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V P V, Rajamanikandan S, Perumal MK. Morin inhibits the activity of pancreatic lipase and adipogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176705. [PMID: 38830457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health issue that contributes significantly to increased mortality and morbidity worldwide. Obesity is caused by uncontrolled adipogenesis and lipogenesis, leading to several metabolism-associated problems. Pancreatic lipase, an enzyme that breaks down dietary lipids, is a prominent target for obesity. Orlistat, a known inhibitor of pancreatic lipase, is commonly employed for the management of obesity. However, its side effects, such as diarrhoea, nausea and bladder pain, urge to look out for safer alternatives. Morin is a pentahydroxyflavone, exerts a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lipid lowering, anti-diabetic, anti-fibrotic, anti-cancer, etc. This study investigated the effect of morin on pancreatic lipase activity, in vitro and in vivo adipogenesis. Molecular docking and simulation studies showed morin to have a higher binding affinity towards pancreatic lipase compared with orlistat, which also inhibited its activity in vitro. Morin also reduced lipid droplet accretion and downregulated the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes. The acute oral toxicity of morin was determined in C57BL/6 mice, where morin did not show toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg body weight dose. Oral administration of morin to high fat diet fed mice reduced body weight, glucose and insulin levels. Also, the histopathological examination revealed reduction in adipocyte size and decreased mRNA expression of adipogenesis markers in white adipose tissue of morin administered group compared to high fat diet group. Overall, the results suggested morin inhibited pancreatic lipase activity, adipogenesis and further studies are warranted to explore its therapeutic potential for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateish V P
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sundarraj Rajamanikandan
- Centre for Drug Discovery, Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madan Kumar Perumal
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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2
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Niu X, Zhang Y, Lai Z, Huang X, Guo L, Lu F, Yuan Y, Gao J, Chang Q. Lipolysis inhibition improves the survival of fat grafts through ameliorating lipotoxicity and inflammation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23520. [PMID: 38430369 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302090r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Fat grafting is a promising technique for correcting soft tissue abnormalities, but oil cyst formation and graft fibrosis frequently impede the therapeutic benefit of fat grafting. The lipolysis of released oil droplets after grafting may make the inflammation and fibrosis in the grafts worse; therefore, by regulating adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) via Atglistatin (ATG) and Forskolin (FSK), we investigated the impact of lipolysis on fat grafts in this study. After being removed from the mice and chopped into small pieces, the subcutaneous fat from wild-type C57BL/6J mice was placed in three different solutions for two hours: serum-free cell culture medium, culture medium+FSK (50 μM), and culture medium+ATG (100 μM). Following centrifugation to remove water and free oil droplets, 0.3 mL of the fat particles per mouse was subcutaneously injected into the back of mice. Additionally, the subcutaneous fat grafting area was immediately injected with PBS (control group), ATG (30 mg/kg), and FSK (15 mg/kg) following fat transplantation. Detailed cellular events after grafting were investigated by histological staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescent staining, and quantification. Two weeks after grafting, grafts treated with ATG showed lower expression of ATGL and decreased mRNA levels of TNFα and IL-6. In contrast, grafts treated with ATG showed elevated expression levels of IL-4 and IL-13 compared to the control grafts. In addition, fewer apoptotic cells and oil cysts were observed in ATG grafts. Meanwhile, a higher CD206+/CD68+ ratio of macrophages and more CD31+ vascular endothelial cells existed in the 2-month ATG grafts. In comparison to the control, ATG treatment improved the volume retention of grafts, and decreased graft fibrosis and oil cyst formation. By preventing oil droplet lipolysis, pharmacological suppression of ATGL shielded adipocytes from lipotoxicity following grafting. Additionally, ATG ameliorated the apoptosis and inflammation brought on by adipocyte death and oil droplet lipolysis in grafted fat. These all indicate that lipolysis inhibition improved transplanted fat survival and decreased the development of oil cysts and graft fibrosis, offering a potential postoperative pharmacological intervention for bettering fat grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtang Niu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuhao Lai
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Central Hospital Affiliated of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Chang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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3
