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Sims JL, Cole AR, Moran ZS, Mansfield CM, Possamai B, Rojo M, King RS, Matson CW, Brooks BW. The Tissue-Specific Eco-Exposome: Differential Pharmaceutical Bioaccumulation and Disposition in Fish among Trophic Positions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38888274 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Though bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals by aquatic organisms continues to receive scientific attention, the internal disposition of these contaminants among different tissue compartments of fish species has been infrequently investigated, particularly among fish at different trophic positions. We tested a human to fish biological read-across hypothesis for contaminant disposition by examining tissue-specific accumulation in three understudied species, longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus; piscivore), gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum; planktivore/detritivore), and smallmouth buffalo (Ictiobus bubalus; benthivore), from a river influenced by municipal effluent discharge. In addition to surface water, fish plasma, and brain, gill, gonad, liver, and lateral muscle fillet tissues were analyzed via isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Caffeine and sucralose, two common effluent tracers, were quantitated at low micrograms per liter levels in surface water, while an anticonvulsant, carbamazepine, was observed at levels up to 37 ng/L. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine and sertraline and primary metabolites were detected in at least one tissue of all three species at low micrograms per kilogram concentrations. Within each species, brain and liver of select fish contained the highest levels of SSRIs compared to plasma and other tissues, which is generally consistent with human tissue disposition patterns. However, we observed differential accumulation among specific tissue types and species. For example, mean levels of sertraline in brain and liver tissues were 13.4 µg/kg and 1.5 µg/kg in gizzard shad and 1.3 µg/kg and 7.3 µg/kg in longnose gar, respectively. In contrast, smallmouth buffalo did not consistently accumulate SSRIs to detectable levels. Tissue-specific eco-exposome efforts are necessary to understand mechanisms associated with such marked bioaccumulation and internal dispositional differences among freshwater fish species occupying different trophic positions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-9. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaylen L Sims
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander R Cole
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Zachary S Moran
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Charles M Mansfield
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Bianca Possamai
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Macarena Rojo
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan S King
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Cole W Matson
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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2
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Brooks BW, van den Berg S, Dreier DA, LaLone CA, Owen SF, Raimondo S, Zhang X. Towards Precision Ecotoxicology: Leveraging Evolutionary Conservation of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Product Targets to Understand Adverse Outcomes Across Species and Life Stages. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:526-536. [PMID: 37787405 PMCID: PMC11017229 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Translation of environmental science to the practice aims to protect biodiversity and ecosystem services, and our future ability to do so relies on the development of a precision ecotoxicology approach wherein we leverage the genetics and informatics of species to better understand and manage the risks of global pollution. A little over a decade ago, a workshop focusing on the risks of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment identified a priority research question, "What can be learned about the evolutionary conservation of PPCP targets across species and life stages in the context of potential adverse outcomes and effects?" We review the activities in this area over the past decade, consider prospects of more recent developments, and identify future research needs to develop next-generation approaches for PPCPs and other global chemicals and waste challenges. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:526-536. © 2023 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | | | - David A Dreier
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Stewart F Owen
- Global Sustainability, Astra Zeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Sandy Raimondo
- Gulf Ecosystem Measurement and Modeling Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Florida
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Henke AN, Chilukuri S, Langan LM, Brooks BW. Reporting and reproducibility: Proteomics of fish models in environmental toxicology and ecotoxicology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168455. [PMID: 37979845 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Environmental toxicology and ecotoxicology research efforts are employing proteomics with fish models as New Approach Methodologies, along with in silico, in vitro and other omics techniques to elucidate hazards of toxicants and toxins. We performed a critical review of toxicology studies with fish models using proteomics and reported fundamental parameters across experimental design, sample preparation, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics of fish, which represent alternative vertebrate models in environmental toxicology, and routinely studied animals in ecotoxicology. We observed inconsistencies in reporting and methodologies among experimental designs, sample preparations, data acquisitions and bioinformatics, which can affect reproducibility of experimental results. We identified a distinct need to develop reporting guidelines for proteomics use in environmental toxicology and ecotoxicology, increased QA/QC throughout studies, and method optimization with an emphasis on reducing inconsistencies among studies. Several recommendations are offered as logical steps to advance development and application of this emerging research area to understand chemical hazards to public health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail N Henke
- Department of Biology, Baylor University Waco, TX, USA; Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR), Baylor University Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - Laura M Langan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University Waco, TX, USA; Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR), Baylor University Waco, TX, USA.
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University Waco, TX, USA; Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR), Baylor University Waco, TX, USA.
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4
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Menéndez-Velázquez A, García-Delgado AB. A Novel Photopharmacological Tool: Dual-Step Luminescence for Biological Tissue Penetration of Light and the Selective Activation of Photodrugs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119404. [PMID: 37298355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional pharmacology lacks spatial and temporal selectivity in terms of drug action. This leads to unwanted side effects, such as damage to healthy cells, as well as other less obvious effects, such as environmental toxicity and the acquisition of resistance to drugs, especially antibiotics, by pathogenic microorganisms. Photopharmacology, based on the selective activation of drugs by light, can contribute to alleviating this serious problem. However, many of these photodrugs are activated by light in the UV-visible spectral range, which does not propagate through biological tissues. In this article, to overcome this problem, we propose a dual-spectral conversion technique, which simultaneously makes use of up-conversion (using rare earth elements) and down-shifting (using organic materials) techniques in order to modify the spectrum of light. Near-infrared light (980 nm), which penetrates tissue fairly well, can provide a "remote control" for drug activation. Once near-IR light is inside the body, it is up-converted to the UV-visible spectral range. Subsequently, this radiation is down-shifted in order to accurately adjust to the excitation wavelengths of light which can selectively activate hypothetical and specific photodrugs. In summary, this article presents, for the first time, a "dual tunable light source" which can penetrate into the human body and deliver light of specific wavelengths; thus, it can overcome one of the main limitations of photopharmacology. It opens up promising possibilities for the moving of photodrugs from the laboratory to the clinic.
