2.4) vs. HC (3.9 ± 2.4)(p=0.007); IgA IEI (3.3 ± 4.7) vs. HC (4.6 ± 2.5)(p=0.04). ELISpots positivity was qualitatively lower in IEI vs. HC (S-ELISpot IEI: 3/11, 27.3% vs. HC: 10/11, 90.9%; p=0.008; N-ELISpot IEI: 3/9, 33.3% vs. HC: 11/11, 100%; p=0.002) and also quantitatively lower (S-ELISpot IEI: mean index 3.2 ± 5.0 vs. HC 21.2 ± 17.0; p=0.001; N-ELISpot IEI: mean index 9.3 ± 16.6 vs. HC: 39.1 ± 23.7; p=0.004). As for long term response, SARS-CoV-2-IgM+ at 6 months was qualitatively lower in IEI(3/8, 37.5% vs. 9/10 HC: 90.0%; p=0.043), and quantitatively lower in all serologies IgG, M, and A (IEI n=9, 1.1 ± 0.9 vs. HC n=10, 2.1 ± 0.9, p=0.03; IEI n=9, 1.3 ± 1.5 vs. HC n=10, 2.9 ± 2.8, p=0.02; and IEI n=9, 0.6 ± 0.5 vs. HC n=10, 1.7 ± 0.8, p=0.002 -respectively) but there were no differences at remaining time points. Conclusions Our IEI pediatric cohort had a higher COVID-19 pneumonia rate than the general age-range population, with lower humoral and cellular responses in the acute phase (even lower compared to the reported IEI serological response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination), and weaker humoral responses at 6 months after infection compared with HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana García-García
- Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Specializations, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Fortuny
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Specializations, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Research Network in Paediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Fumadó
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Specializations, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Research Network in Paediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iolanda Jordan
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Specializations, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Research Network in Paediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-López
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Natalia Egri
- Department of Immunology-CDB, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Esteve-Solé
- Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yiyi Luo
- Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandru Vlagea
- Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Immunology-CDB, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Monsonís Cabedo
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Launes
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Specializations, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Paediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Soler
- Paediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Codina
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Pathology Department and Biobank Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Juan
- Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Immunology-CDB, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunotherapy Platform, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Pascal
- Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Immunology-CDB, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Allergy - RETIC de Asma, Reacciones Adversas y Alérgicas (ARADYAL), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Deyà-Martínez
- Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Specializations, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Alsina
- Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Specializations, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunotherapy Platform, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Jin X, Liu X, Shen C. A systemic review of T-cell epitopes defined from the proteome of SARS-CoV-2. Virus Res 2023; 324:199024. [PMID: 36526016 PMCID: PMC9757803 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.199024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains in a global pandemic, and no eradicative therapy is currently available. Host T cells have been shown to play a crucial role in the antiviral immune protection and pathology in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients; thus, identifying sufficient T-cell epitopes from the SARS-CoV-2 proteome can contribute greatly to the development of T-cell epitope vaccines and the precise evaluation of host SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immunity. This review presents a comprehensive map of T-cell epitopes functionally validated from SARS-CoV-2 antigens, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) supertypes to present these epitopes, and the strategies to screen and identify T-cell epitopes. To the best of our knowledge, a total of 1349 CD8+ T-cell epitopes and 790 CD4+ T-cell epitopes have been defined by functional experiments thus far, but most are presented by approximately twenty common HLA supertypes, such as HLA-A0201, A2402, B0702, DR15, DR7 and DR11 molecules, and 74-80% of the T-cell epitopes are derived from S protein and nonstructural protein. These data provide useful insight into the development of vaccines and specific T-cell detection systems. However, the currently defined T-cell epitope repertoire cannot cover the HLA polymorphism of major populations in an indicated geographic region. More research is needed to depict an overall landscape of T-cell epitopes, which covers the overall SARS-CoV-2 proteome and global patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Jin
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China 225002; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 210009
| | - Xiaotao Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 210009
| | - Chuanlai Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 210009.
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17
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Yan LN, Li D, Wang ZD, Jiang ZZ, Xiao X, Yu XJ. Neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in COVID-19 convalescents one and a half years after infection. Virus Res 2023; 323:198977. [PMID: 36283534 PMCID: PMC9595495 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines have been considered the most promising solution for ending the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Information regarding neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and T-cell immune response in inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-immunized COVID-19 convalescent patients were either only available for a short time after illness recovered or not available at all (T-cell immunity). We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 NAbs and cellular immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine in convalescent patients who recovered from infection for about one and a half years. We found that compared to before vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 NAbs and specific T-cell responses were significantly boosted by the inactivated vaccine in convalescent patients, which confirmed the pre-existing adaptive immunity in SARS-CoV-2 infected people. We observed that NAbs and IFN-γ-secreting T-cell response elicited by a single vaccine dose in subjects with prior COVID-19 infection were higher than after two doses of vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 naïve subjects. Both humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by one and two doses of inactivated vaccine were comparable in COVID-19-recovered persons. In conclusion, inactivated COVID-19 vaccine induced robust NAbs and T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 convalescent patients and immune responses after one dose were equal to that after receiving two doses, which highlighted that robust humoral and cellular immune response can be reactivated by the inactivated vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhen-Dong Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Ze-Zheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Institute of Epidemic Research, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Xue-Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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18
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Liang H, Nian X, Wu J, Liu D, Feng L, Lu J, Peng Y, Zhou Z, Deng T, Liu J, Ji D, Qiu R, Lin L, Zeng Y, Xia F, Hu Y, Li T, Duan K, Li X, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhu C, Wang S, Wu X, Wang X, Li Y, Huang S, Mao M, Guo H, Yang Y, Jia R, Xufang J, Wang X, Liang S, Qiu Z, Zhang J, Ding Y, Li C, Zhang J, Fu D, He Y, Zhou D, Li C, Zhang J, Yu D, Yang XM. COVID-19 vaccination boosts the potency and breadth of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 among recovered patients in Wuhan. Cell Discov 2022; 8:131. [PMID: 36494338 PMCID: PMC9734167 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunity of patients who recover from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be long lasting but persist at a lower level. Thus, recovered patients still need to be vaccinated to prevent reinfection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or its mutated variants. Here, we report that the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine can stimulate immunity in recovered patients to maintain high levels of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) and anti-nucleocapsid protein (NP) antibody titers within 9 months, and high neutralizing activity against the prototype, Delta, and Omicron strains was observed. Nevertheless, the antibody response decreased over time, and the Omicron variant exhibited more pronounced resistance to neutralization than the prototype and Delta strains. Moreover, the intensity of the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell response was also increased in recovered patients who received COVID-19 vaccines. Overall, the repeated antigen exposure provided by inactivated COVID-19 vaccination greatly boosted both the potency and breadth of the humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, effectively protecting recovered individuals from reinfection by circulating SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xuanxuan Nian
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junzheng Wu
- Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lu Feng
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Lu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Deng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Liu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Deming Ji
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ran Qiu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lianzhen Lin
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Xia
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Taojing Li
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Kai Duan
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinguo Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zejun Wang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shihe Huang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Mao
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huanhuan Guo
- Wuxue Wusheng Plasma Collection Center, Wuxue, Hubei, China
| | - Yunkai Yang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Jia
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Xufang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhixin Qiu
- Wuhan Biobank Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Wuhan Biobank Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yaling Ding
- Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Daoxing Fu
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin He
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongbo Zhou
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Cesheng Li
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jiayou Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Ding Yu
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
- Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China.
