1
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Lee W, Lin SL, Chiang CS, Chen JY, Chieng WW, Huang SR, Chang TY, Linju Yen B, Hung MC, Chang KC, Lee HT, Jeng LB, Shyu WC. Role of HIF-1α-Activated IL-22/IL-22R1/Bmi1 Signaling Modulates the Self-Renewal of Cardiac Stem Cells in Acute Myocardial Ischemia. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10774-8. [PMID: 39264501 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Impaired tissue regeneration negatively impacts on left ventricular (LV) function and remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Little is known about the intrinsic regulatory machinery of ischemia-induced endogenous cardiac stem cells (eCSCs) self-renewing divisions after AMI. The interleukin 22 (IL-22)/IL-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1) pathway has emerged as an important regulator of several cellular processes, including the self-renewal and proliferation of stem cells. However, whether the hypoxic environment could trigger the self-renewal of eCSCs via IL-22/IL-22R1 activation remains unknown. In this study, the upregulation of IL-22R1 occurred due to activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) under hypoxic and ischemic conditions. Systemic IL-22 administration not only attenuated cardiac remodeling, inflammatory responses, but also promoted eCSC-mediated cardiac repair after AMI. Unbiased RNA microarray analysis showed that the downstream mediator Bmi1 regulated the activation of CSCs. Therefore, the HIF-1α-induced IL-22/IL-22R1/Bmi1 cascade can modulate the proliferation and activation of eCSCs in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, investigating the HIF-1α-activated IL-22/IL-22R1/Bmi1 signaling pathway might offer a new therapeutic strategy for AMI via eCSC-induced cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lee
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital (CMUH), Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Syuan-Ling Lin
- Translational Medicine Research Center, CMUH, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chiang
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital (CMUH), Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center and New Drug Development Center, CMU, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yu Chen
- Translational Medicine Research Center, CMUH, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Wee-Wei Chieng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, CMUH, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Rou Huang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, CMUH, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chang
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital (CMUH), Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, 350, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research Centers for Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, CMU, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Cheng Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, CMUH, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, CMU, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Tung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital (CMUH), Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Organ Transplantation Center, CMUH, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, CMUH, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center and New Drug Development Center, CMU, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, CMUH, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, No. 2, Yude Rd., North Dist, Taichung City, 404332, Taiwan.
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2
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Bahmanpour A, Ghoreishian SM, Sepahvandi A. Electromagnetic Modulation of Cell Behavior: Unraveling the Positive Impacts in a Comprehensive Review. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1941-1954. [PMID: 38652384 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
There are numerous effective procedures for cell signaling, in which humans directly transmit detectable signals to cells to govern their essential behaviors. From a biomedical perspective, the cellular response to the combined influence of electrical and magnetic fields holds significant promise in various domains, such as cancer treatment, targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, and wound healing. Among these modern cell signaling methods, electromagnetic fields (EMFs) play a pivotal role; however, there remains a paucity of knowledge concerning the effects of EMFs across all wavelengths. It's worth noting that most wavelengths are incompatible with human cells, and as such, this study excludes them from consideration. In this review, we aim to comprehensively explore the most effective and current EMFs, along with their therapeutic impacts on various cell types. Specifically, we delve into the influence of alternating electromagnetic fields (AEMFs) on diverse cell behaviors, encompassing proliferation, differentiation, biomineralization, cell death, and cell migration. Our findings underscore the substantial potential of these pivotal cellular behaviors in advancing the treatment of numerous diseases. Moreover, AEMFs wield a significant role in the realms of biomaterials and tissue engineering, given their capacity to decisively influence biomaterials, facilitate non-invasive procedures, ensure biocompatibility, and exhibit substantial efficacy. It is worth mentioning that AEMFs often serve as a last-resort treatment option for various diseases. Much about electromagnetic fields remains a mystery to the scientific community, and we have yet to unravel the precise mechanisms through which wavelengths control cellular fate. Consequently, our understanding and knowledge in this domain predominantly stem from repeated experiments yielding similar effects. In the ensuing sections of this article, we delve deeper into our extended experiments and research.
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3
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Deszcz I. Stem Cell-Based Therapy and Cell-Free Therapy as an Alternative Approach for Cardiac Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:2729377. [PMID: 37954462 PMCID: PMC10635745 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2729377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization reports that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent 32% of all global deaths. The ineffectiveness of conventional therapies in CVDs encourages the development of novel, minimally invasive therapeutic strategies for the healing and regeneration of damaged tissue. The self-renewal capacity, multilineage differentiation, lack of immunogenicity, and immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them a promising option for CVDs. However, growing evidence suggests that myocardial regeneration occurs through paracrine factors and extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion, rather than through differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Research shows that stem cells secrete or surface-shed into their culture media various cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, anti-inflammatory factors, and EVs, which constitute an MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) or the secretome. The use of MSC-CM enhances cardiac repair through resident heart cell differentiation, proliferation, scar mass reduction, a decrease in infarct wall thickness, and cardiac function improvement comparable to MSCs without their side effects. This review highlights the limitations and benefits of therapies based on stem cells and their secretome as an innovative treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Deszcz
- Department of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
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4
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Afjeh-Dana E, Naserzadeh P, Moradi E, Hosseini N, Seifalian AM, Ashtari B. Stem Cell Differentiation into Cardiomyocytes: Current Methods and Emerging Approaches. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2566-2592. [PMID: 35508757 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are globally known to be important causes of mortality and disabilities. Common treatment strategies for CVDs, such as pharmacological therapeutics impose serious challenges due to the failure of treatments for myocardial necrosis. By contrast, stem cells (SCs) based therapies are seen to be promising approaches to CVDs treatment. In such approaches, cardiomyocytes are differentiated from SCs. To fulfill SCs complete potential, the method should be appointed to generate cardiomyocytes with more mature structure and well-functioning operations. For heart repairing applications, a greatly scalable and medical-grade cardiomyocyte generation must be used. Nonetheless, there are some challenges such as immune rejection, arrhythmogenesis, tumorigenesis, and graft cell death potential. Herein, we discuss the types of potential SCs, and commonly used methods including embryoid bodies related techniques, co-culture, mechanical stimulation, and electrical stimulation and their applications, advantages and limitations in this field. An estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2019, representing 32 % of all global deaths. Of these deaths, 85 % were due to heart attack and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Afjeh-Dana
- Radiation Biology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Naserzadeh
- Radiation Biology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Moradi
- Radiation Biology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Hosseini
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alexander Marcus Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialisation Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Behnaz Ashtari
- Radiation Biology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Effects of Magnetic Stimulation on Dental Implant Osseointegration: A Scoping Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This PRISMA-ScR driven scoping review aims to evaluate the influence of magnetic field stimulation on dental implant osseointegration. Seven databases were screened adopting ad-hoc strings. All clinical and preclinical studies analyzing the effects of magnetic fields on dental implant osseointegration were included. From 3124 initial items, on the basis of the eligibility criteria, 33 articles, regarding both Pulsed ElectroMagnetic Fields (PEMF) and Static magnetic Fields from permanent Magnets (SFM) were finally included and critically analyzed. In vitro studies showed a positive effect of PEMF, but contrasting effects of SFM on bone cell proliferation, whereas cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation were induced by both types of stimulation. In vivo studies showed an increased bone-to-implant contact rate in different animal models and clinical studies revealed positive effects on implant stability, under magnetic stimulation. In conclusion, although positive effects of magnetic exposure on osteogenesis activity and osseointegration emerged, this scoping review highlighted the need for further preclinical and clinical studies. More standardized designs, accurate choice of stimulation parameters, adequate methods of evaluation of the outcomes, greater sample size and longer follow-ups are needed to clearly assess the effect of magnetic fields on dental implant osseointegration.
