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Bryl R, Nawrocki MJ, Jopek K, Kaczmarek M, Bukowska D, Antosik P, Mozdziak P, Zabel M, Dzięgiel P, Kempisty B. Transcriptomic Characterization of Genes Regulating the Stemness in Porcine Atrial Cardiomyocytes during Primary In Vitro Culture. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1223. [PMID: 37372403 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure remains a major cause of death worldwide. There is a need to establish new management options as current treatment is frequently suboptimal. Clinical approaches based on autologous stem cell transplant is potentially a good alternative. The heart was long considered an organ unable to regenerate and renew. However, several reports imply that it may possess modest intrinsic regenerative potential. To allow for detailed characterization of cell cultures, whole transcriptome profiling was performed after 0, 7, 15, and 30 days of in vitro cell cultures (IVC) from the right atrial appendage and right atrial wall utilizing microarray technology. In total, 4239 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with ratio > abs |2| and adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05 for the right atrial wall and 4662 DEGs for the right atrial appendage were identified. It was shown that a subset of DEGs, which have demonstrated some regulation of expression levels with the duration of the cell culture, were enriched in the following GO BP (Gene Ontology Biological Process) terms: "stem cell population maintenance" and "stem cell proliferation". The results were validated by RT-qPCR. The establishment and detailed characterization of in vitro culture of myocardial cells may be important for future applications of these cells in heart regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Bryl
- Section of Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Natural Sciences Club, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz J Nawrocki
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Karol Jopek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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Firouzi F, Echeagaray O, Esquer C, Gude NA, Sussman MA. 'Youthful' phenotype of c-Kit + cardiac fibroblasts. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:424. [PMID: 35841449 PMCID: PMC10544823 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblast (CF) population heterogeneity and plasticity present a challenge for categorization of biological and functional properties. Distinct molecular markers and associated signaling pathways provide valuable insight for CF biology and interventional strategies to influence injury response and aging-associated remodeling. Receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit mediates cell survival, proliferation, migration, and is activated by pathological injury. However, the biological significance of c-Kit within CF population has not been addressed. An inducible reporter mouse detects c-Kit promoter activation with Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) expression in cardiac cells. Coincidence of EGFP and c-Kit with the DDR2 fibroblast marker was confirmed using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, CFs expressing DDR2 with or without c-Kit was isolated and characterized. A subset of DDR2+ CFs also express c-Kit with coincidence in ~ 8% of total cardiac interstitial cells (CICs). Aging is associated with decreased number of c-Kit expressing DDR2+ CFs, whereas pathological injury induces c-Kit and DDR2 as well as the frequency of coincident expression in CICs. scRNA-Seq profiling reveals the transcriptome of c-Kit expressing CFs as cells with transitional phenotype. Cultured cardiac DDR2+ fibroblasts that are c-Kit+ exhibit morphological and functional characteristics consistent with youthful phenotypes compared to c-Kit- cells. Mechanistically, c-Kit expression correlates with signaling implicated in proliferation and cell migration, including phospho-ERK and pro-caspase 3. The phenotype of c-kit+ on DDR2+ CFs correlates with multiple characteristics of 'youthful' cells. To our knowledge, this represents the first evaluation of c-Kit biology within DDR2+ CF population and provides a fundamental basis for future studies to influence myocardial biology, response to pathological injury and physiological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareheh Firouzi
- SDSU Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Oscar Echeagaray
- SDSU Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Carolina Esquer
- SDSU Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Natalie A Gude
- SDSU Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- SDSU Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
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Garoffolo G, Casaburo M, Amadeo F, Salvi M, Bernava G, Piacentini L, Chimenti I, Zaccagnini G, Milcovich G, Zuccolo E, Agrifoglio M, Ragazzini S, Baasansuren O, Cozzolino C, Chiesa M, Ferrari S, Carbonaro D, Santoro R, Manzoni M, Casalis L, Raucci A, Molinari F, Menicanti L, Pagano F, Ohashi T, Martelli F, Massai D, Colombo GI, Messina E, Morbiducci U, Pesce M. Reduction of Cardiac Fibrosis by Interference With YAP-Dependent Transactivation. Circ Res 2022; 131:239-257. [PMID: 35770662 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conversion of cardiac stromal cells into myofibroblasts is typically associated with hypoxia conditions, metabolic insults, and/or inflammation, all of which are predisposing factors to cardiac fibrosis and heart failure. We hypothesized that this conversion could be also mediated by response of these cells to mechanical cues through activation of the Hippo transcriptional pathway. The objective of the present study was to assess the role of cellular/nuclear straining forces acting in myofibroblast differentiation of cardiac stromal cells under the control of YAP (yes-associated protein) transcription factor and to validate this finding using a pharmacological agent that interferes with the interactions of the YAP/TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) complex with their cognate transcription factors TEADs (TEA domain transcription factors), under high-strain and profibrotic stimulation. METHODS We employed high content imaging, 2-dimensional/3-dimensional culture, atomic force microscopy mapping, and molecular methods to prove the role of cell/nuclear straining in YAP-dependent fibrotic programming in a mouse model of ischemia-dependent cardiac fibrosis and in human-derived primitive cardiac stromal cells. We also tested treatment of cells with Verteporfin, a drug known to prevent the association of the YAP/TAZ complex with their cognate transcription factors TEADs. RESULTS Our experiments suggested that pharmacologically targeting the YAP-dependent pathway overrides the profibrotic activation of cardiac stromal cells by mechanical cues in vitro, and that this occurs even in the presence of profibrotic signaling mediated by TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor beta-1). In vivo administration of Verteporfin in mice with permanent cardiac ischemia reduced significantly fibrosis and morphometric remodeling but did not improve cardiac performance. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that preventing molecular translation of mechanical cues in cardiac stromal cells reduces the impact of cardiac maladaptive remodeling with a positive effect on fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Garoffolo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Manuel Casaburo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Francesco Amadeo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Massimo Salvi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | - Giacomo Bernava
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Luca Piacentini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Science and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome (I.C., C.C.).,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli (I.C.)
| | | | | | - Estella Zuccolo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Marco Agrifoglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy (M.A.)
| | - Sara Ragazzini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Otgon Baasansuren
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (O.B., T.O.)
| | - Claudia Cozzolino
- Department of Medical Surgical Science and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome (I.C., C.C.)
| | - Mattia Chiesa
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Silvia Ferrari
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Dario Carbonaro
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | - Rosaria Santoro
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Martina Manzoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | | | - Angela Raucci
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Filippo Molinari
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | | | - Francesca Pagano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Council of Research (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Italy (F.P.)
| | - Toshiro Ohashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (O.B., T.O.)
| | | | - Diana Massai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | - Gualtiero I Colombo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Pediatrics and Infant Neuropsychiatry. Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome (E.M.)
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
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Omatsu-Kanbe M, Fukunaga R, Mi X, Matsuura H. Atypically Shaped Cardiomyocytes (ACMs): The Identification, Characterization and New Insights into a Subpopulation of Cardiomyocytes. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070896. [PMID: 35883452 PMCID: PMC9313223 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult mammalian heart, no data have yet shown the existence of cardiomyocyte-differentiable stem cells that can be used to practically repair the injured myocardium. Atypically shaped cardiomyocytes (ACMs) are found in cultures of the cardiomyocyte-removed fraction obtained from cardiac ventricles from neonatal to aged mice. ACMs are thought to be a subpopulation of cardiomyocytes or immature cardiomyocytes, most closely resembling cardiomyocytes due to their spontaneous beating, well-organized sarcomere and the expression of cardiac-specific proteins, including some fetal cardiac gene proteins. In this review, we focus on the characteristics of ACMs compared with ventricular myocytes and discuss whether these cells can be substitutes for damaged cardiomyocytes. ACMs reside in the interstitial spaces among ventricular myocytes and survive under severely hypoxic conditions fatal to ventricular myocytes. ACMs have not been observed to divide or proliferate, similar to cardiomyocytes, but they maintain their ability to fuse with each other. Thus, it is worthwhile to understand the role of ACMs and especially how these cells perform cell fusion or function independently in vivo. It may aid in the development of new approaches to cell therapy to protect the injured heart or the clarification of the pathogenesis underlying arrhythmia in the injured heart.
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Docshin PM, Karpov AA, Mametov MV, Ivkin DY, Kostareva AA, Malashicheva AB. Mechanisms of Regenerative Potential Activation in Cardiac Mesenchymal Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1283. [PMID: 35740305 PMCID: PMC9220771 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery of the contractile function of the heart and the regeneration of the myocardium after ischemic injury are contemporary issues in regenerative medicine and cell biology. This study aimed to analyze early transcriptional events in cardiac tissue after infarction and to explore the cell population that can be isolated from myocardial tissue. We induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery and showed a change in the expression pattern of Notch-associated genes and Bmp2/Runx2 in post-MI tissues using RNA sequencing and RT-PCR. We obtained primary cardiac mesenchymal cell (CMC) cultures from postinfarction myocardium by enzymatic dissociation of tissues, which retained part of the activation stimulus and had a pronounced proliferative potential, assessed using a "xCELLigence" real-time system. Hypoxia in vitro also causes healthy CMCs to overexpress Notch-associated genes and Bmp2/Runx2. Exogenous activation of the Notch signaling pathway by lentiviral transduction of healthy CMCs resulted in a dose-dependent activation of the Runx2 transcription factor but did not affect the activity of the Bmp2 factor. Thus, the results of this study showed that acute hypoxic stress could cause short-term activation of the embryonic signaling pathways Notch and Bmp in CMCs, and this interaction is closely related to the processes of early myocardial remodeling after a heart attack. The ability to correctly modulate and control the corresponding signals in the heart can help increase the regenerative capacity of the myocardium before the formation of fibrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel M. Docshin
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia; (P.M.D.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Andrei A. Karpov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 194156 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Center of Experimental Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Malik V. Mametov
- Department of Pathophysiology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Y. Ivkin
- Center of Experimental Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Anna A. Kostareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia; (P.M.D.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Anna B. Malashicheva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia; (P.M.D.); (A.A.K.)