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19
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Li Y, Wang X, Shen XR, Geng R, Xie N, Han JF, Zhang QM, Shi ZL, Zhou P. A 1-year longitudinal study on COVID-19 convalescents reveals persistence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immunity. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:902-913. [PMID: 35240947 PMCID: PMC8975172 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2049984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The immune memory of over 400 million COVID-19 convalescents is not completely understood. In this integrated study, we recorded the post-acute sequelae symptoms and tested the immune memories, including circulating antibodies, memory B cell, and memory CD4 or CD8 T cell responses of a cohort of 65 COVID-19 patients over 1-year after infection. Our data show that 48% of them still have one or more sequelae symptoms and all of them maintain at least one of the immune components. The chances of having sequelae symptoms or having better immune memory are associated with peak disease severity. We did four-time points sampling per subject to precisely understand the kinetics of durability of SARS-CoV-2 circulating antibodies. We found that the RBD IgG levels likely reach a stable plateau at around 6 months, albeit it is waning at the first 6 months after infection. At 1-year after infection, more than 90% of the convalescents generated memory CD4 or CD8 T memory responses, preferably against the SARS-CoV-2 M peptide pool. The convalescents also have polyfunctional and central memory T cells that could provide rapid and efficient response to SARS-CoV-2 re-infection. Based on this information, we assessed the immune protection against the Omicron variant and concluded that convalescents should still induce effective T cell immunity against the Omicron. By studying the circulating antibodies and memory B or T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in an integrated manner, our study provides insight into the understanding of protective immunity against diseases caused by secondary SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Anyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Rui Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Xie
- Anyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Feng Han
- Anyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Miao Zhang
- Anyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Decarreaux D, Sevila J, Masse S, Capai L, Fourié T, Villarroel PMS, Amroun A, Nurtop E, Vareille M, Blanchon T, de Lamballerie X, Charrel R, Falchi A. Eight Months of Serological Follow-Up of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in France: A Study among an Adult Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15257. [PMID: 36429974 PMCID: PMC9691066 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncertainties remain regarding the nature and durability of the humoral immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). AIM This study investigated immunoglobulin G response and neutralizing activity to evaluate the mean antibody concentrations and response duration induced by each vaccination regimen in a French adult population. METHODS A study including blood sampling and questionnaires was carried out from November 2020 to July 2021 with three separate follow-up phases. Spike proteins and neutralizing antibodies were quantified using ELISA and a virus-neutralization test. RESULTS Overall, 295 participants were included. Seroprevalences were 11.5% (n = 34), 10.5% (n = 31), and 68.1% (n = 201) in phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Importantly, 5.8% (n = 17) of participants lost their natural antibodies. Antibody response of participants with only a prior infection was 88.2 BAU/mL, significantly lower than those vaccinated, which was 1909.3 BAU/mL (p = 0.04). Moreover, the antibody response of vaccinated participants with a prior infection was higher (3593.8 BAU/mL) than those vaccinated without prior infection (3402.9 BAU/mL) (p = 0.78). Vaccinated participants with or without prior infection had a higher seroneutralization rate (91.0%) than those unvaccinated with prior infection (65.0%). CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that single infection does not confer effective protection against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine Decarreaux
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, UR7310 Bioscope, 20250 Corte, France
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, 75012 Paris, France
- Unité des Virus émergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Julie Sevila
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, UR7310 Bioscope, 20250 Corte, France
| | - Shirley Masse
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, UR7310 Bioscope, 20250 Corte, France
| | - Lisandru Capai
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, UR7310 Bioscope, 20250 Corte, France
| | - Toscane Fourié
- Unité des Virus émergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel
- Unité des Virus émergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Abdennour Amroun
- Unité des Virus émergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Elif Nurtop
- Unité des Virus émergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Vareille
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, UR7310 Bioscope, 20250 Corte, France
| | - Thierry Blanchon
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus émergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Remi Charrel
- Unité des Virus émergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Alessandra Falchi
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, UR7310 Bioscope, 20250 Corte, France
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21
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Fiorino S, Carusi A, Hong W, Cernuschi P, Gallo CG, Ferrara E, Maloberti T, Visani M, Lari F, de Biase D, Zippi M. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: What we know, what we can do to improve them and what we could learn from other well-known viruses. AIMS Microbiol 2022; 8:422-453. [PMID: 36694588 PMCID: PMC9834075 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent weeks, the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections has been progressively increasing all over the globe, even in countries where vaccination programs have been strongly implemented. In these regions in 2021, a reduction in the number of hospitalizations and deaths compared to 2020 was observed. This decrease is certainly associated with the introduction of vaccination measures. The process of the development of effective vaccines represents an important challenge. Overall, the breakthrough infections occurring in vaccinated subjects are in most cases less severe than those observed in unvaccinated individuals. This review examines the factors affecting the immunogenicity of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and the possible role of nutrients in modulating the response of distinct immune cells to the vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirio Fiorino
- Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital, Budrio (Bologna), Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Carusi
- Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital, Budrio (Bologna), Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wandong Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Paolo Cernuschi
- Internal Medicine Unit, Quisana Private Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Thais Maloberti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna-Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Visani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna-Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Lari
- Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital, Budrio (Bologna), Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maddalena Zippi
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
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22