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Sternak M, Stojak M, Banasik T, Kij A, Bar A, Pacia MZ, Wojnar-Lason K, Chorazy N, Mohaissen T, Marczyk B, Czyzynska-Cichon I, Berkimbayeva Z, Mika A, Chlopicki S. Vascular ATGL-dependent lipolysis and the activation of cPLA 2-PGI 2 pathway protect against postprandial endothelial dysfunction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:125. [PMID: 38467757 PMCID: PMC10927860 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is involved in lipolysis and displays a detrimental pathophysiological role in cardio-metabolic diseases. However, the organo-protective effects of ATGL-induced lipolysis were also suggested. The aim of this work was to characterize the function of lipid droplets (LDs) and ATGL-induced lipolysis in the regulation of endothelial function. ATGL-dependent LDs hydrolysis and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)-derived eicosanoids production were studied in the aorta, endothelial and smooth muscle cells exposed to exogenous oleic acid (OA) or arachidonic acid (AA). Functional effects of ATGL-dependent lipolysis and subsequent activation of cPLA2/PGI2 pathway were also studied in vivo in relation to postprandial endothelial dysfunction.The formation of LDs was invariably associated with elevated production of endogenous AA-derived prostacyclin (PGI2). In the presence of the inhibitor of ATGL or the inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2, the production of eicosanoids was reduced, with a concomitant increase in the number of LDs. OA administration impaired endothelial barrier integrity in vitro that was further impaired if OA was given together with ATGL inhibitor. Importantly, in vivo, olive oil induced postprandial endothelial dysfunction that was significantly deteriorated by ATGL inhibition, cPLA2 inhibition or by prostacyclin (IP) receptor blockade.In summary, vascular LDs formation induced by exogenous AA or OA was associated with ATGL- and cPLA2-dependent PGI2 production from endogenous AA. The inhibition of ATGL resulted in an impairment of endothelial barrier function in vitro. The inhibition of ATGL-cPLA2-PGI2 dependent pathway resulted in the deterioration of endothelial function upon exposure to olive oil in vivo. In conclusion, vascular ATGL-cPLA2-PGI2 dependent pathway activated by lipid overload and linked to LDs formation in endothelium and smooth muscle cells has a vasoprotective role by counterbalancing detrimental effects of lipid overload on endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sternak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland.
| | - M Stojak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Banasik
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Z Pacia
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Wojnar-Lason
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
- Medical College, Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, Grzegorzecka 16, Krakow, Poland
| | - N Chorazy
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Mohaissen
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - B Marczyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - I Czyzynska-Cichon
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - Z Berkimbayeva
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, Gdansk, Poland
| | - S Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland.
- Medical College, Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, Grzegorzecka 16, Krakow, Poland.
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Zhou C, Yan L, Xu J, Hamezah HS, Wang T, Du F, Tong X, Han R. Phillyrin: an adipose triglyceride lipase inhibitor supported by molecular docking, dynamics simulation, and pharmacological validation. J Mol Model 2024; 30:68. [PMID: 38347278 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), a key enzyme responsible for lipolysis, catalyzes the first step of lipolysis and converts triglycerides to diacylglycerols and free fatty acids (FFA). Our previous work suggested that phillyrin treatment improves insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice, which was associated with ATGL inhibition. In this study, using docking simulation, we explored the binding pose of phillyrin and atglistatin (a mouse ATGL inhibitor) to ATGL in mouse. From the docking results, the interactions with Ser47 and Asp166 were speculated to have caused phillyrin to inhibit ATGL in mice. Further, molecular dynamics simulation of 100 ns and MM-GBSA were conducted for the protein-ligand complex, which indicated that the system was stable and that phillyrin displayed a better affinity to ATGL than did atglistatin throughout the simulation period. Moreover, the results of pharmacological validation were consistent with those of the in silico simulations. In summary, our study illustrates the potential of molecular docking to accurately predict the binding protein produced by AlphaFold and suggests that phillyrin is a potential small molecule that targets and inhibits ATGL enzymatic activity. METHODS The ATGL-predicted protein structure, verified by PROCHECK, was determined using AlphaFold. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and prime molecular mechanic-generalized born surface area were performed using LigPrep, Desmond, and prime MM-GBSA modules of Schrödinger software release 2021-2, respectively. For pharmacological validation, immunoblotting was performed to assess ATGL protein expression. The fluorescence intensity and glycerol concentration were quantified to evaluate the efficiency of phillyrin in inhibiting ATGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Lanmeng Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, China
| | | | - Tongsheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Fangping Du
- Jinzhai County Jinshanzhai Edible and Pharmaceutical Fungi Plantation Co. Ltd., Lu'an, 237300, Jinzhai, China
| | - Xiaohui Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Functional Activity and Resource Utilization on Edible and Medicinal Fungi Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, Lu'an, 237300, China.
| | - Rongchun Han
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Joint Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine of Anhui of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, China.
