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Sciagrà R, Linguanti F. The Never-ending Story: Assessing coronary collateral circulation with myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:2346-2348. [PMID: 37291456 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-023-03294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of coronary collateral circulation has been thoroughly studied, and myocardial perfusion imaging has been a frequently employed method. Even angiographic invisible collaterals can support some degree of tracer uptake, but the clinical role of this evaluation is still uncertain, and this remains the main issue that should be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sciagrà
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Flavia Linguanti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Pec J, Buchner S, Wester M, Debl K, Hamer OW, Poschenrieder F, Maier LS, Arzt M, Stadler S. Association of Coronary Collaterals and Myocardial Salvage Measured by Serial Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging after Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:473. [PMID: 38132641 PMCID: PMC10743778 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10120473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary collateral flow in angiography has been linked with lower mortality rates in patients with coronary artery disease. However, the relevance of the underlying mechanism is sparse. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), relevant coronary collateral flow is associated with more salvaged myocardium and lower risk of developing heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with first AMI who received a percutaneous coronary intervention within 24 h after symptom onset were classified visually by assigning a Cohen-Rentrop Score (CRS) ranging between 0 (no collaterals) and 3 (complete retrograde filling of the occluded vessel). All 36 patients included in the analysis underwent cardiac magnetic resonance examination within 3 to 5 days after myocardial infarction and after 12 weeks. Patients with relevant collateral flow (CRS 2-3) to the infarct-related artery had significantly smaller final infarct size compared to those without (7 ± 4% vs. 20 ± 12%, p < 0.001). In addition, both groups showed improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction early after AMI, whereas the recovery was greater in CRS 2-3 (+8 ± 5% vs. +3 ± 5%, p = 0.015). CONCLUSION In patients with first AMI, relevant collateral flow to the infarct-related artery was associated with more salvaged myocardium at 12 weeks, translating into greater improvement of systolic left ventricular function. The protective effect of coronary collaterals and the variance of infarct location should be further investigated in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Buchner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cham Hospital, 93413 Cham, Germany
| | - Michael Wester
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Debl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Okka W. Hamer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Lars S. Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Arzt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Stadler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Guo R, Wang X, Guo Q, Yan Y, Gong W, Zheng W, Zhao G, Wang H, Xu L, Nie S. Cardiac magnetic resonance shows increased adverse ventricular remodeling in younger patients after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:4637-4647. [PMID: 36700954 PMCID: PMC10289996 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Young patients account for about half of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and display a unique risk profile compared with old patients. Whether these differences are related to disparities in ventricular remodeling remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate age-related differences in ventricular remodeling after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for STEMI. METHODS In this observational study, consecutive STEMI patients between October 2019 and March 2021 who underwent serial cardiovascular magnetic resonance at index admission (3 to 7 days) and 3 months after PPCI were enrolled. Adverse remodeling was defined as ≥ 10% enlargement in left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVi), while reverse remodeling was defined as a decrease in left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVi) of more than 10%. RESULTS A total of 123 patients were included and grouped into young (< 60 years, n = 71) and old (≥ 60 years, n = 52) patients. Despite generally similar baseline structural and infarct characteristics, LVESVi significantly decreased only in old patients during follow-up (p = 0.034). The incidence of adverse remodeling was higher (49.3% vs 30.8%, p = 0.039), while the incidence of reverse remodeling was lower (31.0% vs 53.8%, p = 0.011) in young compared with old patients. Younger age (< 60 years) was associated with a significantly higher risk of adverse remodeling (adjusted OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.41-8.74, p = 0.007) and lower incidence of reverse remodeling (adjusted OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.18-0.97, p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS In STEMI patients undergoing PPCI, young patients are at a higher risk of adverse remodeling and less probably develop reverse remodeling than old patients. Equal or more attention should be paid to young patients with STEMI compared with their older counterparts. KEY POINTS • In STEMI patients undergoing PPCI, young patients displayed unfavorable remodeling compared with old patients. • Young patients are at a higher risk of adverse remodeling and less probably develop reverse remodeling than old patients. • Equal or more attention should be paid to young patients compared with their older counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Guo
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Qian Guo
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guanqi Zhao
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Ferdinandy P, Andreadou I, Baxter GF, Bøtker HE, Davidson SM, Dobrev D, Gersh BJ, Heusch G, Lecour S, Ruiz-Meana M, Zuurbier CJ, Hausenloy DJ, Schulz R. Interaction of Cardiovascular Nonmodifiable Risk Factors, Comorbidities and Comedications With Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Cardioprotection by Pharmacological Treatments and Ischemic Conditioning. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:159-216. [PMID: 36753049 PMCID: PMC9832381 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconditioning, postconditioning, and remote conditioning of the myocardium enhance the ability of the heart to withstand a prolonged ischemia/reperfusion insult and the potential to provide novel therapeutic paradigms for cardioprotection. While many signaling pathways leading to endogenous cardioprotection have been elucidated in experimental studies over the past 30 years, no cardioprotective drug is on the market yet for that indication. One likely major reason for this failure to translate cardioprotection into patient benefit is the lack of rigorous and systematic preclinical evaluation of promising cardioprotective therapies prior to their clinical evaluation, since ischemic heart disease in humans is a complex disorder caused by or associated with cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities. These risk factors and comorbidities induce fundamental alterations in cellular signaling cascades that affect the development of ischemia/reperfusion injury and responses to cardioprotective interventions. Moreover, some of the medications used to treat these comorbidities may impact on cardioprotection by again modifying cellular signaling pathways. The aim of this article is to review the recent evidence that cardiovascular risk factors as well as comorbidities and their medications may modify the response to cardioprotective interventions. We emphasize the critical need for taking into account the presence of cardiovascular risk factors as well as comorbidities and their concomitant medications when designing preclinical studies for the identification and validation of cardioprotective drug targets and clinical studies. This will hopefully maximize the success rate of developing rational approaches to effective cardioprotective therapies for the majority of patients with multiple comorbidities. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Ischemic heart disease is a major cause of mortality; however, there are still no cardioprotective drugs on the market. Most studies on cardioprotection have been undertaken in animal models of ischemia/reperfusion in the absence of comorbidities; however, ischemic heart disease develops with other systemic disorders (e.g., hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, atherosclerosis). Here we focus on the preclinical and clinical evidence showing how these comorbidities and their routine medications affect ischemia/reperfusion injury and interfere with cardioprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Gary F Baxter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Sean M Davidson
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Bernard J Gersh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
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5
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Wang Y, Sheng Z, Li J, Tan Y, Zhou P, Liu C, Zhao X, Zhou J, Chen R, Song L, Zhao H, Yan H. Association Between Preinfarction Angina and Culprit Lesion Morphology in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:678822. [PMID: 35118138 PMCID: PMC8804379 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.678822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported the cardiac protection effect of preinfarction angina (PIA) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We sought to identify culprit-plaque morphology and clinical outcomes associated with PIA in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 279 patients with STEMI between March 2017 and March 2019 who underwent intravascular OCT of the culprit lesion were prospectively included. Of them, 153 (54.8%) patients were presented with PIA. No differences were observed in clinical and angiographic data between the two groups, except STEMI onset with exertion was significantly less common in the PIA group (24.2 vs. 40.5%, p = 0.004). Patients with PIA exhibited a significantly lower incidence of plaque rupture (40.5 vs. 61.9%, p < 0.001) and lipid-rich plaques (48.4 vs. 69.0%, p = 0.001). The thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) prevalence was lower in the PIA group, presenting a thicker fibrous cap thickness, although statistically significant differences were not observed (20.3 vs. 30.2%, p = 0.070; 129.1 ± 92.0 vs. 111.4 ± 78.1 μm, p = 0.088; respectively). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that PIA was an independent negative predictor of plaque rupture (odds ratio: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.268-0.725, p = 0.001). No significant differences in clinical outcomes were observed besides unplanned revascularization. CONCLUSION Compared with the non-PIA group, STEMI patients with PIA showed a significantly lower prevalence of plaque rupture and lipid-rich plaques in culprit lesion, implying different mechanisms of STEMI attack in these two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxue Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runzhen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Yan
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Ekström K, Nielsen JVW, Nepper-Christensen L, Ahtarovski KA, Kyhl K, Göransson C, Bertelsen L, Ghotbi AA, Kelbæk H, Høfsten DE, Køber L, Schoos MM, Vejlstrup N, Lønborg J, Engstrøm T. Ischemia From Nonculprit Stenoses Is Not Associated With Reduced Culprit Infarct Size in Patients with ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:e012290. [PMID: 33951923 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.120.012290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention, reperfusion injury accounts for a significant fraction of the final infarct size, which is directly related to patient prognosis. In animal studies, brief periods of ischemia in noninfarct-related (nonculprit) coronary arteries protect the culprit myocardium via remote ischemic preconditioning. Positive fractional flow reserve (FFR) documents functional significant coronary nonculprit stenosis, which may offer remote ischemic preconditioning of the culprit myocardium. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between functional significant, multivessel disease (MVD) and reduced culprit final infarct size or increased myocardial salvage (myocardial salvage index [MSI]) in a large contemporary cohort of STEMI patients. METHODS Cardiac magnetic resonance was performed in 610 patients with STEMI at day 1 and 3 months after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were stratified into 3 groups according to FFR measurements in nonculprit stenosis (if any): angiographic single vessel disease (SVD), FFR nonsignificant MVD (functional SVD), or FFR-significant, functional MVD. RESULTS A total of 431 (71%) patients had SVD, 35 (6%) had functional SVD, and 144 (23%) had functional MVD. There was no difference in final infarct size (mean infarct size [%left ventricular mass] SVD, 9±3%; functional SVD, 9±3%; and functional MVD, 9±3% [P=0.82]) or in MSI between groups (mean MSI [%left] SVD, 66±23%; functional SVD, 68±19%; and functional MVD, 69±19% [P=0.62]). In multivariable analyses, functional MVD was not associated with larger MSI (P=0.56) or smaller infarct size (P=0.55). CONCLUSIONS Functional MVD in nonculprit myocardium was not associated with reduced culprit final infarct size or increased MSI following STEMI. This is important knowledge for future studies examining a cardioprotective treatment in patients with STEMI, as a possible confounding effect of FFR-significant, functional MVD can be discarded. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01435408 (DANAMI 3-iPOST and DANAMI 3-DEFER) and NCT01960933 (DANAMI 3-PRIMULTI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Ekström
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (K.E., J.V.W.N., L.N.-C., K.A.A., K.K., C.G., L.B., A.A.G., D.E.H., L.K., M.M.S., N.V., J.L., T.E.)
