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Saadah OI, AlAmeel T, Al Sarkhy A, Hasosah M, Al-Hussaini A, Almadi MA, Al-Bawardy B, Altuwaijri TA, AlEdreesi M, Bakkari SA, Alharbi OR, Azzam NA, Almutairdi A, Alenzi KA, Al-Omari BA, Almudaiheem HY, Al-Jedai AH, Mosli MH. Saudi consensus guidance for the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2024:00936815-990000000-00101. [PMID: 39215473 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_171_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children and adolescents is challenging. Clear evidence-based guidelines are required for this population. This article provides recommendations for managing IBD in Saudi children and adolescents aged 6-19 years, developed by the Saudi Ministry of Health in collaboration with the Saudi Society of Clinical Pharmacy and the Saudi Gastroenterology Association. All 57 guideline statements are based on the most up-to-date information for the diagnosis and management of pediatric IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar I Saadah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki AlAmeel
- Department of Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al Sarkhy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Pediatrics Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Hasosah
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology Unit, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Hussaini
- Children's Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid A Almadi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Al-Bawardy
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Talal A Altuwaijri
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed AlEdreesi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Pediatric Department, Al Habib Medical Group, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir A Bakkari
- Department of Gastroenterology, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman R Alharbi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla A Azzam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah Almutairdi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalidah A Alenzi
- Executive Management of Transformation, Planning, and Business Development, Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bedor A Al-Omari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed H Al-Jedai
- Deputyship of Therapeutic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud H Mosli
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Malham M, Vestergaard MV, Bataillon T, Villesen P, Dempfle A, Bang C, Engsbro AL, Jakobsen C, Franke A, Wewer V, Thingholm LB, Petersen AM. The Composition of the Fecal and Mucosa-adherent Microbiota Varies Based on Age and Disease Activity in Ulcerative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae179. [PMID: 39150994 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric-onset ulcerative colitis (pUC) represents a more aggressive disease phenotype compared with adult-onset UC. We hypothesized that this difference can, in part, be explained by the composition of the microbiota. METHODS In a prospective, longitudinal study, we included pediatric (N = 30) and adult (N = 30) patients with newly or previously (>1 year) diagnosed UC. We analyzed the microbiota composition in the mucosa-adherent microbiota at baseline, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the fecal microbiota at baseline and at 3-month intervals, using shotgun metagenomics. RESULTS For fecal samples, the bacterial composition differed between pUC and aUC in newly diagnosed patients (β-diversity, Bray Curtis: R2 = 0.08, P = .02). In colon biopsies, microbial diversity was higher in aUC compared with pUC (α-diversity, Shannon: estimated difference 0.54, P = .006). In the mucosa-adherent microbiota, Alistipes finegoldii was negatively associated with disease activity in pUC while being positively associated in aUC (estimate: -0.255 and 0.098, P = .003 and P = .02 in pUC and aUC, respectively). Finally, we showed reduced stability of the fecal microbiota in pediatric patients, evidenced by a different composition of the fecal microbiota in newly and previously diagnosed pUC, a pattern not found in adults. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that pediatric UC patients have a more unstable fecal microbiota and a lower α diversity than adult patients and that the microbiota composition differs between aUC and pUC patients. These findings offer some explanation for the observed differences between pUC and aUC and indicate that individualized approaches are needed if microbiota modifications are to be used in the future treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Malham
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents, and Adults, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Marie V Vestergaard
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, PREDICT, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bataillon
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Palle Villesen
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik und Statistik, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Line Engsbro
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Christian Jakobsen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents, and Adults, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Vibeke Wewer
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents, and Adults, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Louise B Thingholm
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas M Petersen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Hvidovre, Denmark
- Gastrounit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital-Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Meng Q, Ning J, Lu J, Zhang J, Zu M, Zhang J, Han X, Zheng H, Gong Y, Hao X, Xiong Y, Gu F, Han W, Fu W, Wang J, Ding S. Cmtm4 deficiency exacerbates colitis by inducing gut dysbiosis and S100a8/9 expression. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:811-823. [PMID: 38575111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The dysfunction of innate immunity components is one of the major drivers for ulcerative colitis (UC), and increasing reports indicate that the gut microbiome serves as an intermediate between genetic mutations and UC development. Here, we find that the IL-17 receptor subunit, CMTM4, is reduced in UC patients and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The deletion of CMTM4 (Cmtm4-/-) in mice leads to a higher susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis than in wild-type, and the gut microbiome significantly changes in composition. The causal role of the gut microbiome is confirmed with a cohousing experiment. We further identify that S100a8/9 is significantly up-regulated in Cmtm4-/- colitis, with the block of its receptor RAGE that reverses the phenotype associated with the CMTM4 deficiency. CMTM4 deficiency rather suppresses S100a8/9 expression in vitro via the IL17 pathway, further supporting that the elevation of S100a8/9 in vivo is most likely a result of microbial dysbiosis. Taken together, the results suggest that CMTM4 is involved in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, suppression of S100a8/9, and prevention of colitis development. Our study further shows CMTM4 as a crucial innate immunity component, confirming its important role in UC development and providing insights into potential targets for the development of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases (BZ0371), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases (BZ0371), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases (BZ0371), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming Zu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases (BZ0371), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases (BZ0371), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiurui Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases (BZ0371), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiling Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases (BZ0371), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yueqing Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases (BZ0371), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases (BZ0371), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases (BZ0371), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fang Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases (BZ0371), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenling Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases (BZ0371), Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Shigang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases (BZ0371), Beijing 100191, China.
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Käver L, Voelz C, Specht HE, Thelen AC, Keller L, Dahmen B, Andreani NA, Tenbrock K, Biemann R, Borucki K, Dempfle A, Baines JF, Beyer C, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Trinh S, Seitz J. Cytokine and Microbiome Changes in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa at Admission, Discharge, and One-Year Follow-Up. Nutrients 2024; 16:1596. [PMID: 38892530 PMCID: PMC11174589 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder that predominantly affects females and typically manifests during adolescence. There is increasing evidence that serum cytokine levels are altered in individuals with AN. Previous research has largely focused on adult patients, assuming a low-grade pro-inflammatory state. The serum levels of the cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-15, which are pro-inflammatory, were examined in 63 female adolescents with AN and 41 age-matched healthy controls (HC). We included three time points (admission, discharge, and 1-year follow-up) and investigated the clinical data to assess whether the gut microbiota was associated with cytokine alterations. Relative to the HC group, serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly lower during the acute phase (admission) of AN. IL-1β expression was normalised to control levels after weight recovery. TNF-α levels were not significantly different between the AN and HC groups. IL-15 levels were significantly elevated in patients with AN at all time points. We found associations between cytokines and bodyweight, illness duration, depressive symptoms, and the microbiome. In contrast to most findings for adults, we observed lower levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in adolescent patients, whereas the level of IL-15 was consistently increased. Thus, the presence of inflammatory dysregulation suggests a varied rather than uniform pro-inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Käver
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- West German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (WZKJ), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Clara Voelz
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- West German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (WZKJ), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannah E. Specht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna C. Thelen
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lara Keller
- West German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (WZKJ), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Brigitte Dahmen
- West German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (WZKJ), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadia Andrea Andreani
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- West German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (WZKJ), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Inselspital University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Paul-List-Straße 13/15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Brunswicker Str. 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - John F. Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- West German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (WZKJ), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Trinh
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- West German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (WZKJ), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- West German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (WZKJ), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Bravo Iniguez A, Du M, Zhu MJ. α-Ketoglutarate for Preventing and Managing Intestinal Epithelial Dysfunction. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100200. [PMID: 38438107 PMCID: PMC11016550 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelium lining the intestinal tract serves a multifaceted role. It plays a crucial role in nutrient absorption and immune regulation and also acts as a protective barrier, separating underlying tissues from the gut lumen content. Disruptions in the delicate balance of the gut epithelium trigger inflammatory responses, aggravate conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, and potentially lead to more severe complications such as colorectal cancer. Maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis is vital for overall health, and there is growing interest in identifying nutraceuticals that can strengthen the intestinal epithelium. α-Ketoglutarate, a metabolite of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, displays a variety of bioactive effects, including functioning as an antioxidant, a necessary cofactor for epigenetic modification, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. This article presents a comprehensive overview of studies investigating the potential of α-ketoglutarate supplementation in preventing dysfunction of the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
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6
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Wu K, Luo Q, Liu Y, Li A, Xia D, Sun X. Causal relationship between gut microbiota and gastrointestinal diseases: a mendelian randomization study. J Transl Med 2024; 22:92. [PMID: 38263233 PMCID: PMC10804519 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research increasingly highlights a strong correlation between gut microbiota and the risk of gastrointestinal diseases. However, whether this relationship is causal or merely coincidental remains uncertain. To address this, a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was undertaken to explore the connections between gut microbiota and prevalent gastrointestinal diseases. METHODS Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for gut microbiota, encompassing a diverse range of 211 taxa (131 genera, 35 families, 20 orders, 16 classes, and 9 phyla), were sourced from the comprehensive MiBioGen study. Genetic associations with 22 gastrointestinal diseases were gathered from the UK Biobank, FinnGen study, and various extensive GWAS studies. MR analysis was meticulously conducted to assess the causal relationship between genetically predicted gut microbiota and these gastrointestinal diseases. To validate the reliability of our findings, sensitivity analyses and tests for heterogeneity were systematically performed. RESULTS The MR analysis yielded significant evidence for 251 causal relationships between genetically predicted gut microbiota and the risk of gastrointestinal diseases. This included 98 associations with upper gastrointestinal diseases, 81 with lower gastrointestinal diseases, 54 with hepatobiliary diseases, and 18 with pancreatic diseases. Notably, these associations were particularly evident in taxa belonging to the genera Ruminococcus and Eubacterium. Further sensitivity analyses reinforced the robustness of these results. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate a potential genetic predisposition linking gut microbiota to gastrointestinal diseases. These insights pave the way for designing future clinical trials focusing on microbiome-related interventions, including the use of microbiome-dependent metabolites, to potentially treat or manage gastrointestinal diseases and their associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aoshuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Demeng Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaobin Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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7
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Wu R, Xiong R, Li Y, Chen J, Yan R. Gut microbiome, metabolome, host immunity associated with inflammatory bowel disease and intervention of fecal microbiota transplantation. J Autoimmun 2023; 141:103062. [PMID: 37246133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. The microbial communities play essential roles in host physiology, with profound effects on immune homeostasis, directly or via their metabolites and/or components. There are increasing clinical trials applying fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The restoration of dysbiotic gut microbiome is considered as one of the mechanisms of FMT therapy. In this work, latest advances in the alterations in gut microbiome and metabolome features in IBD patients and experimental mechanistic understanding on their contribution to the immune dysfunction were reviewed. Then, the therapeutic outcomes of FMT on IBD were summarized based on clinical remission, endoscopic remission and histological remission of 27 clinical trials retrieved from PubMed which have been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with the results been published in the past 10 years. Although FMT is established as an effective therapy for both subtypes of IBD, the promising outcomes are not always achieved. Among the 27 studies, only 11 studies performed gut microbiome profiling, 5 reported immune response alterations and 3 carried out metabolome analysis. Generally, FMT partially restored typical changes in IBD, resulted in increased α-diversity and species richness in responders and similar but less pronounced shifts of patient microbial and metabolomics profiles toward donor profiles. Measurements of immune responses to FMT mainly focused on T cells and revealed divergent effects on pro-/anti-inflammatory functions. The very limited information and the extremely confounding factors in the designs of the FMT trials significantly hindered a reasonable conclusion on the mechanistic involvement of gut microbiota and metabolites in clinical outcomes and an analysis of the inconsistencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Rui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Junru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.
