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Zhao S, Deslarzes-Dubuis C, Urfer S, Lambelet M, Déglise S, Allagnat F. Cystathionine Gamma Lyase Is Regulated by Flow and Controls Smooth Muscle Migration in Human Saphenous Vein. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1731. [PMID: 37760034 PMCID: PMC10525225 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The saphenous vein is the conduit of choice for bypass grafting. Unfortunately, the hemodynamic stress associated with the arterial environment of the bypass vein graft leads to the development of intimal hyperplasia (IH), an excessive cellular growth and collagen deposition that results in restenosis and secondary graft occlusion. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a ubiquitous redox-modifying gasotransmitter that inhibits IH. H2S is produced via the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway by three enzymes: cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). However, the expression and regulation of these enzymes in the human vasculature remains unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of CSE, CBS and 3-MST in segments of native human saphenous vein and large arteries. Furthermore, we evaluated the regulation of these enzymes in vein segments cultured under static, venous (7 mmHg pressure) or arterial (100 mmHg pressure) pressure. CSE was expressed in the media, neointima and intima of the vessels and was negatively regulated by arterial shear stress. Adenoviral-mediated CSE overexpression or RNA interference-mediated CSE knock-down revealed that CSE inhibited primary human VSMC migration but not proliferation. We propose that high shear stress in arteriovenous bypass grafts inhibits CSE expression in both the media and endothelium, which may contribute to increased VSMC migration in the context of IH.
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Wang F, An Y, Hao H. MicroRNA-361-5p acts as a biomarker for carotid artery stenosis and promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:134. [PMID: 37328892 PMCID: PMC10273542 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) dysfunction participates in carotid artery stenosis (CAS). The study aimed to examine the expression pattern of miR-361-5p in CAS patients, and explore its role in VSMCs proliferation and migration. METHODS qRT-PCR was performed for the detection of miR-361-5p in serum samples of 150 CAS cases and 150 healthy people. Multiple logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was accomplished to detect diagnostic value via SPSS 21.0 statistical software. Cell function of VSMCs was evaluated. Target association was predicted through bioinformatic analysis and confirmed via luciferase activity. RESULTS Serum miR-361-5p was enhanced in CAS cases and was positively correlated with CAS degree. Logistic regression analysis determined the independent influence of miR-361-5p in CAS, and ROC curve demonstrated its diagnostic value with AUC of 0.892. miR-361-5p promoted VSMCs proliferation and migration, but the influence was counteracted by TIMP4. CONCLUSIONS MiR-361-5p is a promising biomarker for CAS, and can be used as a potential target for early diagnosis and treatment of CAS. MiR-361-5p can promote VSMCs proliferation and migration via targeting TIMP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, No. 2428 Yuhe Road, Kuiwen District, 261035, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| | - Yumei An
- Department of Image Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 261035, Weifang, China
| | - Huihui Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 261035, Weifang, China
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Takaguri A, Ishizaka R, Maki S, Satoh K. The role of tribbles homolog 2 in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:787-795. [PMID: 36626273 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tribbles homolog 2 (TRIB2) functions as an adapter protein that regulates signal transductions involved in a variety of cellular functions, including tumorigenesis. However, the role of TRIB2 in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the underlying expression mechanisms remain unclear. The present study investigated the role of TRIB2 in VSMC proliferation and revealed that TRIB2 expression increases following vascular injury and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-stimulated VSMCs. We found that pretreatment with diphenyleneiodonium (a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor), U0126 (an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [MEK1]), or siRNA targeting the gene encoding early growth response 1 (EGR-1) significantly inhibits PDGF-BB-induced TRIB2 expression in VSMCs. Furthermore, TRIB2 knockdown significantly inhibits PDGF-BB-induced proliferation of VSMCs but does not affect the phosphorylation of AKT. However, phosphorylation of ERK1 and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antibody are significantly suppressed in VSMCs by PDGF-BB stimulation. Thus, PDGF-BB-induced TRIB2 expression is mediated by ROS/ERK/EGR-1 pathways and plays a critical role in VSMC proliferation via modulation of ERK activity. We propose TRIB2 as a promising therapeutic target for the prevention of neointima formation and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takaguri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Teine-ku, Japan
| | - Rena Ishizaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Teine-ku, Japan
| | - Shota Maki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Teine-ku, Japan
| | - Kumi Satoh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Teine-ku, Japan
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Kiełbowski K, Bakinowska E, Pawlik A. The Potential Role of Connexins in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032600. [PMID: 36768920 PMCID: PMC9916887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexins (Cx) are members of a protein family which enable extracellular and intercellular communication through hemichannels and gap junctions (GJ), respectively. Cx take part in transporting important cell-cell messengers such as 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), among others. Therefore, they play a significant role in regulating cell homeostasis, proliferation, and differentiation. Alterations in Cx distribution, degradation, and post-translational modifications have been correlated with cancers, as well as cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Depending on the isoform, Cx have been shown either to promote or suppress the development of atherosclerosis, a progressive inflammatory disease affecting large and medium-sized arteries. Cx might contribute to the progression of the disease by enhancing endothelial dysfunction, monocyte recruitment, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation, or by inhibiting VSMC autophagy. Inhibition or modulation of the expression of specific isoforms could suppress atherosclerotic plaque formation and diminish pro-inflammatory conditions. A better understanding of the complexity of atherosclerosis pathophysiology linked with Cx could result in developing novel therapeutic strategies. This review aims to present the role of Cx in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and discusses whether they can become novel therapeutic targets.