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6
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Marbán E, Liao K. On the cellular origin of cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs). Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:12. [PMID: 35258685 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Marbán
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, AHSP A3600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Ke Liao
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, AHSP A3600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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7
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Soetkamp D, Gallet R, Parker SJ, Holewinski R, Venkatraman V, Peck K, Goldhaber JI, Marbán E, Van Eyk JE. Myofilament Phosphorylation in Stem Cell Treated Diastolic Heart Failure. Circ Res 2021; 129:1125-1140. [PMID: 34641704 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Phosphorylation of sarcomeric proteins has been implicated in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF); such changes may contribute to diastolic dysfunction by altering contractility, cardiac stiffness, Ca2+-sensitivity, and mechanosensing. Treatment with cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) restores normal diastolic function, attenuates fibrosis and inflammation, and improves survival in a rat HFpEF model. OBJECTIVE Phosphorylation changes that underlie HFpEF and those reversed by CDC therapy, with a focus on the sarcomeric subproteome were analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed a high-salt diet, with echocardiographically verified diastolic dysfunction, were randomly assigned to either intracoronary CDCs or placebo. Dahl salt-sensitive rats receiving low salt diet served as controls. Protein and phosphorylated Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues from left ventricular tissue were quantified by mass spectrometry. HFpEF hearts exhibited extensive hyperphosphorylation with 98% of the 529 significantly changed phospho-sites increased compared with control. Of those, 39% were located within the sarcomeric subproteome, with a large group of proteins located or associated with the Z-disk. CDC treatment partially reverted the hyperphosphorylation, with 85% of the significantly altered 76 residues hypophosphorylated. Bioinformatic upstream analysis of the differentially phosphorylated protein residues revealed PKC as the dominant putative regulatory kinase. PKC isoform analysis indicated increases in PKC α, β, and δ concentration, whereas CDC treatment led to a reversion of PKCβ. Use of PKC isoform specific inhibition and overexpression of various PKC isoforms strongly suggests that PKCβ is the dominant kinase involved in hyperphosphorylation in HFpEF and is altered with CDC treatment. CONCLUSIONS Increased protein phosphorylation at the Z-disk is associated with diastolic dysfunction, with PKC isoforms driving most quantified phosphorylation changes. Because CDCs reverse the key abnormalities in HFpEF and selectively reverse PKCβ upregulation, PKCβ merits being classified as a potential therapeutic target in HFpEF, a disease notoriously refractory to medical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Soetkamp
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Romain Gallet
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sarah J Parker
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Kiel Peck
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Eduardo Marbán
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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8
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Bertagna F, Lewis R, Silva SRP, McFadden J, Jeevaratnam K. Effects of electromagnetic fields on neuronal ion channels: a systematic review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1499:82-103. [PMID: 33945157 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many aspects of chemistry and biology are mediated by electromagnetic field (EMF) interactions. The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly sensitive to EMF stimuli. Studies have explored the direct effect of different EMFs on the electrical properties of neurons in the last two decades, particularly focusing on the role of voltage-gated ion channels (VGCs). This work aims to systematically review published evidence in the last two decades detailing the effects of EMFs on neuronal ion channels as per the PRISM guidelines. Following a predetermined exclusion and inclusion criteria, 22 papers were included after searches on three online databases. Changes in calcium homeostasis, attributable to the voltage-gated calcium channels, were found to be the most commonly reported result of EMF exposure. EMF effects on the neuronal landscape appear to be diverse and greatly dependent on parameters, such as the field's frequency, exposure time, and intrinsic properties of the irradiated tissue, such as the expression of VGCs. Here, we systematically clarify how neuronal ion channels are particularly affected and differentially modulated by EMFs at multiple levels, such as gating dynamics, ion conductance, concentration in the membrane, and gene and protein expression. Ion channels represent a major transducer for EMF-related effects on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bertagna
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Rebecca Lewis
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - S Ravi P Silva
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Johnjoe McFadden
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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9
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Naghibzadeh M, Gholampour S, Naghibzadeh M, Sadeghian-Nodoushan F, Nikukar H. The effect of electromagnetic field on decreasing and increasing of the growth and proliferation rate of dermal fibroblast cell. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13803. [PMID: 32526050 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining the health of dermal fibroblast cells and controlling their growth and proliferation would directly affect the health of skin tissues. The present study encompassed three control and three experimental specimens, which were different in terms of the duration of exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF) and intensity. With a decrease in intensity from 2 to 1 mT during 24, 48, and 72 h after exposing the cells to EMF, the frequency of the sample fibroblast cells increased by 60.3%, 144.9%, and 90.1%, respectively. With an increase in intensity from 3 to 4 mT during 48 and 72 h of exposure to EMF, the frequencies of the sample fibroblast cells decreased by 6.8% and 86.7%, respectively. It seems to be possible to achieve the most desirable condition to help the restoration of wounds and skin lesions through decreasing the exposure intensity from 2 to 0.5 mT and increasing EMF exposure time from 24 to 72 h simultaneously and non-invasively. The most desirable approach to improve the treatment of skin cancers non-invasively is to increase the intensity from 3 to 5 mT and to enhance EMF exposure time from 48 to 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Naghibzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seifollah Gholampour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Naghibzadeh
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghian-Nodoushan
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Tissue engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Nikukar
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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10
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Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Increase the Expression of Anagen-Related Molecules in Human Dermal Papilla Cells via GSK-3β/ERK/Akt Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030784. [PMID: 31991762 PMCID: PMC7037017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in medical treatments, the proportion of the population suffering from alopecia is increasing, thereby creating a need for new treatments to control hair loss and prevent balding. Human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (hDPCs), a type of specialized fibroblast in the hair bulb, play an essential role in controlling hair growth and in conditions like androgenic alopecia. This study aimed to evaluate the intensity-dependent effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on the expression of anagen-related molecules in hDPCs in vitro. We examined the effect of ELF-EMF on hDPCs to determine whether activation of the GSK-3β/ERK/Akt signaling pathway improved hDPC activation and proliferation; hDPCs were exposed to ELF-EMFs at a frequency of 70 Hz and at intensities ranging from 5 to 100 G, over four days. Various PEMF intensities significantly increased the expression of anagen-related molecules, including collagen IV, laminin, ALP, and versican. In particular, an intensity of 10 G is most potent for promoting the proliferation of hDPC and expression of anagen-related molecules. Moreover, 10 G ELF-EMF significantly increased β-catenin and Wnt3α expression and GSK-3β/ERK/Akt phosphorylation. Our results confirmed that ELF-EMFs enhance hDPC activation and proliferation via the GSK-3β/ERK/Akt signaling pathway, suggesting a potential treatment strategy for alopecia.