| | - Julie V W Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (K.E., J.V.W.N., L.N.-C., K.A.A., K.K., C.G., L.B., A.A.G., D.E.H., L.K., M.M.S., N.V., J.L., T.E.)
| | - Lars Nepper-Christensen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (K.E., J.V.W.N., L.N.-C., K.A.A., K.K., C.G., L.B., A.A.G., D.E.H., L.K., M.M.S., N.V., J.L., T.E.)
| | - Kiril A Ahtarovski
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (K.E., J.V.W.N., L.N.-C., K.A.A., K.K., C.G., L.B., A.A.G., D.E.H., L.K., M.M.S., N.V., J.L., T.E.)
| | - Kasper Kyhl
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (K.E., J.V.W.N., L.N.-C., K.A.A., K.K., C.G., L.B., A.A.G., D.E.H., L.K., M.M.S., N.V., J.L., T.E.)
| | - Christoffer Göransson
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (K.E., J.V.W.N., L.N.-C., K.A.A., K.K., C.G., L.B., A.A.G., D.E.H., L.K., M.M.S., N.V., J.L., T.E.)
| | - Litten Bertelsen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (K.E., J.V.W.N., L.N.-C., K.A.A., K.K., C.G., L.B., A.A.G., D.E.H., L.K., M.M.S., N.V., J.L., T.E.)
| | - Adam A Ghotbi
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (K.E., J.V.W.N., L.N.-C., K.A.A., K.K., C.G., L.B., A.A.G., D.E.H., L.K., M.M.S., N.V., J.L., T.E.)
| | - Henning Kelbæk
- Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark (H.K.)
| | - Dan E Høfsten
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (K.E., J.V.W.N., L.N.-C., K.A.A., K.K., C.G., L.B., A.A.G., D.E.H., L.K., M.M.S., N.V., J.L., T.E.)
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (K.E., J.V.W.N., L.N.-C., K.A.A., K.K., C.G., L.B., A.A.G., D.E.H., L.K., M.M.S., N.V., J.L., T.E.)
| | - Mikkel M Schoos
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (K.E., J.V.W.N., L.N.-C., K.A.A., K.K., C.G., L.B., A.A.G., D.E.H., L.K., M.M.S., N.V., J.L., T.E.)
| | - Niels Vejlstrup
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (K.E., J.V.W.N., L.N.-C., K.A.A., K.K., C.G., L.B., A.A.G., D.E.H., L.K., M.M.S., N.V., J.L., T.E.)
| | - Jacob Lønborg
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (K.E., J.V.W.N., L.N.-C., K.A.A., K.K., C.G., L.B., A.A.G., D.E.H., L.K., M.M.S., N.V., J.L., T.E.)
| | - Thomas Engstrøm
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (K.E., J.V.W.N., L.N.-C., K.A.A., K.K., C.G., L.B., A.A.G., D.E.H., L.K., M.M.S., N.V., J.L., T.E.)
- Department of Cardiology, Lund University Hospital, Sweden (T.E.)
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7
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Topal DG, Aleksov Ahtarovski K, Lønborg J, Høfsten D, Nepper-Christensen L, Kyhl K, Schoos M, Ghotbi AA, Göransson C, Bertelsen L, Holmvang L, Helqvist S, Pedersen F, Schnabel R, Køber L, Kelbæk H, Vejlstrup N, Engstrøm T, Clemmensen P. Impact of age on reperfusion success and long-term prognosis in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction - A cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2021; 33:100731. [PMID: 33732867 PMCID: PMC7937772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Coronary collateral circulation and conditioning from
remote ischemic coronary territories may protect culprit myocardium in the
elderly, and younger STEMI patients could suffer from larger infarcts. We
evaluated the impact of age on myocardial salvage and long-term prognosis in a
contemporary STEMI cohort. Methods Of 1603 included STEMI patients 807 underwent cardiac
magnetic resonance. To assess the impact of age on infarct size and left
ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as well as the composite endpoint of death
and re-hospitalization for heart failure we stratified the patients by an age
cut-off of 60 years. Results Younger STEMI patients had smaller final infarcts (10%
vs. 12%, P = 0.012) and higher final LVEF (60% vs. 58%, P = 0.042). After
adjusting for multiple potential confounders age did not remain significantly
associated with infarct size and LVEF. During 4-year follow-up, the composite
endpoint occurred less often in the young (3.2% vs. 17.2%; P < 0.001) with a
univariate hazard ratio of 5.77 (95% CI, 3.75–8.89; p < 0.001). Event
estimates of 4 subgroups (young vs. elderly and infarct size beyond vs. below
median) showed a gradual increase in the occurrence of the composite endpoint
depending on both age and acute infarct size (log-rank
p < 0.001). Conclusion Having a STEMI after entering the seventh decade of life
more than quadrupled the risk of future death or re-hospitalization for heart
failure. Risk of death and re-hospitalization depended on both advanced age and
infarct size, albeit no substantial difference was found in infarct size, LVEF
and salvage potential between younger and elderly patients with
STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divan Gabriel Topal
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob Lønborg
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Dan Høfsten
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Kasper Kyhl
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Schoos
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Adam Ali Ghotbi
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Litten Bertelsen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Lene Holmvang
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Steffen Helqvist
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Frants Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Renate Schnabel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Henning Kelbæk
- Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Niels Vejlstrup
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Thomas Engstrøm
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Clemmensen
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Nykøbing F Hospital, Nykøbing F, Institute for Regional Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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8
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Kleinbongard P, Bøtker HE, Ovize M, Hausenloy DJ, Heusch G. Co-morbidities and co-medications as confounders of cardioprotection-Does it matter in the clinical setting? Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5252-5269. [PMID: 31430831 PMCID: PMC7680006 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The translation of cardioprotection from robust experimental evidence to beneficial clinical outcome for patients suffering acute myocardial infarction or undergoing cardiovascular surgery has been largely disappointing. The present review attempts to critically analyse the evidence for confounders of cardioprotection in patients with acute myocardial infarction and in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. One reason that has been proposed to be responsible for such lack of translation is the confounding of cardioprotection by co-morbidities and co-medications. Whereas there is solid experimental evidence for such confounding of cardioprotection by single co-morbidities and co-medications, the clinical evidence from retrospective analyses of the limited number of clinical data is less robust. The best evidence for interference of co-medications is that for platelet inhibitors to recruit cardioprotection per se and thus limit the potential for further protection from myocardial infarction and for propofol anaesthesia to negate the protection from remote ischaemic conditioning in cardiovascular surgery. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular CenterUniversity of Essen Medical SchoolEssenGermany
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of CardiologyAarhus University Hospital SkejbyAarhusDenmark
| | - Michel Ovize
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Université de Lyon and Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Derek J. Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingapore
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart CentreSingapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University SingaporeSingapore
- The Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Research and DevelopmentThe National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
- Tecnologico de MonterreyCentro de Biotecnologia‐FEMSAMonterreyNuevo LeonMexico
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular CenterUniversity of Essen Medical SchoolEssenGermany
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Pre-infarction angina is associated with improved prognosis in diabetic patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction - data from a contemporary cohort. Coron Artery Dis 2020; 32:375-381. [PMID: 33060526 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-infarction angina (PIA) is associated with improved prognosis in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Some studies suggest that diabetes may blunt the effect of ischaemic preconditioning. We sought to study the impact of PIA in diabetic patients with STEMI. METHODS Consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent primary angioplasty were included. PIA was defined as ≥1 episode of chest pain during the week preceding STEMI diagnosis. Incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were defined as the first occurrence of all-cause death, stroke or acute myocardial infarction. RESULTS Of the 1143 included patients, 25% were diabetic and 32% had a history of PIA. Diabetic patients with PIA had smaller infarct sizes as estimated by peak creatine kinase (CK) [1144 (500-2212) vs. 1715 (908-3309) U/L, P = 0.003] and peak troponin [3.30 (1.90-6.58) vs. 4.88 (2.50-9.58) ng/ml, P = 0.002], compared to diabetics without PIA. They also had a lower likelihood of evolving with moderate to severe reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) (25.6%, n = 22 vs. 46.6%, n = 82, P = 0.001). In non-diabetic patients, PIA was associated with reduced peak CK [1549 (909-2909) vs. 1793 (996-3078), P = 0.0497], but not troponin (3.74 [2.23-7.11] vs. 4.56 [2.44-7.77] ng/ml, P = 0.19), and was not associated with reduced LVEF (32.0%, n = 85 vs. 37.4%, n = 207, P = 0.13). Both diabetic and non-diabetic patients with PIA had a lower likelihood of evolving with a Killip class III/VI (non-diabetic patients: 5.6% vs. 14.1%, P = 0.002; diabetic patients: 12.8% vs. 24.6%, P = 0.049). Over a median follow-up of 18.0 (12.1-25.5) months, PIA was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of MACE [hazard ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37-0.74, P < 0.001], irrespective of diabetes status. CONCLUSION PIA is an independent predictor of favourable outcomes in the setting of STEMI for both diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
