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Opdebeeck B, Van den Branden A, Adriaensen S, Orriss IR, Patel JJ, Geryl H, Zwijsen K, D’Haese PC, Verhulst A. β,γ-Methylene-ATP and its metabolite medronic acid affect both arterial media calcification and bone mineralization in non-CKD and CKD rats. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae057. [PMID: 38764790 PMCID: PMC11102572 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Arterial media calcification or pathological deposition of calcium-phosphate crystals in the vessel wall contributes significantly to the high mortality rate observed in patients with CKD. Extracellular nucleotides (ie, ATP or UTP) regulate the arterial calcification process by interacting with (1) purinergic receptors and (2) breakdown via ecto-nucleotidases, such as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase NPP1 or NPP3, affecting the local levels of calcification inhibitor, pyrophosphate, and stimulator inorganic phosphate (PPi/Pi ratio). Also, it has been shown that ATP analogs (ie, β,γ-methylene-ATP [β,γ-meATP]) inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell calcification in vitro. In the first experiment, daily dosing of β,γ-meATP (2 mg/kg) was investigated in rats fed a warfarin diet to trigger the development of non-CKD-related arterial medial calcifications. This study showed that β,γ-meATP significantly lowered the calcium scores in the aorta and peripheral vessels in warfarin-exposed rats. In a second experiment, daily dosing of 4 mg/kg β,γ-meATP and its metabolite medronic acid (MDP) was analyzed in rats fed an adenine diet to promote the development of CKD-related arterial medial calcification. Administration of β,γ-meATP and MDP did not significantly decrease aortic calcification scores in this model. Moreover, both compounds induced deleterious effects on physiological bone mineralization, causing an imminent risk for worsening the already compromised bone status in CKD. Due to this, it was not possible to raise the dosage of both compounds to tackle CKD-related arterial calcification. Again, this points out the difficult task of targeting solely ectopic calcifications without negatively affecting physiological bone mineralization. On the other hand, aortic mRNA expression of Enpp1 and Enpp3 was significantly and positively associated with aortic calcification scores, suggesting that normalizing the aortic NPP1/3 activity to control values might be a possible target to treat (CKD-induced) arterial media calcifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Opdebeeck
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Astrid Van den Branden
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Saar Adriaensen
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - Jessal J Patel
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - Hilde Geryl
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Zwijsen
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Inflamed Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Patrick C D’Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Anja Verhulst
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
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2
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Zhang M, Dai X, Xiang Y, Xie L, Sun M, Shi J. Advances in CD73 inhibitors for immunotherapy: Antibodies, synthetic small molecule compounds, and natural compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115546. [PMID: 37302340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumors, a disease with a high mortality rate worldwide, have become a serious threat to human health. Exonucleotide-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is an emerging target for tumor therapy. Its inhibition can significantly reduce adenosine levels in the tumor microenvironment. It has a better therapeutic effect on adenosine-induced immunosuppression. In the immune response, extracellular ATP exerts immune efficacy by activating T cells. However, dead tumor cells release excess ATP, overexpress CD39 and CD73 on the cell membrane and catabolize this ATP to adenosine. This leads to further immunosuppression. There are a number of inhibitors of CD73 currently under investigation. These include antibodies, synthetic small molecule inhibitors and a number of natural compounds with prominent roles in the anti-tumor field. However, only a small proportion of the CD73 inhibitors studied to date have successfully reached the clinical stage. Therefore, effective and safe inhibition of CD73 in oncology therapy still holds great therapeutic potential. This review summarizes the currently reported CD73 inhibitors, describes their inhibitory effects and pharmacological mechanisms, and provides a brief review of them. It aims to provide more information for further research and development of CD73 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Dai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Linshen Xie
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Minghan Sun
- Central of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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3
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Neels JG, Leftheriotis G, Chinetti G. Atherosclerosis Calcification: Focus on Lipoproteins. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030457. [PMID: 36984897 PMCID: PMC10056669 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids in the vessel wall, leading to the formation of an atheroma and eventually to the development of vascular calcification (VC). Lipoproteins play a central role in the development of atherosclerosis and VC. Both low- and very low-density lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL) and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) stimulate, while high-density lipoproteins (HDL) reduce VC. Apolipoproteins, the protein component of lipoproteins, influence the development of VC in multiple ways. Apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), the main protein component of HDL, has anti-calcific properties, while apoB and apoCIII, the main protein components of LDL and VLDL, respectively, promote VC. The role of lipoproteins in VC is also related to their metabolism and modifications. Oxidized LDL (OxLDL) are more pro-calcific than native LDL. Oxidation also converts HDL from anti- to pro-calcific. Additionally, enzymes such as autotaxin (ATX) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), involved in lipoprotein metabolism, have a stimulatory role in VC. In summary, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which lipoproteins and apolipoproteins contribute to VC will be crucial in the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for VC and its associated cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap G Neels
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06200 Nice, France
| | | | - Giulia Chinetti
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, C3M, 06200 Nice, France
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4
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Calcific aortic valve disease: mechanisms, prevention and treatment. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023:10.1038/s41569-023-00845-7. [PMID: 36829083 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common disorder affecting heart valves and is characterized by thickening, fibrosis and mineralization of the aortic valve leaflets. Analyses of surgically explanted aortic valve leaflets have shown that dystrophic mineralization and osteogenic transition of valve interstitial cells co-occur with neovascularization, microhaemorrhage and abnormal production of extracellular matrix. Age and congenital bicuspid aortic valve morphology are important and unalterable risk factors for CAVD, whereas additional risk is conferred by elevated blood pressure and plasma lipoprotein(a) levels and the presence of obesity and diabetes mellitus, which are modifiable factors. Genetic and molecular studies have identified that the NOTCH, WNT-β-catenin and myocardin signalling pathways are involved in the control and commitment of valvular cells to a fibrocalcific lineage. Complex interactions between valve endothelial and interstitial cells and immune cells promote the remodelling of aortic valve leaflets and the development of CAVD. Although no medical therapy is effective for reducing or preventing the progression of CAVD, studies have started to identify actionable targets.