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5
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Wronski AR, Brooks BW. Global occurrence and aquatic hazards of antipsychotics in sewage influents, effluent discharges and surface waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121042. [PMID: 36646406 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing reports of pharmaceuticals in surface waters, aquatic hazard information remains limited for many contaminants, particularly for sublethal, chronic responses plausibly linked to molecular initiation events that are largely conserved across vertebrates. Here, we critically examined available refereed information on the occurrence of 67 antipsychotics in wastewater effluent and surface waters. Because the majority of sewage remains untreated around the world, we also examined occurrence in sewage influents. When sufficient information was available, we developed probabilistic environmental exposure distributions (EEDs) for each compound in each matrix by geographic region. We then performed probabilistic environmental hazard assessments (PEHAs) using therapeutic hazard values (THVs) of each compound, due to limited sublethal aquatic toxicology information for this class of pharmaceuticals. From these PEHAs, we determined predicted exceedances of the respective THVs for each chemical among matrices and regions, noting that THV values of antipsychotic contaminants are typically lower than other classes of human pharmaceuticals. Diverse exceedances were observed, and these aquatic hazards varied by compound, matrix and geographic region. In wastewater effluent discharges and surface waters, sulpiride was the most detected antipsychotic; however, percent exceedances of the THV were minimal (0.6%) for this medication. In contrast, we observed elevated aquatic hazards for chlorpromazine (30.5%), aripiprazole (37.5%), and perphenazine (68.7%) in effluent discharges, and for chlorprothixene (35.4%) and flupentixol (98.8%) in surface waters. Elevated aquatic hazards for relatively understudied antipsychotics were identified, which highlight important data gaps for future environmental chemistry and toxicology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wronski
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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6
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Zhang L, Brooks BW, Liu F, Zhou Z, Li H, You J. Human Apparent Volume of Distribution Predicts Bioaccumulation of Ionizable Organic Chemicals in Zebrafish Embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11547-11558. [PMID: 35896009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals with elevated bioaccumulation profiles present potential hazards to public health and the environment. Ionizable organic compounds (IOCs) increasingly represent a large proportion of commercial chemicals; however, historical approaches for bioaccumulation determinations are mainly developed for neutral chemicals, which were not appropriate for IOCs. Herein, we employed the zebrafish embryo, a common vertebrate model in environmental and biomedical studies, to elucidate toxicokinetics and bioconcentration of eight IOCs with diverse physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic parameters. At an environmentally relevant pH (7.5), most IOCs exhibited rapid uptake and depuration in zebrafish, suggesting the ionized forms of IOCs are readily bioavailable. Bioconcentration factors (BCF) of these IOCs ranged from 0.0530 to 250 L·kg-1 wet weight. The human pharmacokinetic proportionality factor, apparent volume of distribution (VD), better predicted the BCF of selected IOCs than more commonly used hydrophobicity-based parameters (e.g., pH-dependent octanol-water distribution ratio, Dow). Predictive bioaccumulation models for IOCs were constructed and validated using VD alone or with Dow. Significant relationships between fish BCF and human VD, which is readily available for pharmaceuticals, highlighted the utility of biologically based "read-across" approaches for predicting bioaccumulative potential of IOCs. Our novel findings thus provided an understanding of the partitioning behavior and improved predictive bioconcentration modeling for IOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Fen Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Zhimin Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
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7
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Macdonell M, Kawedia JD, Zhang YP, Roux R, Myers AL. Chemical Degradation of Intravenous Chemotherapy Agents and Opioids by a Novel Instrument. Hosp Pharm 2021; 56:576-583. [PMID: 34720163 DOI: 10.1177/0018578720931456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To assess chemical degradation of various liquid chemotherapy and opioid drugs in the novel RxDestruct™ instrument. Methods: Intravenous (IV) drug solutions for chemotherapy and pain management were prepared using 0.9% normal saline in Excel® bags to a final volume of 500 mL. We investigated duplicate IV solutions of methotrexate (0.1 mg/mL), etoposide (0.4 mg/mL), doxorubicin (0.25 mg/mL), cladribine (12.4 µg/mL), fentanyl (1.0 µg/mL), and hydromorphone (12.0 µg/mL) in this study. Solutions were poured into an automated instrument to undergo pulsatile chemical treatment (Fenton reactions) for 20 minutes, and then discharged from the instrument through a waste outlet. Extent of intact drug degradation was determined by measuring concentrations of drugs before entry into the instrument and after chemical treatment in the filtrate using high-performance liquid-chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). Results: Following chemical reactions (Fenton processes) in the automated instrument, infusion solutions containing methotrexate, etoposide, doxorubicin, and cladribine had levels below the HPLC-UV limit of quantification (LOQ), indicating <50 ppb of each. This equated to >99.5%, 99.99%, 99.9%, and 99.8% intact drug loss, respectively. Likewise, processed samples of fentanyl and hydromorphone contained levels below the LOQ (78 and 98 ng/mL, respectively), indicating extensive degradation (>92.2% and 99.2% intact drug loss, respectively). Conclusion: The novel instrument was capable of degrading intact chemotherapy and opioid drugs prepared in infusion solutions to undetectable quantities by HPLC-UV. RxDestruct™ is a possible alternative for disposal of aqueous medication waste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Ping Zhang
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Roux
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alan L Myers
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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8
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Chang ED, Town RM, Owen SF, Hogstrand C, Bury NR. Effect of Water pH on the Uptake of Acidic (Ibuprofen) and Basic (Propranolol) Drugs in a Fish Gill Cell Culture Model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6848-6856. [PMID: 33724810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water pH is predicted to affect the uptake of ionizable pharmaceuticals in fish. The current study used an in vitro primary fish gill cell culture system to assess the effect of pH values in the range of 4.5-8.75 on the uptake rates of the base propranolol (pKa 9.42) and the acid ibuprofen (pKa 4.59). The rate-limiting step in the uptake was the diffusive supply flux of the unionized form from the water to the apical membrane, with subsequent rapid transfer across the epithelium. Computed uptake rate based on the unionized fraction best described the uptake of propranolol and ibuprofen over the range of pH values 5-8 and 6-8.75, respectively. For ibuprofen, the computed uptake rate overestimated the uptake below pH 6 where the unionized fraction increased from 4% at pH 6 to 55% at pH 4.5. As the unionized fraction increased, the uptake rate plateaued suggesting a saturation of the transport process. For both drugs, large variations in the uptake occur with only small fluctuations in pH values. This occurs between pH values 6 and 8, which is the pH range acceptable in regulatory test guidelines and seen in most of our freshwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Dohmann Chang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Raewyn M Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerpen 2020, Belgium
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Global Sustainability, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, United Kingdom
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Nic R Bury
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
- University of Suffolk, School of Engineering, Arts, Science and Technology, James Hehir Building, Suffolk Sustainability Institute, University Quays, Ipswich, Suffolk IP3 0AQ, United Kingdom
- Suffolk Sustainability, University of Suffolk, Waterfront Building, Neptune Quay, Ipswich IP4 1QJ, U.K
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Seoane M, Cid Á, Herrero C, Esperanza M. Comparative acute toxicity of benzophenone derivatives and bisphenol analogues in the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:142-153. [PMID: 33159647 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02299-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among UV-filters, benzophenones are one of the most abundantly used and detected groups in the environment. Bisphenols are also one of the most widely used chemicals in plastics, but their demonstrated deleterious effects on several organisms and humans have led to the production of alternative analogues. However, few comparative studies on the ecotoxicological effects of these derivatives or analogues have been carried out. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of two benzophenones (BP-3 and BP-4) and two bisphenols (BPA and BPS) in a short-term exposure of the freshwater endobenthic bivalve Corbicula fluminea. Clams were exposed for 96 h to several concentrations of the four pollutants: BP-3 (0.63; 1.25; 2.5; 5 mg l-1), BP-4 (4.75; 9.5; 19; 38 mg l-1), BPA (3.75; 7.5; 15; 30 mg l-1), and BPS (2.5; 5; 10; 20 mg l-1). The comparative acute toxicity of these pollutants was evaluated by the analysis of the post-exposure filtering capacity of clams, lipid peroxidation (LP) levels and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR). After the exposure period, except for BP-4, the chemicals tested seemed to be detected by clams and provoked valve closure, decreasing filter-feeding in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, C. fluminea exposed to the highest concentrations of BP-3, BP-4 and BPA showed a significant increase in LP, CAT and GR activities with respect to their controls. BP-3 and BPA were the most toxic compounds showing significant differences in all the parameters analysed at the highest concentrations assayed. However, clams exposed to BPS showed only significant alterations in filtration parameters and in GR activity, in the two highest concentrations tested, indicating that this compound was the least toxic to clams. Obtained results highlight the importance of investigating the effects that emerging pollutants have on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Seoane
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángeles Cid
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Concepción Herrero
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Marta Esperanza
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain.
