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Sima CM, Buzilă ER, Trofin F, Păduraru D, Luncă C, Duhaniuc A, Dorneanu OS, Nastase EV. Emerging Strategies against Non-Typhoidal Salmonella: From Pathogenesis to Treatment. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7447-7472. [PMID: 39057083 PMCID: PMC11275306 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Even with the intensive efforts by public health programs to control and prevent it, non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection remains an important public health challenge. It is responsible for approximately 150 million illnesses and 60,000 deaths worldwide annually. NTS infection poses significant risks with high rates of morbidity and mortality, leading to potential short- and long-term complications. There is growing concern among health authorities about the increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance, with multidrug resistance totaling 22.6% in Europe, highlighting an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. Our review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of NTS infection. We outline the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of NTS infection, as well as the events leading to invasive NTS infection and the subsequent complications associated with it. Given the widespread implications of antimicrobial resistance, our review also presents the global landscape of resistance, including multidrug resistance, and delve into the underlying mechanisms driving this resistance. The rising rates of antibiotic resistance frequently lead to treatment failures, emphasizing the importance of investigating alternative therapeutic options. Therefore, in this review we also explore potential alternative therapies that could offer promising approaches to treating NTS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mihaela Sima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity—Microbiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.S.); (E.R.B.); (F.T.); (C.L.); (A.D.)
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases “Sf. Parascheva”, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Elena Roxana Buzilă
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity—Microbiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.S.); (E.R.B.); (F.T.); (C.L.); (A.D.)
- Iasi Regional Center for Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, 700465 Iasi, Romania
| | - Felicia Trofin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity—Microbiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.S.); (E.R.B.); (F.T.); (C.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Diana Păduraru
- “Dr. C.I. Parhon” Clinical Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cătălina Luncă
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity—Microbiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.S.); (E.R.B.); (F.T.); (C.L.); (A.D.)
- “Sf. Maria” Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Duhaniuc
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity—Microbiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.S.); (E.R.B.); (F.T.); (C.L.); (A.D.)
- Iasi Regional Center for Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, 700465 Iasi, Romania
| | - Olivia Simona Dorneanu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity—Microbiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.S.); (E.R.B.); (F.T.); (C.L.); (A.D.)
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases “Sf. Parascheva”, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Eduard Vasile Nastase
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases “Sf. Parascheva”, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Infectious Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Yu D, Luo Y, Sun L. Nontyphoidal salmonella septic arthritis in A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116332. [PMID: 38692203 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
We report a case of septic arthritis in a 43-year-old female patient. Despite initial treatment with ceftriaxone for Nontyphoidal Salmonella based on blood and joint fluid culture results, the shoulder joint pain worsened. Suspected systemic lupus erythematosus associated synovitis did not respond to immunosuppressive therapy including methylprednisolone, hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate. Subsequent radiograph revealed a shoulder joint abscess, leading to arthroscopic joint debridement. Ceftriaxone was administered post-operatively until analgesic efficacy was attained. This case highlights the significance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment for nontyphoidal Salmonella septic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Qianhai Taikang Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuansen Luo
- Department of the Second Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Department of clinical microbiology and infection control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Hua MM, Li J, Zheng J, Wang JJ, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhang ZF, Cao XL, Shen H. Molecular Characteristics of Salmonella Spp. Responsible for Bloodstream Infections in a Tertiary Hospital in Nanjing, China, 2019-2021. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:2363-2377. [PMID: 38894888 PMCID: PMC11182758 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s459941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the clinical and molecular characteristics of Salmonella spp. causing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in our hospital. Methods We studied 22 clinical Salmonella isolates from BSIs and 16 from non-BSIs, performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). The analysis included serovars, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence factors (VFs), sequence types (STs), plasmid replicons, and genetic relationships. We also assessed pathogenicity of the isolates causing BSIs through growth, biofilm formation, and anti-serum killing assays. Results WGS analysis identified 13 Salmonella serovars, with four responsible for BSIs. S. Enteritidis was the most prevalent serovar, involved in 19 (50.0%) cases. BSIs were caused by 17S. Enteritidis, two S. Typhimurium, two S. Munster and one S. Diguel. Of the 38 isolates, 27 (71.1%) exhibited high resistance to ampicillin, and 24 (63.2%) to ampicillin/sulbactam. Thirty-six types of ARGs were identified, with blaTEM-1B (n = 25, 65.8%) being the most frequent. Ten plasmid replicons were found; the combination of IncFIB(S)-IncFII(S)-IncX1 was the most common in S. Enteritidis (94.7%). Fifteen STs were identified, among which ST11 was the most prevalent and clonally disseminated, primarily responsible for BSIs. A total of 333 different VFs were detected, 177 of which were common across all strains. No significant differences were observed between the BSI and non-BSI isolates in terms of resistance rates, ARGs, plasmid replicons, and VFs, except for seven VFs. No strong pathogenicity was observed in the BSI-causing isolates. Conclusion BSIs were predominantly caused by clonally disseminated S. Enteritidis ST11, the majority of which carried multiple ARGs, VFs and plasmid replicons. This study provides the first data on clonally disseminated S. Enteritidis ST11 causing BSIs, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Hua
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Kanno A, Suzuki K, Narai D, Aihara A, Ito T, Ohara T, Sumitomo K, Furukawa K. Case report: A case of piriformis pyomyositis and pyogenic sacroiliitis due to non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteremia in an immunocompetent healthy adult. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1381555. [PMID: 38873212 PMCID: PMC11171721 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1381555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) rarely causes bacteremia and subsequent focal infections as an extraintestinal complication, even in immunocompetent adults. A 25-year-old man was hospitalized for several days with difficulty moving due to fever, acute buttock pain, and shivering. He had no recent or current respiratory symptoms and no clear gastrointestinal symptoms. Physical examination revealed mild redness around the left buttock and difficulty raising the left lower extremity due to pain, in addition to which blood tests showed high levels of inflammatory markers. His clinical course and laboratory findings suggested sepsis, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a high-intensity area in the left piriformis muscle on diffusion-weighted imaging; therefore, acute piriformis pyomyositis was strongly suggested. Cephazolin was started upon hospitalization; however, blood and stool cultures proved positive for NTS, and the antibiotics were changed to ceftriaxone. Follow-up MRI showed a signal in the left piriformis muscle and newly developed left pyogenic sacroiliitis. On the 25th hospital day, a colonoscopy was performed to identify the portal of entry for bacteremia, which revealed a longitudinal ulcer in the sigmoid colon in the healing process. His buttock pain gradually improved, and the antibiotics were switched to oral levofloxacin, which enabled him to continue treatment in an outpatient setting. Finally, the patient completed seven weeks of antimicrobial therapy and returned to daily life without leaving any residual disability. Invasive NTS infection due to bacteremia is rare among immunocompetent adults. Piriformis pyomyositis and subsequent pyogenic sacroiliitis should be added to the differential diagnosis of acute febrile buttock pain. In the case of NTS bacteremia, the entry site must be identified for source control. Additionally, the background of the host, especially in such an immunocompetent case, needs to be clarified; therefore, the patient should be closely examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Kanno
- Department of Community and General Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Wakabayashi Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohei Suzuki
- Division of Geriatric and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daiki Narai
- Division of Geriatric and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akinobu Aihara
- Division of Geriatric and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takehito Ito
- Department of Community and General Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Wakabayashi Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ohara
- Division of Geriatric and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sumitomo
- Department of Community and General Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Wakabayashi Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Furukawa
- Division of Geriatric and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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Perera DJ, Koger-Pease C, Paulini K, Daoudi M, Ndao M. Beyond schistosomiasis: unraveling co-infections and altered immunity. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0009823. [PMID: 38319102 PMCID: PMC10938899 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00098-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the helminth Schistosoma spp. and has the second highest global impact of all parasites. Schistosoma are transmitted through contact with contaminated fresh water predominantly in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and South America. Due to the widespread prevalence of Schistosoma, co-infection with other infectious agents is common but often poorly described. Herein, we review recent literature describing the impact of Schistosoma co-infection between species and Schistosoma co-infection with blood-borne protozoa, soil-transmitted helminths, various intestinal protozoa, Mycobacterium, Salmonella, various urinary tract infection-causing agents, and viral pathogens. In each case, disease severity and, of particular interest, the immune landscape, are altered as a consequence of co-infection. Understanding the impact of schistosomiasis co-infections will be important when considering treatment strategies and vaccine development moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilhan J. Perera