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Sabbah M, Engstrøm T, Nepper-Christensen L, Lønborg J. Does infarct localization and collateral supply confound the association between antiplatelet treatment and infarct size in STEMI? Int J Cardiol 2020; 326:42. [PMID: 33038411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sabbah
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Engstrøm
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Nepper-Christensen
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Lønborg
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Masoumkhani F, Gohari S, Reshadmanesh T, Ahangar H, Faghihzadeh S. Association between ST-segment resolution after primary angioplasty and short-term outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2020; 69:133-140. [PMID: 32492986 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.20.05109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the early/late complete ST-resolution and short-term cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing primary angioplasty. METHODS This was a prospective cross-sectional study of patients with acute myocardial infarction who candidate for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during 1 year. An ECG obtained at the time of admission, 90 minutes and 24 hour after PCI. Patients were followed up for in hospital and 1-year outcomes and then data assessed according to the ST segment resolution (STR) (complete ≥70% and incomplete <70% STR). RESULTS Overall, 124 patients included in the study. The rates of complete STR were 44.4% after 90 minutes and 82.3% after 24 hours. Patients with early complete STR had significant lower rates of heart failure after 1-year follow-up (32% versus 46%, OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.42-2.50, P=0.005) but not like patients with late STR. No significant relationship was observed between early/late complete STR and re-infarction, stroke, re-hospitalization and death during 1-year follow-up (P>0.05). Moderate correlations were found between percentage of ST resolution after 90 minutes and EF before discharge and final EF (correlation coefficient: 0.395 and 0.488, respectively, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Early complete STR can be an indicator for development of heart failure after 1-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Masoumkhani
- Department of Cardiology, Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Sepehr Gohari
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Tara Reshadmanesh
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahangar
- Department of Cardiology, Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran -
| | - Soghrat Faghihzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Sabbah M, Nepper-Christensen L, Køber L, Høfsten DE, Ahtarovski KA, Göransson C, Kyhl K, Ghotbi AA, Schoos MM, Sadjadieh G, Kelbæk H, Lønborg J, Engstrøm T. Infarct size following loading with Ticagrelor/Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2020; 314:7-12. [PMID: 32389767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with newer direct-acting anti-platelet drugs (Ticagrelor and Prasugrel) prior to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with improved outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when compared with Clopidogrel. We compared infarct size following treatment with Ticagrelor/Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel in the DANish trial in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DANAMI-3) population of STEMI patients treated with primary PCI. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients were loaded with Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor or Prasugrel in the ambulance before primary PCI. Infarct size and myocardial salvage index were calculated using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) during index admission and at three-month follow-up. Six-hundred-and-ninety-three patients were included in this analysis. Clopidogrel was given to 351 patients and Ticagrelor/Prasugrel to 342 patients. The groups were generally comparable in terms of baseline and procedural characteristics. Median infarct size at three-month follow-up was 12.9% vs 10.0%, in patients treated with Clopidogrel and Ticagrelor/ Prasugrel respectively (p < 0.001), and myocardial salvage index was 66% vs 71% (p < 0.001). Results remained significant in a multiple regression model (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Pre-hospital loading with Ticagrelor or Prasugrel compared to Clopidogrel, was associated with smaller infarct size and larger myocardial salvage index at three-month follow-up in patients with STEMI treated with primary PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sabbah
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lars Nepper-Christensen
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Køber
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan Eik Høfsten
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christoffer Göransson
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Kyhl
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Ali Ghotbi
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Malby Schoos
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Golnaz Sadjadieh
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Kelbæk
- Zealand University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jacob Lønborg
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Engstrøm
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Traverse JH, Swingen CM, Henry TD, Fox J, Wang YL, Chavez IJ, Lips DL, Lesser JR, Pedersen WR, Burke NM, Pai A, Lindberg JL, Garberich RF. NHLBI-Sponsored Randomized Trial of Postconditioning During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Circ Res 2019; 124:769-778. [PMID: 30602360 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Postconditioning at the time of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction may reduce infarct size and improve myocardial salvage. However, clinical trials have shown inconsistent benefit. OBJECTIVE We performed the first National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored trial of postconditioning in the United States using strict enrollment criteria to optimize the early benefits of postconditioning and assess its long-term effects on left ventricular (LV) function. METHODS AND RESULTS We randomized 122 ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients to postconditioning (4, 30 seconds PTCA [percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty] inflations/deflations)+PCI (n=65) versus routine PCI (n=57). All subjects had an occluded major epicardial artery (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction=0) with ischemic times between 1 and 6 hours with no evidence of preinfarction angina or collateral blood flow. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measured at 2 days post-PCI showed no difference between the postconditioning group and control in regards to infarct size (22.5±14.5 versus 24.0±18.5 g), myocardial salvage index (30.3±15.6% versus 31.5±23.6%), or mean LV ejection fraction. Magnetic resonance imaging at 12 months showed a significant recovery of LV ejection fraction in both groups (61.0±11.4% and 61.4±9.1%; P<0.01). Subjects randomized to postconditioning experienced more favorable remodeling over 1 year (LV end-diastolic volume =157±34 to 150±38 mL) compared with the control group (157±40 to 165±45 mL; P<0.03) and reduced microvascular obstruction ( P=0.05) on baseline magnetic resonance imaging and significantly less adverse LV remodeling compared with control subjects with microvascular obstruction ( P<0.05). No significant adverse events were associated with the postconditioning protocol and all patients but one (hemorrhagic stroke) survived through 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS We found no early benefit of postconditioning on infarct size, myocardial salvage index, and LV function compared with routine PCI. However, postconditioning was associated with improved LV remodeling at 1 year of follow-up, especially in subjects with microvascular obstruction. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01324453.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay H Traverse
- From the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T., T.D.H., J.F., Y.L.W., I.J.C., D.L.L., J.R.L., W.R.P., N.M.B., A.P., J.L.L., R.F.G.).,Cardiovascular Division, The University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (J.H.T., C.M.S.)
