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Ollech JE, Eran-Banai H, Goren I, Sharar Fischler T, Avni-Biron I, Snir Y, Broitman Y, Cohen S, Friedenberg A, Pauker MH, Dotan I, Yanai H. Tofacitinib is an effective treatment for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis, and intestinal ultrasound can discriminate response from non-response: a pragmatic prospective real-world study. Ann Med 2024; 56:2358183. [PMID: 38813808 PMCID: PMC11141311 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2358183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Real-world data on tofacitinib's effectiveness is limited and mainly retrospective or registry-based. We elected to conduct a pragmatic prospective study to assess the efficacy of tofacitinib for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC), aiming to evaluate the ability of intestinal ultrasound (IUS) to discriminate responders vs. non-responders in real-time. METHODS This pragmatic prospective clinical study included consecutive adult patients starting tofacitinib treatment for active moderate to severe UC. Patients were evaluated at baseline and after 8 weeks of tofacitinib (clinical, biomarker, endoscopy, and IUS). The primary outcome was clinical response defined by a decrease in the full Mayo score (fMS) of ≥3 at week 8. Next, we explored ultrasonographic parameters in the sigmoid colon as potential real-time classifiers to differentiate between responders and non-responders at week 8. RESULTS Overall, 30 adult patients started tofacitinib; the median age was 26.3 years (IQR 22.5-39.8), and 50% were female. Most patients (86.6%) had left-sided or extensive colitis, 96.7% had previously failed biologic therapy, and 60% (18/30) were on oral corticosteroids at the start of tofacitinib. At week 8, clinical response (a decrease in the fMS ≥ 3) and remission (fMS ≤ 2) rates were 40% (12/30) and 20% (6/30), respectively. Biomarker response (FC < 250µg/g) and biomarker normalization (FC ≤ 100µg/g) were achieved in 47.6% (10/21) and 38.1% (8/21) of patients, respectively. Endoscopic healing (endoscopic Mayo sub-score [EMS] ≤ 1) was achieved in 33.3% (10/30) of patients. Sigmoid bowel wall normalization as assessed by IUS (sBWT ≤ 3) was achieved in 18.2% (4/22). The best sBWT cut-off at week 8 to accurately classify endoscopic healing vs. no healing was a sBWT of 3.6 mm (AUC of 0.952 [95% CI: 0.868-1.036], p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this real-world pragmatic prospective study, tofacitinib was an effective treatment for moderate to severe UC, and IUS at week 8 accurately discriminated treatment response from non-response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E. Ollech
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagar Eran-Banai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Idan Goren
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, U.S.A
| | - Tali Sharar Fischler
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Avni-Biron
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yifat Snir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yelena Broitman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shaked Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Friedenberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maor H. Pauker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Dotan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Henit Yanai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Lopes SR, Martins C, Teixeira M, Tomás D. Real-world clinical efficacy of tofacitinib in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:3929-3931. [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i34.3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tofacitinib is an oral small-molecule Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that preferentially inhibits JAK1 and JAK3. Its efficacy in inducing and maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis (UC) as well as its safety profile has been demonstrated in multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Additionally, real-world studies evaluating the effectiveness and adverse effects of tofacitinib have been conducted, affirming its clinical efficacy in moderate-to-severe UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Lopes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Unidade Local de Saúde da Arrábida-Hospital de São Bernardo, Setúbal 2910-446, Portugal
| | - Claudio Martins
- Department of Gastroenterology, Unidade Local de Saúde da Arrábida-Hospital de São Bernardo, Setúbal 2910-446, Portugal
| | - Madalena Teixeira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Unidade Local de Saúde da Arrábida-Hospital de São Bernardo, Setúbal 2910-446, Portugal
| | - David Tomás
- Department of Gastroenterology, Unidade Local de Saúde da Arrábida-Hospital de São Bernardo, Setúbal 2910-446, Portugal
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Wojciechowski J, Mukherjee A, Banfield C, Nicholas T. Model-Informed Assessment of Probability of Phase 3 Success for Ritlecitinib in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024; 116:724-735. [PMID: 38627914 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Ritlecitinib, an oral Janus kinase 3/tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma family inhibitor, was evaluated in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in a phase 2b trial. Model-informed drug development strategies were applied to bridge observations from phase 2b to predictions for a proposed phase 3 study design to assess the probability of achieving the target efficacy outcome. A longitudinal exposure-response model of the time course of the 4 Mayo subscores (rectal bleeding, stool frequency, physician's global assessment, and endoscopic subscore) in patients with UC receiving placebo or ritlecitinib was developed using population modeling approaches and an item response theory framework. The quantitative relationships between the 4 Mayo subscores accommodated the prediction of composite endpoints such as total Mayo score and partial Mayo score (key endpoints from phase 2b), and modified clinical remission and endoscopic remission (proposed phase 3 endpoints). Clinical trial simulations using the final model assessed the probability of candidate ritlecitinib dosing regimens (including those tested in phase 2b and alternative) and phase 3 study designs for achieving target efficacy outcomes benchmarked against an approved treatment for moderate-to-severe UC. The probabilities of achieving target modified clinical remission and endoscopic improvement outcomes at both weeks 8 and 52 for ritlecitinib 100 mg once daily was 74.8%. Model-based assessment mitigated some of the risk associated with proceeding to pivotal phase 3 trials with dosing regimens of which there was limited clinical experience.
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Irving PM, Hur P, Gautam R, Guo X, Vermeire S. Real-world effectiveness and safety of advanced therapies for the treatment of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis: Evidence from a systematic literature review. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2024; 30:1026-1040. [PMID: 39213145 PMCID: PMC11365571 DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.9.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effectiveness and safety of advanced therapies for ulcerative colitis (UC) warrant assessment in the real world. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and summarize real-world evidence of advanced therapies approved for moderate-to-severe UC. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted using real-world studies of biologics or small molecules in UC using Embase, MEDLINE, and MEDLINE-In Process databases. Only products approved in any jurisdiction during the search were included. English-language full-papers (January 2005 to February 2022) and congress abstracts (January 2019 to February 2022) were included. Studies with less than 30 patients or only biologic-naive patients were excluded. RESULTS A total of 139 studies were included out of 3,930 identified articles (75%, published between 2019 and 2022; 64%, retrospective observational; 53%, from 5 countries [Italy, United States, Spain, United Kingdom, and Belgium]). Most studies were single agent (highest: vedolizumab = 50, tofacitinib = 24, and adalimumab = 18), and rates of clinical remission (CR) and adverse events varied widely. From the published comparative effectiveness studies (16), the rates of CR were numerically higher with vedolizumab vs anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α agents. Compared with vedolizumab, the effectiveness of tofacitinib was numerically greater in CR (occasionally significant). Rates of steroid-free CR were comparable between ustekinumab and tofacitinib. Infliximab was the most effective anti-TNFα agent, as reported by 2 studies. Remarkably, adverse events were similar across therapies in comparative studies. CONCLUSIONS Vedolizumab and tofacitinib were the most assessed therapies. In comparative studies, remission rates were numerically higher with tofacitinib vs vedolizumab and for vedolizumab vs anti-TNFα. Tofacitinib was comparable with ustekinumab for steroid-free CR. Safety was comparable across therapies. Future studies should explore the literature gaps identified, including limited comparative studies with small sample sizes, variations in study designs and patient characteristics, varied definitions of CR, and limited use of patient-reported outcome measures in real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Irving
- Gastroenterology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Raju Gautam
- EVERSANA Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, now with ConnectHEOR, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Severine Vermeire
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Yoon H, Ye BD, Kang SB, Lee KM, Choi CH, Jo JY, Woo J, Cheon JH. Safety and effectiveness of tofacitinib in Korean adult patients with ulcerative colitis: post-marketing surveillance study. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:273. [PMID: 39160459 PMCID: PMC11331763 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to identify the safety and effectiveness of tofacitinib in patients with UC in routine clinical settings in Korea. METHODS This open-label, observational, prospective, post-marketing surveillance study was conducted at 22 hospitals in the Republic of Korea. Patients with moderate to severe active UC who received tofacitinib were included and followed up for up to 52 weeks. Tofacitinib was administered at a dosage of 10 mg twice daily for at least 8 weeks, followed by 5 or 10 mg twice daily at the investigator's discretion based on clinical evaluation according to the approved Korean label. Safety including adverse events (AEs) and effectiveness including clinical remission, clinical response, and endoscopic mucosal healing were evaluated. Safety analysis set was defined as all patients registered for this study who received at least one dose of tofacitinib according to the approved Korean label and followed up for safety data. Effectiveness analysis set included patients in the safety analysis set who were evaluated for overall effectiveness assessment and excluded patients who had received tofacitinib less than 8 weeks. RESULTS A total of 110 patients were enrolled, of whom 106 patients were included in the safety population. The median duration of treatment was 370 days and the treatment duration ranged from 16 to 684 days for the safety population. AEs occurred in 42 patients (39.6%). Serious AEs (SAEs) occurred in 7 patients (6.6%) and of them, there were 2 cases of serious infections. These serious infections were reported as Adverse Event of Special Interest (AESI) in this study and no other AESI were reported. There were no cases of death during the study period. Clinical remission rates were 40.0%, 46.7%, 57.6%, and 55.1% at 8, 16, 24, and 52 weeks, and clinical response rates were 77.8%, 87.9%, 56.6%, and 81.4% at each visit, respectively. Endoscopic mucosal healing rates were 58.7% at 16 weeks and 46.2% at 52 weeks. CONCLUSION Tofacitinib was effective in Korean patients with moderate to severe active UC and the safety findings were consistent with the known safety profile of tofacitinib. This study confirmed the safety and effectiveness of tofacitinib in Korean patients with moderate to severe active UC in routine clinical settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT04071405, registered on 28 August 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Yoon
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Kang
- The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon ST. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kang-Moon Lee
- The Catholic University of Korea, ST. Vincent's Hospital, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | | | | | - Juwon Woo
- Pfizer Pharmaceutical Korea Ltd, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chen Z, Jiang P, Su D, Zhao Y, Zhang M. Therapeutic inhibition of the JAK-STAT pathway in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024:S1359-6101(24)00051-0. [PMID: 39179485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a group of non-specific chronic intestinal inflammatory conditions of unclear etiology. The current treatment and long-term management primarily involve biologics. Nevertheless, some patients experience treatment failure or intolerance to biologics [1], making these patients a primary focus of IBD research. The Janus kinase (JAK)-Signal Transducers and Activator of Transcription (STAT) signal transduction pathway is crucial to the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses [2], and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD. JAK inhibitors alleviate IBD by suppressing the transmission of JAK-STAT signaling pathway. As the first small-molecule oral inhibitor for IBD, JAK inhibitors greatly improved the treatment of IBD and have demonstrated significant efficacy, with tofacitinib and upadacitinib being approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) [3]. JAK inhibitors can effectively alleviate intestinal inflammation in IBD patients who have failed to receive biologics, which may bring new treatment opportunities for refractory IBD patients. This review aims to elucidate the crucial roles of JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway in IBD pathogenesis, examine its role in various cell types within IBD, and explore the research progress of JAK inhibitors as therapeutic agents, paving the road for new IBD treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dan Su
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, Watertown, 02472, MA, United States
| | - Yu Zhao
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Mingming Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China.