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cal Koger-Pease
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kayla Paulini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mohamed Daoudi
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Momar Ndao
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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Zhou L, Ye Q, Zhou Q, Wang J, Li G, Xiang J, Huang J, Zhao Y, Zheng T, Zuo H, Li S. Antimicrobial resistance and genomic investigation of Salmonella isolated from retail foods in Guizhou, China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1345045. [PMID: 38510999 PMCID: PMC10951074 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1345045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen worldwide that causes severe morbidity and mortality. It is mainly caused by consuming contaminated food, with retail food considered the primary source. Methods In Guizhou, China, 102 Salmonella strains isolated from 2016 to 2021 underwent phenotypic antimicrobial resistance testing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to understand Salmonella diversity, including serotypes, sequencing types (STs), antimicrobial genes, virulence genes, plasmid types, multi-locus sequence types (MLST), and core genome MLST (cgMLST). Results and discussion S.Typhimurium was the dominant serotype, and O:4(B) was the leading serogroup. The most prevalent genotype was ST40. Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance identified 66.7% of the sampled isolates as multi-drug resistant (MDR). S.Enteritidis (n = 7), S.Typhimurium (n = 1), S.Indiana (n = 1), S.Kentucky (n = 1), S.Uganda (n = 1), all of which were MDR, were resistant to Colistin. Resistance rates varied significantly across different strains and food types, particularly meat products exhibiting higher resistance. Notably, significant increases in resistance were observed from 2016 to 2021 for the following: ≥ 1 resistant (P = 0.001), MDR (P = 0.001), ampicillin (P = 0.001), tetracycline (P < 0.001), chloramphenicol (P = 0.030), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (P = 0.003). The marked escalation in drug resistance over the recent years, coupled with the varying resistance rates among food sources, underscores the growing public health concern. Our findings highlight the need for a coordinated approach to effectively monitor and respond to Salmonella infections in Guizhou, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Qian Ye
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanqiao Li
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingshu Xiang
- Guizhou Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingyu Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianli Zheng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haojiang Zuo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijun Li
- Guizhou Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
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Björklund L, Mattisson Y, Bläckberg A, Sunnerhagen T, Ljungquist O. A Population-Based Study on the Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Salmonella Bloodstream Infections in South Sweden 2012-2022. Infect Dis Ther 2024; 13:501-519. [PMID: 38393503 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-024-00929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Invasive infections caused by Salmonella are a significant global health concern. This population-based study aimed to comprehensively analyze invasive Salmonella infections in South Sweden, focusing on incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors, and outcomes. METHODS This population-based observational cohort study, conducted from 2012 to 2022, included all patients with Salmonella bloodstream infections (BSI) in the Skåne region, South Sweden. A control group consisted of patients with positive stool cultures/PCR for Salmonella but without BSI. Data were collected following a predefined study protocol from medical records. Standardized statistical analyses assessed patient characteristics, clinical presentation, and outcomes. RESULTS Between 2012 and 2022, 149 patients with SBSI were identified, with the majority having non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infections (95%). A declining trend in the incidence of SBSI was observed, with the highest incidence in 2012 (1.5 per 100,000 person-years) and the lowest in 2020 (0.3 per 100,000 person-years). Patients with BSI were more likely to be older, have comorbidities, be immunosuppressed, and use proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Additionally, patients with BSI presented with fewer gastrointestinal symptoms, had a higher respiratory rate, lower saturation, and higher SOFA scores, suggesting a more septic presentation. Patients with SBSI had significantly longer hospital stays and higher 30-day, 90-day, 180-day, and 365-day mortality rates compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Invasive Salmonella infections are rare in South Sweden. In a cohort of enteric and invasive Salmonella infection, the absence of classic gastroenteritis symptoms increases the risk of Salmonella bloodstream infection. This study highlights the importance of distinguishing between clinical presentations to guide appropriate treatment when Salmonella infection is suspected. The declining trend in incidence, particularly associated with international travel, necessitates further investigation to understand contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Björklund
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Y Mattisson
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - A Bläckberg
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - T Sunnerhagen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology, Infection Prevention and Control, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - O Ljungquist
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden.