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5
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Simões AP, Gonçalves FQ, Rial D, Ferreira SG, Lopes JP, Canas PM, Cunha RA. CD73-Mediated Formation of Extracellular Adenosine Is Responsible for Adenosine A 2A Receptor-Mediated Control of Fear Memory and Amygdala Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12826. [PMID: 36361618 PMCID: PMC9653840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) control fear memory and the underlying processes of synaptic plasticity in the amygdala. In other brain regions, A2AR activation is ensured by ATP-derived extracellular adenosine formed by ecto-5'-nucleotidase or CD73. We now tested whether CD73 is also responsible to provide for the activation of A2AR in controlling fear memory and amygdala long-term potentiation (LTP). The bilateral intracerebroventricular injection of the CD73 inhibitor αβ-methylene ADP (AOPCP, 1 nmol/ventricle/day) phenocopied the effect of the A2AR blockade by decreasing the expression of fear memory, an effect disappearing in CD73-knockout (KO) mice and in forebrain neuronal A2AR-KO mice. In the presence of PPADS (20 μM) to eliminate any modification of ATP/ADP-mediated P2 receptor effects, both AOPCP (100 μM) and the A2AR antagonist, SCH58261 (50 nM), decreased LTP magnitude in synapses of projection from the external capsula into the lateral amygdala, an effect eliminated in slices from both forebrain neuronal A2AR-KO mice and CD73-KO mice. These data indicate a key role of CD73 in the process of A2AR-mediated control of fear memory and underlying synaptic plasticity processes in the amygdala, paving the way to envisage CD73 as a new therapeutic target to interfere with abnormal fear-like emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patrícia Simões
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Q. Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Rial
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Samira G. Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M. Canas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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6
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Decano JL, Iwamoto Y, Goto S, Lee JY, Matamalas JT, Halu A, Blaser M, Lee LH, Pieper B, Chelvanambi S, Silva-Nicolau J, Bartoli-Leonard F, Higashi H, Shibata H, Vyas P, Wang J, Gostjeva E, Body SC, Singh SA, Aikawa M, Aikawa E. A disease-driver population within interstitial cells of human calcific aortic valves identified via single-cell and proteomic profiling. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110685. [PMID: 35417712 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity of aortic valves complicates the mechanistic evaluation of the calcification processes in calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), and animal disease models are lacking. In this study, we identify a disease-driver population (DDP) within valvular interstitial cells (VICs). Through stepwise single-cell analysis, phenotype-guided omic profiling, and network-based analysis, we characterize the DDP fingerprint as CD44highCD29+CD59+CD73+CD45low and discover potential key regulators of human CAVD. These DDP-VICs demonstrate multi-lineage differentiation and osteogenic properties. Temporal proteomic profiling of DDP-VICs identifies potential targets for therapy, including MAOA and CTHRC1. In vitro loss-of-function experiments confirm our targets. Such a stepwise strategy may be advantageous for therapeutic target discovery in other disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius L Decano
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yukio Iwamoto
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shinji Goto
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Janey Y Lee
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joan T Matamalas
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arda Halu
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark Blaser
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lang Ho Lee
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brett Pieper
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarvesh Chelvanambi
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica Silva-Nicolau
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francesca Bartoli-Leonard
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Haruki Shibata
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Payal Vyas
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena Gostjeva
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Simon C Body
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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7
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Wang C, Zhang Y, Methawasin M, Braz CU, Gao-Hu J, Yang B, Strom J, Gohlke J, Hacker T, Khatib H, Granzier H, Guo W. RBM20 S639G mutation is a high genetic risk factor for premature death through RNA-protein condensates. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 165:115-129. [PMID: 35041844 PMCID: PMC8940686 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heritable and genetically heterogenous disease often idiopathic and a leading cause of heart failure with high morbidity and mortality. DCM caused by RNA binding motif protein 20 (RBM20) mutations is diverse and needs a more complete mechanistic understanding. RBM20 mutation S637G (S639G in mice) is linked to severe DCM and early death in human patients. In this study, we generated a RBM20 S639G mutation knock-in (KI) mouse model to validate the function of S639G mutation and examine the underlying mechanisms. KI mice exhibited severe DCM and premature death with a ~ 50% mortality in two months old homozygous (HM) mice. KI mice had enlarged atria and increased ANP and BNP biomarkers. The S639G mutation promoted RBM20 trafficking and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules in the sarcoplasm. RNA Seq data revealed differentially expressed and spliced genes were associated with arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, and sudden death. KI mice also showed a reduction of diastolic stiffness and impaired contractility at both the left ventricular (LV) chamber and cardiomyocyte levels. Our results indicate that the RBM20 S639G mutation leads to RNP granules causing severe heart failure and early death and this finding strengthens the novel concept that RBM20 cardiomyopathy is a RNP granule disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yanghai Zhang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mei Methawasin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Camila Urbano Braz
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gao-Hu
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Betty Yang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joshua Strom
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Jochen Gohlke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Timothy Hacker
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hasan Khatib
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Henk Granzier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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8
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Yang L, Yang Y, Liu X, Chen Y, Chen Y, Lin Y, Sun Y, Shen B. CHDGKB: a knowledgebase for systematic understanding of genetic variations associated with non-syndromic congenital heart disease. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2021; 2020:5865522. [PMID: 32608479 PMCID: PMC7327432 DOI: 10.1093/database/baaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects, with complex genetic and environmental etiologies. The reports of genetic variation associated with CHD have increased dramatically in recent years due to the revolutionary development of molecular technology. However, CHD is a heterogeneous disease, and its genetic origins remain inconclusive in most patients. Here we present a database of genetic variations for non-syndromic CHD (NS-CHD). By manually literature extraction and analyses, 5345 NS-CHD-associated genetic variations were collected, curated and stored in the public online database. The objective of our database is to provide the most comprehensive updates on NS-CHD genetic research and to aid systematic analyses of pathogenesis of NS-CHD in molecular level and the correlation between NS-CHD genotypes and phenotypes. Database URL: http://www.sysbio.org.cn/CHDGKB/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.,Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xingyun Liu
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.,Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongquan Chen
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yalan Chen
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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9
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Jablonska P, Kutryb‐Zajac B, Mierzejewska P, Jasztal A, Bocian B, Lango R, Rogowski J, Chlopicki S, Smolenski RT, Slominska EM. The new insight into extracellular NAD + degradation-the contribution of CD38 and CD73 in calcific aortic valve disease. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5884-5898. [PMID: 34142751 PMCID: PMC8256368 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) is crucial for cell energy metabolism and many signalling processes. Recently, we proved the role of ecto-enzymes in controlling adenine nucleotide-dependent pathways during calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). This study aimed to investigate extracellular hydrolysis of NAD+ and mononucleotide nicotinamide (NMN) in aortic valves and aorta fragments of CAVD patients and on the inner aortic surface of ecto-5'-nucleotidase knockout mice (CD73-/-). Human non-stenotic valves (n = 10) actively converted NAD+ and NMN via both CD73 and NAD+ -glycohydrolase (CD38) according to our analysis with RP-HPLC and immunofluorescence. In stenotic valves (n = 50), due to reduced CD73 activity, NAD+ was degraded predominantly by CD38 and additionally by ALP and eNPP1. CAVD patients had significantly higher hydrolytic rates of NAD+ (0.81 ± 0.07 vs 0.56 ± 0.10) and NMN (1.12 ± 0.10 vs 0.71 ± 0.08 nmol/min/cm2 ) compared with controls. CD38 was also primarily engaged in human vascular NAD+ metabolism. Studies using specific ecto-enzyme inhibitors and CD73-/- mice confirmed that CD73 is not the only enzyme involved in NAD+ and NMN hydrolysis and that CD38 had a significant contribution to these pathways. Modifications of extracellular NAD+ and NMN metabolism in aortic valve cells may be particularly important in valve pathology and could be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental TherapeuticsJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | - Barbara Bocian
- Department of Cardiac & Vascular SurgeryMedical University of GdanskGdanskPoland
| | - Romuald Lango
- Department of Cardiac AnaesthesiologyMedical University of GdanskGdanskPoland
| | - Jan Rogowski
- Department of Cardiac & Vascular SurgeryMedical University of GdanskGdanskPoland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental TherapeuticsJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | | | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of BiochemistryMedical University of GdanskGdanskPoland
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10
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Greenberg HZE, Zhao G, Shah AM, Zhang M. Role of oxidative stress in calcific aortic valve disease and its therapeutic implications. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1433-1451. [PMID: 33881501 PMCID: PMC9074995 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the end result of active cellular processes that lead to the progressive fibrosis and calcification of aortic valve leaflets. In western populations, CAVD is a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and in the absence of effective drugs, it will likely represent an increasing disease burden as populations age. As there are currently no pharmacological therapies available for preventing, treating, or slowing the development of CAVD, understanding the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of the disease is important for identifying novel therapeutic targets. Recent evidence has emerged of an important causative role for reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of CAVD, inducing the differentiation of valve interstitial cells into myofibroblasts and then osteoblasts. In this review, we focus on the roles and sources of ROS driving CAVD and consider their potential as novel therapeutic targets for this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Z E Greenberg