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Panahi Y, Einollahi B, Beiraghdar F, Darvishi M, Fathi S, Javanbakht M, Shafiee S, Akhavan-Sigari R. Fully understanding the efficacy profile of the COVID-19 vaccination and its associated factors in multiple real-world settings. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947602. [PMID: 36389777 PMCID: PMC9641184 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a review study according to recent COVID-19 vaccines' real-world data to provide comparisons between COVID-19 vaccines regarding their relative efficacy. Although most vaccine platforms showed comparable effectiveness and efficacy, we highlight critical points and recent developments generated in studies that might affect vaccine efficacy including population-dependent effects of the vaccine (transplantation, adiposity, and specific comorbidities, as well as older age, male sex, ethnicity, and prior infection), vaccine type, variants of concern (VOC), and an extended vaccine schedule. Owing to these factors, community-based trials can be of great importance in determining vaccine effectiveness in a systematic manner; thus, uncertainty remains regarding vaccine efficacy. Long immune protection of vaccination with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has been demonstrated to be up to 61 months and 5-12 months after the previous infection, and boosting infection-acquired immunity for both the first and second doses of the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines was correlated with high and durable protection. However, large cohort and longitudinal studies are required for the evaluation of immunity dynamics and longevity in unvaccinated, vaccinated, and infected individuals, as well as vaccinated convalescent individuals in real-world settings. Regarding the likelihood of vaccine escape variants evolving, an ongoing examination of the protection conferred against an evolving virus (new variant) by an extended schedule can be crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunes Panahi
- Pharmacotherapy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Einollahi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Beiraghdar
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Fathi
- Department of Parasite Vaccine Research and Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javanbakht
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Shafiee
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Xu J, Liu Y, Zhang F, Wang X, Huang W, Wu Y, Li B, Zhuang J, Bing Y, Wang Y, Qiao Y. Analysis of cross neutralizing activity of antibodies from sera of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients to deal with different genotype strains. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1020545. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV) is a tick-borne virus that causes severe communicable fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) with an average case fatality rate of 10%. In the study, we aimed to identify the cross-neutralizing antibody (nAb) against different genotype strains from sera of SFTSV infected patients.MethodsFirstly the genotype of SFTSV was identified by constructing a phylogenetic tree based on the M segments epidemic in the Jiaodong area of Shandong province, then different sera of subjects cross reactive with recombinant Gn (rGn-Fc) or recombinant Gc (rGc-Fc) of 0921 strain were examined. The levels of polyclonal nAbs from sera of 25 convalescents were measured by a pseudovirus-based neutralizing experiment.ResultsWe found local endemic strains were mainly C2 and C3 isolates of SFTSV. 14 of 15 sera from donors reacted with 0921 rGn-Fc, and 9 of 15 sera from donors reacted with 0921 rGc-Fc. Cross nAbs were produced by 10 of 25 sera from donors during the period of 2019–2021. Among these, five nAbs (A2, A4, A5, L9, and L10) neutralized the pseudoviruses of HB29, Gangwon, HN13, HN20, SPL030A, and SD4 strains.ConclusionOur data suggested that epidemic strains showed relatively stable heredity. Some blood sources from patients produced cross nAbs that could neutralize all of the strains examined. These findings highlight the important role played by humoral immunity in combatting SFTSV.
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24
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Young A. T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2022; 10:25151355221115011. [PMID: 36051003 PMCID: PMC9425900 DOI: 10.1177/25151355221115011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While antibodies garner the lion’s share of attention in SARS-CoV-2 immunity, cellular immunity (T cells) may be equally, if not more important, in controlling infection. Both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells are elicited earlier and are associated with milder disease, than antibodies, and T-cell activation appears to be necessary for control of infection. Variants of concern (VOCs) such as Omicron have escaped the neutralizing antibody responses after two mRNA vaccine doses, but T-cell immunity is largely intact. The breadth and patient-specific nature of the latter offers a formidable line of defense that can limit the severity of illness, and are likely to be responsible for most of the protection from natural infection or vaccination against VOCs which have evaded the antibody response. Comprehensive searches for T-cell epitopes, T-cell activation from infection and vaccination of specific patient groups, and elicitation of cellular immunity by various alternative vaccine modalities are here reviewed. Development of vaccines that specifically target T cells is called for, to meet the needs of patient groups for whom cellular immunity is weaker, such as the elderly and the immunosuppressed. While VOCs have not yet fully escaped T-cell immunity elicited by natural infection and vaccines, some early reports of partial escape suggest that future VOCs may achieve the dreaded result, dislodging a substantial proportion of cellular immunity, enough to cause a grave public health burden. A proactive, rather than reactive, solution which identifies and targets immutable sequences in SARS-CoV-2, not just those which are conserved, may be the only recourse humankind has to disarm these future VOCs before they disarm us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Young
- InvVax, 2265 E. Foohill Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
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25
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Safont G, Latorre I, Villar-Hernández R, Stojanovic Z, Marín A, Pérez-Cano C, Lacoma A, Molina-Moya B, Solis AJ, Arméstar F, Matllo J, Díaz-Fernández S, Cendón A, Sokalchuk L, Tolosa G, Casas I, Rosell A, Domínguez J. Measuring T-Cell Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Is of Utility for Disease and Vaccination Management. J Clin Med 2022; 11:5103. [PMID: 36079033 PMCID: PMC9457376 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The measurement of specific T-cell responses can be a useful tool for COVID-19 diagnostics and clinical management. In this study, we evaluated the IFN-γ T-cell response against the main SARS-CoV-2 antigens (spike, nucleocapsid and membrane) in acute and convalescent individuals classified according to severity, and in vaccinated and unvaccinated controls. IgG against spike and nucleocapsid were also measured. Spike antigen triggered the highest number of T-cell responses. Acute patients showed a low percentage of positive responses when compared to convalescent (71.6% vs. 91.7%, respectively), but increased during hospitalization and with severity. Some convalescent patients showed an IFN-γ T-cell response more than 200 days after diagnosis. Only half of the vaccinated individuals displayed an IFN-γ T-cell response after the second dose. IgG response was found in a higher percentage of individuals compared to IFN-γ T-cell responses, and moderate correlations between both responses were seen. However, in some acute COVID-19 patients specific T-cell response was detected, but not IgG production. We found that the chances of an IFN-γ T-cell response against SARS-CoV-2 is low during acute phase, but may increase over time, and that only half of the vaccinated individuals had an IFN-γ T-cell response after the second dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Safont
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Irene Latorre
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Raquel Villar-Hernández
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Zoran Stojanovic
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Alicia Marín
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Pérez-Cano
- Basic Unit for the Prevention of Occupational Risks (UBP), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Alicia Lacoma
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Bárbara Molina-Moya
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alan Jhunior Solis
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Fernando Arméstar
- Intensive Care Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Joan Matllo
- Basic Unit for the Prevention of Occupational Risks (UBP), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Sergio Díaz-Fernández
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Arnau Cendón
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Liliya Sokalchuk
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Guillermo Tolosa
- Diagnostic and Research in Immunodeficiencies Jeffrey Modell Center, Cytometry and Cellular Culture Area, La Frontera University, Temuco 01145, Chile
| | - Irma Casas
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Preventive Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Antoni Rosell
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - José Domínguez
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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26