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Švecová H, Grabic R, Grabicová K, Vojs Staňová A, Fedorova G, Cerveny D, Turek J, Randák T, Brooks BW. De facto reuse at the watershed scale: Seasonal changes, population contributions, instream flows and water quality hazards of human pharmaceuticals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115888. [PMID: 33158621 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With increasing population growth and climate change, de facto reuse practices are predicted to increase globally. We investigated a longitudinal gradient within the Uhlava River, a representative watershed, where de facto reuse is actively occurring, during Fall and Spring seasons when instream flows vary. We observed human pharmaceutical levels in the river to continuously increase from the mountainous areas upstream to downstream locations and a potable intake location, with the highest concentrations found in small tributaries. Significant relationship was identified between mass flow of pharmaceuticals and the size of human populations contributing to wastewater treatment plant discharges. Advanced ozonation and granular activated carbon filtration effectively removed pharmaceuticals from potable source waters. We observed a higher probability of encountering a number of targeted pharmaceuticals during colder Spring months when stream flows were elevated compared to warmer conditions with lower flows in the Fall despite a dilution paradigm routinely applied for surface water quality assessment and management efforts. Such observations translated to greater water quality hazards during these higher Spring flows. Future water monitoring efforts should account for periods when higher chemical uses occur, particularly in the face of climate change for regions experiencing population growth and de facto reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Švecová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Vojs Staňová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ganna Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Cerveny
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Turek
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Randák
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic; Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
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11
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Franco ME, Burket SR, Sims JL, Lovin LM, Scarlett KR, Stroski K, Steenbeek R, Ashcroft C, Luers M, Brooks BW, Lavado R. Multi-approach assessment for the evaluation of spatio-temporal estrogenicity in fish from effluent-dominated surface waters under low instream flow. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115122. [PMID: 32806468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Current practices employed by most wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are unable to completely remove endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) from reclaimed waters, and consistently discharge these substances to receiving systems. Effluent-dominated and dependent surface waters, especially during low instream flows, can increase exposure and risks to aquatic organisms due to adverse biological effects associated with EDCs. Given the ecological implications that may arise from exposure to such compounds, the present a multi-approach study examined spatio-temporal estrogenic potential of wastewater effluent to fish in East Canyon Creek (ECC), Utah, USA, a unique urban river with instream flows seasonally influenced by snowmelt. Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were caged at different upstream and downstream sites from an effluent discharge during the summer and fall seasons. In the summer, where approximately 50% of the streamflow was dominated by effluent, fish from the upstream and a downstream site, located 13 miles away from the effluent discharge, presented significantly elevated concentrations of plasma vitellogenin (VTG). Similarly, significantly high 17β-estradiol to 11-ketotestosterone ratios were measured in the summer across all sites and time points, compared to the fall. In the laboratory, juvenile fish and primary hepatocytes were exposed to concentrated effluent and surface water samples. Quantification of VTG, although in significantly lower levels, resembled response patterns observed in fish from the field study. Furthermore, analytical quantification of common EDCs in wastewater revealed the presence of estriol and estrone, though these did not appear to be related to the observed biological responses, as these were more significant in sites were no EDCs were detected. These combined observations suggest potential estrogenicity for fish in ECC under continuous exposures and highlight the advantages of following weight-of-evidence (WoE) approaches for environmental monitoring, as targeted analytically-based assessments may or may not support the identification of causative contaminants for adverse biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco E Franco
- Department of Environmental Science and Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - S Rebekah Burket
- Department of Environmental Science and Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Jaylen L Sims
- Department of Environmental Science and Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Lea M Lovin
- Department of Environmental Science and Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Kendall R Scarlett
- Department of Environmental Science and Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Kevin Stroski
- Department of Environmental Science and Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Ruud Steenbeek
- Department of Environmental Science and Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | | | - Michael Luers
- Snyderville Basin Water Reclamation District, Park City, UT, 84098, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science and Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Ramon Lavado
- Department of Environmental Science and Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
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12
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Sims JL, Burket SR, Franco ME, Lovin LM, Scarlett KR, Steenbeek R, Chambliss CK, Ashcroft C, Luers M, Lavado R, Brooks BW. Pharmaceutical uptake kinetics in rainbow trout: In situ bioaccumulation in an effluent-dominated river influenced by snowmelt. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139603. [PMID: 32502782 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Whether seasonal instream flow dynamics influence bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals by fish is not well understood, specifically for urban lotic systems in semi-arid regions when flows are influenced by snowmelt. We examined uptake of select pharmaceuticals in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) caged in situ upstream and at incremental distances downstream (0.1, 1.4, 13 miles) from a municipal effluent discharge to East Canyon Creek in Park City, Utah, USA during summer and fall of 2018. Fish were sampled over 7-d to examine if uptake occurred, and to define uptake kinetics. Water and fish tissues were analyzed via isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Several pharmaceuticals were consistently detected in water, fish tissue and plasma, including carbamazepine, diphenhydramine, diltiazem, and fluoxetine. Pharmaceutical levels in water ranged up to 151 ng/L for carbamazepine, whereas the effluent tracer sucralose was consistently observed at low μg/L levels. During both summer and fall experiments at each of three downstream locations from effluent discharge, rainbow trout rapidly accumulated these pharmaceuticals; tissue levels reached steady state conditions within 24-96 h. Spatial and temporal differences for pharmaceutical levels in rainbow trout directly corresponded with surface water exposure concentrations, and uptake kinetics for individual pharmaceuticals did not vary among sites or seasons. Such observations are consistent with recent laboratory bioconcentration studies, which collectively indicate inhalational exposure from water governs rapid accumulation of ionizable base pharmaceuticals by fish in inland surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaylen L Sims
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - S Rebekah Burket
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Marco E Franco
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Lea M Lovin
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Kendall R Scarlett
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Ruud Steenbeek
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - C Kevin Chambliss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael Luers
- Snyderville Basin Water Reclamation District, Park City, UT, USA
| | - Ramon Lavado