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8
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Ke D, Zheng J, Liu X, Xu X, Zhao L, Gu Y, Yang R, Liu S, Yang S, Du J, Chen B, He G, Dong R. Occurrence of microplastics and disturbance of gut microbiota: a pilot study of preschool children in Xiamen, China. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104828. [PMID: 37837933 PMCID: PMC10585208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microplastics (MPs) have garnered widespread attention because of their presence in human placenta, stool, and even blood. Ingestion is considered the major route of human exposure to MPs. It has been found that the consumption of food and water is associated with more MP abundance in human stools. The usage of plastic containers, particularly feeding bottles, may be a major contributor to MP contamination. However, human exposure to MPs and potential factors that influence exposure, especially for preschoolers, remains largely unknown. When exposed to MPs, mice exhibited gut microbiota dysbiosis, including alterations in diversity indices, a decreased relative abundance of probiotics and an increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria. Such results have also been observed in human gut in vitro models, however, the actual association between MP exposure and human intestinal microbiota remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate MP concentrations in preschoolers' stools, explore possible dietary factors that influence preschooler exposure to MPs, and investigate their potential association with the gut microbiota. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Xiamen, China in October 2022. We investigated the feeding behaviours and dietary habits of preschool children. A total of 69 couples of stool samples were collected and analyzed for MPs test and gut microbiota analysis. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was used for quantifying 11 types of MPs. The gut microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. FINDINGS The results showed that only polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), and polyamide 6 (PA6) were detected in 85.5% stool samples, with concentrations of 317.4 (152.0, 491.9) μg/g dw, 299.0 (196.1, 619.9) μg/g dw, 206.2 (154.1, 240.3) μg/g dw, and 17.9 (13.4, 18.6) μg/g dw, respectively. The median estimated daily intake (EDI) for preschoolers was 425.9 (272.5, 762.3) μg/kg-bw/d. Dairy intake may influence MP concentration in preschoolers' stools, and the usage of feeding bottles may be a specific source of MP contamination. Moreover, higher PVC concentrations were observed in the stools when the children took more time to eat a meal. MP exposure was inversely associated with alpha indices and possibly affected certain probiotic taxa, such as Parabacteroides and Alistipes, in preschool children. INTERPRETATION Our data provided baseline evidence for MP exposure doses and potential dietary factors that may influence MP exposure in preschoolers. These findings supported the perspective that MP exposure might be associated with the disturbance of gut microbiota. Further studies focusing on sensitive populations with larger sample sizes are needed. FUNDING This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number: 82003412), the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (grant number: 20214Y0019), and the Project of Shanghai Municipal Financial Professional foundation (Food Safety Risk Assessment) (grant number: RA-2022-06).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Ke
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | | | - Xinyuan Liu
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Long Zhao
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yiying Gu
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ruoru Yang
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Shaojie Liu
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Shuyu Yang
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai 200023, China.
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai 200023, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Gengsheng He
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ruihua Dong
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Janetos TM, Zakaria N, Goldstein DA. The Microbiome and Uveitis: A Narrative Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1638-1647. [PMID: 37024044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiome is composed of hundreds of species and has recently been recognized as an important source of immune homeostasis. While dysbiosis, an altered microbiome from the normal core microbiome, has been associated with both intestinal and extraintestinal autoimmune disorders, including uveitis, causality has been difficult to establish. There are four proposed mechanisms of how the gut microbiome may influence the development of uveitis: molecular mimicry, imbalance of regulatory and effector T cells, increased intestinal permeability, and loss of intestinal metabolites. This review summarizes current literature on both animal and human studies that establish the link between dysbiosis and the development of uveitis, as well as provides evidence for the above mechanisms. Current studies provide valuable mechanistic insights as well as identify potential therapeutic targets. However, study limitations and the wide variability in the intestinal microbiome among populations and diseases make a specific targeted therapy difficult to establish. Further longitudinal clinical studies are required to identify any potential therapeutic that targets the intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Janetos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Nancy Zakaria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Arab Republic of Egypt
| | - Debra A Goldstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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10
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Widjaja F, Rietjens IMCM. From-Toilet-to-Freezer: A Review on Requirements for an Automatic Protocol to Collect and Store Human Fecal Samples for Research Purposes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2658. [PMID: 37893032 PMCID: PMC10603957 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition, viability and metabolic functionality of intestinal microbiota play an important role in human health and disease. Studies on intestinal microbiota are often based on fecal samples, because these can be sampled in a non-invasive way, although procedures for sampling, processing and storage vary. This review presents factors to consider when developing an automated protocol for sampling, processing and storing fecal samples: donor inclusion criteria, urine-feces separation in smart toilets, homogenization, aliquoting, usage or type of buffer to dissolve and store fecal material, temperature and time for processing and storage and quality control. The lack of standardization and low-throughput of state-of-the-art fecal collection procedures promote a more automated protocol. Based on this review, an automated protocol is proposed. Fecal samples should be collected and immediately processed under anaerobic conditions at either room temperature (RT) for a maximum of 4 h or at 4 °C for no more than 24 h. Upon homogenization, preferably in the absence of added solvent to allow addition of a buffer of choice at a later stage, aliquots obtained should be stored at either -20 °C for up to a few months or -80 °C for a longer period-up to 2 years. Protocols for quality control should characterize microbial composition and viability as well as metabolic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Widjaja
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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11
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Cheung KCP, Ma J, Loiola RA, Chen X, Jia W. Bile acid-activated receptors in innate and adaptive immunity: targeted drugs and biological agents. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250299. [PMID: 37172599 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid-activated receptors (BARs) such as a G-protein bile acid receptor 1 and the farnesol X receptor are activated by bile acids (BAs) and have been implicated in the regulation of microbiota-host immunity in the intestine. The mechanistic roles of these receptors in immune signaling suggest that they may also influence the development of metabolic disorders. In this perspective, we provide a summary of recent literature describing the main regulatory pathways and mechanisms of BARs and how they affect both innate and adaptive immune system, cell proliferation, and signaling in the context of inflammatory diseases. We also discuss new approaches for therapy and summarize clinical projects on BAs for the treatment of diseases. In parallel, some drugs that are classically used for other therapeutic purposes and BAR activity have recently been proposed as regulators of immune cells phenotype. Another strategy consists of using specific strains of gut bacteria to regulate BA production in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C P Cheung
- Hong Kong Phenome Research Center, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiao Ma
- Hong Kong Phenome Research Center, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Xingxuan Chen
- Hong Kong Phenome Research Center, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Hong Kong Phenome Research Center, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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12