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7
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Olivera PA, Dignass A, Dubinsky MC, Peretto G, Kotze PG, Dotan I, Kobayashi T, Ghosh S, Magro F, Faria-Neto JR, Siegmund B, Danese S, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Preventing and managing cardiovascular events in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases treated with small-molecule drugs, an international Delphi consensus. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:1270-1280. [PMID: 38584033 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors and sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators are small molecule drugs (SMDs) approved for IBD treatment. Their use in clinical practice might be limited due to cardiovascular concerns. We aimed to provide guidance on risk assessment, monitoring, and management strategies, aiming to minimize potential cardiovascular risks of SMDs and to facilitate an adequate shared decision-making. A systematic literature search was conducted, and proposed statements were prepared. A virtual consensus meeting was held, in which eleven IBD physicians and two cardiovascular specialists from ten countries attended. Proposed statements were voted upon in an anonymous manner. Agreement was defined as at least 75 % of participants voting as 'agree' with each statement. Consensus was reached for eighteen statements. Available evidence does not show a higher risk of cardiovascular events with JAK inhibitors in the overall IBD population, although it might be increased in patients with an unfavorable cardiovascular profile. S1P receptor modulators may be associated with a risk of bradycardia, atrioventricular blocks, and hypertension. Cardiovascular risk stratification should be done before initiation of SMDs. Although the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with IBD on SMDs appears to be low overall, caution should still be taken in certain scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Olivera
- IBD Unit, Gastroenterology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigación Clínica (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Axel Dignass
- Department of Medicine I, Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Marla C Dubinsky
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Giovanni Peretto
- Myocarditis Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paulo G Kotze
- IBD outpatient clinics, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Iris Dotan
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Taku Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fernando Magro
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose Rocha Faria-Neto
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INSERM, NGERE, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; INFINY Institute, Nancy University Hospital, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; FHU-CURE, Nancy University Hospital, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Groupe Hospitalier Privé Ambroise Paré - Hartmann, Paris IBD center, 92200 Neuilly sur Seine, France; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Elford AT, Bishara M, Plevris N, Gros B, Constantine-Cooke N, Goodhand J, Kennedy NA, Ahmad T, Lees CW. Real-world effectiveness of upadacitinib in Crohn's disease: a UK multicentre retrospective cohort study. Frontline Gastroenterol 2024; 15:297-304. [PMID: 38903490 PMCID: PMC11187394 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2024-102668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Upadacitinib is a Janus kinase inhibitor, which has recently been approved for treating Crohn's disease. There are limited real-world studies on the outcomes of upadacitinib in Crohn's disease. Objective Our aim was to evaluate the outcomes of upadacitinib in a real-world Crohn's disease cohort. Methods We conducted a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study over a 2-year period across National Health Service (NHS) Lothian and Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust. The primary outcome was treatment persistence at week 24. Secondary endpoints were corticosteroid-free clinical remission (Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI)<5) and biomarker remission (C-reactive protein (CRP)≤5 mg/L and faecal calprotectin (FCAL)<250 µg/g) at 12, 24 and 52 weeks. We recorded adverse events. Results 135 patients commenced upadacitinib as of the 1 January 2024, of which 93 patients with active Crohn's disease were included with a minimum of 12 weeks follow-up. The median follow-up time was 25 weeks (IQR 15-42 weeks). 82% of the cohort had exposure to at least two classes of advanced therapies, and 52% had exposure to at least three classes of advanced therapies. Treatment persistence was 87.1% at week 12, 81.7% at week 24 and 62.8% at week 52. Rates of clinical remission were 64% (42/66), 48% (22/46) and 38% (8/21) at weeks 12, 24 and 52, respectively. Significant reductions in HBI, CRP and FCAL were observed during follow-up. 14% (13/91) had a hospitalisation due to Crohn's disease. Adverse events occurred in 40% (37/93) of the cohort, of which 12% (11/93) were serious. Conclusion Upadacitinib was effective in a real-world, highly refractory, Crohn's disease cohort with good persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Thomas Elford
- Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Bishara
- Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Nikolas Plevris
- Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Beatriz Gros
- Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Reina Sofia Univeristy Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Nathan Constantine-Cooke
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Univeristy of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James Goodhand
- Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Nicholas A Kennedy
- Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
- Exeter Biomedical Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Tariq Ahmad
- Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Charlie W Lees
- Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Vootukuru N, Vasudevan A. Approach to loss of response to advanced therapies in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2902-2919. [PMID: 38947290 PMCID: PMC11212715 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i22.2902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remarkable progress over the last decade has equipped clinicians with many options in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Clinicians now have the unique opportunity to provide individualized treatment that can achieve and sustain remission in many patients. However, issues of primary non-response (PNR) and secondary loss of response (SLOR) to non-tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) therapies remains a common problem. Specific issues include the choice of optimization of therapy, identifying when dose optimization will recapture response, establishing optimal dose for escalation and when to switch therapy. AIM To explores the issues of PNR and SLOR to non-TNFi therapies. METHODS This review explores the current evidence and literature to elucidate management options in cases of PNR/SLOR. It will also explore potential predictors for response following SLOR/PNR to therapies including the role of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). RESULTS In the setting of PNR and loss of response to alpha-beta7-integrin inhibitors and interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 inhibitors dose optimization is a reasonable option to capture response. For Janus kinase inhibitors dose optimization can be utilized to recapture response with loss of response. CONCLUSION The role of TDM in the setting of advanced non-TNFi therapies to identify patients who require dose optimization and as a predictor for clinical remission is not yet established and this remains an area that should be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikil Vootukuru
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Eastern Health, Victoria, Box Hill 3128, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Box Hill 3128, Australia
| | - Abhinav Vasudevan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Eastern Health, Victoria, Box Hill 3128, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Box Hill 3128, Australia
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10
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Ledder O, Dolinger M, Dubinsky MC, Stein R, Vellanki S, Buckuk R, Fatima A, Suskind DL, Scarlett J, Röser D, Shouval DS, Meyer G, Rios ZM, Pujol-Muncunill G, Lozano A, Kolho KL, Rohani P, Hussey S, de Mejj T, Ayers T, Navas-López VM, Turner D, Tzivinikos C. Tofacitinib in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis: A Retrospective Multicenter Experience. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae112. [PMID: 38828483 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib has recently been approved for treatment of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC) in adults, yet pediatric data are limited. This international multicenter study describes the effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib in pediatric UC. METHODS This is a retrospective review of children diagnosed with UC treated with tofacitinib from 16 pediatric centers internationally. The primary outcome was week 8 corticosteroid-free clinical remission (Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index <10). Secondary outcomes were clinical response (≥20-point decrease in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index) at week 8, corticosteroid-free clinical remission at week 24, and colectomy rate and adverse safety events through to last follow-up. The primary outcome was calculated by the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS We included 101 children with a mean age at diagnosis of 12.8 ± 2.8 years and a median disease duration of 20 months (interquartile range [IQR], 10-39 months). All had treatment failure with at least 1 biologic agent, and 36 (36%) had treatment failure with 3 agents. Median follow-up was 24 weeks (IQR, 16-54 weeks). Sixteen (16%) children achieved corticosteroid-free clinical remission at week 8, and an additional 30 (30%) demonstrated clinical response. Twenty (23%) of 88 children achieved corticosteroid-free clinical remission at week 24. A total of 25 (25%) children underwent colectomy by median 86 days (IQR, 36-130 days). No serious drug-related adverse events were reported; there was 1 case of herpes zoster and 2 cases of minor blood test perturbations. CONCLUSIONS In this largest real-life pediatric cohort to date, tofacitinib was effective in at least 16% of patients with highly refractory UC by week 8. Adverse events were minor and largely consistent with adult data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Ledder
- Juliet Keidan Institute of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Dolinger
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Susan and Leonard Feinstein IBD Clinical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marla C Dubinsky
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Susan and Leonard Feinstein IBD Clinical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronen Stein
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Srisindu Vellanki
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rachel Buckuk
- Juliet Keidan Institute of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayesha Fatima
- Pediatric IBD Center, Beaumont Children's Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - David L Suskind
- Division of Gastroenterology, Seattle Children's Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jarrad Scarlett
- Division of Gastroenterology, Seattle Children's Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dennis Röser
- Pediatric Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Dror S Shouval
- Institute of Gastroenterology Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabriele Meyer
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Zarela Molle Rios
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Gemma Pujol-Muncunill
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Lozano
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Department, Children's Hospital HUS, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pejman Rohani
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seamus Hussey
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Health Ireland, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tim de Mejj
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, AG&M Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Travis Ayers
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Victor Manuel Navas-López
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Dan Turner
- Juliet Keidan Institute of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Christos Tzivinikos
- Paediatric Gastroenterology Department, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Mohammed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Resál T, Bacsur P, Keresztes C, Bálint A, Bor R, Fábián A, Farkas B, Katsanos K, Michalopoylos G, Ribaldone DG, Attauabi M, Zhao M, Barak HA, Yanai H, Bezzio C, Rispo A, Castiglione F, Bar-Gil Shitrit A, Pugliese D, Armuzzi A, Savarino EV, Kolar M, Lukáš M, Chashkova E, Filip R, Rozieres A, Nancey S, Krznarić Ž, Schäfer E, Szamosi T, Sarlós P, Franko M, Drobne D, Knyazev OV, Kagramanova AV, Limdi J, Wetwittayakhlang P, Lakatos PL, Maharshak N, Bannon L, Nyári T, Szepes Z, Farkas K, Molnár T. Real-Life Efficacy of Tofacitinib in Various Situations in Ulcerative Colitis: A Retrospective Worldwide Multicenter Collaborative Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:768-779. [PMID: 37542737 PMCID: PMC11063556 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tofacitinib (TFB) appears to be effective in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC); however, available real-world studies are limited by cohort size. TFB could be an option in the treatment of acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC). We aimed to investigate efficacy and safety of TFB in moderate-to-severe colitis and ASUC. METHODS This retrospective, international cohort study enrolling UC patients with ≥6-week follow-up period was conducted from February 1 to July 31, 2022. Indications were categorized as ASUC and chronic activity (CA). Baseline demographic and clinical data were obtained. Steroid-free remission (SFR), colectomy, and safety data were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 391 UC patients (median age 38 [interquartile range, 28-47] years; follow-up period 26 [interquartile range, 14-52] weeks) were included. A total of 27.1% received TFB in ASUC. SFR rates were 23.7% (ASUC: 26.0%, CA: 22.8%) at week 12 and 41.1% (ASUC: 34.2%, CA: 43.5%) at week 52. The baseline partial Mayo score (odds ratio [OR], 0.850; P = .006) was negatively associated with week 12 SFR, while biologic-naïve patients (OR, 2.078; P = .04) more likely achieved week 52 SFR. The colectomy rate at week 52 was higher in ASUC group (17.6% vs 5.7%; P < .001) and decreased with age (OR, 0.94; P = .013). A total of 67 adverse events were reported, and 17.9% resulted in cessation of TFB. One case of thromboembolic event was reported. CONCLUSIONS TFB is effective in both studied indications. TFB treatment resulted in high rates of SFR in the short and long terms. Higher baseline disease activity and previous biological therapies decreased efficacy. No new adverse event signals were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Resál
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Bacsur
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Keresztes
- Department for Medical Communication and Translation Studies, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anita Bálint
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Bor
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Fábián
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Farkas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kostas Katsanos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Michalopoylos
- Gastroenterology Department, General Hospital of Athens G. Gennimatas, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Mohamed Attauabi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mirabella Zhao
- Gastrounit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Hadar Amir Barak
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Henit Yanai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Cristina Bezzio
- IBD Unit/Gastroenterology Unit, Rho Hospital, ASST Rhodense, Rho, Italy
| | - Antonio Rispo
- IBD Unit Department, Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Castiglione
- IBD Unit Department, Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ariella Bar-Gil Shitrit
- Digestive Diseases Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniela Pugliese
- IBD Center, Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente, Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Martin Kolar
- IVth Medical Department, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Lukáš
- IVth Medical Department, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Chashkova
- Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Rafał Filip
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD, Unit of Clinical Hospital No. 2 im. Sw. Jadwigi Królowej, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Aurore Rozieres
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre International de Recherche et Infectologie, INSERM U1111, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Nancey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre International de Recherche et Infectologie, INSERM U1111, Lyon, France
| | - Željko Krznarić
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eszter Schäfer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Military Hospital Medical Centre, State Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szamosi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Military Hospital Medical Centre, State Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrícia Sarlós
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Matej Franko
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Drobne
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Oleg V Knyazev
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center named after A. S. Loginov, Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology named after A. N. Ryzhykh, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Kagramanova
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center named after A. S. Loginov, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Health Organization and Medical Management, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jimmy Limdi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Panu Wetwittayakhlang
- Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Peter L Lakatos
- Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nitsan Maharshak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lian Bannon
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Tibor Nyári
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szepes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Klaudia Farkas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Molnár
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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12
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Marijam A, Vroom N, Bhavsar A, Posiuniene I, Lecrenier N, Vroling H. Systematic Literature Review on the Incidence of Herpes Zoster in Populations at Increased Risk of Disease in the EU/EEA, Switzerland, and the UK. Infect Dis Ther 2024; 13:1083-1104. [PMID: 38656653 PMCID: PMC11098998 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-024-00963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Older adults and patients with underlying conditions such as immunocompromised (IC) populations (e.g., due to medical conditions or immunosuppressive medication) are at increased risk for herpes zoster (HZ). The first HZ recombinant vaccine for IC patients was approved in 2020. Limited evidence exists to inform decision-makers on HZ incidence in high-risk patients in Europe. This systematic literature review (SLR) assessed HZ incidence across 14 high-risk populations in the European Union/European Economic Area, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. METHODS An SLR (Embase, Medline, 2002-2022, observational studies) was performed to identify HZ incidence (i.e., primary outcomes: rate or cumulative; secondary: relative incidence) in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma; depression; rheumatic disorders (RD); multiple sclerosis (MS); inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD); psoriasis; lupus; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); solid organ transplantation (SOT); solid organ malignancy (SOM); hematologic malignancy (HM); and stem cell transplantation (SCT). RESULTS Of 776 unique records screened, 59 studies were included (24 reported incidence rate per 1000 person-years; two, cumulative incidence per 1000 persons; and 33, relative incidence). The highest incidence rates were reported for SOT (12.1-78.8) and SCT (37.2-56.1); HM (2.9-32.0); RD (0.41-21.5); lupus (11.0-16.5); IC mixed population (11.3-15.5); HIV/AIDS (11.8-13.0); chronic respiratory diseases (4.7-11.4); SOM (8.8-11.0); IBD (7.0-10.8); DM (4.3-9.4); depression (7.2-7.6); MS (5.7-6.3); and psoriasis (5.3-6.1). In many high-risk populations, HZ incidence was higher for older age groups, women, and some treatments. CONCLUSIONS The HZ incidence rate in Europe increased with age and varied across high-risk populations, with high rates for solid organ and stem cell transplants, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis. Most studies were retrospective with methodological differences affecting generalizability and comparability. Future studies should stratify data by IC population, age, sex, severity, medication, and study timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikki Vroom
- Pallas Health Research & Consultancy, A P95 Company, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Hilde Vroling
- Pallas Health Research & Consultancy, A P95 Company, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Kojima K, Watanabe K, Kawai M, Yagi S, Kaku K, Ikenouchi M, Sato T, Kamikozuru K, Yokoyama Y, Takagawa T, Shimizu M, Shinzaki S. Real-world efficacy and safety of tofacitinib treatment in Asian patients with ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1871-1886. [PMID: 38659488 PMCID: PMC11036499 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i13.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-world data on tofacitinib (TOF) covering a period of more than 1 year for a sufficient number of Asian patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are scarce. AIM To investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of TOF treatment for UC, including clinical issues. METHODS We performed a retrospective single-center observational analysis of 111 UC patients administered TOF at Hyogo Medical University as a tertiary inflammatory bowel disease center. All consecutive UC patients who received TOF between May 2018 and February 2020 were enrolled. Patients were followed up until August 2020. The primary outcome was the clinical response rate at week 8. Secondary outcomes included clinical remission at week 8, cumulative persistence rate of TOF administration, colectomy-free survival, relapse after tapering of TOF and predictors of clinical response at week 8 and week 48. RESULTS The clinical response and remission rates were 66.3% and 50.5% at week 8, and 47.1% and 43.5% at week 48, respectively. The overall cumulative clinical remission rate was 61.7% at week 48 and history of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) agents use had no influence (P = 0.25). The cumulative TOF persistence rate at week 48 was significantly lower in patients without clinical remission than in those with remission at week 8 (30.9% vs 88.1%; P < 0.001). Baseline partial Mayo Score was significantly lower in responders vs non-responders at week 8 (odds ratio: 0.61, 95% confidence interval: 0.45-0.82, P = 0.001). Relapse occurred in 45.7% of patients after TOF tapering, and 85.7% of patients responded within 4 wk after re-increase. All 6 patients with herpes zoster (HZ) developed the infection after achieving remission by TOF. CONCLUSION TOF was more effective in UC patients with mild activity at baseline and its efficacy was not affected by previous treatment with anti-TNF-α agents. Most relapsed patients responded again after re-increase of TOF and nearly half relapsed after tapering off TOF. Special attention is needed for tapering and HZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mikio Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Soichi Yagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Kaku
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Maiko Ikenouchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Kamikozuru
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takagawa
- Center for Clinical Research and Education, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
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14
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Singh A, Mahajan R, Midha V, Kaur K, Singh D, Kaur R, Garg S, Arora K, Bansal N, Sood A. Effectiveness of Tofacitinib in Ulcerative Proctitis Compared to Left Sided Colitis and Pancolitis. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1389-1402. [PMID: 38358458 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative proctitis (UP), though associated with high symptom burden and poor quality of life, is excluded from most of the randomized controlled trials in UC, including the OCTAVE trials. We aimed to analyse the effectiveness of tofacitinib in UP, and compare it to that in left sided colitis (LSC) and pancolitis (PC). METHODS This was a prospective cohort study. Patients with either steroid-dependent or refractory ulcerative colitis, who received tofacitinib, were divided into three groups based on the disease extent [UP, LSC and PC]. The primary outcome was comparison of proportion of patients in clinical remission in the three groups, at weeks 8, 16 and 48. Safety outcomes were reported using incidence rate per patient year of exposure. RESULTS Clinical remission was achieved in 47%(15/32), 24%(23/94), and 43%(23/54) of patients at week 8, 56%(18/32), 37%(35/94), and 56%(30/54) of patients at week 16, and 59%(19/32), 38%(36/94), and 24%(13/54) of patients at week 48 in groups UP, LSC and PC, respectively. Corticosteroid-free clinical remission rates were significantly higher in patients in groups UP at week 48. Five (15%) patients with UP were primary non-responders to tofacitinib at week 16, while three (9%) patients had secondary loss of response at week 48. The probability of sustained clinical response was highest in patients with UP. Patients with UP had the lowest incidence of adverse effects. CONCLUSION The effectiveness of tofacitinib in inducing and maintaining clinical remission is greater in patients with UP compared to LSC and PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshdeep Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India
| | - Ramit Mahajan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India
| | - Vandana Midha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Dharmatma Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India
| | - Shreya Garg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kirti Arora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Namita Bansal
- Research and Development Centre, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ajit Sood
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India.