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11
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Kfir SH, Barash I. Calorie restriction and rapamycin administration induce stem cell self-renewal and consequent development and production in the mammary gland. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111477. [PMID: 31242443 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of the mammary epithelial stem cell pool holds promise for consequent mammary gland development and production. Complementary analyses of bovine mammary implants maintained in de-epithelialized mouse mammary fat pad and endogenous mouse mammary gland were performed to elucidate the effect of calorie restriction (CR) on stem cell self-renewal. CR elevated propagation rate and non-adherent mammosphere generation in cultured bovine mammary cells. A corresponding decrease in progenitor-induced colony formation and differentiation marker expression was noted. In the mouse gland, CR enhanced the take rate of transplanted cells and outgrowths' fat pad occupancy. Downregulating mTOR activity by rapamycin administration reproduced CR's effects on stem cell self-renewal within a shorter period. Flow cytometry demonstrated a significant 1.5-fold increase in stem cell number and a corresponding decrease in luminal progenitor and differentiated cells. Consequent effects of rapamycin administration included enhanced ductlet generation in bovine implants and higher milk-protein gene expression in cultured mouse mammary cells. The stimulatory effect of CR on BST-1 expression in both bovine implants and mouse glands resembled that noted in the intestinal Paneth stem cell niche (Yilmaz et al., 2012). A putative niche may also exist in the mammary gland, conveying energy-status information to the insulated stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhav Hanna Kfir
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel; The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itamar Barash
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel.
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12
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Kavand H, van Lintel H, Renaud P. Efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic fields tuned to the ion cyclotron resonance frequency of Ca 2+ on chondrogenic differentiation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:799-811. [PMID: 30793837 DOI: 10.1002/term.2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies provide strong evidence for the therapeutic effect of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on different tissues including cartilage. Diverse exposure parameters applied in scientific reports and the unknown interacting mechanism of EMF with biological systems make EMF studies challenging. In 1985, Liboff proposed that when magnetic fields are tuned to the cyclotron resonance frequencies of critical ions, the motion of ions through cell membranes is enhanced, and thus biological effects appear. Such exposure system consists of a weak alternating magnetic field (B1 ) in the presence of a static magnetic field (B0 ) and depends on the relationship between the magnitudes of B0 and B1 and the angular frequency Ω. The purpose of the present study is to determine the chondrogenic potential of EMF with regards to pulsed EMF (PEMF) and the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) theory. We used different stimulating systems to generate EMFs in which cells are either stimulated with ubiquitous PEMF parameters, frequently reported, or parameters tuned to satisfy the ICR for Ca2+ (including negative and positive control groups). Chondrogenesis was analysed after 3 weeks of treatment. Cell stimulation under the ICR condition showed positive results in the context of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen synthesis. In contrast, the other electromagnetically stimulated groups showed no changes compared with the control groups. Furthermore, gene expression assays revealed an increase in the expression of chondrogenic markers (COL2A1, SOX9, and ACAN) in the ICR group. These results suggest that the Ca2+ ICR condition can be an effective factor in inducing chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Kavand
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harald van Lintel
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Correlations between acute atrial fibrillation and local earth magnetic field strength. JOURNAL OF COMPLEXITY IN HEALTH SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.21595/chs.2018.20430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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Hsa-miR-497 as a new regulator in TGFβ signaling pathway and cardiac differentiation process. Gene 2018; 675:150-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Non-Ionizing Radiation for Cardiac Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Commitment: A Physical Strategy in Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082324. [PMID: 30096780 PMCID: PMC6121454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is an innovative strategy for tissue repair, since adult stem cells could have limited regenerative ability as in the case of myocardial damage. This leads to a local contractile dysfunction due to scar formation. For these reasons, refining strategy approaches for “in vitro” stem cell commitment, preparatory to the “in vivo” stem cell differentiation, is imperative. In this work, we isolated and characterized at molecular and cellular level, human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hAMSCs) and exposed them to a physical Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) stimulus and to a chemical Nitric Oxide treatment. Physically exposed cells showed a decrease of cell proliferation and no change in metabolic activity, cell vitality and apoptotic rate. An increase in the mRNA expression of cardiac and angiogenic differentiation markers, confirmed at the translational level, was also highlighted in exposed cells. Our data, for the first time, provide evidence that physical ELF-EMF stimulus (7 Hz, 2.5 µT), similarly to the chemical treatment, is able to trigger hAMSC cardiac commitment. More importantly, we also observed that only the physical stimulus is able to induce both types of commitments contemporarily (cardiac and angiogenic), suggesting its potential use to obtain a better regenerative response in cell-therapy protocols.
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Pall ML. Wi-Fi is an important threat to human health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:405-416. [PMID: 29573716 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Repeated Wi-Fi studies show that Wi-Fi causes oxidative stress, sperm/testicular damage, neuropsychiatric effects including EEG changes, apoptosis, cellular DNA damage, endocrine changes, and calcium overload. Each of these effects are also caused by exposures to other microwave frequency EMFs, with each such effect being documented in from 10 to 16 reviews. Therefore, each of these seven EMF effects are established effects of Wi-Fi and of other microwave frequency EMFs. Each of these seven is also produced by downstream effects of the main action of such EMFs, voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) activation. While VGCC activation via EMF interaction with the VGCC voltage sensor seems to be the predominant mechanism of action of EMFs, other mechanisms appear to have minor roles. Minor roles include activation of other voltage-gated ion channels, calcium cyclotron resonance and the geomagnetic magnetoreception mechanism. Five properties of non-thermal EMF effects are discussed. These are that pulsed EMFs are, in most cases, more active than are non-pulsed EMFs; artificial EMFs are polarized and such polarized EMFs are much more active than non-polarized EMFs; dose-response curves are non-linear and non-monotone; EMF effects are often cumulative; and EMFs may impact young people more than adults. These general findings and data presented earlier on Wi-Fi effects were used to assess the Foster and Moulder (F&M) review of Wi-Fi. The F&M study claimed that there were seven important studies of Wi-Fi that each showed no effect. However, none of these were Wi-Fi studies, with each differing from genuine Wi-Fi in three distinct ways. F&M could, at most conclude that there was no statistically significant evidence of an effect. The tiny numbers studied in each of these seven F&M-linked studies show that each of them lack power to make any substantive conclusions. In conclusion, there are seven repeatedly found Wi-Fi effects which have also been shown to be caused by other similar EMF exposures. Each of the seven should be considered, therefore, as established effects of Wi-Fi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Pall
- Washington State University, 638 NE 41st Avenue, Portland, OR 97232-3312, USA.