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Markelova M, Senina A, Khusnutdinova D, Siniagina M, Kupriyanova E, Shakirova G, Odintsova A, Abdulkhakov R, Kolesnikova I, Shagaleeva O, Lyamina S, Abdulkhakov S, Zakharzhevskaya N, Grigoryeva T. Association between Taxonomic Composition of Gut Microbiota and Host Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Crohn's Disease Patients from Russia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097998. [PMID: 37175705 PMCID: PMC10178390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. Genetic predisposition and dysbiotic gut microbiota are important factors in the pathogenesis of CD. In this study, we analyzed the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota and genotypes of 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with the risk of CD. The studied cohorts included 96 CD patients and 24 healthy volunteers from Russia. Statistically significant differences were found in the allele frequencies for 8 SNPs and taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota in CD patients compared with controls. In addition, two types of gut microbiota communities were identified in CD patients. The main distinguishing driver of bacterial families for the first community type are Bacteroidaceae and unclassified members of the Clostridiales order, and the second type is characterized by increased abundance of Streptococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Differences in the allele frequencies of the rs9858542 (BSN), rs3816769 (STAT3), and rs1793004 (NELL1) were also found between groups of CD patients with different types of microbiota communities. These findings confirm the complex multifactorial nature of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markelova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Anastasia Senina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Dilyara Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Maria Siniagina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena Kupriyanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | | | | | - Rustam Abdulkhakov
- Hospital Therapy Department, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina Kolesnikova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Shagaleeva
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Lyamina
- Molecular Pathology of Digestion Laboratory, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sayar Abdulkhakov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Natalia Zakharzhevskaya
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Grigoryeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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Chen J, Xiao Y, Li D, Zhang S, Wu Y, Zhang Q, Bai W. New insights into the mechanisms of high-fat diet mediated gut microbiota in chronic diseases. IMETA 2023; 2:e69. [PMID: 38868334 PMCID: PMC10989969 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) has been recognized as a primary factor in the risk of chronic disease. Obesity, diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases have long been known as chronic diseases with high worldwide incidence. In this review, the influences of gut microbiota and their corresponding bacterial metabolites on the mechanisms of HFD-induced chronic diseases are systematically summarized. Gut microbiota imbalance is also known to increase susceptibility to diseases. Several studies have proven that HFD has a negative impact on gut microbiota, also exacerbating the course of many chronic diseases through increased populations of Erysipelotrichaceae, facultative anaerobic bacteria, and opportunistic pathogens. Since bile acids, lipopolysaccharide, short-chain fatty acids, and trimethylamine N-oxide have long been known as common features of bacterial metabolites, we will explore the possibility of synergistic mechanisms among those metabolites and gut microbiota in the context of HFD-induced chronic diseases. Recent literature concerning the mechanistic actions of HFD-mediated gut microbiota have been collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The aim of this review is to provide new insights into those mechanisms and to point out the potential biomarkers of HFD-mediated gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid DetectionJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation ResearchHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina
| | - Yuhang Xiao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid DetectionJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- JNU‐HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yingzi Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation ResearchHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid DetectionJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid DetectionJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
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14
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Yu S, Sun Y, Shao X, Zhou Y, Yu Y, Kuai X, Zhou C. Leaky Gut in IBD: Intestinal Barrier-Gut Microbiota Interaction. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:825-834. [PMID: 35791076 PMCID: PMC9628915 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2203.03022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global disease that is in increasing incidence. The gut, which contains the largest amount of lymphoid tissue in the human body, as well as a wide range of nervous system components, is integral in ensuring intestinal homeostasis and function. By interacting with gut microbiota, immune cells, and the enteric nervous system, the intestinal barrier, which is a solid barrier, protects the intestinal tract from the external environment, thereby maintaining homeostasis throughout the body. Destruction of the intestinal barrier is referred to as developing a "leaky gut," which causes a series of changes relating to the occurrence of IBD. Changes in the interactions between the intestinal barrier and gut microbiota are particularly crucial in the development of IBD. Exploring the leaky gut and its interaction with the gut microbiota, immune cells, and the neuroimmune system may help further explain the pathogenesis of IBD and provide potential therapeutic methods for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunying Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yibin Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Kuai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, Jiangsu, P.R. China,
X. Kuai Phone: +86-13776084279 E-mail:
| | - Chunli Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, Jiangsu, P.R. China,Corresponding authors C. Zhou Phone: +86-13962124345 E-mail:
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15
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Kates A, Keating J, Baubie K, Putman-Buehler N, Watson L, Godfrey J, Deblois CL, Suen G, Cook DB, Rabago D, Gangnon R, Safdar N. Examining the association between the gastrointestinal microbiota and Gulf War illness: A prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268479. [PMID: 35901037 PMCID: PMC9333223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) affects 25–35% of the 1991 Gulf War Veteran (GWV) population. Patients with GWI experience pain, fatigue, cognitive impairments, gastrointestinal dysfunction, skin disorders, and respiratory issues. In longitudinal studies, many patients with GWI have shown little to no improvement in symptoms since diagnosis. The gut microbiome and diet play an important role in human health and disease, and preliminary studies suggest it may play a role in GWI. To examine the relationship between the gut microbiota, diet, and GWI, we conducted an eight-week prospective cohort study collecting stool samples, medications, health history, and dietary data. Sixty-nine participants were enrolled into the study, 36 of which met the case definition for GWI. The gut microbiota of participants, determined by 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples, was stable over the duration of the study and showed no within person (alpha diversity) differences. Between group analyses (beta diversity) identified statistically significant different between those with and without GWI. Several taxonomic lineages were identified as differentially abundant between those with and without GWI (n = 9) including a greater abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in those without GWI. Additionally, there were taxonomic differences between those with high and low healthy eating index (HEI) scores including a greater abundance of Ruminococcaceae in those with higher HEI scores. This longitudinal cohort study of GWVs found that participants with GWI had significantly different microbiomes from those without GWI. Further studies are needed to determine the role these differences may play in the development and treatment of GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Kates
- Research, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Julie Keating
- Research, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Baubie
- Research, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nathan Putman-Buehler
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Lauren Watson
- SSM Health, St. Mary’s Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jared Godfrey
- Research, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Courtney L. Deblois
- Research, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Bacteriology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Garret Suen
- Department of Bacteriology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dane B. Cook
- Research, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David Rabago
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ronald Gangnon
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nasia Safdar
- Research, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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16
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Targeted Analysis of the Gut Microbiome for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment Individualization in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071273. [PMID: 35888992 PMCID: PMC9319120 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the fecal microbiota in pediatric patients <18 years of age with treatment-naïve IBD (80 Crohn’s disease (CD), 27 ulcerative colitis (UC)), in 50 non-IBD patients with gastrointestinal symptoms without inflammation and in 75 healthy children. Using a targeted qPCR approach, the quantities of more than 100 different bacterial species were measured. Results: The bacterial abundance was statistically significantly reduced in the IBD and non-IBD patients compared to the healthy children for several beneficial species. The CD patients had a lower abundance of Bifidobacterium species compared to the UC patients, and the IBD patients in need of biologic therapy had a lower abundance of butyrate producing bacteria. Based on the abundance of bacterial species at diagnosis, we constructed Diagnostic, Phenotype and Prognostic Indexes. Patients with a high Diagnostic Index had 2.5 times higher odds for having IBD than those with a lower index. The CD patients had a higher Phenotype Index than the UC patients. Patients with a high Prognostic Index had 2.1 higher odds for needing biologic therapy compared to those with a lower index. Conclusions: The fecal abundance of bacterial species can aid in diagnosing IBD, in distinguishing CD from UC and in identifying children with IBD in need of biologic therapy.