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Molander P, Kosunen M, Eronen H, Tillonen J, Käräjämäki A, Heikkinen M, Punkkinen J, Mattila R, Toppila I, Hölsä O, Kalpala K, Henrohn D, Af Björkesten CG. Tofacitinib real-world experience in ulcerative colitis in Finland (FinTofUC): a retrospective non-interventional multicenter patient chart data study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:425-432. [PMID: 38156792 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2298361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to define the effectiveness of tofacitinib and to characterize the patient population receiving tofacitinib in a real-world cohort clinical setting for ulcerative colitis (UC) in Finland. METHODS This is a retrospective non-interventional multicenter patient chart data study conducted in 23 Finnish Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) centers. Baseline demographic and clinical data, clinical remission, steroid-free remission rate and time to tofacitinib discontinuation, colectomy or UC-related hospitalization were studied. RESULTS The study included 252 UC patients of which 69% were male. Most patients had extensive disease (71%) and were bio-experienced (81%). Tofacitinib demonstrated positive treatment outcomes with clinical response, clinical remission, and steroid-free clinical remission at one year in 33%, 34% and 31% of patients, respectively. Moreover, 64% of patients in pMayo remission at week 16 from the start of tofacitinib were still in remission at one year. Only no or mild disease activity compared to moderate activity at baseline was associated with a higher probability of achieving remission according to pMayo at six months, p = .008. Hospitalizations and/or colectomies during the study period (before treatment discontinuation/end of follow-up) were low (n = 24), with less than 5 colectomies. CONCLUSIONS In this real-world cohort, including a majority of bio-experienced UC patients, tofacitinib was effective in achieving steroid-free clinical remission in a third of the population at one year. A majority of patients in remission at week 16 were also in remission at one year. Results are in line with earlier published real-world studies. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05082428.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina Molander
- Abdominal Center, Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Heli Eronen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanta-Häme Central Hospital, Hämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Jyrki Tillonen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland
| | - Aki Käräjämäki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Markku Heikkinen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Punkkinen
- Abdominal Center, Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Dan Henrohn
- Pfizer AB, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Clas-Göran Af Björkesten
- Abdominal Center, Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Vieujean S, Laharie D, Buisson A, Roblin X, Fumery M, Nancey S, Wils P, Altwegg R, Seidel L, Caron B, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Histological healing induced by tofacitinib in ulcerative colitis: A multicentre study. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:613-621. [PMID: 38065698 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the efficacy of tofacitinib to induce and maintain clinical and endoscopic remission is well established in ulcerative colitis (UC), little is known about its efficacy to induce histological remission. METHODS We conducted a retrospective multicentric cohort study. UC patients ≥ 16 years treated by tofacitinib in whom histological activity has been evaluated before and after induction were eligible. The primary endpoint was the histological remission at the end of induction, assessed by the Nancy index and the epithelial neutrophilic infiltrate. RESULTS A total of 42 patients with UC (93% previously exposed to an anti-TNF and 81% to vedolizumab) were included between July 2018 and April 2022 and were followed for a median duration of 84 weeks [IQR, 35-134]. At the end of induction period (whether prolonged or not), 19% and 24% of patients achieved histological remission, using the Nancy index and the epithelial neutrophilic infiltrate, respectively. Survival without tofacitinib discontinuation was significantly longer in patients without epithelial neutrophilic infiltrate at the end of induction (whether prolonged or not) compared with patients with epithelial neutrophilic infiltrate (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION Tofacitinib induced histological remission in one fifth to one quarter of patients with UC who have previously failed anti-TNF or/and vedolizumab after induction (whether prolonged or not).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vieujean
- Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, University Hospital CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - David Laharie
- CHU de Bordeaux, Centre Medico-chirurgical Magellan, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Gastroenterology department, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anthony Buisson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 3iHP, Service d'Hépato-Gastro Entérologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Xavier Roblin
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Mathurin Fumery
- Gastroenterology Unit, Amiens University Hospital and PeriTox, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens UMR-IO1, France
| | - Stephane Nancey
- Gastroenterology Department CHU Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1111 - CIRI, Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Wils
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Romain Altwegg
- Hepato-gastroenterology Department, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Seidel
- Biostatistics and medico-economic information department, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Caron
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France; INSERM, NGERE, University of Lorraine, Nancy F-54000, France; NFINY Institute, Nancy University Hospital, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France; FHU-CURE, Nancy University Hospital, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France; INSERM, NGERE, University of Lorraine, Nancy F-54000, France; NFINY Institute, Nancy University Hospital, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France; FHU-CURE, Nancy University Hospital, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France; Groupe Hospitalier privé Ambroise Paré - Hartmann, Paris IBD centre, Neuilly sur Seine 92200, France; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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17
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Herfarth HH, Afzali A, Fischer M, Hudesman D, Abdalla M, McCabe R, Cohen BL, Ungaro RC, Harlan W, Hanson J, Konijeti GG, Polyak S, Ritter T, Salzberg B, Seminerio J, English E, Zhang X, Long MD. Clinical Long-Term Outcomes of Patient-Reported Outcomes in the Prospective Real-World Tofacitinib Response in Ulcerative Colitis Registry. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2024; 15:e00669. [PMID: 38131617 PMCID: PMC10962890 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We previously reported the results of tofacitinib induction therapy in the prospective multisite US real-world Tofacitinib Response in Ulcerative Colitis registry. We now assessed patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and predictors of success during tofacitinib maintenance therapy. METHODS Tofacitinib Response in Ulcerative Colitis included 103 patients with refractory ulcerative colitis (UC); 67% had failed ≥ 2 biologics. Patients reported the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI), Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System measures for anxiety, depression, social satisfaction, and adverse events between weeks 8 and 52 using a web-based system. Paired t test and P for trend were used to compare changes in PRO measures over time. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with response (SCCAI <5) or remission (SCCAI <2) at week 52. RESULTS Of 103 patients, 82.5% entered the maintenance phase and 43.7% remained on tofacitinib at week 52. Tofacitinib de-escalation to 5 mg BID occurred in 15% of patients. At week 52, 42.7% and 31.1% of all patients reported an SCCAI <5 and SCCAI ≤2, respectively. Normalization of bowel frequency, rectal bleeding, and urgency occurred in 79%, 61%, and 48% of patients remaining on maintenance therapy. Social satisfaction improved significantly ( P < 0.001), while anxiety and depression scores only numerically improved. No consistent predictors for tofacitinib long-term treatment efficacy were identified, and safety findings were consistent with the known safety profile of tofacitinib. DISCUSSION Tofacitinib is an effective maintenance therapy in patients with refractory UC. Dose reductions infrequently occurred during maintenance. Unmet needs in UC maintenance include improvement of urgency and psychosocial factors (NCT03772145).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H. Herfarth
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Monika Fischer
- Indiana University, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Maisa Abdalla
- University of Rochester, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - Benjamin L. Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan C. Ungaro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Will Harlan
- Digestive Health Partners, Ashville, North Carolina, USA
| | - John Hanson
- Atrium Health Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gauree G. Konijeti
- Scripps Clinic, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Steven Polyak
- University of Iowa, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Bruce Salzberg
- Atlanta Gastroenterology Specialists, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer Seminerio
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Emily English
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xian Zhang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Millie D. Long
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Giri S, Bhrugumalla S, Kamuni A, Mishra D, Pati GK, Agrawal D, Verma G, Wagh R, Chauhan S, Ingle M, Chandnani S, Jain S, Rathi PM, Shukla A, Kale A. Upfront tofacitinib in patients with biological-naïve ulcerative colitis - An Indian multicentric experience. Indian J Gastroenterol 2024; 43:237-243. [PMID: 37726491 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tofacitinib is a Janus Kinase inhibitor used for treating moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC), mainly after the failure of biological therapy. There is a paucity of data on the outcome of tofacitinib in biological-naïve UC patients. The present study was aimed at analyzing the safety and efficacy of tofacitinib in biological-naïve Indian patients with UC. METHODS The present study retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients with biological-naïve moderate-to-severe active UC from six tertiary care centers in India receiving tofacitinib from September 2020 to September 2022. Clinical remission or response assessment was based on partial Mayo score (PMS) calculated at baseline and weeks eight, 16 and 24. RESULTS Total 47 cases (57.4% male, median age: 32 years) were included. After eight weeks of therapy, 33 (70.2%) achieved clinical remission and eight (17.0%) had a primary failure. The baseline serum albumin at treatment initiation was the only independent predictor of remission at eight weeks (Odds ratio: 11.560, 95% CI: 1.478 - 90.404), but not at 16 weeks. By 24 weeks, 59.6% (28/47) of the patients were in remission and 29.8% (14/47) had stopped tofacitinib either due to failure (27.6%) or adverse events (AEs) (2.1%). Among the 47 patients, 10 (21.2%) cases developed AEs during follow-up, including two tuberculosis (4.2%), one cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis (2.1%) and one herpes zoster (2.1%). Four patients with infection required temporary drug discontinuations. One required permanent discontinuation (mania). CONCLUSION Upfront tofacitinib is effective in biologic-naïve Indian patients with moderate-severe UC. Further randomized studies are required to validate the study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprabhat Giri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, 500 082, India
| | - Sukanya Bhrugumalla
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, 500 082, India
| | - Abhishek Kamuni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, 500 082, India
| | - Debakanta Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, 751 003, India
| | - Girish Kumar Pati
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, 751 003, India
| | - Dhiraj Agrawal
- Department of Gastroenterology, PACE Hospital, Hyderabad, 500 081, India
| | - Govind Verma
- Department of Gastroenterology, PACE Hospital, Hyderabad, 500 081, India
| | - Rohit Wagh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital and Medical College, Mumbai, 400 022, India
| | - Shamshersingh Chauhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital and Medical College, Mumbai, 400 022, India
| | - Meghraj Ingle
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital and Medical College, Mumbai, 400 022, India
| | - Sanjay Chandnani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, 400 008, India
| | - Shubham Jain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, 400 008, India
| | - Pravin M Rathi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, 400 008, India
| | - Akash Shukla
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, 9th Floor, New OPD Building, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Aditya Kale
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, 9th Floor, New OPD Building, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India.