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The local earth magnetic field changes impact on weekly hospitalization due to unstable angina pectoris. JOURNAL OF COMPLEXITY IN HEALTH SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.21595/chs.2018.20020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Jaruševičius G, Rugelis T, McCraty R, Landauskas M, Berškienė K, Vainoras A. Correlation between Changes in Local Earth's Magnetic Field and Cases of Acute Myocardial Infarction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15030399. [PMID: 29495373 PMCID: PMC5876944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The impact of changes in the geomagnetic field on the human body remains the subject of studies across the world, yet there is no consensus. Current studies are observing effects that require further work by researchers in order to find out the mechanisms that would allow a proper assessment of the correlations between the Earth‘s magnetic field variations and changes in human organisms. The main purpose of this study was to investigate possible correlations between the strength of time-varying aspects of the local Earth’s magnetic field and incidence of myocardial infarctions. Study participants included 435 males and 268 females who had diagnosis of myocardial infarction during the period of 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016 and attended the Department of Cardiology at the Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LUHS), Kauno klinikos. Time varying magnetic field data was collected at the magnetometer site located in Lithuania. After mathematical analysis, the results support the hypothesis that the Earth’s magnetic field has a relationship between the number of acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (STEMI) cases per week and the average weekly geomagnetic field strength in different frequency ranges. Correlations varied in different age groups as well as in males and females, which may indicate diverse organism sensitivity to the Earth’s magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas Jaruševičius
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno klinikos, Kaunas 50161, Lithuania.
- Cardiology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 44307, Lithuania.
| | - Tautvydas Rugelis
- Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 44307, Lithuania.
| | | | - Mantas Landauskas
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas 51368, Lithuania.
| | - Kristina Berškienė
- Sport Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 47181, Lithuania.
| | - Alfonsas Vainoras
- Cardiology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 44307, Lithuania.
- Sport Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 47181, Lithuania.
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Vogiatzi G, Briasoulis A, Tsalamandris S, Tousoulis D. Stem-Cell Therapy. Coron Artery Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811908-2.00016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Kim EC, Park J, Kwon IK, Lee SW, Park SJ, Ahn SJ. Static magnetic fields promote osteoblastic/cementoblastic differentiation in osteoblasts, cementoblasts, and periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2017; 47:273-291. [PMID: 29093986 PMCID: PMC5663666 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2017.47.5.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although static magnetic fields (SMFs) have been used in dental prostheses and osseointegrated implants, their biological effects on osteoblastic and cementoblastic differentiation in cells involved in periodontal regeneration remain unknown. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of SMFs (15 mT) on the osteoblastic and cementoblastic differentiation of human osteoblasts, periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), and cementoblasts, and to explore the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Methods Differentiation was evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralized nodule formation based on Alizarin red staining, calcium content, and the expression of marker mRNAs assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Signaling pathways were analyzed by western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Results The activities of the early marker ALP and the late markers matrix mineralization and calcium content, as well as osteoblast- and cementoblast-specific gene expression in osteoblasts, PDLCs, and cementoblasts were enhanced. SMFs upregulated the expression of Wnt proteins, and increased the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and total β-catenin protein expression. Furthermore, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways were activated. Conclusions SMF treatment enhanced osteoblastic and/or cementoblastic differentiation in osteoblasts, cementoblasts, and PDLCs. These findings provide a molecular basis for the beneficial osteogenic and/or cementogenic effect of SMFs, which could have potential in stimulating bone or cementum formation during bone regeneration and in patients with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaesuh Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Keun Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Won Lee
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Park
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Ahn
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Lucia U, Grisolia G, Ponzetto A, Silvagno F. An engineering thermodynamic approach to select the electromagnetic wave effective on cell growth. J Theor Biol 2017; 429:181-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Tamrin SH, Majedi FS, Tondar M, Sanati-Nezhad A, Hasani-Sadrabadi MM. Electromagnetic Fields and Stem Cell Fate: When Physics Meets Biology. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 171:63-97. [PMID: 27515674 DOI: 10.1007/112_2016_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Controlling stem cell (SC) fate is an extremely important topic in the realm of SC research. A variety of different external cues mainly mechanical, chemical, or electrical stimulations individually or in combination have been incorporated to control SC fate. Here, we will deconstruct the probable relationship between the functioning of electromagnetic (EMF) and SC fate of a variety of different SCs. The electromagnetic (EM) nature of the cells is discussed with the emphasis on the effects of EMF on the determinant factors that directly and/or indirectly influence cell fate. Based on the EM effects on a variety of cellular processes, it is believed that EMFs can be engineered to provide a controlled signal with the highest impact on the SC fate decision. Considering the novelty and broad applications of applying EMFs to change SC fate, it is necessary to shed light on many unclear mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hassanpour Tamrin
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Tondar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and BioInspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N1N4.
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Hasani-Sadrabadi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience and G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Liboff
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI, USA
| | - C. Poggi
- Studio Ingegneria Claudio Poggi, Genoa, Italy
| | - P. Pratesi
- Studio Ingegneria Claudio Poggi, Genoa, Italy
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24
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Calcabrini C, Mancini U, De Bellis R, Diaz AR, Martinelli M, Cucchiarini L, Sestili P, Stocchi V, Potenza L. Effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on antioxidant activity in the human keratinocyte cell line NCTC 2544. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 64:415-422. [PMID: 27001710 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Some epidemiological studies have suggested possible associations between exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) and various diseases. Recently, ELF-EMF has been considered as a therapeutic agent. To support ELF-EMF use in regenerative medicine, in particular in the treatment of skin injuries, we investigated whether significant cell damage occurs after ELF-EMF exposure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated in the human keratinocyte exposed for 1 H to 50 Hz ELF-EMF in a range of field strengths from 0.25 to 2 G. Significant ROS increases resulted at 0.5 and 1 G and under these flux densities ROS production, glutathione content, antioxidant defense activity, and lipid peroxidation markers were assessed for different lengths of time. Analyzed parameters of antioxidant defense and membrane integrity showed a different trend at two selected magnetic fluxes, with a greater sensitivity of the cells exposed to 0.5 G, especially after 1 H. All significant alterations observed in the first 4 H of exposure reverted to controls 24 H after suggesting that under these conditions, ELF-EMF induces a slight oxidative stress that does not overwhelm the metabolic capacity of the cells or have a cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Calcabrini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Umberto Mancini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Roberta De Bellis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Diaz
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Maddalena Martinelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Luigi Cucchiarini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Lucia Potenza
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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25
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Wang S, Zhou X, Huang B, Wang Z, Zhou L, Wang M, Yu L, Jiang H. Noninvasive low-frequency electromagnetic stimulation of the left stellate ganglion reduces myocardial infarction-induced ventricular arrhythmia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30783. [PMID: 27470078 PMCID: PMC4965791 DOI: 10.1038/srep30783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive magnetic stimulation has been widely used in autonomic disorders in the past few decades, but few studies has been done in cardiac diseases. Recently, studies showed that low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) might suppress atrial fibrillation by mediating the cardiac autonomic nervous system. In the present study, the effect of LF-EMF stimulation of left stellate ganglion (LSG) on LSG neural activity and ventricular arrhythmia has been studied in an acute myocardium infarction canine model. It is shown that LF-EMF stimulation leads to a reduction both in the neural activity of LSG and in the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia. The obtained results suggested that inhibition of the LSG neural activity might be the causal of the reduction of ventricular arrhythmia since previous studies have shown that LSG hyperactivity may facilitate the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia. LF-EMF stimulation might be a novel noninvasive substitute for the existing implant device-based electrical stimulation or sympathectomy in the treatment of cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Lilei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
