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Senanayake S, Uchil R, Sharma P, Parsonage W, Kularatna S. Mapping Kansas City cardiomyopathy, Seattle Angina, and minnesota living with heart failure to the MacNew-7D in patients with heart disease. Qual Life Res 2024; 33:2151-2163. [PMID: 38839680 PMCID: PMC11286692 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-024-03676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) are widely used non-preference-based instruments that measure health-related quality of life (QOL) in people with heart disease. However, currently it is not possible to estimate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for economic evaluation using these instruments as the summary scores produced are not preference-based. The MacNew-7D is a heart disease-specific preference-based instrument. This study provides different mapping algorithms for allocating utility scores to KCCQ, MLHFQ, and SAQ from MacNew-7D to calculate QALYs for economic evaluations. METHODS The study included 493 participants with heart failure or angina who completed the KCCQ, MLHFQ, SAQ, and MacNew-7D questionnaires. Regression techniques, namely, Gamma Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Bayesian GLM, Linear regression with stepwise selection and Random Forest were used to develop direct mapping algorithms. Cross-validation was employed due to the absence of an external validation dataset. The study followed the Mapping onto Preference-based measures reporting Standards checklist. RESULTS The best models to predict MacNew-7D utility scores were determined using KCCQ, MLHFQ, and SAQ item and domain scores. Random Forest performed well for item scores for all questionnaires and domain score for KCCQ, while Bayesian GLM and Linear Regression were best for MLHFQ and SAQ domain scores. However, models tended to over-predict severe health states. CONCLUSION The three cardiac-specific non-preference-based QOL instruments can be mapped onto MacNew-7D utilities with good predictive accuracy using both direct response mapping techniques. The reported mapping algorithms may facilitate estimation of health utility for economic evaluations that have used these QOL instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Senanayake
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rithika Uchil
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Pakhi Sharma
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
| | - William Parsonage
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sanjeewa Kularatna
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Patil D, Tang H, Kuo F, Toh HS, Yang I, Chang W, Lee M, Chung K, Huang C, Hsu W, Chang T, Shih J, Liao C. Assessing the diversity and determinants of health-related quality of life measures in patients with acute heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:1963-1970. [PMID: 38509031 PMCID: PMC11287333 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) significantly impacts health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Existing HR-QoL questionnaires can show inconsistencies, potentially misrepresenting patient self-reports. This study examines the variation in HR-QoL measurement tools for HFrEF patients, identifying related determinants. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively analysed 134 hospitalized patients with acute decompensated HFrEF at a Taiwanese tertiary centre's Heart Failure Post-Acute-Care (HF-PAC) programme. Participants completed the EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire, the EQ-5D visual analogue scale (VAS), and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). Utility values were obtained from the EQ-5D questionnaire. Demographic features were depicted using descriptive statistics, while multivariate regression was used to ascertain relationships between HR-QoL measurements and determinants. Average scores for EQ-5D, MLHFQ, EQ-5D utility, and VAS were 6.1 ± 1.6, 21.8 ± 21.3, 81.7 ± 27.0, and 59.5 ± 14.6, respectively. Significant correlations were observed among the three tools. The New York Heart Association functional class showed a notable association with all tool scores. Other associations encompassed EQ-5D with coronary artery disease, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and the 6 min walk test; EQ-5D VAS with chronic kidney disease; and MLHFQ with age. CONCLUSIONS This study illuminates the variance in HR-QoL measurement tools for Taiwanese HFrEF patients. Using a range of these tools is beneficial in unveiling diverse determinants and approaching comprehensive patient-centred care. However, for a more precise HR-QoL assessment in Taiwanese HFrEF patients, recalibrating the EQ-5D-derived utility scores might be necessary, emphasizing the importance of patient-specific considerations within the HF-PAC programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrumil Patil
- Baroda Medical CollegeVadodaraIndia
- World Youth Heart FederationVadodaraIndia
| | - Hsin‐Ju Tang
- Department of NursingChang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research CenterChiayiTaiwan
| | - Fang‐Hsiu Kuo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
| | - Han Siong Toh
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Department of Health and NutritionChia Nan University of Pharmacy and ScienceTainanTaiwan
| | - I‐Ning Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Ting Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
| | - Mei‐Chuan Lee
- Department of PharmacyChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Kai‐Ning Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Ya Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