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Cuccia G, Privitera G, Di Vincenzo F, Monastero L, Parisio L, Carbone L, Scaldaferri F, Pugliese D. Predictors of Efficacy of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Patients Affected by Ulcerative Colitis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:766. [PMID: 38337460 PMCID: PMC10856140 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Personalised medicine and the identification of predictors of the efficacy of specific drugs represent the ultimate goal for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) in order to break the current therapeutic ceiling. JAK inhibitors are a new class of advanced therapies, orally administered, showing a good profile of efficacy and safety in both randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and real-world studies. Unfortunately, to date, it is not possible to draw the ideal profile of a patient maximally benefiting from this class of drugs to guide clinicians' therapeutic choices. Baseline clinical activities and inflammatory biomarkers, as well as their early variation after treatment initiation, emerged as the main predictors of efficacy from post hoc analyses of RCTs with tofacitinib. Similar findings were also observed in the real-life studies including mainly patients with a history of pluri-refractoriness to biological therapies. At last, a few new biomarkers have been explored, even though they have not been validated in large cohorts. This paper provides a review of the current knowledge on clinical variables and biomarkers predicting response to JAK inhibitors in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cuccia
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (F.D.V.); (L.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Privitera
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Federica Di Vincenzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (F.D.V.); (L.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Lucia Monastero
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (F.D.V.); (L.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Laura Parisio
- IBD UNIT-CEMAD (Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luigi Carbone
- UOC Pronto Soccorso, Medicina d’Urgenza e Medicina Interna, Ospedale Isola Tiberina Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy;
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (F.D.V.); (L.M.); (F.S.)
- IBD UNIT-CEMAD (Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniela Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (F.D.V.); (L.M.); (F.S.)
- IBD UNIT-CEMAD (Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- UOS Gastroenterologia, Ospedale Isola Tiberina Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
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Wu J, Zhang Z, Wu Q, Zhang L, Chen Z, Zhao H, Wu X, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Ge J, Liu H. Antioxidative effect of Periplaneta americana extract on dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis through activation of the Nrf2 signal. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:949-962. [PMID: 37334466 PMCID: PMC10599263 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2220351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Periplaneta americana L. (Blattariae) is used as a treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC) in Chinese traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antioxidative activity of P. americana whole body ethanol extract (PAE) on UC mice and whether glycine and proline could be used for quality control and identification of active PAE components. MATERIALS AND METHODS NCM460 cells were pre-incubated in PAE, AA-L, AA-M, and AA-H (low, high and medium doses of proline and glycine), then treated with recombinant human TNF-α. The glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen (ROS) levels were determined. UC mice were fed with water containing 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (w/v) after pre-treatment with different doses of PAE once a day for 7 days. ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of inflammation-related factors. Colon tissues of mice were used to detect the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), GSH, MDA, and SOD. Histological changes were observed using H&E staining. The expression of target proteins was determined by western blotting. RESULTS In vivo, PAE treatment reduced the DAI score more than in the model group, restoring the weight and colonic length. It also reduced the severity of colitis, and inflammatory and oxidative stress intensity. Additionally, western blotting showed that the Nrf2 pathway was activated by PAE. In vitro PAE significantly alleviated TNF-α-induced cell damage and oxidative stress, which is relevant to the activation of the Nrf2 pathway. CONCLUSIONS PAE may relieve oxidative stress through the Nrf2 signaling pathway, and proline and glycine may be used as active components of its antioxidative stress activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P. R. China
- The People’s Hospital of YueChi County, Guangan, P. R. China
- Shanghai Synergy Pharmaceutical Sciences Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Shanghai Synergy Pharmaceutical Sciences Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Qimei Wu
- Shanghai Synergy Pharmaceutical Sciences Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Linli Zhang
- Shanghai Synergy Pharmaceutical Sciences Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hairong Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P. R. China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Xiumei Wu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P. R. China
- Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P. R. China
- Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Chenggui Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P. R. China
- Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ge
- Shanghai Synergy Pharmaceutical Sciences Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Heng Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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21
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Yu A, Ha NB, Shi B, Cheng YW, Mahadevan U, Beck KR. Real-World Experience With Tofacitinib Dose De-Escalation in Patients With Moderate and Severe Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:3115-3124.e3. [PMID: 37187323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Tofacitinib is associated with sustained steroid-free remission in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), with the lowest effective dose recommended for maintenance therapy. However, there are limited real-world data to guide decisions on the optimal maintenance regimen. We aimed to evaluate predictors and outcomes of disease activity after tofacitinib dose de-escalation in this population. METHODS Included were adults with moderate-severe UC treated with tofacitinib between June 2012 and January 2022. The primary outcome was evidence of UC disease activity-related events: hospitalization/surgery, corticosteroid initiation, tofacitinib dose increase, or therapy switch. RESULTS Among 162 patients, 52% continued 10 mg twice daily while 48% underwent dose de-escalation to 5 mg twice daily. Cumulative incidence rates of UC events at 12 months were similar in patients with and without dose de-escalation (56% vs 58%; P = .81). In univariable Cox regression among patients with dose de-escalation, an induction course with 10 mg twice daily for more than 16 weeks was protective of UC events (hazard ratio [HR], 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16-0.85) while ongoing severe disease (Mayo 3) was associated with UC events (HR, 6.41; 95% 95% CI, 2.23-18.44), which remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, duration of induction course, and corticosteroid use at dose de-escalation (HR, 6.05; 95% CI, 2.00-18.35). Twenty-nine percent of patients with UC events had their dose re-escalated to 10 mg twice daily, with only 63% able to recapture clinical response at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS In this real-world cohort, we observed a 56% cumulative incidence of UC events at 12 months in patients with tofacitinib dose de-escalation. Observed factors associated with UC events after dose de-escalation included induction course for fewer than 16 weeks and active endoscopic disease 6 months after initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Nghiem B Ha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Bingyan Shi
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Yao-Wen Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Santa Clara Homestead Medical Center, The Permanente Medical Group, Santa Clara, California
| | - Uma Mahadevan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California; Colitis and Crohn's Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Kendall R Beck
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California; Colitis and Crohn's Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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22
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Dalal RS, Sharma PP, Bains K, Pruce JC, Allegretti JR. Clinical and Endoscopic Outcomes Through 78 Weeks of Tofacitinib Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis in a US Cohort. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023:izad242. [PMID: 37843044 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral JAK inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). We assessed outcomes through 78 weeks of tofacitinib therapy for UC in a real-world setting. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included adults initiating tofacitinib for UC from May 1, 2018, to April 1, 2021, at a large academic center in the United States. The primary outcome was steroid-free clinical remission at 78 (+/-4) weeks (SFCR 78; simple clinical colitis activity index ≤2 with no corticosteroid use within 30 days). The secondary outcome was tofacitinib discontinuation due to nonresponse (treatment persistence). Additional outcomes were endoscopic response/remission and adverse events (AEs). RESULTS Seventy-three patients initiated tofacitinib, with a median follow-up of 88 weeks. Among patients with available data, 31 of 60 (51.7%) achieved SFCR 78, 21 of 47 (44.7%) achieved endoscopic remission during follow-up, and 25 of 73 (34.2%) discontinued tofacitinib during follow-up due to nonresponse (including 11 patients who required colectomy). Nineteen AEs were reported among 15 patients during follow-up: shingles (n = 4, all without documented vaccinations), deep venous thrombosis (n = 2), elevated liver enzymes (n = 2), skin abscess (n = 2), pneumonia (n = 2), possible miscarriage (n = 2), norovirus (n = 1), COVID-19 (n = 1), lymphopenia (n = 1), Clostridioides difficile infection (n = 1), and heart block (n = 1). One patient discontinued therapy due to an AE (elevated liver enzymes), and no deaths occurred. CONCLUSION Tofacitinib treatment was effective in achieving SFCR for the majority of patients with UC through 78 weeks. Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of tofacitinib, and AEs requiring discontinuation were rare. Due to limitations regarding sample size, larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Dalal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kanwal Bains
- Department of Nutrition, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordan C Pruce
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica R Allegretti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Chiorean M, Ha C, Hur P, Sharma PP, Gruben D, Khan NH. Experience with Tofacitinib in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: Data from a United States Claims Database. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:3985-3993. [PMID: 37639057 PMCID: PMC10516786 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). AIMS To evaluate real-world data in US patients with UC receiving tofacitinib. METHODS Characteristics and outcomes of patients with UC initiating tofacitinib between 2018 and 2019 were assessed using data from the IBM® MarketScan® claims database. The index date was the first tofacitinib claim; pre- and post-index periods were 12 months. Outcomes included tofacitinib adherence/persistence, oral corticosteroid (OCS) use, and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs. RESULTS Of 276 patients with UC who initiated tofacitinib, 68 (24.6%) were bio-naïve, and 208 (75.4%) bio-experienced. At month 12, overall median tofacitinib adherence (proportion of days covered) was 0.82 (mean 0.68); 43.8% of patients discontinued tofacitinib (90-day gap). Of patients receiving OCS during the post-index 16-week tapering period, 40.4% discontinued OCS up to 12 months post-index. OCS use decreased in patients continuing tofacitinib versus those discontinuing tofacitinib (29.7% vs 59.5%, respectively). Reductions in all-cause and UC-related outpatient visits were observed for bio-naïve (- 1.34 and - 0.88, respectively) and bio-experienced (- 4.72 and - 5.16, respectively) patients, post-index. Decreased UC-related costs per year were observed for bio-experienced patients (difference in post-index vs pre-index, - US$12,448; driven by changes in pharmacy costs), but not for bio-naïve patients (US$47,152). CONCLUSIONS In this real-world analysis in a mostly bio-experienced population, the majority of US patients with UC initiating tofacitinib remained on therapy at 12 months, and OCS use was reduced with tofacitinib treatment. HCRU (all patients) and UC-related costs were reduced in bio-experienced patients. The majority of patients with ulcerative colitis starting tofacitinib in this real-world study continued therapy at 12 months; there was a reduction in the use of steroids, and a decrease in healthcare resournce utilization and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chiorean
- Swedish Medical Center, 751 Northeast Blakely Drive, Suite 3020, Issaquah, Seattle, WA, 98029, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Nabeel H Khan
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Tursi A, Mocci G, Cingolani L, Savarino E, Pica R, Cocco A, Zippi M, Napolitano D, Schiavoni E, Pugliese D, Scaldaferri F, Costa F, Marzo M, Serio M, Scarcelli A, Bolognini L, Bendia E, Maconi G, Cannatelli R, Piergallini S, Bodini G, Calabrese F, Ferronato A, Pranzo G, Elisei W, Monterubbianesi R, Faggiani R, Rodinò S, Sebkova L, Grossi L, Gaiani F, Dè Angelis G, Lorenzetti R, Allegretta L, Cazzato AI, Scorza S, Della Valle N, Sacco R, Forti G, Colucci R, Tonti P, Neve V, Rocco G, Sacchi C, Zampaletta C, Pagnini C, Graziani MG, Di Paolo MC, Onidi FM, Usai Satta P, Picchio M, Papa A. Use of tofacitinib as first or second-line therapy is associated with better outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis: data from a real-world study. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1649-1656. [PMID: 37358928 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2230126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding the real-world (RW) use of tofacitinib (TOF) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are limited. We aimed to investigate TOF's RW efficacy and safety in Italian UC patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective assessment of clinical and endoscopic activity was performed according to the Mayo score. The primary endpoints were to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TOF. RESULTS We enrolled 166 patients with a median follow-up of 24 (IQR 8-36) weeks. Clinical remission was achieved in 61/166 (36.7%) and 75/166 (45.2%) patients at 8-week and 24-week follow-ups, respectively. The optimization was requested in 27 (16.3%) patients. Clinical remission was achieved more frequently when TOF was used as a first/second line rather than a third/fourth line treatment (p = 0.007). Mucosal healing was reported in 46% of patients at the median follow-up time. Colectomy occurred in 8 (4.8%) patients. Adverse events occurred in 12 (5.4%) patients and severe in 3 (1.8%). One case of simple Herpes Zoster and one of renal vein thrombosis were recorded. CONCLUSIONS Our RW data confirm that TOF is effective and safe in UC patients. It performs remarkably better when used as the first/second line of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tursi
- Territorial Gastroenterology Service, Asl Bat, Andria, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giammarco Mocci
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova (AOUP), Padua, Italy
| | - Linda Cingolani
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova (AOUP), Padua, Italy
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova (AOUP), Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Pica
- Division of Gastroenterology, IBD Unit, "S. Pertini" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cocco
- Division of Gastroenterology, IBD Unit, "S. Pertini" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Zippi