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Decreased expression of ErbB2 on left ventricular epicardial cells in patients with diabetes mellitus. Cell Signal 2022; 96:110360. [PMID: 35609807 PMCID: PMC9671200 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the cell surface expression of ErbB receptors on left ventricular (LV) epicardial endothelial cells and CD105+ cells obtained from cardiac biopsies of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG). Endothelial cells and CD105+ non-endothelial cells were freshly isolated from LV epicardial biopsies obtained from 15 subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 8 controls. The expression of ErbB receptors was examined using flow cytometry. We found that diabetes mellitus (DM) and high levels of hemoglobin A1C are associated with reduced expression of ErbB2. To determine if the expression of ErbB2 receptors is regulated by glucose levels, we examined the effect of high Glucose in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) and CD105+ non-endothelial cells, using a novel flow cytometric approach to simultaneously determine the total level, cell surface expression, and phosphorylation of ErbB2. Incubation of cells in the presence of 25 mM d-glucose resulted in decreased cell surface but not total levels of ErbB2. The level of ErbB2 at the cell surface is controlled by disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) that is expressed on LV epicardial cells. Inhibition of ADAM10 prevented the high glucose-dependent decrease in the cell surface expression of ErbB2. We suggest that high Glucose depresses ErbB receptor signaling in endothelial cells and cardiac progenitor cells via the promotion of ADAM10-dependent cleavage of ErbB2 at the cell surface, thus contributing to vascular dysfunction and adverse remodeling seen in diabetic patients.
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Gao L, Li X, Tan R, Cui J, Schmull S. Human-derived decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold incorporating autologous bone marrow stem cells from patients with congenital heart disease for cardiac tissue engineering. Biomed Mater Eng 2022; 33:407-421. [PMID: 35180106 DOI: 10.3233/bme-211368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells are used as an alternative treatment option for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) due to their regenerative potential, but they are subject to low retention rate in the injured myocardium. Also, the diseased microenvironment in the injured myocardium may not provide healthy cues for optimal stem cell function. OBJECTIVE In this study, we prepared a novel human-derived cardiac scaffold to improve the functional behaviors of stem cells. METHODS Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds were fabricated by removing cells of human-derived cardiac appendage tissues. Then, bone marrow c-kit+ progenitor cells from patients with congenital heart disease were seeded on the cardiac ECM scaffolds. Cell adhesion, survival, proliferation and cardiac differentiation on human cardiac decellularized ECM scaffold were evaluated in vitro. Label-free mass spectrometry was applied to analyze cardiac ECM proteins regulating cell behaviors. RESULTS It was shown that cardiac ECM scaffolds promoted stem cell adhesion and proliferation. Importantly, bone marrow c-kit+ progenitor cells cultured on cardiac ECM scaffold for 14 days differentiated into cardiomyocyte-like cells without supplement with any inducible factors, as confirmed by the increased protein level of Gata4 and upregulated gene levels of Gata4, Nkx2.5, and cTnT. Proteomic analysis showed the proteins in cardiac ECM functioned in multiple biological activities, including regulation of cell proliferation, regulation of cell differentiation, and cardiovascular system development. CONCLUSION The human-derived cardiac scaffold constructed in this study may help repair the damaged myocardium and hold great potential for tissue engineering application in pediatric patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Gao
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experiment Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuexia Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rubin Tan
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experiment Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experiment Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sebastian Schmull
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Beji S, D'Agostino M, Gambini E, Sileno S, Scopece A, Vinci MC, Milano G, Melillo G, Napolitano M, Pompilio G, Capogrossi MC, Avitabile D, Magenta A. Doxorubicin induces an alarmin-like TLR4-dependent autocrine/paracrine action of Nucleophosmin in human cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells. BMC Biol 2021; 19:124. [PMID: 34134693 PMCID: PMC8210386 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Doxorubicin (Dox) is an anti-cancer anthracycline drug that causes double-stranded DNA breaks. It is highly effective against several types of tumours; however, it also has adverse effects on regenerative populations of normal cells, such as human cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells (hCmPCs), and its clinical use is limited by cardiotoxicity. Another known effect of Dox is nucleolar disruption, which triggers the ubiquitously expressed nucleolar phosphoprotein Nucleophosmin (NPM) to be released from the nucleolus into the cell, where it participates in the orchestration of cellular stress responses. NPM has also been observed in the extracellular space in response to different stress stimuli; however, the mechanism behind this and its functional implications are as yet largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to establish whether Dox could elicit NPM secretion in the extracellular space and to elucidate the mechanism of secretion and the effect of extracellular NPM on hCmPCs. Results We found that following the double-strand break formation in hCmPCs caused by Dox, NPM was rapidly secreted in the extracellular space by an active mechanism, in the absence of either apoptosis or necrosis. Extracellular release of NPM was similarly seen in response to ultraviolet radiation (UV). Furthermore, we observed an increase of NPM levels in the plasma of Dox-treated mice; thus, NPM release also occurred in vivo. The treatment of hCmPCs with extracellular recombinant NPM induced a decrease of cell proliferation and a response mediated through the Toll-like receptor (TLR)4. We demonstrated that NPM binds to TLR4, and via TLR4, and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) activation/nuclear translocation, exerts proinflammatory functions by inducing IL-6 and COX-2 gene expression. Finally, we found that in hCmPCs, NPM secretion could be driven by an autophagy-dependent unconventional mechanism that requires TLR4, since TLR4 inhibition dramatically reduced Dox-induced secretion. Conclusions We hypothesise that the extracellular release of NPM could be a general response to DNA damage since it can be elicited by either a chemical agent such as Dox or a physical genotoxic stressor such as UV radiation. Following genotoxic stress, NPM acts similarly to an alarmin in hCmPCs, being rapidly secreted and promoting cell cycle arrest and a TLR4/NFκB-dependent inflammatory response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01058-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Beji
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco D'Agostino
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Gambini
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sileno
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scopece
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Vinci
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio C Capogrossi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniele Avitabile
- Idi Farmaceutici S.r.l., Via dei Castelli Romani 83/85, 00071, Pomezia (Rome), Italy.
| | - Alessandra Magenta
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Translational Pharmacology IFT, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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9
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Eskandari A, Soori R, Choobineh S, Mazaheri Tirani Z. Exercise promotes heart regeneration in aged rats by increasing regenerative factors in myocardial tissue. Physiol Int 2021; 107:166-176. [PMID: 32490852 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced stem cell activation is implicated in cardiovascular regeneration. However, ageing limits the capacity of cellular and molecular remodelling of the heart. It has been shown that exercise improves structure regeneration and function in the process of ageing. Aged male Wistar rats (n = 24) were divided into three groups: Control (CO), High-intensity interval training (HIIT) (80-100% of the maximum speed), and continuous endurance training (CET) (60-70% of the maximum speed) groups. Training groups were trained for 6 weeks. The expression of the Nkx2.5 gene was determined by real-time (RT-PCRs) analysis. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess the C-kit positive cardiac progenitor and Ki67 positive cells. The mRNA level of Nkx2.5 was significantly increased in the CET and HIIT groups (P < 0.05). Also, cardiac progenitor cells positive for C-kit were increased in both the CET and HIIT groups (P < 0.05). Exercise training improved the ejection fraction and fractional shortening in both training groups (P < 0.05). This study indicated that training initiates the activation of cardiac progenitor cells, leading to the generation of new myocardial cells (R = 0.737, P = 0.001). It seems that C-kit positive cells in training groups showed an increase in the expression of some transcription factors (Nkx2.5 gene), representing an increased regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes during the training period. These findings suggest that the endogenous regenerative capacity of the adult heart, mediated by cardiac stem cells, would be increased in response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eskandari
- 1Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Soori
- 1Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Choobineh
- 1Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Mazaheri Tirani
- 2Basic Medical Science Research Center, Histogenotech Co., Tehran, Iran
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10
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McQuaig R, Dixit P, Yamauchi A, Van Hout I, Papannarao JB, Bunton R, Parry D, Davis P, Katare R. Combination of Cardiac Progenitor Cells From the Right Atrium and Left Ventricle Exhibits Synergistic Paracrine Effects In Vitro. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720972328. [PMID: 33153286 PMCID: PMC7784587 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720972328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, remain the most common cause of death worldwide. Regenerative medicine with stem cell therapy is a promising tool for cardiac repair. Combination of different cell types has been shown to improve the therapeutic potential, which is thought to be due to synergistic or complimentary reparative effects. We investigated if the combination of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) of right atrial appendage (RAA) and left ventricle (LV) that are isolated from the same patient exert synergistic or complimentary paracrine effects for apoptotic cell death and angiogenesis in an in vitro model. Flow cytometry analysis showed that both RAA and LV CPCs expressed the mesenchymal cell markers CD90 and CD105, and were predominantly negative for the hematopoietic cell marker, CD34. Analysis of conditioned media (CM) collected from the CPCs cultured either alone or in combination in serum-deprived hypoxic conditions to simulate ischemia showed marked increase in the level of pro-survival hepatocyte growth factor and pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor-A in the combined RAA and LV CPC group. Next, to determine the therapeutic potential of CM, AC16 human ventricular cardiomyocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with CM. Results showed a significant reduction in hypoxia-induced apoptosis of human cardiomyocytes treated with CM collected from combined RAA and LV CPC group. Similarly, matrigel assay showed a significantly increased tube length formed by HUVECs when treated with CM from combined RAA and LV CPC group. Our study provided evidence that the combination of RAA CPCs and LV CPCs may have superior therapeutic effects due to synergistic paracrine effects for cardiac repair. Therefore, in vivo studies are warranted to determine if a combination of different stem cell types have greater therapeutic potential than single-cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan McQuaig