| | - Wan‐Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Internal MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
| | - Ting‐Chia Chang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
| | - Jhih‐Yuan Shih
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
- Department of Health and NutritionChia Nan University of Pharmacy and ScienceTainanTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Te Liao
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineChi Mei Medical Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
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Bulamu NB, Gebremichael LG, Hines S, Mpundu-Kaambwa C, Pearson V, Dafny HA, Pinero de Plaza MA, Beleigoli A, Kaambwa B, Hendriks JM, Clark RA. Measurement properties of utility-based health-related quality of life measures in cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs: a systematic review. Qual Life Res 2024:10.1007/s11136-024-03657-5. [PMID: 38961008 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-024-03657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify utility-based patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for assessing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs (CR) and appraise existing evidence on their measurement properties. Secondly, to link their items to the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) and the International Consortium of Health Outcome Measures (ICHOM) domains for cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS Eight databases were searched. The review followed the COSMIN and JBI guidelines for measurement properties systematic reviews and PRISMA 2020 reporting guidelines. Non-experimental and observational empirical studies of patients ≥ 18 years of age with CVD undergoing CR and assessed quality of life (QoL) or HRQoL using utility-based PROMs or one accompanied by health state utilities were included. RESULTS Nine PROMs were identified with evidence on measurement properties for three measures: the German translations of SF-12, EQ-5D-5L, and MacNew heart disease HRQoL questionnaire. There was moderate quality evidence for responsiveness and hypothesis testing of the SF-12 and EQ-5D-5L, and high-quality evidence for responsiveness and hypothesis testing for the MacNew. All items of SF-12 and EQ-5D were linked to ICF categories, but four items of the MacNew were not classified or defined. All the PROM domains were mapped onto similar constructs from the ICHOM global sets. CONCLUSION Three utility-based PROMs validated in CR were identified: the German versions of the EQ-5D and SF-12 and the MacNew questionnaire. These PROMs are linked to a breadth of ICF categories and all ICHOM global sets. Additional validation studies of PROMs in CR are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma B Bulamu
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, University Drive, South Australia (SA), Bedford Park, Adelaide, 5042, Australia.
- Mparntwe Centre for Evidence in Health, Flinders University: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Alice Springs, Australia.
| | - Lemlem G Gebremichael
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, University Drive, South Australia (SA), Bedford Park, Adelaide, 5042, Australia
- Mparntwe Centre for Evidence in Health, Flinders University: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Alice Springs, Australia
| | - Sonia Hines
- Mparntwe Centre for Evidence in Health, Flinders University: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Alice Springs, Australia
- Flinders Rural and Remote Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Alice Springs, Australia
| | - Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa
- Health and Social Care Economics Group, Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Economics of Global Health & Infectious Disease Unit, Melbourne Health Economics, Centre for Health Policy, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vincent Pearson
- JBI, School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hila A Dafny
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, University Drive, South Australia (SA), Bedford Park, Adelaide, 5042, Australia
- Mparntwe Centre for Evidence in Health, Flinders University: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Alice Springs, Australia
| | - Maria Alejandra Pinero de Plaza
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, University Drive, South Australia (SA), Bedford Park, Adelaide, 5042, Australia
- Mparntwe Centre for Evidence in Health, Flinders University: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Alice Springs, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence: Frailty and Healthy Ageing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Alline Beleigoli
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, University Drive, South Australia (SA), Bedford Park, Adelaide, 5042, Australia
- Mparntwe Centre for Evidence in Health, Flinders University: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Alice Springs, Australia
| | - Billingsley Kaambwa
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jeroen M Hendriks
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, University Drive, South Australia (SA), Bedford Park, Adelaide, 5042, Australia
- Mparntwe Centre for Evidence in Health, Flinders University: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Alice Springs, Australia
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robyn A Clark
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, University Drive, South Australia (SA), Bedford Park, Adelaide, 5042, Australia