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Dong F, Xiao F, Li X, Li Y, Wang X, Yu G, Zhang T, Wang Y. Pediococcus pentosaceus CECT 8330 protects DSS-induced colitis and regulates the intestinal microbiota and immune responses in mice. J Transl Med 2022; 20:33. [PMID: 35033121 PMCID: PMC8761308 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compelling evidences demonstrated that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Therapies for targeting the microbiota may provide alternative options for the treatment of IBD, such as probiotics. Here, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of a probiotic strain, Pediococcus pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus) CECT 8330, on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were administered phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or P. pentosaceus CECT 8330 (5 × 108 CFU/day) once daily by gavage for 5 days prior to or 2 days after colitis induction by DSS. Weight, fecal conditions, colon length and histopathological changes were examined. ELISA and flow cytometry were applied to determine the cytokines and regulatory T cells (Treg) ratio. Western blot was used to examine the tight junction proteins (TJP) in colonic tissues. Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels and microbiota composition were analyzed by targeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Cluster of orthologous groups of proteins (COG) pathway analysis were used to predict the microbial functional profiles. Results P. pentosaceus CECT 8330 treatment protected DSS-induced colitis in mice as evidenced by reducing the weight loss, disease activity index (DAI) score, histological damage, and colon length shortening. P. pentosaceus CECT 8330 decreased the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and increased level of IL-10 in DSS treated mice. P. pentosaceus CECT 8330 upregulated the expression of ZO-1, Occludin and the ratio of Treg cells in colon tissue. P. pentosaceus CECT 8330 increased the fecal SCFAs level and relative abundances of several protective bacteria genera, including norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Dubosiella. Furthermore, the increased abundances of bacteria genera were positively correlated with IL-10 and SCFAs levels, and negatively associated with IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, respectively. The KEGG and COG pathway analysis revealed that P. pentosaceus CECT 8330 could partially recover the metabolic pathways altered by DSS. Conclusions P. pentosaceus CECT 8330 administration protects the DSS-induced colitis and modulates the gut microbial composition and function, immunological profiles, and the gut barrier function. Therefore, P. pentosaceus CECT 8330 may serve as a promising probiotic to ameliorate intestinal inflammation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03235-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Fangfei Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Youran Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xufei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Guangjun Yu
- Institue of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, China. .,Institue of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Yizhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, China. .,Institue of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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18
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Wang Y, Gao X, Zhang X, Xiao F, Hu H, Li X, Dong F, Sun M, Xiao Y, Ge T, Li D, Yu G, Liu Z, Zhang T. Microbial and metabolic features associated with outcome of infliximab therapy in pediatric Crohn's disease. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-18. [PMID: 33430702 PMCID: PMC7808429 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1865708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial dysbiosis and altered metabonomics have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of our study was to characterize the gut microbiome structure and metabolic activities in pediatric CD patients with different clinical outcomes after infliximab (IFX) therapy. Fecal samples were collected from 20 healthy children and 29 newly diagnosed pediatric CD patients. 16S rRNA/ITS2 gene sequencing and targeted metabolomics analysis were applied to profile the gut bacterial microbiome, mycobiome, and metabolome, respectively. Pediatric CD patients exhibited lower relative abundances of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria including Faecalibacterium, Clostridium clusters IV and XIVb, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus, which were correlated with reduced fecal levels of SCFAs. Decreased unconjugated bile acids (BAs) pool size and a lower unconjugated/conjugated BAs ratio were associated with reduced relative abundances of Bifidobacterium and Clostridium clusters IV and XIVb which contain bile salt hydrolases (BSH) genes. IFX treatment enriched the BSH-producing bacteria in CD subjects, which may explain a decreased level of conjugated BAs and an increase in unconjugated BAs as well as the unconjugated/conjugated BAs ratio. Furthermore, a sustained response (SR) of IFX therapy was associated with higher abundances of Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus, and higher fecal concentrations of amino acids, including L-aspartic acid, linoleic acid, and L-lactic acid at baseline. Our study suggests that the effects of IFX might be partially mediated by enriching bacteria taxa that producing SCFAs and BSH thereby inhibiting inflammation and restoring the BA metabolism. Some fecal bacteria and metabolites may be predictive of outcomes of IFX therapy for pediatric CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Institue of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,CONTACT Yizhong Wang
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Hematology-Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfei Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangjun Yu
- Institue of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China,Zhanju Liu
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Institue of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Ting Zhang Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200062, China
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19
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Specht HE, Mannig N, Belheouane M, Andreani NA, Tenbrock K, Biemann R, Borucki K, Dahmen B, Dempfle A, Baines JF, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Seitz J. Lower serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and their association with gut microbiota in a longitudinal study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:920665. [PMID: 36061277 PMCID: PMC9433656 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.920665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an often chronic and debilitating psychiatric disease whose etiology is not completely understood. Recently, a potential role of inflammation has emerged in other psychiatric diseases, such as depression, PTSD and schizophrenia. The first results in adults with AN seemed to confirm a low-grade proinflammatory state until recent studies presented more differential findings. Studying adolescents with a shorter illness duration and fewer confounding factors might help elucidate the role of inflammation in the underlying pathophysiology of AN; however, the few available studies in adolescents remain ambiguous, and no longitudinal data are available in this age range. METHODS We examined the proinflammatory cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-15, and the cytokine-receptor IL-6 Receptor alpha (IL-6 Rα) in the serum of twenty-two hospitalized female adolescent patients with AN longitudinally at admission and discharge and compared their results to nineteen healthy controls (HC). We also collected clinical data and stool samples that were analyzed with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to explore potential influencing factors of cytokine changes. RESULTS TNF-α serum levels were significantly elevated in patients with AN at admission, while IL-1β and IL-6 levels were lower at admission and discharge than in HC. After treatment, we also found significantly elevated levels of IL-6 Rα compared to HC, while IL-15 did not show significant changes. Exploratory analyses revealed positive associations of cytokine and genus-level changes between admission and discharge for IL-1β (Bacteroides) and IL-15 (Romboutsia), and negative associations for IL-15 (Anaerostipes) and TNF-α (uncultured Lachnospiraceae). CONCLUSION We confirmed a previous finding of elevated levels of TNF-α also in adolescents with AN; however, the reduced IL-1β and IL-6 levels differed from the mostly increased levels found in adults. A mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory state appears to be present in adolescents, potentially due to their shorter illness duration. The gut microbiota, with its regulatory function on cytokine production, might play a role in mediating these inflammatory processes in AN and could offer targets for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Specht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Mannig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Meriem Belheouane
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nadia Andrea Andreani
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, IZKF Aachen, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Dahmen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - John F Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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20
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Zeng Z, Xie Z, Chen G, Sun Y, Zeng X, Liu Z. Anti-inflammatory and gut microbiota modulatory effects of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea on colitis in mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium. Food Funct 2021; 13:649-663. [PMID: 34932051 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02702f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of crude Fuzhuan brick tea polysaccharides (CFBTPS) and their purified fraction (FBTPS-3) on colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice were investigated. Both CFBTPS and FBTPS-3 exhibited intestinal anti-inflammatory activities, including restoring body weight, colon length and solid fecal weight, and decreasing the disease activity index score in mice. Moreover, the expression of lipocalin-2 in colitis could be significantly reduced. The inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharides in the serum and the expression of inflammation-related mRNA in the colon tissue were decreased. Both CFBTPS and FBTPS-3 could increase tight junction proteins (Occludin, Claudin-1 and ZO-1), promoting the intestinal barrier function. For gut microbiota, DSS treatment resulted in abnormal proliferation of Bifidobacteria, while FBTPS-3 could restore this disorder to a certain extent. In addition, FBPTS-3 promoted the growth of probiotics such as Bacteroides, Parasutterella and Collinsella. Both CFBTPS and FBTPS-3 could attenuate colitis; what's more, FBTPS-3 exhibited a better anti-inflammatory effect than CFBTPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China
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21
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Luo S, Zhu H, Zhang J, Wan D. The Pivotal Role of Microbiota in Modulating the Neuronal-Glial-Epithelial Unit. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:5613-5628. [PMID: 34992388 PMCID: PMC8711043 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s342782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) consists of enteric neurons and enteric glial cells (EGCs) and controls the function of the epithelial barrier. Thus, a novel concept of neuronal-glial-epithelial unit in the gut was put forward by analogy with neuronal-glial-endothelial unit in the brain. The environment in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is complex as it harbours millions of bacteria, which extensively attach with intestinal epithelium. The cross-talk between the neuronal-glial-endothelial unit and microbiota plays a pivotal role in modulating the epithelial barrier's permeability, intestinal development and immune response. And evidence shows dysbiosis is the potent risk factor in the pathologic process of Parkinson's disease (PD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this review, we summarize the compelling results in favor of microbiota serving as the key modulator in the neuronal-glial-epithelial unit development and function, with profound effects on intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Luo
- Department of Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huifeng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Wan
- Department of Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Layunta E, Buey B, Mesonero JE, Latorre E. Crosstalk Between Intestinal Serotonergic System and Pattern Recognition Receptors on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:748254. [PMID: 34819919 PMCID: PMC8607755 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.748254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the microbiota-gut-brain axis results in a wide range of pathologies that are affected, from the brain to the intestine. Gut hormones released by enteroendocrine cells to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are important signaling molecules within this axis. In the search for the language that allows microbiota to communicate with the gut and the brain, serotonin seems to be the most important mediator. In recent years, serotonin has emerged as a key neurotransmitter in the gut-brain axis because it largely contributes to both GI and brain physiology. In addition, intestinal microbiota are crucial in serotonin signaling, which gives more relevance to the role of the serotonin as an important mediator in microbiota-host interactions. Despite the numerous investigations focused on the gut-brain axis and the pathologies associated, little is known regarding how serotonin can mediate in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In this review, we will mainly discuss serotonergic system modulation by microbiota as a pathway of communication between intestinal microbes and the body on the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and we explore novel therapeutic approaches for GI diseases and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Layunta
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Berta Buey
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose Emilio Mesonero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza–CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva Latorre
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza–CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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23
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Fitzgerald RS, Sanderson IR, Claesson MJ. Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease and its Relationship with the Microbiome. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 82:833-844. [PMID: 33666710 PMCID: PMC8551107 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the digestive tract, comprising of Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and, where classification is undetermined, inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBDU). Paediatric IBD incidence is increasing globally, with prevalence highest in the developed world. Though no specific causative agent has been identified for paediatric IBD, it is believed that a number of factors may contribute to the development of the disease, including genetics and the environment. Another potential component in the development of IBD is the microbiota in the digestive tract, particularly the gut. While the exact role that the microbiome plays in IBD is unclear, many studies acknowledge the complex relationship between the gut bacteria and pathogenesis of IBD. In this review, we look at the increasing number of studies investigating the role the microbiome and other biomes play in paediatric patients with IBD, particularly changes associated with IBD, varying disease states, and therapeutics. The paediatric IBD microbiome is significantly different to that of healthy children, with decreased diversity and differences in bacterial composition (such as a decrease in Firmicutes). Changes in the microbiome relating to various treatments of IBD and disease severity have also been observed in multiple studies. Changes in diversity and composition may also extend to other biomes in paediatric IBD, such as the virome and the mycobiome. Research into biome differences in IBD paediatric patients may help progress our understanding of the aetiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Fitzgerald
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ian R Sanderson
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Marcus J Claesson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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24
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Gut microbiota-mediated secondary bile acids regulate dendritic cells to attenuate autoimmune uveitis through TGR5 signaling. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109726. [PMID: 34551302 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota-mediated secondary bile acids (BAs) play an important role in energy balance and host metabolism via G protein-coupled receptors and/or nuclear receptors. Emerging evidence suggests that BAs are important for maintaining innate immune responses via these receptors. However, the effect of BAs on autoimmune uveitis is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate decreased microbiota-related secondary BA concentration in feces and serum of animals with experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Restoration of the gut BAs pool attenuates severity of EAU in association with inhibition of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-related pro-inflammatory cytokines in dendritic cells (DCs). TGR5 deficiency partially reverses the inhibitory effect of deoxycholic acid (DCA) on DCs. TGR5 signaling also inhibits NF-κB activation via the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway in DCs. Additionally, both DCA and TGR5 agonists inhibit human monocyte-derived DC activation. Taken together, our results suggest that BA metabolism plays an important role in adaptive immune responses and might be a therapeutic target in autoimmune uveitis.