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Guoan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Min Zhang
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
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11
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Dias L, Lopes CR, Gonçalves FQ, Nunes A, Pochmann D, Machado NJ, Tomé AR, Agostinho P, Cunha RA. Crosstalk Between ATP-P 2X7 and Adenosine A 2A Receptors Controlling Neuroinflammation in Rats Subject to Repeated Restraint Stress. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:639322. [PMID: 33732112 PMCID: PMC7957057 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.639322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive conditions precipitated by repeated stress are a major socio-economical burden in Western countries. Previous studies showed that ATP-P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) and adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) antagonists attenuate behavioral modifications upon exposure to repeated stress. Since it is unknown if these two purinergic modulation systems work independently, we now investigated a putative interplay between P2X7R and A2AR. Adult rats exposed to restraint stress for 14 days displayed an anxious (thigmotaxis, elevated plus maze), depressive (anhedonia, increased immobility), and amnesic (modified Y maze, object displacement) profile, together with increased expression of Iba-1 (a marker of microglia “activation”) and interleukin-1β (IL1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα; proinflammatory cytokines) and an up-regulation of P2X7R (mRNA) and A2AR (receptor binding) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. All these features were attenuated by the P2X7R-preferring antagonist brilliant blue G (BBG, 45 mg/kg, i.p.) or by caffeine (0.3 g/L, p.o.), which affords neuroprotection through A2AR blockade. Notably, BBG attenuated A2AR upregulation and caffeine attenuated P2X7R upregulation. In microglial N9 cells, the P2X7R agonist BzATP (100 μM) or the A2AR agonist CGS26180 (100 nM) increased calcium levels, which was abrogated by the P2X7R antagonist JNJ47965567 (1 μM) and by the A2AR antagonist SCH58261 (50 nM), respectively; notably JNJ47965567 prevented the effect of CGS21680 and the effect of BzATP was attenuated by SCH58261 and increased by CGS21680. These results provide the first demonstration of a functional interaction between P2X7R and A2AR controlling microglia reactivity likely involved in behavioral adaptive responses to stress and are illustrative of a cooperation between the two arms of the purinergic system in the control of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Dias
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia R Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Nunes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Pochmann
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno J Machado
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Agostinho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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Extracellular Matrix in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: Architecture, Dynamic and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020913. [PMID: 33477599 PMCID: PMC7831300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD) is the most common valvular heart disease in developed countries and in the ageing population. It is strongly correlated to median age, affecting up to 13% of the population over the age of 65. Pathophysiological analysis indicates CAVD as a result of an active and degenerative disease, starting with sclerosis and chronic inflammation and then leaflet calcification, which ultimately can account for aortic stenosis. Although CAVD has been firstly recognized as a passive event mostly resulting from a degenerative aging process, much evidences suggests that calcification arises from different active processes, involving both aortic valve-resident cells (valve endothelial cells, valve interstitial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, innate immunity cells) and circulating cells (circulating mesenchymal cells, immunity cells). Moreover, a role for the cell-derived "matrix vesicles" and extracellular matrix (ECM) components has also been recognized. The aim of this work is to review the cellular and molecular alterations occurring in aortic valve during CAVD pathogenesis, focusing on the role of ECM in the natural course of the disease.
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13
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Extracellular Nucleotides Regulate Arterial Calcification by Activating Both Independent and Dependent Purinergic Receptor Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207636. [PMID: 33076470 PMCID: PMC7589647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial calcification, the deposition of calcium-phosphate crystals in the extracellular matrix, resembles physiological bone mineralization. It is well-known that extracellular nucleotides regulate bone homeostasis raising an emerging interest in the role of these molecules on arterial calcification. The purinergic independent pathway involves the enzymes ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs), ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases), 5′-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase. These regulate the production and breakdown of the calcification inhibitor—pyrophosphate and the calcification stimulator—inorganic phosphate, from extracellular nucleotides. Maintaining ecto-nucleotidase activities in a well-defined range is indispensable as enzymatic hyper- and hypo-expression has been linked to arterial calcification. The purinergic signaling dependent pathway focusses on the activation of purinergic receptors (P1, P2X and P2Y) by extracellular nucleotides. These receptors influence arterial calcification by interfering with the key molecular mechanisms underlying this pathology, including the osteogenic switch and apoptosis of vascular cells and possibly, by favoring the phenotypic switch of vascular cells towards an adipogenic phenotype, a recent, novel hypothesis explaining the systemic prevention of arterial calcification. Selective compounds influencing the activity of ecto-nucleotidases and purinergic receptors, have recently been developed to treat arterial calcification. However, adverse side-effects on bone mineralization are possible as these compounds reasonably could interfere with physiological bone mineralization.
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14
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Kutryb-Zajac B, Jablonska P, Serocki M, Bulinska A, Mierzejewska P, Friebe D, Alter C, Jasztal A, Lango R, Rogowski J, Bartoszewski R, Slominska EM, Chlopicki S, Schrader J, Yacoub MH, Smolenski RT. Nucleotide ecto-enzyme metabolic pattern and spatial distribution in calcific aortic valve disease; its relation to pathological changes and clinical presentation. Clin Res Cardiol 2020; 109:137-160. [PMID: 31144065 PMCID: PMC6989624 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-019-01495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular nucleotide metabolism contributes to chronic inflammation, cell differentiation, and tissue mineralization by controlling nucleotide and adenosine concentrations and hence its purinergic effects. This study investigated location-specific changes of extracellular nucleotide metabolism in aortic valves of patients with calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Individual ecto-enzymes and adenosine receptors involved were analyzed together with correlation with CAVD severity and risk factors. RESULTS Nucleotide and adenosine degradation rates were adversely modified on the aortic surface of stenotic valve as compared to ventricular side, including decreased ATP removal (1.25 ± 0.35 vs. 2.24 ± 0.61 nmol/min/cm2) and adenosine production (1.32 ± 0.12 vs. 2.49 ± 0.28 nmol/min/cm2) as well as increased adenosine deamination (1.28 ± 0.31 vs. 0.67 ± 0.11 nmol/min/cm2). The rates of nucleotide to adenosine conversions were lower, while adenosine deamination was higher on the aortic sides of stenotic vs. non-stenotic valve. There were no differences in extracellular nucleotide metabolism between aortic and ventricular sides of non-stenotic valves. Furthermore, nucleotide degradation rates, measured on aortic side in CAVD (n = 62), negatively correlated with echocardiographic and biochemical parameters of disease severity (aortic jet velocity vs. ATP hydrolysis: r = - 0.30, p < 0.05; vs. AMP hydrolysis: r = - 0.44, p < 0.001; valvular phosphate concentration vs. ATP hydrolysis: r = - 0.26, p < 0.05; vs. AMP hydrolysis: r = - 0.25, p = 0.05) while adenosine deamination showed positive correlation trend with valvular phosphate deposits (r = 0.23, p = 0.07). Nucleotide and adenosine conversion rates also correlated with CAVD risk factors, including hyperlipidemia (AMP hydrolysis vs. serum LDL cholesterol: r = - 0.28, p = 0.05; adenosine deamination vs. total cholesterol: r = 0.25, p = 0.05; LDL cholesterol: r = 0.28, p < 0.05; triglycerides: r = 0.32, p < 0.05), hypertension (adenosine deamination vs. systolic blood pressure: r = 0.28, p < 0.05) and thrombosis (ATP hydrolysis vs. prothrombin time: r = - 0.35, p < 0.01). Functional assays as well as histological and immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and RT-PCR studies identified all major ecto-enzymes engaged in nucleotide metabolism in aortic valves that included ecto-nucleotidases, alkaline phosphatase, and ecto-adenosine deaminase. We have shown that changes in nucleotide-converting ecto-enzymes were derived from their altered activities on valve cells and immune cell infiltrate. We have also demonstrated a presence of A1, A2a and A2b adenosine receptors with diminished expression of A2a and A2b in stenotic vs. non-stenotic valves. Finally, we revealed that augmenting adenosine effects by blocking adenosine deamination with deoxycoformycin decreased aortic valve thickness and reduced markers of calcification via adenosine-dependent pathways in a mouse model of CAVD. CONCLUSIONS This work highlights profound changes in extracellular nucleotide and adenosine metabolism in CAVD. Altered extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis and degradation of adenosine in stenotic valves may affect purinergic responses to support a pro-stenotic milieu and valve calcification. This emphasizes a potential mechanism and target for prevention and therapy. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Jablonska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Serocki
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107 Street, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alicja Bulinska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Daniela Friebe
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Alter
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzyńskiego 14 Street, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Romuald Lango
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jan Rogowski
- Chair and Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107 Street, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzyńskiego 14 Street, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Magdi H Yacoub
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College of London at Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
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15
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Shih E, Squiers JJ, Baxter RD, DiMaio JM. Commentary: Molecular pathogenesis of aortic stenosis: Will the puzzle pieces ever fit together? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 161:e19-e20. [PMID: 31916993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Shih
- Department of Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Tex
| | - John J Squiers
- Department of Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Tex
| | - Ronald D Baxter
- Department of Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Tex; Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, The Heart Hospital Plano, Plano, Tex
| | - J Michael DiMaio
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, The Heart Hospital Plano, Plano, Tex; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Heart Hospital Plano, Plano, Tex.
