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Liu D, Chen H, Fu Y, Yao Y, He S, Wang Y, Cao Z, Wang X, Yang M, Zhao Q. KCa3.1 Promotes Proinflammatory Exosome Secretion by Activating AKT/Rab27a in Atrial Myocytes during Rapid Pacing. Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 2023:3939360. [PMID: 37035755 PMCID: PMC10079387 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3939360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the medium-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (KCNN4, KCa3.1) in the secretion of proinflammatory exosomes by atrial myocytes. Methods Eighteen beagles were randomly divided into the sham group (n = 6), pacing group (n = 6), and pacing+TRAM-34 group (n = 6). Electrophysiological data, such as the effective refractory period, atrial fibrillation (AF) induction, and AF duration, were collected by programmed stimulation. Atrial tissues were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of KCa3.1 and Rab27a was assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The downstream signaling pathways involved in KCa3.1 were examined by rapid pacing or overexpressing KCNN4 in HL-1 cells. Results Atrial rapid pacing significantly induced electrical remodeling, inflammation, fibrosis, and exosome secretion in the canine atrium, while TRAM-34 (KCa3.1 blocker) inhibited these changes. Compared with those in control HL-1 cells, the levels of exosome markers and inflammatory factors were increased in pacing HL-1 cells. Furthermore, the levels of CD68 and iNOS in macrophages incubated with exosomes derived from HL-1 cells were higher in the pacing-exo group than in the control group. More importantly, KCa3.1 regulated exosome secretion through the AKT/Rab27a signaling pathway. Similarly, inhibiting the downstream signaling pathway of KCa3.1 significantly inhibited exosome secretion. Conclusions KCa3.1 promotes proinflammatory exosome secretion through the AKT/Rab27a signaling pathway. Inhibiting the KCa3.1/AKT/Rab27a signaling pathway reduces myocardial tissue structural remodeling in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishiwen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuntao Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yajun Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shanqing He
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Youcheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qingyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
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Cheng L, Maboh RN, Wang H, Mao GW, Wu XY, Chen H. Naoxintong Capsule Activates the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway and Suppresses the p38α Signaling Pathway Via Estrogen Receptors to Ameliorate Heart Remodeling in Female Mice With Postmenopausal Hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:158-170. [PMID: 35500215 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Limited treatments are available for alleviating heart remodeling in postmenopausal hypertension. The cardioprotective effect of naoxintong (NXT) has been widely accepted. This study aimed to explore the effects of NXT on pathological heart remodeling in a postmenopausal hypertension mouse model in vivo and H9c2 cardiomyocytes in vitro. In vivo, ovariectomy combined with chronic angiotensin II infusion was used to establish the postmenopausal hypertension animal model. NXT significantly ameliorated cardiac remodeling as indicated by a reduced ratio of heart weight/body weight and left ventricle weight/body weight, left ventricular wall thickness, diameter of cardiomyocytes, and collagen deposition in the heart. NXT also significantly increased the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and downregulated the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (Nox2). In vitro, NXT treatment greatly suppressed angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and excessive oxidative stress as proven by reducing the diameter of H9c2 cardiomyocytes, expression of hypertrophy and fibrosis markers, intracellular reactive oxygen species, and oxidative enzymes. Mechanistically, NXT significantly upregulated the expression of ERs, which activated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and inhibited the phosphorylation of the p38α pathway. Collectively, the results indicated that NXT administration might attenuate cardiac remodeling through upregulating the expression of ERs, which activated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, inhibited the phosphorylation of the p38α signaling pathway, and reduced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cheng
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China ; and
| | - Rene Nfornah Maboh
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China ; and
| | - Huan Wang
- Hypertension Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gao-Wei Mao
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China ; and
| | - Xiao-Ying Wu
- Hypertension Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China ; and.,Hypertension Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Gordon B, González-Fernández V, Dos-Subirà L. Myocardial fibrosis in congenital heart disease. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:965204. [PMID: 36467466 PMCID: PMC9715985 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.965204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis resulting from the excessive deposition of collagen fibers through the myocardium is a common histopathologic finding in a wide range of cardiovascular diseases, including congenital anomalies. Interstitial fibrosis has been identified as a major cause of myocardial dysfunction since it distorts the normal architecture of the myocardium and impairs the biological function and properties of the interstitium. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms and detrimental consequences of myocardial fibrosis in heart failure and arrhythmias, discusses the usefulness of available imaging techniques and circulating biomarkers to assess this entity and reviews the current body of evidence regarding myocardial fibrosis in the different subsets of congenital heart diseases with implications in research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Gordon
- Integrated Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital-Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor González-Fernández
- Integrated Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital-Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Dos-Subirà
- Integrated Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital-Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Regional Diversities in Fibrogenesis Weighed as a Key Determinant for Atrial Arrhythmogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121900. [PMID: 34944715 PMCID: PMC8698388 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrosis plays a key role in atrial myopathy, resulting in the genesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). The abnormal distribution of fibrotic tissue, electrical coupling, paracrine interactions, and biomechanical–electrical interactions have all been suggested as causes of fibrosis-related arrhythmogenesis. Moreover, the regional difference in fibrogenesis, specifically the left atrium (LA) exhibiting a higher arrhythmogenesis and level of fibrosis than the right atrium (RA) in AF, is a key contributor to atrial arrhythmogenesis. LA fibroblasts have greater profibrotic cellular activities than RA fibroblasts, but knowledge about the regional diversity of atrial regional fibrogenesis remains limited. This article provides a comprehensive review of research findings on the association between fibrogenesis and arrhythmogenesis from laboratory to clinical evidence and updates the current understanding of the potential mechanism underlying the difference in fibrogenesis between the LA and RA.
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Ye Q, Liu Q, Ma X, Bai S, Chen P, Zhao Y, Bai C, Liu Y, Liu K, Xin M, Zeng C, Zhao C, Yao Y, Ma Y, Wang J. MicroRNA-146b-5p promotes atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation by repressing TIMP4. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10543-10553. [PMID: 34643044 PMCID: PMC8581305 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)/matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) associated with collagen upregulation has an important role in sustained atrial fibrillation (AF). The expression of miR-146b-5p, whose the targeted gene is TIMPs, is upregulated in atrial cardiomyocytes during AF. This study was to determine whether miR-146b-5p could regulate the gene expression of TIMP4 and the contribution of miRNA to atrial fibrosis in AF. Collagen synthesis was observed after miR-146b-5p transfection in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-aCMs)-fibroblast co-culture cellular model in vitro. Furthermore, a myocardial infarction (MI) mouse model was used to confirm the protective effect of miR-146b-5p downregulation on atrial fibrosis. The expression level of miR-146b-5p was upregulated, while the expression level of TIMP4 was downregulated in the fibrotic atrium of canine with AF. miR-146b-5p transfection in hiPSC-aCMs-fibroblast co-culture cellular model increased collagen synthesis by regulating TIMP4/MMP9 mediated extracellular matrix proteins synthesis. The inhibition of miR-146b-5p expression reduced the phenotypes of cardiac fibrosis in the MI mouse model. Fibrotic marker MMP9, TGFB1 and COL1A1 were significantly downregulated, while TIMP4 was significantly upregulated (at both mRNA and protein levels) by miR-146b-5p inhibition in cardiomyocytes of MI heart. We concluded that collagen fibres were accumulated in extracellular space on miR-146b-5p overexpressed co-culture cellular model. Moreover, the cardiac fibrosis induced by MI was attenuated in antagomiR-146 treated mice by increasing the expression of TIMP4, which indicated that the inhibition of miR-146b-5p might become an effective therapeutic approach for preventing atrial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryBenq HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shuyun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yichen Zhao
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chen Bai
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Kemin Liu
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Meng Xin
- Center for Cardiac Intensive CareBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Caiwu Zeng
- Center for Cardiac Intensive CareBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Medical School of University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Nattel S, Heijman J, Zhou L, Dobrev D. Molecular Basis of Atrial Fibrillation Pathophysiology and Therapy: A Translational Perspective. Circ Res 2020; 127:51-72. [PMID: 32717172 PMCID: PMC7398486 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent arrhythmia, with substantial associated morbidity and mortality. There have been significant management advances over the past 2 decades, but the burden of the disease continues to increase and there is certainly plenty of room for improvement in treatment options. A potential key to therapeutic innovation is a better understanding of underlying fundamental mechanisms. This article reviews recent advances in understanding the molecular basis for AF, with a particular emphasis on relating these new insights to opportunities for clinical translation. We first review the evidence relating basic electrophysiological mechanisms to the characteristics of clinical AF. We then discuss the molecular control of factors leading to some of the principal determinants, including abnormalities in impulse conduction (such as tissue fibrosis and other extra-cardiomyocyte alterations, connexin dysregulation and Na+-channel dysfunction), electrical refractoriness, and impulse generation. We then consider the molecular drivers of AF progression, including a range of Ca2+-dependent intracellular processes, microRNA changes, and inflammatory signaling. The concept of key interactome-related nodal points is then evaluated, dealing with systems like those associated with CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II), NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein-3), and transcription-factors like TBX5 and PitX2c. We conclude with a critical discussion of therapeutic implications, knowledge gaps and future directions, dealing with such aspects as drug repurposing, biologicals, multispecific drugs, the targeting of cardiomyocyte inflammatory signaling and potential considerations in intervening at the level of interactomes and gene-regulation. The area of molecular intervention for AF management presents exciting new opportunities, along with substantial challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Nattel
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- IHU Liryc and Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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7
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Yang X, An N, Zhong C, Guan M, Jiang Y, Li X, Zhang H, Wang L, Ruan Y, Gao Y, Liu N, Shang H, Xing Y. Enhanced cardiomyocyte reactive oxygen species signaling promotes ibrutinib-induced atrial fibrillation. Redox Biol 2020; 30:101432. [PMID: 31986467 PMCID: PMC6994714 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs in up to 11% of cancer patients treated with ibrutinib. The pathophysiology of ibrutinib promoted AF is complicated, as there are multiple interactions involved; the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying this are still unclear. Here, we aimed to determine the electrophysiological and molecular mechanisms of burst-pacing-induced AF in ibrutinib-treated mice. The results indicated differentially expressed proteins in ibrutinib-treated mice, identified through proteomic analysis, were found to play a role in oxidative stress-related pathways. Finally, treatment with an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (NOX) prevented and reversed AF development in ibrutinib-treated mice. It was showed that the related protein expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ibrutinib group was significantly increased, including NOX2, NOX4, p22-phox, XO and TGF-β protein expression. It was interesting that ibrutinib group also significantly increased the expression of ox-CaMKII, p-CaMKII (Thr-286) and p-RyR2 (Ser2814), causing enhanced abnormal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release and mitochondrial structures, as well as atrial fibrosis and atrial hypertrophy in ibrutinib-treated mice, and apocynin reduced the expression of these proteins. Ibrutinib-treated mice were also more likely to develop AF, and AF occurred over longer periods. In conclusion, our study has established a pathophysiological role for ROS signaling in atrial cardiomyocytes, and it may be that ox-CaMKII and p-CaMKII (Thr-286) are activated by ROS to increase AF susceptibility following ibrutinib treatment. We have also identified the inhibition of NOX as a potential novel AF therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Na An
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Changming Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Manke Guan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yuchen Jiang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xinye Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Hanlai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yanfei Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital of the Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100853, PR China
| | - Yonghong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital of the Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100853, PR China.