- Mparntwe Centre for Evidence in Health, Flinders University: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Alice Springs, Australia
- Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, South Australia (SA), 5042, Australia
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Yang M, Kondo T, Talebi A, Jhund PS, Docherty KF, Claggett BL, Vaduganathan M, Bachus E, Hernandez AF, Lam CSP, Inzucchi SE, Martinez FA, de Boer RA, Kosiborod MN, Desai AS, Køber L, Ponikowski P, Sabatine MS, Solomon SD, McMurray JJV. Dapagliflozin and quality of life measured using the EuroQol 5-dimension questionnaire in patients with heart failure with reduced and mildly reduced/preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 2024; 26:1524-1538. [PMID: 38700986 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although much is known about the usefulness of heart failure (HF)-specific instruments for assessing patient well-being, less is known about the value of generic instruments for the measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in HF. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) visual analogue scale (VAS) and index scores, clinical characteristics, and outcomes in patients with HF and the effect of dapagliflozin on these scores. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a patient-level pooled analysis of the DAPA-HF and DELIVER trials, which investigated the effectiveness and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and mildly reduced/preserved ejection fraction (HFmrEF/HFpEF), respectively. Patients reporting higher (better) EQ-5D-5L VAS and index scores had a lower prevalence of comorbidities, including atrial fibrillation and hypertension, than patients with a worse score. They were also more likely to have better investigator-reported (New York Heart Association class) and patient-self-reported (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire) health status and lower median N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels. Compared to patients with the lowest scores (Q1), those with higher EQ-5D-5L VAS scores had better outcomes: the hazard ratio for the composite of cardiovascular death or worsening HF was 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.72-0.91) in Q2, 0.74 (0.65-0.84) in Q3, and 0.62 (0.54-0.72) in Q4. The risk of each component of the composite outcome, and all-cause death, was also lower in patients with better scores. Similar findings were observed for the index score. Treatment with dapagliflozin improved both EQ-5D-5L VAS and index scores across the range of ejection fraction. CONCLUSIONS Both higher (better) EQ-5D-5L VAS and index scores were associated with better outcomes. Dapagliflozin treatment improved EQ-5D-5L VAS and index scores, irrespective of ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yang
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Toru Kondo
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atefeh Talebi
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pardeep S Jhund
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kieran F Docherty
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian L Claggett
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Muthiah Vaduganathan
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erasmus Bachus
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adrian F Hernandez
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mikhail N Kosiborod
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Akshay S Desai
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Marc S Sabatine
- TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John J V McMurray
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Arayici ME, Gunes H, Ellidokuz H, Yilmaz MB. The efficacy and safety of soluble guanylate cyclase modulation in patients with heart failure: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6987. [PMID: 38523184 PMCID: PMC10961326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) modulation has been scrutinized in several disease states including heart failure (HF). Recently, it was shown that an sGC modulator improved HF-related hospitalization significantly, though, there was no benefit related to mortality. Herein, a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for sGC modulation in HF patients was provided in agreement with the PRISMA statement. A total of 10 RCTs yielding 12 papers were included. There were 7526 patients with heart failure of each phenotype, 4253 in the sGC modulator group and 3273 in the placebo group. Use of sGC modulators in HF patients yielded no significant difference in the risk of all-cause mortality compared to placebo (RR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.88-1.08, p = 0.62). The use of sGC modulators was associated with a trend toward a considerable but non-significant increase in the incidence of SAEs (RR = 1.10, 95% CI 0.99-1.22, p = 0.07), as well as an increased incidence of hypotension and anemia. There was an overall neutral effect of sGC modulation on NT-proBNP levels, 6MWD and mortality, at a cost of slight increase in hypotension and anemia. Of note, the improvement in EQ-5D-based quality of life was significant. Hence, the benefit seems to be driven by distinctive domains of quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Arayici
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gunes
- Department of Cardiology, Izmir Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hulya Ellidokuz
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Birhan Yilmaz
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, İzmir, Turkey.