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16
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Structure-activity relationship study of NPP1 inhibitors based on uracil-N1-(methoxy)ethyl-β-phosphate scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 184:111754. [PMID: 31610377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase-1 (NPP1) is associated with diseases such as calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease, calcific aortic valve disease, and type 2 diabetes. In this context, NPP1 inhibitors are potential drug candidates for the treatment of these diseases. The present study focuses on the analysis of the structure-activity relationship of NPP1 inhibitors based on acyclic uracil-nucleotides. For this purpose, we synthesized acyclic uridine-monophosphate analogs, 10-11, uridine-diphosphate analogs, 12-14, and uridine-Pα,α-dithio-triphosphate analogs, 15-17. We evaluated their inhibitory activity and selectivity towards NPP1, -3, NTPDase1, -2, -3, and -8, and P2Y2,4,6 receptors. Analogs 16 and 17 were the most selective and potent NPP1 inhibitors (Ki 0.94 and 0.73 μM, respectively) among the tested molecules. Analogs 10-17 had only minute effect on uracil-nucleotide responding P2Y2,4,6 receptors. Analog 17 (100 μM) displayed 96% inhibition of NPPase activity in osteoarthritic human chondrocytes. Analogs 14-17 displayed weak inhibitory effect on alkaline phosphatase activity at equimolar concentrations in human chondrocytes. All tested analogs showed no toxicity at human chondrocytes. We concluded that ribose-ring to chain transformation, as well as the type of the nucleobase, are parameters of minor significance to NPP1 inhibition, whereas the major parameter is Pα-dithio-substitution. In addition, the length of the phosphate chain also significantly affects inhibition. Overall, the experimental results were well reproduced by molecular docking. A correlation was observed between the activities of the compounds and the number of H-bonds and salt bridges formed between the inhibitors and NPP1 binding site residues. Uracil-N1-(methoxy)ethyl-β-Pα,α-dithio, Pβ,γ-methylene tri-phosphate, 17, was identified as the most potent, selective, and non-toxic NPP1 inhibitor among the tested analogs, and may be used as a lead structure for further drug development.
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17
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Kudryavtsev I, Serebriakova M, Zhiduleva E, Murtazalieva P, Titov V, Malashicheva A, Shishkova A, Semenova D, Irtyuga O, Isakov D, Mitrofanova L, Moiseeva O, Golovkin A. CD73 Rather Than CD39 Is Mainly Involved in Controlling Purinergic Signaling in Calcified Aortic Valve Disease. Front Genet 2019; 10:604. [PMID: 31402927 PMCID: PMC6669234 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to compare composition of peripheral blood T-cell subsets and assess their surface expression of CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases in patients with severe and moderate aortic stenosis (AS) as well as to evaluate involvement of T-cell-mediated immune processes in valve calcification. The study was performed with 38 patients suffering from severe calcified aortic stenosis (SAS), 33 patients with MAS, and 30 apparently healthy volunteers (HVs). The relative distribution and percentage of T-cell subsets expressing CD39 and CD73 were evaluated by flow cytometry. T helper (Th) and cytotoxic T-cell subsets (Tcyt) were identified by using CD3, CD4, and CD8 antibodies. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) were characterized by the expression of CD3, CD4, and high IL-2R alpha chain (CD25high) levels. CD45R0 and CD62L were used to assess differentiation stage of Th, Tcyt, and Treg subsets. It was found that MAS and SAS patients differed in terms of relative distribution of Tcyt and absolute number of Treg. Moreover, the absolute number of Tcyt and terminally differentiated CD45RA-positive effector T-cells (TEMRA) subset was significantly higher in SAS vs. MAS patients and HVs. However, the absolute and relative number of naïve Th and the absolute number of Treg were significantly higher in MAS vs. SAS patients; the relative number of naïve Tregs was significantly (p < 0.01) decreased in SAS patients. It was shown that CD73 expression was significantly higher in SAS vs. MAS patients noted in all EM, CM, TEMRA, and naïve Th cell subsets. However, only the latter were significantly increased (p = 0.003) in patients compared with HVs. SAS vs. MAS patients were noted to have significantly higher percentage of CD73+ EM Tcyt (p = 0.006) and CD73+ CM Tcyt (p = 0.002). The expression of CD73 in patients significantly differed in all three Treg populations such as EM (p = 0.049), CM (p = 0.044), and naïve (p < 0.001). No significant differences in CD39 expression level was found in MAS and SAS patients compared with the HV group. Overall, the data obtained demonstrated that purinergic signaling was involved in the pathogenesis of aortic stenosis and calcification potentially acting via various cell types, wherein among enzymes, degrading extracellular ATP CD73 rather than CD39 played a prominent role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kudryavtsev
- Institution of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Vladislav Titov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Daria Semenova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Irtyuga
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry Isakov
- Institution of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Olga Moiseeva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Golovkin
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
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18
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Nassir M, Arad U, Lee SY, Journo S, Mirza S, Renn C, Zimmermann H, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Müller CE, Fischer B. Identification of adenine-N9-(methoxy)ethyl-β-bisphosphonate as NPP1 inhibitor attenuates NPPase activity in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:247-263. [PMID: 31025169 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of extracellular diphosphate due to hydrolysis of ATP by NPP1 leads to pathological calcium diphosphate (pyrophosphate) dihydrate deposition (CPPD) in cartilage, resulting in a degenerative joint disease that today lacks a cure. Here, we targeted the identification of novel NPP1 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for CPPD deposition disease. Specifically, we synthesized novel analogs of AMP (NPP1 reaction product) and ADP (NPP1 inhibitor). These derivatives incorporate several chemical modifications of the natural nucleotides including (1) a methylene group replacing the Pα,β-bridging oxygen atom to provide metabolic resistance, (2) sulfonate group(s) replacing phosphonate(s) to improve binding to NPP1's catalytic zinc ions, (3) an acyclic nucleotide analog to allow flexible binding in the NPP1 catalytic site, and (4) a benzimidazole base replacing adenine. Among the investigated compounds, adenine-N9-(methoxy)ethyl-β-bisphosphonate, 10, was identified as an NPP1 inhibitor (Ki 16.3 μM vs. the artificial substrate p-nitrophenyl thymidine-5'-monophosphate (p-Nph-5'-TMP), and 9.60 μM vs. the natural substrate, ATP). Compound 10 was selective for NPP1 vs. human NPP3, human CD39, and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), but also inhibited human CD73 (Ki 12.6 μM). Thus, 10 is a dual NPP1/CD73 inhibitor, which could not only be of interest for treating CPPD deposition disease and calcific aortic valve disease but may also be considered for the immunotherapy of cancer. Compound 10 proved to be a promising inhibitor, which almost completely reduces NPPase activity in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes at a concentration of 100 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molhm Nassir
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Uri Arad
- Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sang-Yong Lee
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shani Journo
- Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Renn
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Herbert Zimmermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe-University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bilha Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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19
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CD39 and CD73 in the aortic valve-biochemical and immunohistochemical analysis in valve cell populations and its changes in valve mineralization. Cardiovasc Pathol 2018; 36:53-63. [PMID: 30056298 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a common heart pathology that involves inflammation, fibrosis, and calcification of aortic valve leaflets. All these processes could be affected by changes in the extracellular purinergic signaling that depend on the activity of ectonucleotidases, mainly ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39, eNTPD1) and ecto-5'nucleotidase (CD73, e5NT). OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We investigated the localization of CD39 and CD73 proteins in human noncalcified and calcified aortic valves using immunohistochemistry together with analysis of NTPDases and e5NT activities in aortic valve homogenates by analysis of substrate into product conversion by high-performance liquid chromatography. We also measured the rates of extracellular nucleotide catabolism on the surface of isolated cultured aortic valve endothelial (hAVECs) and interstitial cells (hAVICs) as well as characterized cellular CD39 and CD73 distribution. RESULTS In noncalcified valves, CD39 and CD73 were expressed in both endothelial and interstitial cells, while in calcified valves, the expressions of CD39 and CD73 were significantly down-regulated with the exception of calcified regions where the expression of CD73 was maintained. This correlated with activities in valve homogenates. NTPDase was reduced by 35% and e5NT activity by 50% in calcified vs. noncalcified valve. CD39 and CD73 were present mainly in the cell membrane of hAVECs, but in hAVICs, these proteins were also present intracellularly. The rates of extracellular adenosine triphosphate and adenosine monophosphate hydrolysis in isolated hAVECs and hAVICs were comparable. CONCLUSION The presence of ectonucleotidases in valves and especially in aortic valve interstitial cells highlights important local role of purinergic signaling and metabolism. Changes in the local expression and hence the activity of CD39 and CD73 in calcified valves suggest their potential role in CAVD.