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Kiesworo K, MacArthur MR, Kip P, Agius T, Macabrey D, Lambelet M, Hamard L, Ozaki CK, Mitchell JR, Déglise S, Mitchell SJ, Allagnat F, Longchamp A. Cystathionine-γ-lyase overexpression modulates oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis and enhances neovascularization. JVS Vasc Sci 2023; 4:100095. [PMID: 36852171 PMCID: PMC9958478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hydrogen sulfide is a proangiogenic gas produced primarily by the transsulfuration enzyme cystathionine-γ-lyase (CGL). CGL-dependent hydrogen sulfide production is required for neovascularization in models of peripheral arterial disease. However, the benefits of increasing endogenous CGL and its mechanism of action have not yet been elucidated. Methods Male whole body CGL-overexpressing transgenic (CGLTg) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates (C57BL/6J) were subjected to the hindlimb ischemia model (age, 10-12 weeks). Functional recovery was assessed via the treadmill exercise endurance test. Leg perfusion was measured by laser Doppler imaging and vascular endothelial-cadherin immunostaining. To examine the angiogenic potential, aortic ring sprouting assay and postnatal mouse retinal vasculature development studies were performed. Finally, comparative metabolomics analysis, oxidized/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) analysis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed on CGLWT and CGLTg gastrocnemius muscle. Results The restoration of blood flow occurred more rapidly in CGLTg mice. Compared with the CGLWT mice, the median ± standard deviation running distance and time were increased for the CGLTg mice after femoral artery ligation (159 ± 53 m vs 291 ± 74 m [P < .005] and 17 ± 4 minutes vs 27 ± 5 minutes [P < .05], respectively). Consistently, in the CGLTg ischemic gastrocnemius muscle, the capillary density was increased fourfold (0.05 ± 0.02 vs 0.20 ± 0.12; P < .005). Ex vivo, the endothelial cell (EC) sprouting length was increased in aorta isolated from CGLTg mice, especially when cultured in VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A)-only media (63 ± 2 pixels vs 146 ± 52 pixels; P < .05). Metabolomics analysis demonstrated a higher level of niacinamide, a precursor of NAD+/NADH in the muscle of CGLTg mice (61.4 × 106 ± 5.9 × 106 vs 72.4 ± 7.7 × 106 area under the curve; P < .05). Similarly, the NAD+ salvage pathway gene expression was increased in CGLTg gastrocnemius muscle. Finally, CGL overexpression or supplementation with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide improved EC migration in vitro (wound closure: control, 35% ± 9%; CGL, 55% ± 11%; nicotinamide mononucleotide, 42% ± 13%; P < .05). Conclusions Our results have demonstrated that CGL overexpression improves the neovascularization of skeletal muscle on hindlimb ischemia. These effects correlated with changes in the NAD pathway, which improved EC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kiesworo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Kip
- Department of Surgery and Heart and Vascular Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas Agius
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diane Macabrey
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Lambelet
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lauriane Hamard
- Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C.-Keith Ozaki
- Department of Surgery and Heart and Vascular Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James R. Mitchell
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Déglise
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah J. Mitchell
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florent Allagnat
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alban Longchamp
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Déglise S, Bechelli C, Allagnat F. Vascular smooth muscle cells in intimal hyperplasia, an update. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1081881. [PMID: 36685215 PMCID: PMC9845604 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1081881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial occlusive disease is the leading cause of death in Western countries. Core contemporary therapies for this disease include angioplasties, stents, endarterectomies and bypass surgery. However, these treatments suffer from high failure rates due to re-occlusive vascular wall adaptations and restenosis. Restenosis following vascular surgery is largely due to intimal hyperplasia. Intimal hyperplasia develops in response to vessel injury, leading to inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cells dedifferentiation, migration, proliferation and secretion of extra-cellular matrix into the vessel's innermost layer or intima. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge on the origin and mechanisms underlying the dysregulated proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in intimal hyperplasia, and we present the new avenues of research targeting VSMC phenotype and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Florent Allagnat
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Wang Z, Wang H, Guo C, Yu F, Zhang Y, Qiao L, Zhang H, Zhang C. Role of hsa_circ_0000280 in regulating vascular smooth muscle cell function and attenuating neointimal hyperplasia via ELAVL1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:3. [PMID: 36477660 PMCID: PMC9729135 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04602-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathological proliferation of cells in vascular smooth muscle underlies neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) development during atherosclerosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which represent novel functional biomarkers and RNA-binding proteins, contribute to multiple cardiovascular diseases; however, their roles in regulating the vascular smooth muscle cell cycle remain unknown. Thus, we aimed to identify the roles of circRNAs in vascular smooth muscle during coronary heart disease (CHD). Through circRNA sequencing of CHD samples and human antigen R (ELAVL1) immunoprecipitation, we identified circRNAs that are associated with CHD and interact with ELAVL1. Our results suggested that the hsa_circ_0000280 associated with CHD inhibits cell proliferation and induces ELAVL1-dependent cell cycle arrest. Gain/loss-of-function experiments and assays in vivo indicated that hsa_circ_0000280 facilitates interactions between ELAVL1 and cyclin-dependent kinase suppressor 1 (CDKN1A) mRNA and stabilization of this complex and leads to cell cycle arrest at the G1/S checkpoint, inhibiting cell proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and NIH in vivo. Importantly, hsa_circ_0000280 reduced neointimal thickness and smooth muscle cell proliferation in vivo. Taken together, these findings reveal a novel pathway in which hsa_circ_0000280 facilitates the regulation of ELAVL1 on CDKN1A mRNA to inhibit NIH. Therefore, measuring and modulating their expression might represent a potential diagnostic or therapeutic strategy for CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunzhe Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan City, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Huating Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Chenghu Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan City, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fangpu Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan City, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan City, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan City, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Intervention, Medical College of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan City, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Fang JS, Burt JM. Connexin37 Regulates Cell Cycle in the Vasculature. J Vasc Res 2022; 60:73-86. [PMID: 36067749 DOI: 10.1159/000525619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of vascular