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Towachiraporn S, Thongwitokomarn H, Salee P. Anti-interferon-gamma autoantibody and salmonellosis: Case report and literature review. IDCases 2024; 35:e01926. [PMID: 38298220 PMCID: PMC10825596 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome is characterized by the presence of anti-interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) autoantibody and the distribution of infections. Here, we describe Salmonella enterica bacteremia in a Thai woman who also had anti-IFN-γ autoantibody. The patient was also suffering from Salmonella osteomyelitis and a peri-orbital abscess. Her symptoms were completely eradicated after surgical intervention and the administration of appropriate antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikhuan Towachiraporn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Harit Thongwitokomarn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Parichat Salee
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
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Ma W, Cui X, Dong X, Li X, Liu K, Wang Y, Shi X, Chen L, Hao M. Characterization of nontyphoidal Salmonella strains from a tertiary hospital in China: serotype diversity, multidrug resistance, and genetic insights. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1327092. [PMID: 38264733 PMCID: PMC10803454 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1327092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Nontyphoidal Salmonella is a significant public health concern due to its ability to cause foodborne illnesses worldwide. This study aims to characterize the nontyphoidal Salmonella strains isolated from patients in China. Methods A total of 19 nontyphoidal Salmonella strains were characterized through serovar identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), biofilm formation assessment. Genetic relatedness was determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). WGS was employed to decipher the resistance mechanism and to contextualize the S. serovar Mbandaka strains among previously sequenced isolates in China. The biofilm associated mrkA gene was examined by PCR. Results The predominant serovar identified was S. Enteritidis, followed by S. Mbandaka, S. Thompson, S. Livingston, S. Alachua, and S. Infantis. PFGE analysis indicated a notable genetic similarity among the S. Mbandaka isolates. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these strains were likely derived from a single source that had persisted in China for over five years. One multidrug resistance (MDR) S. Enteritidis isolate carried a highly transferable IncB/O/K/Z plasmid with bla CTX-M-15. One S. Thompson strain, harboring the mrkABCDF operon in an IncX1 plasmid, isolated from cutaneous lesions, demonstrated robust biofilm formation. However, no mrkABCDF loci were detected in other strains. Conclusion Our study emphasizes the importance of persisted surveillance and prompt response to Salmonella infections to protect public health. The dissemination of bla CTX-M-15-harboring IncB/O/K/Z plasmid and the spread of virulent mrkABCDF operon among Salmonella in China and other global regions warrant close monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshan Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaodi Cui
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiutao Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinpeng Li
- Department of Bacterial Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, United States
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | - Mingju Hao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, China
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Zhou L, Li Y, You J, Wu C, Zuo L, Chen Y, Kang L, Zhou Z, Huang R, Wu S. Salmonella spvC gene suppresses macrophage/neutrophil antibacterial defense mediated by gasdermin D. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:19-33. [PMID: 38135851 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a representative model organism for investigating host-pathogen interactions. It was reported that S. Typhimurium spvC gene alleviated intestinal inflammation to aggravate systemic infection, while the precise mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the influence of spvC on the antibacterial defense of macrophage/neutrophil mediated by gasdermin D (GSDMD) was investigated. METHODS Mouse macrophage-like cell lines J774A.1 and RAW264.7, neutrophil-like cells derived from HL-60 cells (human promyletic leukemia cell lines) were infected with S. Typhimurium wild type, spvC deletion and complemented strains. Cell death was evaluated by LDH release and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Macrophage pyroptosis and neutrophil NETosis were detected by western blotting, live cell imaging and ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to assess the impact of spvC on macrophage-neutrophil cooperation in macrophage (dTHP-1)-neutrophil (dHL-60) co-culture model pretreated with GSDMD inhibitor disulfiram. Wild-type and Gsdmd-/- C57BL/6J mice were utilized for in vivo assay. The degree of phagocytes infiltration and inflammation were analyzed by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Here we find that spvC inhibits pyroptosis in macrophages via Caspase-1/Caspase-11 dependent canonical and non-canonical pathways, and restrains neutrophil extracellular traps extrusion in GSDMD-dependent manner. Moreover, spvC could ameliorate macrophages/neutrophils infiltration and cooperation in the inflammatory response mediated by GSDMD to combat Salmonella infection. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the antibacterial activity of GSDMD in phagocytes and reveal a novel pathogenic mechanism employed by spvC to counteract this host defense, which may shed new light on designing effective therapeutics to control S. Typhimurium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhou
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Dushu Lake Hospital, Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogen Bioscience and Anti-Infective Medicine, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Experimental Center, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayi You
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chaoyi Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingli Zuo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Medical Research Center, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Kang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogen Bioscience and Anti-Infective Medicine, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Shuyan Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogen Bioscience and Anti-Infective Medicine, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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11