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Lawson CA, Benson L, Squire I, Zaccardi F, Ali M, Hand S, Kadam U, Tay WT, Dahlstrom U, Lund LH, Savarese G, Lam CS, Khunti K, Strömberg A. Changing health related quality of life and outcomes in heart failure by age, sex and subtype. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 64:102217. [PMID: 37745020 PMCID: PMC10514432 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are calls to integrate serial recordings of health related quality of life (HRQoL) into routine care, clinical trials and prognosis. Little is known about the relationship between change in HRQoL and outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients by age, sex and HF subtype. Method From the Swedish Heart Failure Registry (SwedeHF; 2008-2019), patients were categorised by reduced (<40%, HFrEF), mildly-reduced (40-49%, HFmrEF) and preserved (≥50%, HFpEF) ejection fraction. HRQoL was measured using Euro-QoL-5D visual analogue scale (EQ5D-vas), collected at baseline and 1-year. Baseline EQ5D-vas scores were categorised by: "best" (76-100), "good" (51-75), "bad" (26-50), and "worst" (0-25). Change in EQ5D-vas was categorised as 'no significant change' (<5 points increase/decrease); some worsening (5-9 points decrease); considerable worsening (≥10 points decrease); some improvement (5-9 points increase); considerable improvement (≥10 points increase). Associations with admission and death were estimated and interactions with patient sub-groups tested. Findings Among 23,553 patients (median age 74 [66-81] years, 8000 [34%] female), baseline EQ5D-vas was worse in older patients, women, and those with HFpEF compared to their respective counterparts. Compared to patients with the "best" EQ5D-vas, the adjusted associations for admission for those with "good", "bad" and "worst" EQ5D-vas were, respectively: HR 1.09 (1.04, 1.14), 1.27 (1.21, 1.33) and 1.39 (1.28, 1.51). Compared to no significant change in EQ5D-vas, the adjusted estimates for admission following some improvement, considerable improvement, some worsening and considerable worsening were, respectively: HR 0.91 (0.82, 1.01), 0.75 (0.70, 0.81), 1.04 (0.92, 1.16) and 1.25 (1.16, 1.35). Results were similar amongst groups and for HF admission and death. Interpretation Change in HRQoL was an independent indicator of risk of admission and death in people with all HF subtypes, irrespective of age and sex. Funding NIHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A. Lawson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre –Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Iain Squire
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre –Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesco Zaccardi
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, University of Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
- Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration - East Midlands (ARC-EM), University of Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre –Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Hand
- Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Umesh Kadam
- Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ulf Dahlstrom
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Lars H. Lund
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, University of Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
- Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration - East Midlands (ARC-EM), University of Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Strömberg
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, and Department of Cardiology, Linkoping University, Sweden
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Li C, Dou L, Fu Q, Li S. Mapping the Seattle Angina Questionnaire to EQ-5D-5L in patients with coronary heart disease. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2023; 21:64. [PMID: 37400827 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-023-02151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health economic evaluation is critical in supporting novel cardiovascular disease therapies. However, most clinical studies do not include preference-based questionnaires to calculate utilities for health economic evaluations. Thus, this study aimed to develop mapping algorithms that convert the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) to EQ-5D-5L health utility scores for patients with coronary health disease (CHD) in China. METHODS Data were obtained from a longitudinal study of patients with CHD conducted at the Tianjin Medical University General Hospital in China. Convenience sampling was used to recruit patients with CHD. The inclusion criteria were having been diagnosed with CHD through a medical examination and being aged 18 years or older. The exclusion criteria were a lack of comprehension ability, serious comorbidities, mental illness, and hearing or vision impairment. All eligible patients were invited to participate, and 305 and 75 patients participated at baseline and in the follow-up, respectively. Seven regression models were developed using a direct approach. Furthermore, we predicted the five EQ-5D items using ordered logit model and derived the utility score from predicted responses using an indirect approach. Model performances were evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), correlation coefficient (ρ), and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). A five-fold cross-validation method was used to evaluate internal validation. RESULTS The average age was 63.04 years, and 53.72% of the included patients were male. Most (70.05%) patients had unstable angina pectoris, and the mean illness duration was 2.50 years. The EQ-5D scores were highly correlated with five subscales of the SAQ, with Spearman's rank correlation coefficients ranging from 0.6184 to 0.7093. The mixture beta model outperformed the other regression models in the direct approach, with the lowest MAE and RMSE and highest ρ and CCC. The ordered logit model in the indirect approach performed the same as the mixture beta regression with equal MAE, lower RMSE, and higher ρ and CCC. CONCLUSION Mapping algorithms developed using mixture beta and ordered logit models accurately converted SAQ scores to EQ-5D-5L health utility values, which could support health economic evaluations related to coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, (Shandong University), Wenhua Xi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, China
- Center for Health Preference Research, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lei Dou
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, (Shandong University), Wenhua Xi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, China
- Center for Health Preference Research, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Anshan Road 154, Tianjin, 300051, China
| | - Shunping Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, China.
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, (Shandong University), Wenhua Xi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, China.