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Leung KM, Yeung KW, You J, Choi K, Zhang X, Smith R, Zhou G, Yung MM, Arias‐Barreiro C, An Y, Burket SR, Dwyer R, Goodkin N, Hii YS, Hoang T, Humphrey C, Iwai CB, Jeong S, Juhel G, Karami A, Kyriazi‐Huber K, Lee K, Lin B, Lu B, Martin P, Nillos MG, Oginawati K, Rathnayake I, Risjani Y, Shoeb M, Tan CH, Tsuchiya MC, Ankley GT, Boxall AB, Rudd MA, Brooks BW. Toward Sustainable Environmental Quality: Priority Research Questions for Asia. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1485-1505. [PMID: 32474951 PMCID: PMC7496081 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and human health challenges are pronounced in Asia, an exceptionally diverse and complex region where influences of global megatrends are extensive and numerous stresses to environmental quality exist. Identifying priorities necessary to engage grand challenges can be facilitated through horizon scanning exercises, and to this end we identified and examined 23 priority research questions needed to advance toward more sustainable environmental quality in Asia, as part of the Global Horizon Scanning Project. Advances in environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry, biological monitoring, and risk-assessment methodologies are necessary to address the adverse impacts of environmental stressors on ecosystem services and biodiversity, with Asia being home to numerous biodiversity hotspots. Intersections of the food-energy-water nexus are profound in Asia; innovative and aggressive technologies are necessary to provide clean water, ensure food safety, and stimulate energy efficiency, while improving ecological integrity and addressing legacy and emerging threats to public health and the environment, particularly with increased aquaculture production. Asia is the largest chemical-producing continent globally. Accordingly, sustainable and green chemistry and engineering present decided opportunities to stimulate innovation and realize a number of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Engaging the priority research questions identified herein will require transdisciplinary coordination through existing and nontraditional partnerships within and among countries and sectors. Answering these questions will not be easy but is necessary to achieve more sustainable environmental quality in Asia. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1485-1505. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M.Y. Leung
- Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Katie W.Y. Yeung
- Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina
| | - Jing You
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and HealthJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | | | - Xiaowei Zhang
- School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | | | - Guang‐Jie Zhou
- Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chris Humphrey
- Supervising Scientist BranchCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin‐Le Lin
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyTokyoJapan
| | - Ben Lu
- International Copper Association–AsiaShanghaiChina
| | | | - Mae Grace Nillos
- College of Fisheries and Ocean SciencesUniversity of the Philippines VisayasIloilo CityPhilippines
| | | | - I.V.N. Rathnayake
- Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of Science, University of KelaniyaKelaniyaSri Lanka
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bryan W. Brooks
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and HealthJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Baylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
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14
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Wang D, Ning Q, Dong J, Brooks BW, You J. Predicting mixture toxicity and antibiotic resistance of fluoroquinolones and their photodegradation products in Escherichia coli. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114275. [PMID: 32142973 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics in the environment usually co-exist with their transformation products with retained toxicity, raising concerns about environmental risks of their combined exposure. Herein, we reported a novel predictive approach for evaluating the individual and combined toxicity for photodegradation products of fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs). Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models with promising predictive performance were constructed and validated using experimental data obtained with 13 FQs and 78 mixtures towards E. coli. A structural descriptor reflecting the interaction among FQ molecules and the target protein was employed in the QSAR models, which was obtained through molecular docking and thus provided a rational mechanistic explanation for these models. The predicted results indicated that the degradation products displayed varying degrees of changes compared to the parent FQs, while the combined toxicity of FQs and their degradation products was mostly additive. Furthermore, following UV irradiation the degradation products displayed elevated capacity of inducing resistance mutations in E. coli, though their overall toxicity was reduced. This result highlights the implications of antibiotic degradation products on resistance development in bacteria and stresses the importance of considering such impacts during environmental risk assessments of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Qing Ning
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jiayu Dong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China; Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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15
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Grabicová K, Grabic R, Fedorova G, Kolářová J, Turek J, Brooks BW, Randák T. Psychoactive pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems: A comparative assessment of environmental monitoring approaches for water and fish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114150. [PMID: 32062094 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental monitoring and surveillance studies of pharmaceuticals routinely examine occurrence of substances without current information on human consumption patterns. We selected 10 streams with diverse annual flows and differentially influenced by population densities to examine surface water occurrence and fish accumulation of select psychoactive medicines, for which consumption is increasing in the Czech Republic. We then tested whether passive sampling can provide a useful surrogate for exposure to these substances through grab sampling, body burdens of young of year fish, and tissue specific accumulation of these psychoactive contaminants. We identified a statistically significant (p < 0.05) relationship between ambient grab samples and passive samplers in these streams when psychoactive contaminants were commonly quantitated by targeted liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, though we did not observe relationships between passive samplers and tissue specific pharmaceutical accumulation. We further observed smaller lotic systems with elevated contamination when municipal effluent discharges from more highly populated cities contributed a greater extent of instream flows. These findings identify the importance of understanding age and species specific differences in fish uptake, internal disposition, metabolism and elimination of psychoactive drugs across surface water quality gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Ganna Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Kolářová
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Turek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic; Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Tomáš Randák
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
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16
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Brooks BW, Sabo-Attwood T, Choi K, Kim S, Kostal J, LaLone CA, Langan LM, Margiotta-Casaluci L, You J, Zhang X. Toxicology Advances for 21 st Century Chemical Pollution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:312-316. [PMID: 34171027 PMCID: PMC7181993 DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pollution represents a leading threat to global health and ecosystems. Systems-based initiatives, including Planetary Health, EcoHealth, and One Health, require theoretical and translational platforms to address chemical pollution. Comparative and predictive toxicology are providing integrative approaches for identifying problematic contaminants, designing less hazardous alternatives, and reducing the impacts of chemical pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan W Brooks
- Environmental Health Science Program, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Environmental Health Science Program, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Jakub Kostal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Laura M Langan
- Environmental Health Science Program, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Luigi Margiotta-Casaluci