- Division of Gastroenterology, IBD Unit, "S. Pertini" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Napolitano
- CEMAD (Digestive Disease Center), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Schiavoni
- CEMAD (Digestive Disease Center), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pugliese
- CEMAD (Digestive Disease Center), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS Foundation, Rome, Italy
- School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- CEMAD (Digestive Disease Center), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS Foundation, Rome, Italy
- School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Costa
- IBD Unit, Department of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Marzo
- Division of Gastroenterology, "Veris-Delli Ponti" Hospital, Scorrano (LE), Italy
| | - Mariaelena Serio
- Division of Gastroenterology, "San Salvatore" Hospital, Pesaro, Italy
| | | | - Laura Bolognini
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Digestive Endoscopy and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Ancona, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bendia
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Digestive Endoscopy and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maconi
- Division of Gastroenterology, "L. Sacco" University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Cannatelli
- Division of Gastroenterology, "L. Sacco" University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Piergallini
- Division of Gastroenterology, IBD Unit, "A. Murri" Hospital, Fermo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bodini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Division of Gastroenterology, IRCCS "San Martino" Hospital, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Calabrese
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Division of Gastroenterology, IRCCS "San Martino" Hospital, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Pranzo
- Ambulatory for IBD Treatment, "Valle D'Itria" Hospital, Martina Franca (TA), Italy
| | - Walter Elisei
- Division of Gastroenterology, "S. Camillo-Forlanini" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Faggiani
- Division of Gastroenterology, "S. Camillo-Forlanini" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Rodinò
- Division of Gastroenterology, "Ciaccio-Pugliese" Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ladislava Sebkova
- Division of Gastroenterology, "Ciaccio-Pugliese" Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laurino Grossi
- Gastroenterology Unit, "Spirito Santo" Hospital, "G d'Annunzio" University, Pescara, Italy
| | - Federica Gaiani
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Dè Angelis
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Lorenzetti
- Division of Gastroenterology, "Nuovo Regina Margherita" Territorial Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Allegretta
- Division of Gastroenterology, "Santa Caterina Novella" Hospital, Galatina (LE), Italy
| | | | - Stefano Scorza
- Division of Gastroenterology, "Santa Caterina Novella" Hospital, Galatina (LE), Italy
| | | | - Rodolfo Sacco
- Division of Gastroenterology, A.O. "Ospedali Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Forti
- Division of Digestive Endoscopy, "S. Maria Goretti" Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Raffaele Colucci
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, "San Matteo Degli Infermi" Hospital, Spoleto (PG), Italy
| | - Paolo Tonti
- Division of Gastroenterology, "A. Perrino" Hospital, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Viviana Neve
- Division of Gastroenterology, "A. Perrino" Hospital, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Giulia Rocco
- Division of Gastroenterology, "Belcolle" Hospital, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, "Belcolle" Hospital, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Cristiano Pagnini
- Division of Gastroenterology, "S. Giovanni - Addolorata" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Usai Satta
- Division of Gastroenterology, "Brotzu" Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello Picchio
- Division of General Surgery, "P. Colombo" Hospital, ASL Roma 6, Velletri (Roma), Italy
| | - Alfredo Papa
- CEMAD (Digestive Disease Center), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS Foundation, Rome, Italy
- School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Gupta N, Papasotiriou S, Hanauer S. The evolving role of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:1075-1089. [PMID: 37226522 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2214728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are a new class of oral therapies for the treatment of moderate-severe ulcerative colitis with additional potential for the treatment of moderate-severe Crohn's disease. In contrast to biologic therapies JAKi provide the opportunity for non-immunogenic once or twice daily oral therapies. AREAS COVERED Janus Kinase inhibitors for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease based on mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical trial and real-world data regarding safety and efficacy; focusing on regulatory approvals in the U.S. and Europe. EXPERT OPINION Janus Kinase inhibitors are considered among the 'advanced therapies' for IBD and are approved for the treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis in adults with pending approvals for Crohn's disease in the U.S. JAKi offer non-immunogenic, oral options for patient not responding to other conventional agents but, have been 'restricted' by the FDA to patients with inadequate response to TNF blockers. JAKi offer rapidly acting oral alternatives to biologic agents for moderate-severe ulcerative colitis where the risks of cardiovascular and thrombotic events noted in rheumatoid arthritis have not been observed in IBD clinical trials. Nevertheless, monitoring of infections (primarily herpes zoster) and risk factors for cardiovascular and thrombotic complications is appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Gupta
- Jerry L Pettis Memorial Veterans Hospitals Loma Linda Va Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Sam Papasotiriou
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Stephen Hanauer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Lindsay JO, Picker N, Kromer D, Smyth M, Patel H. The incidence of remission and indicators of inadequate response to advanced therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis: results from medical charts in the United Kingdom. Curr Med Res Opin 2023; 39:681-689. [PMID: 36951899 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2023.2194782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A considerable proportion of patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC) treated with advanced therapies do not achieve remission, even after one year of treatment, and suboptimal response to advanced therapies is frequently observed in clinical practice. This study aims to analyze clinical practice data in the United Kingdom (UK) and assess the rates of clinical remission and inadequate response with advanced therapies among patients with UC. METHODS This retrospective chart review included patients with UC who initiated a new advanced therapy (i.e., adalimumab, infliximab, golimumab, tofacitinib, or vedolizumab) between January 2017 and September 2019 from eight clinics across the UK. At least 12 months of data before and after starting an advanced therapy were required. Remission was assessed using components of the Mayo score. Inadequate response was defined by therapeutic adjustment or emergency treatment. RESULTS Among 238 patients included (female: 46.6%; median age: 42.0 years; median follow-up: 28.8 months), 178 patients (74.8%) were biologic-naïve. At 12 months, 87 patients (53.9%) had achieved remission (median time to remission: 7.6 months); although 29 (33.3%) among them had required therapeutic modifications to achieve remission. At 12 months, 105 patients (44.3%) had at least one indicator of an inadequate response (median time to first indicator of inadequate response: 18.0 months). CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of patients did not achieve remission, and almost half of included patients had an inadequate response within 1 year after treatment initiation. More effective therapies are needed to effectively treat UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O Lindsay
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Núñez P, Quera R, Yarur AJ. Safety of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Drugs 2023; 83:299-314. [PMID: 36913180 PMCID: PMC10010235 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, better knowledge of the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has led to a relevant expansion of the therapeutic arsenal for these conditions. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are a family of small molecules that block one or more of the intracellular tyrosine kinases, including JAK-1, JAK-2, JAK-3 and TYK-2. Tofacitinib, a non-selective small molecule JAK inhibitor, and upadacitinib and filgotinib, which are selective JAK-1 inhibitors, have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for moderate-to-severe active ulcerative colitis. Compared to biological drugs, JAK inhibitors have a short half-life, rapid onset of action, and no immunogenicity. Both clinical trials and real-world evidence support the use of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of IBD. However, these therapies have been linked with multiple adverse events (AEs) including infection, hypercholesterolemia, venous thromboembolism, major adverse cardiovascular events, and malignancy. While early studies recognized several potential AEs, post-marketing trials have shown that tofacitinib may increase the risk of thromboembolic diseases and major cardiovascular events. The latter are seen in patients aged 50 years or older with cardiovascular risk factors. Hence, the benefits of treatment and risk stratification need to be considered when positioning tofacitinib. Novel JAK inhibitors with a more selective effect on JAK-1 have proven to be effective in both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, offering a potentially safer and efficacious therapeutic option to patients, including those with previous non-response to other therapies such as biologics. Nevertheless, long-term effectiveness and safety data are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Núñez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital San Juan De Dios-Universidad de los Andes, Digestive Disease Center, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Universidad de Chile Santiago, 7620157, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Quera
- Universidad de los Andes, Digestive Disease Center, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, 7620157, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andres J Yarur
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8730 Alden Dr.Thalians 2E, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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Buisson A, Nachury M, Guilmoteau T, Altwegg R, Treton X, Fumery M, Serrero M, Leclerc E, Caillo L, Pereira B, Amiot A, Bouguen G. Real-world comparison of effectiveness between tofacitinib and vedolizumab in patients with ulcerative colitis exposed to at least one anti-TNF agent. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 57:676-688. [PMID: 36401585 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data comparing tofacitinib and vedolizumab in ulcerative colitis (UC) are lacking. AIMS To compare the effectiveness of tofacitinib and vedolizumab in patients with UC who had prior exposure to anti-TNF therapy METHODS: In this multicentre study, we included consecutive patients with UC ≥18 years old with partial Mayo score >2 and prior anti-TNF exposure, who started tofacitinib or vedolizumab between January 2019 and June 2021. Comparisons were performed using propensity score analyses (inverse probability of treatment weighting). RESULTS Overall, 126 and 178 patients received tofacitinib and vedolizumab, respectively. Intensified induction (vedolizumab infusion at week 10 or tofacitinib 10 mg b.d until week 16) was performed in 28.5% and 41.5% of patients, respectively. After propensity-score analysis, corticosteroid-free clinical remission (partial Mayo score ≤2) was achieved at week 16 in 45.1% and 40.2% of patients receiving tofacitinib and vedolizumab, respectively (aOR = 0.82 [0.35-1.91], p = 0.64). Endoscopic improvement (corticosteroid-free clinical remission and endoscopic Mayo score ≤1) (aOR = 0.23[0.08-0.65], p = 0.0032) and histological healing (endoscopic improvement + Nancy histological index ≤1) (13.4% vs 3.2%, aOR = 0.21[0.05-0.91], p = 0.023) were higher at week 16 in patients treated with tofacitinib. No factor was predictive of tofacitinib effectiveness. At least one primary failure to a biologic (OR = 0.46[0.22-0.99], p = 0.049), partial Mayo score >6 (OR = 0.39[0.17-0.90], p = 0.029) and CRP level > 30 mg/L at baseline (OR = 0.08[0.01-0.85], p = 0.036) were associated with vedolizumab failure. CONCLUSION Tofacitinib and vedolizumab are effective in UC after failure of anti-TNF agents. However, tofacitinib seems more effective, especially in severe disease and primary failure to biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Buisson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, 3iHP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, M2iSH, USC-INRA 2018, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maria Nachury
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Guilmoteau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, 3iHP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Romain Altwegg
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, CHU St Eloi Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Treton
- Gastroenterology Department, Beaujon Hospital, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Clichy, France
| | - Mathurin Fumery
- CHU Amiens, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Unité Peritox, France
| | - Melanie Serrero
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Marseille Nord, Aix-Marseille, Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Eloïse Leclerc
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, 3iHP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ludovic Caillo
- Service d'hépato-gastro-entérologie, CHU Nimes, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, DRCI, Unité de Biostatistiques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélien Amiot
- EC2M3-EA7375, Department of Gastroenterology, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chennevier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Guillaume Bouguen
- CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, INSERM, CIC1414, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolism and Cancer), Rennes, France
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REMIT-UC: Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Tofacitinib for Moderate-to-Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Canadian IBD Research Consortium Multicenter National Cohort Study. Am J Gastroenterol 2023; 118:861-871. [PMID: 36580497 PMCID: PMC10144270 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS REMIT-UC is a Canadian multicenter cohort study. Standardized data collection was performed on 334 consecutive adult outpatients with UC treated with tofacitinib. The primary outcomes were achievement of clinical and endoscopic remission. Safety outcomes were reported using incidence rates (events/100 patient-years of exposure). A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate predictors of loss of response after tofacitinib dose de-escalation to 5 mg twice daily (BID). RESULTS Clinical remission was achieved by 35.3% (106/300), 36.0% (104/289), and 35.2% (93/264) of patients at weeks 12, 24, and 52, respectively. Endoscopic remission was achieved by 18.5% (15/81), 23.0% (28/122), and 25.7% (35/136) of patients at weeks 12, 24, and 52, respectively. Incidence of serious infections, herpes zoster, and venous thromboembolism were 2.1 [0.9-4.2], 0.5 [0.1-1.9], and 1.1 [0.3-2.7], respectively. Among responders, 44.5% (109/245) lost response during follow-up, which was recaptured in 54.9% (39/71) of patients who re-escalated to 10 mg BID. Patients with a baseline Mayo endoscopic score of 3 (adjusted hazard ratio 3.60 [95% confidence interval: 1.70-7.62]) and prior biologic failure (adjusted hazard ratio 3.89 [95% confidence interval: 1.28-11.86]) were at a higher risk for losing response after dose reduction. DISCUSSION One-third of patients with UC treated with tofacitinib achieved clinical remission with few serious adverse events. However, half of patients lost response with de-escalation, which was only partially recaptured with increasing the maintenance dose. Those with negative prognostic factors should be counselled about the risks and benefits of continuing high doses of tofacitinib.