- Center for Health Preference Research, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Cohen LP, Isaza N, Hernandez I, Lewis GD, Ho JE, Fonarow GC, Kazi DS, Bellows BK. Cost-effectiveness of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. JAMA Cardiol 2023; 8:419-428. [PMID: 36870047 PMCID: PMC9985815 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2023.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Importance Adding a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2-I) to standard-of-care treatment in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) reduces the risk of a composite outcome of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular mortality, but the cost-effectiveness in US patients with HFpEF is uncertain. Objective To evaluate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of standard therapy plus an SGLT2-I compared with standard therapy in individuals with HFpEF. Design, Setting, and Participants In this economic evaluation conducted from September 8, 2021, to December 12, 2022, a state-transition Markov model simulated monthly health outcomes and direct medical costs. Input parameters including hospitalization rates, mortality rates, costs, and utilities were extracted from HFpEF trials, published literature, and publicly available data sets. The base-case annual cost of SGLT2-I was $4506. A simulated cohort with similar characteristics as participants of the Empagliflozin in Heart Failure With a Preserved Ejection Fraction (EMPEROR-Preserved) and Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure With Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction (DELIVER) trials was used. Exposures Standard of care plus SGLT2-I vs standard of care. Main Outcomes and Measures The model simulated hospitalizations, urgent care visits, and cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death. Future medical costs and benefits were discounted by 3% per year. Main outcomes were quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), direct medical costs (2022 US dollars), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of SGLT2-I therapy from a US health care sector perspective. The ICER of SGLT2-I therapy was evaluated according to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association value framework (high value: <$50 000; intermediate value: $50 000 to <$150 000; and low value: ≥$150 000). Results The simulated cohort had a mean (SD) age of 71.7 (9.5) years and 6828 of 12 251 participants (55.7%) were male. Standard of care plus SGLT2-I increased quality-adjusted survival by 0.19 QALYs at an increased cost of $26 300 compared with standard of care. The resulting ICER was $141 200 per QALY gained, with 59.1% of 1000 probabilistic iterations indicating intermediate value and 40.9% indicating low value. The ICER was most sensitive to SGLT2-I costs and effect of SGLT2-I therapy on cardiovascular death (eg, increasing to $373 400 per QALY gained if SGLT2-I therapy was assumed to have no effect on mortality). Conclusions and Relevance Results of this economic evaluation suggest that at 2022 drug prices, adding an SGLT2-I to standard of care was of intermediate or low economic value compared with standard of care in US adults with HFpEF. Efforts to expand access to SGLT2-I for individuals with HFpEF should be coupled with efforts to lower the cost of SGLT2-I therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P. Cohen
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Nicolas Isaza
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Inmaculada Hernandez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego
| | - Gregory D. Lewis
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer E. Ho
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregg C. Fonarow
- Division of Cardiology, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Associate Section Editor, JAMA Cardiology
| | - Dhruv S. Kazi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brandon K. Bellows
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Li X, Zhao K, Li K, Wang W, Feng S, Wu J, He X, Xie S, Hu H, Fan J, Fu Q, Xie F. China Health Related Outcomes Measures (CHROME): development of a descriptive system to support cardiovascular disease specific preference-based measure for the Chinese population. Qual Life Res 2023:10.1007/s11136-023-03416-y. [PMID: 37119354 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preference-based measures have been increasingly recommended to measure health outcomes for economic evaluation. However, none of existing cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments are preference-based. This study aimed to develop the descriptive system of preference-based HRQoL instrument for Chinese patients with CVDs under the Initiative of China Health Related Outcomes Measures (CHROME). METHODS Qualitative face-to-face interviews were conducted with Chinese patients with CVDs. Content analysis was employed to generate candidate items for the instrument. Then expert consultation and cognitive debriefing interviews were conducted to guide further selection and revision of the items. RESULTS We interviewed 127 CVD patients with 67.7% being male and 63.8% living in the urban area. A hierarchical code book comprised of four themes, 20 categories, 62 sub-categories, and 207 codes, was developed. Candidate items were selected based on the criteria set by the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) methodology and ISPOR PRO guidance. An online survey and meeting with an expert advisory panel (n = 15) followed by cognitive debriefing interviews with 20 patients and 13 physicians were conducted to further select and revise the candidate items. The descriptive system of CHROME-CVD consists of 14 items, namely frequency and severity of chest pain, chest tightness, palpitation, shortness of breath, dizziness, fatigue, appetite, sleeping, mobility, daily activities, depression, worry, and social relationship. Four or five level responses were selected based on cognitive debriefing results to each item. CONCLUSION The current study developed the descriptive system (items and response options) of CHROME-CVD, the future CVD-specific preference-based HRQoL instrument for Chinese CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Health Technology Assessment, China National Health Development Research Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Health Technology Assessment, China National Health Development Research Center, Beijing, China
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Li
- China Alliance for Rare Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Health Technology Assessment, China National Health Development Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Siting Feng
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Center for Social Science Survey and Data, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoning He
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Center for Social Science Survey and Data, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shitong Xie
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Liaoning Institute of Basic Medicine, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Fan
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- China National Health Development Research Center, 9 Chegongzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100444, China.