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Hua X, Wang YY, Jia P, Xiong Q, Hu Y, Chang Y, Lai S, Xu Y, Zhao Z, Song J. Multi-level transcriptome sequencing identifies COL1A1 as a candidate marker in human heart failure progression. BMC Med 2020; 18:2. [PMID: 31902369 PMCID: PMC6943904 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) has been recognized as a global pandemic with a high rate of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. Although numerous advances have been made, its representative molecular signatures remain largely unknown, especially the role of genes in HF progression. The aim of the present prospective follow-up study was to reveal potential biomarkers associated with the progression of heart failure. METHODS We generated multi-level transcriptomic data from a cohort of left ventricular heart tissue collected from 21 HF patients and 9 healthy donors. By using Masson staining to calculate the fibrosis percentage for each sample, we applied lasso regression model to identify the genes associated with fibrosis as well as progression. The genes were further validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in the same cohort and qRT-PCR using another independent cohort (20 HF and 9 healthy donors). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the plasma level in a validation cohort (139 HF patients) for predicting HF progression. RESULTS Based on the multi-level transcriptomic data, we examined differentially expressed genes [mRNAs, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)] in the study cohort. The follow-up functional annotation and regulatory network analyses revealed their potential roles in regulating extracellular matrix. We further identified several genes that were associated with fibrosis. By using the survival time before transplantation, COL1A1 was identified as a potential biomarker for HF progression and its upregulation was confirmed by both IHC and qRT-PCR. Furthermore, COL1A1 content ≥ 256.5 ng/ml in plasma was found to be associated with poor survival within 1 year of heart transplantation from heart failure [hazard ratio (HR) 7.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5 to 15.8, Log-rank p value < 1.0 × 10- 4]. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that COL1A1 might be a plasma biomarker of HF and associated with HF progression, especially to predict the 1-year survival from HF onset to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumeng Hua
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Yin-Ying Wang
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qing Xiong
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yiqing Hu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Songqing Lai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
| | - Jiangping Song
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 10037, China.
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9
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Li X, Zhu F, Meng W, Zhang F, Hong J, Zhang G, Wang F. CYP2J2/EET reduces vulnerability to atrial fibrillation in chronic pressure overload mice. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:862-874. [PMID: 31749335 PMCID: PMC6933320 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has well established the protective effects of CYP2J2/EET on the cardiovascular system. The aim of the present study was to determine whether CYP2J2/EET has a preventive effect on atrial fibrillation (AF) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Wild‐type mice were injected with or without AAV9‐CYP2J2 before abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) operation. After 8 weeks, compared with wild‐type mice, AAC mice display higher AF inducibility and longer AF durations, which were remarkably attenuated with AAV9‐CYP2J2. Also, AAV9‐CYP2J2 reduced atrial fibrosis area and the deposit of collagen‐I/III in AAC mice, accompanied by the blockade of TGF‐β/Smad‐2/3 signalling pathways, as well as the recovery in Smad‐7 expression. In vitro, isolated atrial fibroblasts were administrated with TGF‐β1, EET, EEZE, GW9662, SiRNA Smad‐7 and pre‐MiR‐21, and EET was demonstrated to restrain the differentiation of atrial fibroblasts largely dependent on Smad‐7, due to the inhibition of EET on MiR‐21. In addition, increased inflammatory cytokines, as well as activated NF‐κB pathways induced by AAC surgery, were also significantly blunted by AAV9‐CYP2J2 treatment. These effects of CYP2J2/EET were partially blocked by GW9662, the antagonist of PPAR‐γ. In conclusion, this study revealed that CYP2J2/EET ameliorates atrial fibrosis through modulating atrial fibroblasts activation by disinhibition of MiR‐21 on Smad‐7, and attenuates atrial inflammatory response by repressing NF‐κB pathways, reducing the vulnerability to AF, and CYP2J2/EET exerts its role at least partially through PPAR‐γ activation. Our findings might provide a novel upstream therapeutic strategy for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guobing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Zhang B, Zhang J, Zhang C, Zhang X, Ye J, Kuang S, Sun G, Sun X. Notoginsenoside R1 Protects Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through Activating Estrogen Receptor α and Its Downstream Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1227. [PMID: 30450046 PMCID: PMC6224485 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) leads to heart failure and death in diabetic patients, no effective treatment is available. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) is a novel saponin that is derived from Panax notoginseng and our previous studies have showed cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects of NGR1. However, its role in protecting against DCM remains unexplored. Herein, we examine potential effects of NGR1 on cardiac function of diabetic db/db mice and H9c2 cardiomyocytes treated by advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In vitro experiments revealed that pretreatment with NGR1 significantly decreased AGEs-induced mitochondria injury, limited an increase in ROS, and reduced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. NGR1 eliminated ROS by promoting estrogen receptor α expression, which subsequently activated Akt and Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant enzymes. In vivo investigation demonstrated that NGR1 significantly reduced serum lipid levels, insulin resistance, the expression of enzymes related to cardiomyopathy, and the expression of apoptotic proteins. Finally, NGR1 improved cardiac dysfunction and attenuated histological abnormalities, as evidenced by elevating ejection fraction and fractional shortening, and reducing cardiac fibrosis. Mechanistically, NGR1 promoted ERα expression, which led to the activation of Akt-Nrf2 signaling and the inhibition of the TGFβ pathway. Collectively, these results strongly indicate that NGR1 exerts cardioprotective effects against DCM through its inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis, and eventually suppresses cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy, which suggests that NGR1 is a potential therapeutic medicine for the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxue Ye
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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11
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Denham NC, Pearman CM, Caldwell JL, Madders GWP, Eisner DA, Trafford AW, Dibb KM. Calcium in the Pathophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1380. [PMID: 30337881 PMCID: PMC6180171 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is commonly associated with heart failure. A bidirectional relationship exists between the two-AF exacerbates heart failure causing a significant increase in heart failure symptoms, admissions to hospital and cardiovascular death, while pathological remodeling of the atria as a result of heart failure increases the risk of AF. A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of AF is essential if we are to break this vicious circle. In this review, the latest evidence will be presented showing a fundamental role for calcium in both the induction and maintenance of AF. After outlining atrial electrophysiology and calcium handling, the role of calcium-dependent afterdepolarizations and atrial repolarization alternans in triggering AF will be considered. The atrial response to rapid stimulation will be discussed, including the short-term protection from calcium overload in the form of calcium signaling silencing and the eventual progression to diastolic calcium leak causing afterdepolarizations and the development of an electrical substrate that perpetuates AF. The role of calcium in the bidirectional relationship between heart failure and AF will then be covered. The effects of heart failure on atrial calcium handling that promote AF will be reviewed, including effects on both atrial myocytes and the pulmonary veins, before the aspects of AF which exacerbate heart failure are discussed. Finally, the limitations of human and animal studies will be explored allowing contextualization of what are sometimes discordant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C. Denham
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Katharine M. Dibb
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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12