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5
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Cho CH, Patel S, Rajbhandari P. Adipose tissue lipid metabolism: lipolysis. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 83:102114. [PMID: 37738733 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue stores fatty acid (FA) as triglyceride in the lipid droplet organelle of highly specialized cells known as fat cells or adipocytes. Depending on the nutritional state and energy demand, hormonal and biochemical signals converge on activating an elegant and fundamental process known as lipolysis, which involves triglyceride hydrolysis to FAs. Almost six decades of work have vastly expanded our knowledge of lipolysis from enzymatic processes to complex protein assembly, disassembly, and post-translational modification. Research in recent decades ushered in the discovery of new lipolytic enzymes and coregulators and the characterization of numerous factors and signaling pathways that regulate lipid hydrolysis on transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. This review will discuss recent developments with particular emphasis on the past two years in enzymatic lipolytic pathways and transcriptional regulation of lipolysis. We will summarize the positive and negative regulators of lipolysis, the adipose tissue microenvironment in lipolysis, and the systemic effects of lipolysis. The dynamic nature of adipocyte lipolysis is emerging as an essential regulator of metabolism and energy balance, and we will discuss recent developments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Hwan Cho
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanil Patel
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prashant Rajbhandari
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place New York, NY 10029 USA.
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6
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Han X, Zhang YL, Lin QY, Li HH, Guo SB. ATGL deficiency aggravates pressure overload-triggered myocardial hypertrophic remodeling associated with the proteasome-PTEN-mTOR-autophagy pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2113-2131. [PMID: 35218467 PMCID: PMC10547847 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Persistent myocardial hypertrophy frequently leads to heart failure (HF). Intramyocardial triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation is closely related with cardiac remodeling and abnormal contractile function. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), a key enzyme in TAG metabolism, regulates cardiac function. However, its associated molecular pathways have not been fully defined. Here, cardiac hypertrophy and HF were induced in wild-type (WT) or ATGL knockout (KO) mice through transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for up to 4 weeks. TAC in WT mice significantly reduced cardiac function and autophagy while enhancing left ventricular hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, inflammatory response, superoxide generation, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, accompanied with upregulation of the proteasome activity, reduction of PTEN level and activation of AKT-mTOR signaling, and these effects were further aggravated in ATGL KO mice. Interestingly, ATGL KO-mediated cardiac dysfunction and remodeling were markedly reversed by proteasome inhibitor (epoxomicin) or autophagic activator (rapamycin), but accelerated by PTEN inhibitor (VO-OHpic) or autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. Mechanistically, ATGL KO upregulated proteasome expression and activity, which in turn mediates PTEN degradation leading to activation of AKT-mTOR signaling and inhibition of autophagy, thereby enhancing hypertrophic remodeling and HF. In conclusion, ATGL KO contributes to TAC-induced cardiac dysfunction and adverse remodeling probably associated with the proteasome-PTEN-mTOR-autophagy pathway. Therefore, modulation of this pathway may have a therapeutic effect potential for hypertrophic heart disease. TAC-induced downregulation of ATGL results in increased proteasome (β1i/β2i/β5i) activity, which in turn promotes degradation of PTEN and activation of AKT-mTOR signaling and then inhibits autophagy and ATP production, thereby leading to cardiac hypertrophic remodeling and dysfunction. Conversely, blocking proteasome activity or activating autophagy attenuates these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yun-Long Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Shu-Bin Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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7
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Da Dalt L, Cabodevilla AG, Goldberg IJ, Norata GD. Cardiac lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1905-1914. [PMID: 37392421 PMCID: PMC10681665 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A fine balance between uptake, storage, and the use of high energy fuels, like lipids, is crucial in the homeostasis of different metabolic tissues. Nowhere is this balance more important and more precarious than in the heart. This highly energy-demanding muscle normally oxidizes almost all the available substrates to generate energy, with fatty acids being the preferred source under physiological conditions. In patients with cardiomyopathies and heart failure, changes in the main energetic substrate are observed; these hearts often prefer to utilize glucose rather than oxidizing fatty acids. An imbalance between uptake and oxidation of fatty acid can result in cellular lipid accumulation and cytotoxicity. In this review, we will focus on the sources and uptake pathways used to direct fatty acids to cardiomyocytes. We will then discuss the intracellular machinery used to either store or oxidize these lipids and explain how disruptions in homeostasis can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and heart failure. Moreover, we will also discuss the role of cholesterol accumulation in cardiomyocytes. Our discussion will attempt to weave in vitro experiments and in vivo data from mice and humans and use several human diseases to illustrate metabolism gone haywire as a cause of or accomplice to cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Da Dalt