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Menges D, Zens KD, Ballouz T, Caduff N, Llanas-Cornejo D, Aschmann HE, Domenghino A, Pellaton C, Perreau M, Fenwick C, Pantaleo G, Kahlert CR, Münz C, Puhan MA, Fehr JS. Heterogenous humoral and cellular immune responses with distinct trajectories post-SARS-CoV-2 infection in a population-based cohort. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4855. [PMID: 35982045 PMCID: PMC9386650 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32573-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the development of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity over time, a detailed evaluation of humoral and cellular responses is required. Here, we characterize anti-Spike (S) IgA and IgG in a representative population-based cohort of 431 SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals up to 217 days after diagnosis, demonstrating that 85% develop and maintain anti-S responses. In a subsample of 64 participants, we further assess anti-Nucleocapsid (N) IgG, neutralizing antibody activity, and T cell responses to Membrane (M), N, and S proteins. In contrast to S-specific antibody responses, anti-N IgG levels decline substantially over time and neutralizing activity toward Delta and Omicron variants is low to non-existent within just weeks of Wildtype SARS-CoV-2 infection. Virus-specific T cells are detectable in most participants, albeit more variable than antibody responses. Cluster analyses of the co-evolution of antibody and T cell responses within individuals identify five distinct trajectories characterized by specific immune patterns and clinical factors. These findings demonstrate the relevant heterogeneity in humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 while also identifying consistent patterns where antibody and T cell responses may work in a compensatory manner to provide protection. The persistence of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 after recovery from infection is an indicator for subsequent protection against infection. Here the authors follow recovered patients and measure antibody and T cell responses and find that these two parts of the immune response may have different longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Menges
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kyra D Zens
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tala Ballouz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Caduff
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Llanas-Cornejo
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hélène E Aschmann
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anja Domenghino
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Pellaton
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Perreau
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Craig Fenwick
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Kahlert
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milo A Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jan S Fehr
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Torres-Ruiz J, Lomelín-Gascón J, Vargas-Castro AS, Lira-Luna J, Pérez-Fragoso A, Tapia-Conyer R, Nuñez-Aguirre M, Alcalá-Carmona B, Absalón-Aguilar A, Maravillas-Montero JL, Mejía-Domínguez NR, Núñez-Álvarez C, Rull-Gabayet M, Llorente L, Romero-Ramírez S, Sosa-Hernández VA, Cervantes-Díaz R, Juárez-Vega G, Meza-Sánchez DE, Martínez-Juárez LA, Morales-Juárez L, López-López LN, Negrete-Trujillo JA, Falcón-Lezama JA, Valdez-Vázquez RR, Gallardo-Rincón H, Gómez-Martín D. Clinical and immunological features associated to the development of a sustained immune humoral response in COVID-19 patients: Results from a cohort study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943563. [PMID: 36045688 PMCID: PMC9421299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Until now, most of the research addressing long-term humoral responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had only evaluated the serum titers of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgGs, without the assessment of the baseline antiviral clinical and immune profile, which is the aim of this study and may be the key factor leading to a broad and sustained antibody response. Methods We included 103 patients with COVID-19. When the patients sought medical attention (baseline), a blood sample was drawn to perform immunophenotype of lymphocytes by flow cytometry. The patients were assessed 15 days after baseline and then every month until the third month, followed by a last visit 6 months after recruitment. We evaluated the anti-SARS-COV-2 IgG at all time points, and the serum levels of cytokines, chemokines, anti-cellular (AC) antibodies and neutrophil extracellular traps were also assessed during the follow-up. The primary outcome of the study was the presence of a sustained immune humoral response, defined as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer >4.99 arbitrary units/mL in at least two consecutive measures. We used generalized lineal models to assess the features associated with this outcome and to assess the effect of the changes in the cytokines and chemokines throughout time on the development of a sustained humoral immune response. Results At baseline the features associated to a sustained immune humoral response were the diagnosis of critical disease, absolute number of lymphocytes, serum IP-10, IL-4, IL-2, regulatory T cells, CD8+ T cells, and positive AC antibodies. Critical illness and the positivity of AC antibodies were associated with a sustained humoral immune response after 3 months, whilst critical illness and serum IL-13 were the explanatory variables after 6 months. Conclusion A sustained immune humoral response is strongly related to critical COVID-19, which is characterized by the presence of AC antibodies, quantitative abnormalities in the T cell compartment, and the serum cytokines and chemokines during acute infection and throughout time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiram Torres-Ruiz
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ana Sofía Vargas-Castro
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaquelin Lira-Luna
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Pérez-Fragoso
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquimica 1, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Tapia-Conyer
- Operative Solutions, Carlos Slim Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miroslava Nuñez-Aguirre
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquimica 1, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Alcalá-Carmona
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquimica 1, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abdiel Absalón-Aguilar
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Internal Medicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Maravillas-Montero
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy Raquel Mejía-Domínguez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Núñez-Álvarez
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marina Rull-Gabayet
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Llorente
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Romero-Ramírez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victor Andrés Sosa-Hernández
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Cervantes-Díaz
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Juárez-Vega
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Eduardo Meza-Sánchez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Alberto Martínez-Juárez
- Operative Solutions, Carlos Slim Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Morales-Juárez
- Operative Solutions, Carlos Slim Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Temporary COVID-19 Hospital, Hipódromo de las Américas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Jorge Abelardo Falcón-Lezama
- Operative Solutions, Carlos Slim Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Division of Health Sciences, Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | | | - Héctor Gallardo-Rincón
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Diana Gómez-Martín, ; Héctor Gallardo-Rincón,
| | - Diana Gómez-Martín
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Diana Gómez-Martín, ; Héctor Gallardo-Rincón,
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Vaccination with Omicron Inactivated Vaccine in Pre-vaccinated Mice Protects against SARS-CoV-2 Prototype and Omicron Variants. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071149. [PMID: 35891313 PMCID: PMC9318641 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the fast-waning immune response and the great threat of the Omicron variant of concern (VOC) to the public, we report the pilot-scale production of an inactivated Omicron vaccine candidate that induces high levels of neutralizing antibody titers to protect against the Omicron virus. Here, we demonstrate that the inactivated Omicron vaccine is safe and effective in recalling immune responses to the HB02, Omicron, and Delta viruses after one or two doses of BBIBP-CorV. In addition, the efficient productivity and good genetic stability of the manufactured inactivated vaccine is proved. These results support the further evaluation of the Omicron vaccine in a clinical trial.