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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10
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Nguyen BN, Mital S, Bugden S, Nguyen HV. Cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin for treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Int J Cardiol 2023; 376:83-89. [PMID: 36736672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differences in cost and efficacy between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in combination with standard of care (SoC) raise the question of which regimen would be cost-effective in treating heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin plus SoC (dapagliflozin-SoC) versus empagliflozin plus SoC (empagliflozin-SoC) or SoC alone for treatment of HFrEF. METHODS We developed a Markov model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin-SoC, empagliflozin-SoC, and SoC alone from the healthcare system perspective over a lifetime horizon. Data on efficacy of dapagliflozin-SoC, empagliflozin-SoC, and SoC were obtained from randomized controlled trials. Costs were measured in 2022 US dollars, and effectiveness was measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). RESULTS Among three strategies, dapagliflozin-SoC was the most cost-effective strategy and dominated empagliflozin-SoC in an extended sense. Compared with SoC alone, dapagliflozin-SoC and empagliflozin-SoC had incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) of $56,782 and $89,258 per QALY, respectively. Dapagliflozin-SoC cost more $5524 but yielded more 0.20 QALYs than empagliflozin-SoC, with the ICER of $27,861 per QALY. The cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin-SoC, empagliflozin-SoC, and SoC alone did not depend on diabetic status. However, empagliflozin-SoC was no longer cost-effective versus SoC alone in HFrEF patients without CKD, and dapagliflozin-SoC was not cost-effective versus empagliflozin-SoC in HFrEF patients with CKD. CONCLUSION Dapagliflozin-SoC was cost-effective versus empagliflozin-SoC or SoC alone for treatment of HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ngoc Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Shweta Mital
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shawn Bugden
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Hai V Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
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11
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Zannad F, Alikhaani J, Alikhaani S, Butler J, Gordon J, Jensen K, Khatib R, Mantovani L, Martinez R, Moore WF, Murakami M, Roessig L, Stockbridge N, Van Spall HGC, Yancy C, Spertus JA. Patient-reported outcome measures and patient engagement in heart failure clinical trials: multi-stakeholder perspectives. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:478-487. [PMID: 36924142 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many consequences of heart failure (HF), including symptoms, impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and physical and social limitations (functional status). These have a substantial impact on patients' lives, yet are not routinely captured in clinical trials. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) can quantify patients' experiences of their disease and its treatment. Steps can be taken to improve the use of PROs in HF trials, in regulatory and payer decisions, and in patient care. Importantly, PRO measures (PROMs) must be developed with involvement of patients, family members, and caregivers from diverse demographic groups and communities. PRO data collection should become more routine not only in clinical trials but also in clinical practice. This may be facilitated by the use of digital tools and interdisciplinary patient advocacy efforts. There is a need for standardization, not only of the PROM instruments, but also in procedures for analysis, interpretation and reporting PRO data. More work needs to be done to determine the degree of change that is important to patients and that is associated with increased risks of clinical events. This 'minimal clinically important difference' requires further research to determine thresholds for different PROMs, to assess consistency across trial populations, and to define standards for improvement that warrant regulatory and reimbursement approvals. PROs are a vital part of patient care and drug development, and more work should be done to ensure that these measures are both reflective of the patient experience and that they are more widely employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm Clinical Investigation Center at Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jason Gordon
- HEOR- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Ltd, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Rani Khatib
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds; Cardiology Department, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Lorenzo Mantovani
- Value-Based Healthcare Unit, IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Wanda F Moore
- Sarver Heart Center Women's Heart Health Education Comm., University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Lothar Roessig
- Clinical Development Group, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Norman Stockbridge
- Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Harriette G C Van Spall
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Research Institute of St. Joseph's, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Clyde Yancy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John A Spertus
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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12