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Yang Y, Zhao J, Qiu J, Li J, Liang X, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Fu H, Korantzopoulos P, Letsas KP, Tse G, Li G, Liu T. Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Allopurinol Prevents Oxidative Stress-Mediated Atrial Remodeling in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus Rabbits. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.118.008807. [PMID: 29720500 PMCID: PMC6015332 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.008807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background There are several mechanisms, including inflammation, oxidative stress and abnormal calcium homeostasis, involved in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. In diabetes mellitus (DM), increased oxidative stress may be attributable to higher xanthine oxidase activity. In this study, we examined the relationship between oxidative stress and atrial electrical and structural remodeling, and calcium handling abnormalities, and the potential beneficial effects of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol upon these pathological changes. Methods and Results Ninety rabbits were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups: control, DM, and allopurinol‐treated DM group. Echocardiographic and hemodynamic assessments were performed in vivo. Serum and tissue markers of oxidative stress and atrial fibrosis, including the protein expression were examined. Atrial interstitial fibrosis was evaluated by Masson trichrome staining. ICaL was measured from isolated left atrial cardiomyocytes using voltage‐clamp techniques. Confocal microscopy was used to detect intracellular calcium transients. The Ca2+ handling protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting. Mitochondrial‐related proteins were analyzed as markers of mitochondrial function. Compared with the control group, rabbits with DM showed left ventricular hypertrophy, increased atrial interstitial fibrosis, oxidative stress and fibrosis markers, ICaL and intracellular calcium transient, and atrial fibrillation inducibility. These abnormalities were alleviated by allopurinol treatment. Conclusions Allopurinol, via its antioxidant effects, reduces atrial mechanical, structural, ion channel remodeling and mitochondrial synthesis abnormalities induced by DM‐related increases in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiuchun Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaying Fu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Konstantinos P Letsas
- Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Second Department of Cardiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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13
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Qiu J, Zhao J, Li J, Liang X, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Fu H, Korantzopoulos P, Tse G, Liu T, Li G. Apocynin attenuates left ventricular remodeling in diabetic rabbits. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38482-38490. [PMID: 28388570 PMCID: PMC5503547 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases are responsible for the generation of reactive oxygen species, producing vascular and myocardial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. However, the potential benefits of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin, on left ventricular (LV) remodeling remain unknown. RESULTS In the diabetic group, interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular posterior wall thickness were markedly increased compared to control. These changes were accompanied by increased LV cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and greater degree of interstitial fibrosis. NO, myeloperoxidase, and malonaldehyde levels in the serum were significantly increased Moreover, protein expression levels of rac1, nuclear factor-κB, transforming growth factor-β, p38, P-p38, and metalloproteinase-9 were also raised. Apocynin treatment prevented all of these structural, histological and biochemical changes and additionally increased superoxide dismutase levels. METHODS Thirty Japanese rabbits were randomized into three groups: control, alloxan-induced diabetes with and without apocynin treatment at 15 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks (n = 10 for each group). Echocardiography was performed and hemodynamics were assessed by carotid and LV catheterization. LV cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and interstitial fibrosis were evaluated by histology. Serum nitric oxide (NO), malonaldehyde, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and activity of LV tissue NADPH oxidases was assessed. Expression of proteins involved in pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signaling were determined by Western blotting. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of NADPH oxidase using apocynin is an effective upstream therapy for preventing diabetes-induced adverse remodeling of the left ventricular myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuchun Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaying Fu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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14
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Barangi S, Hayes AW, Karimi G. The more effective treatment of atrial fibrillation applying the natural compounds; as NADPH oxidase and ion channel inhibitors. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1230-1241. [PMID: 28925721 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1379000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia that occurs because of several different risk factors, e.g., valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease, age ≥75 years, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. One key risk factor that results in AF, is oxidative stress. Evidence suggests that there is a correlation between oxidative processes and the genesis of AF. Oxidative stress occurs when the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase due to excessive activity of enzymes including NADPH oxidase (NOX) and xanthine oxidase; or its degradation decrease by dysfunctional antioxidant enzyme systems, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Afterwards, elevated ROS may shift ion channel activity to increase AF susceptibility. The outbreak of AF continues to grow. Unfortunately, current treatment strategies may have limited efficacy or adverse effects. On the other hand, the inhibition of ROS formation and alteration of ion channel activity could be important therapeutic targets for prevention or treatments of AF. Additionally, many studies have been shown that several natural compounds have the ability to inhibit NADPH oxidases directly. This review focuses on natural compounds which specially inhibit NOX isoforms and have direct effects on ion channels, suggesting these compounds can be helpful in AF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Barangi
- a Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology , School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- b Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- a Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology , School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,c Pharmaceutical Research Center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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15
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Abstract
Myocardial injury, mechanical stress, neurohormonal activation, inflammation, and/or aging all lead to cardiac remodeling, which is responsible for cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmogenesis. Of the key histological components of cardiac remodeling, fibrosis either in the form of interstitial, patchy, or dense scars, constitutes a key histological substrate of arrhythmias. Here we discuss current research findings focusing on the role of fibrosis, in arrhythmogenesis. Numerous studies have convincingly shown that patchy or interstitial fibrosis interferes with myocardial electrophysiology by slowing down action potential propagation, initiating reentry, promoting after-depolarizations, and increasing ectopic automaticity. Meanwhile, there has been increasing appreciation of direct involvement of myofibroblasts, the activated form of fibroblasts, in arrhythmogenesis. Myofibroblasts undergo phenotypic changes with expression of gap-junctions and ion channels thereby forming direct electrical coupling with cardiomyocytes, which potentially results in profound disturbances of electrophysiology. There is strong evidence that systemic and regional inflammatory processes contribute to fibrogenesis (i.e., structural remodeling) and dysfunction of ion channels and Ca2+ homeostasis (i.e., electrical remodeling). Recognizing the pivotal role of fibrosis in the arrhythmogenesis has promoted clinical research on characterizing fibrosis by means of cardiac imaging or fibrosis biomarkers for clinical stratification of patients at higher risk of lethal arrhythmia, as well as preclinical research on the development of antifibrotic therapies. At the end of this review, we discuss remaining key questions in this area and propose new research approaches. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1009-1049, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- My-Nhan Nguyen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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16
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Qiao G, Xia D, Cheng Z, Zhang G. Role of Sprouty1 (Spry1) in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrosis. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 214:308-313. [PMID: 29096943 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrosis is the hallmark of atrial fibrillation (AF) dependent structure remodeling. Besides, sprouty 1 (Spry1) plays a key role in the process of fibrosis. In this study, we investigated whether Spry1 could regulate TGF-β1 in atrial fibrosis. Ten dogs or patients were assigned to control (n=4) and AF group (n=6). The left atrium of dogs or right atrial appendage of patients was taken. After that, cardiac fibroblasts were treated with or without angiotensin II (Ang II). Furthermore, cardiac fibroblasts were transfected with lentivirus of Spry1 over-expression vector, Spry1 shRNA or negative control (NC). And the protein expression of Spry1 and TGF-β1 was analyzed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that TGF-β1 was highly expressed while Spry1 was lowly expressed in the models of human and canine with AF. Besides, the protein expression of TGF-β1 was up-regulated and Spry1 was down-regulated in Ang II stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. Furthermore, when Spry1 was knockdown in Ang II-induced cardiac fibroblasts, the cell proliferation and the TGF-β1 protein expression increased significantly, while Spry1 over-expression showed inverse results. Our results demonstrated that Spry1 may target TGF-β1 in regulating fibrosis. These findings may provide possible therapeutic targets in atrial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial Hospital, Zhengzhou University 450003, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial Hospital, Zhengzhou University 450003, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyun Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial Hospital, Zhengzhou University 450003, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guobao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial Hospital, Zhengzhou University 450003, Zhengzhou, China.