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Singh H, Wilson L, Tencer T, Kumar J. Systematic Literature Review of Real-World Evidence on Dose Escalation and Treatment Switching in Ulcerative Colitis. CLINICOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2023; 15:125-138. [PMID: 36855750 PMCID: PMC9968424 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s391413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently approved biologic therapies for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis have well-established efficacy. However, many patients fail to respond or lose response, leading to dose escalation or treatment switching. Objective We sought to identify real-world evidence on dose escalation and treatment switching and associated clinical and economic outcomes among adults with ulcerative colitis treated with infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, or tofacitinib. Methods We conducted a systematic search of Embase, MEDLINE (up to 26 August 2020), and conference proceedings (2017-2020) for studies in adults with ulcerative colitis to assess clinical response and remission, colectomy, adverse events, and economic outcomes related to dose escalation and treatment switching. Results In 56 studies, dose escalation and treatment switching involving infliximab and/or adalimumab were most frequently investigated. Rates of clinical response after dose escalation were 20-95% (1.8-36 months), clinical remission rates were 10-94% (1.8-36 months), colectomy rates were 0-33% (12-38 months), and adverse event rates were 0-18%. Treatment switching rates in 21 studies were 4-70% over 3-62 months, with switch due to loss of response rates of 4-35% over 12-62 months (7 studies). Up to 35% of patients underwent colectomy 12-120 weeks after switching, and 13-38% experienced adverse events. Data relating to economic outcomes were limited to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, but demonstrated increased direct costs associated with both dose escalation and treatment switching. Conclusion Dose escalation and treatment switching are common with existing therapies. However, clinical response and remission rates vary, and a proportion of patients fail to achieve optimal clinical and economic outcomes. This highlights the need for more efficacious and durable treatments for patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Singh
- Health Economics & Market Access (HEMA), Amaris Consulting Ltd, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liam Wilson
- Health Economics & Market Access (HEMA), Amaris Consulting Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tom Tencer
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jinender Kumar
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA,Correspondence: Jinender Kumar, Global HEOR, Bristol Myers Squibb, 100 Nassau Park Blvd #300, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA, Tel +1-609-302-7630, Email
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Shin SH, Oh K, Hong SN, Lee J, Oh SJ, Kim ES, Na SY, Kang SB, Koh SJ, Bang KB, Jung SA, Jung SH, Kim KO, Park SH, Yang SK, Choi CH, Ye BD. Real-life effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib treatment in patients with ulcerative colitis: a KASID multicenter cohort study. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231154103. [PMID: 36950251 PMCID: PMC10026122 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231154103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tofacitinib is a small molecule that inhibits Janus kinase and has been reported to be effective in Western patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the real-life data on tofacitinib in Asian UC patients are limited. Objective To investigate the real-life effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib induction and maintenance treatment in Korean patients with UC. Design This was a retrospective study on patients with UC who received tofacitinib treatment at 12 hospitals in Korea between January 2018 and November 2020. Methods Clinical remission at week 52, defined as a partial Mayo score of ⩽2 with a combined rectal bleeding subscore and stool frequency subscore of ⩽1, was used as the primary outcome. Adverse events (AEs), including herpes zoster and deep vein thrombosis, were also evaluated. Results A total of 148 patients with UC were started on tofacitinib. Clinical remission rates of 60.6%, 54.9%, and 52.8% were reported at weeks 16, 24, and 52, respectively. Clinical response rates of 71.8%, 67.6%, and 59.9% were reported at weeks 16, 24, and 52, respectively. Endoscopic remission rates at weeks 16 and 52 were 52.4% and 30.8% based on the Mayo endoscopic subscore and 20.7% and 15.2% based on the UC endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS), respectively. A higher UCEIS at baseline was negatively associated with clinical response [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.774, p = 0.029] and corticosteroid-free clinical response (aOR: 0.782, p = 0.035) at week 52. AEs occurred in 19 patients (12.8%) and serious AEs in 12 patients (8.1%). Herpes zoster occurred in four patients (2.7%). One patient (0.7%) suffered from deep vein thrombosis. Conclusions Tofacitinib was an effective induction and maintenance treatment with an acceptable safety profile in Korean patients with UC. Plain language summary Real-life effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib treatment in Korean patients with ulcerative colitis Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disorder of the colonic mucosa that usually presents with bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. Tofacitinib is a small molecule that inhibits Janus kinase and has been reported to be effective in Western patients with UC. However, real-life data on the effectiveness of tofacitinib in Asian patients with UC are limited. To investigate the real-life effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib treatment in Korean patients with UC, we retrospectively analyzed the data of 148 patients with UC who received tofacitinib treatment at 12 hospitals in Korea between January 2018 and November 2020. Clinical remission (i.e. complete improvement of symptoms) was achieved in 60.6% and 52.8% of patients at weeks 16 and 52, respectively. Endoscopic remission was achieved in 52.4% and 30.8% of patients at weeks 16 and 52, respectively. A higher baseline score of the UC endoscopic index of severity, which is one of the endoscopic indices that evaluate the severity of inflammation of the colon, was negatively associated with clinical response (i.e. partial improvement of symptoms). Adverse events (AEs) including herpes zoster and deep vein thrombosis occurred in 19 patients (12.8%) and serious AEs occurred in 12 patients (8.1%). Our real-life study shows that tofacitinib is a clinically effective treatment for Korean patients with UC, and the incidence of AEs was also similar to those observed in other real-world studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jungbok Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical
Epidemiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin Ju Oh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyung Hee
University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National
University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St.
Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea,
Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of
Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea,
Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong-Joon Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver
Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Ki Bae Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook
University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sung-Ae Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans
University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St.
Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea,
Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong Ok Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine,
Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Hyoung Park
- Department of Gastroenterology and
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine,
Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Kyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine,
Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang
University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973,
Korea
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Straatmijer T, van Schaik FDM, Bodelier AGL, Visschedijk M, de Vries AC, Ponsioen CY, Pierik M, van Bodegraven AA, West RL, de Boer NKH, Srivastava N, Romkens TEH, Hoekstra J, Oldenburg B, Dijkstra G, van der Woude JC, Löwenberg M, Mujagic Z, Biemans VBC, van der Meulen-de Jong AE, Duijvestein M. Effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib for ulcerative colitis: two-year results of the ICC Registry. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 57:117-126. [PMID: 36282200 PMCID: PMC10092078 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor and is registered for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). The effectiveness of tofacitinib has been evaluated up to 12 months of treatment. AIM The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of 24 months of tofacitinib use in UC patients in the Netherlands. METHODS Patients initiating tofacitinib treatment were included in the ICC Registry, a nationwide, observational registry. Patients were prospectively evaluated for up to 24 months. The primary outcome was corticosteroid-free clinical remission (CSFR, Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index [SCCAI] ≤2) at week 104. Secondary outcomes included biochemical remission (C-reactive protein (CRP) ≤5 mg/L and faecal calprotectin (FC) ≤250 μg/g), safety, and discontinuation rate. RESULTS We included 110 patients of whom 104 (94.5%) were anti-TNF experienced. After 104 weeks of tofacitinib, 31.8% (34/107) were in CSFR, 23.4% (25/107) in biochemical remission and 18.7% (20/107) in combined clinical and biochemical remission. Of the patients in CSFR at week 52, 76.5% (26/34) remained so after 104 weeks of treatment. Sixty-one patients (55.5%) discontinued tofacitinib after a median duration of 13 weeks (IQR 7-34). The main reasons for discontinuation were non-response (59%), loss of response (14.8%), and adverse events (18%). There were 33.9 possible tofacitinib-related adverse events per 100 patient-years during follow-up. Adverse events most probably related to tofacitinib were skin reactions and headaches. There were 6.4 herpes zoster infections per 100 patient-years. CONCLUSION Tofacitinib was effective in 31.8% of patients after 24 months of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Straatmijer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marijn Visschedijk
- University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cyriel Y Ponsioen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Pierik
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad A van Bodegraven
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zuyderland Hospital, Sittard, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel L West
- Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nanne K H de Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Bas Oldenburg
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mark Löwenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zlatan Mujagic
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Perin RL, Magro DO, Andrade AR, Argollo M, Carvalho NS, Damião AOMC, Dotti AZ, Ferreira SDC, Flores C, Ludvig JC, Nones RB, Queiroz NSF, Parra RS, Steinwurz F, Teixeira FV, Kotze PG. Effectiveness and Safety of Tofacitinib in the Management of Ulcerative Colitis: A Brazilian Observational Multicentric Study. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2022; 5:otac050. [PMID: 36777366 PMCID: PMC9855307 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease which affects the colorectal mucosa with a relapsing-remitting pattern. The therapeutic options currently available for the medical management of UC include many options. Tofacitinib is an oral small molecule, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, more selective for JAK1 and JAK3, which reduces the inflammatory process involved in the pathogenesis of UC. Methods Retrospective observational multicentric study of patients with UC who used tofacitinib in any phase of their treatment. Clinical remission and response (according to Mayo score), mucosal healing, primary and secondary loss of response, discontinuation of the drug with possible causes, and the need for dose optimization or switching to biologicals, need for surgery and adverse events were evaluated. Results From a total of 56 included patients, clinical remission was observed in 43.6% at week 12, 54.5% at week 26, 57.9% at week 52, and 40% at the last follow-up visit. Clinical response was observed in 71.4%, 81.8%, 89.5%, and 61.8% at the same time periods, respectively. Mucosal healing rates were 50% and 17.8% needed colectomy. Conclusions Tofacitinib was effective in induction and maintenance of clinical response and remission rates, compatible to other international real-word studies and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramir Luan Perin
- Address correspondence to: Ramir Luan Perin, MD, Thomaz Gonzaga, 799, Passo Fundo - RS, CEP 99020-170, Brazil ()
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandro da Costa Ferreira
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRPUSP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Real-world evidence of tofacinitib in ulcerative colitis: short and long-term effectiveness and safety. Am J Gastroenterol 2022:00000434-990000000-00579. [PMID: 36716287 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the durability, short and long-term effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib in ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinical practice. METHODS Retrospective, multicentre study including UC patients who had received the first tofacitinib dose at least 8 weeks before the inclusion. Clinical effectiveness was based on Partial Mayo Score (PMS). RESULTS A total of 408 patients were included. Of them, 184 (45%) withdrew tofacitinib during follow-up (mean=18 months). The probability of maintaining tofacitinib was 67% at 6 m, 58% at 12 m, and 49% at 24 m. Main reason for tofacitinib withdrawal was primary non-response (44%). Older age at the start of tofacitinib and higher severity of clinical activity were associated with tofacitinib withdrawal. The proportion of patients in remission was 38% at week 4, 45% at week 8, and 47% at week 16. Having moderate-severe vs. mild disease activity at baseline and older age at tofacitinib start were associated with lower and higher likelihood of remission at week 8, respectively. Of 171 patients in remission at week 8, 83 (49%) relapsed. The probability of maintaining response was 66% at 6 m and 54% at 12 m. There were 93 adverse events related to tofacitinib treatment [including 2 pulmonary thromboembolisms (in patients with risk factors) and 2 peripheral vascular thrombosis], and 29 led to tofacitinib discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS Tofacitinib is effective both in the short and in the long-term in patients with UC. The safety profile is similar to that previously reported.
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Sleiman J, Bassi M, Tsipotis E, Charabaty A. Medical Treatment Options for Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2022; 35:428-436. [PMID: 36591395 PMCID: PMC9797279 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The landscape of management of ulcerative colitis, a type of inflammatory bowel disease, continues to change with advancement in pharmaceutical options as well as clinical treatment targets. Ulcerative colitis primarily involves the superficial layers of the large bowel, and cause active inflammation that can affect the colon from the rectum to the cecum in a relapsing and a remitting course. In this review, we provide evidence-based guidance on the selection of appropriate medical therapies based on individual patient and disease characteristics, with a focus on biologics and small molecules. We also review the role of surgery and management of acute severe ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sleiman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mehak Bassi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Peter's University Hospital, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Evangelos Tsipotis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Aline Charabaty
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland,Address for correspondence Aline Charabaty, MD Department of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Sibley Memorial Hospital5255 Loughboro Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20007
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Tofacitinib Salvage Therapy for Children Hospitalized for Corticosteroid- and Biologic-Refractory Ulcerative Colitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 75:724-730. [PMID: 36122389 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colectomy rates following acute severe ulcerative colitis have plateaued around 20% despite intravenous corticosteroid and intensified anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biologic dosing. Recent studies have shown tofacitinib to provide additional benefit in further decreasing colectomy rates among hospitalized adult patients with corticosteroid- and anti-TNF-nonresponsive ulcerative colitis. Pediatric data describing the effectiveness of tofacitinib for this indication does not yet exist. We aimed to describe the treatment courses and colectomy-free survival among pediatric patients treated with tofacitinib while hospitalized for refractory ulcerative colitis. METHODS We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study of consecutive hospitalized pediatric patients initiating tofacitinib for refractory ulcerative colitis from 2018 to 2021. The primary outcome was 90-day colectomy-free survival. Secondary outcomes included colectomy-free clinical remission, corticosteroid independence, colectomy-free tofacitinib drug-persistence, tofacitinib-related adverse events, and postoperative complications. Baseline characteristics and details of the timing and positioning of therapies utilized during hospitalization were described. Outcomes were described using counts, percentages, and Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS Eleven patients met inclusion criteria. All patients demonstrated nonresponse to both intravenous corticosteroids and anti-TNF therapy prior to tofacitinib initiation. Median hospitalization length was 22 days and mean maximum pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index during hospitalization was 68. Eight of 11 patients remained colectomy-free at 90 days following hospital admission and 6 remained colectomy-free over median 182-day follow-up, including 4 of whom remained on tofacitinib. CONCLUSIONS Tofacitinib may represent a new treatment option for hospitalized pediatric patients with corticosteroid- and anti-TNF-nonresponsive ulcerative colitis. Future research is essential in determining the optimal positioning of these therapies.