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Moga E, Lynton-Pons E, Domingo P. The Robustness of Cellular Immunity Determines the Fate of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:904686. [PMID: 35833134 PMCID: PMC9271749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.904686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two years after the appearance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causal agent of the current global pandemic, it is time to analyze the evolution of the immune protection that infection and vaccination provide. Cellular immunity plays an important role in limiting disease severity and the resolution of infection. The early appearance, breadth and magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response has been correlated with disease severity and it has been thought that T cell responses may be sufficient to clear infection with minimal disease in COVID-19 patients with X-linked or autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia. However, our knowledge of the phenotypic and functional diversity of CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes, CD4+ T helper cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh), which play a critical role in infection control as well as long-term protection, is still evolving. It has been described how CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes interrupt viral replication by secreting antiviral cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and directly killing infected cells, negatively correlating with stages of disease progression. In addition, CD4+ T helper cells have been reported to be key pieces, leading, coordinating and ultimately regulating antiviral immunity. For instance, in some more severe COVID-19 cases a dysregulated CD4+ T cell signature may contribute to the greater production of pro-inflammatory cytokines responsible for pathogenic inflammation. Here we discuss how cellular immunity is the axis around which the rest of the immune system components revolve, since it orchestrates and leads antiviral response by regulating the inflammatory cascade and, as a consequence, the innate immune system, as well as promoting a correct humoral response through CD4+ Tfh cells. This review also analyses the critical role of cellular immunity in modulating the development of high-affinity neutralizing antibodies and germinal center B cell differentiation in memory and long-lived antibody secreting cells. Finally, since there is currently a high percentage of vaccinated population and, in some cases, vaccine booster doses are even being administered in certain countries, we have also summarized newer approaches to long-lasting protective immunity and the cross-protection of cellular immune response against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Moga
- Department of Immunology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,*Correspondence: Esther Moga,
| | - Elionor Lynton-Pons
- Department of Immunology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Domingo
- Unidad de enfermedades infecciosas, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Prasithsirikul W, Nopsopon T, Phutrakool P, Suwanwattana P, Kantagowit P, Pongpirul W, Jongkaewwattana A, Pongpirul K. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Immunogenicity and Immunological Response Following COVID-19 Infection in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060959. [PMID: 35746567 PMCID: PMC9230560 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving hemodialysis (HD) were found to have a decreased immune response following mRNA COVID-19 immunization. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 was a promising COVID-19 vaccine that performed well in the general population, but the evidence on immunogenicity in ESRD with HD patients was limited. Moreover, the immunological response to COVID-19 infection was inconclusive in patients with ESRD and HD. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination and the immunological response after COVID-19 infection in ESRD patients with HD. The blood samples were obtained at baseline, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up after each shot or recovery. All participants were measured for anti-spike IgG by the ELISA method, using Euroimmun. This study found a significant increase in anti-spike IgG after 1 month of two-shot ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination, followed by a significant decrease after 3 months. On the other hand, the anti-spike IgG was maintained in the post-recovery group. There was no significant difference in the change of anti-spike IgG between the one-shot ChAdOx1 nCoV-19-vaccinated and post-recovery groups for both 1-month and 3-month follow-ups. The seroconversion rate for the vaccinated group was 60.32% at 1 month after one-shot vaccination and slightly dropped to 58.73% at the 3-month follow-up, then was 92.06% at 1 month after two-shot vaccination and reduced to 82.26% at the 3-month follow-up. For the recovered group, the seroconversion rate was 95.65% at 1 month post-recovery and 92.50% at 3-month follow-up. This study demonstrated the immunogenicity of two-dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in ESRD patients with HD for humoral immunity. After COVID-19 infection, the humoral immune response was strong and could be maintained for at least three months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisit Prasithsirikul
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (W.P.); (P.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Tanawin Nopsopon
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.K.)
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (K.P.)
| | - Phanupong Phutrakool
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.K.)
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pawita Suwanwattana
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (W.P.); (P.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Piyawat Kantagowit
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.K.)
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wannarat Pongpirul
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (W.P.); (P.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Anan Jongkaewwattana
- National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Krit Pongpirul
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.K.)
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (K.P.)