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Sahoo R, Chauhan TKS, Lalhmangaihzuali L, Sinha E, Qureshi S, Mahawar M. Pan msr gene deleted strain of Salmonella Typhimurium suffers oxidative stress, depicts macromolecular damage and attenuated virulence. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21852. [PMID: 38071209 PMCID: PMC10710478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48734-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella encounters but survives host inflammatory response. To defend host-generated oxidants, Salmonella encodes primary antioxidants and protein repair enzymes. Methionine (Met) residues are highly prone to oxidation and convert into methionine sulfoxide (Met-SO) which compromises protein functions and subsequently cellular survival. However, by reducing Met-SO to Met, methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs) enhance cellular survival under stress conditions. Salmonella encodes five Msrs which are specific for particular Met-SO (free/protein bound), and 'R'/'S' types. Earlier studies assessed the effect of deletions of one or two msrs on the stress physiology of S. Typhimurium. We generated a pan msr gene deletion (Δ5msr) strain in S. Typhimurium. The Δ5msr mutant strain shows an initial lag in in vitro growth. However, the Δ5msr mutant strain depicts very high sensitivity (p < 0.0001) to hypochlorous acid (HOCl), chloramine T (ChT) and superoxide-generating oxidant paraquat. Further, the Δ5msr mutant strain shows high levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls, and protein aggregation. On the other side, the Δ5msr mutant strain exhibits lower levels of free amines. Further, the Δ5msr mutant strain is highly susceptible to neutrophils and shows defective fitness in the spleen and liver of mice. The results of the current study suggest that the deletions of all msrs render S. Typhimurium highly prone to oxidative stress and attenuate its virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Sahoo
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | | | | | - Esha Sinha
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - Salauddin Qureshi
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - Manish Mahawar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
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12
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Hajra D, Nair AV, Chakravortty D. Decoding the invasive nature of a tropical pathogen of concern: The invasive non-Typhoidal Salmonella strains causing host-restricted extraintestinal infections worldwide. Microbiol Res 2023; 277:127488. [PMID: 37716125 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Invasive-Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) are the major cause of health concern in the low-income, under-developed nations in Africa and Asia that lack proper sanitation facilities. Around 5% of the NTS cases give rise to invasive, extraintestinal diseases leading to focal infections like osteomyelitis, meningitis, osteoarthritis, endocarditis and neonatal sepsis. iNTS serovars like S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Dublin, S. Choleraesuis show a greater propensity to become invasive than others which hints at the genetic basis of their emergence. The major risk factors attributing to the invasive diseases include immune-compromised individuals having co-infection with malaria or HIV, or suffering from malnutrition. The rampant use of antibiotics leading to the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains poses a great challenge in disease management. An extensive understanding of the iNTS pathogenesis and its epidemiology will open up avenues for the development of new vaccination and therapeutic strategies to restrict the spread of this neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipasree Hajra
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, India
| | - Abhilash Vijay Nair
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, India
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13
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Liu M, Zhu K, Li X, Han Y, Yang C, Liu H, Du X, Xu X, Yang H, Song H, Qiu S, Xiang Y. Genetic characterization of a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from an infant with concurrent resistance to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 35:252-256. [PMID: 37778506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the resistance mechanism of a Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) isolated from a faecal sample of an infant, which exhibited concurrent resistance to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution in two kinds of drug-sensitive plates. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were identified by whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Genotyping of the strain was performed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Plasmid DNA was sequenced and analysed using plasmid bioinformatics tools. RESULTS The SH11G993 strain was resistant to 28 antibiotics and carried 54 AMR genes. MLST results showed that the strain belonged to a rare genotype. The plasmid profile and plasmid sequencing showed that the strain carried two resistance plasmids. The pSH11G993-1 carried 14 AMR genes (especially co-harboured blaCMY-2, mphA and ermB) and a variety of insertion sequences, belonging to the IncC. The pSH11G993-2 carried 3 AMR genes and 9 virulence genes, belonging to the IncFIB-FII, forming a novel resistance and virulence co-harbouring plasmid. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight that continuously monitor the changes in antibiotic resistance patterns and research on the resistance mechanisms in potential human pathogens are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Shaoyang Disease Control and Prevention Center, Shaoyang, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinge Li
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiran Han
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyin Du
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Song
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shaofu Qiu
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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14