cell growth responses is critical for development and maintenance of a healthy vasculature. Connexins - the proteins comprising gap junction channels - are key regulators of cell growth in diseases such as cancer, but their involvement in controlling cell growth in the vasculature is less well appreciated. Connexin37 (Cx37) is one of four connexin isotypes expressed in the vessel wall. Its primary role in blood vessels relies on its unique ability to transduce flow-sensitive signals into changes in cell cycle status of endothelial (and perhaps, mural) cells. Here, we review available evidence for Cx37's role in the regulation of vascular growth, vessel organization, and vascular tone in healthy and diseased vasculature. We propose a novel mechanism whereby Cx37 accomplishes this with a phosphorylation-dependent transition between closed (growth-suppressive) and multiple open (growth-permissive) channel conformations that result from interactions of the C-terminus with cell-cycle regulators to limit or support cell cycle progression. Lastly, we discuss Cx37 and its downstream signaling as a novel potential target in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, and we address outstanding research questions that still challenge the development of such therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Fang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Janis M Burt
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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King DR, Sedovy MW, Eaton X, Dunaway LS, Good ME, Isakson BE, Johnstone SR. Cell-To-Cell Communication in the Resistance Vasculature. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3833-3867. [PMID: 35959755 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The arterial vasculature can be divided into large conduit arteries, intermediate contractile arteries, resistance arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. Resistance arteries and arterioles primarily function to control systemic blood pressure. The resistance arteries are composed of a layer of endothelial cells oriented parallel to the direction of blood flow, which are separated by a matrix layer termed the internal elastic lamina from several layers of smooth muscle cells oriented perpendicular to the direction of blood flow. Cells within the vessel walls communicate in a homocellular and heterocellular fashion to govern luminal diameter, arterial resistance, and blood pressure. At rest, potassium currents govern the basal state of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Multiple stimuli can elicit rises in intracellular calcium levels in either endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells, sourced from intracellular stores such as the endoplasmic reticulum or the extracellular space. In general, activation of endothelial cells results in the production of a vasodilatory signal, usually in the form of nitric oxide or endothelial-derived hyperpolarization. Conversely, activation of smooth muscle cells results in a vasoconstriction response through smooth muscle cell contraction. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-35, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ryan King
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Meghan W Sedovy
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Xinyan Eaton
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Luke S Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Miranda E Good
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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α-Lipoic Acid-Plus Ameliorates Endothelial Injury by Inhibiting the Apoptosis Pathway Mediated by Intralysosomal Cathepsins in an In Vivo and In Vitro Endothelial Injury Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8979904. [PMID: 35450412 PMCID: PMC9018191 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8979904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid-plus (LAP), an amine derivative of α-lipoic acid, has been reported to protect cells from oxidative stress damage by reacting with lysosomal iron and is more powerful than desferrioxamine (DFO). However, the role of LAP in experimental carotid artery intimal injury (CAII) has not yet been well investigated. Therefore, we sought to uncover the role and potential endovascular protective mechanisms of LAP in endothelial injury. In vitro, oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) stimulation of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) simulated intimal injury. In vivo, balloon compression injury of the carotid artery was used to establish a rat CAII model. We found that the protein levels of cathepsin B/D, ferritin, transferrin receptor (TfR), cleaved caspase-3, and Bax increased in the injured endothelium and HUVECs but were rectified by DFO and LAP treatments, as revealed by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Additionally, DFO and LAP decreased oxidative stress levels and endothelial cell necrosis of the damaged endothelium. Moreover, DFO and LAP significantly ameliorated the increased oxidative stress, iron level, and lactic dehydrogenase activity of HUVECs and improved the reduced HUVEC viability induced by OxyHb. More importantly, DFO and LAP significantly reduced mitochondrial damage and were beneficial for maintaining lysosomal integrity, as indicated by acridine orange (AO), Lyso-Tracker Red, JC-1, and ATPB staining in HUVECs. Finally, LAP might offer more significant endovascular protective effects than DFO. Our data suggested that LAP exerted endovascular protective effects by inhibiting the apoptosis signaling pathway mediated by intralysosomal cathepsins by reacting with excessive iron in endothelial lysosomes after intimal injury.
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11
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Macabrey D, Longchamp A, MacArthur MR, Lambelet M, Urfer S, Deglise S, Allagnat F. Sodium thiosulfate acts as a hydrogen sulfide mimetic to prevent intimal hyperplasia via inhibition of tubulin polymerisation. EBioMedicine 2022; 78:103954. [PMID: 35334307 PMCID: PMC8941337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intimal hyperplasia (IH) remains a major limitation in the long-term success of any type of revascularisation. IH is due to vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dedifferentiation, proliferation and migration. The gasotransmitter Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), mainly produced in blood vessels by the enzyme cystathionine- γ-lyase (CSE), inhibits IH in pre-clinical models. However, there is currently no H2S donor available to treat patients. Here we used sodium thiosulfate (STS), a clinically-approved source of sulfur, to limit IH. Methods Low density lipoprotein receptor deleted (LDLR−/−), WT or Cse-deleted (Cse−/−) male mice randomly treated with 4 g/L STS in the water bottle were submitted to focal carotid artery stenosis to induce IH. Human vein segments were maintained in culture for 7 days to induce IH. Further in vitro studies were conducted in primary human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Findings STS inhibited IH in WT mice, as well as in LDLR−/− and Cse−/− mice, and in human vein segments. STS inhibited cell proliferation in the carotid artery wall and in human vein segments. STS increased polysulfides in vivo and protein persulfidation in vitro, which correlated with microtubule depolymerisation, cell cycle arrest and reduced VSMC migration and proliferation. Interpretation STS, a drug used for the treatment of cyanide poisoning and calciphylaxis, protects against IH in a mouse model of arterial restenosis and in human vein segments. STS acts as an H2S donor to limit VSMC migration and proliferation via microtubule depolymerisation. Funding This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant FN-310030_176158 to FA and SD and PZ00P3-185927 to AL); the Novartis Foundation to FA; and the Union des Sociétés Suisses des Maladies Vasculaires to SD, and the Fondation pour la recherche en chirurgie vasculaire et thoracique.