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Parul Dixit
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Atsushi Yamauchi
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Isabelle Van Hout
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jayanthi Bellae Papannarao
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard Bunton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Dominic Parry
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Philip Davis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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11
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Gambini E, Martinelli I, Stadiotti I, Vinci MC, Scopece A, Eramo L, Sommariva E, Resta J, Benaouadi S, Cogliati E, Paolin A, Parini A, Pompilio G, Savagner F. Differences in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Identify Distinct Populations of Human Cardiac Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207467. [PMID: 33050449 PMCID: PMC7590175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult human cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells (hCmPC) are multipotent resident populations involved in cardiac homeostasis and heart repair. Even if the mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated, the stem cell differentiation is guided by the mitochondrial metabolism; however, mitochondrial approaches to identify hCmPC with enhanced stemness and/or differentiation capability for cellular therapy are not established. Here we demonstrated that hCmPCs sorted for low and high mitochondrial membrane potential (using a lipophilic cationic dye tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester, TMRM), presented differences in energy metabolism from preferential glycolysis to oxidative rates. TMRM-high cells are highly efficient in terms of oxygen consumption rate, basal and maximal respiration, and spare respiratory capacity compared to TMRM-low cells. TMRM-high cells showed characteristics of pre-committed cells and were associated with higher in vitro differentiation capacity through endothelial, cardiac-like, and, to a lesser extent, adipogenic and chondro/osteogenic cell lineage, when compared with TMRM-low cells. Conversely, TMRM-low showed higher self-renewal potential. To conclude, we identified two hCmPC populations with different metabolic profile, stemness maturity, and differentiation potential. Our findings suggest that metabolic sorting can isolate cells with higher regenerative capacity and/or long-term survival. This metabolism-based strategy to select cells may be broadly applicable to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gambini
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilenia Martinelli
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Maria Cristina Vinci
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Alessandro Scopece
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Luana Eramo
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Jessica Resta
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Sabrina Benaouadi
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Elisa Cogliati
- Treviso Tissue Bank Foundation, Via Antonio Scarpa 9, 31100 Treviso, Italy; (E.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Adolfo Paolin
- Treviso Tissue Bank Foundation, Via Antonio Scarpa 9, 31100 Treviso, Italy; (E.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Angelo Parini
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Frederique Savagner
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
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12
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Lippi M, Stadiotti I, Pompilio G, Sommariva E. Human Cell Modeling for Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6388. [PMID: 32887493 PMCID: PMC7503257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of appropriate and reliable in vitro cell models recapitulating human cardiovascular diseases has been the aim of numerous researchers, in order to retrace pathologic phenotypes, elucidate molecular mechanisms, and discover therapies using simple and reproducible techniques. In the past years, several human cell types have been utilized for these goals, including heterologous systems, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular primary cells, and embryonic stem cells. The introduction of induced pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation potential brought new prospects for large-scale cardiovascular experiments, bypassing ethical concerns of embryonic stem cells and providing an advanced tool for disease modeling, diagnosis, and therapy. Each model has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of accessibility, maintenance, throughput, physiological relevance, recapitulation of the disease. A higher level of complexity in diseases modeling has been achieved with multicellular co-cultures. Furthermore, the important progresses reached by bioengineering during the last years, together with the opportunities given by pluripotent stem cells, have allowed the generation of increasingly advanced in vitro three-dimensional tissue-like constructs mimicking in vivo physiology. This review provides an overview of the main cell models used in cardiovascular research, highlighting the pros and cons of each, and describing examples of practical applications in disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Lippi
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
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13
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Rallapalli S, Guhathakurta S, Korrapati PS. Isolation, growth kinetics, and immunophenotypic characterization of adult human cardiac progenitor cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1840-1853. [PMID: 33242343 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) has raised expectations for the development of cell-based therapy of the heart. Although cell therapy is emerging as a novel treatment for heart failure, several issues still exist concerning an unambiguous definition of the phenotype of CPC types. There is a need to define and validate the methods for the generation of quality CPC populations used in cell therapy applications. Considering the critical roles of cardiac cell progenitors in cellular therapy, we speculate that long term culture might modulate the immunophenotypes of CPCs. Hence, a strategy to validate the isolation and cell culture expansion of cardiac cell populations was devised. Isolation of three subpopulations of human CPCs was done from a single tissue sample using explant, enzymatic isolation, and c-kit+ immunomagnetic sorting methods. The study assessed the effects of ex vivo expansion on proliferation, immunophenotypes, and differentiation of CPCs. Additionally, we report that an explant culture can take over 2 months to achieve similar cell yields, and cell sorting requires a much larger starting population to match this expansion time frame. In comparison, an enzymatic method is expected to yield equivalent quantities of CPCs in 2-3 weeks, notably at a significantly lower cost, which may intensify their use in therapeutic approaches. We determined that ex vivo expansion caused changes in cellular characteristics, and hence propose validated molecular signatures should be established to evaluate the impact of ex vivo expansion for a safe cell therapy product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Rallapalli
- Biological Material Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, India
| | | | - Purna S Korrapati
- Biological Material Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, India
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14
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Ng WH, Yong YK, Ramasamy R, Ngalim SH, Lim V, Shaharuddin B, Tan JJ. Human Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Minimally Improve the Growth Kinetics and Cardiomyocyte Differentiation of Aged Murine Cardiac c-kit Cells in In Vitro without Rejuvenating Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225519. [PMID: 31698679 PMCID: PMC6887783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac c-kit cells show promise in regenerating an injured heart. While heart disease commonly affects elderly patients, it is unclear if autologous cardiac c-kit cells are functionally competent and applicable to these patients. This study characterised cardiac c-kit cells (CCs) from aged mice and studied the effects of human Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the growth kinetics and cardiac differentiation of aged CCs in vitro. CCs were isolated from 4-week- and 18-month-old C57/BL6N mice and were directly co-cultured with MSCs or separated by transwell insert. Clonogenically expanded aged CCs showed comparable telomere length to young CCs. However, these cells showed lower Gata4, Nkx2.5, and Sox2 gene expressions, with changes of 2.4, 3767.0, and 4.9 folds, respectively. Direct co-culture of both cells increased aged CC migration, which repopulated 54.6 ± 4.4% of the gap area as compared to aged CCs with MSCs in transwell (42.9 ± 2.6%) and CCs without MSCs (44.7 ± 2.5%). Both direct and transwell co-culture improved proliferation in aged CCs by 15.0% and 16.4%, respectively, as traced using carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) for three days. These data suggest that MSCs can improve the growth kinetics of aged CCs. CCs retaining intact telomere are present in old hearts and could be obtained based on their self-renewing capability. Although these aged CCs with reduced growth kinetics are improved by MSCs via cell–cell contact, the effect is minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Hoe Ng
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia; (W.H.N.); (S.H.N.); (V.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Yoke Keong Yong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
| | - Rajesh Ramasamy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
| | - Siti Hawa Ngalim
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia; (W.H.N.); (S.H.N.); (V.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia; (W.H.N.); (S.H.N.); (V.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Bakiah Shaharuddin
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia; (W.H.N.); (S.H.N.); (V.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Jun Jie Tan
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia; (W.H.N.); (S.H.N.); (V.L.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +045622422
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Sussman
- Department of Biology & Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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16
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Boffito M, Di Meglio F, Mozetic P, Giannitelli SM, Carmagnola I, Castaldo C, Nurzynska D, Sacco AM, Miraglia R, Montagnani S, Vitale N, Brancaccio M, Tarone G, Basoli F, Rainer A, Trombetta M, Ciardelli G, Chiono V. Surface functionalization of polyurethane scaffolds mimicking the myocardial microenvironment to support cardiac primitive cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199896. [PMID: 29979710 PMCID: PMC6034803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffolds populated with human cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) represent a therapeutic opportunity for heart regeneration after myocardial infarction. In this work, square-grid scaffolds are prepared by melt-extrusion additive manufacturing from a polyurethane (PU), further subjected to plasma treatment for acrylic acid surface grafting/polymerization and finally grafted with laminin-1 (PU-LN1) or gelatin (PU-G) by carbodiimide chemistry. LN1 is a cardiac niche extracellular matrix component and plays a key role in heart formation during embryogenesis, while G is a low-cost cell-adhesion protein, here used as a control functionalizing molecule. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows nitrogen percentage increase after functionalization. O1s and C1s core-level spectra and static contact angle measurements show changes associated with successful functionalization. ELISA assay confirms LN1 surface grafting. PU-G and PU-LN1 scaffolds both improve CPC adhesion, but LN1 functionalization is superior in promoting proliferation, protection from apoptosis and expression of differentiation markers for cardiomyocytes, endothelial and smooth muscle cells. PU-LN1 and PU scaffolds are biodegraded into non-cytotoxic residues. Scaffolds subcutaneously implanted in mice evoke weak inflammation and integrate with the host tissue, evidencing a significant blood vessel density around the scaffolds. PU-LN1 scaffolds show their superiority in driving CPC behavior, evidencing their promising role in myocardial regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Franca Di Meglio