| | - Cory M Swingen
- Cardiovascular Division, The University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (J.H.T., C.M.S.)
| | - Timothy D Henry
- From the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T., T.D.H., J.F., Y.L.W., I.J.C., D.L.L., J.R.L., W.R.P., N.M.B., A.P., J.L.L., R.F.G.)
| | - Jane Fox
- From the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T., T.D.H., J.F., Y.L.W., I.J.C., D.L.L., J.R.L., W.R.P., N.M.B., A.P., J.L.L., R.F.G.)
| | - Yale L Wang
- From the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T., T.D.H., J.F., Y.L.W., I.J.C., D.L.L., J.R.L., W.R.P., N.M.B., A.P., J.L.L., R.F.G.)
| | - Ivan J Chavez
- From the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T., T.D.H., J.F., Y.L.W., I.J.C., D.L.L., J.R.L., W.R.P., N.M.B., A.P., J.L.L., R.F.G.)
| | - Daniel L Lips
- From the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T., T.D.H., J.F., Y.L.W., I.J.C., D.L.L., J.R.L., W.R.P., N.M.B., A.P., J.L.L., R.F.G.)
| | - John R Lesser
- From the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T., T.D.H., J.F., Y.L.W., I.J.C., D.L.L., J.R.L., W.R.P., N.M.B., A.P., J.L.L., R.F.G.)
| | - Wesley R Pedersen
- From the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T., T.D.H., J.F., Y.L.W., I.J.C., D.L.L., J.R.L., W.R.P., N.M.B., A.P., J.L.L., R.F.G.)
| | - Nicholas M Burke
- From the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T., T.D.H., J.F., Y.L.W., I.J.C., D.L.L., J.R.L., W.R.P., N.M.B., A.P., J.L.L., R.F.G.)
| | - Akila Pai
- From the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T., T.D.H., J.F., Y.L.W., I.J.C., D.L.L., J.R.L., W.R.P., N.M.B., A.P., J.L.L., R.F.G.)
| | - Jana L Lindberg
- From the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T., T.D.H., J.F., Y.L.W., I.J.C., D.L.L., J.R.L., W.R.P., N.M.B., A.P., J.L.L., R.F.G.)
| | - Ross F Garberich
- From the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T., T.D.H., J.F., Y.L.W., I.J.C., D.L.L., J.R.L., W.R.P., N.M.B., A.P., J.L.L., R.F.G.)
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14
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Early recruitment of coronary collateral circulation: impact in late presentation nonreperfused acute coronary occlusion. Coron Artery Dis 2019; 29:550-556. [PMID: 29965836 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Debate still remains on whether the presence of early recruited collateral circulation (ERCC) in the setting of an acute coronary occlusion (ACO) has a prognosis benefit. Some previous reports have shown lower mortality and morbidity rates in well-collateralized patients compared with those with poorly recruited collateral circulation (PCC), but others have not. In the primary angioplasty era, the role of collateral circulation in these studies may have been influenced by the effect of early reperfusion. The actual impact of ERCC in ACO can be clarified by studying its effect on nonreperfused patients. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the 1-year clinical outcome in nonreperfused late presentation ACO in a major coronary artery with ERCC versus PCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 2008 and 2015, we included 164 patients with a nonreperfused late presentation ACO. The patients were divided according to the presence of angiographic ERCC (Rentrop 2-3) or PCC (Rentrop 0-1). ERCC was present in 54% of patients. Patients with ERCC less often presented with cardiogenic shock (P=0.02) and the right coronary artery was the most frequent culprit vessel (P=0.02). The presence of PCC was associated independently with higher 1-year cardiovascular mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 6.92; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.37-34.7; P=0.019], 1-year total mortality (HR: 5.79; 95%CI: 1.95-17.1; P=0.001), and 1-year major adverse cardiac event (HR: 8.05; 95%CI: 1.73-37.4; P<0.01). CONCLUSION The presence of angiographically PCC in the setting of late presentation nonreperfused ACO is relatively infrequent (46%) and is associated with worse 1-year major clinical outcomes.
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15
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Influence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Comorbidities, Medication Use and Procedural Variables on Remote Ischemic Conditioning Efficacy in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133246. [PMID: 31269650 PMCID: PMC6650921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) confers cardioprotection in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Despite intense research, the translation of RIC into clinical practice remains a challenge. This may, at least partly, be due to confounding factors that may modify the efficacy of RIC. The present review focuses on cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, medication use and procedural variables which may modify the efficacy of RIC in patients with STEMI. Findings of such efficacy modifiers are based on subgroup and post-hoc analyses and thus hold risk of type I and II errors. Although findings from studies evaluating influencing factors are often ambiguous, some but not all studies suggest that smoking, non-statin use, infarct location, area-at-risk of infarction, pre-procedural Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow, ischemia duration and coronary collateral blood flow to the infarct-related artery may influence on the cardioprotective efficacy of RIC. Results from the on-going CONDI2/ERIC-PPCI trial will determine any clinical implications of RIC in the treatment of patients with STEMI and predefined subgroup analyses will give further insight into influencing factors on the efficacy of RIC.
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16
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Ghetti G, Bacchi Reggiani ML, Rosetti C, Battistini P, Lanati G, Di Dio MT, Corsini A, Bruno M, Della Riva D, Bruno AG, Compagnone M, Narducci R, Saia F, Rapezzi C, Taglieri N. Prodromal angina and risk of 2-year cardiac mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous intervention. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12332. [PMID: 30212983 PMCID: PMC6156056 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to investigate the prognostic significance of prodromal angina (PA) in unselected patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and its additive predictive value to the GRACE score.We prospectively enrolled 3015 consecutive STEMI patients undergoing PPCI. Patients were divided in 2 groups according to the presence or absence of PA. Multivariable Cox regression was used to establish the relation to 2-year cardiac mortality of PA.The mean age of the study population was 68 (±14) years; 2178 patients (72%) were male. During follow-up, 395 (13%) patients died with 278 of these (9.2%) suffering from cardiac mortality. Kaplan-Meier estimates showed a survival rate of 95% and 87% for patients with PA and no PA, respectively (log rank test < 0.001). After multivariable analysis, patients with PA had still a lower risk of 2 years' cardiac mortality compared with patients without PA (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.81, P = .001). Evaluation of net reclassification improvement showed that reclassification improved by 0.16% in case patients, whereas classification worsened in control patients by 1.08% leading to a net reclassification improvement of -0.93% (95% CI: -0.98, -0.88).In patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI the presence of PA is independently associated with a lower risk of 2-year cardiac mortality. However, the incorporation of this variable to the GRACE score slightly worsened the classification of risk. Accordingly, it seems unlikely that the evaluation of PA may be useful in clinical practice.