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Sathiyanadan K, Alonso F, Domingos-Pereira S, Santoro T, Hamard L, Cesson V, Meda P, Nardelli-Haefliger D, Haefliger JA. Targeting Endothelial Connexin37 Reduces Angiogenesis and Decreases Tumor Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2930. [PMID: 35328350 PMCID: PMC8948817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin37 (Cx37) and Cx40 form intercellular channels between endothelial cells (EC), which contribute to the regulation of the functions of vessels. We previously documented the participation of both Cx in developmental angiogenesis and have further shown that loss of Cx40 decreases the growth of different tumors. Here, we report that loss of Cx37 reduces (1) the in vitro proliferation of primary human EC; (2) the vascularization of subcutaneously implanted matrigel plugs in Cx37-/- mice or in WT using matrigel plugs supplemented with a peptide targeting Cx37 channels; (3) tumor angiogenesis; and (4) the growth of TC-1 and B16 tumors, resulting in a longer mice survival. We further document that Cx37 and Cx40 function in a collaborative manner to promote tumor growth, inasmuch as the injection of a peptide targeting Cx40 into Cx37-/- mice decreased the growth of TC-1 tumors to a larger extent than after loss of Cx37. This loss did not alter vessel perfusion, mural cells coverage and tumor hypoxia compared to tumors grown in WT mice. The data show that Cx37 is relevant for the control of EC proliferation and growth in different tumor models, suggesting that it may be a target, alone or in combination with Cx40, in the development of anti-tumoral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Sathiyanadan
- Department of Urology, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.S.); (S.D.-P.); (V.C.); (D.N.-H.)
| | - Florian Alonso
- Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BioTis-INSERM U1026), Université de Bordeaux, 33607 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Sonia Domingos-Pereira
- Department of Urology, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.S.); (S.D.-P.); (V.C.); (D.N.-H.)
| | - Tania Santoro
- Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (T.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Lauriane Hamard
- Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (T.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Valérie Cesson
- Department of Urology, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.S.); (S.D.-P.); (V.C.); (D.N.-H.)
| | - Paolo Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Medical Center, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Denise Nardelli-Haefliger
- Department of Urology, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.S.); (S.D.-P.); (V.C.); (D.N.-H.)
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13
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Jeong K, Murphy JM, Erin Ahn EY, Steve Lim ST. FAK in the nucleus prevents VSMC proliferation by promoting p27 and p21 expression via Skp2 degradation. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1150-1163. [PMID: 33839758 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) normally exhibit a very low proliferative rate. Vessel injury triggers VSMC proliferation, in part, through focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, which increases transcription of cyclin D1, a key activator for cell cycle-dependent kinases (CDKs). At the same time, we also observe that FAK regulates the expression of the CDK inhibitors (CDKIs) p27 and p21. However, the mechanism of how FAK controls CDKIs in cell cycle progression is not fully understood. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that pharmacological and genetic FAK inhibition increased p27 and p21 by reducing stability of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), which targets the CDKIs for degradation. FAK N-terminal domain interacts with Skp2 and an APC/C E3 ligase activator, fizzy-related 1 (Fzr1) in the nucleus, which promotes ubiquitination and degradation of both Skp2 and Fzr1. Notably, overexpression of cyclin D1 alone failed to promote proliferation of genetic FAK kinase-dead (KD) VSMCs, suggesting that the FAK-Skp2-CDKI signaling axis is distinct from the FAK-cyclin D1 pathway. However, overexpression of both cyclin D1 and Skp2 enables proliferation of FAK-KD VSMCs, implicating that FAK ought to control both activating and inhibitory switches for CDKs. In vivo, wire injury activates FAK in the cytosol and increased Skp2 and decreased p27 and p21 levels. CONCLUSIONS Both pharmacological FAK and genetic FAK inhibition reduced Skp2 expression in VSMCs upon injury, which significantly reduced intimal hyperplasia through elevated expression of p27 and p21. This study revealed that nuclear FAK-Skp2-CDKI signaling negatively regulates CDK activity in VSMC proliferation. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Increased VSMC proliferation contributes to pathological vessel narrowing in atherosclerosisand following vascular interventions. Blocking VSMC proliferation will reduce atherosclerosisprogression and increase patency of vascular interventions. We found that forced nuclear FAKlocalization by FAK inhibition reduced VSMC proliferation upon vessel injury. Nuclear FAKdecreased Skp2 protein expression by proteasomal degradation, thereby increasing theexpression of cell cycle inhibitors p27 and p21 and blocking cell cycle progression. This studyhas demonstrated the potential for FAK inhibitors in blocking VSMC proliferation to treat vessel narrowing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688
| | - James M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688
| | - Eun-Young Erin Ahn
- Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Ssang-Taek Steve Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688
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14
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Pan L, Ni H, Jin W, Su X. Inhibition of ERK or Akt ameliorates intimal hyperplasia via up-regulation of Cx37 and down-regulation of Cx43 in balloon injury rat model. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:658-666. [PMID: 32968622 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Connexins (Cxs) are reported to participate in atherosclerosis associated intimal hyperplasia (IH), while their function involved in the balloon injury (BI) induced IH and restenosis is less reported. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to not injured (NI) group and BI group, which were further administrated with ERK-inhibitor U0216 and Akt-inhibitor MIK2206. Western blot and RT-PCR were utilized to detect the expression of Cx30, Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43 at 6 hours, 24 hours, 7 days, and 14 days post-surgery. H&E staining and related intima area, media area, and luminal area measurement were applied to indicate neointima formation and IH. ERK and Akt phosphorylation levels and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining were also detected. Results Among the four Cxs detected, Cx37 showed down-regulated, and Cx43 showed up-regulated temporal expression pattern in BI rats with confirmed neointima formation. Up-regulated p-ERK (P<0.01) and p-Akt (P<0.01) can be detected in BI rats compared with NI rats. Meanwhile, U0216 and MIK2206 can significantly reduce Cx43 expression and increase CX37 expression accompanied with reduced neointima formation and PCNA staining (P<0.05 or P<0.01) in BI rats. Conclusions ERK or Akt inhibition can alleviate BI-induced IH via up-regulation of Cx37 and down-regulation of Cx43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemen Pan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haizhen Ni
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenxu Jin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Su
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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15
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Abstract