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, Milan, Italy
| | - Ainara G Cabodevilla
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 1st Ave., New York, NY, USA
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 1st Ave., New York, NY, USA
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, Milan, Italy
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Via Massimo Gorki 50, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
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8
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Linden MA, Burke SJ, Pirzadah HA, Huang TY, Batdorf HM, Mohammed WK, Jones KA, Ghosh S, Campagna SR, Collier JJ, Noland RC. Pharmacological inhibition of lipolysis prevents adverse metabolic outcomes during glucocorticoid administration. Mol Metab 2023; 74:101751. [PMID: 37295745 PMCID: PMC10300254 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucocorticoids are one of the most commonly prescribed classes of anti-inflammatory drugs; however, chronic treatment promotes iatrogenic (drug-induced) diabetes. As part of their physiological role, glucocorticoids stimulate lipolysis to spare glucose. We hypothesized that persistent stimulation of lipolysis during glucocorticoid therapy plays a causative role in the development of iatrogenic diabetes. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were given 100 μg/mL corticosterone (Cort) in the drinking water for two weeks and were fed either normal chow (TekLad 8640) or the same diet supplemented with an adipose triglyceride lipase inhibitor (Atglistatin - 2 g/kg diet) to inhibit the first step of lipolysis. RESULTS Herein, we report for the first time that glucocorticoid administration promotes a unique state of substrate excess and energetic overload in skeletal muscle that primarily results from the rampant mobilization of endogenous fuels. Inhibiting lipolysis protected mice from Cort-induced gains in fat mass, excess ectopic lipid accrual, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia. The role lipolysis plays in Cort-mediated pathology appears to differ between tissues. Within skeletal muscle, Cort-induced lipolysis facilitated diversion of glucose-derived carbons toward the pentose phosphate and hexosamine biosynthesis pathways but contributed to <3% of the Cort-induced genomic adaptations. In contrast, Cort stimulation of lipolysis accounted for ∼35% of the genomic changes in the liver but had minimal impact on hepatic metabolites reported. CONCLUSIONS These data support the idea that activation of lipolysis plays a causal role in the progression toward iatrogenic diabetes during glucocorticoid therapy with differential impact on skeletal muscle and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Linden
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA; Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
| | - Susan J Burke
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
| | - Humza A Pirzadah
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
| | - Tai-Yu Huang
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
| | - Heidi M Batdorf
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
| | - Walid K Mohammed
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
| | - Katarina A Jones
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37916, USA.
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA; Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Center for Computational Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Shawn R Campagna
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37916, USA.
| | - J Jason Collier
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
| | - Robert C Noland
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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Deficiency of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Induces Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiomyopathy in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010117. [PMID: 36613558 PMCID: PMC9820674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism dysfunction is related to clinical disorders including obesity, cancer, liver steatosis, and cardiomyopathy. Impaired lipolytic enzymes result in altered release of free fatty acids. The dramatic change in dyslipidemia is important in lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) catalyzes the lipolysis of triacylglycerol to reduce intramyocardial triglyceride levels in the heart and improve myocardial function. We examined the role of ATGL in metabolic cardiomyopathy by developing an Atgl knockout (ALKO) zebrafish model of metabolic cardiomyopathy disease by continuously expressing CRISPR/Cas9 protein and atgl gene guide RNAs (gRNAs). The expressed Cas9 protein bound to four gRNAs targeting the atgl gene locus, facilitating systemic gene KO. Ablation of Atgl interfered with lipid metabolism, which induced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. ALKO adults and embryos displayed hypertrophic hearts. ALKO presented a typical dilated cardiomyopathy profile with a remarkable reduction in four sarcomere genes (myosin heavy chain 7-like, actin alpha cardiac muscle 1b, myosin binding protein C3, and troponin T type 2a) and two Ca2+ handling regulator genes (tropomyosin 4b and ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2b). Immune cell infiltration in cardiac tissue of ALKO provided direct evidence of advanced metabolic cardiomyopathy. The presently described model could become a powerful tool to clarify the underlying mechanism between metabolic disorders and cardiomyopathies.