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Vossen LE, Cerveny D, Österkrans M, Thörnqvist PO, Jutfelt F, Fick J, Brodin T, Winberg S. Chronic Exposure to Oxazepam Pollution Produces Tolerance to Anxiolytic Effects in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1760-1769. [PMID: 31934760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental concentrations of the anxiolytic drug oxazepam have been found to disrupt antipredator behaviors of wild fish. Most experiments exposed fish for a week, while evidence from mammals suggests that chronic exposure to therapeutic concentrations of benzodiazepines (such as oxazepam) results in the development of tolerance to the anxiolytic effects. If tolerance can also develop in response to the low concentrations found in the aquatic environment, it could mitigate the negative effects of oxazepam pollution. In the current study, we exposed wild-caught zebrafish to oxazepam (∼7 μg L-1) for 7 or 28 days and evaluated behavioral and physiological parameters at both time points. Females showed reduced diving responses to conspecific alarm pheromone after 7 days, but not after 28 days, indicating that they had developed tolerance to the anxiolytic effects of the drug. Zebrafish males were not affected by this oxazepam concentration, in line with earlier results. Serotonin turnover (ratio 5-HIAA/5-HT) was reduced in exposed females and males after 28 days, indicating that brain neurochemistry had not normalized. Post-confinement cortisol concentrations and gene expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) were not affected by oxazepam. We did not find evidence that chronically exposed fish had altered relative expression of GABAA receptor subunits, suggesting that some other still unknown mechanism caused the developed tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Vossen
- Department of Neuroscience , Uppsala University , SE-751 24 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Daniel Cerveny
- Department of Chemistry , Umeå University , SE-901 87 Umeå , Sweden
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses , University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice , Zátiší 728/II , 389 25 Vodňany , Czech Republic
| | - Marcus Österkrans
- Department of Neuroscience , Uppsala University , SE-751 24 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Per-Ove Thörnqvist
- Department of Neuroscience , Uppsala University , SE-751 24 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biology , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , EU2-167 Trondheim , Norway
| | - Jerker Fick
- Department of Chemistry , Umeå University , SE-901 87 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , SE-901 83 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Svante Winberg
- Department of Neuroscience , Uppsala University , SE-751 24 Uppsala , Sweden
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18
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Cooke SJ, Madliger CL, Cramp RL, Beardall J, Burness G, Chown SL, Clark TD, Dantzer B, de la Barrera E, Fangue NA, Franklin CE, Fuller A, Hawkes LA, Hultine KR, Hunt KE, Love OP, MacMillan HA, Mandelman JW, Mark FC, Martin LB, Newman AEM, Nicotra AB, Robinson SA, Ropert-Coudert Y, Rummer JL, Seebacher F, Todgham AE. Reframing conservation physiology to be more inclusive, integrative, relevant and forward-looking: reflections and a horizon scan. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 8:coaa016. [PMID: 32274063 PMCID: PMC7125050 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Applying physiological tools, knowledge and concepts to understand conservation problems (i.e. conservation physiology) has become commonplace and confers an ability to understand mechanistic processes, develop predictive models and identify cause-and-effect relationships. Conservation physiology is making contributions to conservation solutions; the number of 'success stories' is growing, but there remain unexplored opportunities for which conservation physiology shows immense promise and has the potential to contribute to major advances in protecting and restoring biodiversity. Here, we consider how conservation physiology has evolved with a focus on reframing the discipline to be more inclusive and integrative. Using a 'horizon scan', we further explore ways in which conservation physiology can be more relevant to pressing conservation issues of today (e.g. addressing the Sustainable Development Goals; delivering science to support the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration), as well as more forward-looking to inform emerging issues and policies for tomorrow. Our horizon scan provides evidence that, as the discipline of conservation physiology continues to mature, it provides a wealth of opportunities to promote integration, inclusivity and forward-thinking goals that contribute to achieving conservation gains. To advance environmental management and ecosystem restoration, we need to ensure that the underlying science (such as that generated by conservation physiology) is relevant with accompanying messaging that is straightforward and accessible to end users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Corresponding author: Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Christine L Madliger
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Cramp
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gary Burness
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Timothy D Clark
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 14 3216, Australia
| | - Ben Dantzer
- Department of Psychology, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Erick de la Barrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Morelia, Michoacán, 58190, Mexico
| | - Nann A Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish & Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Craig E Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Andrea Fuller
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Rd, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Lucy A Hawkes
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Kevin R Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - Kathleen E Hunt
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Oliver P Love
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Heath A MacMillan
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - John W Mandelman
- Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium, 1 Central Wharf, Boston, MA 02110, USA
| | - Felix C Mark
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27574 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Lynn B Martin
- Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Amy E M Newman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Adrienne B Nicotra
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sharon A Robinson
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences (SEALS) and Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Yan Ropert-Coudert
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS UMR 7372 - La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 5811, Australia
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Anne E Todgham
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave. Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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19
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Franzellitti S, Balbi T, Montagna M, Fabbri R, Valbonesi P, Fabbri E, Canesi L. Phenotypical and molecular changes induced by carbamazepine and propranolol on larval stages of Mytilus galloprovincialis. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:962-970. [PMID: 31519105 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The possible impact of carbamazepine (CBZ) and propranolol (PROP), two widespread pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment, were investigated on morphology and gene transcription of early larvae of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Pharmaceuticals were first tested in a wide concentration range (from 0.01 to 1000 μg/L) through the 48-hpf embryotoxicity assay. The results showed that both compounds significantly affected embryo development from environmental concentrations. Although similar EC50 were obtained, (≅ 1 μg/L) CBZ induced a progressive increase in embryo malformations, whereas PROP apparently showed greater impacts in terms of arrested development and embryo mortality at higher concentrations (>10 μg/L). Transcriptional analyses of 17 genes involved in different physiological functions in mussels and/or in their response to environmental contaminants, were performed at 24 and 48 h pf at two selected concentrations of CBZ and PROP (0.01 and 1 μg/L). Both compounds induced down-regulation of shell-specific and neuroendocrine related transcripts, while distinct effects were observed on antioxidant, lysosomal, and immune-related transcripts, also depending on the larval stage investigated. The results demonstrate that CBZ and PROP can affect development and gene transcription in mussel early larvae at environmental concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Franzellitti