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17
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Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias can follow disruption of the normal cellular electrophysiological processes underlying excitable activity and their tissue propagation as coherent wavefronts from the primary sinoatrial node pacemaker, through the atria, conducting structures and ventricular myocardium. These physiological events are driven by interacting, voltage-dependent, processes of activation, inactivation, and recovery in the ion channels present in cardiomyocyte membranes. Generation and conduction of these events are further modulated by intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and metabolic and structural change. This review describes experimental studies on murine models for known clinical arrhythmic conditions in which these mechanisms were modified by genetic, physiological, or pharmacological manipulation. These exemplars yielded molecular, physiological, and structural phenotypes often directly translatable to their corresponding clinical conditions, which could be investigated at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and whole animal levels. Arrhythmogenesis could be explored during normal pacing activity, regular stimulation, following imposed extra-stimuli, or during progressively incremented steady pacing frequencies. Arrhythmic substrate was identified with temporal and spatial functional heterogeneities predisposing to reentrant excitation phenomena. These could arise from abnormalities in cardiac pacing function, tissue electrical connectivity, and cellular excitation and recovery. Triggering events during or following recovery from action potential excitation could thereby lead to sustained arrhythmia. These surface membrane processes were modified by alterations in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and energetics, as well as cellular and tissue structural change. Study of murine systems thus offers major insights into both our understanding of normal cardiac activity and its propagation, and their relationship to mechanisms generating clinical arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L-H Huang
- Physiological Laboratory and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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18
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Chiang CE, Wu TJ, Ueng KC, Chao TF, Chang KC, Wang CC, Lin YJ, Yin WH, Kuo JY, Lin WS, Tsai CT, Liu YB, Lee KT, Lin LJ, Lin LY, Wang KL, Chen YJ, Chen MC, Cheng CC, Wen MS, Chen WJ, Chen JH, Lai WT, Chiou CW, Lin JL, Yeh SJ, Chen SA. 2016 Guidelines of the Taiwan Heart Rhythm Society and the Taiwan Society of Cardiology for the management of atrial fibrillation. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 115:893-952. [PMID: 27890386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. Both the incidence and prevalence of AF are increasing, and the burden of AF is becoming huge. Many innovative advances have emerged in the past decade for the diagnosis and management of AF, including a new scoring system for the prediction of stroke and bleeding events, the introduction of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and their special benefits in Asians, new rhythm- and rate-control concepts, optimal endpoints of rate control, upstream therapy, life-style modification to prevent AF recurrence, and new ablation techniques. The Taiwan Heart Rhythm Society and the Taiwan Society of Cardiology aimed to update the information and have appointed a jointed writing committee for new AF guidelines. The writing committee members comprehensively reviewed and summarized the literature, and completed the 2016 Guidelines of the Taiwan Heart Rhythm Society and the Taiwan Society of Cardiology for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation. This guideline presents the details of the updated recommendations, along with their background and rationale, focusing on data unique for Asians. The guidelines are not mandatory, and members of the writing committee fully realize that treatment of AF should be individualized. The physician's decision remains most important in AF management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chern-En Chiang
- General Clinical Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsu-Juey Wu
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kwo-Chang Ueng
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University (Hospital), Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Fan Chao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Cheng Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yenn-Jiang Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsian Yin
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yuan Kuo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shiang Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ti Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Bin Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tai Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Yu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Ling Wang
- General Clinical Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Cheng Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Ming-Shien Wen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jone Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Hong Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Wang Chiou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Lee Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Jou Yeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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19
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Zhao Z, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wang X, Li J, Yuan M, Liu T, Li G. Cilostazol Prevents Atrial Structural Remodeling through the MEK/ERK Pathway in a Canine Model of Atrial Tachycardia. Cardiology 2016; 135:240-248. [PMID: 27532517 DOI: 10.1159/000447769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in clinical practice. Atrial structural remodeling (ASR), particularly atrial fibrosis, is an important contributor to the AF substrate. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of the phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol on ASR and its potential molecular mechanisms in a canine model of rapid atrial pacing (RAP). METHODS Thirty dogs were assigned to sham (Sham), paced/ no treatment (Paced) and paced + cilostazol 5 mg/kg/day (Paced + cilo) groups, with 10 dogs in each group. RAP at 500 beats/min was maintained for 2 weeks, while the Sham group was instrumented without pacing. Cilostazol was provided orally during pacing. Western blotting, RT-PCR and pathology were used to assess ASR. RESULTS Cilostazol attenuated atrial interstitial fibrosis and structural remodeling in canines with RAP. MEK/ERK transduction pathway gene expression was upregulated in the Paced group compared with the Sham group. Cilostazol markedly alleviated these changes in the MEK/ERK pathway. Transforming growth factor-β1 protein expression in the Paced group was significantly higher than in the Sham group (p < 0.01), and was significantly reduced by cilostazol (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that cilostazol is beneficial for prevention and treatment in atrial tachycardia-induced ASR in a canine model of RAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Qiu J, Zhao J, Li J, Liang X, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Fu H, Korantzopoulos P, Liu T, Li G. NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin prevents atrial remodeling in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Int J Cardiol 2016; 221:812-9. [PMID: 27434350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). The role of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) signaling in the setting of DM and the potential benefits of apocynin on diabetic atrial remodeling remain unknown. METHODS Sixty Japanese rabbits were randomized into 3 groups as follows: Control group (Control, n=20), alloxan-induced diabetic group (DM, n=20) and apocynin-treated diabetic group (APO, n=20). Rabbits in the APO group were orally administered apocynin (15mg/kg/day) for 8weeks. Serum malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and left atrial tissue NADPH oxidase (NOX) activities were measured. Isolated rabbit hearts were Langendorff perfused. Atrial refractory effective period (AERP), atrial effective refractory period dispersion (AERPD), interatrial conduction time (IACT) and vulnerability to AF were assessed. Atrial interstitial fibrosis was evaluated by Masson's trichrome staining. The protein expression of NF-κB, TGF-β, p38, P-p38, JNK, P-JNK, ERK and P-ERK was measured by Western blot analysis. RESULTS There were no significant differences regarding SBP, DBP, LVEDP and AERP in the three groups. Compared with the Control group, AF inducibility was increased in the DM group (46/450 vs. 5/450, P<0.05), and markedly reduced by apocynin (46/450 vs. 12/450, P<0.05). Apocynin also attenuated atrial structural remodeling in diabetic rabbits. Western-blot analysis indicated that apocynin reduced the DM-induced increased protein expression of TGF-β, NF-κB, P-p38, P-JNK, ERK and P-ERK. CONCLUSIONS Apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, prevents AF and attenuates atrial remodeling in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuchun Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaying Fu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China.