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Savarese G, Lindenfeld J, Stolfo D, Adams K, Ahmad T, Desai NR, Ammirati E, Gottlieb SS, Psotka MA, Rosano GMC, Allen LA. Use of patient-reported outcomes in heart failure: from clinical trials to routine practice. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:139-151. [PMID: 36644876 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome that affects mortality/morbidity and acts at different levels in the patient's life, resulting in a drastic impairment in multiple aspects of daily activities (e.g. physical, mental/emotional, and social) and leading to a reduction in quality of life. The definition of disease status and symptom severity has been traditionally based on the physician assessment, while the patient's experience of disease has been long overlooked. The active participation of patients in their own care is necessary to better understand the perception of disease and the multiple aspects of life affected, and to improve adherence to treatments. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) aim to switch traditional care to a more patient-centred approach. Although PROs demonstrated precision in the evaluation of disease status and have a good association with prognosis in several randomized controlled trials, their implementation into clinical practice is limited. This review discusses the modalities of use of PROs in HF, summarizes the most largely adopted PROs in HF care, and provides an overview on the application of PROs in trials and the potential for their transition to clinical practice. By discussing the advantages and the disadvantages of their use, the reasons limiting their application in daily clinical routine, and the strategies that may promote their implementation, this review aims to foster the systematic integration of the patient's standpoint in HF care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Savarese
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joann Lindenfeld
- Vanderbilt Heart and Vascular Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Davide Stolfo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kirkwood Adams
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tariq Ahmad
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nihar R Desai
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Enrico Ammirati
- De Gasperis Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen S Gottlieb
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Giuseppe M C Rosano
- Centre for Clinical & Basic Research, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Larry A Allen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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13
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Zheng J, Parizo JT, Spertus JA, Heidenreich PA, Sandhu AT. Cost-effectiveness of Empagliflozin in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. JAMA Intern Med 2022; 182:1278-1288. [PMID: 36342696 PMCID: PMC9641590 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.5010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Importance In the Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (EMPEROR-Preserved), empagliflozin significantly reduced hospitalizations for heart failure while improving patient-reported health status compared with placebo. The long-term cost-effectiveness of empagliflozin among patients who have heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains unclear. Objective To estimate the cost-effectiveness of empagliflozin in patients with HFpEF. Design, Setting, and Participants This cost-effectiveness analysis performed from October 2021 to April 2022 included a Markov model using estimates of treatment efficacy, event probabilities, and utilities from EMPEROR-Preserved and published literature. Costs were derived from national surveys and pricing data sets. Quality of life was imputed from a heart failure-specific quality-of-life measure. Two analyses were performed, with and without a treatment effect on cardiovascular mortality. Subgroup analyses were based on diabetes status, ejection fraction, and health status impairment due to heart failure. The model reproduced the event rates and risk reduction with empagliflozin observed in EMPEROR-Preserved over 26 months of follow-up; future projections extended across the lifetime of patients. Exposures Empagliflozin or standard of care. Main Outcomes and Measures Hospitalizations for heart failure, life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), lifetime costs, and lifetime incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Results A total of 5988 patients were included in the analysis, with a mean age of 72 years, New York Heart Association class II to IV heart failure, and left ventricular ejection fraction greater than 40%. At the Federal Supply Schedule price of $327 per month, empagliflozin yielded 0.06 additional QALYs and $26 257 incremental costs compared with standard of care, producing a cost per QALY gained of $437 442. Incremental costs consisted of total drug costs of $29 586 and savings of $3329 from reduced hospitalizations for heart failure. Cost-effectiveness was similar across subgroups. The results were most sensitive to the monthly cost, quality-of-life benefit, and mortality effect of empagliflozin. A price reduction to $153 per month, incremental utility of 0.02, or 8% reduction in cardiovascular mortality would bring empagliflozin to $180 000 per QALY gained, the threshold for intermediate value. Using Medicare Part D monthly pricing of $375 after rebates and $511 before rebates, empagliflozin would remain low value at $509 636 and $710 825 per QALY gained, respectively. Cost-effectiveness estimates were robust to variation in the frequency and disutility of heart failure hospitalizations. Conclusions and Relevance In this economic evaluation, based on current cost-effectiveness benchmarks, empagliflozin provides low economic value compared with standard of care for HFpEF, largely due to its lack of efficacy on mortality and small benefit on quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Zheng
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Justin T. Parizo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - John A. Spertus
- St Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri–Kansas City
| | - Paul A. Heidenreich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Division of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Alexander T. Sandhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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14