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25
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He XX, Li YH, Yan PG, Meng XC, Chen CY, Li KM, Li JN. Relationship between clinical features and intestinal microbiota in Chinese patients with ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4722-4737. [PMID: 34366632 PMCID: PMC8326252 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i28.4722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysbacteriosis may be a crucial environmental factor for ulcerative colitis (UC). Further study is required on microbiota alterations in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with UC for better clinical management and treatment.
AIM To analyze the relationship between different clinical features and the intestinal microbiota, including bacteria and fungi, in Chinese patients with UC.
METHODS Eligible inpatients were enrolled from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019, and stool and mucosa samples were collected. UC was diagnosed by endoscopy, pathology, Mayo Score, and Montreal classification. Gene amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer gene was used to detect the intestinal microbiota composition. Alpha diversity, principal component analysis, similarity analysis, and Metastats analysis were employed to evaluate differences among groups.
RESULTS A total of 89 patients with UC and 33 non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) controls were enrolled. For bacterial analysis, 72 stool and 48 mucosa samples were obtained from patients with UC and 21 stool and 12 mucosa samples were obtained from the controls. For fungal analysis, stool samples were obtained from 43 patients with UC and 15 controls. A significant difference existed between the fecal and mucosal bacteria of patients with UC. The α-diversity of intestinal bacteria and the relative abundance of some families, such as Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, decreased with the increasing severity of bowel inflammation, while Escherichia-Shigella showed the opposite trend. More intermicrobial correlations in UC in remission than in active patients were observed. The bacteria-fungi correlations became single and uneven in patients with UC.
CONCLUSION The intestinal bacteria flora of patients with UC differs significantly in terms of various sample types and disease activities. The intermicrobial correlations change in patients with UC compared with non-IBD controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Xia He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ying-He Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Peng-Guang Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiang-Chen Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chu-Yan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ke-Min Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jing-Nan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
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26
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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Ulcerative Colitis: The Optimum Timing and Gut Microbiota as Predictors for Long-Term Clinical Outcomes. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 11:e00224. [PMID: 32955197 PMCID: PMC7431231 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The previous researches aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for ulcerative colitis (UC) in a short-term observation. The present study aimed to explore the optimum timing of FMT for maintaining the long-term clinical benefits and to target the gut microbiota that may help to predict the long-term success or failure of FMT in UC. METHODS: Two hundred two patients with UC were recruited from November 2012 to September 2018. The primary endpoint of this study was the maintaining time of the first and second courses of FMT. Relapse was defined as partial Mayo score ≥2 after achieving clinical remission and an increase of partial Mayo score ≥1 after achieving clinical response. The stool samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS: The median maintaining time of the efficacy was 120 days (IQR, 45–180) and 182.5 days (IQR, 105–311.25) from the first course and second course of FMT, respectively. No FMT-related serious adverse events were observed. The differences of the relative abundance in Eggerthella, Lactobacillus, and Ruminococcus between pre-FMT and 5 days post-FMT were remarkably correlated with the long-term clinical remission (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION: This study demonstrated that patients with UC should undergo the second course of FMT within 4 months after the first course of FMT for maintaining the long-term clinical benefits. The short-term alterations of microbiota after FMT may be conducive to predicting the long-term efficacy of FMT in UC (see Visual Abstract, Supplementary Digital Content, http://links.lww.com/CTG/A363).
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27
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Schulz N, Belheouane M, Dahmen B, Ruan VA, Specht HE, Dempfle A, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Baines JF, Seitz J. Gut microbiota alteration in adolescent anorexia nervosa does not normalize with short-term weight restoration. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:969-980. [PMID: 33314258 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gut microbiota are linked to metabolic function, body weight regulation, and brain and behavioral changes. Alteration of gut microbiota is repeatedly demonstrated in adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) and transplantation of stool from adult patients with AN reduces weight gain, food consumption and food efficiency in germ-free mice. No similar data are available for adolescents, who might differ from adults due to their shorter duration of illness. METHOD Nineteen female adolescent patients with AN at admission and after short-term weight recovery were included in a longitudinal study and compared to 20 healthy controls (HC). DNA was extracted from stool samples and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis. Group comparisons, indicator genera and simper analysis were applied. Taxon abundances at admission was used to predict inpatient treatment duration. RESULTS Alpha diversity is increased in patients with AN after short-term weight recovery, while beta diversity shows clear group differences with HC before and after weight gain. A reduction in Romboutsia and taxa belonging to Enterobacteriaceae at both timepoints and an increase in taxa belonging to Lachnospiraceae at discharge are most indicative of patients. Lachnospiraceae abundance at admission helped to predict shorter inpatient treatment duration. DISCUSSION This pilot study provides first evidence of gut microbiota alterations in adolescent patients with AN that do not normalize with weight gain. If verified in larger studies, the predictive power of taxa belonging to Lachnospiraceae for clinical outcome could complement known predictors at admission, inform clinicians and serve as a target for nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schulz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Meriem Belheouane
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University and Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Brigitte Dahmen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vanessa A Ruan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah E Specht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - John F Baines
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University and Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Lupo GFD, Rocchetti G, Lucini L, Lorusso L, Manara E, Bertelli M, Puglisi E, Capelli E. Potential role of microbiome in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelits (CFS/ME). Sci Rep 2021; 11:7043. [PMID: 33782445 PMCID: PMC8007739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a severe multisystemic disease characterized by immunological abnormalities and dysfunction of energy metabolism. Recent evidences suggest strong correlations between dysbiosis and pathological condition. The present research explored the composition of the intestinal and oral microbiota in CFS/ME patients as compared to healthy controls. The fecal metabolomic profile of a subgroup of CFS/ME patients was also compared with the one of healthy controls. The fecal and salivary bacterial composition in CFS/ME patients was investigated by Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The metabolomic analysis was performed by an UHPLC-MS. The fecal microbiota of CFS/ME patients showed a reduction of Lachnospiraceae, particularly Anaerostipes, and an increased abundance of genera Bacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium compared to the non-CFS/ME groups. The oral microbiota of CFS/ME patients showed an increase of Rothia dentocariosa. The fecal metabolomic profile of CFS/ME patients revealed high levels of glutamic acid and argininosuccinic acid, together with a decrease of alpha-tocopherol. Our results reveal microbial signatures of dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota of CFS/ME patients. Further studies are needed to better understand if the microbial composition changes are cause or consequence of the onset of CFS/ME and if they are related to any of the several secondary symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Francesco Damiano Lupo
- Department for Sustainable Food Process-DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
- Laboratory of Immunology and Genetic Analysis, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Centre for Health Technologies, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process-DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process-DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lorusso
- ASST Lecco, UOC Neurology and Stroke Unit, Merate, LC, Italy
| | - Elena Manara
- MAGI Euregio, Via Maso della Pieve, 60/A, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI Euregio, Via Maso della Pieve, 60/A, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Edoardo Puglisi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process-DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Enrica Capelli
- Laboratory of Immunology and Genetic Analysis, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Dietary restrictions modulate the gut microbiota: Implications for health and disease. Nutr Res 2021; 89:10-22. [PMID: 33878569 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The health benefits of carefully restricting the energy intake in a strategic manner whilst avoiding malnutrition are widely discussed. In the recent years, the great impact of the gut microbiota on its host has been clarified more and more. Since the gut microbiota produces a number of metabolites and molecules that can affect host metabolism, modulating it with dietary restriction can influence the health and the progression of disease of its host on various levels. This review comprises 15 studies investigating the effect of different variants of fasting and caloric restriction on the gastrointestinal microbiome and its metabolites. The data suggest that changing the gut microbiota composition by dietary restriction has the potential to positively influence the progression of several diseases such as obesity, diabetes, neurological diseases or inflammatory bowel disease. Finally, the relevance of the findings for clinical practice is evaluated and approaches for future research are proposed.
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30
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Franzin M, Stefančič K, Lucafò M, Decorti G, Stocco G. Microbiota and Drug Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pathogens 2021; 10:211. [PMID: 33669168 PMCID: PMC7919657 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A mutualistic relationship between the composition, function and activity of the gut microbiota (GM) and the host exists, and the alteration of GM, sometimes referred as dysbiosis, is involved in various immune-mediated diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Accumulating evidence suggests that the GM is able to influence the efficacy of the pharmacological therapy of IBD and to predict whether individuals will respond to treatment. Additionally, the drugs used to treat IBD can modualate the microbial composition. The review aims to investigate the impact of the GM on the pharmacological therapy of IBD and vice versa. The GM resulted in an increase or decrease in therapeutic responses to treatment, but also to biotransform drugs to toxic metabolites. In particular, the baseline GM composition can help to predict if patients will respond to the IBD treatment with biologic drugs. On the other hand, drugs can affect the GM by incrementing or reducing its diversity and richness. Therefore, the relationship between the GM and drugs used in the treatment of IBD can be either beneficial or disadvantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Franzin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Katja Stefančič
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (K.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Marianna Lucafò
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Giuliana Decorti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Stocco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (K.S.); (G.S.)