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D’Emilia E, Ledda M, Foletti A, Lisi A, Giuliani L, Grimaldi S, Liboff AR. Weak-field H3O+ion cyclotron resonance alters water refractive index. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 36:55-62. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2016.1181082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Golbach LA, Portelli LA, Savelkoul HFJ, Terwel SR, Kuster N, de Vries RBM, Verburg-van Kemenade BML. Calcium homeostasis and low-frequency magnetic and electric field exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 92-93:695-706. [PMID: 26872872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Low frequency magnetic field (LF MF) exposure is recurrently suggested to have the ability to induce health effects in society. Therefore, in vitro model systems are used to investigate biological effects of exposure. LF MF induced changes of the cellular calcium homeostasis are frequently hypothesised to be the possible target, but this hypothesis is both substantiated and rejected by numerous studies in literature. Despite the large amount of data, no systematic analysis of in vitro studies has been conducted to address the strength of evidence for an association between LF MF exposure and calcium homeostasis. Our systematic review, with inclusion of 42 studies, showed evidence for an association of LF MF with internal calcium concentrations and calcium oscillation patterns. The oscillation frequency increased, while the amplitude and the percentage of oscillating cells remained constant. The intracellular calcium concentration increased (SMD 0.351, 95% CI 0.126, 0.576). Subgroup analysis revealed heterogeneous effects associated with the exposure frequency, magnetic flux density and duration. Moreover, we found support for the presence of MF-sensitive cell types. Nevertheless, some of the included studies may introduce a great risk of bias as a result of uncontrolled or not reported exposure conditions, temperature ranges and ambient fields. In addition, mathematical calculations of the parasitic induced electric fields (IEFs) disclosed their association with increased intracellular calcium. Our results demonstrate that LF MF might influence the calcium homeostasis in cells in vitro, but the risk of bias and high heterogeneity (I(2)>75%) weakens the analyses. Therefore any potential clinical implications await further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke A Golbach
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, P.O.Box 338, 6700AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas A Portelli
- The Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT'IS), Zeughausstrasse 43, CH-8004 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, P.O.Box 338, 6700AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie R Terwel
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, P.O.Box 338, 6700AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Kuster
- The Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT'IS), Zeughausstrasse 43, CH-8004 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Federal Technical Institute (ETHZ), Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rob B M de Vries
- SYRCLE, Central Animal Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Current models that frame consciousness in terms of electromagnetic field theory carry implications that have yet to be fully explored. Endogenous weak extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields are generated by ionic charge flow in axons, dendrites and synaptic transmitters. Because neural tissues are transparent to such fields, these provide the basis for the globally unifying qualities required to properly describe consciousness as a field. At the same time, however, an electromagnetic approach predicts partial transmission of this 1-100 nT field, suggesting external interactions similar to the various ELF magnetic perturbations that are linked to homeostatic and endocrine-related physiological effects. It follows that humans may represent an additional, previously unrecognized source of weak (1-10 nT) ambient ELF magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Liboff
- a Department of Physics , Oakland University , Rochester Hills , MI , USA
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29
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Bekhite MM, Finkensieper A, Abou-Zaid FA, El-Shourbagy IK, El-Fiky NK, Omar KM, Sauer H, Wartenberg M. Differential effects of high and low strength magnetic fields on mouse embryonic development and vasculogenesis of embryonic stem cells. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:46-58. [PMID: 27346840 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Man-made magnetic fields (MFs) may exert adverse effects on mammalian embryonic development. Herein, we analysed the effect of 10mT 50Hz sinusoidal (AC) or static (DC) MFs versus 1mT MFs on embryonic development of mice. Exposure for 20days during gestation to 10mT MFs increased resorptions and dead fetuses, decreased crown-rump length and fresh weight, reduced blood vessel differentiation and caused histological changes, accompanied with diminished vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression in several organs. In embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived embryoid bodies exposure towards 10mT MFs increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased vascular marker as well as VEGF expression and enhanced apoptosis. In conclusion, our combined data from in vivo and in vitro experiments identified VEGF as an important mediator during embryonic development that can be influenced by high strength MFs, which in consequence leads to severe abnormalities in fetus organs and blood vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Bekhite
- University Heart Center, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Andreas Finkensieper
- University Heart Center, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Fouad A Abou-Zaid
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | | | - Nabil K El-Fiky
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Omar
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527, Egypt
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - Maria Wartenberg
- University Heart Center, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields enhance the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells cultured from ischemic brains. Neuroreport 2016; 26:896-902. [PMID: 26339991 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, neurogenesis persists throughout the embryonic period and adulthood in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and the granular zone (dentate gyrus) of the hippocampus. Newborn neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the two regions play a critical role in structural and functional plasticity and neural regeneration after brain injury. Previous studies have reported that extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) could promote osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and cardiac stem cells' differentiation, which indicates that ELF-EMF might be an effective tool for regenerative therapy. The present studies were carried out to examine the effects of ELF-EMF on hippocampal NPCs cultured from embryonic and adult ischemic brains. We found that exposure to ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 0.4 mT) significantly enhanced the proliferation capability both in embryonic NPCs and in ischemic NPCs. Neuronal differentiation was also enhanced after 7 days of cumulative ELF-EMF exposure, whereas glial differentiation was not influenced markedly. The expression of phosphorylated Akt increased during the proliferation process when ischemic NPCs were exposed to ELF-EMF. However, blockage of the Akt pathway abolished the ELF-EMF-induced proliferation of ischemic NPCs. These data show that ELF-EMF promotes neurogenesis of ischemic NPCs and suggest that this effect may occur through the Akt pathway.Video abstract, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/WNR/A347.
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Maziarz A, Kocan B, Bester M, Budzik S, Cholewa M, Ochiya T, Banas A. How electromagnetic fields can influence adult stem cells: positive and negative impacts. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:54. [PMID: 27086866 PMCID: PMC4834823 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The electromagnetic field (EMF) has a great impact on our body. It has been successfully used in physiotherapy for the treatment of bone disorders and osteoarthritis, as well as for cartilage regeneration or pain reduction. Recently, EMFs have also been applied in in vitro experiments on cell/stem cell cultures. Stem cells reside in almost all tissues within the human body, where they exhibit various potential. These cells are of great importance because they control homeostasis, regeneration, and healing. Nevertheless, stem cells when become cancer stem cells, may influence the pathological condition. In this article we review the current knowledge on the effects of EMFs on human adult stem cell biology, such as proliferation, the cell cycle, or differentiation. We present the characteristics of the EMFs used in miscellaneous assays. Most research has so far been performed during osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. It has been demonstrated that the effects of EMF stimulation depend on the intensity and frequency of the EMF and the time of exposure to it. However, other factors may affect these processes, such as growth factors, reactive oxygen species, and so forth. Exploration of this research area may enhance the development of EMF-based technologies used in medical applications and thereby improve stem cell-based therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Maziarz
- Laboratory of Stem Cells' Biology, Department of Immunology, Chair of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Kopisto 2a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland.,Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Warzywna 1a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Beata Kocan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells' Biology, Department of Immunology, Chair of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Kopisto 2a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland.,Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Warzywna 1a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Bester
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, ul. Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Budzik
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, ul. Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marian Cholewa
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, ul. Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, 104-0045, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Agnieszka Banas
- Laboratory of Stem Cells' Biology, Department of Immunology, Chair of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Kopisto 2a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland. .,Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Warzywna 1a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland.