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20
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Nsaibia MJ, Boulanger MC, Bouchareb R, Mkannez G, Le Quang K, Hadji F, Argaud D, Dahou A, Bossé Y, Koschinsky ML, Pibarot P, Arsenault BJ, Marette A, Mathieu P. OxLDL-derived lysophosphatidic acid promotes the progression of aortic valve stenosis through a LPAR1-RhoA-NF-κB pathway. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1351-1363. [PMID: 28472283 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Oxidatively modified lipoproteins may promote the development/progression of calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS). Oxidative transformation of low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) generates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a lipid mediator that accumulates in mineralized aortic valves. LPA activates at least six different G protein-coupled receptors, which may play a role in the pathophysiology of CAVS. We hypothesized that LPA derived from OxLDL may promote a NF-κB signature that drives osteogenesis in the aortic valve. Methods and results The role of OxLDL-LPA was examined in isolated valve interstitial cells (VICs) and the molecular pathway was validated in human explanted aortic valves and in a mouse model of CAVS. We found that OxLDL-LPA promoted the mineralization and osteogenic transition of VICs through LPAR1 and the activation of a RhoA-NF-κB pathway. Specifically, we identified that RhoA/ROCK activated IκB kinase alpha, which promoted the phosphorylation of p65 on serine 536 (p65 pS536). p65 pS536 was recruited to the BMP2 promoter and directed an osteogenic program not responsive to the control exerted by the inhibitor of kappa B. In LDLR-/-/ApoB100/100/IGFII transgenic mice (IGFII), which develop CAVS under a high-fat and high-sucrose diet the administration of Ki16425, a Lpar1 blocker, reduced by three-fold the progression rate of CAVS and also decreased the osteogenic activity as measured with a near-infrared fluorescent probe that recognizes hydroxyapatite of calcium. Conclusions OxLDL-LPA promotes an osteogenic program in the aortic valve through a LPAR1-RhoA/ROCK-p65 pS536 pathway. LPAR1 may represent a suitable target to prevent the progression of CAVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Jalloul Nsaibia
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec, Quebec G1V-4G5, Canada
| | - Marie-Chloé Boulanger
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec, Quebec G1V-4G5, Canada
| | - Rihab Bouchareb
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec, Quebec G1V-4G5, Canada
| | - Ghada Mkannez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec, Quebec G1V-4G5, Canada
| | - Khai Le Quang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec, Quebec G1V-4G5, Canada
| | - Fayez Hadji
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec, Quebec G1V-4G5, Canada
| | - Deborah Argaud
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec, Quebec G1V-4G5, Canada
| | - Abdellaziz Dahou
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Philippe Pibarot
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoit J Arsenault
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec, Quebec G1V-4G5, Canada
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21
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Weber A, Barth M, Selig JI, Raschke S, Dakaras K, Hof A, Hesse J, Schrader J, Lichtenberg A, Akhyari P. Enzymes of the purinergic signaling system exhibit diverse effects on the degeneration of valvular interstitial cells in a 3-D microenvironment. FASEB J 2018; 32:4356-4369. [PMID: 29558203 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701326r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease is an active disease process with lipoprotein deposition, chronic inflammation, and progressive leaflet degeneration. Expression of ectonucleotidases, a group of membrane-bound enzymes that regulate the metabolism of ATP and its metabolites, may coregulate the degeneration process of valvular interstitial cells (VICs). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the enzymes of the purinergic system in the degeneration process of VICs. Ovine VICs were cultivated in vitro under different prodegenerative conditions and treated with inhibitors of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39)/ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), and 5'-nucleotidase (CD73), as well as with adenosine and adenosine receptor agonists. Experiments were performed both in 2-dimensional (2-D) and 3-dimensional (3-D) cell-culture models. Our main findings were that VICs continuously release ATP. Inhibition of ATP hydrolyzing enzymes (CD39 and ENPP1) resulted in profound prodegenerative effects with a vigorous up-regulation of CD39, ENPP1, and CD73, as well as TGF-β1 and osteopontin at the gene level. In our 3-D model, the effect was more pronounced than in 2-D monolayers. Increasing adenosine levels, as well as stimulating the adenosine receptors A2A and A2B, exhibited strong prodegenerative effects, whereas conversely, lowering adenosine levels by inhibition of CD73 resulted in protective effects against degeneration. Dysregulation of any one of these enzymes plays an important role in the degeneration process of VICs. Stimulation of ATP and adenosine has prodegenerative effects, whereas lowering the adenosine levels exerts a protective effect.-Weber, A., Barth, M., Selig, J. I., Raschke, S., Dakaras, K., Hof, A., Hesse, J., Schrader, J., Lichtenberg, A., Akhyari, P. Enzymes of the purinergic signaling system exhibit diverse effects on the degeneration of valvular interstitial cells in a 3-D microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Weber
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Mareike Barth
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica Isabel Selig
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Silja Raschke
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Dakaras
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Hof
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Hesse
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
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22
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Olkowicz M, Jablonska P, Rogowski J, Smolenski RT. Simultaneous accurate quantification of HO-1, CD39, and CD73 in human calcified aortic valves using multiple enzyme digestion - filter aided sample pretreatment (MED-FASP) method and targeted proteomics. Talanta 2018; 182:492-499. [PMID: 29501184 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Several proteins such as membrane-associated ectonucleotidases: ecto-5'-nucleotidase (E5NT/CD73) and ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1/CD39), and intracellular heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) may contribute to protection from inflammation-related diseases such as calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAS). Accurate quantification of these proteins could contribute to better understanding of the disease mechanisms and identification of biomarkers. This report presents development and validation of quantification method for E5NT/CD73, ENTPD1/CD39 and HO-1. The multiplexed targeted proteomic assay involved antibody-free, multiple-enzyme digestion, filter-assisted sample preparation (MED-FASP) strategy and a nanoflow liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry under multiple reaction monitoring mode (LC-MRM/MS). The method developed presented high sensitivity (LLOQ of 5 pg/mL for each of the analytes) and accuracy that ranged from 92.0% to 107.0%, and was successfully applied for the absolute quantification of HO-1, CD39 and CD73 proteins in homogenates of human calcified and non-calcified valves. The absolute CD39 and CD73 concentrations were lower in calcified aortic valves (as compared to non-stenotic ones) and were found to be: 1.16 ± 0.39 vs. 3.15 ± 0.37 pmol/mg protein and 1.94 ± 0.21 vs. 2.39 ± 0.39 pmol/mg protein, respectively, while the quantity of HO-1 was elevated in calcified valves (10.72 ± 1.18 vs. 4.28 ± 0.42 amol/mg protein). These results were consistent but more reproducible as compared to immunoassays. In conclusion, multiplexed quantification of HO-1, CD39 and CD73 proteins by LC-MRM/MS works well in challenging human tissues such as aortic valves. This analysis confirmed the relevance of these proteins in pathogenesis of CAS and could be extended to other biomedical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Olkowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-627 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Jablonska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jan Rogowski