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGEA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Teresa Balbi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Montagna
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Rita Fabbri
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Valbonesi
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGEA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGEA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
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Gaw S, Harford A, Pettigrove V, Sevicke‐Jones G, Manning T, Ataria J, Cresswell T, Dafforn KA, Leusch FDL, Moggridge B, Cameron M, Chapman J, Coates G, Colville A, Death C, Hageman K, Hassell K, Hoak M, Gadd J, Jolley DF, Karami A, Kotzakoulakis K, Lim R, McRae N, Metzeling L, Mooney T, Myers J, Pearson A, Saaristo M, Sharley D, Stuthe J, Sutherland O, Thomas O, Tremblay L, Wood W, Boxall ABA, Rudd MA, Brooks BW. Towards Sustainable Environmental Quality: Priority Research Questions for the Australasian Region of Oceania. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2019; 15:917-935. [PMID: 31273905 PMCID: PMC6899907 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental challenges persist across the world, including the Australasian region of Oceania, where biodiversity hotspots and unique ecosystems such as the Great Barrier Reef are common. These systems are routinely affected by multiple stressors from anthropogenic activities, and increasingly influenced by global megatrends (e.g., the food-energy-water nexus, demographic transitions to cities) and climate change. Here we report priority research questions from the Global Horizon Scanning Project, which aimed to identify, prioritize, and advance environmental quality research needs from an Australasian perspective, within a global context. We employed a transparent and inclusive process of soliciting key questions from Australasian members of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Following submission of 78 questions, 20 priority research questions were identified during an expert workshop in Nelson, New Zealand. These research questions covered a range of issues of global relevance, including research needed to more closely integrate ecotoxicology and ecology for the protection of ecosystems, increase flexibility for prioritizing chemical substances currently in commerce, understand the impacts of complex mixtures and multiple stressors, and define environmental quality and ecosystem integrity of temporary waters. Some questions have specific relevance to Australasia, particularly the uncertainties associated with using toxicity data from exotic species to protect unique indigenous species. Several related priority questions deal with the theme of how widely international ecotoxicological data and databases can be applied to regional ecosystems. Other timely questions, which focus on improving predictive chemistry and toxicology tools and techniques, will be important to answer several of the priority questions identified here. Another important question raised was how to protect local cultural and social values and maintain indigenous engagement during problem formulation and identification of ecosystem protection goals. Addressing these questions will be challenging, but doing so promises to advance environmental sustainability in Oceania and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Gaw
- School of Physical and Chemical SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Andrew Harford
- Department of the Environment and EnergyAustralian Government, DarwinAustralia
| | - Vincent Pettigrove
- Aquatic Environmental Stress Research CentreRMIT University, BundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Tom Cresswell
- Australia's Nuclear Science and Technology OrganisationLucas HeightsAustralia
| | | | - Frederic DL Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Bradley Moggridge
- Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralia
| | | | - John Chapman
- Office of Environment and HeritageNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Gary Coates
- Te Rūnanga o Ngāi TahuChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Anne Colville
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Claire Death
- Faculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kimberly Hageman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUtah State University, LoganUtahUSA
| | - Kathryn Hassell
- Aquatic Environmental Stress Research CentreRMIT University, BundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Molly Hoak
- School of BiosciencesThe University of Melbourne, ParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jennifer Gadd
- National Institute of Atmospheric and Water ResearchAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Ali Karami
- Environmental Futures Research InstituteGriffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia
| | | | - Richard Lim
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Nicole McRae
- School of Physical and Chemical SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | | | - Thomas Mooney
- Department of the Environment and EnergyAustralian Government, DarwinAustralia
| | - Jackie Myers
- Aquatic Environmental Stress Research CentreRMIT University, BundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Minna Saaristo
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Dave Sharley
- Bio2Lab, Melbourne Innovation CentreGreensboroughAustralia
| | | | | | - Oliver Thomas
- School of Applied Chemistry and Environmental ScienceRMIT University, MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Louis Tremblay
- Cawthron InstituteNelsonNew Zealand
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
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Fairbrother A, Muir D, Solomon KR, Ankley GT, Rudd MA, Boxall AB, Apell JN, Armbrust KL, Blalock BJ, Bowman SR, Campbell LM, Cobb GP, Connors KA, Dreier DA, Evans MS, Henry CJ, Hoke RA, Houde M, Klaine SJ, Klaper RD, Kullik SA, Lanno RP, Meyer C, Ottinger MA, Oziolor E, Petersen EJ, Poynton HC, Rice PJ, Rodriguez‐Fuentes G, Samel A, Shaw JR, Steevens JA, Verslycke TA, Vidal‐Dorsch DE, Weir SM, Wilson P, Brooks BW. Toward Sustainable Environmental Quality: Priority Research Questions for North America. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1606-1624. [PMID: 31361364 PMCID: PMC6852658 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Anticipating, identifying, and prioritizing strategic needs represent essential activities by research organizations. Decided benefits emerge when these pursuits engage globally important environment and health goals, including the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. To this end, horizon scanning efforts can facilitate identification of specific research needs to address grand challenges. We report and discuss 40 priority research questions following engagement of scientists and engineers in North America. These timely questions identify the importance of stimulating innovation and developing new methods, tools, and concepts in environmental chemistry and toxicology to improve assessment and management of chemical contaminants and other diverse environmental stressors. Grand challenges to achieving sustainable management of the environment are becoming increasingly complex and structured by global megatrends, which collectively challenge existing sustainable environmental quality efforts. Transdisciplinary, systems-based approaches will be required to define and avoid adverse biological effects across temporal and spatial gradients. Similarly, coordinated research activities among organizations within and among countries are necessary to address the priority research needs reported here. Acquiring answers to these 40 research questions will not be trivial, but doing so promises to advance sustainable environmental quality in the 21st century. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1606-1624. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington ONCanada
| | - Keith R. Solomon
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Guelph, GuelphOntarioCanada
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer N. Apell
- Department of Civil & Environmental EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology, CambridgeMAUSA
| | - Kevin L. Armbrust
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast and EnvironmentLouisiana State University, Baton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Bonnie J. Blalock
- School for the EnvironmentUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sarah R. Bowman
- Michigan Department of Environmental QualityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Linda M. Campbell
- Environmental Science, Saint Mary's University, HalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - George P. Cobb
- Department of Environmental ScienceBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | | | - David A. Dreier
- Center for Environmental & Human ToxicologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Marlene S. Evans
- Aquatic Contaminants Research DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington ONCanada
| | | | | | - Magali Houde