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10
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Ding JF, Zhou Y, Xu SS, Shi KH, Sun H, Tu B, Song K, Xuan HY, Sha JM, Zhao JY, Tao H. Epigenetic control of LncRNA NEAT1 enables cardiac fibroblast pyroptosis and cardiac fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175398. [PMID: 36455647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) drive extracellular matrix remodeling after inflammatory injury, leading to cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction. Recent studies described the role of epigenetics in cardiac fibrosis. Nevertheless, detailed reports on epigenetics regulating CFs pyroptosis and describing their implication in cardiac fibrosis are still unclear. Here, we found that DNMT3A reduces the expression of lncRNA Neat1 and promotes the NLRP3 axis leading to CFs pyroptosis, using cultured cells, animal models, and clinical samples to shed light on the underlying mechanism. We report that pyroptosis-related genes are increased explicitly in cardiac fibrosis tissue and LPS-treated CFs, while lncRNA Neat1 decreased. Mechanistically, we show that loss of DNMT3A or overexpression of lncRNA Neat1 in CFs after LPS treatment significantly enhances CFs pyroptosis and the production of pyroptosis-related markers in vitro. It has been demonstrated that DNMT3A can decrease lncRNA Neat1, promoting NLRP3 axis activation in CFs treated with LPS. In sum, this study is the first to identify that DNMT3A methylation decreases the expression of lncRNA Neat1 and promotes CFs pyroptosis and cardiac fibrosis, suggesting that DNMT3A and NEAT1 may function as an anti-fibrotic therapy target in cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Fei Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Sheng-Song Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Kai-Hu Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.
| | - He Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Bin Tu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hai-Yang Xuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, PR China
| | - Ji-Ming Sha
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China; Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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11
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Wang L, Zabri H, Gorressen S, Semmler D, Hundhausen C, Fischer JW, Bottermann K. Cardiac ischemia modulates white adipose tissue in a depot-specific manner. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1036945. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1036945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI) remains high and the underlying causes are incompletely understood. The crosstalk between heart and adipose tissue and stimulated lipolysis has been identified as potential driver of heart failure. Lipolysis is also activated acutely in response to MI. However, the role in the post-ischemic remodeling process and the contribution of different depots of adipose tissue is unclear. Here, we employ a mouse model of 60 min cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) to monitor morphology, cellular infiltrates and gene expression of visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue depots (VAT and SAT) for up to 28 days post ischemia. We found that in SAT but not VAT, adipocyte size gradually decreased over the course of reperfusion and that these changes were associated with upregulation of UCP1 protein, indicating white adipocyte conversion to the so-called ‘brown-in-white’ phenotype. While this phenomenon is generally associated with beneficial metabolic consequences, its role in the context of MI is unknown. We further measured decreased lipogenesis in SAT together with enhanced infiltration of MAC-2+ macrophages. Finally, quantitative PCR analysis revealed transient downregulation of the adipokines adiponectin, leptin and resistin in SAT. While adiponectin and leptin have been shown to be cardioprotective, the role of resistin after MI needs further investigation. Importantly, all significant changes were identified in SAT, while VAT was largely unaffected by MI. We conclude that targeted interference with lipolysis in SAT may be a promising approach to promote cardiac healing after ischemia.
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12
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Lee S, Benvie AM, Park HG, Spektor R, Harlan B, Brenna JT, Berry DC, Soloway PD. Remodeling of gene regulatory networks underlying thermogenic stimuli-induced adipose beiging. Commun Biol 2022; 5:584. [PMID: 35701601 PMCID: PMC9197980 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocytes are induced by cold temperatures or β3-adrenergic receptor (Adrb3) agonists. They create heat through glucose and fatty acid (FA) oxidation, conferring metabolic benefits. The distinct and shared mechanisms by which these treatments induce beiging are unknown. Here, we perform single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (snATAC-seq) on adipose tissue from mice exposed to cold or an Adrb3 agonist to identify cellular and chromatin accessibility dynamics during beiging. Both stimuli induce chromatin remodeling that influence vascularization and inflammation in adipose. Beige adipocytes from cold-exposed mice have increased accessibility at genes regulating glycolytic processes, whereas Adrb3 activation increases cAMP responses. While both thermogenic stimuli increase accessibility at genes regulating thermogenesis, lipogenesis, and beige adipocyte development, the kinetics and magnitudes of the changes are distinct for the stimuli. Accessibility changes at lipogenic genes are linked to functional changes in lipid composition of adipose. Both stimuli tend to decrease the proportion of palmitic acids, a saturated FA in adipose. However, Adrb3 activation increases the proportion of monounsaturated FAs, whereas cold increases the proportion of polyunsaturated FAs. These findings reveal common and distinct mechanisms of cold and Adrb3 induced beige adipocyte biogenesis, and identify unique functional consequences of manipulating these pathways in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyeon Lee
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abigail M Benvie
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hui Gyu Park
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Chemistry, Pediatrics, and Nutrition, Dell Medical School and the College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Roman Spektor
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