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Xie J, Wang Y, Xu Y, Fine JT, Lam J, Garrison LP. Assessing health-related quality-of-life in patients with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: EQ-5D-based utilities in the EXPLORER-HCM trial. J Med Econ 2022; 25:51-58. [PMID: 34907813 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2021.2011301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effects of mavacamten on health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) in symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and estimate health utilities by New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with symptomatic obstructive HCM were randomized to 30 weeks of mavacamten or to placebo treatment, with or without beta-blocker or calcium channel blocker monotherapy, in EXPLORER-HCM (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03470545). Health utility was measured using the EuroQoL 5-dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) index score with the US value set. The 30-week changes in EQ-5D-5L index score and EuroQoL visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) score were compared between the two arms using linear regression, and the proportions of patients with a meaningful improvement were compared using logistic regression. The meaningful change thresholds were estimated using both distribution- and anchor-based approaches. Mean utilities by NYHA class were estimated for each arm using a generalized estimating equation. RESULTS Compared with placebo (N = 89), patients receiving mavacamten (N = 96) had significantly greater 30-week improvement in EQ-5D-5L index score (mavacamten = 0.084; placebo = 0.009; adjusted difference = 0.073 [95% confidence interval = 0.027-0.118]) and EQ-VAS score (mavacamten = 8.5; placebo = 0.7; adjusted difference = 7.5 [95% confidence interval = 1.8-13.2]), and a significantly higher proportion of these patients showed meaningful improvement in EQ-5D-5L index score and EQ-VAS score. Both outcomes were correlated with the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score (KCCQ CSS) and HCM Symptom Questionnaire Shortness-of-Breath (HCMSQ SoB) subscore, two patient-reported anchor variables. Additionally, mean utilities significantly decreased with higher NYHA functional class (values for NYHA class I, II, and III/IV - mavacamten = 0.950, 0.866, and 0.708; placebo = 0.952, 0.850, and 0.704). CONCLUSIONS Compared with placebo, mavacamten significantly improved EQ-5D-5L index score and EQ-VAS score - and thus HRQoL - among patients with symptomatic obstructive HCM. Patients with a higher NYHA functional class had a lower health utility value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipan Xie
- Analysis Group, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Analysis Group, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yaping Xu
- MyoKardia, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer T Fine
- MyoKardia, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Lam
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, CA, USA
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15
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Parizo JT, Goldhaber-Fiebert JD, Salomon JA, Khush KK, Spertus JA, Heidenreich PA, Sandhu AT. Cost-effectiveness of Dapagliflozin for Treatment of Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. JAMA Cardiol 2021; 6:926-935. [PMID: 34037681 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance In the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) trial, dapagliflozin was shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality and hospitalizations due to heart failure while improving patient-reported health status. However, the cost-effectiveness of adding dapagliflozin therapy to standard of care (SOC) is unknown. Objective To estimate the cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin therapy among patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Design, Setting, and Participants This Markov cohort cost-effectiveness model used estimates of therapy effectiveness, transition probabilities, and utilities from the DAPA-HF trial and other published literature. Costs were derived from published sources. Patients with HFrEF included subgroups based on diabetes status and health status impairment due to heart failure. We compiled parameters from the literature including DAPA-HF, on which our model is based, and many other sources from December 2019 to February 27, 2021. We performed our analysis in February 2021. Exposures Dapagliflozin or SOC. Main Outcomes and Measures Hospitalizations for heart failure, life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs, and the cost per QALY gained (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio). Results In the model, dapagliflozin therapy yielded a mean of 0.78 additional life-years and 0.46 additional QALYs compared with SOC at an incremental cost of $38 212, resulting in a cost per QALY gained of $83 650. The cost per QALY was similar for patients with or without diabetes and for patients with mild or moderate impairment of health status due to heart failure. The cost-effectiveness was most sensitive to estimates of the effect on mortality and duration of therapy effectiveness. If the cost of dapagliflozin decreased from $474 to $270 (43% decline), the cost per QALY gained would drop below $50 000. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that dapagliflozin provides intermediate value compared with SOC, based on American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association benchmarks. Additional data regarding the magnitude of mortality reduction would improve the precision of cost-effectiveness estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Parizo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jeremy D Goldhaber-Fiebert
- Stanford Health Policy, Centers for Health Policy and Primary Care and Outcomes Research, The Freeman Spogli Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Joshua A Salomon
- Stanford Health Policy, Centers for Health Policy and Primary Care and Outcomes Research, The Freeman Spogli Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Kiran K Khush
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - John A Spertus
- St Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City
| | - Paul A Heidenreich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Division of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Alexander T Sandhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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16
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Dalal H, Taylor RS, Cleland JG. Correspondence to European Heart Journal-Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes in response to paper by Thomas, M. et al. 2021: Predicting the EQ-5D from the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) in patients with heart failures. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. QUALITY OF CARE & CLINICAL OUTCOMES 2021; 7:e7. [PMID: 33914892 PMCID: PMC8294675 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasnain Dalal
- Primary Care Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust Truro TR1 3HD, UK
| | - Rod S Taylor
- Primary Care Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John G Cleland
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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