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Kochar BD, Cheng D, Cai T, Ananthakrishnan AN. Comparative Risk of Thrombotic and Cardiovascular Events with Tofacitinib and Anti-TNF Agents in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:5206-5212. [PMID: 35113275 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been associated with increased risks for thromboembolic and cardiovascular events, but drug attributable risk is unknown. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a US claims database. We identified patients with IBD by International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes, stipulated 180 days of continuous enrollment prior to tofacitinib or anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) initiation to determine new users. Primary outcomes were ICD codes for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and cardiovascular (CV) events. We constructed propensity score (PS)-weighted Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and time-to-event outcomes comparing tofacitinib and anti-TNF. We conducted a subgroup analysis of patients ≥ 50 years. RESULTS We identified 305 patients with IBD initiating tofacitinib and compared them with 19,096 initiating anti-TNFs. After weighting, balance was achieved across all demographic covariates. VTE occurred in 5% of patients treated with tofacitinib and 4% of anti-TNF users; in a PS-weighted cohort, tofacitinib did not confer a significantly elevated VTE risk compared with anti-TNF therapy (HR: 1.72, 95% CI: 0.74-3.01). A major CV event (MACE) occurred in 2% of tofacitinib users and 1% of anti-TNF users; tofacitinib also did not confer a significantly elevated risk for MACE (HR: 2.50, 95% CI: 0.37-6.18). Those with a Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 2 had greater risks for thromboembolic and cardiovascular events. Similar findings were noted in patients ≥ 50 years. CONCLUSIONS In this large, active comparator, study, we demonstrate that tofacitinib was not associated with a higher risk of adverse thrombotic events compared with anti-TNFs in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharati D Kochar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Cheng
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- , Boston, USA.
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Taneja V, El-Dallal M, Haq Z, Tripathi K, Systrom HK, Wang LF, Said H, Bain PA, Zhou Y, Feuerstein JD. Effectiveness and Safety of Tofacitinib for Ulcerative Colitis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2022; 56:e323-e333. [PMID: 34516458 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib in the treatment of moderate-severe ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central to identify articles and abstracts reporting efficacy or safety data on tofacitinib use in UC. Primary outcome assessed was remission. Secondary outcomes included clinical response, steroid free remission, and adverse events (AEs). RESULTS A total of 26 studies were included. The rates of remission were 29.81% [95% confidence interval (CI): 22.37%-37.25%, I2 : 90%] at week 8, 32.27% (95% CI: 27.67%-36.88%, I2 : 42%) at 6 months and 38.03% (95% CI: 33.59%-42.48%, I2 : 0%) at 1-year. Clinical response rates were 59.41% (95% CI: 55.03%-63.94%, I2 : 61%) at week 8, 48.99% (95% CI: 36.92%-61.06%, I2 : 91%) at 6 months and 50.87% (95% CI: 42.16%-59.58%, I2 : 67%) at 1-year. Odds ratio of clinical response at week 8 in biologic naive versus biologic experienced patients was 1.59 (95% CI: 0.54-4.63). Pooled incidence rate for serious infections, major adverse cardiovascular events, and nonmelanotic squamous cell malignancies across all doses was 4.41 per 100-patient years (PYs) (95% CI: 2.32-8.38 per 100-PY, I2 : 78%), 0.91 per 100-PY (95% CI: 0.43-1.93 per 100-PY, I2 : 37%) and 0.91 per 100-PY (95% CI: 0.61-1.34 per 100-PY, I2 : 0%), respectively. Higher dose was associated with an increased frequency of AEs. CONCLUSIONS While the overall efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in moderate-severe UC is consistent with clinical trial data, the dose dependent increase in AEs highlights the significance of early dose de-escalation. Rate of clinical response after tofacitinb induction was similar in biologic naive and biologic experienced patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed El-Dallal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge
| | - Zadid Haq
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Bayview Medical Residency, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kartikeya Tripathi
- University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate Campus, Springfield, MA
| | - Hannah K Systrom
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
| | - Linda F Wang
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
| | - Hyder Said
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
| | - Paul A Bain
- Countway Library, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Youlian Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
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Irving PM, Leung Y, Dubinsky MC. Review article: guide to tofacitinib dosing in patients with ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:1131-1145. [PMID: 35993338 PMCID: PMC9544682 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). The induction dose is 10 mg twice daily (b.d.), whilst for maintenance therapy, the lowest effective dose should be used. AIM To examine published evidence on the two tofacitinib dosing strategies used in UC treatment, including expert interpretation of the data and how they could inform clinical practice. METHODS The use of tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg b.d. was assessed using data from the tofacitinib UC clinical programme in the context of different clinical scenarios. We include experts' opinions on the clinical implications of dose adjustment to inform the benefit/risk of using tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg b.d., based on clinical scenarios and real-world data. RESULTS Factors to consider when adjusting the tofacitinib dose include disease severity, comorbidities and previous biological exposure. The endoscopic subscore can determine whether a patient is a good candidate for dose reduction. Following disease relapse, the response can be recaptured in a substantial number of patients with a dose increase. Furthermore, data are now published showing real-world use of tofacitinib and, so far, these are consistent with data from the clinical trials. CONCLUSION Clinicians must consider the benefit/risk balance of tofacitinib 10 versus 5 mg b.d. in terms of dose-related side effects, as well as the safety implications of undertreating active disease. All patients should be closely monitored for disease relapse following dose reduction or interruption for early recapture of response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvette Leung
- Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Marla C. Dubinsky
- Susan and Leonard Feinstein IBD Clinical CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Matsuoka K, Hisamatsu T, Kim HJ, Ye BD, Arai S, Hoshi M, Yuasa H, Tabira J, Toyoizumi S, Shi N, Woo J, Hibi T. Safety and efficacy of long-term tofacitinib treatment in East Asian patients with ulcerative colitis in OCTAVE Open. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1884-1892. [PMID: 35734858 PMCID: PMC9796539 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Tofacitinib is an oral small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). We present safety and efficacy data from patients from East Asia (Japan, Korea, and Taiwan) in OCTAVE Open, an open-label, long-term extension study. METHODS Patients in remission at OCTAVE Open baseline received tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily (BID); all others received tofacitinib 10 mg BID. Proportions and IRs (unique patients with events/100 patient-years) were calculated for adverse events (AEs) of special interest. Efficacy endpoints were evaluated up to 36 months. RESULTS In OCTAVE Open, 105/944 patients were from East Asia (tofacitinib 5 mg BID, n = 22; tofacitinib 10 mg BID, n = 83). Overall, 87.6% and 24.8% of patients had AEs and serious AEs, respectively; IRs (95% CI) for AEs of special interest were herpes zoster (HZ; non-serious and serious), 6.07 (3.40-10.02); serious infections, 1.47 (0.40-3.76); opportunistic infections, 1.91 (0.62-4.45); major cardiovascular adverse events, 0.37 (0.01-2.04); malignancies (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer [NMSC]), 0.37 (0.01-2.04); and NMSC, 0.00 (0.00-1.35). No deaths, venous thromboembolic events, or gastrointestinal perforations occurred. At month 36, 68.2% and 54.2% of patients had a clinical response, 68.2% and 53.0% had endoscopic improvement, and 63.6% and 49.4% were in remission with tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg BID, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The HZ IR in East Asian patients was numerically higher versus the global study population; excluding HZ, tofacitinib safety and efficacy were consistent with the global study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyoshi Matsuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal MedicineToho University Sakura Medical CenterChibaJapan
| | - Tadakazu Hisamatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKyorin University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hyo Jong Kim
- Center for Crohn's and ColitisKyung Hee University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and TreatmentKitasato University Kitasato Institute HospitalTokyoJapan
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Sandborn WJ, Armuzzi A, Liguori G, Irving PM, Sharara AI, Mundayat R, Lawendy N, Woolcott JC, Danese S. Predictors of Sustained Response With Tofacitinib Therapy in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1338-1347. [PMID: 34958359 PMCID: PMC9434448 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule JAK inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. We evaluate baseline characteristics as predictors of sustained response and remission in patients with ulcerative colitis receiving tofacitinib maintenance therapy. METHODS Patients with clinical response following OCTAVE Induction 1 and 2 entered OCTAVE Sustain and were rerandomized to receive tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily or placebo. Baseline characteristics were stratified by week 52 efficacy endpoints (remission, sustained remission, clinical response, sustained clinical response). Associations between baseline characteristics and efficacy endpoints were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Overall, 170 of 487 (34.9%) patients were in remission at week 52. In multivariable modeling, endoscopic subscore at baseline of OCTAVE Induction 1 and 2 (2 vs 3; odds ratio [OR], 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-2.44]), partial Mayo score (<2 vs ≥2; OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.27-2.90), and age (per 10-years; OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.39) at baseline of OCTAVE Sustain (following 8 weeks' tofacitinib induction therapy) were associated with higher odds of remission at week 52. Oral corticosteroid use (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.42-0.96) and C-reactive protein (per unit; OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-0.99) at baseline of OCTAVE Sustain were associated with reduced likelihood of remission at week 52. In general, opposite associations were observed for time to loss of response. CONCLUSION Patients with greater clinical improvement after 8 weeks of tofacitinib induction therapy are more likely to maintain response or remission with tofacitinib regardless of dose received during maintenance, highlighting the importance of a robust response to induction therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Sandborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- IBD Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Ala I Sharara
- Division of Gastroenterology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | | | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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42
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Mishra S, Jena A, Kakadiya R, Sharma V, Ahuja V. Positioning of tofacitinib in treatment of ulcerative colitis: a global perspective. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 16:737-752. [PMID: 35875997 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2106216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tofacitinib has emerged as a useful drug for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). AREAS COVERED There is an unmet need for cost-effective, non-immunogenic drugs with a safe adverse effect profile to treat patients with ulcerative colitis. In the present review, we evaluate the available literature to inform the appropriate positioning of tofacitinib in the current drug landscape and identify subsets where its use should be done with caution. EXPERT OPINION Tofacitinib is helpful in the treatment of patients where the standard conventional or biological therapies have failed or were not tolerated. With lower costs of the generic drug than the biologicals (or biosimilars), it could be an important therapy in low- to middle-income countries. The risk of infections, especially Herpes Zoster and tuberculosis, needs to be addressed before initiation. Tofacitinib should be avoided in patients with venous thromboembolism and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Due to limited evidence, the use is not recommended in pregnancy, while it should be used with caution in elderly citizens. Future trials should look into the head-to-head comparison of tofacitinib with biologicals. The role of tofacitinib in acute severe colitis needs evaluation with comparative trials with current standards of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anuraag Jena
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rinkalben Kakadiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vineet Ahuja
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
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43
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Verstockt B, Volk V, Jaeckel C, Alsoud D, Sabino J, Nikolaus S, Outtier A, Krönke N, Feuerhake F, De Hertogh G, Rosenstiel P, Vermeire S, Schreiber S, Ferrante M, Aden K. Longitudinal monitoring of STAT3 phosphorylation and histologic outcome of tofacitinib therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:282-291. [PMID: 35484689 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is the first in class, pan-JAK inhibitor approved for ulcerative colitis (UC). Clinical efficacy has been shown, but long-term real-life endoscopic and histologic data are lacking. AIM To investigate the effects of tofacitinib in patients with refractory UC focussing on endoscopic, histologic and molecular outcomes, including STAT3 phosphorylation (pSTAT3) detection in the spatial context of mucosal inflammation METHODS: We prospectively monitored 59 highly refractory patients (96.7% anti-TNF exposure, 91.7% vedolizumab exposure) initiating tofacitinib at two IBD referral centres and assessed outcome at the end of induction and after 48 weeks of therapy. Endoscopic improvement was defined as a Mayo endoscopic subscore ≤1, endoscopic and histologic remission as Mayo endoscopic subscore 0 and Nancy histologic score 0. Multiplex immunohistochemistry with multispectral imaging was used to assess pSTAT3. RESULTS Endoscopic improvement was achieved by 24.4% and 30.5% of patients at weeks 8 and 48, respectively. Endoscopic and histologic remission rates were 11.1%, 23.7 and 16.7%, 21.4%, respectively. Endoscopic improvement at week 8 was significantly associated with treatment continuation in the long-term (72.7% vs 20.6%, p = 0.003). Although we observed a gradual decrease of mucosal pSTAT3 levels in both remitters and non-remitters (p < 0.05), no association with treatment outcome could be demonstrated. However, lamina propria pSTAT3 was significantly associated with the Nancy Histologic index (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION Tofacitinib can induce and maintain endoscopic and histologic remission in up to one-quarter of highly refractory UC patients. Longitudinal monitoring of nuclear pSTAT3 in mucosal tissue compartments reflects distinctive on-target effects, independently of long-term treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Verstockt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Disease, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valery Volk
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Charlot Jaeckel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dahham Alsoud
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Disease, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - João Sabino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Disease, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susanna Nikolaus
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - An Outtier
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicole Krönke
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Gert De Hertogh
- Laboratory of Morphology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Disease, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marc Ferrante