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Pamela Mozetic
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St.Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Sara Maria Giannitelli
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Carmagnola
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Clotilde Castaldo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Daria Nurzynska
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sacco
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Miraglia
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido Tarone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Basoli
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Trombetta
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
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17
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Docshin PM, Karpov AA, Eyvazova SD, Puzanov MV, Kostareva AA, Galagudza MM, Malashicheva AB. Activation of Cardiac Stem Cells in Myocardial Infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x18030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Sommariva E, Stadiotti I, Perrucci GL, Tondo C, Pompilio G. Cell models of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: advances and opportunities. Dis Model Mech 2018; 10:823-835. [PMID: 28679668 PMCID: PMC5536909 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a rare genetic disease that is mostly inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. It is associated predominantly with mutations in desmosomal genes and is characterized by the replacement of the ventricular myocardium with fibrous fatty deposits, arrhythmias and a high risk of sudden death. In vitro studies have contributed to our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this disease, including its genetic determinants, as well as its cellular, signaling and molecular defects. Here, we review what is currently known about the pathogenesis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and focus on the in vitro models that have advanced our understanding of the disease. Finally, we assess the potential of established and innovative cell platforms for elucidating unknown aspects of this disease, and for screening new potential therapeutic agents. This appraisal of in vitro models of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy highlights the discoveries made about this disease and the uses of these models for future basic and therapeutic research. Summary:In vitro models of ACM provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of this disease. This reappraisal offers a comprehensive vision of past discoveries and constitutes a tool for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Gianluca L Perrucci
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Claudio Tondo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan 20122, Italy.,Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan 20122, Italy
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19
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Gerisch M, Smettan J, Ebert S, Athelogou M, Brand-Saberi B, Spindler N, Mueller WC, Giri S, Bader A. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Cases of Myocarditis and Cardiomyopathy. Front Genet 2018; 9:72. [PMID: 29559994 PMCID: PMC5845648 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify and quantify CD117+ and CD90+ endogenous cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) in human healthy and diseased hearts. We hypothesize that these cells perform a locally acting, contributing function in overcoming medical conditions of the heart by endogenous means. Human myocardium biopsies were obtained from 23 patients with the following diagnoses: Dilatative cardiomyopathy (DCM), ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), myocarditis, and controls from healthy cardiac patients. High-resolution scanning microscopy of the whole slide enabled a computer-based immunohistochemical quantification of CD117 and CD90. Those signals were evaluated by Definiens Tissue Phenomics® Technology. Co-localization of CD117 and CD90 was determined by analyzing comparable serial sections. CD117+/CD90+ cardiac cells were detected in all biopsies. The highest expression of CD90 was revealed in the myocarditis group. CD117 was significantly higher in all patient groups, compared to healthy specimens (*p < 0.05). The highest co-expression was found in the myocarditis group (6.75 ± 3.25 CD90+CD117+ cells/mm2) followed by ICM (4 ± 1.89 cells/mm2), DCM (1.67 ± 0.58 cells/mm2), and healthy specimens (1 ± 0.43 cells/mm2). We conclude that the human heart comprises a fraction of local CD117+ and CD90+ cells. We hypothesize that these cells are part of local endogenous progenitor cells due to the co-expression of CD90 and CD117. With novel digital image analysis technologies, a quantification of the CD117 and CD90 signals is available. Our experiments reveal an increase of CD117 and CD90 in patients with myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Gerisch
- Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Technology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Smettan
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Ebert
- Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Technology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nick Spindler
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf C Mueller
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shibashish Giri
- Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Technology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Munich Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Augustinus Bader
- Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Technology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Pilato CA, Stadiotti I, Maione AS, Saverio V, Catto V, Tundo F, Dello Russo A, Tondo C, Pompilio G, Casella M, Sommariva E. Isolation and Characterization of Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Endomyocardial Bioptic Samples of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Patients. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29553539 PMCID: PMC5931414 DOI: 10.3791/57263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A normal adult heart is composed of several different cell types, among which cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells represent an abundant population. The isolation of these cells offers the possibility of studying their involvement in cardiac diseases, and, in addition, provides a useful primary cell model to investigate biological mechanisms. Here, the method for the isolation of C-MSC from arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy patients' bioptic samples is described. The endomyocardial biopsy sampling is guided in the right ventricular areas adjacent to the scar visualized by electro-anatomical mapping. The digestion of the biopsies in collagenase and their plating on a plastic dish in culture medium to allow C-MSC growth is described. The isolated cells can be expanded in culture for several passages. To confirm their mesenchymal phenotype, the description of immuno-phenotypical characterization is provided. C-MSC are able to differentiate into several cell types like adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts: in the context of ACM, characterized by adipocyte deposits in patients' hearts, the protocols for the adipogenic differentiation of C-MSC and the characterization of lipid droplet accumulation are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Assunta Pilato
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS
| | - Angela Serena Maione
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS
| | - Valentina Saverio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS
| | | | | | | | - Claudio Tondo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano; Heart Rhythm Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | | | - Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS;
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21
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Gambini E, Perrucci GL, Bassetti B, Spaltro G, Campostrini G, Lionetti MC, Pilozzi A, Martinelli F, Farruggia A, DiFrancesco D, Barbuti A, Pompilio G. Preferential myofibroblast differentiation of cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells in the presence of atrial fibrillation. Transl Res 2018; 192:54-67. [PMID: 29245016 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by electrical, contractile, and structural remodeling mediated by interstitial fibrosis. It has been shown that human cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells (CMPCs) can be differentiated into endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblast cells. Here, we have investigated, for the first time, the contribution of CMPCs in the fibrotic process occurring in AF. As expected, right auricolae samples displayed significantly higher fibrosis in AF vs control (CTR) patients. In tissue samples of AF patients only, double staining for c-kit and the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was detected. The number of c-kit-positive CMPC was higher in atrial subepicardial regions of CTR than AF cells. AF-derived CMPC (AF-CMPC) and CTR-derived CMPC (Ctr-CMPC) were phenotypically similar, except for CD90 and c-kit, which were significantly more present in AF and CTR cells, respectively. Moreover, AF showed a lower rate of population doubling and fold enrichment vs Ctr-CMPC. When exogenously challenged with the profibrotic transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), AF-CMPC showed a significantly higher nuclear translocation of SMAD2 than Ctr-CMPC. In addition, TGF-β1 treatment induced the upregulation of COL1A1 and COL1A2 in AF-CMPC only. Further, both a marked production of soluble collagen and α-SMA upregulation have been observed in AF-CMPC only. Finally, electrophysiological studies showed that the inwardly rectifying potassium current (IK1) was evenly present in AF- and Ctr-CMPC in basal conditions and similarly disappeared after TGF-β1 exposure. All together, these data suggest that AF steers the resident atrial CMPC compartment toward an electrically inert profibrotic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gambini
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Lorenzo Perrucci
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bassetti
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Spaltro
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Campostrini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Lionetti
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Pilozzi
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Farruggia
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Dario DiFrancesco
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbuti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
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22