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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23
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Gal D, Sipido KR, Vandevelde W. Editorial highlights from Cardiovascular Research. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:e64-e68. [PMID: 29186440 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Gal
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin R Sipido
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Vandevelde
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Abstract
Untreated, severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis is associated with a dismal prognosis. The only treatment shown to improve survival is aortic valve replacement; however, before symptoms occur, aortic stenosis is preceded by a silent, latent phase characterized by a slow progression at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. In theory, specific medical therapy should halt aortic stenosis progression, reduce its hemodynamic repercussions on left ventricular function and remodeling, and improve clinical outcomes. In the present report, we performed a systematic review of studies focusing on the medical treatment of patients with aortic stenosis. Lipid-lowering therapy, antihypertensive drugs, and anticalcific therapy have been the main drug classes studied in this setting and are reviewed in depth. A critical appraisal of the preclinical and clinical evidence is provided, and future research avenues are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Marquis-Gravel
- From Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (G.M.-G., P.G.); Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (B.R., M.B.L., P.G.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (B.R.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.B.L., P.G.); and Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (P.G.)
| | - Björn Redfors
- From Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (G.M.-G., P.G.); Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (B.R., M.B.L., P.G.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (B.R.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.B.L., P.G.); and Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (P.G.)
| | - Martin B Leon
- From Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (G.M.-G., P.G.); Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (B.R., M.B.L., P.G.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (B.R.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.B.L., P.G.); and Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (P.G.)
| | - Philippe Généreux
- From Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (G.M.-G., P.G.); Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (B.R., M.B.L., P.G.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (B.R.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.B.L., P.G.); and Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (P.G.).
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25
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Kaniewska-Bednarczuk E, Mielcarek M, Chester AH, Slominska EM, Yacoub MH, Smolenski RT. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins enhance expression and activity of CD39 and CD73 in the human aortic valve endothelium. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 35:713-719. [PMID: 27906627 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2016.1163377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides regulate thrombosis, inflammation, and immune response. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) convert extracellular nucleotides in a sequential order: ATP to ADP, AMP, and then to adenosine. In this study, we aimed to test an effect of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) on CD39 and CD73 in endothelial cells. Human aortic valve endothelial cells were exposed to ox-LDL for 24-48 h. Next, the activity, protein expression, and mRNA transcripts level of CD39 and CD73 were characterized by an incubation with ATP or AMP followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of media as well as western blots and qPCR. CD73 activity in human valve endothelial cells was increased in presence of ox-LDL (4.04 ± 0.32 nmol/mg prot./min, mean +/- SEM) as compared with control (2.75 ± 0.21 nmol/mg prot/min). There was almost no effect of ox-LDL on CD39 activity. A similar effect was observed for mRNA and protein expression. In conclusion, we found that ox-LDL modulated CD39 and CD73 activity in the endothelium, which may contribute to relevant pathologies and featured treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kaniewska-Bednarczuk
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland.,b Heart Science Centre , Imperial College London at Harefield Hospital , Harefield , UK
| | - Michał Mielcarek
- c Department of Life Sciences , Imperial College London , London, UK
| | - Adrian H Chester
- b Heart Science Centre , Imperial College London at Harefield Hospital , Harefield , UK
| | - Ewa M Slominska
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Magdi H Yacoub
- b Heart Science Centre , Imperial College London at Harefield Hospital , Harefield , UK
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
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26
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Kochan Z, Karbowska J, Gogga P, Kutryb-Zajac B, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Polymorphism in exon 6 of the human NT5E gene is associated with aortic valve calcification. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 35:726-731. [PMID: 27906615 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2016.1180393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
NT5E encodes ecto-5'-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73) which hydrolyses extracellular AMP to adenosine. Adenosine has been shown to play a protective role against aortic valve calcification (AVC). We identified two nonsynonymous missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (c.1126A > G, p.T376A and c.1136T > C, p.M379T) in exon 6 of the human NT5E gene. Since both substitutions might affect e5NT activity and consequently alter extracellular adenosine levels, we evaluated the association between NT5E alleles and calcific aortic valve disease in 119 patients (95 patients with AVC and 24 controls). In AVC patients, the frequency of the G allele at c.1126 and the frequency of the GG genotype as well as the frequency of the C allele at c.1136, and the frequencies of CC and TC genotypes tended to be higher as compared to controls. The allele and genotype frequencies in AVC patients and controls were also compared to those calculated from the 1000 Genomes Project data for control individuals of European ancestry (n = 503). We found that the frequency of the C allele at c.1136 is significantly higher in patients with AVC than in the European controls (0.111 vs. 0.054, P = 0.0052). Moreover, e5NT activity in aortic valves showed a trend toward lower levels in AVC patients with CC and TC genotypes than in those with the TT genotype. Our findings indicate that the genetic polymorphism of NT5E may contribute to the pathogenesis of calcific aortic valve disease and that the C allele of SNP c.1136 is associated with an increased risk of AVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdzislaw Kochan
- a Department of Food Hygiene , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Joanna Karbowska
- b Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Patrycja Gogga
- a Department of Food Hygiene , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | | | - Ewa M Slominska
- b Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- b Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
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27
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Zukowska P, Kutryb-Zajac B, Jasztal A, Toczek M, Zabielska M, Borkowski T, Khalpey Z, Smolenski RT, Slominska EM. Deletion of CD73 in mice leads to aortic valve dysfunction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1464-1472. [PMID: 28192180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aortic stenosis is known to involve inflammation and thrombosis. Changes in activity of extracellular enzyme - ecto-5'-nucleotidase (referred also as CD73) can alter inflammatory and thrombotic responses. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CD73 deletion in mice on development of aortic valve dysfunction and to compare it to the effect of high-fat diet. Four groups of mice (normal-diet Wild Type (WT), high-fat diet WT, normal diet CD73-/-, high-fat diet CD73-/-) were maintained for 15weeks followed by echocardiographic analysis of aortic valve function, measurement of aortic surface activities of nucleotide catabolism enzymes as well as alkaline phosphatase activity, mineral composition and histology of aortic valve leaflets. CD73-/- knock out led to an increase in peak aortic flow (1.06±0.26m/s) compared to WT (0.79±0.26m/s) indicating obstruction. Highest values of peak aortic flow (1.26±0.31m/s) were observed in high-fat diet CD73-/- mice. Histological analysis showed morphological changes in CD73-/- including thickening and accumulation of dark deposits, proved to be melanin. Concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ and PO43- in valve leaflets were elevated in CD73-/- mice. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was enhanced after ATP treatment and reduced after adenosine treatment in aortas incubated in osteogenic medium. AMP hydrolysis in CD73-/- was below 10% of WT. Activity of ecto-adenosine deaminase (eADA), responsible for adenosine deamination, in the CD73-/- was 40% lower when compared to WT. Deletion of CD73 in mice leads to aortic valve dysfunction similar to that induced by high-fat diet suggesting important role of this surface protein in maintaining heart valve integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zukowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - B Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - A Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Toczek