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Kudo K, Ohara J, Sano C, Ohta R. Salmonella Bacteremia in an Older Patient With No Specific Entry: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e49194. [PMID: 38130520 PMCID: PMC10733605 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this case report, we describe a rare case of non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteremia in an 87-year-old woman with no apparent history of daily Salmonella exposure. The patient presented with fever, body discomfort, and diarrhea. Medical examinations ruled out usual sources of Salmonella, including raw food consumption and pet contact. Her medical history included postoperative sigmoid colon cancer, left breast cancer, and other ailments. Although Salmonella infection typically stems from oral intake, this case suggests that bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract could be the primary cause, potentially exacerbated by the patient's age and medical history. Another hypothesis is an ascending infection from diarrhea to the urinary tract, which might have led to pyelonephritis and subsequent bacteremia. This case highlights the importance of recognizing the potential for severe infections such as sepsis in older individuals presenting with diverse symptoms. Therefore, this case further underscores the need for heightened clinical vigilance, especially in community hospitals, to ensure timely and appropriate management of such severe conditions in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kudo
- Family Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Junya Ohara
- Family Medicine, Matsue Seikyo Hospital, Matsue, JPN
| | - Chiaki Sano
- Community Medicine Management, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, JPN
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15
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Sunagawa SW, Christopherson C, Bergman SJ, Miller MM, Keintz MR, Wahlig TA, Fey P, Van Schooneveld TC. Rise of the (possible) resistance: a review of susceptibility patterns for nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica in Nebraska. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2023; 3:e181. [PMID: 38028906 PMCID: PMC10654940 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2023.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Our institution sought to evaluate our antimicrobial stewardship empiric treatment recommendations for Salmonella. Results from 36 isolates demonstrated reduced susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones with 1 isolate susceptible only to ceftriaxone. Analysis supports the current recommendation of empiric ceftriaxone therapy for severe infection and updated recommendation for sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim in non-severe infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawnalyn W. Sunagawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Nutrition Care, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medicine Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Scott J. Bergman
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Nutrition Care, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medicine Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Molly M. Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Nutrition Care, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mackenzie R. Keintz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Taylor A. Wahlig
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul Fey
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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16
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Gül E, Enz U, Maurer L, Abi Younes A, Fattinger SA, Nguyen BD, Hausmann A, Furter M, Barthel M, Sellin ME, Hardt WD. Intraluminal neutrophils limit epithelium damage by reducing pathogen assault on intestinal epithelial cells during Salmonella gut infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011235. [PMID: 37384776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of neutrophils into and across the gut mucosa is a cardinal feature of intestinal inflammation in response to enteric infections. Previous work using the model pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.Tm) established that invasion of intestinal epithelial cells by S.Tm leads to recruitment of neutrophils into the gut lumen, where they can reduce pathogen loads transiently. Notably, a fraction of the pathogen population can survive this defense, re-grow to high density, and continue triggering enteropathy. However, the functions of intraluminal neutrophils in the defense against enteric pathogens and their effects on preventing or aggravating epithelial damage are still not fully understood. Here, we address this question via neutrophil depletion in different mouse models of Salmonella colitis, which differ in their degree of enteropathy. In an antibiotic pretreated mouse model, neutrophil depletion by an anti-Ly6G antibody exacerbated epithelial damage. This could be linked to compromised neutrophil-mediated elimination and reduced physical blocking of the gut-luminal S.Tm population, such that the pathogen density remained high near the epithelial surface throughout the infection. Control infections with a ssaV mutant and gentamycin-mediated elimination of gut-luminal pathogens further supported that neutrophils are protecting the luminal surface of the gut epithelium. Neutrophil depletion in germ-free and gnotobiotic mice hinted that the microbiota can modulate the infection kinetics and ameliorate epithelium-disruptive enteropathy even in the absence of neutrophil-protection. Together, our data indicate that the well-known protective effect of the microbiota is augmented by intraluminal neutrophils. After antibiotic-mediated microbiota disruption, neutrophils are central for maintaining epithelial barrier integrity during acute Salmonella-induced gut inflammation, by limiting the sustained pathogen assault on the epithelium in a critical window of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Gül
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursina Enz
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Maurer
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Abi Younes
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan A Fattinger
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bidong D Nguyen
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annika Hausmann
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Furter
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manja Barthel