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31
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Gut Microbiota-Host Interactions in Inborn Errors of Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031416. [PMID: 33572538 PMCID: PMC7866830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a group of disorders that are mostly caused by genetic mutations affecting immune host defense and immune regulation. Although IEI present with a wide spectrum of clinical features, in about one third of them various degrees of gastrointestinal (GI) involvement have been described and for some IEI the GI manifestations represent the main and peculiar clinical feature. The microbiome plays critical roles in the education and function of the host's innate and adaptive immune system, and imbalances in microbiota-immunity interactions can contribute to intestinal pathogenesis. Microbial dysbiosis combined to the impairment of immunosurveillance and immune dysfunction in IEI, may favor mucosal permeability and lead to inflammation. Here we review how immune homeostasis between commensals and the host is established in the gut, and how these mechanisms can be disrupted in the context of primary immunodeficiencies. Additionally, we highlight key aspects of the first studies on gut microbiome in patients affected by IEI and discuss how gut microbiome could be harnessed as a therapeutic approach in these diseases.
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32
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Zhang X, Tong Y, Lyu X, Wang J, Wang Y, Yang R. Prevention and Alleviation of Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice With Bacillus subtilis-Fermented Milk via Inhibition of the Inflammatory Responses and Regulation of the Intestinal Flora. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:622354. [PMID: 33519783 PMCID: PMC7845695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.622354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) might be related to the local inflammatory damage and the dysbacteriosis of intestinal flora. Probiotics can regulate the intestinal flora and ameliorate IBD. The probiotic Bacillus subtilis strain B. subtilis JNFE0126 was used as the starter of fermented milk. However, the therapeutic effects of B. subtilis-fermented milk on IBD remain to be explored. In this research, the therapeutic effect of B. subtilis-fermented milk on dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced IBD mouse model was evaluated. Besides, the expression of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines, the proliferation of the intestinal stem cells, and the reconstruction of the mucosa barrier were investigated. Finally, alteration of the gut microbiota was investigated by taxonomic analysis. As shown by the results, the disease activity index (DAI) of IBD was significantly decreased through oral administration of B. subtilis (JNFE0126)-fermented milk, and intestinal mucosa injury was attenuated. Moreover, B. subtilis could reduce the inflammatory response of the intestinal mucosa, induce proliferation of the intestinal stem cell, and promote reconstruction of the mucosal barrier. Furthermore, B. subtilis could rebalance the intestinal flora, increasing the abundance of Bacillus, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus while decreasing the abundance of Escherichia and Bacteroides. In conclusion, oral administration of the B. subtilis-fermented milk could alleviate DSS-induced IBD via inhibition of inflammatory response, promotion of the mucosal barrier reconstruction, and regulation of the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanjun Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaomei Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Zhuang X, Liu C, Zhan S, Tian Z, Li N, Mao R, Zeng Z, Chen M. Gut Microbiota Profile in Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:626232. [PMID: 33604319 PMCID: PMC7884334 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.626232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Accumulating evidence have implicated gut microbiota alterations in pediatric and adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the results of different studies are often inconsistent and even contradictory. It is believed that early changes in new-onset and treatment-naïve pediatric patients are more informative. We performed a systematic review to investigate the gut microbiota profiles in pediatric IBD and identify specific microbiota biomarkers associated with this disorder. Methods: Electronic databases were searched from inception to 31 July 2020 for studies that observed gut microbiota alterations in pediatric patients with IBD. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: A total of 41 original studies investigating gut microbiota profiles in pediatric patients with IBD were included in this review. Several studies have reported a decrease in α-diversity and an overall difference in β-diversity. Although no specific gut microbiota alterations were consistently reported, a gain in Enterococcus and a significant decrease in Anaerostipes, Blautia, Coprococcus, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, and Lachnospira were found in the majority of the included articles. Moreover, there is insufficient data to show specific microbiota bacteria associated with disease activity, location, and behavior in pediatric IBD. Conclusions: This systematic review identified evidence for differences in the abundance of some bacteria in pediatric patients with IBD when compared to patients without IBD; however, no clear overall conclusion could be drawn from the included studies due to inconsistent results and heterogeneous methodologies. Further studies with large samples that follow more rigorous and standardized methodologies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiguang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shukai Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyi Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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34
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Xu N, Bai X, Cao X, Yue W, Jiang W, Yu Z. Changes in intestinal microbiota and correlation with TLRs in ulcerative colitis in the coastal area of northern China. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104707. [PMID: 33352216 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the communities of fecal microbiota and the role of Toll-like receptors in patients with ulcerative colitis in the coastal area of northern China. METHODS Stool samples from 31 patients with ulcerative colitis and 12 healthy individuals were collected. The total bacterial genomic DNA was extracted, and the V3+V4 hypervariable region in the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). High-throughput sequencing analysis was performed on the Illumina Hiseq platform. The expression of TLR2, TLR4, Tollip, PPAR-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α in the colonic mucosa was measured by Western blots. RESULTS The diversity of the fecal microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis was significantly less than that in healthy control individuals (p < 0.05). The proportion of Bacteroidetes was significantly reduced (p < 0.01), whereas Proteobacteria was prevalent (p < 0.01) in patients with ulcerative colitis. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Anaerostipes was significantly increased (p < 0.05), whereas the proportion of Bacteroides, Lachnospira, Ruminococcus, Phascolarctobacterium, and Coprococcus was significantly decreased in patients with ulcerative colitis (p < 0.05). The diversity indexes of fecal microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis were negatively correlated with disease severity (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was positively correlated with disease severity, and the relative abundance of Phascolarctobacterium, Anaerostipes, Fusobacterium, Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, and Ochrobactrum were negatively correlated with disease severity. The expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 in the intestinal mucosa were positively correlated with the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Enterobacteriaceae, respectively (r = 0.481, p = 0.007; r = 0.455, p = 0.017). CONCLUSION There were significant changes in the diversity and composition of the fecal microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis compared to healthy individuals. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota and correlation with TLRs might play important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 264100, PR China
| | - Xuelian Bai
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 264100, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 264100, PR China
| | - Wenjing Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 264100, PR China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 264100, PR China
| | - Zhenhai Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 264100, PR China.
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35
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Mukherjee A, Lordan C, Ross RP, Cotter PD. Gut microbes from the phylogenetically diverse genus Eubacterium and their various contributions to gut health. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1802866. [PMID: 32835590 PMCID: PMC7524325 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1802866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades our understanding of the gut microbiota and its contribution to health and disease has been transformed. Among a new 'generation' of potentially beneficial microbes to have been recognized are members of the genus Eubacterium, who form a part of the core human gut microbiome. The genus consists of phylogenetically, and quite frequently phenotypically, diverse species, making Eubacterium a taxonomically unique and challenging genus. Several members of the genus produce butyrate, which plays a critical role in energy homeostasis, colonic motility, immunomodulation and suppression of inflammation in the gut. Eubacterium spp. also carry out bile acid and cholesterol transformations in the gut, thereby contributing to their homeostasis. Gut dysbiosis and a consequently modified representation of Eubacterium spp. in the gut, have been linked with various human disease states. This review provides an overview of Eubacterium species from a phylogenetic perspective, describes how they alter with diet and age and summarizes its association with the human gut and various health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Mukherjee
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Cathy Lordan
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Seitz J, Dahmen B, Keller L, Herpertz-Dahlmann B. Gut Feelings: How Microbiota Might Impact the Development and Course of Anorexia Nervosa. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3295. [PMID: 33126427 PMCID: PMC7693512 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) can probably be regarded as a "model" for studying the interaction of nutrition with the gut-brain axis, which has drawn increased attention from researchers and clinicians alike. The gut microbiota influences somatic effects, such as energy extraction from food and body weight gain, as well as appetite, gut permeability, inflammation and complex psychological behaviors, such as depression or anxiety, all of which play important roles in AN. As nutrition is one of the main factors that influence the gut microbiota, nutritional restriction and selective eating in AN are likely influencing factors; however, nutritional rehabilitation therapy is surprisingly understudied. Here, we review the general mechanisms of the interactions between nutrition, the gut microbiota and the host that may be relevant to AN, paying special attention to the gut-brain axis, and we present the first specific findings in patients with AN and corresponding animal models. In particular, nutritional interventions, including food selection, supplements, and pre-, pro- and synbiotics that have the potential to influence the gut microbiota, are important research targets to potentially support future AN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH University Hospital, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (B.D.); (L.K.); (B.H.-D.)
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TNF Receptor 1 Promotes Early-Life Immunity and Protects against Colitis in Mice. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108275. [PMID: 33086075 PMCID: PMC7682618 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutralization of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) represents a widely used therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the fact that many patients with IBD are non-responsive to anti-TNF therapies suggests the need for a better understanding of TNF signaling in IBD. Here, we show that co-deletion of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1, Tnfrsf1a) in the Il10-/- spontaneous colitis model exacerbates disease, resulting in very-early-onset inflammation after weaning. The disease can be interrupted by treatment with antibiotics. The single deletion of TNFR1 induces subclinical colonic epithelial dysfunction and mucosal immune abnormalities, including accumulation of neutrophils and depletion of B cells. During the pre-disease period (before weaning), both Tnfr1-/- and Il10-/-Tnfr1-/- animals exhibit impaired expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared with wild-type and Il10-/- controls, respectively. Collectively, these results demonstrate the net anti-inflammatory functions of TNF/TNFR1 signaling through the regulation of colonic immune homeostasis in early life.