| | - Blaine Harlan
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Chemistry, Pediatrics, and Nutrition, Dell Medical School and the College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Daniel C Berry
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul D Soloway
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Huang L, Chen Z, Chen R, Lin L, Ren L, Zhang M, Liu L. Increased fatty acid metabolism attenuates cardiac resistance to β-adrenoceptor activation via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: A potential mechanism of hypoglycemia-induced myocardial injury in diabetes. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102320. [PMID: 35462320 PMCID: PMC9046456 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of severe hypoglycemia (SH)-induced cardiovascular disease in diabetes remains unknown. Our previous study found that SH inhibits cardiac function and lipid metabolism in diabetic mice. Conversely, in nondiabetic mice, SH does not induce cardiac dysfunction but promotes cardiac lipid metabolism. This study aims to clarify the effect of increased fatty acid metabolism on the resistance of cardiomyocytes to β-adrenoceptor activation during hypoglycemia in diabetes. Results revealed that cardiomyocytes with enhanced lipid metabolism were more vulnerable to damage due to β-adrenoceptor activation, which presented as decreased cell viability, disorder of mitochondrial structure, dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, dysfunction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, nonapoptotic damage, and accumulation of ROS and calcium from mitochondria to cytoplasm, all of which were partially reversed by mitochondrial antioxidant Mito-TEMPO. The SH-induced cardiac dysfunction, and reduction of myocardial energy metabolism in diabetic mice were rescued by Mito-TEMPO. Our findings indicate that high fatty acid metabolism crippled cardiac resistance to β-adrenoceptor hyperactivation, with mitochondrial ROS playing a pivotal role in this process. Reducing mitochondrial ROS in diabetes could disrupt this synergistic effect and prevent poor cardiac outcomes caused by SH. Fatty acid metabolism lowers cardiac resistance to β-adrenoceptor activation via mtROS. Pretreatment with mitochondrial antioxidants prevents SH-induced cardiac outcomes. This synergistic effect might explicate the progression of other CV diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruiyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingjia Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meilian Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Province Hospital for Women and Children, Fuzhou, China
| | - Libin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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14
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Lohr D, Thiele A, Stahnke M, Braun V, Smeir E, Spranger J, Brachs S, Klopfleisch R, Foryst-Ludwig A, Schreiber LM, Kintscher U, Beyhoff N. Assessment of Myocardial Microstructure in a Murine Model of Obesity-Related Cardiac Dysfunction by Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7T. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:839714. [PMID: 35449873 PMCID: PMC9016133 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.839714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundObesity exerts multiple deleterious effects on the heart that may ultimately lead to cardiac failure. This study sought to characterize myocardial microstructure and function in an experimental model of obesity-related cardiac dysfunction.MethodsMale C57BL/6N mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD; 60 kcal% fat, n = 12) or standard control diet (9 kcal% fat, n = 10) for 15 weeks. At the end of the study period, cardiac function was assessed by ultra-high frequency echocardiography, and hearts were processed for further analyses. The three-dimensional myocardial microstructure was examined ex vivo at a spatial resolution of 100 × 100 × 100 μm3 by diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) at 7T. Myocardial deformation, diffusion metrics and fiber tract geometry were analyzed with respect to the different myocardial layers (subendocardium/subepicardium) and segments (base/mid-cavity/apex). Results were correlated with blood sample analyses, histopathology, and gene expression data.ResultsHFD feeding induced significantly increased body weight combined with a pronounced accumulation of visceral fat (body weight 42.3 ± 5.7 vs. 31.5 ± 2.2 g, body weight change 73.7 ± 14.8 vs. 31.1 ± 6.6%, both P < 0.001). Obese mice showed signs of diastolic dysfunction, whereas left-ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening remained unchanged (E/e’ 41.6 ± 16.6 vs. 24.8 ± 6.0, P < 0.01; isovolumic relaxation time 19 ± 4 vs. 14 ± 4 ms, P < 0.05). Additionally, global longitudinal strain was reduced in the HFD group (−15.1 ± 3.0 vs. −20.0 ± 4.6%, P = 0.01), which was mainly driven by an impairment in basal segments. However, histopathology and gene expression analyses revealed no myocardial fibrosis or differences in cardiomyocyte morphology. Mean diffusivity and eigenvalues of the diffusion tensor were lower in the basal subepicardium of obese mice as assessed by DT-MRI (P < 0.05). The three-dimensional fiber tract arrangement of the left ventricle (LV) remained preserved.ConclusionFifteen weeks of high-fat diet induced alterations in myocardial diffusion properties in mice, whereas no remodeling of the three-dimensional myofiber arrangement of the LV was observed. Obese mice showed reduced longitudinal strain and lower mean diffusivity predominantly in the left-ventricular base, and further investigation into the significance of this regional pattern is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lohr
- Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Arne Thiele
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Stahnke
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Braun
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elia Smeir
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Foryst-Ludwig
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura M. Schreiber
- Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kintscher
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyhoff
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Niklas Beyhoff,
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15