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Beji S, Milano G, Scopece A, Cicchillitti L, Cencioni C, Picozza M, D'Alessandra Y, Pizzolato S, Bertolotti M, Spaltro G, Raucci A, Piaggio G, Pompilio G, Capogrossi MC, Avitabile D, Magenta A, Gambini E. Doxorubicin upregulates CXCR4 via miR-200c/ZEB1-dependent mechanism in human cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3020. [PMID: 28837147 PMCID: PMC5596590 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOXO) treatment is limited by its cardiotoxicity, since it causes cardiac-progenitor-cell depletion. Although the cardioprotective role of the stromal cell-derived factor-1/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (SDF1/CXCR4) axis is well established, its involvement during DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity has never been investigated. We showed that in a mouse model of DOXO-induced cardiomyopathy, CXCR4+ cells were increased in response to DOXO, mainly in human cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells (CmPC), a subpopulation with regenerative potential. Our in vitro results showed a CXCR4 induction after 24 h of DOXO exposure in CmPC. SDF1 administration protected from DOXO-induced cell death and promoted CmPC migration. CXCR4 promoter analysis revealed zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) binding sites. Upon DOXO treatment, ZEB1 binding decreased and RNA-polymerase-II increased, suggesting a DOXO-mediated transcriptional increase in CXCR4. Indeed, DOXO induced the upregulation of miR-200c, that directly targets ZEB1. SDF1 administration in DOXO-treated mice partially reverted the adverse remodeling, decreasing left ventricular (LV) end diastolic volume, LV ejection fraction and LV anterior wall thickness in diastole, recovering LV end systolic pressure and reducing±dP/dt. Moreover, in vivo administration of SDF1 partially reverted DOXO-induced miR-200c and p53 protein upregulation in mouse hearts. In addition, downmodulation of ZEB1 mRNA and protein by DOXO was significantly increased by SDF1. In keeping, p21 mRNA, that is induced by p53 and inhibited by ZEB1, is induced by DOXO treatment and is decreased by SDF1 administration. This study showed new players of the DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity, that can be exploited to ameliorate DOXO-associated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Beji
- Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, Rome 00167, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital Lausanne; Rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Scopece
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Lucia Cicchillitti
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Chiara Cencioni
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, Rome 00143, Italy
| | - Mario Picozza
- Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, Rome 00167, Italy
| | - Yuri D'Alessandra
- Immunology and Functional Genomics Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino (CCM), IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Sarah Pizzolato
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertolotti
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino (CCM), IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Gabriella Spaltro
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Angela Raucci
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino (CCM), IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Maurizio C Capogrossi
- Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, Rome 00167, Italy
| | - Daniele Avitabile
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Alessandra Magenta
- Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, Rome 00167, Italy
| | - Elisa Gambini
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
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23
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Chimenti I, Massai D, Morbiducci U, Beltrami AP, Pesce M, Messina E. Stem Cell Spheroids and Ex Vivo Niche Modeling: Rationalization and Scaling-Up. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2017; 10:150-166. [PMID: 28289983 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Improved protocols/devices for in vitro culture of 3D cell spheroids may provide essential cues for proper growth and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells (S/PCs) in their niche, allowing preservation of specific features, such as multi-lineage potential and paracrine activity. Several platforms have been employed to replicate these conditions and to generate S/PC spheroids for therapeutic applications. However, they incompletely reproduce the niche environment, with partial loss of its highly regulated network, with additional hurdles in the field of cardiac biology, due to debated resident S/PCs therapeutic potential and clinical translation. In this contribution, the essential niche conditions (metabolic, geometric, mechanical) that allow S/PCs maintenance/commitment will be discussed. In particular, we will focus on both existing bioreactor-based platforms for the culture of S/PC as spheroids, and on possible criteria for the scaling-up of niche-like spheroids, which could be envisaged as promising tools for personalized cardiac regenerative medicine, as well as for high-throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Massai
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Pesce
- Tissue Engineering Research Unit, "Centro Cardiologico Monzino", IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Pediatrics and Infant Neuropsychiatry, "Umberto I" Hospital, "La Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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24
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Pesce M, Santoro R. Feeling the right force: How to contextualize the cell mechanical behavior in physiologic turnover and pathologic evolution of the cardiovascular system. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 171:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Ahmed N, Khan I, Begum S, Salim A. Effect of 2,4-Dinitrophenol preconditioning on the expression levels of mesenchymal markers in neonatal cardiac progenitors. Hellenic J Cardiol 2017; 58:98-102. [PMID: 28163152 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Ahmed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sumreen Begum
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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26
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Pesce M, Messina E, Chimenti I, Beltrami AP. Cardiac Mechanoperception: A Life-Long Story from Early Beats to Aging and Failure. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 26:77-90. [PMID: 27736363 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The life-long story of the heart starts concomitantly with primary differentiation events occurring in multipotent progenitors located in the so-called heart tube. This initially tubular structure starts a looping process, which leads to formation of the final four-chambered heart with a primary contribution of geometric and position-associated cell sensing. While this establishes the correct patterning of the final cardiac structure, it also provides feedbacks to fundamental cellular machineries controlling proliferation and differentiation, thus ensuring a coordinated restriction of cell growth and a myocyte terminal differentiation. Novel evidences provided by embryological and cell engineering studies have clarified the relevance of mechanics-supported position sensing for the correct recognition of cell fate inside developing embryos and multicellular aggregates. One of the main components of this pathway, the Hippo-dependent signal transduction machinery, is responsible for cell mechanics intracellular transduction with important consequences for gene transcription and cell growth control. Being the Hippo pathway also directly connected to stress responses and altered metabolism, it is tempting to speculate that permanent alterations of mechanosensing may account for modifying self-renewal control in tissue homeostasis. In the present contribution, we translate these concepts to the aging process and the failing of the human heart, two pathophysiologic conditions that are strongly affected by stress responses and altered metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Pesce
- 1 Tissue Engineering Research Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS , Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Messina
- 2 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, "Sapienza" University , Rome, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- 3 Department of Medical Surgical Science and Biotechnology, "Sapienza" University , Rome, Italy
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27
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Cencioni C, Atlante S, Savoia M, Martelli F, Farsetti A, Capogrossi MC, Zeiher AM, Gaetano C, Spallotta F. The double life of cardiac mesenchymal cells: Epimetabolic sensors and therapeutic assets for heart regeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 171:43-55. [PMID: 27742569 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Organ-specific mesenchymal cells naturally reside in the stroma, where they are exposed to some environmental variables affecting their biology and functions. Risk factors such as diabetes or aging influence their adaptive response. In these cases, permanent epigenetic modifications may be introduced in the cells with important consequences on their local homeostatic activity and therapeutic potential. Numerous results suggest that mesenchymal cells, virtually present in every organ, may contribute to tissue regeneration mostly by paracrine mechanisms. Intriguingly, the heart is emerging as a source of different cells, including pericytes, cardiac progenitors, and cardiac fibroblasts. According to phenotypic, functional, and molecular criteria, these should be classified as mesenchymal cells. Not surprisingly, in recent years, the attention on these cells as therapeutic tools has grown exponentially, although only very preliminary data have been obtained in clinical trials to date. In this review, we summarized the state of the art about the phenotypic features, functions, regenerative properties, and clinical applicability of mesenchymal cells, with a particular focus on those of cardiac origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cencioni
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany; Internal Medicine Clinic III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany.
| | - Sandra Atlante
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany; Internal Medicine Clinic III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany.
| | - Matteo Savoia
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany; Universitá Cattolica, Institute of Medical Pathology, 00138 Rome, Italy; Internal Medicine Clinic III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany.
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan 20097, Italy.
| | - Antonella Farsetti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Roma, Italy; Internal Medicine Clinic III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany.
| | - Maurizio C Capogrossi
- Laboratorio di Patologia Vascolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Roma, Italy.
| | - Andreas M Zeiher
- Internal Medicine Clinic III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany.
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany; Internal Medicine Clinic III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany.
| | - Francesco Spallotta
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany; Internal Medicine Clinic III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany.
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28
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The human amniotic fluid stem cell secretome effectively counteracts doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29994. [PMID: 27444332 PMCID: PMC4956770 DOI: 10.1038/srep29994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The anthracycline doxorubicin (Dox) is widely used in oncology, but it may cause a cardiomyopathy with bleak prognosis that cannot be effectively prevented. The secretome of human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (hAFS) has previously been demonstrated to significantly reduce ischemic cardiac damage. Here it is shown that, following hypoxic preconditioning, hAFS conditioned medium (hAFS-CM) antagonizes senescence and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and cardiac progenitor cells, two major features of Dox cardiotoxicity. Mechanistic studies with mouse neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes (mNVCM) reveal that hAFS-CM inhibition of Dox-elicited senescence and apoptosis is associated with decreased DNA damage, nuclear translocation of NF-kB, and upregulation of the NF-kB controlled genes, Il6 and Cxcl1, promoting mNVCM survival. Furthermore, hAFS-CM induces expression of the efflux transporter, Abcb1b, and Dox extrusion from mNVCM. The PI3K/Akt signaling cascade, upstream of NF-kB, is potently activated by hAFS-CM and pre-treatment with a PI3K inhibitor abrogates NF-kB accumulation into the nucleus, modulation of Il6, Cxcl1 and Abcb1b, and prevention of Dox-initiated senescence and apoptosis in response to hAFS-CM. These results support the concept that hAFS are a valuable source of cardioprotective factors and lay the foundations for the development of a stem cell-based paracrine treatment of chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity.