Of the 21 members of the connexin family, 4 (Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45) are expressed in the endothelium and/or smooth muscle of intact blood vessels to a variable and dynamically regulated degree. Full-length connexins oligomerize and form channel structures connecting the cytosol of adjacent cells (gap junctions) or the cytosol with the extracellular space (hemichannels). The different connexins vary mainly with regard to length and sequence of their cytosolic COOH-terminal tails. These COOH-terminal parts, which in the case of Cx43 are also translated as independent short isoforms, are involved in various cellular signaling cascades and regulate cell functions. This review focuses on channel-dependent and -independent effects of connexins in vascular cells. Channels play an essential role in coordinating and synchronizing endothelial and smooth muscle activity and in their interplay, in the control of vasomotor actions of blood vessels including endothelial cell reactivity to agonist stimulation, nitric oxide-dependent dilation, and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor-type responses. Further channel-dependent and -independent roles of connexins in blood vessel function range from basic processes of vascular remodeling and angiogenesis to vascular permeability and interactions with leukocytes with the vessel wall. Together, these connexin functions constitute an often underestimated basis for the enormous plasticity of vascular morphology and function enabling the required dynamic adaptation of the vascular system to varying tissue demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pohl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Biomedical Centre, Cardiovascular Physiology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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16
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Taylor SSZ, Jacobsen NL, Pontifex TK, Langlais P, Burt JM. Serine 319 phosphorylation is necessary and sufficient to induce a Cx37 conformation that leads to arrested cell cycling. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs240721. [PMID: 32350069 PMCID: PMC7328134 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin 37 (Cx37; protein product of GJA4) expression profoundly suppresses proliferation of rat insulinoma (Rin) cells in a manner dependent on gap junction channel (GJCh) functionality and the presence and phosphorylation status of its C-terminus (CT). In Rin cells, growth is arrested upon induced Cx37 expression and serine 319 (S319) is frequently phosphorylated. Here, we show that preventing phosphorylation at this site (alanine substitution; S319A) relieved Cx37 of its growth-suppressive effect whereas mimicking phosphorylation at this site (aspartate substitution; S319D) enhanced the growth-suppressive properties of Cx37. Like wild-type Cx37 (Cx37-WT), Cx37-S319D GJChs and hemichannels (HChs) preferred the closed state, rarely opening fully, and gated slowly. In contrast, Cx37-S319A channels preferred open states, opened fully and gated rapidly. These data indicate that phosphorylation-dependent conformational differences in Cx37 protein and channel function underlie Cx37-induced growth arrest versus growth-permissive phenotypes. That the closed state of Cx37-WT and Cx37-S319D GJChs and HChs favors growth arrest suggests that rather than specific permeants mediating cell cycle arrest, the closed conformation instead supports interaction of Cx37 with growth regulatory proteins that result in growth arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole L Jacobsen
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Tasha K Pontifex
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Paul Langlais
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Janis M Burt
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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17
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Hamard L, Santoro T, Allagnat F, Meda P, Nardelli-Haefliger D, Alonso F, Haefliger JA. Targeting connexin37 alters angiogenesis and arteriovenous differentiation in the developing mouse retina. FASEB J 2020; 34:8234-8249. [PMID: 32323401 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000257r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Connexin37 (Cx37) forms intercellular channels between endothelial cells (EC), and contributes to coordinate the motor tone of vessels. We investigated the contribution of this protein during physiological angiogenesis. We show that, compared to WT littermates, mice lacking Cx37 (Cx37-/- ) featured (i) a decreased extension of the superficial vascular plexus during the first 4 days after birth; (ii) an increased vascular density at the angiogenic front at P6, due to an increase in the proliferative rate of EC and in the sprouting of the venous compartment, as well as to a somewhat displaced position of tip cells; (iii) a decreased coverage of newly formed arteries and veins by mural cells; (iv) altered ERK-dependent endothelial cells proliferation through the EphB4 signaling pathway, which is involved in the specification of veins and arteries. In vitro studies documented that, in the absence of Cx37, human venous EC (HUVEC) released less platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and more Angiopoietin-2, two molecules involved in the recruitment of mural cells. Treatment of mice with DAPT, an inhibitor of the Notch pathway, decreased the expression of Cx37, and partially mimicked in WT retinas, the alterations observed in Cx37-/- mice. Thus, Cx37 contributes to (i) the early angiogenesis of retina, by interacting with the Notch pathway; (ii) the growth and maturation of neo-vessels, by modulating tip, stalk, and mural cells; (iii) the regulation of arteriovenous specification, thus, representing a novel target for treatments of retina diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Hamard
- Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tania Santoro
- Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florent Allagnat
- Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Florian Alonso
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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18
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Takaguri A, Sasano J, Akihiro O, Satoh K. The role of circadian clock gene BMAL1 in vascular proliferation. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 872:172924. [PMID: 31958455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1), a component of the molecular clock, is implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms. However, the role of BMAL1 in vascular proliferation associated with vascular remodeling is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying BMAL1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the role of BMAL1 in VSMC proliferation. BMAL1 expression significantly increased in injured carotid arteries in C57BL/6J mice and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-stimulated VSMC cultures. Pretreatment with diphenyleneiodonium (an NADPH oxidase inhibitor) and U0126 or PD98059 (MEK Inhibitors) inhibited PDGF-BB-induced BMAL1 expression in a dose-dependent manner in VSMCs. In addition, the knockdown of early growth factor protein-1 (Egr-1) significantly inhibited PDGF-BB-induced BMAL1 mRNA or protein expression in VSMCs, and the knockdown of BMAL1 significantly decreased PDGF-BB-induced cell proliferation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation but not Akt phosphorylation in VSMCs. The results demonstrate that PDGF-BB up-regulates BMAL1 expression through reactive oxygen species/ERK/Egr-1 pathways and that BMAL1 is involved in PDGF-BB-induced cell proliferation partially through ERK in VSMCs. Thus, BMAL1 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis including vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takaguri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine-ku, Sapporo, 006-8590, Japan
| | - Jun Sasano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine-ku, Sapporo, 006-8590, Japan
| | - Oomiya Akihiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine-ku, Sapporo, 006-8590, Japan
| | - Kumi Satoh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine-ku, Sapporo, 006-8590, Japan.