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Leak RK, Calabrese EJ, Kozumbo WJ, Gidday JM, Johnson TE, Mitchell JR, Ozaki CK, Wetzker R, Bast A, Belz RG, Bøtker HE, Koch S, Mattson MP, Simon RP, Jirtle RL, Andersen ME. Enhancing and Extending Biological Performance and Resilience. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818784501. [PMID: 30140178 PMCID: PMC6096685 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818784501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human performance, endurance, and resilience have biological limits that are genetically and epigenetically predetermined but perhaps not yet optimized. There are few systematic, rigorous studies on how to raise these limits and reach the true maxima. Achieving this goal might accelerate translation of the theoretical concepts of conditioning, hormesis, and stress adaptation into technological advancements. In 2017, an Air Force-sponsored conference was held at the University of Massachusetts for discipline experts to display data showing that the amplitude and duration of biological performance might be magnified and to discuss whether there might be harmful consequences of exceeding typical maxima. The charge of the workshop was "to examine and discuss and, if possible, recommend approaches to control and exploit endogenous defense mechanisms to enhance the structure and function of biological tissues." The goal of this white paper is to fulfill and extend this workshop charge. First, a few of the established methods to exploit endogenous defense mechanisms are described, based on workshop presentations. Next, the white paper accomplishes the following goals to provide: (1) synthesis and critical analysis of concepts across some of the published work on endogenous defenses, (2) generation of new ideas on augmenting biological performance and resilience, and (3) specific recommendations for researchers to not only examine a wider range of stimulus doses but to also systematically modify the temporal dimension in stimulus inputs (timing, number, frequency, and duration of exposures) and in measurement outputs (interval until assay end point, and lifespan). Thus, a path forward is proposed for researchers hoping to optimize protocols that support human health and longevity, whether in civilians, soldiers, athletes, or the elderly patients. The long-term goal of these specific recommendations is to accelerate the discovery of practical methods to conquer what were once considered intractable constraints on performance maxima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana K. Leak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edward J. Calabrese
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey M. Gidday
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Thomas E. Johnson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - James R. Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C. Keith Ozaki
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reinhard Wetzker
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Aalt Bast
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Regina G. Belz
- Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute, Agroecology Unit, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans E. Bøtker
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Koch
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Mark P. Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger P. Simon
- Departments of Medicine and Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Randy L. Jirtle
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Abstract
Rapid admission and acute interventional treatment combined with modern antithrombotic pharmacologic therapy have improved outcomes in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction. The next major target to further advance outcomes needs to address ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may contribute significantly to the final infarct size and hence mortality and postinfarction heart failure. Mechanical conditioning strategies including local and remote ischemic pre-, per-, and postconditioning have demonstrated consistent cardioprotective capacities in experimental models of acute ischemia-reperfusion injury. Their translation to the clinical scenario has been challenging. At present, the most promising mechanical protection strategy of the heart seems to be remote ischemic conditioning, which increases myocardial salvage beyond acute reperfusion therapy. An additional aspect that has gained recent focus is the potential of extended conditioning strategies to improve physical rehabilitation not only after an acute ischemia-reperfusion event such as acute myocardial infarction and cardiac surgery but also in patients with heart failure. Experimental and preliminary clinical evidence suggests that remote ischemic conditioning may modify cardiac remodeling and additionally enhance skeletal muscle strength therapy to prevent muscle waste, known as an inherent component of a postoperative period and in heart failure. Blood flow restriction exercise and enhanced external counterpulsation may represent cardioprotective corollaries. Combined with exercise, remote ischemic conditioning or, alternatively, blood flow restriction exercise may be of aid in optimizing physical rehabilitation in populations that are not able to perform exercise practice at intensity levels required to promote optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
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Hjortbak MV, Hjort J, Povlsen JA, Jensen RV, Støttrup NB, Laursen MR, Jespersen NR, Løfgren B, Bøtker HE. Influence of diabetes mellitus duration on the efficacy of ischemic preconditioning in a Zucker diabetic fatty rat model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192981. [PMID: 29474385 PMCID: PMC5825060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Augmented mortality and morbidity following an acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus Type 2 (T2DM) may be caused by increased sensitivity to ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury or altered activation of endogenous cardioprotective pathways modified by T2DM per se or ischemic preconditioning (IPC). We aimed to investigate, whether the duration of T2DM influences sensitivity against IR injury and the efficacy of IPC, and how myocardial glucose oxidation rate was involved. Male Zucker diabetic fatty rats (homozygote (fa/fa)) at ages 6-(prediabetic), 12- (onset diabetes) and 24-weeks of age (late diabetes) and their age-matched non-diabetic controls (heterozygote (fa/+) were subjected to IR injury in the Langendorff model and randomised to IPC stimulus or control. T2DM rats were endogenously protected at onset of diabetes, as infarct size was lower in 12-weeks T2DM animals than in 6- (35±2% vs 53±4%; P = 0.006) and 24-weeks animals (35±2% vs 72±4%; P<0.0001). IPC reduced infarct size in all groups irrespective of the presence of T2DM and its duration (32±3%; 20±2%; 36±4% respectively; (ANOVA P<0.0001). Compared to prediabetic rats, myocardial glucose oxidation rates were reduced during stabilisation and early reperfusion at onset of T2DM, but these animals retained the ability to increase oxidation rate in late reperfusion. Late diabetic rats had low glucose oxidation rates throughout stabilisation and reperfusion. Despite inherent differences in sensitivity to IR injury, the cardioprotective effect of IPC was preserved in our animal model of pre-, early and late stage T2DM and associated with adaptations to myocardial glucose oxidation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vognstoft Hjortbak
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. Aarhus N, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Johanne Hjort
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jonas Agerlund Povlsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Rebekka Vibjerg Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Mia R. Laursen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Nichlas Riise Jespersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Bo Løfgren
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. Aarhus N, Denmark
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20
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Cheng YF, Chang YT, Chen WH, Shih HC, Chen YH, Shyu BC, Chen CC. Cardioprotection induced in a mouse model of neuropathic pain via anterior nucleus of paraventricular thalamus. Nat Commun 2017; 8:826. [PMID: 29018188 PMCID: PMC5635036 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death worldwide. Restoration of blood flow rescues myocardium but also causes ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here, we show that in a mouse model of chronic neuropathic pain, ischemia-reperfusion injury following myocardial infarction is reduced, and this cardioprotection is induced via an anterior nucleus of paraventricular thalamus (PVA)-dependent parasympathetic pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in the PVA abolishes neuropathic pain-induced cardioprotection, whereas activation of PVA neurons pharmacologically, or optogenetic stimulation, is sufficient to induce cardioprotection. Furthermore, neuropathic injury and optogenetic stimulation of PVA neurons reduce the heart rate. These results suggest that the parasympathetic nerve is responsible for this unexpected cardioprotective effect of chronic neuropathic pain in mice. Various forms of preconditioning can prevent ischemic-reperfusion injury after myocardial infarction. Here, the authors show that in mice, the presence of chronic neuropathic pain can have a cardioprotective effect, and that this is dependent on neural activation in the paraventricular thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chien Shih
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Bai-Chuang Shyu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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Abstract
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a leading cause of death and morbidity, despite declining incidence and improved short-term outcome in many countries. Although mortality declines in developed countries with easy and fast access to optimized treatment, development of heart failure often remains a challenge in survivors and still approaches 10% at 1 year. Rapid admission and acute interventional treatment combined with modern antithrombotic pharmacologic therapy frequently establish complete reperfusion and acutely stabilize the patient, but the reperfusion itself adds further to the damage in the myocardium compromising the long-term outcome. Reperfusion injury is believed to be a significant-if not the dominant-contributor to the net injury resulting from STEMI and has become a major focus of research in recent years. Despite a plethora of pharmacological and mechanical interventions showing consistent reduction of reperfusion injury in experimental models, translation into a clinical setting has been challenging. In patients, attempts to modify reperfusion injury by pharmacological strategies have largely been unsuccessful, and focus is increasingly directed toward mechanical modalities. Remote ischemic conditioning of the heart is achieved by repeated brief interruption of the blood supply to a distant part of the body, most frequently the arm. At present, remote ischemic conditioning is the most promising adjuvant therapy to reduce reperfusion injury in patients with STEMI. In this review, we discuss the results of clinical trials investigating the effect of remote ischemic conditioning in patients admitted with STEMI and potential reasons for its apparent superiority to current pharmacologic adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
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22