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Sustained abnormality with recovery of COVID-19 convalescents: a 2-year follow-up study. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:1556-1561. [PMID: 35991002 PMCID: PMC9375590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dinç HÖ, Demirci M, Özdemir YE, Sirekbasan S, Aktaş AN, Karaali R, Tok YT, Özbey D, Akçin R, Gareayaghi N, Kuşkucu MA, Midilli K, Aygün G, Sarıbaş S, Kocazeybek B. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and Neutralizing Antibody Levels in Patients with Past COVID-19 Infection: A Longitudinal Study. Balkan Med J 2022; 39:172-177. [PMID: 35378574 PMCID: PMC9136548 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2022.2021-8-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monitoring the longevity of immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections is vital to understanding the role of antibodies in preventing infection. Aims To determine the quantitative IgG responses specific to the Spike-S1 (S1) receptor-binding domain (S1/RBD) region of the virus in serum samples taken between 4 weeks and 7 months after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity in patients who are diagnosed with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Study Design A longitudinal study. Methods This study included 113 patients with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of COVID-19. The first and second serum samples were taken 1 and 7 months, respectively, after the PCR positivity. S1/RBD-specific IgG antibody response was assayed using anti-SARS-CoV- 2 QuantiVac ELISA (IgG) kit (Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany). The neutralizing antibodies were investigated in 57 patients whose IgG test results were above the cut-off value. Results In 57 patients with SARS-CoV-2 IgG, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG quantitative antibody levels significantly decreased after 7 months (Z = −2.197, p = 0.028). A correlation was detected between the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and nAb percent inhibition (IH%) levels detected in 1 month (rs = 0.496, p < 0.001), but without significant correlation in serum samples taken on 7 months. The nAb IH% levels of the first and second were compared for COVID-19 severity and revealed no statistical difference (p = 0.256). In the second serum sample, the nAb IH%s of patients with moderate COVID-19 showed a statistically significant difference from patients with mild COVID-19 (p = 0.018), but without significant differences between severe and moderate or mild COVID-19. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 quantitative IgG antibody titers are significantly reduced at long-term follow-up (> 6 months). Due to the limited information on seroconversion, comprehensive studies should be conducted for long-term follow-up of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Öykü Dinç
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Pharmacy Faculty, Bezmialem Vakıf University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Demirci
- Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty, of Medicine, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Emre Özdemir
- Specialist of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences Turkey Bakırköy Sadi Konuk Training Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhat Sirekbasan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Techniques Çankırı Karatekin University, Eldivan Vocational School of Health Services, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Ayse Nur Aktaş
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Rıdvan Karaali
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Tuyji Tok
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Doğukan Özbey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Rüveyda Akçin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Gareayaghi
- Blood Center İstanbul Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mert Ahmet Kuşkucu
- Blood Center İstanbul Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kenan Midilli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Aygün
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Suat Sarıbaş
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bekir Kocazeybek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
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Lin H, Zhang J, Dong S, Liu Y, Liu P, Gao GF, Liu WJ, Wu G. An adjusted ELISpot-based immunoassay for evaluation of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2022; 4:179-185. [PMID: 35505811 PMCID: PMC9047432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Like antibody evaluation, using an effective antigen-specific T-cell immunity assessment method in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, survivors and vaccinees is crucial for understanding the immune persistence, prognosis assessment, and vaccine development for COVID-19. This study evaluated an empirically adjusted enzyme-linked immunospot assay for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T-cell immunity in 175 peripheral blood samples from COVID-19 convalescents and healthy individuals. Results of viral nucleic acid were used as the gold standard of infection confirmation. The SARS-CoV-2M peptide pool had higher sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 71% for the single peptide pool. For combined peptide pools, the parallel evaluation (at least one of the peptide pools is positive) of total peptide pools (S1&S2&M&N) had higher sensitivity (up to 93%), and the serial evaluation (all peptide pools are positive) of total peptide pools had higher specificity (up to 100%). The result of the serial evaluation was better than that of the parallel evaluation as a whole. The detection efficiency of M and N peptide pool serial evaluation appeared the highest, with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 93%. This T-cell immunity detection assay introduced in this report can achieve high operability and applicability. Therefore, it can be an effective SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immune function evaluation method.
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Yan LN, Liu PP, Li XG, Zhou SJ, Li H, Wang ZY, Shen F, Lu BC, Long Y, Xiao X, Wang ZD, Li D, Han HJ, Yu H, Zhou SH, Lv WL, Yu XJ. Neutralizing Antibodies and Cellular Immune Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 Sustained One and a Half Years After Natural Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:803031. [PMID: 35310397 PMCID: PMC8928406 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.803031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has caused more than 2.6 billion infections and several million deaths since its outbreak 2 years ago. We know very little about the long-term cellular immune responses and the kinetics of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to SARS-CoV-2 because it has emerged only recently in the human population. Methods We collected blood samples from individuals who were from the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan between December 30, 2019, and February 24, 2020. We analyzed NAbs to SARS-CoV-2 using pseudoviruses and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) protein using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients’ sera and determined SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses of patients with ELISpot assays. Results We found that 91.9% (57/62) and 88.9% (40/45) of COVID-19 patients had NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 in a year (10–11 months) and one and a half years (17–18 months), respectively, after the onset of illness, indicating that NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 waned slowly and possibly persisted over a long period time. Over 80% of patients had IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 S and N protein one and a half years after illness onset. Most patients also had robust memory T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 one and a half years after the illness. Among the patients, 95.6% (43/45) had an IFN-γ-secreting T-cell response and 93.8% (15/16) had an IL-2-secreting T-cell response. The T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 were positively correlated with antibodies (including neutralizing antibodies and IgG antibodies to S and N protein) in COVID-19 patients. Eighty percent (4/5) of neutralizing antibody-negative patients also had SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response. After long-term infection, protective immunity was independent of disease severity, sex, and age. Conclusions We concluded that SARS-CoV-2 infection elicited a robust and persistent neutralizing antibody and memory T-cell response in COVID-19 patients, indicating that these sustained immune responses, among most SARS-CoV-2-infected people, may play a crucial role in protection against reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan-Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu-Gui Li