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - M Zabielska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - T Borkowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Z Khalpey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tuscon, United States
| | - R T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - E M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
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28
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Jalkanen J, Hollmén M, Jalkanen S, Hakovirta H. Regulation of CD73 in the development of lower limb atherosclerosis. Purinergic Signal 2016; 13:127-134. [PMID: 27832456 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process of the arterial wall. CD73 (also known as ecto-5'-nucleotidase) is a key regulator of cell signaling in response to inflammation and hypoxia, and may be important in the development of atherosclerosis. Recently, we have shown that high CD73 activity can be detected in the serum of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Using this same PAD patient cohort of 226 subjects with 38 femoral artery samples obtained during surgical endarcterectomy and control artery samples taken during autopsy, we explored the association of serum CD73 activity with overall atherosclerotic burden and the expression of CD73 in mature and developing plaques. Interestingly, we found that CD73 activity had a tendency to increase along with more severe presentation of PAD (from 249 nmol/mL/h in moderate disease to 332 nmol/mL/h in severe disease; P = 0.013) and that CD73 expression is elevated in the vasa vasorum of developing plaques, but completely lost in mature occlusive plaques removed during endarcterectomy (P < 0.001). The current findings implicate that as a result of shedding and loss of CD73 from the arterial wall, CD73 activity is elevated in the serum of patients with widespread atherosclerosis. These findings highlight the importance of a better understanding of the local role of CD73 in the development and maturation of arterial atherosclerotic plaques in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Jalkanen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Hämeenkatu 11, 20521, Turku, Finland.
| | - Maija Hollmén
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Tykistönkatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Tykistönkatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Hakovirta
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Hämeenkatu 11, 20521, Turku, Finland
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29
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Hadji F, Boulanger MC, Guay SP, Gaudreault N, Amellah S, Mkannez G, Bouchareb R, Marchand JT, Nsaibia MJ, Guauque-Olarte S, Pibarot P, Bouchard L, Bossé Y, Mathieu P. Altered DNA Methylation of Long Noncoding RNA H19 in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease Promotes Mineralization by Silencing NOTCH1. Circulation 2016; 134:1848-1862. [PMID: 27789555 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.023116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcific aortic valve disease is characterized by an abnormal mineralization of the aortic valve. Osteogenic activity in the aortic valve is under the control of NOTCH1, which regulates the expression of key pro-osteogenic genes such as RUNX2 and BMP2. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may reprogram cells by altering the gene expression pattern. METHODS Multidimensional genomic profiling was performed in human aortic valves to document the expression of lncRNAs and the DNA methylation pattern in calcific aortic valve disease. In-depth functional assays were carried out to document the impact of lncRNA on the mineralization of the aortic valve. RESULTS We documented that lncRNA H19 (H19) was increased in calcific aortic valve disease. Hypomethylation of the promoter region was observed in mineralized aortic valves and was inversely associated with H19 expression. Knockdown and overexpression experiments showed that H19 induces a strong osteogenic phenotype by altering the NOTCH1 pathway. Gene promoter analyses showed that H19 silenced NOTCH1 by preventing the recruitment of p53 to its promoter. A knockdown of H19 in valve interstitial cells (VICs) increased the expression of NOTCH1 and decreased the level of RUNX2 and BMP2, 2 downstream targets repressed by NOTCH1. In rescue experiments, the transfection of a vector encoding for the active Notch intracellular domain prevented H19-induced mineralization of valve interstitial cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that a dysregulation of DNA methylation in the promoter of H19 during calcific aortic valve disease is associated with a higher expression of this lncRNA, which promotes an osteogenic program by interfering with the expression of NOTCH1.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aortic Valve/cytology
- Aortic Valve/metabolism
- Aortic Valve/pathology
- Aortic Valve Stenosis/genetics
- Aortic Valve Stenosis/pathology
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/analysis
- Calcinosis/genetics
- Calcinosis/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/metabolism
- DNA Methylation
- Female
- Genes, Reporter
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Long Noncoding/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptor, Notch1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez Hadji
- From Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (F.H., M.-C.B, N.G., S.A., G.M., R.B., M.J.N., P.M.), Department of Molecular Medicine (J.T.M., S.G.-O., Y.B.), and Department of Medicine (P.P.), Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.); and ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.)
| | - Marie-Chloé Boulanger
- From Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (F.H., M.-C.B, N.G., S.A., G.M., R.B., M.J.N., P.M.), Department of Molecular Medicine (J.T.M., S.G.-O., Y.B.), and Department of Medicine (P.P.), Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.); and ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.)
| | - Simon-Pierre Guay
- From Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (F.H., M.-C.B, N.G., S.A., G.M., R.B., M.J.N., P.M.), Department of Molecular Medicine (J.T.M., S.G.-O., Y.B.), and Department of Medicine (P.P.), Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.); and ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.)
| | - Nathalie Gaudreault
- From Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (F.H., M.-C.B, N.G., S.A., G.M., R.B., M.J.N., P.M.), Department of Molecular Medicine (J.T.M., S.G.-O., Y.B.), and Department of Medicine (P.P.), Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.); and ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.)
| | - Soumiya Amellah
- From Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (F.H., M.-C.B, N.G., S.A., G.M., R.B., M.J.N., P.M.), Department of Molecular Medicine (J.T.M., S.G.-O., Y.B.), and Department of Medicine (P.P.), Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.); and ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.)
| | - Guada Mkannez
- From Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (F.H., M.-C.B, N.G., S.A., G.M., R.B., M.J.N., P.M.), Department of Molecular Medicine (J.T.M., S.G.-O., Y.B.), and Department of Medicine (P.P.), Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.); and ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.)
| | - Rihab Bouchareb
- From Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (F.H., M.-C.B, N.G., S.A., G.M., R.B., M.J.N., P.M.), Department of Molecular Medicine (J.T.M., S.G.-O., Y.B.), and Department of Medicine (P.P.), Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.); and ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.)
| | - Joël Tremblay Marchand
- From Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (F.H., M.-C.B, N.G., S.A., G.M., R.B., M.J.N., P.M.), Department of Molecular Medicine (J.T.M., S.G.-O., Y.B.), and Department of Medicine (P.P.), Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.); and ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.)
| | - Mohamed Jalloul Nsaibia
- From Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (F.H., M.-C.B, N.G., S.A., G.M., R.B., M.J.N., P.M.), Department of Molecular Medicine (J.T.M., S.G.-O., Y.B.), and Department of Medicine (P.P.), Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.); and ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.)
| | - Sandra Guauque-Olarte
- From Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (F.H., M.-C.B, N.G., S.A., G.M., R.B., M.J.N., P.M.), Department of Molecular Medicine (J.T.M., S.G.-O., Y.B.), and Department of Medicine (P.P.), Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.); and ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.)