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19
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Peacock HM, Tabibian A, Criem N, Caolo V, Hamard L, Deryckere A, Haefliger JA, Kwak BR, Zwijsen A, Jones EAV. Impaired SMAD1/5 Mechanotransduction and Cx37 (Connexin37) Expression Enable Pathological Vessel Enlargement and Shunting. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e87-e104. [PMID: 32078368 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired ALK1 (activin receptor-like kinase-1)/Endoglin/BMP9 (bone morphogenetic protein 9) signaling predisposes to arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Activation of SMAD1/5 signaling can be enhanced by shear stress. In the genetic disease hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, which is characterized by arteriovenous malformations, the affected receptors are those involved in the activation of mechanosensitive SMAD1/5 signaling. To elucidate how genetic and mechanical signals interact in AVM development, we sought to identify targets differentially regulated by BMP9 and shear stress. Approach and Results: We identify Cx37 (Connexin37) as a differentially regulated target of ligand-induced and mechanotransduced SMAD1/5 signaling. We show that stimulation of endothelial cells with BMP9 upregulated Cx37, whereas shear stress inhibited this expression. This signaling was SMAD1/5-dependent, and in the absence of SMAD1/5, there was an inversion of the expression pattern. Ablated SMAD1/5 signaling alone caused AVM-like vascular malformations directly connecting the dorsal aorta to the inlet of the heart. In yolk sacs of mouse embryos with an endothelial-specific compound heterozygosity for SMAD1/5, addition of TNFα (tumor necrosis factor-α), which downregulates Cx37, induced development of these direct connections bypassing the yolk sac capillary bed. In wild-type embryos undergoing vascular remodeling, Cx37 was globally expressed by endothelial cells but was absent in regions of enlarging vessels. TNFα and endothelial-specific compound heterozygosity for SMAD1/5 caused ectopic regions lacking Cx37 expression, which correlated to areas of vascular malformations. Mechanistically, loss of Cx37 impairs correct directional migration under flow conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that Cx37 expression is differentially regulated by shear stress and SMAD1/5 signaling, and that reduced Cx37 expression is permissive for capillary enlargement into shunts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Peacock
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology (H.M.P., A.T., N.C., A.Z., E.A.V.J.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ashkan Tabibian
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology (H.M.P., A.T., N.C., A.Z., E.A.V.J.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathan Criem
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology (H.M.P., A.T., N.C., A.Z., E.A.V.J.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincenza Caolo
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (V.C.)
| | - Lauriane Hamard
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (L.H., J.-A.H.)
| | | | - Jacques-Antoine Haefliger
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (L.H., J.-A.H.)
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.)
| | - An Zwijsen
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology (H.M.P., A.T., N.C., A.Z., E.A.V.J.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth A V Jones
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology (H.M.P., A.T., N.C., A.Z., E.A.V.J.), KU Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Qu Q, Pang Y, Zhang C, Liu L, Bi Y. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells inhibit vein graft intimal hyperplasia and accelerate reendothelialization by enhancing endothelial function. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:133. [PMID: 32293542 PMCID: PMC7092460 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In our previous research, we found that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation therapy can inhibit intimal hyperplasia and enhance endothelial function in arterialized vein grafts in rats. However, whether MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-exosomes) can reduce neointimal formation and its possible mechanism is still unclear. Methods The primary human umbilical cord MSCs (hucMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were isolated and characterized by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The exosomes derived from hucMSCs (hucMSC-exosomes) were identified by transmission electron microscopy and western blots. hucMSC-exosomes were intravenously injected into a rat model of vein grafting, and its effect on vein grafts reendothelialization and intimal hyperplasia was assessed by physical, histological, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence examinations. The effects of hucMSC-exosomes on endothelial cells were evaluated by integrated experiment, EdU staining, scratch assay, and Transwell assay. The expression levels of key gene and pathways associated with the biological activity of vascular endothelial cells were evaluated following the stimulation of hucMSC-exosomes. Results We successfully isolated and characterized primary hucMSCs and hucMSC-exosomes and primary HUVECs. We verified that the systemic administration of hucMSC-exosomes accelerates reendothelialization and decreases intimal hyperplasia of autologous vein graft in a rat model. We also identified that hucMSC-exosomes can be uptaken by endothelial cells to stimulate cell proliferative and migratory activity in vitro. Furthermore, we detected that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important part in hucMSC-exosome-mediated proliferation and migration in HUVECs. In addition, we also provided evidence that the signalling pathways of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1/2 take part in hucMSC-exosome-induced VEGF regulation. Conclusion Our data suggest that hucMSC-exosomes exert a vasculoprotective role in the setting of vein graft disease, which may provide a new clue to protect against vein graft failure in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxin Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghong Liu
- Research Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory of Cryomedicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanwen Bi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Li H, Xu CX, Gong RJ, Chi JS, Liu P, Liu XM. How does Helicobacter pylori cause gastric cancer through connexins: An opinion review. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5220-5232. [PMID: 31558869 PMCID: PMC6761244 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i35.5220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium with a number of virulence factors, such as cytotoxin-associated gene A, vacuolating cytotoxin A, its pathogenicity island, and lipopolysaccharide, which cause gastrointestinal diseases. Connexins function in gap junctional homeostasis, and their downregulation is closely related to gastric carcinogenesis. Investigations into H. pylori infection and the fine-tuning of connexins in cells or tissues have been reported in previous studies. Therefore, in this review, the potential mechanisms of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer through connexins are summarized in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Can-Xia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ren-Jie Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing-Shu Chi
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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22
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Li H, Xu CX, Gong RJ, Chi JS, Liu P, Liu XM. How does Helicobacter pyloricause gastric cancer through connexins: An opinion review. World J Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i355220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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23