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Abstract
We examine the hypothesis that consciousness is a manifestation of the electromagnetic field, finding supportive factors not previously considered. It is not likely that traditional electrophysiological signaling modes can be readily transmitted throughout the brain to properly enable this field because of electric field screening arising from the ubiquitous distribution of high dielectric lipid membranes, a problem that vanishes for low-frequency magnetic fields. Many reports over the last few decades have provided evidence that living tissue is robustly sensitive to ultrasmall (1-100 nT) ELF magnetic fields overlapping the γ-frequency range often associated with awareness. An example taken from animal behavior (coherent bird flocking) lends support to the possibility of a disembodied electromagnetic consciousness. In contrast to quantum consciousness hypotheses, the present approach is open to experimental trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Liboff
- a Department of Physics , Oakland University , Rochester , MI , USA
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Kim EC, Leesungbok R, Lee SW, Hong JY, Ko EJ, Ahn SJ. Effects of static magnetic fields on bone regeneration of implants in the rabbit: micro-CT, histologic, microarray, and real-time PCR analyses. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 28:396-405. [PMID: 26972335 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of static magnetic fields (SMFs) on bone regeneration around titanium implants by μCT, histologic analysis, microarrays, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Neodymium magnets provided the source of SMFs, the specimens were grade 5 titanium implants, and the animals were twenty-seven adult male New Zealand white rabbits. These implants were divided into six groups according to the presence of a magnet and predetermined healing period (1, 4, and 8 weeks). Each group comprised six specimens for μCT (n = 6) and histologic examination, and three specimens (n = 3) for microarrays and qRT-PCR, yielding a total of 54 specimens. RESULTS The μCT data showed that SMFs increased bone volume fraction (bone volume/total volume, BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th). Histologic observation indicated that SMFs promoted new bone formation and direct bony contact with implants. Microarray analysis identified 293 genes upregulated (>twofold) in response to SMFs. The upregulated genes included extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes (COL10A1, COL9A1, and COL12A1) and growth factor (GF)-related genes (CTGF and PDGFD), and the upregulation was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis revealed the involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Wnt, and PPAR-gamma signaling pathways in implant healing. CONCLUSIONS μCT, histology, microarrays, and real-time PCR indicate that SMFs could be an effective approach to improving bone regeneration around dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Richard Leesungbok
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Gangdong, Korea
| | - Suk-Won Lee
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Gangdong, Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Hong
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Ko
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Gangdong, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Ahn
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Gangdong, Korea
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34
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Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized membrane particles that are secreted by cells that transmit information from cell to cell. The information within exosomes prominently includes their protein and RNA payloads. Exosomal microRNAs in particular can potently and fundamentally alter the transcriptome of recipient cells. Here we summarize what is known about exosome biogenesis, content, and transmission, with a focus on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. We also highlight some of the questions currently under active investigation regarding these extracellular membrane vesicles and their potential in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California 90048;
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35
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Martynyuk V, Melnyk M, Artemenko A. Comparison of biological effects of electromagnetic fields with pulse frequencies of 8 and 50 Hz on gastric smooth muscles. Electromagn Biol Med 2015; 35:143-51. [PMID: 26192248 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2015.1028072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The influence of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) with rectangular pulse frequencies of 8 and 50 Hz and flux density of 25 µT on contraction, nitric oxide/nitrite synthesis, and intracellular calcium concentration in the gastric smooth muscles of rats was investigated. An approximately 8-Hz field reduced the fast component of contraction induced by KCl depolarization and slowed down the time to reach the maximum of the slow component of contraction, whereas the 50-Hz field increased the fast and slow components and accelerated the time to reach the maximum of the slow component of contraction. After turning off the EMF, the force and character of contraction returned to the control values. In addition, the 8-Hz field increased nitric oxide/nitrite synthesis in the excited smooth muscle tissue with KCl depolarization, while the 50-Hz field had no significant effect. 8- and 50-Hz fields had no significant effects on nitric oxide/nitrite production in non-stimulated tissue. However, the 50-Hz field significantly increased the basic intracellular calcium concentration in smooth muscle cells (SMC) in a time-dependent manner, whereas the 8-Hz field only slightly increased calcium levels. Thus, we showed that responses of gastric smooth muscles to EMFs are pulse-frequency dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Martynyuk
- a Department of Biophysics , Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Mariia Melnyk
- a Department of Biophysics , Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Alexander Artemenko
- a Department of Biophysics , Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Kyiv , Ukraine
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36
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Zhao H, Steiger A, Nohner M, Ye H. Specific Intensity Direct Current (DC) Electric Field Improves Neural Stem Cell Migration and Enhances Differentiation towards βIII-Tubulin+ Neurons. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129625. [PMID: 26068466 PMCID: PMC4466259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of stem cell migration and differentiation is vital for efficient stem cell therapy. Literature reporting electric field–guided migration and differentiation is emerging. However, it is unknown if a field that causes cell migration is also capable of guiding cell differentiation—and the mechanisms for these processes remain unclear. Here, we report that a 115 V/m direct current (DC) electric field can induce directional migration of neural precursor cells (NPCs). Whole cell patching revealed that the cell membrane depolarized in the electric field, and buffering of extracellular calcium via EGTA prevented cell migration under these conditions. Immunocytochemical staining indicated that the same electric intensity could also be used to enhance differentiation and increase the percentage of cell differentiation into neurons, but not astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The results indicate that DC electric field of this specific intensity is capable of promoting cell directional migration and orchestrating functional differentiation, suggestively mediated by calcium influx during DC field exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Zhao
- Departments of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Amanda Steiger
- Departments of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mitch Nohner
- Departments of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hui Ye
- Departments of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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37
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Leite CF, Almeida TR, Lopes CS, Dias da Silva VJ. Multipotent stem cells of the heart-do they have therapeutic promise? Front Physiol 2015; 6:123. [PMID: 26005421 PMCID: PMC4424849 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decade has brought a comprehensive change in our view of cardiac remodeling processes under both physiological and pathological conditions, and cardiac stem cells have become important new players in the general mainframe of cardiac homeostasis. Different types of cardiac stem cells show different capacities for differentiation into the three major cardiac lineages: myocytes, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Physiologically, cardiac stem cells contribute to cardiac homeostasis through continual cellular turnover. Pathologically, these cells exhibit a high level of proliferative activity in an apparent attempt to repair acute cardiac injury, indicating that these cells possess (albeit limited) regenerative potential. In addition to cardiac stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells represent another multipotent cell population in the heart; these cells are located in regions near pericytes and exhibit regenerative, angiogenic, antiapoptotic, and immunosuppressive properties. The discovery of these resident cardiac stem cells was followed by a number of experimental studies in animal models of cardiomyopathies, in which cardiac stem cells were tested as a therapeutic option to overcome the limited transdifferentiating potential of hematopoietic or mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow. The promising results of these studies prompted clinical studies of the role of these cells, which have demonstrated the safety and practicability of cellular therapies for the treatment of heart disease. However, questions remain regarding this new therapeutic approach. Thus, the aim of the present review was to discuss the multitude of different cardiac stem cells that have been identified, their possible functional roles in the cardiac regenerative process, and their potential therapeutic uses in treating cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila F Leite
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological and Natural Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Thalles R Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological and Natural Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Carolina S Lopes
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological and Natural Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Valdo J Dias da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological and Natural Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University Uberaba, Brazil
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38
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Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field Conditioning Protects against I/R Injury and Contractile Dysfunction in the Isolated Rat Heart. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:396593. [PMID: 25961016 PMCID: PMC4414265 DOI: 10.1155/2015/396593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Low frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) decreases the formation of reactive oxygen species, which are key mediators of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Therefore, we hypothesized that the LF-EMF protects contractility of hearts subjected to I/R injury. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 20 min of global no-flow ischemia, followed by 30 min reperfusion, in the presence or absence of LF-EMF. Coronary flow, heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and rate pressure product (RPP) were determined for evaluation of heart mechanical function. The activity of cardiac matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and the contents of coronary effluent troponin I (TnI) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured as markers of heart injury. LF-EMF prevented decreased RPP in I/R hearts, while having no effect on coronary flow. In addition, hearts subjected to I/R exhibited significantly increased LVDP when subjected to LF-EMF. Although TnI and IL-6 levels were increased in I/R hearts, their levels returned to baseline aerobic levels in I/R hearts subjected to LF-EMF. The reduced activity of MMP-2 in I/R hearts was reversed in hearts subjected to LF-EMF. The data presented here indicate that acute exposure to LF-EMF protects mechanical function of I/R hearts and reduces I/R injury.