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hubei 672 Orthopaedics Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-Jing Zhou
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hubei 672 Orthopaedics Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Yin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Huangjiahu Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Shen
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Bi-Chao Lu
- Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Long
- Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-Ju Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Shu-Han Zhou
- Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Liang Lv
- Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Choe PG, Hong J, Park J, Chang E, Kang CK, Kim NJ, Lee CH, Park WB, Oh MD. Persistent Antibody Responses up to 18 Months after Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1224-1230. [PMID: 35299253 PMCID: PMC8992248 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Humoral immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may wane rapidly in persons recovered from mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but little is known about the longevity. Methods Serum samples were obtained 8, 12, and 18 months after infection from 20 patients with mild COVID-19. The binding activities of serum antibodies (IgA, IgG, and IgM) against SARS-CoV-2 antigens of the Wuhan-1 reference strain (wild-type) and the B.1.1.7, P.1, B.1.167.2, and B.1.1.529 variants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Neutralizing antibody titers were measured using a cytopathic effect-based live virus neutralization assay. Results Serum IgA and IgG antibodies against spike or receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 were detected for up to 18 months, and neutralizing antibodies persisted for 8 to 18 months after infection. However, any significant antibody responses against RBD proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants were not observed, and median neutralizing antibody titers against the Delta variant at 8, 12, and 18 months were 8–11 fold lower than against wild-type viruses (P < .001). Conclusions Humoral immunity persisted for up to 18 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with mild COVID-19. Humoral immune activity against more recently circulating variants, however, was reduced in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyoeng Gyun Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euijin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Joong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Han Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Don Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park U, Cho NH. Protective and pathogenic role of humoral responses in COVID-19. J Microbiol 2022; 60:268-275. [PMID: 35235178 PMCID: PMC8890013 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the advent of SARS-CoV-2 in Dec. 2019, the global endeavor to identify the pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19 has been ongoing. Although humoral immunity including neutralizing activity play an important role in protection from the viral pathogen, dysregulated antibody responses may be associated with the pathogenic progression of COVID-19, especially in high-risk individuals. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies acquired by prior infection or vaccination act as immune pressure, driving continuous population turnover by selecting for antibody-escaping mutations. Here, we review accumulating knowledge on the potential role of humoral immune responses in COVID-19, primarily focusing on their beneficial and pathogenic properties. Understanding the multifaceted regulatory mechanisms of humoral responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection can help us to develop more effective therapeutics, as well as protective measures against the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea.
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, 25159, Republic of Korea.
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Zabalza A, Arrambide G, Tagliani P, Cárdenas-Robledo S, Otero-Romero S, Esperalba J, Fernandez-Naval C, Trocoli Campuzano J, Martínez Gallo M, Castillo M, Bonastre M, Resina Sallés M, Beltran J, Carbonell-Mirabent P, Rodríguez-Barranco M, López-Maza S, Melgarejo Otálora PJ, Ruiz-Ortiz M, Pappolla A, Rodríguez Acevedo B, Midaglia L, Vidal-Jordana A, Cobo-Calvo A, Tur C, Galán I, Castilló J, Río J, Espejo C, Comabella M, Nos C, Sastre-Garriga J, Tintore M, Montalban X. Humoral and Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY - NEUROIMMUNOLOGY NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 9:9/2/e1143. [PMID: 35105687 PMCID: PMC8808353 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Information about humoral and cellular responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and antibody persistence in convalescent (COVID-19) patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) is scarce. The objectives of this study were to investigate factors influencing humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 and its persistence in convalescent COVID-19 PwMS. Methods This is a retrospective study of confirmed COVID-19 convalescent PwMS identified between February 2020 and May 2021 by SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We examined relationships between demographics, MS characteristics, disease-modifying therapy (DMT), and humoral (immunoglobulin G against spike and nucleocapsid proteins) and cellular (interferon-gamma [IFN-γ]) responses to SARS-CoV-2. Results A total of 121 (83.45%) of 145 PwMS were seropositive, and 25/42 (59.5%) presented a cellular response up to 13.1 months after COVID-19. Anti–CD20-treated patients had lower antibody titers than those under other DMTs (p < 0.001), but severe COVID-19 and a longer time from last infusion increased the likelihood of producing a humoral response. IFN-γ levels did not differ among DMT. Five of 7 (71.4%) anti-–CD20-treated seronegative patients had a cellular response. The humoral response persisted for more than 6 months in 41/56(81.13%) PwMS. In multivariate analysis, seropositivity decreased due to anti-CD20 therapy (OR 0.08 [95% CI 0.01–0.55]) and increased in males (OR 3.59 [1.02–12.68]), whereas the cellular response decreased in those with progressive disease (OR 0.04 [0.001–0.88]). No factors were associated with antibody persistence. Discussion Humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 are present in COVID-19 convalescent PwMS up to 13.10 months after COVID-19. The humoral response decreases under anti-CD20 treatment, although the cellular response can be detected in anti–CD20-treated patients, even in the absence of antibodies.