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29
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Sommariva E, Brambilla S, Carbucicchio C, Gambini E, Meraviglia V, Dello Russo A, Farina FM, Casella M, Catto V, Pontone G, Chiesa M, Stadiotti I, Cogliati E, Paolin A, Ouali Alami N, Preziuso C, d'Amati G, Colombo GI, Rossini A, Capogrossi MC, Tondo C, Pompilio G. Cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells are a source of adipocytes in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2015; 37:1835-46. [PMID: 26590176 PMCID: PMC4912024 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetic disorder mainly due to mutations in desmosomal genes, characterized by progressive fibro-adipose replacement of the myocardium, arrhythmias, and sudden death. It is still unclear which cell type is responsible for fibro-adipose substitution and which molecular mechanisms lead to this structural change. Cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (C-MSC) are the most abundant cells in the heart, with propensity to differentiate into several cell types, including adipocytes, and their role in ACM is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether C-MSC contributed to excess adipocytes in patients with ACM. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that, in ACM patients' explanted heart sections, cells actively differentiating into adipocytes are of mesenchymal origin. Therefore, we isolated C-MSC from endomyocardial biopsies of ACM and from not affected by arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (NON-ACM) (control) patients. We found that both ACM and control C-MSC express desmosomal genes, with ACM C-MSC showing lower expression of plakophilin (PKP2) protein vs. CONTROLS Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy C-MSC cultured in adipogenic medium accumulated more lipid droplets than controls. Accordingly, the expression of adipogenic genes was higher in ACM vs. NON-ACM C-MSC, while expression of cell cycle and anti-adipogenic genes was lower. Both lipid accumulation and transcription reprogramming were dependent on PKP2 deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells contribute to the adipogenic substitution observed in ACM patients' hearts. Moreover, C-MSC from ACM patients recapitulate the features of ACM adipogenesis, representing a novel, scalable, patient-specific in vitro tool for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - S Brambilla
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - C Carbucicchio
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - E Gambini
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - V Meraviglia
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - A Dello Russo
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - F M Farina
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - M Casella
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - V Catto
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - G Pontone
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - M Chiesa
- Immunology and Functional Genomics Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - I Stadiotti
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - E Cogliati
- Tissue Bank of Veneto Region, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - A Paolin
- Tissue Bank of Veneto Region, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - N Ouali Alami
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - C Preziuso
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathologic Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - G d'Amati
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathologic Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - G I Colombo
- Immunology and Functional Genomics Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - A Rossini
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M C Capogrossi
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C Tondo
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - G Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Ugolini GS, Rasponi M, Pavesi A, Santoro R, Kamm R, Fiore GB, Pesce M, Soncini M. On-chip assessment of human primary cardiac fibroblasts proliferative responses to uniaxial cyclic mechanical strain. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:859-69. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering; Politecnico di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- BioSyM IRG; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology; Singapore
| | - Rosaria Santoro
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare; Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS; Milan Italy
| | - Roger Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | | | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare; Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS; Milan Italy
| | - Monica Soncini
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering; Politecnico di Milano; Milan Italy
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Jeong BC, Kim TS, Kim HS, Lee SH, Choi Y. Transmembrane protein 64 reciprocally regulates osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Bone 2015; 78:165-73. [PMID: 25979161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Age-related osteoporosis is associated with a reciprocal decrease in bone formation and an increase in adiposity in the bone marrow niche. We previously reported Transmembrane protein 64 (Tmem64) to be an important regulator of osteoclast function; however, its precise role in osteoblasts has not yet been established. Here, we showed that ablation of the Tmem64 gene in mice resulted in markedly increased osteoblast and reduced adipocyte differentiation from bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs). Conversely, Tmem64 overexpression inhibited osteogenesis and accelerated adipogenesis. Furthermore, BMSCs isolated from Tmem64 knockout mice formed a greater number of colony-forming unit-osteoblasts and a lower number of colony-forming unit-adipocytes than the wild type controls. Mechanistically, the expression level of β-catenin, the key Wnt signaling molecule, increased significantly, and its nuclear translocation was enhanced in Tmem64-deficient cells. Introduction of Tmem64 significantly suppressed β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity in an in vitro co-transfection experiment as well as during an in vivo experiment involving BAT-Gal reporter mice. These results demonstrate that Tmem64 plays an important role in the regulation of mesenchymal lineage allocation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Chul Jeong
- Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Soo Kim
- TKM-Based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seoung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, College of Dentistry and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation (CMFR), Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwon Choi
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Zakharova L, Nural-Guvener H, Feehery L, Popovic-Sljukic S, Gaballa MA. Transplantation of Epigenetically Modified Adult Cardiac c-Kit+ Cells Retards Remodeling and Improves Cardiac Function in Ischemic Heart Failure Model. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1086-96. [PMID: 26240433 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cardiac c-Kit+ cells have a modest cardiogenic potential that could limit their efficacy in heart disease treatment. The present study was designed to augment the cardiogenic potential of cardiac c-Kit+ cells through class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition and evaluate their therapeutic potency in the chronic heart failure (CHF) animal model. Myocardial infarction (MI) was created by coronary artery occlusion in rats. c-Kit+ cells were treated with mocetinostat (MOCE), a specific class I HDAC inhibitor. At 3 weeks after MI, CHF animals were retrogradely infused with untreated (control) or MOCE-treated c-Kit+ cells (MOCE/c-Kit+ cells) and evaluated at 3 weeks after cell infusion. We found that class I HDAC inhibition in c-Kit+ cells elevated the level of acetylated histone H3 (AcH3) and increased AcH3 levels in the promoter regions of pluripotent and cardiac-specific genes. Epigenetic changes were accompanied by increased expression of cardiac-specific markers. Transplantation of CHF rats with either control or MOCE/c-Kit+ cells resulted in an improvement in cardiac function, retardation of CHF remodeling made evident by increased vascularization and scar size, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy reduction. Compared with CHF infused with control cells, infusion of MOCE/c-Kit+ cells resulted in a further reduction in left ventricle end-diastolic pressure and total collagen and an increase in interleukin-6 expression. The low engraftment of infused cells suggests that paracrine effects might account for the beneficial effects of c-Kit+ cells in CHF. In conclusion, selective inhibition of class I HDACs induced expression of cardiac markers in c-Kit+ cells and partially augmented the efficacy of these cells for CHF repair. SIGNIFICANCE The study has shown that selective class 1 histone deacetylase inhibition is sufficient to redirect c-Kit+ cells toward a cardiac fate. Epigenetically modified c-Kit+ cells improved contractile function and retarded remodeling of the congestive heart failure heart. This study provides new insights into the efficacy of cardiac c-Kit+ cells in the ischemic heart failure model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Zakharova
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Hikmet Nural-Guvener
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Lorraine Feehery
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Snjezana Popovic-Sljukic
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Mohamed A Gaballa
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
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Keith MCL, Bolli R. "String theory" of c-kit(pos) cardiac cells: a new paradigm regarding the nature of these cells that may reconcile apparently discrepant results. Circ Res 2015; 116:1216-30. [PMID: 25814683 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.305557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous preclinical investigations have consistently demonstrated salubrious effects of c-kit(pos) cardiac cells administered after myocardial infarction, the mechanism of action remains highly controversial. We and others have found little or no evidence that these cells differentiate into mature functional cardiomyocytes, suggesting paracrine effects. In this review, we propose a new paradigm predicated on a comprehensive analysis of the literature, including studies of cardiac development; we have (facetiously) dubbed this conceptual construct "string theory" of c-kit(pos) cardiac cells because it reconciles multifarious and sometimes apparently discrepant results. There is strong evidence that, during development, the c-kit receptor is expressed in different pools of cardiac progenitors (some capable of robust cardiomyogenesis and others with little or no contribution to myocytes). Accordingly, c-kit positivity, in itself, does not define the embryonic origins, lineage capabilities, or differentiation capacities of specific cardiac progenitors. C-kit(pos) cells derived from the first heart field exhibit cardiomyogenic potential during development, but these cells are likely depleted shortly before or after birth. The residual c-kit(pos) cells found in the adult heart are probably of proepicardial origin, possess a mesenchymal phenotype (resembling bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells), and are capable of contributing significantly only to nonmyocytic lineages (fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells). If these 2 populations (first heart field and proepicardium) express different levels of c-kit, the cardiomyogenic potential of first heart field progenitors might be reconciled with recent results of c-kit(pos) cell lineage tracing studies. The concept that c-kit expression in the adult heart identifies epicardium-derived, noncardiomyogenic precursors with a mesenchymal phenotype helps to explain the beneficial effects of c-kit(pos) cell administration to ischemically damaged hearts despite the observed paucity of cardiomyogenic differentiation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C L Keith
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Roberto Bolli
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY.
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Leite CF, Lopes CS, Alves AC, Fuzaro CSC, Silva MV, Oliveira LFD, Garcia LP, Farnesi TS, Cuba MBD, Rocha LB, Rodrigues V, Oliveira CJFD, Dias da Silva VJ. Endogenous resident c-Kit cardiac stem cells increase in mice with an exercise-induced, physiologically hypertrophied heart. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:151-64. [PMID: 26070113 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity evokes well-known adaptations in the cardiovascular system. Although exercise training induces cardiac remodeling, whether multipotent stem cells play a functional role in the hypertrophic process remains unknown. To evaluate this possibility, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to swimming training aimed at achieving cardiac hypertrophy, which was morphologically and electrocardiographically characterized. Subsequently, c-Kit(+)Lin(-) and Sca-1(+)Lin(-) cardiac stem cells (CSCs) were quantified using flow cytometry while cardiac muscle-derived stromal cells (CMSCs, also known as cardiac-derived mesenchymal stem cells) were assessed using in vitro colony-forming unit fibroblast assay (CFU-F). Only the number of c-Kit(+)Lin(-) cells increased in the hypertrophied heart. To investigate a possible extracardiac origin of these cells, a parabiotic eGFP transgenic/wild-type mouse model was used. The parabiotic pairs were subjected to swimming, and the wild-type heart in particular was tested for eGFP(+) stem cells. The results revealed a negligible number of extracardiac stem cells in the heart, allowing us to infer a cardiac origin for the increased amount of detected c-Kit(+) cells. In conclusion, the number of resident Sca-1(+)Lin(-) cells and CMSCs was not changed, whereas the number of c-Kit(+)Lin(-) cells was increased during physiological cardiac hypertrophy. These c-Kit(+)Lin(-) CSCs may contribute to the physiological cardiac remodeling that result from exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ferreira Leite
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina Salomão Lopes
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Angélica Cristina Alves
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline Santos Capitelli Fuzaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Felipe de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Pereira Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Thaís Soares Farnesi
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Marília Beatriz de Cuba
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Lenaldo Branco Rocha
- Department of Morphology, Institute for Biological and Natural Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlo José Freire de Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Valdo José Dias da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