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Disease, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Konrad Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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Lin X, Guo X, Qu L, Tu J, Li S, Cao G, Liu Y. Preventive effect of Atractylodis Rhizoma extract on DSS-induced acute ulcerative colitis through the regulation of the MAPK/NF-κB signals in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115211. [PMID: 35331877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. is traditionally used as a folk medicine for treating gastrointestinal diseases in China. Nevertheless, the effect and mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory activity on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) have not yet been fully investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and underlying molecular mechanisms of Ethanolic Extract of Atractylodis Rhizoma (EEAR) on DSS-induced UC mice and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The EEAR was obtained and then analyzed by HPLC analysis. The protective effect of EEAR on DSS-induced UC was evaluated by weight loss, disease activity index (DAI) score, spleen index, goblet cell loss, colon length shortening, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and pathological changes. The level of inflammatory cytokines were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-PCR analysis. The expressions of the tight junction (TJ, such as ZO-1, Occludin) proteins and the target proteins in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were determined by western blotting analysis. RESULTS EEAR significantly attenuated the symptoms of UC, suppressed the colon MPO activity, and increased the goblet cell loss. In addition, EEAR could significantly increase the expression of TJs in UC mice. Meanwhile, EEAR treatment could reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines and inhibit the phosphorylation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in UC mice and in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that EEAR ameliorated DSS-induced UC by inhibiting the inflammatory response and maintaining the intestinal barrier function via modulation of MAPK/NF-κB pathways, thus, EEAR might be a promising therapeutic candidate for UC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Xiuli Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Linghang Qu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Jiyuan Tu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Shuiqing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Guosheng Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Yanju Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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45
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Long MD, Afzali A, Fischer M, Hudesman D, Abdalla M, McCabe R, Cohen BL, Ungaro RC, Harlan W, Hanson J, Konijeti G, Polyak S, Ritter T, Salzberg B, Seminerio J, English E, Zhang X, Sharma PP, Herfarth HH. Tofacitinib Response in Ulcerative Colitis (TOUR): Early Response After Initiation of Tofacitinib Therapy in a Real-world Setting. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 29:570-578. [PMID: 35700276 PMCID: PMC10069660 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral, small-molecule JAK inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Using a novel electronic reporting tool, we aimed to prospectively describe the onset of tofacitinib efficacy during induction therapy in a real-world study. METHODS Patient-reported outcome data (PROs) including the simple clinical colitis activity index (SCCAI), PRO Measurement Identification Systems (PROMIS) measures, and adverse events were collected daily for the first 14 days and at day 28 and 56. Paired t tests and P for trend were utilized to compare changes in SCCAI over time. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression models were performed to describe response (SCCAI <5) and remission (SCCAI ≤2) by clinical factors. RESULTS Of all included patients (n = 96), 67% had failed ≥2 biologics, and 61.5% were on concomitant steroids. Starting at day 3, PROs showed significant and persistent decline of the mean SCCAI (-1.1, P < 000.1) including significantly lower SCCAI subscores for stool frequency (-0.3; P < .003), bleeding (-0.3; P < .0002) and urgency (-0.2; P < .001). Steroid-free remission at day 14, 28, and 56 was achieved in 25%, 30.2%, and 29.2% of patients, respectively. Neither prior biologics nor endoscopic severity were independently predictive of response or remission in multivariate models. Numeric improvements in all PROMIS measures (anxiety, depression, social satisfaction) were seen through day 56. Rates of discontinuation due to adverse events were low. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective real-world study, tofacitinib resulted in a rapid and persistent improvement in UC disease activity PROs. The safety findings were consistent with the established safety profile of tofacitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millie D Long
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anita Afzali
- Ohio State University, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Monika Fischer
- Indiana University, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Maisa Abdalla
- University of Rochester, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Benjamin L Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan C Ungaro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Will Harlan
- Digestive Health Partners, Ashville, NC, USA
| | - John Hanson
- Atrium Health Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Steven Polyak
- University of Iowa, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer Seminerio
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Emily English
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xian Zhang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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46
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Gopalakrishnan S, Hansen MD, Skovdahl HK, Roseth IA, van Beelen Granlund A, Østvik AE, Bakke I, Sandvik AK, Bruland T. Tofacitinib Downregulates TNF and Poly(I:C)-Dependent MHC-II Expression in the Colonic Epithelium. Front Immunol 2022; 13:882277. [PMID: 35655783 PMCID: PMC9152176 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.882277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)-I and -II genes are upregulated in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) during active inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but little is known about how IBD-relevant pro-inflammatory signals and IBD drugs can regulate their expression. We have previously shown that the synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)), induces interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) in colon organoids (colonoids). These ISGs may be involved in the induction of antigen presentation. In the present study, we applied colonoids derived from non-IBD controls and ulcerative colitis patients to identify induction and effects of IBD-drugs on antigen presentation in IECs in the context of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-driven inflammation. By RNA sequencing, we show that a combination of TNF and Poly(I:C) strongly induced antigen-presentation gene signatures in colonoids, including expression of MHC-II genes. MHC-I and -II protein expression was confirmed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. TNF+Poly(I:C)-dependent upregulation of MHC-II expression was associated with increased expression of Janus Kinases JAK1/2 as well as increased activation of transcription factor Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Accordingly, pre-treatment of colonoids with IBD-approved pan-Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor Tofacitinib led to the downregulation of TNF+Poly(I:C)-dependent MHC-II expression associated with the abrogation of STAT1 activation. Pre-treatment with corticosteroid Budesonide, commonly used in IBD, did not alter MHC-II expression. Collectively, our results identify a regulatory role for IBD-relevant pro-inflammatory signals on MHC-II expression that is influenced by Tofacitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne Doré Hansen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Helene Kolstad Skovdahl
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid Aass Roseth
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atle van Beelen Granlund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann Elisabet Østvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingunn Bakke
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Kristian Sandvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torunn Bruland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Panaccione R, Abreu MT, Lazariciu I, Mundayat R, Lawendy N, Salese L, Woolcott JC, Sands BE, Chaparro M. Persistence of treatment in patients with ulcerative colitis who responded to tofacitinib therapy: data from the open-label, long-term extension study, OCTAVE open. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 55:1534-1544. [PMID: 35246988 PMCID: PMC9311428 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SummaryBackgroundTofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC).AimThis post hoc analysis evaluated tofacitinib persistence in patients with UC in OCTAVE Open, an open‐label, long‐term extension study of patients receiving tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily.MethodsKaplan‐Meier estimates for tofacitinib drug survival and reasons for discontinuations were evaluated. Baseline factors were analysed as predictors of persistence.ResultsThis analysis included 603 patients: 280 entered OCTAVE Open with a clinical response (164 in remission and 116 not in remission), 220 were delayed responders, 75 were retreatment responders and 35 were dose escalation responders, treated for up to 7 years in OCTAVE Open. Of these, 118 (42.1%) responders, 121 (55.0%) delayed responders, 40 (53.3%) retreatment responders and 17 (48.6%) dose escalation responders discontinued tofacitinib with a median time to discontinuation of 5.6, 4.5, 4.0 and 4.4 years, respectively. The estimated 2‐ and 5‐year drug survival rates in the responders (including patients in remission and not in remission) were 73.9% and 54.5%, respectively. Corresponding persistence values for delayed responders were 69.5% and 45.2%, for retreatment responders, 70.7% and 40.0%, and for dose escalation responders, 74.3% and 32.8%.ConclusionIn OCTAVE Open, a high proportion of patients maintained tofacitinib treatment, with the median survival by group ranging from 4.0 to 5.6 years although these analyses are post hoc and limited by sample size. Further research should focus on factors to enhance persistence with tofacitinib treatment in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Panaccione
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Maria T. Abreu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Crohn’s and Colitis CenterUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruce E. Sands
- Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of GastroenterologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - María Chaparro
- Gastroenterology Department of Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS‐IP)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)MadridSpain
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48
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Sleutjes JAM, Roeters van Lennep JE, van der Woude CJ, de Vries AC. Lipid Changes After Induction Therapy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Effect of Different Drug Classes and Inflammation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 29:531-538. [PMID: 35590447 PMCID: PMC10069657 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia may be an important modifiable risk factor contributing to the increased cardiovascular risk in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The lipid metabolism is subject to both systemic inflammation and drug therapy; however, it is unclear if this effect is drug-class dependent. Our aim was to assess lipid changes after IBD induction therapy and evaluate associated factors with a particular focus on drug class and disease activity. METHODS In this prospective study, consecutive IBD patients starting systemic therapy (eg, corticosteroids, thiopurines, methotrexate, anti-TNF-α agents, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, and tofacitinib) were included. Primary outcomes were changes in total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and triglycerides at week 10. RESULTS One hundred ninety-eight IBD patients (107 women [54%], median age 36 years; interquartile range [IQR], 27-47) were included: 137 Crohn's disease (67%), 61 ulcerative colitis (29%), and 8 IBD-unclassified (4%). Median C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin at baseline were 5.1 mg/L (IQR, 1.6-12.0) and 1040 ug/g (IQR, 383-1800), respectively. Relative increases in total cholesterol, HDL-c, and LDL-c were significant after prednisone (+26%, +31%, +12%) and tofacitinib therapy (+20%, +25%, +26%), respectively. Results remained after adjusting for concomitant corticosteroids, cholestyramine, and PSC diagnosis. Changes in clinical scores were inversely correlated with total cholesterol changes (R -186, P = .014), as was CRP with total cholesterol and LDL-c (R -0.292 and R -0.259, P < .001). No correlation was found with FCP. Lipid changes remained after adjusting for age and CRP. CONCLUSIONS Prednisone and tofacitinib induction therapy significantly increase serum lipid levels, whereas no changes were observed in other drug classes. The observations seem drug-specific inasmuch as adjustment for systemic inflammation did not alter the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn A M Sleutjes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - C Janneke van der Woude
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie C de Vries
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Vavricka SR, Greuter T, Cohen BL, Reinisch W, Steinwurz F, Fellmann M, Guo X, Lawendy N, Paulissen J, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Corticosteroid-free efficacy and safety outcomes in patients receiving tofacitinib in the OCTAVE Sustain maintenance study. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221090834. [PMID: 35574426 PMCID: PMC9096189 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221090834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we report steroid-free efficacy and safety with tofacitinib among patients with UC who received corticosteroids at baseline of the maintenance study (OCTAVE Sustain). Methods This analysis included patients with clinical response following OCTAVE Induction 1 and 2 who were re-randomized to receive placebo, or tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily (b.d.), in OCTAVE Sustain for 52 weeks and were receiving corticosteroids at OCTAVE Sustain baseline. Corticosteroid tapering was mandatory during OCTAVE Sustain. Rates of steroid-free remission, endoscopic improvement, and clinical response were assessed, stratified by baseline characteristics. Adverse events (AEs) were stratified by treatment and steroid-free remission status. Results Overall, 289/593 patients had corticosteroid use at OCTAVE Sustain baseline. At week 52, steroid-free remission, endoscopic improvement, and clinical response rates were 10.9%, 11.9%, and 17.8% among patients receiving placebo, 27.7%, 29.7%, and 40.6% among patients receiving tofacitinib 5 mg b.d., and 27.6%, 29.9%, and 43.7% among patients receiving tofacitinib 10 mg b.d., respectively (non-responder imputation; all p < 0.05 tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg b.d. versus placebo). Discontinuations due to AEs were lower among patients with steroid-free remission versus without. AEs of special interest were infrequent. Conclusion For patients with baseline corticosteroid use in OCTAVE Sustain, the odds of achieving steroid-free efficacy endpoints were significantly higher for tofacitinib versus placebo, irrespective of tofacitinib dose. There were no apparent differences in AEs of special interest by steroid-free remission status.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01458574.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan R. Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich and Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vulkanplatz 8, CH - 8048, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Greuter
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin L. Cohen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Flavio Steinwurz
- Unit of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inserm U1256 NGERE, Nancy University Hospital, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Chiorean MV, Allegretti JR, Sharma PP, Chastek B, Salese L, Bell EJ, Peterson-Brandt J, Cappelleri JC, Guo X, Khan N. Real-world characteristics, treatment experiences and corticosteroid utilisation of patients treated with tofacitinib for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:177. [PMID: 35397501 PMCID: PMC8994921 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule JAK inhibitor for the treatment of UC. We aimed to describe the real-world treatment experience and corticosteroid utilisation of patients treated with tofacitinib in a US claims database. Methods Patients with a UC diagnosis who initiated tofacitinib, vedolizumab or tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) treatment between May 2018 and July 2019 were identified from the Optum Research Database. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who initiated tofacitinib, vedolizumab or TNFi were described. Oral corticosteroid use prior to and following tofacitinib initiation was evaluated. Tofacitinib adherence (proportion of days covered) and continuation was assessed for 6 months following initiation. Analyses were descriptive and stratified by prior biologic use (naïve, 1 or ≥ 2; minimum of 12 months prior to tofacitinib initiation). Results Among patients initiating tofacitinib (N = 225), mean age was 45.6 (SD 16.5) years and 50.2% were female. Of these, 43 (19.1%) patients were biologic-naïve and 182 (80.9%) had prior biologic use (92 [40.9%], 1 prior biologic; 90 [40.0%], ≥ 2 prior biologics). Among patients with 1 prior biologic, 82.6% were previously treated with a TNFi. Among patients with ≥ 2 prior biologics, 54.4% were previously treated with vedolizumab and a TNFi, 16.7% with two TNFi and 28.9% with ≥ 3 prior biologics. In the 6 months prior to tofacitinib initiation, 65.8% of patients had received oral corticosteroids (74.4%, 60.9% and 66.7% for biologic-naïve, 1 and ≥ 2 prior biologics, respectively). The proportion of patients with ongoing oral corticosteroid use 3–6 months after tofacitinib initiation decreased to 13.3% (9.3%, 18.5% and 10.0% for biologic-naïve, 1 and ≥ 2 prior biologics, respectively), and 19.6% of patients discontinued oral corticosteroid use during the 6 months after tofacitinib initiation. Overall, tofacitinib adherence, as determined by the mean proportion of days covered during the 6-month follow-up, was 0.7 (median 0.8). During the 6-month follow-up, 84.9% of patients continued tofacitinib. Conclusions Among patients with UC initiating tofacitinib, the majority had prior biologic use. Tofacitinib adherence was high, discontinuation was low and oral corticosteroid utilisation decreased irrespective of prior biologic use. Further research with longer follow-up and a larger sample size is required. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-022-02215-y.
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