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Lønborg J, Engstrøm T, Ahtarovski KA, Nepper-Christensen L, Helqvist S, Vejlstrup N, Kyhl K, Schoos MM, Ghotbi A, Göransson C, Bertelsen L, Holmvang L, Pedersen F, Jørgensen E, Saunamäki K, Clemmensen P, De Backer O, Kløvgaard L, Høfsten DE, Køber L, Kelbæk H. Myocardial Damage in Patients With Deferred Stenting After STEMI. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69:2794-2804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.03.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Pryds K, Bøttcher M, Sloth AD, Munk K, Rahbek Schmidt M, Bøtker HE. Influence of preinfarction angina and coronary collateral blood flow on the efficacy of remote ischaemic conditioning in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction: post hoc subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e013314. [PMID: 27884851 PMCID: PMC5168541 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) confers cardioprotection in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). We investigated whether preinfarction angina and coronary collateral blood flow (CCBF) to the infarct-related artery modify the efficacy of RIC. DESIGN Post hoc subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS A total of 139 patients with STEMI randomised to treatment with pPCI or RIC+pPCI. INTERVENTIONS RIC was performed prior to pPCI as four cycles of 5 min upper arm ischaemia and reperfusion with a blood pressure cuff. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Myocardial salvage index (MSI) assessed by single-photon emission computerised tomography. We evaluated the efficacy of RIC in subgroups of patients with or without preinfarction angina or CCBF. RESULTS Of 139 patients included in the study, 109 had available data for preinfarction angina status and 54 had preinfarction angina. Among 83 patients with Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow 0/1 on arrival, 43 had CCBF. Overall, RIC+pPCI increased median MSI compared with pPCI alone (0.75 vs 0.56, p=0.045). Mean MSI did not differ between patients with and without preinfarction angina in either the pPCI alone (0.58 and 0.57; 95% CI -0.17 to 0.19, p=0.94) or the RIC+pPCI group (0.66 and 0.69; 95% CI -0.18 to 0.10, p=0.58). Mean MSI did not differ between patients with and without CCBF in the pPCI alone group (0.51 and 0.55; 95% CI -0.20 to 0.13, p=0.64), but was increased in patients with CCBF versus without CCBF in the RIC+pPCI group (0.75 vs 0.58; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.31, p=0.02; effect modification from CCBF on the effect of RIC on MSI, p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS Preinfarction angina did not modify the efficacy of RIC in patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI. CCBF to the infarct-related artery seems to be of importance for the cardioprotective efficacy of RIC. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00435266, Post-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Pryds
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Bøttcher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Unit West, Herning, Denmark
| | - Astrid Drivsholm Sloth
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Munk
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
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Joost A, Stiermaier T, Eitel C, Fuernau G, de Waha S, Desch S, Thiele H, Eitel I. Impact of Initial Culprit Vessel Flow on Infarct Size, Microvascular Obstruction, and Myocardial Salvage in Acute Reperfused ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Am J Cardiol 2016; 118:1316-1322. [PMID: 27600465 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Data on the impact of initial Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow in the culprit coronary artery on myocardial damage after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are limited. Aim of this multicenter study was, therefore, to elucidate the impact of TIMI flow grade before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on infarct size (IS), myocardial salvage index (MSI), and microvascular obstruction (MVO) assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in patients with STEMI. We enrolled 738 patients with STEMI reperfused by primary PCI within 12 hours after symptom onset at 8 centers. Impaired coronary flow was defined as an initial coronary TIMI flow grade ≤1, whereas preserved coronary flow was defined as an initial coronary TIMI flow grade ≥2. CMR was performed in median 3 days (interquartile range 2 to 4 days) after infarction using a standardized infarction protocol. IS, MVO, and MSI were determined in central core laboratory-masked analyses. The primary clinical end point of the study was the time to major adverse cardiac events defined as death, reinfarction, and new onset of heart failure within 12 months after infarction. TIMI flow ≤1 before PCI was present in 507 patients (68.7%) and was significantly associated with larger IS (19% left ventricular [LV] vs 9% LV; p <0.001), less MSI (0.46 vs 0.65; p <0.001), reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (49% vs 55%; p <0.001), and a higher extent of MVO (0.6% LV vs 0.0% LV; p <0.001). Moreover, TIMI flow before PCI was identified as an independent predictor of IS, MVO, and MSI. However, there were no significant differences in major adverse cardiac event rates between groups (6.1% vs 7.5%; p = 0.48). In conclusion, TIMI flow pre-PCI is reversely associated with myocardial injury and is an independent predictor of myocardial damage assessed by CMR.
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25
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El Missiri A, Nammas W. Impact of pre-infarction angina on angiographic and echocardiographic outcomes in patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction managed by primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Egypt Heart J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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26
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Gohbara M, Iwahashi N, Akiyama E, Maejima N, Tsukahara K, Hibi K, Kosuge M, Ebina T, Umemura S, Kimura K. Association between epicardial adipose tissue volume and myocardial salvage in patients with a first ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: An epicardial adipose tissue paradox. J Cardiol 2016; 68:399-405. [PMID: 27004962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), defined as the adipose tissue between the visceral pericardium and the outer margin of the myocardium, is associated with coronary artery disease in the general population. However, the clinical implications of EAT in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remain unclear. METHODS A total of 142 patients with a first STEMI, who received reperfusion therapy within 12h from symptom onset, were enrolled. All patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate infarct core (Core), area at risk (AAR), and EAT volume. Myocardial salvage index (MSI) was defined as AAR minus Core divided by AAR. Patients in the lower tertile of EAT volume were classified as the low EAT group (group L) and the other two-thirds as the high EAT group (group H). RESULTS The mean MSI was lower in group L than in group H (0.43±0.13 vs 0.49±0.13, p=0.01), and the mean extent of Core was higher in group L than in group H (25±10% vs 19±10%, p<0.01). Multivariate linear regression analysis including coronary risk factors and previously reported predictors of infarct size demonstrated that EAT volume was an independent predictor of MSI (β coefficient=0.002 per 1mL, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS A lower EAT volume is associated with less myocardial salvage and larger infarct size in patients with a first STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaomi Gohbara
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriaki Iwahashi
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Eiichi Akiyama
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Maejima
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kengo Tsukahara
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hibi
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masami Kosuge
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ebina
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Umemura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kimura
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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27
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Bogaert J, Eitel I. Role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in acute coronary syndrome. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2016; 2015:24. [PMID: 26779508 PMCID: PMC4614331 DOI: 10.5339/gcsp.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bogaert
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingo Eitel
- University Heart Center Lübeck, Medical Clinic II (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive care medicine), Lübeck, Germany
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28
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Kim EK, Choi JH, Song YB, Hahn JY, Chang SA, Park SJ, Lee SC, Choi SH, Choe YH, Park SW, Gwon HC. A protective role of early collateral blood flow in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 2016; 171:56-63. [PMID: 26699601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Conflict persists regarding whether the presence of early collateral blood flow to the infarct-related artery has an effective role in reducing infarct size and improving myocardial salvage in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We sought to investigate the impact of the collateral circulation on myocardial salvage and infarct size in STEMI patients. METHODS In 306 patients who were diagnosed with STEMI and underwent cardiac magnetic resonance within 1 week after revascularization, initial collateral flow to the infarct-related artery was assessed by coronary angiography. Using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, myocardial infarct size and salvage were measured. RESULTS Among 247 patients with preprocedural Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow 0/1, 54 (22%) patients had good collaterals (Rentrop grade ≥ 2, Collateral Connection Score ≥ 2). Infarct size and area at risk were significantly smaller in patients with good collaterals than those with poor collaterals (infarct size: 17.1 ± 10.1 %LV vs 21.8 ± 10.5 %LV, P = .003, area at risk: 33.8 ± 16.8 %LV vs 38.8 ± 15.5 %LV, P = .039). There was a significant difference of myocardial salvage index between 2 groups (50.9% ± 15.0% vs 43.8% ± 18.5%, P = .005). Poor collateralization was an independent predictor for large infarct size (odd ratio 2.48 [1.28-4.80], P = .007). CONCLUSIONS In patients with STEMI, the presence of well-developed collaterals to occluded coronary artery from the noninfarct vessel and its extent were independently associated with reduced infarct burden and improved myocardial salvage. Our results help explain why MI patients with well-developed collateralization have reduced mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyoung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Bin Song
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yong Hahn
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-A Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ji Park
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chol Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyuk Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hyeon Choe
- Division of Radiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Park
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Valuckiene Z, Budrys P, Jurkevicius R. Predicting ischemic mitral regurgitation in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: Does time to reperfusion really matter and what is the role of collateral circulation? Int J Cardiol 2015; 203:667-71. [PMID: 26580352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) is an adverse prognostic factor. We aimed to assess the role of time delay from symptom onset to reperfusion, and the impact of collateral circulation to incidence of MR in relation to established echocardiographic and clinical risk factors. METHODS Patients with STEMI presenting within 12 h from symptom onset and treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) at Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences were enrolled. Echocardiography was performed after PPCI. Based on MR grade, patients were divided into no significant MR (NMR, grade 0-I MR, N = 102) and ischemic MR (IMR, grade ≥ 2 MR, N = 71) groups. Well-developed collaterals were defined as grade ≥ 2 by Rentrop classification. Continuous variables were compared by independent samples Student's T-test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of ischemic MR. RESULTS Time to reperfusion, MI localization, TIMI flow before/after PCI was similar between the groups. IMR group patients were elder, more often females and non-smokers, had lower body mass index, higher prevalence of multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD), better-developed collateral supply, greater left ventricular end-diastolic diameter index, left atrial index, pulmonary artery systolic pressure and lower ejection fraction. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that ischemic MR is predicted by female gender, well-developed collateral supply, presence of multi-vessel CAD, and lower EF. CONCLUSION In acute STEMI significant MR is unrelated to ischemic time and is predicted by female gender, lower EF, multi-vessel CAD and well-developed collateral supply to the infarct region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zivile Valuckiene
- Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania.