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39
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Kim EC, Leesungbok R, Lee SW, Lee HW, Park SH, Mah SJ, Ahn SJ. Effects of moderate intensity static magnetic fields on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2015; 36:267-76. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.21903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration; School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biology
| | - Richard Leesungbok
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics; Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry
| | - Suk-Won Lee
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics; Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry
| | - Hyeon-Woo Lee
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration; School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biology
| | - Sang Hyuk Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry
| | - Su-Jung Mah
- Department of Orthodontics; Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Su-Jin Ahn
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics; Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry
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40
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Ledda M, D'Emilia E, Giuliani L, Marchese R, Foletti A, Grimaldi S, Lisi A. Nonpulsed Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Fields as a Noninvasive Strategy in Bone Repair: The Effect on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:207-17. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ledda
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico D'Emilia
- Dipartimento Insediamenti produttivi ed Interazione con l'Ambiente (INAIL-DIPIA), Rome, Italy
| | - Livio Giuliani
- Dipartimento Insediamenti produttivi ed Interazione con l'Ambiente (INAIL-DIPIA), Rome, Italy
- INAIL Florence, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Foletti
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Settimio Grimaldi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lisi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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41
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Yu L, Dyer JW, Scherlag BJ, Stavrakis S, Sha Y, Sheng X, Garabelli P, Jacobson J, Po SS. The use of low-level electromagnetic fields to suppress atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2014; 12:809-17. [PMID: 25533588 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extremely low-level electromagnetic fields have been proposed to cause significant changes in neural networks. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate whether low-level electromagnetic fields can suppress atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS In 17 pentobarbital anesthetized dogs, bilateral thoracotomies allowed the placement of multielectrode catheters in both atria and at all pulmonary veins. AF was induced by rapid atrial pacing (RAP) or programmed atrial extrastimulation. At baseline and end of each hour of RAP, during sinus rhythm, atrial programmed stimulation gave both the effective refractory period (ERP) and the width of the window of vulnerability. The latter was a measure of AF inducibility. Microelectrodes inserted into the anterior right ganglionated plexi recorded neural firing. Helmholtz coils were powered by a function generator inducing an electromagnetic field (EMF; 0.034 μG, 0.952 Hz). The study sample was divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 7)-application of EMF to both cervical vagal trunks; group 2 (n = 10)-application of EMF across the chest so that the heart was located in the center of the coil. RESULTS In group 1, EMF induced a progressive increase in AF threshold at all pulmonary vein and atrial sites (all P < .05). In group 2, the atrial ERP progressively shortened and ERP dispersion and window of vulnerability progressively increased (P < .05 compared to baseline values) during 3 hours of RAP and then returned to baseline values during 3 hours of combined application of RAP and EMF (P < .05 compared to the end of the third hour of RAP). The frequency and amplitude of the neural activity recorded from the anterior right ganglionated plexi were markedly suppressed by EMF in both groups. CONCLUSION Pulsed EMF applied to the vagal trunks or noninvasively across the chest can significantly reverse AF inducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - John W Dyer
- Heart Rhythm Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Benjamin J Scherlag
- Heart Rhythm Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Heart Rhythm Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Yong Sha
- Heart Rhythm Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Xia Sheng
- Heart Rhythm Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Paul Garabelli
- Heart Rhythm Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | - Sunny S Po
- Heart Rhythm Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
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42
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Di Bonaventura G, Pompilio A, Crocetta V, De Nicola S, Barbaro F, Giuliani L, D'Emilia E, Fiscarelli E, Bellomo RG, Saggini R. Exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic field affects biofilm formation by cystic fibrosis pathogens. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:1303-17. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Aims: To evaluate the in vitro effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) on growth and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains from cystic fibrosis patients. Materials & methods: The motion of selected ions (Fe, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mg, K, Na) was stimulated by the ion resonance effect, then influence on growth and biofilm formation/viability was assessed by spectrophotometry or viability count. Results: Generally, exposure to ELF-MF significantly increased bacterial growth and affected both biofilm formation and viability, although with differences with regard to ions and species considered. Conclusion: Exposure to ELF-MF represents a possible new approach for treatment of biofilm-associated cystic fibrosis lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Crocetta
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Serena De Nicola
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Filippo Barbaro
- Prometeo S.r.l., Padova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience & Imaging, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Livio Giuliani
- INAIL, Workers Compensation Authority, Research Center of Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico D'Emilia
- INAIL, Workers Compensation Authority, Research Center of Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Grazia Bellomo
- Department of Medicine & Ageing Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Raoul Saggini
- Department of Neuroscience & Imaging, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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43
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Luo FL, Yang N, He C, Li HL, Li C, Chen F, Xiong JX, Hu ZA, Zhang J. Exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields alters the calcium dynamics of cultured entorhinal cortex neurons. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 135:236-246. [PMID: 25462671 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure affects neuronal dendritic spine density and NMDAR and AMPAR subunit expressions in the entorhinal cortex (EC). Although calcium signaling has a critical role in control of EC neuronal functions, however, it is still unclear whether the ELF-EMF exposure affects the EC neuronal calcium homeostasis. In the present study, using whole-cell recording and calcium imaging, we record the whole-cell inward currents that contain the voltage-gated calcium currents and show that ELF-EMF (50Hz, 1mT or 3mT, lasting 24h) exposure does not influence these currents. Next, we specifically isolate the high-voltage activated (HVA) and low-voltage activated (LVA) calcium channels-induced currents. Similarly, the activation and inactivation characteristics of these membrane calcium channels are also not influenced by ELF-EMF. Importantly, ELF-EMF exposure reduces the maximum amplitude of the high-K(+)-evoked calcium elevation in EC neurons, which is abolished by thapsigargin, a Ca(2+) ATPase inhibitor, to empty the intracellular calcium stores of EC neurons. Together, these findings indicate that ELF-EMF exposure specifically influences the intracellular calcium dynamics of cultural EC neurons via a calcium channel-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Lan Luo
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Nian Yang
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Hong-Li Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Jia-Xiang Xiong
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Zhi-An Hu
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