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Grabner GF, Guttenberger N, Mayer N, Migglautsch-Sulzer AK, Lembacher-Fadum C, Fawzy N, Bulfon D, Hofer P, Züllig T, Hartig L, Kulminskaya N, Chalhoub G, Schratter M, Radner FPW, Preiss-Landl K, Masser S, Lass A, Zechner R, Gruber K, Oberer M, Breinbauer R, Zimmermann R. Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Lipolysis in Human Adipocytes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6237-6250. [PMID: 35362954 PMCID: PMC9011347 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Chronically elevated
circulating fatty acid levels promote lipid
accumulation in nonadipose tissues and cause lipotoxicity. Adipose
triglyceride lipase (ATGL) critically determines the release of fatty
acids from white adipose tissue, and accumulating evidence suggests
that inactivation of ATGL has beneficial effects on lipotoxicity-driven
disorders including insulin resistance, steatohepatitis, and heart
disease, classifying ATGL as a promising drug target. Here, we report
on the development and biological characterization of the first small-molecule
inhibitor of human ATGL. This inhibitor, designated NG-497, selectively
inactivates human and nonhuman primate ATGL but not structurally and
functionally related lipid hydrolases. We demonstrate that NG-497
abolishes lipolysis in human adipocytes in a dose-dependent and reversible
manner. The combined analysis of mouse- and human-selective inhibitors,
chimeric ATGL proteins, and homology models revealed detailed insights
into enzyme–inhibitor interactions. NG-497 binds ATGL within
a hydrophobic cavity near the active site. Therein, three amino acid
residues determine inhibitor efficacy and species selectivity and
thus provide the molecular scaffold for selective inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Guttenberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Mayer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Nermeen Fawzy
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Bulfon
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Züllig
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lennart Hartig
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Natalia Kulminskaya
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriel Chalhoub
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Margarita Schratter
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Franz P W Radner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karina Preiss-Landl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah Masser
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
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16
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Liu X, Liu L, Zhao J, Wang H, Li Y. Mechanotransduction regulates inflammation responses of epicardial adipocytes in cardiovascular diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1080383. [PMID: 36589802 PMCID: PMC9800500 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1080383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a crucial regulator in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis by secreting various bioactive products to mediate the physiological function of the cardiovascular system. Accumulating evidence shows that adipose tissue disorders contribute to several kinds of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, the adipose tissue would present various biological effects depending on its tissue localization and metabolic statuses, deciding the individual cardiometabolic risk. Crosstalk between adipose and myocardial tissue is involved in the pathophysiological process of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), cardiac fibrosis, heart failure, and myocardial infarction/atherosclerosis. The abnormal distribution of adipose tissue in the heart might yield direct and/or indirect effects on cardiac function. Moreover, mechanical transduction is critical for adipocytes in differentiation, proliferation, functional maturity, and homeostasis maintenance. Therefore, understanding the features of mechanotransduction pathways in the cellular ontogeny of adipose tissue is vital for underlining the development of adipocytes involved in cardiovascular disorders, which would preliminarily contribute positive implications on a novel therapeutic invention for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we aim to clarify the role of mechanical stress in cardiac adipocyte homeostasis and its interplay with maintaining cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
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17
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Betz IR, Qaiyumi SJ, Goeritzer M, Thiele A, Brix S, Beyhoff N, Grune J, Klopfleisch R, Greulich F, Uhlenhaut NH, Kintscher U, Foryst-Ludwig A. Cardioprotective Effects of Palmitoleic Acid (C16:1n7) in a Mouse Model of Catecholamine-Induced Cardiac Damage Are Mediated by PPAR Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312695. [PMID: 34884498 PMCID: PMC8657733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7) has been identified as a regulator of physiological cardiac hypertrophy. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the molecular pathways involved in C16:1n7 responses in primary murine cardiomyocytes (PCM) and a mouse model of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac damage. PCMs were stimulated with C16:1n7 or a vehicle. Afterwards, RNA sequencing was performed using an Illumina HiSeq sequencer. Confirmatory analysis was performed in PCMs and HL-1 cardiomyocytes. For an in vivo study, 129 sv mice were orally treated with a vehicle or C16:1n7 for 22 days. After 5 days of pre-treatment, the mice were injected with ISO (25 mg/kg/d s. c.) for 4 consecutive days. Cardiac phenotyping was performed using echocardiography. In total, 129 genes were differentially expressed in PCMs stimulated with C16:1n7, including Angiopoietin-like factor 4 (Angptl4) and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 (Pdk4). Both Angptl4 and Pdk4 are proxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/δ (PPARα/δ) target genes. Our in vivo results indicated cardioprotective and anti-fibrotic effects of C16:1n7 application in mice. This was associated with the C16:1n7-dependent regulation of the cardiac PPAR-specific signaling pathways. In conclusion, our experiments demonstrated that C16:1n7 might have protective effects on cardiac fibrosis and inflammation. Our study may help to develop future lipid-based therapies for catecholamine-induced cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Rosa Betz
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (I.R.B.); (S.J.Q.); (M.G.); (A.T.); (S.B.); (N.B.); (J.G.); (U.K.)