| | - Povilas Budrys
- Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
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30
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Misumida N, Kobayashi A, Saeed M, Fox JT, Kanei Y. Association Between Preinfarction Angina and Angiographic Findings in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Clin Cardiol 2015; 38:535-41. [PMID: 26418633 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between preinfarction angina and angiographic findings has not been elucidated in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). HYPOTHESIS Patients with preinfarction angina have favorable angiographic findings. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed 481 patients who underwent coronary angiography within 5 days of presenting NSTEMI. Preinfarction angina was defined as experiencing ≥1 chest-pain episode within 7 days prior to admission. Infarct size was measured as the peak cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level, and large myocardial infarction (MI) was defined as a peak cTnI level >85th percentile value in the study population. Infarct-related artery (IRA) patency was defined as Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction grade 2 or 3 flow. Clinical and angiographic characteristics and in-hospital mortality were compared between patients with and without preinfarction angina. RESULTS Among 481 patients, 200 (42%) had preinfarction angina. Preinfarction angina was associated with smaller infarct size, indicated by lower peak cTnI levels (P = 0.006) and lower incidence of large MI (P = 0.02), and IRA patency (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality. On multivariate analysis, both preinfarction angina (odds ratio: 0.53, 95% confidence interval: 0.29-0.94, P = 0.03) and IRA patency (odds ratio: 0.30, 95% confidence interval: 0.17-0.52, P < 0.001) were independent negative predictors of large MI. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that preinfarction angina is a predictor of smaller infarct size and infarct-related artery patency in NSTEMI patients, suggesting that NSTEMI patients presenting without preinfarction angina are at increased risk of developing a large MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Misumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York
| | - Akihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York
| | - Madeeha Saeed
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York
| | - John T Fox
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York
| | - Yumiko Kanei
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York
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31
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Irving J. CTO pathophysiology: how does this affect management? Curr Cardiol Rev 2015; 10:99-107. [PMID: 24694103 PMCID: PMC4021289 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x10666140331142349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic total occlusion (CTO)
pathophysiology has been described in a few, small studies using post mortem
histology, and more recently, in vivo intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to
analyse the constituents of occluded segments. Recent improvements in equipment
and techniques have revealed new insights into physical characteristics of
occluded coronaries, which in turn enable predictable procedural success. The
purpose of this review is to consider the published evidence describing CTO
pathophysiology from the perspective of the hybrid algorithm approach to CTO
PCI. Methods: Literature
searches using “Chronic Occlusion”, “angioplasty”, and” pathology” as keywords.
Further searches on “coronary” “collateral”, “Viability”. Bibliographies were
scrutinised for further key publications in an iterative process. Papers
describing animal models were excluded.
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32
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Lønborg JT. Targeting reperfusion injury in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention: hope or hype? Heart 2015; 101:1612-8. [PMID: 26130664 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-307804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction of reperfusion therapy by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has resulted in improved outcomes for patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Despite the obvious advantages of primary PCI, acute restoration of blood flow paradoxically also jeopardises the myocardium in the first minutes of reperfusion-a phenomenon known as reperfusion injury. Prevention of reperfusion injury may help to improve outcome following primary PCI. This review focuses on the clinical evidence of potential therapeutic cardioprotective methods as adjuvant to primary PCI. Despite overall disappointing, there exists some promising strategies, including ischaemic postconditioning, remote ischaemic conditioning, pharmacological conditioning with focus on adenosine, cyclosporine A, glucose-insulin-potassium, exenatide, atrial natriuretic peptide and metoprolol and cooling. But hitherto no large randomised study has demonstrated any effect on outcome, and ongoing studies that address this issue are underway. Moreover, this review will discuss important clinical predictors associated with reperfusion injury during primary PCI that may interfere with a potential protective effect (pre-PCI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow, preinfarction angina, collateral flow, duration of ischaemia and hyperglycaemia). This paper will also provide a short overview of the technical issues related to surrogate endpoints in phase II trials. Based upon these discussions, the paper will provide factors that should be taken into account when designing future clinical studies.
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Lønborg J, Vejlstrup N, Kelbæk H, Nepper-Christensen L, Jørgensen E, Helqvist S, Holmvang L, Saunamäki K, Bøtker HE, Kim WY, Clemmensen P, Treiman M, Engstrøm T. Impact of acute hyperglycemia on myocardial infarct size, area at risk, and salvage in patients with STEMI and the association with exenatide treatment: results from a randomized study. Diabetes 2014; 63:2474-85. [PMID: 24584550 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia upon hospital admission in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) occurs frequently and is associated with adverse outcomes. It is, however, unsettled as to whether an elevated blood glucose level is the cause or consequence of increased myocardial damage. In addition, whether the cardioprotective effect of exenatide, a glucose-lowering drug, is dependent on hyperglycemia remains unknown. The objectives of this substudy were to evaluate the association between hyperglycemia and infarct size, myocardial salvage, and area at risk, and to assess the interaction between exenatide and hyperglycemia. A total of 210 STEMI patients were randomized to receive intravenous exenatide or placebo before percutaneous coronary intervention. Hyperglycemia was associated with larger area at risk and infarct size compared with patients with normoglycemia, but the salvage index and infarct size adjusting for area at risk did not differ between the groups. Treatment with exenatide resulted in increased salvage index both among patients with normoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Thus, we conclude that the association between hyperglycemia upon hospital admission and infarct size in STEMI patients is a consequence of a larger myocardial area at risk but not of a reduction in myocardial salvage. Also, cardioprotection by exenatide treatment is independent of glucose levels at hospital admission. Thus, hyperglycemia does not influence the effect of the reperfusion treatment but rather represents a surrogate marker for the severity of risk and injury to the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Lønborg
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Vejlstrup
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Kelbæk
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Nepper-Christensen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Jørgensen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Helqvist
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Holmvang
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kari Saunamäki
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Won Yong Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Peter Clemmensen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marek Treiman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and The Danish National Foundation Research Centre for Heart Arrhythmia, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Engstrøm
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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34
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Fakhri Y, Schoos MM, Clemmensen P, Sejersten M. Clinical use of the combined Sclarovsky Birnbaum Severity and Anderson Wilkins Acuteness scores from the pre-hospital ECG in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Electrocardiol 2014; 47:566-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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35
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Lykasova EA, Todosiychuk VV, Kuznetsov VA, Yurkina YA. PREINFARCTION ANGINA AS A CLINICAL FORM OF THE ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING PHENOMENON. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2014. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2014-3-58-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Brief episodes of myocardial ischemia initiate a cascade of endogenous mechanisms which protect the heart during further ischemic attack. This phenomenon is called an ischemic preconditioning. Preinfarction angina is a clinical model of this phenomenon. Clinical studies have demonstrated that preinfarction angina is associated with: lower incidence of cardiogenic shock, pulmonary edema, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, reduced infarct size, less severe left ventricular dysfunction, better results of thrombolytic therapy, less severe myocardial reperfusion injury, better hospital and long-term prognosis. There is evidence that elderly age, presence of diabetes mellitus, left ventricular hypertrophy and hypercholesterolemia do reduce the cardioprotective effect of preinfarction angina. Preinfarction angina may be an additional criterion of risk stratification in myocardial infarction patients. This review summarizes data from the literature on the most important aspects of preinfarction angina.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Lykasova
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology “Tyumen Cardiology Centre”. Tyumen, Russia
| | - V. V. Todosiychuk
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology “Tyumen Cardiology Centre”. Tyumen, Russia
| | - V. A. Kuznetsov
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology “Tyumen Cardiology Centre”. Tyumen, Russia
| | - Y. A. Yurkina
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology “Tyumen Cardiology Centre”. Tyumen, Russia
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36
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McAlindon E, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Suleiman MS, Baumbach A. Infarct size reduction in acute myocardial infarction. Heart 2014; 101:155-60. [PMID: 24829367 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E McAlindon
- NIHR Bristol Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, UK
| | - C Bucciarelli-Ducci
- NIHR Bristol Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, UK
| | - M S Suleiman
- NIHR Bristol Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, UK
| | - A Baumbach
- NIHR Bristol Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, UK
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37
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Zorzi A, Perazzolo Marra M, Migliore F, Tarantini G, Iliceto S, Corrado D. Interpretation of acute myocardial infarction with persistent 'hyperacute T waves' by cardiac magnetic resonance. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2013; 1:344-8. [PMID: 24062926 DOI: 10.1177/2048872612466537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Peaked and tall T waves represent a hyperacute electrocardiogram (ECG) manifestation of coronary artery occlusion which usually evolves into ST-segment elevation. We sought to investigate using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) the myocardial tissue changes underlying an atypical ECG pattern of presentation of left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion consisting of persistent hyperacute T waves and mild ST-segment depression. This ECG pattern is often associated with the presence of collateral circulation, which may modulate myocyte action potential changes in response to ischemia and prevent the appearance of ST-segment elevation. However, CMR findings resembled those of typical anterior myocardial infarction with nearly transmural necrosis in the large myocardial area supplied by LAD. Accordingly, persistent hyperacute T waves should be regarded as an equivalent to ST-segment elevation and immediate reperfusion therapy should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Zorzi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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38