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Lu YY, Chen YC, Kao YH, Lin YK, Yeh YH, Chen SA, Chen YJ. Colchicine modulates calcium homeostasis and electrical property of HL-1 cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1182-90. [PMID: 26928894 PMCID: PMC4882974 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Colchicine is a microtubule disruptor that reduces the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after an operation or ablation. However, knowledge of the effects of colchicine on atrial myocytes is limited. The aim of this study was to determine if colchicine can regulate calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and attenuate the electrical effects of the extracellular matrix on atrial myocytes. Whole‐cell clamp, confocal microscopy with fluorescence, and western blotting were used to evaluate the action potential and ionic currents of HL‐1 cells treated with and without (control) colchicine (3 nM) for 24 hrs. Compared with control cells, colchicine‐treated HL‐1 cells had a longer action potential duration with smaller intracellular Ca2+ transients and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content by 10% and 47%, respectively. Colchicine‐treated HL‐1 cells showed a smaller L‐type Ca2+ current, reverse mode sodium–calcium exchanger (NCX) current and transient outward potassium current than control cells, but had a similar ultra‐rapid activating outward potassium current and apamin‐sensitive small‐conductance Ca2+‐activated potassium current compared with control cells. Colchicine‐treated HL‐1 cells expressed less SERCA2a, total, Thr17‐phosphorylated phospholamban, Cav1.2, CaMKII, NCX, Kv1.4 and Kv1.5, but they expressed similar levels of the ryanodine receptor, Ser16‐phosphorylated phospholamban and Kv4.2. Colchicine attenuated the shortening of the collagen‐induced action potential duration in HL‐1 cells. These findings suggest that colchicine modulates the atrial electrical activity and Ca2+ regulation and attenuates the electrical effects of collagen, which may contribute to its anti‐AF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yu Lu
- Division of Cardiology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Gabrielli L, Bijnens BH, Brambila C, Duchateau N, Marin J, Sitges-Serra I, Mont L, Brugada J, Sitges M. Differential atrial performance at rest and exercise in athletes: Potential trigger for developing atrial dysfunction? Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 26:1444-1454. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Gabrielli
- IDIBAPS (IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer); Thorax Clinic Institute; Hospital Clínic; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases; Escuela de Medicina; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - B. H. Bijnens
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Barcelona Spain
- ICREA; Barcelona Spain
| | - C. Brambila
- IDIBAPS (IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer); Thorax Clinic Institute; Hospital Clínic; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - N. Duchateau
- IDIBAPS (IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer); Thorax Clinic Institute; Hospital Clínic; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Marin
- IDIBAPS (IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer); Thorax Clinic Institute; Hospital Clínic; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - I. Sitges-Serra
- Consell Catala de l'Esport; Barcelona Spain
- Imesport; Teknon Clinic; Barcelona Spain
| | - L. Mont
- IDIBAPS (IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer); Thorax Clinic Institute; Hospital Clínic; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Brugada
- IDIBAPS (IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer); Thorax Clinic Institute; Hospital Clínic; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Sitges
- IDIBAPS (IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer); Thorax Clinic Institute; Hospital Clínic; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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23
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Rudolph TK, Ravekes T, Klinke A, Friedrichs K, Mollenhauer M, Pekarova M, Ambrozova G, Martiskova H, Kaur JJ, Matthes B, Schwoerer A, Woodcock SR, Kubala L, Freeman BA, Baldus S, Rudolph V. Nitrated fatty acids suppress angiotensin II-mediated fibrotic remodelling and atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 109:174-84. [PMID: 26598510 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Atrial fibrosis, one of the most striking features in the pathology of atrial fibrillation (AF), is promoted by local and systemic inflammation. Electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes, endogenously generated by both metabolic and inflammatory reactions, are anti-inflammatory mediators that in synthetic form may be useful as drug candidates. Herein we investigate whether an exemplary nitro-fatty acid can limit atrial fibrosis and AF. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type C57BL6/J mice were treated for 2 weeks with angiotensin II (AngII) and vehicle or nitro-oleic acid (10-nitro-octadec-9-enoic acid, OA-NO2, 6 mg/kg body weight) via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps. OA-NO2 significantly inhibited atrial fibrosis and depressed vulnerability for AF during right atrial electrophysiological stimulation to levels observed for AngII-naive animals. Left atrial epicardial mapping studies demonstrated preservation of conduction homogeneity by OA-NO2. The protection from fibrotic remodelling was mediated by suppression of Smad2-dependent myofibroblast transdifferentiation and inhibition of Nox2-dependent atrial superoxide formation. CONCLUSION OA-NO2 potently inhibits atrial fibrosis and subsequent AF. Nitro-fatty acids and possibly other lipid electrophiles thus emerge as potential therapeutic agents for AF, either by increasing endogenous levels through dietary modulation or by administration as synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja K Rudolph
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorben Ravekes
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Klinke
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany International Clinical Research Center-Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kai Friedrichs
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Mollenhauer
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Pekarova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. I, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Ambrozova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. I, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Martiskova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. I, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jatinder-Jit Kaur
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Matthes
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alex Schwoerer
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)-Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lukas Kubala
- International Clinical Research Center-Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. I, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephan Baldus
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Volker Rudolph
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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Wang Q, Hu X, Li S, Wang X, Wang J, Zhang R, Sun J, Zhang P, Feng X, Li YG. Association of the angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism with recurrence after catheter ablation of acquired atrial fibrillation. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2015; 16:888-97. [PMID: 26240116 DOI: 10.1177/1470320315594315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies showed that genetic variants of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene conferred higher risk for acquired atrial fibrillation (AF). The present study investigated whether AGT variants correlate with the clinical outcome in patients with acquired AF after catheter ablation (CA). METHODS A total of 150 acquired symptomatic drug-refractory AF patients (mean age 63.7±11.0 years, 24.6% non-paroxysmal AF) with acquired AF underwent a single CA procedure in our department and were included in this retrospective analysis. Eight tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) in the AGT gene were genotyped. Standard electrocardiographs (ECGs) and 24-hour Holter recordings were performed during a median follow-up period of 57.5 months to detect AF recurrence. RESULTS Sixty-one patients (40.7%) suffered AF recurrences after a single CA procedure during follow up. Of the eight tSNPs, the frequency of the M allele of M235T was significantly higher in the recurrence group (28%) compared to the non-recurrence group (18%) (p=0.042). The recurrence rates of patients with the TT, MT, and MM genotypes were 34.4%, 50%, and 55.6%, respectively (ptrend=0.049). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, left atrial volume index (LAVI) and other covariates, M235T increased the risk of AF recurrence in additive and dominant models with odds ratios of 2.023 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.034-3.926, p=0.033) and 2.601 (95% CI: 1.102-6.056, p=0.025), respectively. However, in multiple correction analyses, the p values of multiple comparisons were not statistically significant (pcorrect>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The M allele of M235T might be associated with an increased risk of AF recurrence after CA. Genotyping may thus be helpful on identifying patients with higher risks of AF recurrence after CA and developing optimal follow-up strategies. These strategies may differ and should be individualized according to patients' genotype. Future studies are warranted to validate the potential effect of AGT M235T on AF recurrence post CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunshan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiaofeng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, China
| | - Shuyuan Li
- School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Pengpai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiangfei Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yi-Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
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Irregular rhythm and atrial metabolism are key for the evolution of proarrhythmic atrial remodeling in atrial fibrillation. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:41. [PMID: 26018792 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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He Z, Zhang X, Chen C, Wen Z, Hoopes SL, Zeldin DC, Wang DW. Cardiomyocyte-specific expression of CYP2J2 prevents development of cardiac remodelling induced by angiotensin II. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 105:304-17. [PMID: 25618409 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac remodelling is one of the key pathological changes that occur with cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of CYP2J2 expression on cardiac injury. In the present study, we investigated the effects of cardiomyocyte-specific CYP2J2 expression and EET treatment on angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodelling and sought to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in this process. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old mice with cardiomyocyte-specific CYP2J2 expression (αMHC-CYP2J2-Tr) and wild-type (WT) control mice were treated with Ang-II. Ang-II treatment of WT mice induced changes in heart morphology, cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, as well as collagen accumulation; however, cardiomyocyte-specific expression of CYP2J2 attenuated these effects. The cardioprotective effects observed in α-MHC-CYP2J2-Tr mice were associated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ activation, reduced oxidative stress, reduced NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, and inhibition of TGF-β1/smad pathway. The effects seen with cardiomyocyte-specific expression of CYP2J2 were partially blocked by treatment with PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662. In in vitro studies, 11,12-EET(1 μmol/L) treatment attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and remodelling-related protein (collagen I, TGF-β1, TIMP1) expression by inhibiting the oxidative stress-mediated NF-κB pathway via PPAR-γ activation. Furthermore, conditioned media from neonatal cardiomyocytes treated with 11,12-EET inhibited activation of cardiac fibroblasts and TGF-β1/smad pathway. CONCLUSION Cardiomyocyte-specific expression of CYP2J2 or treatment with EETs protects against cardiac remodelling by attenuating oxidative stress-mediated NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation via PPAR-γ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuowen He
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China
| | - Samantha L Hoopes
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China
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Cartledge JE, Kane C, Dias P, Tesfom M, Clarke L, Mckee B, Al Ayoubi S, Chester A, Yacoub MH, Camelliti P, Terracciano CM. Functional crosstalk between cardiac fibroblasts and adult cardiomyocytes by soluble mediators. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 105:260-70. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Tsai CT, Hsieh CS, Chang SN, Chuang EY, Juang JMJ, Lin LY, Lai LP, Hwang JJ, Chiang FT, Lin JL. Next-generation sequencing of nine atrial fibrillation candidate genes identified novel de novo mutations in patients with extreme trait of atrial fibrillation. J Med Genet 2015; 52:28-36. [PMID: 25391453 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified common variants in nine genomic regions associated with AF (KCNN3, PRRX1, PITX2, WNT8A, CAV1, C9orf3, SYNE2, HCN4 and ZFHX3 genes); however, the genetic variability of these risk variants does not explain the entire genetic susceptibility to AF. Rare variants missed by GWAS may also contribute to genetic risk of AF. METHODS We used an extreme trait design to sequence carefully selected probands with extreme phenotypes and their unaffected parents to identify rare de novo variants or mutations. Based on the hypothesis that common and rare variants may colocate in the same disease susceptibility gene, we used next-generation sequencing to sequence these nine published AF susceptibility genes identified by GWAS (a total of 179 exons) in 20 trios, 200 unrelated patients with AF and 200 non-AF controls. RESULTS We identified a novel mutation in the 5' untranslated region of the PITX2 gene, which localised in the transcriptionally active enhancer region. We also identified one missense exon mutation in KCNN3, two in ZFHX3 and one in SYNE2. None of these mutations were present in other unrelated patients with AF, healthy controls, unaffected parents and are thus novel and de novo (p<10(-4)). Functional study showed that the mutation in the 5' untranslated region of the PITX2 gene significantly downregulated PITX2 expression in atrial myocytes, either in basal condition or during rapid pacing. In silico analysis showed that the missense mutation in ZFHX3 results in damage of the ZFHX3 protein structure. CONCLUSIONS The genetic architecture of subjects with extreme phenotypes of AF is similar to that of rare or Mendelian diseases, and mutations may be the underlying cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ti Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Shan Hsieh