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Nascimento RDPD, Machado APDF, Galvez J, Cazarin CBB, Maróstica Junior MR. Ulcerative colitis: Gut microbiota, immunopathogenesis and application of natural products in animal models. Life Sci 2020; 258:118129. [PMID: 32717271 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease with increasing incidence in the world, especially in developing countries. Although knowledge of its pathogenesis has progressed over the last years, some details require clarification. Studies have highlighted the role of microbial dysbiosis and immune dysfunction as essential factors that may initiate the typical high-grade inflammatory outcome. In order to better understand the immunopathophysiological aspects of UC, experimental murine models are valuable tools. Some of the most commonly used chemicals to induce colitis are trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, oxazolone and dextran sodium sulfate. These may also be used to investigate new ways of preventing or treating UC and therefore improving targeting in human studies. The use of functional foods or bioactive compounds from plants may constitute an innovative direction towards the future of alternative medicine. Considering the above, this review focused on updated information regarding the 1. gut microbiota and immunopathogenesis of UC; 2. the most utilized animal models of the disease and their relevance; and 3. experimental application of natural products, not yet tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de Paula do Nascimento
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Monteiro Lobato street, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula da Fonseca Machado
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Monteiro Lobato street, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Galvez
- Universidad de Granada (UGR), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Farmacología, 18071 Andaluzia, Granada, Spain.
| | - Cinthia Baú Betim Cazarin
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Monteiro Lobato street, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mario Roberto Maróstica Junior
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Monteiro Lobato street, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Effect of Gluten-Free Diet on Gut Microbiota Composition in Patients with Celiac Disease and Non-Celiac Gluten/Wheat Sensitivity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061832. [PMID: 32575561 PMCID: PMC7353361 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) and non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCG/WS) are the two most frequent conditions belonging to gluten-related disorders (GRDs). Both these diseases are triggered and worsened by gluten proteins ingestion, although other components, such as amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATI) and fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs), seem to be involved in the NCG/WS onset. Therefore, the only effective treatment to date is the long-life adherence to a strictly gluten-free diet. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the intestinal barrier, a dynamic system comprising various components, which regulate the delicate crosstalk between metabolic, motor, neuroendocrine and immunological functions. Among the elements characterizing the intestinal barrier, the microbiota plays a key role, modulating the gut integrity maintenance, the immune response and the inflammation process, linked to the CD and NCG/WS outbreak. This narrative review addresses the most recent findings on the gut microbiota modulation induced by the gluten-free diet (GFD) in healthy, CD and NCG/WS patients.
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40
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Ricciuto A, Sherman PM, Laxer RM. Gut microbiota in chronic inflammatory disorders: A focus on pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Immunol 2020; 215:108415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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41
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Iniguez AB, Zhu MJ. Hop bioactive compounds in prevention of nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1900-1913. [PMID: 32462886 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1767537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases (NR-NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes both negatively impact the quality of life of many individuals and generate a substantial burden on society, demonstrating a need for intervention. Phytochemicals are investigated as a potential approach for combating NR-NCDs, and those found in hops have gained increased attention in recent decades. Hops, the strobile of the plant Humulus lupulus, are grown primarily for the brewing industry as they confer taste and increased shelf-life. The bitter acids represent the main compounds of interest for improving beer quality. Additionally, bitter acids as well as the prenylated chalcone xanthohumol, exhibit a wide range of health beneficial properties. This review summarizes those beneficial effects of bitter acids and xanthohumol on NR-NCDs, including inflammatory and immune diseases, obesity and metabolic disorders, as well as cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Kriaa A, Jablaoui A, Mkaouar H, Akermi N, Maguin E, Rhimi M. Serine proteases at the cutting edge of IBD: Focus on gastrointestinal inflammation. FASEB J 2020; 34:7270-7282. [PMID: 32307770 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000031rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Serine proteases have been long recognized to coordinate many physiological processes and play key roles in regulating the inflammatory response. Accordingly, their dysregulation has been regularly associated with several inflammatory disorders and suggested as a central mechanism in the pathophysiology of digestive inflammation. So far, studies addressing the proteolytic homeostasis in the gut have mainly focused on host serine proteases as candidates of interest, while largely ignoring the potential contribution of their bacterial counterparts. The human gut microbiota comprises a complex ecosystem that contributes to host health and disease. Yet, our understanding of microbially produced serine proteases and investigation of whether they are causally linked to IBD is still in its infancy. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the emerging roles of host and bacterial serine proteases in digestive inflammation. We also discuss the application of available tools in the gut to monitor disease-related serine proteases. An exhaustive representation and understanding of such functional potential would help in closing existing gaps in mechanistic knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Kriaa
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Amin Jablaoui
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Héla Mkaouar
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nizar Akermi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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43
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Pittayanon R, Lau JT, Leontiadis GI, Tse F, Yuan Y, Surette M, Moayyedi P. Differences in Gut Microbiota in Patients With vs Without Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:930-946.e1. [PMID: 31812509 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.11.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Altering the intestinal microbiota has been proposed as a treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), but there are no established associations between specific microbes and IBD. We performed a systematic review to identify frequent associations. METHODS We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, through April 2, 2018 for studies that compared intestinal microbiota (from fecal or colonic or ileal tissue samples) among patients (adult or pediatric) with IBD vs healthy individuals (controls). The primary outcome was difference in specific taxa in fecal or intestinal tissue samples from patients with IBD vs controls. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale to assess the quality of studies included in the review. RESULTS We identified 2631 citations; 48 studies from 45 articles were included in the analysis. Most studies evaluated adults with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. All 3 studies of Christensenellaceae and Coriobacteriaceae and 6 of 11 studies of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii reported a decreased amount of those organisms compared with controls, whereas 2 studies each of Actinomyces, Veillonella, and Escherichia coli revealed an increased amount in patients with Crohn's disease. For patients with ulcerative colitis, Eubacterium rectale and Akkermansia were decreased in all 3 studies, whereas E coli was increased in 4 of 9 studies. The microbiota diversity was either decreased or not different in patients with IBD vs controls. Fewer than 50% of the studies stated comparable sexes and ages of cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS In a systematic review, we found evidence for differences in abundances of some bacteria in patients with IBD vs controls, but we cannot make conclusions due to inconsistent results and methods among studies. Further large-scale studies, with better methods of assessing microbe populations, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapat Pittayanon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jennifer T Lau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grigorios I Leontiadis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frances Tse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuhong Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Surette
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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The association between microbial community and ileal gene expression on intestinal wall thickness alterations in chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1847-1861. [PMID: 32241465 PMCID: PMC7587722 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic development of the animal intestine with a concurrent succession of microbiota and changes in microbial community and metabolite spectrum can exert far-reaching effects on host physiology. However, the precise mechanism of mutual response between microbiota and the gut is yet to be fully elucidated. Broilers with varying developmental degrees of intestinal wall thickness were selected, and they were divided into the thick group (H type) and the thin group (B type), using multiomics data integration analysis to reveal the fundamental regulatory mechanisms of gut–microbiota interplay. Our data showed, in broilers with similar body weight, the intestinal morphological parameters were improved in H type and the diversity of microbial communities is distinguishable from each other. The beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium breve was increased whereas avian endogenous retrovirus EAV-HP was decreased in the H type compared with the B type. Furthermore, microbial metabolic potentials were more active, especially the biosynthesis of folate was improved in the H type. Similarly, the consolidation of absorption, immunity, metabolism, and development was noticed in the thick group. Correlation analysis indicated that the expression levels of material transport and immunomodulatory-related genes were positively correlated with the relative abundance of several probiotics such as B. breve, Lactobacillus saerimneri, and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum. Our findings suggest that the chickens with well-developed ileal thickness own exclusive microbial composition and metabolic potential, which is closely related to small intestinal morphogenesis and homeostasis.
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45
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Differences in the intestinal microbiome of healthy children and patients with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18880. [PMID: 31827191 PMCID: PMC6906406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aetiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) seems to be strongly connected to changes in the enteral microbiome. The dysbiosis pattern seen in Crohn’s disease (CD) differs among published studies depending on patients’ age, disease phenotype and microbiome research methods. The aims was to investigate microbiome in treatment-naive paediatric patients to get an insight into its structure at the early stage of the disease in comparison to healthy. Stool samples were obtained from controls and newly diagnosed patients prior to any intervention. Microbiota was analysed by 16SrRNAnext-generation-sequencing (NGS). Differences in the within-sample phylotype richness and evenness (alpha diversity) were detected between controls and patients. Statistically significant dissimilarities between samples were present for all used metrics. We also found a significant increase in the abundance of OTUs of the Enterococcus genus and reduction in, among others, Bifidobacterium (B. adolescentis), Roseburia (R.faecis), Faecalibacterium (F. prausnitzii), Gemmiger (G. formicilis), Ruminococcus (R. bromii) and Veillonellaceae (Dialister). Moreover, differences in alpha and beta diversities in respect to calprotectin and PCDAI were observed: patients with calprotectin <100 µg/g and with PCDAI below 10 points vs those with calprotectin >100 µg/g and mild (10–27.7 points), moderate (27.5–40 points) or severe (>40 points) CD disease activity had higher richness and diversity of gut microbiota. The results of our study highlight reduced diversity and dysbiosis at the earliest stage of the disease. Microbial imbalance and low abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, including Bifidobacterium adolescentis, may suggest benefits of microbial modification therapy.