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Zhang H, Wang H, Li N, Duan CE, Yang YJ. Cardiac progenitor/stem cells on myocardial infarction or ischemic heart disease: what we have known from current research. Heart Fail Rev 2014; 19:247-58. [PMID: 23381197 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-013-9372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has become a promising method for many diseases, including ischemic heart disease and heart failure. Several kinds of stem cells have been studied for heart diseases. Of them, bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), which have been used in many clinical trials, are the most understood one. But the effect of BMSCs is mediated by paracrine factors instead of direct turning into cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, a lot of evidences have shown that resident cardiac stem cells could turn into cardiomyocytes directly in vivo. Currently, seven kinds of resident cardiac stem cells have been discovered. However, their mechanisms, development origins, and relationships have yet to be fully understood. Moreover, two Phase I clinical trials have been performed recently. They show promising results. In this review, we will summarize the current research on these cardiac stem cells and the methods to enhance their effects in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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45
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Makarov VI, Khmelinskii I. External control of the Drosophila melanogaster egg to imago development period by specific combinations of 3D low-frequency electric and magnetic fields. Electromagn Biol Med 2014; 35:15-29. [PMID: 25259623 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2014.959175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We report that the duration of the egg-to-imago development period of the Drosophila melanogaster, and the imago longevity, are both controllable by combinations of external 3-dimensional (3D) low-frequency electric and magnetic fields (LFEMFs). Both these periods may be reduced or increased by applying an appropriate configuration of external 3D LFEMFs. We report that the longevity of D. melanogaster imagoes correlates with the duration of the egg-to-imago development period of the respective eggs. We infer that metabolic processes in both eggs and imago are either accelerated (resulting in reduced time periods) or slowed down (resulting in increased time periods). We propose that external 3D LFEMFs induce electric currents in live systems as well as mechanical vibrations on sub-cell, whole-cell and cell-group levels. These external fields induce media polarization due to ionic motion and orientation of electric dipoles that could moderate the observed effects. We found that the longevity of D. melanogaster imagoes is affected by action of 3D LFEMFs on the respective eggs in the embryonic development period (EDP). We interpret this effect as resulting from changes in the regulation mechanism of metabolic processes in D. melanogaster eggs, inherited by the resulting imagoes. We also tested separate effects of either 3D electric or 3D magnetic fields, which were significantly weaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Makarov
- a Department of Physics , University of Puerto Rico , Rio Piedras , San Juan , PR , USA and
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Zamilpa R, Navarro MM, Flores I, Griffey S. Stem cell mechanisms during left ventricular remodeling post-myocardial infarction: Repair and regeneration. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:610-620. [PMID: 25068021 PMCID: PMC4110609 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i7.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-myocardial infarction (MI), the left ventricle (LV) undergoes a series of events collectively referred to as remodeling. As a result, damaged myocardium is replaced with fibrotic tissue consequently leading to contractile dysfunction and ultimately heart failure. LV remodeling post-MI includes inflammatory, fibrotic, and neovascularization responses that involve regulated cell recruitment and function. Stem cells (SCs) have been transplanted post-MI for treatment of LV remodeling and shown to improve LV function by reduction in scar tissue formation in humans and animal models of MI. The promising results obtained from the application of SCs post-MI have sparked a massive effort to identify the optimal SC for regeneration of cardiomyocytes and the paradigm for clinical applications. Although SC transplantations are generally associated with new tissue formation, SCs also secrete cytokines, chemokines and growth factors that robustly regulate cell behavior in a paracrine fashion during the remodeling process. In this review, the different types of SCs used for cardiomyogenesis, markers of differentiation, paracrine factor secretion, and strategies for cell recruitment and delivery are addressed.
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Marbán E. Breakthroughs in cell therapy for heart disease: focus on cardiosphere-derived cells. Mayo Clin Proc 2014; 89:850-8. [PMID: 24943699 PMCID: PMC4122123 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The clinical reality of cell therapy for heart disease dates back to the 1990 s, when autologous skeletal myoblasts were first transplanted into failing hearts during open-chest surgery. Since then, the focus has shifted to bone marrow-derived cells and, more recently, cells extracted from the heart itself. Although progress has been nonlinear and often disheartening, the field has nevertheless made remarkable progress. Six major breakthroughs are notable: (1) the establishment of safety with intracoronary delivery; (2) the finding that therapeutic regeneration is possible; (3) the increase in allogeneic cell therapy; (4) the effect of increasing mechanistic insights; (5) glimmers of clinical efficacy; and (6) the progression to phase 2 and 3 studies. This article individually reviews these landmark developments in detail and concludes that the field has reached a new phase of maturity where the prospect of clinical impact is increasingly imminent.
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Corbellini E, Corbellini M, Licciardello O, Marotta F. Modulating biological events by biophysics: an innovative molecular methodology using ion cyclotron resonance--a pilot study. Rejuvenation Res 2014; 17:188-91. [PMID: 24059702 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The QUEC PHISIS(™) technology, based on the theory of coherence domains of water, is the most advanced application of quantum electrodynamics coherence suitable for transferring highly targeted and personalized electromagnetic signals to the living cells. Several experimental studies in aged rats confirm its beneficial action on vital cellular parameters while also optimizing the bioavailability and absorption of fundamental elements in cellular metabolism. Clinical observations have followed and have strengthened its applicability in healthy volunteers and in patients with complex diseases such as cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and metabolic disorders. Our pilot study on severely compromised, frail subjects corroborates its relevance. The delivery of correct frequencies has the potential to become a safe, very affordable, and effective therapeutic modality that is amenable to being integrated with pharmacological drugs, thus representing a substantial innovation in medical practice.
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Wen Z, Mai Z, Zhang H, Chen Y, Geng D, Zhou S, Wang J. Local activation of cardiac stem cells for post-myocardial infarction cardiac repair. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:2549-63. [PMID: 22613044 PMCID: PMC4118225 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and resultant chronic heart failure remains extremely poor despite continuous advancements in optimal medical therapy and interventional procedures. Animal experiments and clinical trials using adult stem cell therapy following MI have shown a global improvement of myocardial function. The emergence of stem cell transplantation approaches has recently represented promising alternatives to stimulate myocardial regeneration. Regarding their tissue-specific properties, cardiac stem cells (CSCs) residing within the heart have advantages over other stem cell types to be the best cell source for cell transplantation. However, time-consuming and costly procedures to expanse cells prior to cell transplantation and the reliability of cell culture and expansion may both be major obstacles in the clinical application of CSC-based transplantation therapy after MI. The recognition that the adult heart possesses endogenous CSCs that can regenerate cardiomyocytes and vascular cells has raised the unique therapeutic strategy to reconstitute dead myocardium via activating these cells post-MI. Several strategies, such as growth factors, mircoRNAs and drugs, may be implemented to potentiate endogenous CSCs to repair infarcted heart without cell transplantation. Most molecular and cellular mechanism involved in the process of CSC-based endogenous regeneration after MI is far from understanding. This article reviews current knowledge opening up the possibilities of cardiac repair through CSCs activation in situ in the setting of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzhi Wen
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields inhibits T-type calcium channels via AA/LTE4 signaling pathway. Cell Calcium 2014; 55:48-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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