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Eric Y Chuang
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Jimmy Juang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Yu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ping Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Juey-Jen Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tien Chiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Lee Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Cheung JW, McCulloch CA, Santerre JP. Establishing a gingival fibroblast phenotype in a perfused degradable polyurethane scaffold: Mediation by TGF-β1, FGF-2, β1-integrin, and focal adhesion kinase. Biomaterials 2014; 35:10025-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cao H, Zhou Q, Lan R, Røe OD, Chen X, Chen Y, Wang D. A functional polymorphism C-509T in TGFβ-1 promoter contributes to susceptibility and prognosis of lone atrial fibrillation in Chinese population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112912. [PMID: 25402477 PMCID: PMC4234495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is an important mediator of atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation (AF). But the involved genetic mechanism is unknown. Herein, the TGF-β1 C-509 T polymorphism (rs1800469) was genotyped in a case-control study of 840 patients and 845 controls in Chinese population to explore the association between the polymorphism and susceptibility and prognosis of lone AF. As a result, the CT and/or TT genotypes had an increased lone AF risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.50 for CT, OR = 3.72 for TT, and OR = 2.15 for CT/TT], compared with the TGF-β1CC genotype. Moreover, patients carrying CT/TT genotypes showed a higher possibility of AF recurrence after catheter ablation, compared with patients carrying CC genotype. In a genotype-phenotype correlation analysis using 24 normal left atrial appendage samples, increasing gradients of atrial TGF-β1 expression levels positively correlated with atrial collagen volume fraction were identified in samples with CC, CT and TT genotypes. The in vitro luciferase assays also showed a higher luciferase activity of the -509 T allele than that of the -509 C allele. In conclusion, the TGF-β1 C-509 T polymorphism is involved in the etiology of lone AF and thus may be a marker for genetic susceptibility to lone AF and predicting prognosis after catheter ablation in Chinese populations. Therefore, we provide new information about treatment strategies and our understanding of TGF-β1 in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Cao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongfang Lan
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Oluf Dimitri Røe
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijiang Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Mira YELA, Muhuyati, Lu WH, He PY, Liu ZQ, Yang YC. TGF-β1 signal pathway in the regulation of inflammation in patients with atrial fibrillation. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 6:999-1003. [PMID: 24144036 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(13)60180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the expression changes of inflammatory markers TGF-β1, Smad3 and IL-6 in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and to explore the significance of TGF-β1 signaling pathway in the structural remodeling of AF. METHODS The expression of TGF-β1, Smad3 and IL-6 in 50 cases with AF and 30 normal cases were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS The TGF-β1, Smad3 and IL-6 mRNA and protein expression levels in patients with AF were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significantly different between the paroxysmal AF group and the persistent AF group (P>0.05). The TGF-β1mRNA expression in the ⩾ 50 years subgroup was significantly higher than that in the <50 years subgroups, and it was higher in the NYHA III subgroup than in the I/II grade subgroup. It was also higher in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% subgroup than in LVEF ⩾ 50% group, and it was significantly higher in the AF time ⩾ 36 months subgroup than that in <36 months subgroup (P<0.05). The Smad3 and IL-6 expressions in the in the LVEF <50% subgroup were both high that than that in LVEF ⩾ 50% group, and higher in the AF time ⩾ 36 months subgroup than that in <36 months subgroup (P<0.05). There were a positive correlation between TGF-β1, Smad3 and IL-6 (r=0.687, r=0.547). There were also a positive correlation between Smad3 and IL-6 mRNA (r=0.823). CONCLUSIONS AF is associated with inflammation, and the inflammation is also involved in the fibrillation and sustain of AF. The TGF-β1 signal pathway may be involved in the process of atrial structural remodeling in patients with AF, and iss related with the occurrence and maintenance of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Erbo Lati Ali Mira
- Comprehensive Cardiology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
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Nattel S, Harada M. Atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation: recent advances and translational perspectives. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63:2335-45. [PMID: 24613319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.02.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in clinical practice. AF and its complications are responsible for important population morbidity and mortality. Presently available therapeutic approaches have limited efficacy and nontrivial potential to cause adverse effects. Thus, new mechanistic knowledge is essential for therapeutic innovation. Atrial arrhythmogenic remodeling, defined as any change in atrial structure or function that promotes atrial arrhythmias, is central to AF. Remodeling can be due to underlying cardiac conditions, systemic processes and conditions such as aging, or AF itself. Recent work has underlined the importance of remodeling in AF, provided new insights into basic mechanisms, and identified new biomarker/imaging approaches to follow remodeling processes. The importance of intracellular Ca(2+) handling abnormalities has been highlighted, both for the induction of triggered ectopic activity and for the activation of Ca(2+)-related cell signaling that mediates profibrillatory remodeling. The importance of microRNAs, which are a new class of small noncoding sequences that regulate gene expression, has emerged in both electrical and structural remodeling. Remodeling related to aging, cardiac disease, and AF itself is believed to underlie the progressive nature of the arrhythmia, which contributes to the complexities of long-term management. New tools that are being developed to quantify remodeling processes and monitor their progression include novel biomarkers, imaging modalities to quantify/localize fibrosis, and noninvasive monitoring/mapping to better characterize the burden of AF and identify arrhythmic sources. This report reviews recent advances in the understanding of the basic pathophysiology of atrial remodeling and potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Nattel
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Masahide Harada
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Cardiology, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Gabrielli L, Bijnens BH, Butakoff C, Duchateau N, Montserrat S, Merino B, Gutierrez J, Paré C, Mont L, Brugada J, Sitges M. Atrial functional and geometrical remodeling in highly trained male athletes: for better or worse? Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:1143-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Shi KH, Tao H, Yang JJ, Wu JX, Xu SS, Zhan HY. Role of microRNAs in atrial fibrillation: New insights and perspectives. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2079-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Alteration of energy substrates and ROS production in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:461967. [PMID: 24288443 PMCID: PMC3833358 DOI: 10.1155/2013/461967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is initiated by alterations in energy substrates. Despite excess of plasma glucose and lipids, the diabetic heart almost exclusively depends on fatty acid degradation. Glycolytic enzymes and transporters are impaired by fatty acid metabolism, leading to accumulation of glucose derivatives. However, fatty acid oxidation yields lower ATP production per mole of oxygen than glucose, causing mitochondrial uncoupling and decreased energy efficiency. In addition, the oxidation of fatty acids can saturate and cause their deposition in the cytosol, where they deviate to induce toxic metabolites or gene expression by nuclear-receptor interaction. Hyperglycemia, the fatty acid oxidation pathway, and the cytosolic storage of fatty acid and glucose/fatty acid derivatives are major inducers of reactive oxygen species. However, the presence of these species can be essential for physiological responses in the diabetic myocardium.
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Gu J, Liu X, Wang QX, Guo M, Liu F, Song ZP, Zhang DD. Beneficial effects of pioglitazone on atrial structural and electrical remodeling in vitro cellular models. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 65:1-8. [PMID: 24100253 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that atrial remodeling contributes toward atrial fibrillation (AF) maintenance and angiotensin II (AngII) is involved in the pathogenesis of atrial remodeling. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists have been shown to inhibit atrial remodeling. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study we investigated the regulating effects of PPAR-γ agonist on AngII-induced atrial structural and electrical remodeling in vitro cellular models. The effects of pioglitazone on AngII-induced connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression and cell proliferation were assessed in primary-cultured mouse atrial fibroblasts. The influences of pioglitazone on AngII-induced L-type calcium channel (ICa-L) α1c expression and current density were evaluated in atrial myocytes (HL-1). Pioglitazone attenuated AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, and pioglitazone also inhibited the expression or phosphorylation of AngII-induced transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), TGF-β-associated kinase 1 (TAK1) and Smad2/3. In HL-1 cells, pioglitazone suppressed AngII-induced ICa-L α1c expression and current density as well as CAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. Besides, pioglitazone inhibited AngII-induced production of AngII type I receptor (AT1R) and downregulation of PPAR-γ in both atrial fibroblasts and HL-1 cells. In conclusion, Pioglitazone suppresses AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, which might be at least in part related with its inhibitory effects on TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and TGF-β1/TRAF6/TAK1 signaling pathways. Moreover, pioglitazone also attenuates AngII-induced ICa-L remodeling in HL-1 cells, which might be at least in part associated with its inhibitory effect on CREB phosphorylation. It is suggested that PPAR-γ agonist may have potential applications in preventing atrial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Minhang hospital, Ruijin Hospital Group, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Linz D, Hohl M, Nickel A, Mahfoud F, Wagner M, Ewen S, Schotten U, Maack C, Wirth K, Böhm M. Effect of Renal Denervation on Neurohumoral Activation Triggering Atrial Fibrillation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Hypertension 2013; 62:767-74. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by repetitive collapses of the upper airway, negative thoracic pressure periods, and intermittent hypoxia, stimulating the autonomic nervous system. The increased sympathetic drive during obstructive sleep apnea results in postapneic blood pressure rises and neurohumoral activation potentially involved in the initiation and progression to permanent atrial fibrillation (AF). In a pig model mimicking obstructive sleep apnea, we studied the effects of repetitive obstructive respiratory events for 4 hours on the occurrence of spontaneous AF episodes, postapneic blood pressure rises, and neurohumoral activation. In addition, renal sympathetic denervation was performed to investigate the impact of the sympathetic nervous system. Repetitive obstructive respiratory events caused pronounced postapneic blood pressure rises, prolonged duration of spontaneous AF episodes triggered by spontaneous atrial beats, and increased plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentrations. This was associated with increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase activity, reduced antioxidative capacity, and elevated expression of connective tissue growth factor, a redox-sensitive mediator of fibrosis. Renal sympathetic denervation inhibited postapneic blood pressure rises and decreased plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentrations. The occurrence and duration of spontaneous AF were reduced comparable with a combined pharmacological blockade of angiotensin receptor and β-adrenoceptor. Increased atrial oxidative stress, together with the activation of profibrotic pathways and intermittent hypoxia, was not attenuated after renal sympathetic denervation. Repetitive obstructive respiratory events triggered spontaneous AF, increased atrial oxidative stress, and activated profibrotic pathways in the atrium. Renal sympathetic denervation reduced spontaneous AF and postapneic blood pressure rises by combined reduction of sympathetic drive and components of the circulating renin–angiotensin system. However, the generation of atrial oxidative stress was not modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Linz
- From the Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Homburg, Saar, Germany (D.L., M.H., A.N., F.M., M.W., S.E., C.M., M.B.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands (U.S.); and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Aging/Disability of CVC origin, Frankfurt, Germany (K.W.)