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38
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Chen QQ, Gong L, Wu XM, Feng YT, Luo WR, Zhou X, Yuan Y, Yu JL, He L, Wang P, Ge YL, Hou S, Li WW, Sun Y, Wu JB, Su B, Pan HF, He J, Liu ZR. Changes in Serum Neutralizing Antibodies Levels During Convalescence of COVID-19 Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:829273. [PMID: 35223924 PMCID: PMC8879838 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.829273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of serum-specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody has become a complementary means for the identification of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As we already know, the neutralizing antibody titers in patients with COVID-19 decrease during the course of time after convalescence, whereas the duration of antibody responses in the convalescent patients has not been defined clearly. In the current study, we collected 148 serum samples from 37 confirmed COVID-19 cases with different disease severities. The neutralizing antibodies (Nabs), IgM and IgG against COVID-19 were determined by CLIA Microparticle and microneutralization assay, respectively. The time duration of serum titers of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were recorded. Our results indicate that IgG (94.44%) and Nabs (89.19%) can be detected at low levels within 190–266 days of disease onset. The findings can advance knowledge regarding the antibody detection results for COVID-19 patients and provide a method for evaluating the immune response after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Chen
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wu
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Ting Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Wan-Rong Luo
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Ling Yu
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Lan He
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Ying-Lu Ge
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Sai Hou
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Bing Wu
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Su
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Feng Pan
| | - Jun He
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Jun He
| | - Zhi-Rong Liu
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- Zhi-Rong Liu
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Longitudinal analysis of antibody dynamics in COVID-19 convalescents reveals neutralizing responses up to 16 months after infection. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:423-433. [PMID: 35132197 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-01051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the dynamics of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents is crucial in controlling the pandemic and informing vaccination strategies. Here we measured nAb titres across 411 sequential plasma samples collected during 1-480 d after illness onset or laboratory confirmation (d.a.o.) from 214 COVID-19 convalescents, covering the clinical spectrum of disease and without additional exposure history after recovery or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, using authentic SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization (MN) assays. Forty-eight samples were also tested for neutralizing activities against the circulating variants using pseudotyped neutralization assay. Results showed that anti-RBD IgG and MN titres peaked at ~120 d.a.o. and subsequently declined, with significantly reduced nAb responses found in 91.67% of COVID-19 convalescents (≥50% decrease in current MN titres compared with the paired peak MN titres). Despite this decline, majority of the COVID-19 convalescents maintained detectable anti-RBD IgG and MN titres at 400-480 d.a.o., with undetectable neutralizing activity found in 14.41% (16/111) of the mild and 50% (5/10) of the asymptomatic infections at 330-480 d.a.o. Persistent antibody-dependent immunity could provide protection against circulating variants after one year, despite significantly decreased neutralizing activities against Beta, Delta and Mu variants. In conclusion, these data show that despite a marked decline in neutralizing activity over time, nAb responses persist for up to 480 d in most convalescents of symptomatic COVID-19, whereas a high rate of undetectable nAb responses was found in convalescents from asymptomatic infections.
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Li X, Pang L, Yin Y, Zhang Y, Xu S, Xu D, Shen T. Patient and Clinical Factors at Admission Affect the Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies Six Months after Recovering from COVID-19. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010080. [PMID: 35062284 PMCID: PMC8779922 DOI: 10.3390/v14010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate of decline in the levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) greatly varies among patients who recover from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, little is known about factors associated with this phenomenon. The objective of this study is to investigate early factors at admission that can influence long-term NAb levels in patients who recovered from COVID-19. A total of 306 individuals who recovered from COVID-19 at the Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China, were included in this study. The patients were classified into two groups with high (NAbhigh, n = 153) and low (NAblow, n = 153) levels of NAb, respectively based on the median NAb levels six months after discharge. The majority (300/306, 98.0%) of the COVID-19 convalescents had detected NAbs. The median NAb concentration was 63.1 (34.7, 108.9) AU/mL. Compared with the NAblow group, a larger proportion of the NAbhigh group received corticosteroids (38.8% vs. 22.4%, p = 0.002) and IVIG therapy (26.5% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.033), and presented with diabetes comorbidity (25.2% vs. 12.2%, p = 0.004); high blood urea (median (IQR): 4.8 (3.7, 6.1) vs. 3.9 (3.5, 5.4) mmol/L; p = 0.017); CRP (31.6 (4.0, 93.7) vs. 16.3 (2.7, 51.4) mg/L; p = 0.027); PCT (0.08 (0.05, 0.17) vs. 0.05 (0.03, 0.09) ng/mL; p = 0.001); SF (838.5 (378.2, 1533.4) vs. 478.5 (222.0, 1133.4) μg/L; p = 0.035); and fibrinogen (5.1 (3.8, 6.4) vs. 4.5 (3.5, 5.7) g/L; p = 0.014) levels, but low SpO2 levels (96.0 (92.0, 98.0) vs. 97.0 (94.0, 98.0)%; p = 0.009). The predictive model based on Gaussian mixture models, displayed an average accuracy of 0.7117 in one of the 8191 formulas, and ROC analysis showed an AUC value of 0.715 (0.657–0.772), and specificity and sensitivity were 72.5% and 67.3%, respectively. In conclusion, we found that several factors at admission can contribute to the high level of NAbs in patients after discharge, and constructed a predictive model for long-term NAb levels, which can provide guidance for clinical treatment and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Li
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ling Pang
- Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shuyun Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Dong Xu
- Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (T.S.); Tel.: +86-13-071-215-093 (D.X.); +86-10-828-05-070 (T.S.)
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (T.S.); Tel.: +86-13-071-215-093 (D.X.); +86-10-828-05-070 (T.S.)
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Zhang J, Lu D, Li M, Liu M, Yao S, Zhan J, Liu WJ, Gao GF. A COVID-19 T-Cell Response Detection Method Based on a Newly Identified Human CD8 + T Cell Epitope from SARS-CoV-2 — Hubei Province, China, 2021. China CDC Wkly 2022; 4:83-87. [PMID: 35186375 PMCID: PMC8837460 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Similar to antibody detection, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T-cell response evaluation is also pivotal among the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents and the vaccinated populations. Nucleocapsid (N) protein is one of the main structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and can trigger T-cell responses in humans. Methods An overlapping peptide pool covering the full length of the N protein was designed, peptides with positive T-cell activating potency in COVID-19 convalescents were screened, and CD8+ T cell epitopes were further identified. The epitope was used to detect the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell responses in COVID-19 convalescents based in intracellular cytokine staining and tetramer staining in flow cytometry.
Results A human leukocyte antigen A (HLA-A)*1101-restricted CD8+ T cell epitope, which could stimulate the production of IFN-γ via peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the convalescents was defined, and the tetramer generated with this epitope could detect SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in the PBMCs of the convalescents. The structural investigation eliminated that the epitope was a typical HLA-A*1101-restricted T-cell epitope which was conserved among all the sarbecoviruses.
Discussion The newly identified SARS-CoV-2-derived T-cell epitope was helpful to detect the cellular immunity against different sarbecoviruses including SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. This study provided an evaluation method and also a peptide candidate for the research and development of T-cell based vaccine for the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Maoshun Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sijia Yao
- College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianbo Zhan
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - William J. Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- William J. Liu,
| | - George F. Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- George F. Gao,
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Liu WJ, Liu S. A Tale of Two Cities: From Influenza HxNy to SARS-CoV-z. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:1052-1056. [PMID: 34934515 PMCID: PMC8668405 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William J Liu
- Chinese National Influenza Center (CNIC), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shelan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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