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Campagnolo P, Tsai TN, Hong X, Kirton JP, So PW, Margariti A, Di Bernardini E, Wong MM, Hu Y, Stevens MM, Xu Q. c-Kit+ progenitors generate vascular cells for tissue-engineered grafts through modulation of the Wnt/Klf4 pathway. Biomaterials 2015; 60:53-61. [PMID: 25985152 PMCID: PMC4464505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of decellularised scaffolds for small diameter vascular grafts is hampered by their limited patency, due to the lack of luminal cell coverage by endothelial cells (EC) and to the low tone of the vessel due to absence of a contractile smooth muscle cells (SMC). In this study, we identify a population of vascular progenitor c-Kit+/Sca-1- cells available in large numbers and derived from immuno-privileged embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We also define an efficient and controlled differentiation protocol yielding fully to differentiated ECs and SMCs in sufficient numbers to allow the repopulation of a tissue engineered vascular graft. When seeded ex vivo on a decellularised vessel, c-Kit+/Sca-1-derived cells recapitulated the native vessel structure and upon in vivo implantation in the mouse, markedly reduced neointima formation and mortality, restoring functional vascularisation. We showed that Krüppel-like transcription factor 4 (Klf4) regulates the choice of differentiation pathway of these cells through β-catenin activation and was itself regulated by the canonical Wnt pathway activator lithium chloride. Our data show that ESC-derived c-Kit+/Sca-1-cells can be differentiated through a Klf4/β-catenin dependent pathway and are a suitable source of vascular progenitors for the creation of superior tissue-engineered vessels from decellularised scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Campagnolo
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Tsung-Neng Tsai
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xuechong Hong
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Paul Kirton
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Po-Wah So
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andriana Margariti
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabetta Di Bernardini
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Mei Wong
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Leite CF, Almeida TR, Lopes CS, Dias da Silva VJ. Multipotent stem cells of the heart-do they have therapeutic promise? Front Physiol 2015; 6:123. [PMID: 26005421 PMCID: PMC4424849 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decade has brought a comprehensive change in our view of cardiac remodeling processes under both physiological and pathological conditions, and cardiac stem cells have become important new players in the general mainframe of cardiac homeostasis. Different types of cardiac stem cells show different capacities for differentiation into the three major cardiac lineages: myocytes, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Physiologically, cardiac stem cells contribute to cardiac homeostasis through continual cellular turnover. Pathologically, these cells exhibit a high level of proliferative activity in an apparent attempt to repair acute cardiac injury, indicating that these cells possess (albeit limited) regenerative potential. In addition to cardiac stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells represent another multipotent cell population in the heart; these cells are located in regions near pericytes and exhibit regenerative, angiogenic, antiapoptotic, and immunosuppressive properties. The discovery of these resident cardiac stem cells was followed by a number of experimental studies in animal models of cardiomyopathies, in which cardiac stem cells were tested as a therapeutic option to overcome the limited transdifferentiating potential of hematopoietic or mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow. The promising results of these studies prompted clinical studies of the role of these cells, which have demonstrated the safety and practicability of cellular therapies for the treatment of heart disease. However, questions remain regarding this new therapeutic approach. Thus, the aim of the present review was to discuss the multitude of different cardiac stem cells that have been identified, their possible functional roles in the cardiac regenerative process, and their potential therapeutic uses in treating cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila F Leite
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological and Natural Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Thalles R Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological and Natural Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Carolina S Lopes
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological and Natural Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Valdo J Dias da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological and Natural Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University Uberaba, Brazil
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Nigro P, Perrucci GL, Gowran A, Zanobini M, Capogrossi MC, Pompilio G. c-kit(+) cells: the tell-tale heart of cardiac regeneration? Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1725-40. [PMID: 25575564 PMCID: PMC11113938 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Although ongoing therapeutic strategies ameliorate symptoms and prolong life for patients with cardiovascular diseases, they do not solve the critical issue related to the loss of cardiac tissue. Accordingly, stem/progenitor cell therapy has emerged as a paramount approach for cardiac repair and regeneration. In this regard, c-kit(+) cells have animated much interest and controversy. These cells are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent and display a noteworthy potential to differentiate into all cardiovascular lineages. However, their functional contribution to cardiomyocyte turnover is one of the centrally debated issues concerning their regenerative potential. Regardless, plentiful preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted which provide evidence for the capacity of c-kit(+) cells to improve cardiac function. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive, impartial, critical description and evaluation of the literature on c-kit(+) cells from bench to bedside in order to address their true potential, benefits and controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Nigro
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy,
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Tian S, Liu Q, Gnatovskiy L, Ma PX, Wang Z. Heart Regeneration with Embryonic Cardiac Progenitor Cells and Cardiac Tissue Engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1. [PMID: 26744736 DOI: 10.19104/jstb.2015.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Recent advances in stem cell research hold great potential for heart tissue regeneration through stem cell-based therapy. While multiple cell types have been transplanted into MI heart in preclinical studies or clinical trials, reduction of scar tissue and restoration of cardiac function have been modest. Several challenges hamper the development and application of stem cell-based therapy for heart regeneration. Application of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and cardiac tissue engineering for cell therapy has shown great promise to repair damaged heart tissue. This review presents an overview of the current applications of embryonic CPCs and the development of cardiac tissue engineering in regeneration of functional cardiac tissue and reduction of side effects for heart regeneration. We aim to highlight the benefits of the cell therapy by application of CPCs and cardiac tissue engineering during heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qihai Liu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Leonid Gnatovskiy
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Kim JT, Chung HJ, Seo JY, Yang YI, Choi MY, Kim HI, Yang TH, Lee WJ, Youn YC, Kim HJ, Kim YM, Lee H, Jang YS, Lee SJ. A fibrin-supported myocardial organ culture for isolation of cardiac stem cells via the recapitulation of cardiac homeostasis. Biomaterials 2015; 48:66-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tan SC, Gomes RSM, Yeoh KK, Perbellini F, Malandraki-Miller S, Ambrose L, Heather LC, Faggian G, Schofield CJ, Davies KE, Clarke K, Carr CA. Preconditioning of Cardiosphere-Derived Cells With Hypoxia or Prolyl-4-Hydroxylase Inhibitors Increases Stemness and Decreases Reliance on Oxidative Metabolism. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:35-53. [PMID: 25751158 PMCID: PMC6042641 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x687697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), which can be isolated from heart explants, are a promising candidate cell source for infarcted myocardium regeneration. However, current protocols used to expand CDCs require at least 1 month in vitro to obtain sufficient cells for transplantation. We report that CDC culture can be optimized by preconditioning the cells under hypoxia (2% oxygen), which may reflect the physiological oxygen level of the stem cell niche. Under hypoxia, the CDC proliferation rate increased by 1.4-fold, generating 6 × 10(6) CDCs with higher expression of cardiac stem cell and pluripotency gene markers compared to normoxia. Furthermore, telomerase (TERT), cytokines/ligands involved in stem cell trafficking (SDF/CXCR-4), erythropoiesis (EPO), and angiogenesis (VEGF) were increased under hypoxia. Hypoxic preconditioning was mimicked by treatment with two types of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl-4-hydroxylase inhibitors (PHDIs): dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG) and 2-(1-chloro-4-hydroxyisoquinoline-3-carboxamido) acetic acid (BIC). Despite the difference in specificity, both PHDIs significantly increased c-Kit expression and activated HIF, EPO, and CXCR-4. Furthermore, treatment with PHDIs for 24 h increased cell proliferation. Notably, all hypoxic and PHDI-preconditioned CDCs had decreased oxygen consumption and increased glycolytic metabolism. In conclusion, cells cultured under hypoxia could have potentially enhanced therapeutic potential, which can be mimicked, in part, by PHDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Cheng Tan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Health Science, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Renata S. M. Gomes
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kar Kheng Yeoh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Filippo Perbellini
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Lucy Ambrose
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa C. Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Giuseppe Faggian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Kay E. Davies
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kieran Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carolyn A. Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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On the existence of cardiomesenchymal stem cells. Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:511-5. [PMID: 25769705 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The most efficient cells for cardiac regeneration are myocardium-resident cardiac stem cells. However, the limited availability of these cells restricts their utility for cardiac cellular therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into a wide variety of tissues, but it is not simple to accurately direct cell differentiation into a specific lineage, such as cardiac tissue; this renders a low efficiency for cardiac regeneration therapy. Given the heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells, it may be possible to find specific stem cell subpopulations with a definite differentiation capacity toward cardiac lineage. A parameter to assess cardiac differentiation specificity could be surface marker expression; a population with an immunophenotype similar to cardiac stem cells may have a superior therapeutic value than unsorted mesenchymal stem cells. We hypothesize the existence of a cell line that combines the expression of cardiac stem cell surface markers with those of mesenchymal stem cells, a suitable name for this population is cardiomesenchymal stem cells (CMSC); such cells would be ideal for cardiac regeneration.
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Crisostomo V, Casado JG, Baez-Diaz C, Blazquez R, Sanchez-Margallo FM. Allogeneic cardiac stem cell administration for acute myocardial infarction. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 13:285-99. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2015.1011621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Hodgkinson CP, Gomez JA, Payne AJ, Zhang L, Wang X, Dal-Pra S, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ. Abi3bp regulates cardiac progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. Circ Res 2014; 115:1007-16. [PMID: 25296984 PMCID: PMC4258122 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.304216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) are thought to differentiate into the major cell types of the heart: cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. We have recently identified ABI family, member 3 (NESH) binding protein (Abi3bp) as a protein important for mesenchymal stem cell biology. Because CPCs share several characteristics with mesenchymal stem cells, we hypothesized that Abi3bp would similarly affect CPC differentiation and proliferation. OBJECTIVE To determine whether Abi3bp regulates CPC proliferation and differentiation. METHODS AND RESULTS In vivo, genetic ablation of the Abi3bp gene inhibited CPC differentiation, whereas CPC number and proliferative capacity were increased. This correlated with adverse recovery after myocardial infarction. In vitro, CPCs, either isolated from Abi3bp knockout mice or expressing an Abi3bp shRNA construct, displayed a higher proliferative capacity and, under differentiating conditions, reduced expression of both early and late cardiomyocyte markers. Abi3bp controlled CPC differentiation via integrin-β1, protein kinase C-ζ, and v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog. CONCLUSIONS We have identified Abi3bp as a protein important for CPC differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad P Hodgkinson
- From the Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Jose A Gomez
- From the Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Alan J Payne
- From the Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Lunan Zhang
- From the Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- From the Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Sophie Dal-Pra
- From the Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Richard E Pratt
- From the Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Victor J Dzau
- From the Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
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Ge Z, Lal S, Le TYL, Dos Remedios C, Chong JJH. Cardiac stem cells: translation to human studies. Biophys Rev 2014; 7:127-139. [PMID: 28509972 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-014-0148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of multiple classes of cardiac progenitor cells in the adult mammalian heart has generated hope for their use as a therapeutic in heart failure. However, successful results from animal models have not always yielded similar findings in human studies. Recent Phase I/II trials of c-Kit (SCIPIO) and cardiosphere-based (CADUCEUS) cardiac progenitor cells have demonstrated safety and some therapeutic efficacy. Gaps remain in our understanding of the origins, function and relationships between the different progenitor cell families, many of which are heterogeneous populations with overlapping definitions. Another challenge lies in the limitations of small animal models in replicating the human heart. Cryopreserved human cardiac tissue provides a readily available source of cardiac progenitor cells and may help address these questions. We review important findings and relative unknowns of the main classes of cardiac progenitor cells, highlighting differences between animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Ge
- Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean Lal
- Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thi Y L Le
- Department of Cardiology Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Heart Research, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2145
| | | | - James J H Chong
- Department of Cardiology Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Centre for Heart Research, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2145.