- Aquatic Contaminants Research DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington ONCanada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary Ann Ottinger
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Elias Oziolor
- Department of Environmental ScienceBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- Material Measurement LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Helen C. Poynton
- School for the EnvironmentUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Pamela J. Rice
- US Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceWashington, DC
| | | | | | - Joseph R. Shaw
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Scott M. Weir
- Queen's University of CharlotteCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Bryan W. Brooks
- Procter and GambleCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
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22
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Scott WC, Haddad SP, Saari GN, Chambliss CK, Conkle JL, Matson CW, Brooks BW. Influence of salinity and pH on bioconcentration of ionizable pharmaceuticals by the gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:434-442. [PMID: 31082711 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries routinely receive discharges of contaminants of emerging concern from urban regions. Within these dynamic estuarine systems, salinity and pH can vary across spatial and temporal scales. Our previous research identified bioaccumulation of the calcium channel blocker diltiazem and the antihistamine diphenhydramine in several species of fish residing in multiple urban estuaries along the Gulf of Mexico in Texas, where field-measured observations of diltiazem in fish plasma exceeded human therapeutic plasma doses. However, there remains a limited understanding of pharmaceutical bioaccumulation in estuarine environments. Here, we examined the influence of pH and salinity on bioconcentration of three pharmaceuticals in the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis. F. grandis were exposed to low levels of the ionizable pharmaceuticals carbamazepine, diltiazem, and diphenhydramine at two salinities (5 ppt, 20 ppt) and two pH levels (6.7, 8.3). pH influenced bioconcentration of select weak base pharmaceuticals, while salinity did not, suggesting that intestinal uptake via drinking does not appear to be a major exposure route of these pharmaceuticals in killifish. Compared to our previous pH dependent uptake observations with diphenhydramine in the fathead minnow model, killifish apparent volume of distribution values were markedly lower than fatheads, though killifish bioconcentration factors were similar at high pH and four fold higher at low pH than freshwater fish. Advancing an understanding of environmental gradient influences on pharmacokinetics among fish is necessary to improve bioaccumulation assessments and interpretation of toxicological observations for ionizable contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Casan Scott
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Samuel P Haddad
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Gavin N Saari
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - C Kevin Chambliss
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Jeremy L Conkle
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Cole W Matson
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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23
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Sabater-Liesa L, Montemurro N, Font C, Ginebreda A, González-Trujillo JD, Mingorance N, Pérez S, Barceló D. The response patterns of stream biofilms to urban sewage change with exposure time and dilution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 674:401-411. [PMID: 31005842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Urban wastewater inputs are a relevant pollution source to rivers, contributing a complex mixture of nutrients, organic matter and organic microcontaminants to these systems. Depending on their composition, WWTP effluents might perform either as enhancers (subsidizers) or inhibitors (stressors) of biological activities. In this study, we evaluated in which manner biofilms were affected by treated urban WWTP effluent, and how much they recovered after exposure was terminated. We used indoor artificial streams in a replicated regression design, which were operated for a total period of 56 days. During the first 33 days, artificial streams were fed with increasing concentration of treated effluents starting with non-contaminated water and ending with undiluted effluent. During the recovery phase, the artificial streams were fed with unpolluted water. Sewage effluents contained high concentrations of personal care products, pharmaceuticals, nutrients, and dissolved organic matter. Changes in community structure, biomass, and biofilm function were most pronounced in those biofilms exposed to 58% to 100% of WWTP effluent, moving from linear to quadratic or cubic response patterns. The return to initial conditions did not allow for complete biofilm recovery, but biofilms from the former medium diluted treatments were the most benefited (enhanced response), while those from the undiluted treatments showed higher stress (inhibited response). Our results indicated that the effects caused by WWTP effluent discharge on biofilm structure and function respond to the chemical pressure only in part, and that the biofilm dynamics (changes in community composition, increase in thickness) imprint particular response pathways over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Sabater-Liesa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Font
- ICRA, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Antoni Ginebreda
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | - Sandra Pérez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; ICRA, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain
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24
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Mole RA, Brooks BW. Global scanning of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: occurrence, wastewater treatment and hazards in aquatic systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:1019-1031. [PMID: 31085468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
As the global population becomes more concentrated in urban areas, resource consumption, including access to pharmaceuticals, is increasing and chemical use is also increasingly concentrated. Unfortunately, implementation of waste management systems and wastewater treatment infrastructure is not yet meeting these global megatrends. Herein, pharmaceuticals are indicators of an urbanizing water cycle; antidepressants are among the most commonly studied classes of these contaminants of emerging concern. In the present study, we performed a unique global hazard assessment of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in water matrices across geographic regions and for common wastewater treatment technologies. SSRIs in the environment have primarily been reported from Europe (50%) followed by North America (38%) and Asia-Pacific (10%). Minimal to no monitoring data exists for many developing regions of the world, including Africa and South America. From probabilistic environmental exposure distributions, 5th and 95th percentiles for all SSRIs across all geographic regions were 2.31 and 3022.1 ng/L for influent, 5.3 and 841.6 ng/L for effluent, 0.8 and 127.7 ng/L for freshwater, and 0.5 and 22.3 ng/L for coastal and marine systems, respectively. To estimate the potential hazards of SSRIs in the aquatic environment, percent exceedances of therapeutic hazard values of specific SSRIs, without recommended safety factors, were identified within and among geographic regions. For influent sewage and wastewater effluents, sertraline exceedances were observed 49% and 29% of the time, respectively, demonstrating the need to better understand emerging water quality hazards of SSRIs in urban freshwater and coastal ecosystems. This unique global review and analysis identified regions where more monitoring is necessary, and compounds requiring toxicological attention, particularly with increasing aquatic reports of behavioral perturbations elicited by SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Mole
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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25