- Berlin Institute of Health, Emergency Department Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Julia Qaiyumi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (I.R.B.); (S.J.Q.); (M.G.); (A.T.); (S.B.); (N.B.); (J.G.); (U.K.)
| | - Madeleine Goeritzer
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (I.R.B.); (S.J.Q.); (M.G.); (A.T.); (S.B.); (N.B.); (J.G.); (U.K.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Thiele
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (I.R.B.); (S.J.Q.); (M.G.); (A.T.); (S.B.); (N.B.); (J.G.); (U.K.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Brix
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (I.R.B.); (S.J.Q.); (M.G.); (A.T.); (S.B.); (N.B.); (J.G.); (U.K.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyhoff
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (I.R.B.); (S.J.Q.); (M.G.); (A.T.); (S.B.); (N.B.); (J.G.); (U.K.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Grune
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (I.R.B.); (S.J.Q.); (M.G.); (A.T.); (S.B.); (N.B.); (J.G.); (U.K.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Franziska Greulich
- German Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), 85764 Munich, Germany; (F.G.); (N.H.U.)
- Metabolic Programming, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Henriette Uhlenhaut
- German Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), 85764 Munich, Germany; (F.G.); (N.H.U.)
- Metabolic Programming, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kintscher
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (I.R.B.); (S.J.Q.); (M.G.); (A.T.); (S.B.); (N.B.); (J.G.); (U.K.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Foryst-Ludwig
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (I.R.B.); (S.J.Q.); (M.G.); (A.T.); (S.B.); (N.B.); (J.G.); (U.K.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Grabner GF, Xie H, Schweiger M, Zechner R. Lipolysis: cellular mechanisms for lipid mobilization from fat stores. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1445-1465. [PMID: 34799702 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The perception that intracellular lipolysis is a straightforward process that releases fatty acids from fat stores in adipose tissue to generate energy has experienced major revisions over the last two decades. The discovery of new lipolytic enzymes and coregulators, the demonstration that lipophagy and lysosomal lipolysis contribute to the degradation of cellular lipid stores and the characterization of numerous factors and signalling pathways that regulate lipid hydrolysis on transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels have revolutionized our understanding of lipolysis. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that facilitate intracellular fatty-acid mobilization, drawing on canonical and noncanonical enzymatic pathways. We summarize how intracellular lipolysis affects lipid-mediated signalling, metabolic regulation and energy homeostasis in multiple organs. Finally, we examine how these processes affect pathogenesis and how lipolysis may be targeted to potentially prevent or treat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hao Xie
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Smeir E, Kintscher U, Foryst-Ludwig A. Adipose tissue-heart crosstalk as a novel target for treatment of cardiometabolic diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 60:249-254. [PMID: 34482212 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disorders, such as diabetes, obesity, or metabolic syndrome, are often considered as key comorbidities, leading to the development of different forms of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure or diabetic cardiomyopathy. Although the causal relationship between the pathophysiological status of white adipose tissue (WAT) and cardiac lipotoxicity is still elusive, elevated lipolytic rate in WAT has been demonstrated to participate in the overall augmentation of plasma lipid levels, as observed in most of the patients suffering from heart failure. In the present overview, we discuss current therapeutic approaches, as well as new treatment options targeting lipolysis and cardiac lipid metabolism in different forms of heart failure and diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Smeir
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10115, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kintscher
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10115, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Foryst-Ludwig
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10115, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany.
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20
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Fernández-Ruiz I. Targeting the adipose tissue to protect the heart. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:613. [PMID: 34131317 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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