| | - Mathias Hohl
- From the Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Homburg, Saar, Germany (D.L., M.H., A.N., F.M., M.W., S.E., C.M., M.B.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands (U.S.); and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Aging/Disability of CVC origin, Frankfurt, Germany (K.W.)
| | - Alexander Nickel
- From the Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Homburg, Saar, Germany (D.L., M.H., A.N., F.M., M.W., S.E., C.M., M.B.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands (U.S.); and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Aging/Disability of CVC origin, Frankfurt, Germany (K.W.)
| | - Felix Mahfoud
- From the Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Homburg, Saar, Germany (D.L., M.H., A.N., F.M., M.W., S.E., C.M., M.B.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands (U.S.); and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Aging/Disability of CVC origin, Frankfurt, Germany (K.W.)
| | - Michael Wagner
- From the Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Homburg, Saar, Germany (D.L., M.H., A.N., F.M., M.W., S.E., C.M., M.B.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands (U.S.); and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Aging/Disability of CVC origin, Frankfurt, Germany (K.W.)
| | - Sebastian Ewen
- From the Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Homburg, Saar, Germany (D.L., M.H., A.N., F.M., M.W., S.E., C.M., M.B.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands (U.S.); and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Aging/Disability of CVC origin, Frankfurt, Germany (K.W.)
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- From the Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Homburg, Saar, Germany (D.L., M.H., A.N., F.M., M.W., S.E., C.M., M.B.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands (U.S.); and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Aging/Disability of CVC origin, Frankfurt, Germany (K.W.)
| | - Christoph Maack
- From the Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Homburg, Saar, Germany (D.L., M.H., A.N., F.M., M.W., S.E., C.M., M.B.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands (U.S.); and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Aging/Disability of CVC origin, Frankfurt, Germany (K.W.)
| | - Klaus Wirth
- From the Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Homburg, Saar, Germany (D.L., M.H., A.N., F.M., M.W., S.E., C.M., M.B.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands (U.S.); and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Aging/Disability of CVC origin, Frankfurt, Germany (K.W.)
| | - Michael Böhm
- From the Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Homburg, Saar, Germany (D.L., M.H., A.N., F.M., M.W., S.E., C.M., M.B.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands (U.S.); and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Aging/Disability of CVC origin, Frankfurt, Germany (K.W.)
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Chen H, Wang J, Xiang MX, Lin Y, He A, Jin CN, Guan J, Sukhova GK, Libby P, Wang JA, Shi GP. Cathepsin S-mediated fibroblast trans-differentiation contributes to left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 100:84-94. [PMID: 23771947 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover plays an important role in left ventricular (LV) remodelling following myocardial infarction (MI). Cysteinyl cathepsins contribute to ECM catabolism in arterial diseases, suggesting their participation in post-MI remodelling. METHODS AND RESULTS Left anterior descending artery ligation-induced MI in mice showed increased expression and activity of cathepsin S (CatS). Administration of a non-selective cathepsin inhibitor, E64d, aggravated LV dysfunction at 7 and 28 days post-MI. Mechanistic studies showed that E64d increased post-MI inflammatory cell accumulation and cytokine expression, but did not affect apoptosis or angiogenesis in infarcted myocardium. Furthermore, E64d suppressed TGF-β1-induced Smad2 and Smad3 activation and expression of fibronectin extra domain A (ED-A), an alternatively spliced fibronectin variant, and subsequently prevented cardiac fibroblast trans-differentiation into myofibroblast, which contributed to post-MI collagen and fibronectin synthesis and deposition. Consistently, selective inhibition or genetically determined deficiency of CatS also reduced myocardial Smad2 and Smad3 activation and ED-A fibronectin expression, thus suppressing fibroblast trans-differentiation and resulting in adverse collagen turnover and impaired cardiac function-recapitulating the findings in mice treated with E64d. CONCLUSION Along with its established activities in ECM degradation, CatS plays novel roles in TGF-β1 signalling, myofibroblast trans-differentiation, and ECM protein synthesis, thereby regulating scar formation in the infarcted myocardium and preserving LV function after experimental MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Park SJ, On YK, Kim JS, Choi JO, Ju ES, Jeong DS, Park PW, Jeon ES. Transforming growth factor β1-mediated atrial fibrotic activity and the recovery of atrial mechanical contraction after surgical maze procedure. Int J Cardiol 2013; 164:232-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lu YY, Chen YC, Kao YH, Chen SA, Chen YJ. Extracellular matrix of collagen modulates arrhythmogenic activity of pulmonary veins through p38 MAPK activation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 59:159-66. [PMID: 23524328 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. Cardiac fibrosis with enhanced extracellular collagen plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of AF through structural and electrical remodeling. Pulmonary veins (PVs) are important foci for AF genesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether collagen can directly modulate PV arrhythmogenesis. Action potentials and ionic currents were investigated in isolated male New Zealand rabbit PV cardiomyocytes with and without collagen incubation (10μg/ml, 5-7h) using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Compared to control PV cardiomyocytes (n=25), collagen-treated PV cardiomyocytes (n=22) had a faster beating rate (3.2±04 vs. 1.9±0.2Hz, p<0.005) and a larger amplitude of delayed afterdepolarization (16±2 vs. 10±1mV, p<0.01). Moreover, collagen-treated PV cardiomyocytes showed a larger transient outward potassium current, small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) current, inward rectifier potassium current, pacemaker current, and late sodium current than control PV cardiomyocytes, but amplitudes of the sodium current, sustained outward potassium current, and L-type calcium current were similar. Collagen increased the p38 MAPK phosphorylation in PV cardiomyocytes as compared to control. The change of the spontaneous activity and action potential morphology were ameliorated by SB203580 (the p38 MAPK catalytic activity inhibitor), indicating that collagen can directly increase PV cardiomyocyte arrhythmogenesis through p38 MAPK activation, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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41
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Chilukoti RK, Mostertz J, Bukowska A, Aderkast C, Felix SB, Busch M, Völker U, Goette A, Wolke C, Homuth G, Lendeckel U. Effects of irbesartan on gene expression revealed by transcriptome analysis of left atrial tissue in a porcine model of acute rapid pacing in vivo. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:2100-8. [PMID: 23414741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by electrical and structural remodeling of the atria with atrial fibrosis being one hallmark. Angiotensin II (AngII) is a major contributing factor and blockage of its type I receptor (AT1R) prevents remodeling to some extent. Here we explored the effects of the AT1R antagonist irbesartan on global gene expression and profibrotic signaling pathways after induction of rapid atrial pacing (RAP) in vivo in pigs. METHODS AND RESULTS Microarray-based RNA profiling was used to screen left atrial (LA) tissue specimens for differences in atrial gene expression in a model of acute RAP. RAP caused an overall expression profile that reflected AngII-induced ROS production, tissue remodeling, and energy depletion. Of special note, the mRNA levels of EDN1, SGK1, and CTGF encoding pro-endothelin, stress- and glucocorticoid activated kinase-1, and of connective tissue growth factor were identified to be significantly increased after 7h of rapid pacing. These specific expression changes were additionally validated by RT-qPCR or immunoblot analyses in LA, RA, and partly in LV samples. All RAP-induced differential gene expression patterns were partially attenuated in the presence of irbesartan. Similar results were obtained after RAP of HL-1 cardiomyocytes in vitro. Furthermore, exogenously added endothelin-1 (ET1) induced CTGF expression concomitant to the transcriptional activation of SGK1 in HL-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS RAP provokes substantial changes in atrial and ventricular myocardial gene expression that could be partly reversed by irbesartan. ET1 contributes to AF-dependent atrial fibrosis by synergistic activity with AngII to stimulate SGK1 expression and enhance phosphorylation of the SGK1 protein which, in turn, induces CTGF. The latter has been consistently associated with tissue fibrosis. These findings suggest ETR antagonists as being beneficial in AF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Chilukoti
- University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Greifswald, Germany