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- From Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (F.H., M.-C.B, N.G., S.A., G.M., R.B., M.J.N., P.M.), Department of Molecular Medicine (J.T.M., S.G.-O., Y.B.), and Department of Medicine (P.P.), Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.); and ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.)
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- From Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (F.H., M.-C.B, N.G., S.A., G.M., R.B., M.J.N., P.M.), Department of Molecular Medicine (J.T.M., S.G.-O., Y.B.), and Department of Medicine (P.P.), Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.); and ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.)
| | - Yohan Bossé
- From Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (F.H., M.-C.B, N.G., S.A., G.M., R.B., M.J.N., P.M.), Department of Molecular Medicine (J.T.M., S.G.-O., Y.B.), and Department of Medicine (P.P.), Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.); and ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.)
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- From Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (F.H., M.-C.B, N.G., S.A., G.M., R.B., M.J.N., P.M.), Department of Molecular Medicine (J.T.M., S.G.-O., Y.B.), and Department of Medicine (P.P.), Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.); and ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada (S.-P.G., L.B.).
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Oury C, Servais L, Bouznad N, Hego A, Nchimi A, Lancellotti P. MicroRNAs in Valvular Heart Diseases: Potential Role as Markers and Actors of Valvular and Cardiac Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071120. [PMID: 27420053 PMCID: PMC4964495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are a class of over 5000 noncoding RNAs that regulate more than half of the protein-encoding genes by provoking their degradation or preventing their translation. miRNAs are key regulators of complex biological processes underlying several cardiovascular disorders, including left ventricular hypertrophy, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, hypertension and arrhythmias. Moreover, circulating miRNAs herald promise as biomarkers in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. In this context, this review gives an overview of studies that suggest that miRNAs could also play a role in valvular heart diseases. This area of research is still at its infancy, and further investigations in large patient cohorts and cellular or animal models are needed to provide strong data. Most studies focused on aortic stenosis, one of the most common valvular diseases in developed countries. Profiling and functional analyses indicate that miRNAs could contribute to activation of aortic valve interstitial cells to a myofibroblast phenotype, leading to valvular fibrosis and calcification, and to pressure overload-induced myocardial remodeling and hypertrophy. Data also indicate that specific miRNA signatures, in combination with clinical and functional imaging parameters, could represent useful biomarkers of disease progression or recovery after aortic valve replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Oury
- GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Cardiology, University of Liège Hospital, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Laurence Servais
- GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Cardiology, University of Liège Hospital, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Nassim Bouznad
- GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Cardiology, University of Liège Hospital, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Insitute of Pathology Ludwig Maximilians, University Munich, 80331 Munich, Germany.
| | - Alexandre Hego
- GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Cardiology, University of Liège Hospital, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Alain Nchimi
- GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Cardiology, University of Liège Hospital, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Cardiology, University of Liège Hospital, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
- Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Anthea Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Abstract
Calcific aortic stenosis (AS) is the most prevalent heart valve disorder in developed countries. It is characterized by progressive fibro-calcific remodelling and thickening of the aortic valve leaflets that, over years, evolve to cause severe obstruction to cardiac outflow. In developed countries, AS is the third-most frequent cardiovascular disease after coronary artery disease and systemic arterial hypertension, with a prevalence of 0.4% in the general population and 1.7% in the population >65 years old. Congenital abnormality (bicuspid valve) and older age are powerful risk factors for calcific AS. Metabolic syndrome and an elevated plasma level of lipoprotein(a) have also been associated with increased risk of calcific AS. The pathobiology of calcific AS is complex and involves genetic factors, lipoprotein deposition and oxidation, chronic inflammation, osteoblastic transition of cardiac valve interstitial cells and active leaflet calcification. Although no pharmacotherapy has proved to be effective in reducing the progression of AS, promising therapeutic targets include lipoprotein(a), the renin-angiotensin system, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL; also known as TNFSF11) and ectonucleotidases. Currently, aortic valve replacement (AVR) remains the only effective treatment for severe AS. The diagnosis and staging of AS are based on the assessment of stenosis severity and left ventricular systolic function by Doppler echocardiography, and the presence of symptoms. The introduction of transcatheter AVR in the past decade has been a transformative therapeutic innovation for patients at high or prohibitive risk for surgical valve replacement, and this new technology might extend to lower-risk patients in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Lindman
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marie-Annick Clavel
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Bernard Iung
- Cardiology Department, AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris-Diderot University, DHU Fire, Paris, France
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- University of Liège Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic and CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
- Grupo Villa Maria Care and Research, Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Catherine M Otto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G5, Canada
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Kutryb-Zajac B, Yuen AHY, Khalpey Z, Zukowska P, Slominska EM, Taylor PM, Goldstein S, Heacox AE, Lavitrano M, Chester AH, Yacoub MH, Smolenski RT. Nucleotide Catabolism on the Surface of Aortic Valve Xenografts; Effects of Different Decellularization Strategies. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:119-26. [PMID: 26832118 PMCID: PMC4830859 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotide metabolism controls thrombosis and inflammation and may affect degeneration and calcification of aortic valve prostheses. We evaluated the effect of different decellularization strategies on enzyme activities involved in extracellular nucleotide metabolism. Porcine valves were tested intact or decellularized either by detergent treatment or hypotonic lysis and nuclease digestion. The rates of ATP hydrolysis, AMP hydrolysis, and adenosine deamination were estimated by incubation of aorta or valve leaflet sections with substrates followed by HPLC analysis. We demonstrated relatively high activities of ecto-enzymes on porcine valve as compared to the aortic wall. Hypotonic lysis/nuclease digestion preserved >80 % of ATP and AMP hydrolytic activity but reduced adenosine deamination to <10 %. Detergent decellularization completely removed (<5 %) all these activities. These results demonstrate high intensity of extracellular nucleotide metabolism on valve surface and indicate that various valve decellularization techniques differently affect ecto-enzyme activities that could be important in the development of improved valve prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ada H Y Yuen
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Paulina Zukowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Magdi H Yacoub
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Zukowska P, Kutryb-Zajac B, Toczek M, Smolenski RT, Slominska EM. The role of ecto-5'-nucleotidase in endothelial dysfunction and vascular pathologies. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:675-81. [PMID: 26321267 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73) is an enzyme that is highly expressed in endothelium and is involved in the extracellular nucleotide catabolism. CD73 converts AMP to adenosine that via specific subtypes of P1 receptor mediates cytoprotection involving diverse mechanisms such as vasodilatation, suppression of inflammation, inhibition of thrombosis and anti-adrenergic effect. Physiological intravascular concentration of adenosine is in nanomolar range, but could become micromolar in response to various forms of stress. Endothelium is a major site for both CD73 mediated production of adenosine and its cytoprotective effect. Nucleotides (predominantly ATP or ADP) that could be released from different cells via controlled specific of unspecific mechanisms constitute a major source of substrate for adenosine production via CD73. Direct effects of extracellular nucleotides (mediated by P2 receptors) are typically opposite to adenosine P1 mediated activities. Retention of nucleotides and decreased adenosine production due to loss of CD73 function may have negative implications and could be important cause of various pathologies. Protective role of CD73 was indicated in ectopic calcification, atherosclerosis, rejection after xenotransplantation and thrombosis. Reduced activity of CD73 due to lymphocyte contact with endothelium increases its permeability that leads to enhanced leukocyte transmigration. Upregulation of endothelial CD73 may therefore be protective in a number of cardiovascular pathologies. Such effect has been confirmed for some common drugs such as statins and it could be part of its pleiotropic portfolio. Activation of CD73 could be a new target for specific treatment strategy that in particular will enhance endothelial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Zukowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Marta Toczek
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Ewa M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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