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Mylonaki I, Allain E, Strano F, Allémann E, Corpataux JM, Meda P, Jordan O, Delie F, Rougemont AL, Haefliger JA, Saucy F. Evaluating intimal hyperplasia under clinical conditions. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2019; 27:427-436. [PMID: 29617792 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivy101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Open arterial revascularization using venous segments is frequently associated with the development of intimal hyperplasia (IH), leading to severe restenosis and graft failure. The lack of treatment to prevent this pathology is a major problem. Therefore, we generated a new porcine model, which closely mimics the clinical development of human IH, to test the therapeutic potential of candidate drugs. METHODS A patch of jugular vein was sutured to the right common carotid artery of pigs, to expose the vein to haemodynamic conditions of the arterial bed. Four weeks after surgery, the operated vessels which received no further treatment (the control group) were compared with (i) contralateral, non-operated vessels (the healthy group); (ii) vessels of pigs that received a perivascular application of a drug-free microparticle gel (the placebo group) and (iii) vessels of pigs that perioperatively received the same gel loaded with 10-mg atorvastatin (the atorvastatin group). RESULTS When compared with non-operated vessels, all operated segments displayed a sizable IH which was thicker in the venous patch than in the host artery. These alterations were associated with a thickening of the intima layer of both vessels in the absence of inflammation. The intima/media ratio has been significantly increased by 2000-fold in the vein patches. Perivascular application of atorvastatin did not prevent IH formation. However, the drug increased the adventitial neovascularization in the operated vessels. CONCLUSIONS The novel porcine model allows for monitoring IH formation under haemodynamic conditions which mimic clinical situations. It should facilitate the screening of innovative treatments to prevent restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mylonaki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Allain
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Strano
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Allémann
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Corpataux
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Jordan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florence Delie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Laure Rougemont
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - François Saucy
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Le Gal L, Pellegrin M, Santoro T, Mazzolai L, Kurtz A, Meda P, Wagner C, Haefliger J. Connexin37-Dependent Mechanisms Selectively Contribute to Modulate Angiotensin II -Mediated Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e010823. [PMID: 30943815 PMCID: PMC6507190 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Gap junction channels made of Connexin37 (Cx37) are expressed by aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells of hypertensive mice, as well as by the renin-secreting cells of kidneys. Methods and Results To decipher whether Cx37 has any role in hypertension, angiotensin II (Ang II ) was infused in normotensive wild-type and Cx37-deficient mice (Cx37-/-). After 2 to 4 weeks, the resulting increase in blood pressure was lower in Cx37-/- than in wild-type mice, suggesting an alteration in the Ang II response. To investigate this possibility, mice were submitted to a 2-kidney, 1-clip procedure, a renin-dependent model of hypertension. Two weeks after this clipping, Cx37-/- mice were less hypertensive than wild-type mice and, 2 weeks later, their blood pressure had returned to control values, in spite of abnormally high plasma renin levels. In contrast, Cx37-/- and wild-type mice that received N-nitro-l-arginine-methyl-ester, a renin-independent model of hypertension, featured a similar and sustained increase in blood pressure. The data indicate that loss of Cx37 selectively altered the Ang II -dependent pathways. Consistent with this conclusion, aortas of Cx37-/- mice featured an increased basal expression of the Ang II type 2 receptors ( AT 2R), and increased transcripts levels of downstream signaling proteins, such as Cnksr1 and Ptpn6 ( SHP -1). Accordingly, the response of Cx37-/- mice aortas to an ex vivo Ang II exposure was altered, since phosphorylation levels of several proteins of the Ang II pathway ( MLC 2, ERK , and AKT ) remained unchanged. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that Cx37 selectively influences Ang II signaling, mostly via a modulation of the expression of the Ang II type 2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Le Gal
- Department of MedicineUniversity of LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Maxime Pellegrin
- Division of AngiologyHeart and Vessel DepartmentCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisUniversity of LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Tania Santoro
- Department of MedicineUniversity of LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Lucia Mazzolai
- Division of AngiologyHeart and Vessel DepartmentCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisUniversity of LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Armin Kurtz
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of RegensburgGermany
| | - Paolo Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and MetabolismSchool of MedicineCMUUniversity of GenevaSwitzerland
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25
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Pogoda K, Kameritsch P, Mannell H, Pohl U. Connexins in the control of vasomotor function. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13108. [PMID: 29858558 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells, as well as smooth muscle cells, show heterogeneity with regard to their receptor expression and reactivity. For the vascular wall to act as a functional unit, the various cells' responses require integration. Such an integration is not only required for a homogeneous response of the vascular wall, but also for the vasomotor behaviour of consecutive segments of the microvascular arteriolar tree. As flow resistances of individual sections are connected in series, sections require synchronization and coordination to allow effective changes of conductivity and blood flow. A prerequisite for the local coordination of individual vascular cells and different sections of an arteriolar tree is intercellular communication. Connexins are involved in a dual manner in this coordination. (i) By forming gap junctions between cells, they allow an intercellular exchange of signalling molecules and electrical currents. In particular, the spread of electrical currents allows for coordination of cell responses over longer distances. (ii) Connexins are able to interact with other proteins to form signalling complexes. In this way, they can modulate and integrate individual cells' responses also in a channel-independent manner. This review outlines mechanisms allowing the vascular connexins to exert their coordinating function and to regulate the vasomotor reactions of blood vessels both locally, and in vascular networks. Wherever possible, we focus on the vasomotor behaviour of small vessels and arterioles which are the main vessels determining vascular resistance, blood pressure and local blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Pogoda
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine; University Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- Biomedical Center; Cardiovascular Physiology; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research); Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance; Munich Germany
| | - P. Kameritsch
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine; University Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- Biomedical Center; Cardiovascular Physiology; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research); Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance; Munich Germany
| | - H. Mannell
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine; University Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- Biomedical Center; Cardiovascular Physiology; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
| | - U. Pohl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine; University Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- Biomedical Center; Cardiovascular Physiology; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research); Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance; Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); Munich Germany
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26