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Burket SR, White M, Ramirez AJ, Stanley JK, Banks KE, Waller WT, Chambliss CK, Brooks BW. Corbicula fluminea rapidly accumulate pharmaceuticals from an effluent dependent urban stream. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:873-883. [PMID: 30856403 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater bivalve populations are stressed by watershed development at the global scale. Though pharmaceuticals released from wastewater treatment plant effluent discharges are increasingly reported to bioaccumulate in fish, an understanding of bioaccumulation in bivalves is less defined. In the present study, we examined accumulation of 12 target pharmaceuticals in C. fluminea during a 42 day in situ study in Pecan Creek, an effluent dependent wadeable stream in north central Texas, USA. Caged clams were placed at increasing distances (5 m, 643 m, 1762 m) downstream from a municipal effluent discharge and then subsampled on study days 7, 14, 28 and 42. Acetaminophen, caffeine, carbamazepine, diltiazem, diphenhydramine, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, sertraline, desmethylsertraline, and methylphenidate were identified in C. fluminea whole body tissue homogenates via isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Tissue concentrations ranged from low μg/kg (methylphenidate) to 341 μg/kg (sertraline). By study day 7, rapid and apparent pseudo-steady state accumulation of study compounds was observed in clams; this observation continued throughout the 42 d study. Notably, elevated bioaccumulation factors (L/kg) for sertraline were observed between 3361 and 6845, which highlights the importance of developing predictive bioaccumulation models for ionizable contaminants with bivalves. Future research is also necessary to understand different routes of exposure and elimination kinetics for pharmaceutical accumulation in bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rebekah Burket
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Mendie White
- Institute of Applied Science, University of North Texas, 704 W Mulberry St, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Alejandro J Ramirez
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Jacob K Stanley
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - W Thomas Waller
- Institute of Applied Science, University of North Texas, 704 W Mulberry St, Denton, TX, USA
| | - C Kevin Chambliss
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Brooks BW, Conkle JL. Commentary: Perspectives on aquaculture, urbanization and water quality. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 217:1-4. [PMID: 30496833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture presents essential opportunities to meet global food security needs, but adverse effects of aquaculture practices on ecological integrity and influences of existing waste management infrastructure on product safety must be understood in rapidly expanding urban and peri-urban regions. Concentration of, access to and use of chemical products is increasing in many urban areas faster than interventions are being implemented. Aquaculture farming is employing "non-traditional" (e.g., treated or untreated sewage) waters in some regions, but the spatial extent of these intentional or de facto water reuse practices with associated water quality and food safety systems are poorly understood around the world. Integrative water reuse, aquaculture product safety, ecological and public health research and advanced surveillance systems are needed. Such efforts appear particularly important because noncommunicable diseases are increasing and pollution is now recognized as one of the major global health threats, particularly in lower and middle income countries. Here we provide some modest perspectives and identify several research needs to support more sustainable aquaculture practices while protecting public health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Jeremy L Conkle
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
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27
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Steele WB, Kristofco LA, Corrales J, Saari GN, Haddad SP, Gallagher EP, Kavanagh TJ, Kostal J, Zimmerman JB, Voutchkova-Kostal A, Anastas P, Brooks BW. Comparative behavioral toxicology with two common larval fish models: Exploring relationships among modes of action and locomotor responses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1587-1600. [PMID: 30021323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral responses inform toxicology studies by rapidly and sensitively detecting molecular initiation events that propagate to physiological changes in individuals. These behavioral responses can be unique to chemical specific mechanisms and modes of action (MOA) and thus present diagnostic utility. In an initial effort to explore the use of larval fish behavioral response patterns in screening environmental contaminants for toxicity and to identify behavioral responses associated with common chemical specific MOAs, we employed the two most common fish models, the zebrafish and the fathead minnow, to define toxicant induced swimming activity alterations during interchanging photoperiods. Though the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) is a common model for aquatic toxicology research and regulatory toxicology practice, this model has received little attention in behavioral studies compared to the zebrafish, a common biomedical model. We specifically compared behavioral responses among 7 different chemicals (1-heptanol, phenol, R-(-)-carvone, citalopram, diazinon, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), and xylazine) that were selected and classified based on anticipated MOA (nonpolar narcosis, polar narcosis, electrophile, specific mechanism) according to traditional approaches to examine whether these comparative responses differ among chemicals with various structure-based predicted toxicity. Following standardized experimental guidelines, zebrafish embryos and fathead minnow larvae were exposed for 96 h to each compound then were observed using digital behavioral analysis. Behavioral observations included photomotor responses, distance traveled, and stimulatory, refractory and cruising locomotor activity. Though fathead minnow larvae displayed greater behavioral sensitivity to 1-heptanol, phenol and citalopram, zebrafish were more sensitive to diazinon and R-(-)-carvone. Both fish models were equally sensitive to xylazine and PTZ. Further, the pharmaceuticals citalopram and xylazine significantly affected behavior at therapeutic hazard values, and each of the seven chemicals elicited unique behavioral response profiles. Larval fish behaviors appear useful as early tier diagnostics to identify mechanisms and pathways associated with diverse biological activities for chemicals lacking mechanistic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Baylor Steele
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Lauren A Kristofco
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Jone Corrales
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Gavin N Saari
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Samuel P Haddad
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Jakub Kostal
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Waco, TX, USA.
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Chung SS, Zheng JS, Burket SR, Brooks BW. Select antibiotics in leachate from closed and active landfills exceed thresholds for antibiotic resistance development. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 115:89-96. [PMID: 29550713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Though antibiotic resistance (ABR) represents a major global health threat, contributions of landfill leachate to the life cycle of antibiotics and ABR development are poorly understood in rapidly urbanizing regions of developing countries. We selected one of the largest active landfills in Asia and two landfills that have been closed for 20 years to examine antibiotic occurrences in leachates and associated hazards during wet and dry season sampling events. We focused on some of the most commonly used human antibiotics in Hong Kong, one of the most populous Asian cities and the fourth most densely populated cities in the world. Seven antibiotics (cephalexin [CLX], chloramphenicol [CAP], ciprofloxacin [CIP], erythromycin [ERY], roxithromycin [ROX], trimethoprim [TMP], sulfamethoxazole [SMX]) were quantitated using HPLC-MS/MS generally following previously reported methods. Whereas CLX, CAP, ROX and SMX in leachates did not exceed ABR predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs), exceedances were observed for CIP, ERY and TMP in some study locations and on some dates. In fact, an ABR PNEC for CIP was exceeded in leachates during both sampling periods from all study locations, including leachates that are directly discharged to coastal systems. These findings highlight the importance of developing an advanced understanding of pharmaceutical access, usage and disposal practices, effectiveness of intervention strategies (e.g., leachate treatment technologies, drug take-back schemes), and contributions of landfill leachates to the life cycle of antibiotics and ABR development, particularly in rapidly urbanizing coastal regions with less advanced waste management systems than Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Chung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - J S Zheng
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - S R Burket
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - B W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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