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Limalanathan S, Eritsland J, Andersen GØ, Kløw NE, Abdelnoor M, Hoffmann P. Myocardial salvage is reduced in primary PCI-treated STEMI patients with microvascular obstruction, demonstrated by early and late CMR. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71780. [PMID: 23977143 PMCID: PMC3747268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluates the association between microvascular obstruction and myocardial salvage, determined by cardiac magnetic resonance performed both in the acute stage of myocardial infarction and after 4 months. Methods In patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention, myocardial salvage, infarct size, left ventricular volumes, and ejection fraction were assessed by early (1–4 days) and follow-up (4 months) cardiac magnetic resonance. These variables were related to the presence or absence of microvascular obstruction at early investigation. Myocardial salvage was determined by: (1) myocardium at risk and infarct size measured in the acute stage and (2) myocardium at risk, measured acutely, and infarct size measured after 4 months. Multivariate analyses were performed, adjusting for clinical confounders at baseline. Results Microvascular obstruction was present in 49 of 94 included patients, (52%). Myocardial salvage was significantly reduced in patients with microvascular obstruction, compared to those without: 23% vs. 38%, measured acutely, and 39.8% vs. 65.4%, after 4 months (p<0.001). The presence of microvascular obstruction was significantly and independently associated with large infarct size, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, and larger left ventricular end-systolic volume. Conclusion The presence of microvascular obstruction demonstrated by cardiac magnetic resonance early after infarction was associated with impaired myocardial salvage. This association was more marked when based on measurement of infarct size after 4 months compared to assessment in the acute stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmuganathan Limalanathan
- Department of Cardiology Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Jan Eritsland
- Department of Cardiology Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Øystein Andersen
- Department of Cardiology Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Norway
- Center for Clinical Heart Research University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils-Einar Kløw
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Abdelnoor
- Center for Clinical Research, Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pavel Hoffmann
- Department of Cardiology Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
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39
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Search and rescue helicopter-assisted transfer of ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients from an island in the Baltic Sea: results from over 100 rescue missions. Emerg Med J 2013; 31:920-5. [DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2013-202771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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40
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Masci PG, Andreini D, Francone M, Bertella E, De Luca L, Coceani M, Mushtaq S, Mariani M, Carbone I, Pontone G, Agati L, Bogaert J, Lombardi M. Prodromal angina is associated with myocardial salvage in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 14:1041-8. [PMID: 23793878 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jet063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies have shown that prodromal angina (PA) occurs frequently in acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients. However, the potential benefits of PA on ischaemic myocardial damage remain unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS One-hundred and fifty-four patients with acute ST-segment elevation MI successfully treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) were prospectively evaluated for new-onset PA in the week preceding infarction and other factors known to influence myocardial salvage. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance was performed 8 ± 3 days after MI for the assessment of area-at-risk (AAR), MI size, myocardial haemorrhage (MH), microvascular obstruction (MO), and myocardial salvage index (MSI). Patients with PA (n = 60) compared with those without PA (n = 94) showed similar AAR but significantly smaller MI size leading to larger MSI (0.53 ± 0.27 vs. 0.32 ± 0.26, P < 0.001). Additionally, patients with PA had lower incidence of MH (18 vs. 33%) and MO (22 vs. 46%) than non-PA patients (both P < 0.05). At univariate analysis, higher MSI was associated with new-onset PA, lower myocardial oxygen consumption before PPCI, shorter time-to-PPCI, and higher post-procedural TIMI flow-grade. Neither collateral circulation nor medications administered before PPCI were associated to MSI. After correction for other covariates by multivariate analysis, new-onset PA remained significantly associated with MSI (β-value: 0.352, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In acute MI patients, new-onset PA is associated with higher MSI independent of others factors known to influence jeopardized myocardium, as well as with less microvascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Giorgio Masci
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana 'G. Monasterio', Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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41
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Eitel I, Thiele H. Cardioprotection by pre-infarct angina: training the heart to enhance myocardial salvage. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 14:1115-6. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jet093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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42
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Edvardsen T, Plein S, Saraste A, Knuuti J, Maurer G, Lancellotti P. The year 2012 in the European Heart Journal-Cardiovascular Imaging: Part I. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 14:509-14. [PMID: 23671232 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jet069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The new multi-modality cardiovascular imaging journal, European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging, was started in 2012. During its first year, the new Journal has published an impressive collection of cardiovascular studies utilizing all cardiovascular imaging modalities. We will summarize the most important studies from its first year in two articles. The present 'Part I' of the review will focus on studies in myocardial function, myocardial ischaemia, and emerging techniques in cardiovascular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor Edvardsen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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43
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Gökdeniz T, Boyacı F, Hatem E, Aslan AO, Aykan AÇ, Gül İ, Turan T, Kalaycıoğlu E, Çelik Ş. SYNTAX Score Predicts the Left Ventricle Thrombus Development in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for First Anterior Myocardial Infarction. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2013; 20:698-705. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029613478158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between left ventricular thrombus (LVT) developments and the SYNTAX score (SS) in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for first anterior wall ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: We enrolled 160 patients. All participants were evaluated by serial transthoracic echocardiography. Baseline clinical, echocardiographic, and procedural features of PPCI were analyzed to find predictors of LVT development. Results: The LVT was detected in 32 (20%) patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and SS-I were found to be independent predictors of LVT development. Receiver–operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a cutoff value >19.5 for SS-I (area under the curve: 0.697, 95% confidence interval 0.620-0.767, P < .001) with a specificity of 45.3% and a sensitivity of 84.3%. Conclusion: High SS which was obtained through diagnostic angiogram of PPCI may be associated with LVT development in patients with first anterior wall STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyar Gökdeniz
- Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evren Chest and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Faruk Boyacı
- Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evren Chest and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Engin Hatem
- Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evren Chest and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Oguz Aslan
- Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evren Chest and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Çağrı Aykan
- Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evren Chest and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - İlker Gül
- Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evren Chest and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Turhan Turan
- Department of Cardiology, Akçabat State Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Kalaycıoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evren Chest and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Çelik
- Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evren Chest and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
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44
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Schoos MM, Lønborg J, Vejlstrup N, Engstrøm T, Bang L, Kelbæk H, Clemmensen P, Sejersten M. A Novel Prehospital Electrocardiogram Score Predicts Myocardial Salvage in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Evaluated by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. Cardiology 2013; 126:97-106. [DOI: 10.1159/000351226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Lønborg J, Schoos MM, Kelbæk H, Holmvang L, Steinmetz J, Vejlstrup N, Jørgensen E, Helqvist S, Saunamäki K, Bøtker HE, Kim WY, Terkelsen CJ, Clemmensen P, Engstrøm T. Impact of system delay on infarct size, myocardial salvage index, and left ventricular function in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 2012; 164:538-46. [PMID: 23067912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between reperfusion delay and myocardial damage has previously been assessed by evaluation of the duration from symptom onset to invasive treatment, but results have been conflicting. System delay defined as the duration from first medical contact to first balloon dilatation is less prone to bias and is also modifiable. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of system delay on myocardial salvage index (MSI) and infarct size in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS In patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, MSI and final infarct size were assessed using cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Myocardial area at risk was measured within 1 to 7 days, and final infarct size was measured 90 ± 21 days after intervention. Patients were grouped according to system delay (0 to 120, 121 to 180, and >180 minutes). RESULTS In 219 patients, shorter system delay was associated with a smaller infarct size (8% [interquartile range 4-12%], 10% [6-16%], and 13% [8-17%]; P < .001) and larger MSI (0.77 [interquartile range 0.66-0.86], 0.72 [0.59-0.80], and 0.68 [0.64-0.72]; P = .005) for a system delay of up to 120, 121 to 180, and >180 minutes, respectively. A short system delay as a continuous variable independently predicted a smaller infarct size (r = 0.30, P < .001) and larger MSI (r = -0.25, P < .001) in multivariable linear regression analyses. Finally, shorter system delay (0-120 minutes) was associated with improved function (P = .019) and volumes of left ventricle (P = .022). CONCLUSIONS A shorter system delay resulted in smaller infarct size, larger MSI, and improved LV function in patients treated with primary PCI. Thus, this study confirms that minimizing system delay is crucial for primary PCI-related benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Lønborg
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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