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Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Nosalski R, Mikolajczyk TP, Vidler F, Dohnal T, Dembowska E, Graham D, Harrison DG, Guzik TJ. Th1-type immune responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis antigens exacerbate angiotensin II-dependent hypertension and vascular dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:1922-1931. [PMID: 30414380 PMCID: PMC6534780 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Emerging evidence indicates that hypertension is mediated by immune mechanisms. We hypothesized that exposure to Porphyromonas gingivalis antigens, commonly encountered in periodontal disease, can enhance immune activation in hypertension and exacerbate the elevation in BP, vascular inflammation and vascular dysfunction. Experimental Approach Th1 immune responses were elicited through immunizations using P. gingivalis lysate antigens (10 μg) conjugated with aluminium oxide (50 μg) and IL‐12 (1 μg). The hypertension and vascular endothelial dysfunction evoked by subpressor doses of angiotensin II (0.25 mg·kg−1·day−1) were studied, and vascular inflammation was quantified by flow cytometry and real‐time PCR. Key Results Systemic T‐cell activation, a characteristic of hypertension, was exacerbated by P. gingivalis antigen stimulation. This translated into increased aortic vascular inflammation with enhanced leukocyte, in particular, T‐cell and macrophage infiltration. The expression of the Th1 cytokines, IFN‐γ and TNF‐α, and the transcription factor, TBX21, was increased in aortas of P. gingivalis/IL‐12/aluminium oxide‐immunized mice, while IL‐4 and TGF‐β were unchanged. These immune changes in mice with induced T‐helper‐type 1 immune responses were associated with an enhanced elevation of BP and endothelial dysfunction compared with control mice in response to 2 week infusion of a subpressor dose of angiotensin II. Conclusions and Implications These results support the concept that Th1 immune responses induced by bacterial antigens such as P. gingivalis can increase sensitivity to subpressor pro‐hypertensive insults such as low‐dose angiotensin II, thus providing a mechanistic link between chronic infection, such as periodontitis, and hypertension. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Czesnikiewicz-Guzik
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Sciences Research Group, University of Glasgow Dental School and Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ryszard Nosalski
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tomasz P Mikolajczyk
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Francesca Vidler
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tomasz Dohnal
- Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Dembowska
- Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Delyth Graham
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David G Harrison
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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27
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Johnson RD, Camelliti P. Role of Non-Myocyte Gap Junctions and Connexin Hemichannels in Cardiovascular Health and Disease: Novel Therapeutic Targets? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030866. [PMID: 29543751 PMCID: PMC5877727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is a complex organ composed of multiple cell types, including cardiomyocytes and different non-myocyte populations, all working closely together to determine the hearts properties and maintain normal cardiac function. Connexins are abundantly expressed proteins that form plasma membrane hemichannels and gap junctions between cells. Gap junctions are intracellular channels that allow for communication between cells, and in the heart they play a crucial role in cardiac conduction by coupling adjacent cardiomyocytes. Connexins are expressed in both cardiomyocytes and non-myocytes, including cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages. Non-myocytes are the largest population of cells in the heart, and therefore it is important to consider what roles connexins, hemichannels, and gap junctions play in these cell types. The aim of this review is to provide insight into connexin-based signalling in non-myocytes during health and disease, and highlight how targeting these proteins could lead to the development of novel therapies. We conclude that connexins in non-myocytes contribute to arrhythmias and adverse ventricular remodelling following myocardial infarction, and are associated with the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, therapeutic interventions targeting these connexins represent an exciting new research avenue with great potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Johnson
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Patrizia Camelliti
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
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28
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Li Q, Wu X, Liu Y, Zhang M, Bai X, Chen C. The effect of anagliptin on intimal hyperplasia of rat carotid artery after balloon injury. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8003-8010. [PMID: 28990108 PMCID: PMC5779884 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of anagliptin on intimal hyperplasia following carotid artery injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 280–300 g were injured using a 2F Fogarty balloon embolectomy catheter. The rats were divided into injury-(saline) and anagliptin-(10 mg/kg/day) treated groups. vascular injuries were induced in the left carotid artery, followed by evaluation of neointima formation at 28 days. The right and left carotid arteries were harvested and evaluated with histological evaluation, and the plasma activity of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1), stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected by ELISA analysis. Treatment with anagliptin decreased balloon injury-induced neointima formation, compared with the injury group (P<0.01). Body weight and food consumption did not alter following treatment with anagliptin. Anagliptin caused an increase in the serum active GLP-1 concentration, compared with the injury group. In addition, serum SDF-1α was significantly decreased by treatment with anagliptin (P<0.001). Anagliptin altered the serum activity of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α (P<0.01). The results of the present study demonstrated that anagliptin appeared to attenuate neointimal formation by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and chemokines following balloon injury, and that treatment with a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor may be useful for future preclinical studies and potentially for the inhibition of thrombosis formation following percutaneous coronary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Biotherapy Center, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiayang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology (State‑Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‑Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (State‑Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‑Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State‑Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‑Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Pharmacology (State‑Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‑Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (State‑Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‑Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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29
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Jacobsen NL, Pontifex TK, Li H, Solan JL, Lampe PD, Sorgen PL, Burt JM. Regulation of Cx37 channel and growth-suppressive properties by phosphorylation. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3308-3321. [PMID: 28818996 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.202572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth suppression mediated by connexin 37 (Cx37; also known as GJA4) requires interaction between its C-terminus and functional pore-forming domain. Using rat insulinoma cells, we show that Cx37 induces cell death and cell cycle arrest, and slowed cell cycling. Whether differential phosphorylation might regulate intramolecular interactions, and consequently the growth-suppressive phenotype, is unknown. Protein kinase C inhibition increased the open state probability of low-conductance gap junction channels (GJChs) and reduced GJCh closed state probability. Substituting alanine at serine residues 275, 302 and 328 eliminated Cx37-induced cell death, supported proliferation and reduced the GJCh closed state probability. With additional alanine for serine substitutions at residues 285, 319, 321 and 325, Cx37-induced cell death was eliminated and the growth arrest period prolonged, and GJCh closed state probability was restored. With aspartate substitution at these seven sites, apoptosis was induced and the open state probability of large conductance GJChs (and hemichannels) was increased. These data suggest that differential phosphorylation of the C-terminus regulates channel conformation and, thereby, cell cycle progression and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Jacobsen
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724-5051, USA
| | - Tasha K Pontifex
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724-5051, USA
| | - Hanjun Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Joell L Solan
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Paul D Lampe
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Paul L Sorgen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Janis M Burt
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724-5051, USA
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