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Kawaguchi N. Stem cells for cardiac regeneration and possible roles of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. Biomol Concepts 2014; 3:99-106. [PMID: 25436527 DOI: 10.1515/bmc.2011.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Heart failure is a leading cause of death worldwide. Studies of stem cell biology are essential for developing efficient treatments. Recently, we established and characterized c-kit-positive cardiac stem cells from the adult rat heart. Using a MethoCult culture system with a methyl-cellulose-based medium, stem-like left-atrium-derived pluripotent cells could be regulated to differentiate into skeletal/cardiac myocytes or adipocytes with almost 100% purity. Microarray and pathway analyses of these cells showed that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and noggin were significantly involved in the differentiation switch. Furthermore, TGF-β1 may act as a regulator for this switch because it simultaneously inhibits adipogenesis and activates myogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. However, the effect of TGF-β varies with developmental stage, dosage, and timing of treatment. In the present review, the findings of recent studies, in particular the use of c-kit-positive cardiac stem cells, are discussed. The effects of the TGF-β superfamily on differentiation, especially on adipogenesis and/or myogenesis, have important implications for future regenerative medicine.
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Valente M, Nascimento DS, Cumano A, Pinto-do-Ó P. Sca-1+ cardiac progenitor cells and heart-making: a critical synopsis. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2263-73. [PMID: 24926741 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification, in the adult, of cardiomyocyte turnover events and of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) has revolutionized the field of cardiovascular medicine. However, the low rate of CPCs differentiation events reported both in vitro and in vivo, even after injury, raised concerns on the biological significance of these subsets. In this Comprehensive Review, we discuss the current understanding of cardiac Lin(-)Sca-1(+) cells in light of what is also known for cellular compartments with similar phenotypes in other organs. The Lin(-)Sca-1(+) heart subset is heterogeneous and displays a mesenchymal profile, characterized by a limited ability to generate cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo, even after injury. There is no evidence for Sca-1 expression in embryonic cardiovascular progenitors. In other organs, Sca-1 expression is mainly observed on mesoderm-derived cells, although it is not restricted to stem/progenitor cell populations. It is urgent to determine, at a single cell level, to which extent cardiac Lin(-)Sca-1(+) cells overlap with the fibroblast compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Valente
- 1 Stem-Cell Microenvironments in Repair/Regeneration Team, Microenvironments for NewTherapies Group, INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
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Silva DN, de Freitas Souza BS, Azevedo CM, Vasconcelos JF, Carvalho RH, Soares MBP, Dos Santos RR. Intramyocardial transplantation of cardiac mesenchymal stem cells reduces myocarditis in a model of chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:81. [PMID: 24984860 PMCID: PMC4229984 DOI: 10.1186/scrt470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction New therapeutic options are necessary for patients with chronic Chagas disease, a leading cause of heart failure in Latin American countries. Stem cell therapy focused on improving cardiac function is a promising approach for treating heart disease. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of cardiac mesenchymal stem cells (CMSCs) in a mouse model of chronic Chagas disease. Methods CMSCs were isolated from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic C57BL/6 mouse hearts and tested for adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, endothelial, and cardiogenic differentiation potentials evaluated by histochemical and immunofluorescence techniques. A lymphoproliferation assay was performed to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of CMSCs. To investigate the therapeutic potential of CMSCs, C57BL/6 mice chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi were treated with 106 CMSCs or saline (control) by echocardiography-guided injection into the left ventricle wall. All animals were submitted to cardiac histopathological and immunofluorescence analysis in heart sections from chagasic mice. Analysis by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed in the heart to evaluate the expression of cytokines involved in the inflammatory response. Results CMSCs demonstrated adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potentials. Moreover, these cells expressed endothelial cell and cardiomyocyte features upon defined stimulation culture conditions and displayed immunosuppressive activity in vitro. After intramyocardial injection, GFP+ CMSCs were observed in heart sections of chagasic mice one week later; however, no observed GFP+ cells co-expressed troponin T or connexin-43. Histopathological analysis revealed that CMSC-treated mice had a significantly decreased number of inflammatory cells, but no reduction in fibrotic area, two months after treatment. Analysis by qRT-PCR demonstrated that cell therapy significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression and increased transforming growth factor-beta in heart samples. Conclusions We conclude that the CMSCs exert a protective effect in chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy primarily through immunomodulation.
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Wang L, Gu H, Turrentine M, Wang M. Estradiol treatment promotes cardiac stem cell (CSC)-derived growth factors, thus improving CSC-mediated cardioprotection after acute ischemia/reperfusion. Surgery 2014; 156:243-52. [PMID: 24957669 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies from our group and others have indicated that paracrine function is one of major mechanisms underlying stem cell-mediated cardioprotection. To improve therapeutic efficacy of cardiac stem cells (CSCs), modification of CSCs to enhance their paracrine actions is of great interest. We have shown previously that stem cells from female sex produced greater levels of protective growth factors compared with male stem cells. In addition, 17β-estradiol (E2)-treated mesenchymal stem cells provided better protection in the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-injured myocardium compared with untreated cells. In this study, therefore, we hypothesized that (1) treatment with E2 would improve CSC-mediated acute protection of cardiac function after global I/R; and (2) this greater protection in E2-treated CSCs would be attributable to the beneficial effect of E2 on paracrine actions of CSCs. METHOD CSCs were harvested from C57BL mouse hearts. Myocardial I/R was performed in isolated mouse hearts via a Langendorff model. A total of 0.1 × 10(6)/mL of untreated CSCs or E2-treated CSCs was infused into mouse hearts before ischemia or during the initiation of reperfusion. Heart tissue was used for analysis of activation of caspase-3 and STAT3. Secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal cell-derived factor 1α by CSCs and E2-treated CSCs was determined. In addition, the conditioned medium from the cultivation of CSCs and E2-modified CSCs was used to treat cardiomyocytes during hypoxia. RESULTS E2-treated CSCs produced greater levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal cell-derived factor 1α compared with untreated CSCs. Preischemic infusion of CSCs and E2-treated CSCs improved myocardial function, increased activation of myocardial STAT3 (a prosurvival signaling), and reduced active caspase-3 after acute I/R compared with the vehicle group. The greater protection was observed in E2-treated CSC group than in CSC group. Additionally, infusion of E2-treated CSCs, but not untreated CSCs, during the initiation of reperfusion protected cardiac function after I/R, further indicating the beneficial effect of E2 on CSC protective function. CONCLUSION Treatment with E2 enhanced CSC-derived protective factor production and improved CSC-mediated protection of cardiac function and myocyte survival after acute I/R, suggesting that in vitro modification of CSCs may improve their therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Hongmei Gu
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Mark Turrentine
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Meijing Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
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Cosentino S, Castiglioni L, Colazzo F, Nobili E, Tremoli E, Rosa P, Abbracchio MP, Sironi L, Pesce M. Expression of dual nucleotides/cysteinyl-leukotrienes receptor GPR17 in early trafficking of cardiac stromal cells after myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1785-96. [PMID: 24909956 PMCID: PMC4196654 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR17 is a Gi-coupled dual receptor activated by uracil-nucleotides and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. These mediators are massively released into hypoxic tissues. In the normal heart, GPR17 expression has been reported. By contrast, its role in myocardial ischaemia has not yet been assessed. In the present report, the expression of GPR17 was investigated in mice before and at early stages after myocardial infarction by using immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and RT-PCR. Before induction of ischaemia, results indicated the presence of the receptor in a population of stromal cells expressing the stem-cell antigen-1 (Sca-1). At early stages after ligation of the coronary artery, the receptor was expressed in Sca-1+ cells, and cells stained with Isolectin-B4 and anti-CD45 antibody. GPR17+ cells also expressed mesenchymal marker CD44. GPR17 function was investigated in vitro in a Sca-1+/CD31− cell line derived from normal hearts. These experiments showed a migratory function of the receptor by treatment with UDP-glucose and leukotriene LTD4, two GPR17 pharmacological agonists. The GPR17 function was finally assessed in vivo by treating infarcted mice with Cangrelor, a pharmacological receptor antagonist, which, at least in part, inhibited early recruitment of GPR17+ and CD45+ cells. These findings suggest a regulation of heart-resident mesenchymal cells and blood-borne cellular species recruitment following myocardial infarction, orchestrated by GPR17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cosentino
- Laboratorio di Biologia e Biochimica dell'Aterotrombosi, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Navarro-Betancourt JR, Baldassarri-Ortego LF, Urquiza-Y-Conde F, Hernández S. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells expressing cardiac progenitor markers: the best source of mesenchymal stem cells for cardiovascular repair? Int J Cardiol 2014; 174:451-2. [PMID: 24768455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F Urquiza-Y-Conde
- Molecular Biology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Panamericana, Mexico
| | - S Hernández
- Molecular Biology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Panamericana, Mexico.
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