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mikael E Sellin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Wang BX, Butler DS, Hamblin M, Monack DM. One species, different diseases: the unique molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of typhoidal Salmonella infections. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 72:102262. [PMID: 36640585 PMCID: PMC10023398 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is one of the most widespread bacterial pathogens found worldwide, resulting in approximately 100 million infections and over 200 000 deaths per year. Salmonella isolates, termed 'serovars', can largely be classified as either nontyphoidal or typhoidal Salmonella, which differ in regard to disease manifestation and host tropism. Nontyphoidal Salmonella causes gastroenteritis in many hosts, while typhoidal Salmonella is human-restricted and causes typhoid fever, a systemic disease with a mortality rate of up to 30% without treatment. There has been considerable interest in understanding how different Salmonella serovars cause different diseases, but the molecular details that underlie these infections have not yet been fully characterized, especially in the case of typhoidal Salmonella. In this review, we highlight the current state of research into understanding the pathogenesis of both nontyphoidal and typhoidal Salmonella, with a specific interest in serovar-specific traits that allow human-adapted strains of Salmonella to cause enteric fever. Overall, a more detailed molecular understanding of how different Salmonella isolates infect humans will provide critical insights into how we can eradicate these dangerous enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin X Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Sc Butler
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Meagan Hamblin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Denise M Monack
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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18
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Lin Y, Huang L, Tu Y, Huang B, Zhang S, Chen Y, Li W. Case report of Salmonella derby septicemia complicated with co-occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombotic microangiopathy. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:914. [PMID: 36476209 PMCID: PMC9730593 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombotic microangiopathy are complications of sepsis as Salmonella septicemia, respectively. They are related and have similar clinical characteristics as thrombopenia and organ dysfunctions. They rarely co-occur in some specific cases, which requires a clear distinction. CASE PRESENTATION A 22-year-old woman had just undergone intracranial surgery and suffered from Salmonella derby septicemia with multiorgan involvement in the hospital. Laboratory workup demonstrated coagulation disorder, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury, leading to the co-occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation and secondary thrombotic microangiopathy. She received antibiotics, plasma exchange therapy, dialysis, mechanical ventilation, fluids, and vasopressors and gained full recovery without complications. CONCLUSION Disseminated intravascular coagulation and secondary thrombotic microangiopathy can co-occur in Salmonella derby septicemia. They should be treated cautiously in diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Thrombotic microangiopathy should not be missed just because of the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Proper and timely identification of thrombotic microangiopathy with a diagnostic algorithm is essential for appropriate treatment and better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Lin
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Intensive Care, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Huang
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Intensive Care, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunliang Tu
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Intensive Care, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Huang
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Intensive Care, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Intensive Care, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingqun Chen
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Intensive Care, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weijia Li
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Intensive Care, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Xie M, Chen K, Chan EWC, Chen S. Identification and genetic characterization of two conjugative plasmids that confer azithromycin resistance in Salmonella. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1049-1057. [PMID: 35333699 PMCID: PMC9009942 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2058420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
With the development of multidrug resistance in Salmonella spp. in recent years, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin have become the principal antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of Salmonella infections. The underlying mechanisms of plasmid-mediated ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone resistance have attracted extensive research interest, but not much is focused on azithromycin resistance in Salmonella. In this study, we investigated the genetic features of two conjugative plasmids and a non-transferable virulence plasmid that encode azithromycin resistance in food-borne Salmonella strains. We showed that the azithromycin resistance phenotype of these strains was conferred by erm(B) gene and/or the complete genetic structure IS26-mph(A)-mrx-mphR-IS6100. Comparative genetic analysis showed that these conjugative plasmids might originate from Escherichia coli and play a role in the rapid dissemination of azithromycin resistance in Salmonella. These conjugative plasmids may also serve as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Salmonella in which these AMR genes may be acquired by the virulence plasmids of Salmonella via genetic transposition events. Importantly, the formation of a novel macrolide-resistance and virulence-encoding plasmid, namely pS1380-118 kb, was observed in this study. This plasmid was found to exhibit transmission potential and pose a serious health threat as the extensive transmission of azithromycin resistant and virulent Salmonella strains would further compromise the effectiveness of treatment for salmonellosis. Further surveillance and research on the dissemination and evolution routes of pS1380-118kb-like plasmids in potential human pathogens of the family of Enterobacteriaceae are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kaichao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Edward Wai-Chi Chan
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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