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Zhang P, Su J, Mende U. Cross talk between cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts: from multiscale investigative approaches to mechanisms and functional consequences. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H1385-96. [PMID: 23064834 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01167.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The heart is comprised of a syncytium of cardiac myocytes (CM) and surrounding nonmyocytes, the majority of which are cardiac fibroblasts (CF). CM and CF are highly interspersed in the myocardium with one CM being surrounded by one or more CF. Bidirectional cross talk between CM and CF plays important roles in determining cardiac mechanical and electrical function in both normal and diseased hearts. Genetically engineered animal models and in vitro studies have provided evidence that CM and CF can regulate each other's function. Their cross talk contributes to structural and electrical remodeling in both atria and ventricles and appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of various heart diseases that lead to heart failure and arrhythmia disorders. Mechanisms of CM-CF cross talk, which are not yet fully understood, include release of paracrine factors, direct cell-cell interactions via gap junctions and potentially adherens junctions and nanotubes, and cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. In this article, we provide an overview of the existing multiscale experimental and computational approaches for the investigation of cross talk between CM and CF and review recent progress in our understanding of the functional consequences and underlying mechanisms. Targeting cross talk between CM and CF could potentially be used therapeutically for the modulation of the cardiac remodeling response in the diseased heart and may lead to new strategies for the treatment of heart failure or rhythm disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, USA
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Gu J, Liu X, Wang QX, Tan HW, Guo M, Jiang WF, Zhou L. Angiotensin II increases CTGF expression via MAPKs/TGF-β1/TRAF6 pathway in atrial fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2105-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Wei Y, Liu SW, Zhao LQ, Zhou GQ, Chen SW, Li H. Lysophosphatidic acid as a potential trigger of atrial fibrillation. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:649-52. [PMID: 22922058 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice, but its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Current evidences have highlighted the progression of atrial fibrosis and electrophysiological remodeling in AF development. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), the simplest phospholipid, is associated with fibrotic disease and promotes proliferation of a wide variety of fibroblast. It was demonstrated that LPA stimulation in many cell types such as human endothelial cells, human renal fibroblasts, and myoblasts, significantly upregulates connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression, which acts as a downstream signaling effector for transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to drive fibrosis. We hypothesized that LPA could also evoke growth factor-like responses to atrial fibroblast, and subsequently induce atrial fibrosis to trigger AF. LPA is also verified to involve in numerous electrophysiological activities in non-myocardiocytes. So LPA is a possible cause of AF by initiating fibrosis response and altering electrophysiological properties in atrium. If the hypothesis is confirmed, LPA will act as a new target for AF treatment and administration of LPA receptor blockers may be applied in the prophylaxis of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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45
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Riley G, Syeda F, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L. An introduction to murine models of atrial fibrillation. Front Physiol 2012; 3:296. [PMID: 22934047 PMCID: PMC3429067 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of re-entrant arrhythmias in the past 30 years has allowed the development of almost curative therapies for many rhythm disturbances. The complex, polymorphic arrhythmias of atrial fibrillation (AF) and sudden death are, unfortunately, not yet well understood, and hence still in need of adequate therapy. AF contributes markedly to morbidity and mortality in aging Western populations. In the past decade, many genetically altered murine models have been described and characterized. Here, we review genetically altered murine models of AF; powerful tools that will enable a better understanding of the mechanisms of AF and the assessment of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genna Riley
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK
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46
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Microfabricated electrochemical cell-based biosensors for analysis of living cells in vitro. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2012; 2:127-70. [PMID: 25585708 PMCID: PMC4263572 DOI: 10.3390/bios2020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellular biochemical parameters can be used to reveal the physiological and functional information of various cells. Due to demonstrated high accuracy and non-invasiveness, electrochemical detection methods have been used for cell-based investigation. When combined with improved biosensor design and advanced measurement systems, the on-line biochemical analysis of living cells in vitro has been applied for biological mechanism study, drug screening and even environmental monitoring. In recent decades, new types of miniaturized electrochemical biosensor are emerging with the development of microfabrication technology. This review aims to give an overview of the microfabricated electrochemical cell-based biosensors, such as microelectrode arrays (MEA), the electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) technique, and the light addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS). The details in their working principles, measurement systems, and applications in cell monitoring are covered. Driven by the need for high throughput and multi-parameter detection proposed by biomedicine, the development trends of electrochemical cell-based biosensors are also introduced, including newly developed integrated biosensors, and the application of nanotechnology and microfluidic technology.
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Kiryu M, Niwano S, Niwano H, Kishihara J, Aoyama Y, Fukaya H, Masaki Y, Izumi T. Angiotensin II-mediated up-regulation of connective tissue growth factor promotes atrial tissue fibrosis in the canine atrial fibrillation model. Europace 2012; 14:1206-14. [PMID: 22454409 PMCID: PMC3404558 DOI: 10.1093/europace/eus052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the production of arrhythmogenic substrate for atrial fibrillation (AF), and is considered to be promoted by the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Our objective was to assess the relationship between CTGF and ECM synthesis, and the effect of olmesartan on these processes. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifteen canine AF models were produced by rapid atrial stimulation. They were divided into three groups: pacing control (n = 5): 6-week pacing, pacing + olmesartan (n = 5): pacing with olmesartan (2 mg/kg/day), and non-pacing group (n = 5). In the pacing control group, messenger ribonucleic acid expressions of CTGF and collagen types 1 and 3 were up-regulated in comparison with the non-pacing group (P < 0.05) while transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) did not exhibit a significant difference. In the pacing + olmesartan group, these up-regulations were suppressed (P < 0.05). In fluorescent immunostaining, the expression of CTGF was localized in the cytoplasm. The protein level of collagen type 3 was increased in the pacing control and it was suppressed in the pacing + olmesartan group. CONCLUSIONS CTGF and associated genes were up-regulated in the atria with the appearance of fibrosis. Because this up-regulation was independent of TGF-β and suppressed by olmesartan, CTGF up-regulation was considered to be mediated by angiotensin II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiro Kiryu
- Department of Cardio-Angiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan.
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Goudis CA, Kallergis EM, Vardas PE. Extracellular matrix alterations in the atria: insights into the mechanisms and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation. Europace 2012; 14:623-30. [PMID: 22237583 DOI: 10.1093/europace/eur398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Atrial fibrosis, a detrimental process that causes imbalance in extracellular matrix deposition and degradation, has been implicated as a substrate for atrial fibrillation, but the precise mechanisms of structural remodelling and the relationship between atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation are not completely understood. A large number of experimental and clinical studies have shed light on the mechanisms of atrial fibrosis at the molecular and cellular level, including interactions between matrix metalloproteinases and their endogenous tissue inhibitors, and profibrotic signals through specific molecules and mediators such as angiotensin II, transforming growth factor-β1, connective tissue growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. This review focuses on the mechanisms of atrial fibrosis and highlights the relationship between atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos A Goudis
- Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Voutes 71110, Greece
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49
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Wakili R, Voigt N, Kääb S, Dobrev D, Nattel S. Recent advances in the molecular pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:2955-68. [PMID: 21804195 DOI: 10.1172/jci46315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an extremely common cardiac rhythm disorder that causes substantial morbidity and contributes to mortality. The mechanisms underlying AF are complex, involving both increased spontaneous ectopic firing of atrial cells and impulse reentry through atrial tissue. Over the past ten years, there has been enormous progress in understanding the underlying molecular pathobiology. This article reviews the basic mechanisms and molecular processes causing AF. We discuss the ways in which cardiac disease states, extracardiac factors, and abnormal genetic control lead to the arrhythmia. We conclude with a discussion of the potential therapeutic implications that might arise from an improved mechanistic understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Wakili
- Research Center, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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50
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Dobrev D, Nattel S. New insights into the molecular basis of atrial fibrillation: mechanistic and therapeutic implications. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 89:689-91. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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