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Zhang L, Li YY, Tang X, Zhao X. Faecal microbial dysbiosis in children with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Scand J Immunol 2019; 91:e12805. [PMID: 31267543 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked primary immunodeficiency disease caused by a mutation in the WAS gene that encodes the WAS protein (WASp); up to 5-10% of these patients develop inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The mechanisms by which WASp deficiency causes IBD are unclear. Intestinal microbial dysbiosis and imbalances in host immune responses play important roles in the pathogenesis of polygenetic IBD; however, few studies have conducted detailed examination of the microbial alterations and their relationship with IBD in WAS. Here, we collected faecal samples from 19 children (all less than 2 years old) with WAS and samples from WASp-KO mice with IBD and subjected them to 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. We found that microbial community richness and structure in WAS children were different from those in controls; WAS children revealed reduced microbial community richness and diversity. Relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobiain in WAS children was significantly lower, while that of Proteobacteria was markedly higher. WASp-KO mice revealed a significantly decreased abundance of Firmicutes. Faecal microbial dysbiosis caused by WASp deficiency is similar to that observed for polygenetic IBD, suggesting that WASp may play crucial function in microbial homoeostasis and that microbial dysbiosis may contribute to IBD in WAS. These microbial alterations may be useful targets for monitoring and therapeutically managing intestinal inflammation in WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Ying Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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47
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Ingham AC, Kielsen K, Cilieborg MS, Lund O, Holmes S, Aarestrup FM, Müller KG, Pamp SJ. Specific gut microbiome members are associated with distinct immune markers in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:131. [PMID: 31519210 PMCID: PMC6744702 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence reveals the importance of the microbiome in health and disease and inseparable host-microbial dependencies. Host-microbe interactions are highly relevant in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), i.e., a replacement of the cellular components of the patients' immune system with that of a foreign donor. HSCT is employed as curative immunotherapy for a number of non-malignant and malignant hematologic conditions, including cancers such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The procedure can be accompanied by severe side effects such as infections, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD), and death. Here, we performed a longitudinal analysis of immunological markers, immune reconstitution and gut microbiota composition in relation to clinical outcomes in children undergoing HSCT. Such an analysis could reveal biomarkers, e.g., at the time point prior to HSCT, that in the future could be used to predict which patients are of high risk in relation to side effects and clinical outcomes and guide treatment strategies accordingly. RESULTS In two multivariate analyses (sparse partial least squares regression and canonical correspondence analysis), we identified three consistent clusters: (1) high concentrations of the antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) prior to the transplantation in patients with high abundances of Lactobacillaceae, who later developed moderate or severe aGvHD and exhibited high mortality. (2) Rapid reconstitution of NK and B cells in patients with high abundances of obligate anaerobes such as Ruminococcaceae, who developed no or mild aGvHD and exhibited low mortality. (3) High inflammation, indicated by high levels of C-reactive protein, in patients with high abundances of facultative anaerobic bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae. Furthermore, we observed that antibiotic treatment influenced the bacterial community state. CONCLUSIONS We identify multivariate associations between specific microbial taxa, host immune markers, immune cell reconstitution, and clinical outcomes in relation to HSCT. Our findings encourage further investigations into establishing longitudinal surveillance of the intestinal microbiome and relevant immune markers, such as hBD2, in HSCT patients. Profiling of the microbiome may prove useful as a prognostic tool that could help identify patients at risk of poor immune reconstitution and adverse outcomes, such as aGvHD and death, upon HSCT, providing actionable information in guiding precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cäcilia Ingham
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Kielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malene Skovsted Cilieborg
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ole Lund
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Frank M Aarestrup
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Klaus Gottlob Müller
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sünje Johanna Pamp
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Olekhnovich EI, Manolov AI, Samoilov AE, Prianichnikov NA, Malakhova MV, Tyakht AV, Pavlenko AV, Babenko VV, Larin AK, Kovarsky BA, Starikova EV, Glushchenko OE, Safina DD, Markelova MI, Boulygina EA, Khusnutdinova DR, Malanin SY, Abdulkhakov SR, Abdulkhakov RA, Grigoryeva TV, Kostryukova ES, Govorun VM, Ilina EN. Shifts in the Human Gut Microbiota Structure Caused by Quadruple Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1902. [PMID: 31507546 PMCID: PMC6718723 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome plays an important role both in health and disease. Use of antibiotics can alter gut microbiota composition, which can lead to various deleterious events. Here we report a whole genome sequencing metagenomic/genomic study of the intestinal microbiota changes caused by Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication therapy. Using approaches for metagenomic data analysis we revealed a statistically significant decrease in alpha-diversity and relative abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis due to HP eradication therapy, while the relative abundance of Enterococcus faecium increased. We have detected changes in general metagenome resistome profiles as well: after HP eradication therapy, the ermB, CFX group, and tetQ genes were overrepresented, while tetO and tetW genes were underrepresented. We have confirmed these results with genome-resolved metagenomic approaches. MAG (metagenome-assembled genomes) abundance profiles have changed dramatically after HP eradication therapy. Focusing on ermB gene conferring resistance to macrolides, which were included in the HP eradication therapy scheme, we have shown a connection between antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and some overrepresented MAGs. Moreover, some E. faecium strains isolated from stool samples obtained after HP eradication have manifested greater antibiotic resistance in vitro in comparison to other isolates, as well as the higher number of ARGs conferring resistance to macrolides and tetracyclines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii I. Olekhnovich
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander I. Manolov
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey E. Samoilov
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita A. Prianichnikov
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maja V. Malakhova
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Tyakht
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Pavlenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vlad V. Babenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey K. Larin
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris A. Kovarsky
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V. Starikova
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana E. Glushchenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Dilyara R. Khusnutdinova
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Sayar R. Abdulkhakov
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | | | - Elena S. Kostryukova
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim M. Govorun
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N. Ilina
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
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Szilagyi A. Relationship(s) between obesity and inflammatory bowel diseases: possible intertwined pathogenic mechanisms. Clin J Gastroenterol 2019; 13:139-152. [PMID: 31452062 PMCID: PMC7101293 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-019-01037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's and ulcerative colitis have increased in incidence and prevalence from the mid-eighteen to the late nineteen centuries. From then to the current twenty-first century there has been a more rapid expansion of these disease to areas previously experiencing low rates. This latter expansion coincides with the current obesity pandemic which also began toward the end of the last century. Although the two diseases have radically different frequencies, there are interesting links between them. Four areas link the diseases. On an epidemiological level, IBD tends to follow a north-south gradient raising the importance of vitamin D in protection. Obesity has very weak relationship with latitude, but both diseases follow adult lactase distributions colliding in this plane. Is it possible that obesity (a low vitamin D condition with questionable response to supplements) reduces effects in IBD? On a pathogenic level, pro-inflammatory processes mark both IBD and obesity. The similarity raises the question of whether obesity could facilitate the development of IBD. Features of the metabolic syndrome occur in both, with or without obesity in IBD. The fourth interaction between the two diseases is the apparent effect of obesity on the course of IBD. There are suggestions that obesity may reduce the efficacy of biologic agents. Yet there is some suggestion also that obesity may reduce the need for hospitalization and surgery. The apparent co-expansion of both obesity and IBD suggests similar environmental changes may be involved in the promotion of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Szilagyi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Medical School, 3755 Cote St Catherine Rd, Room E110, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
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Malham M, Lilje B, Houen G, Winther K, Andersen PS, Jakobsen C. The microbiome reflects diagnosis and predicts disease severity in paediatric onset inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2019; 54:969-975. [PMID: 31329473 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2019.1644368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: A microbiotic profile characterized by decreased abundance and richness has been described in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recently, sequencing the microbiome to the species level has become possible, which can improve our understanding of the gut to host interaction in IBD. We aimed to describe the microbiotic profile in paediatric IBD and compare it to disease phenotype and disease course. Methods: Faecal samples were collected from a cross-sectional cohort. The microbiome analysis was performed using 16S and 18S rRNA sequencing with the miSeq instrument. Inflammatory activity was assessed by faecal calprotectin. Data regarding medical treatment and surgery in the year after faecal sampling were collected from patient charts. Results: One hundred and forty-three (143) paediatric IBD patients and 34 healthy controls (HC) were included. We found a reduced richness in IBD patients compared to HCs (controls vs. ulcerative colitis (UC), p < .001 and controls vs. Crohn's disease (CD), p = .04)). Moreover, a high degree of intestinal inflammation and extensive disease extent was associated with reduced richness in UC (p = .02 and p = .04, respectively). Nine species were significantly associated with a healthy microbiome and three species were associated with IBD. Lastly, we found that the composition of the microbiome could distinguish between CD, UC and HCs. Conclusions: In this study, we found that the microbiome could discriminate between IBD phenotypes and predict which patients were at risk of surgery. In the future, this could be included as part of the diagnostic work-up in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Malham
- The Paediatric Department, Copenhagen University Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Berit Lilje
- The Department for Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Gunnar Houen
- The Department for Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Katrine Winther
- The Paediatric Department, Nordsjaellands Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Paal S Andersen
- The Department for Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Christian Jakobsen
- The Paediatric Department, Copenhagen University Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark.,The Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark
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