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Fuentes P, Pelletier J, Gentilella A. Decoding ribosome complexity: role of ribosomal proteins in cancer and disease. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae032. [PMID: 39045153 PMCID: PMC11263879 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The ribosome is a remarkably complex machinery, at the interface with diverse cellular functions and processes. Evolutionarily conserved, yet intricately regulated, ribosomes play pivotal roles in decoding genetic information into the synthesis of proteins and in the generation of biomass critical for cellular physiological functions. Recent insights have revealed the existence of ribosome heterogeneity at multiple levels. Such heterogeneity extends to cancer, where aberrant ribosome biogenesis and function contribute to oncogenesis. This led to the emergence of the concept of 'onco-ribosomes', specific ribosomal variants with altered structural dynamics, contributing to cancer initiation and progression. Ribosomal proteins (RPs) are involved in many of these alterations, acting as critical factors for the translational reprogramming of cancer cells. In this review article, we highlight the roles of RPs in ribosome biogenesis, how mutations in RPs and their paralogues reshape the translational landscape, driving clonal evolution and therapeutic resistance. Furthermore, we present recent evidence providing new insights into post-translational modifications of RPs, such as ubiquitylation, UFMylation and phosphorylation, and how they regulate ribosome recycling, translational fidelity and cellular stress responses. Understanding the intricate interplay between ribosome complexity, heterogeneity and RP-mediated regulatory mechanisms in pathology offers profound insights into cancer biology and unveils novel therapeutic avenues targeting the translational machinery in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Fuentes
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llpbregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joffrey Pelletier
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llpbregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08908, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Gentilella
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llpbregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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El Hajji S, Shiga Y, Belforte N, Solorio YC, Tastet O, D’Onofrio P, Dotigny F, Prat A, Arbour N, Fortune B, Di Polo A. Insulin restores retinal ganglion cell functional connectivity and promotes visual recovery in glaucoma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl5722. [PMID: 39110798 PMCID: PMC11305393 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl5722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Dendrite pathology and synaptic loss result in neural circuit dysfunction, a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases. There is a lack of strategies that target dendritic and synaptic regeneration to promote neurorecovery. We show that daily human recombinant insulin eye drops stimulate retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dendrite and synapse regeneration during ocular hypertension, a risk factor to develop glaucoma. We demonstrate that the ribosomal protein p70S6 kinase (S6K) is essential for insulin-dependent dendritic regrowth. Furthermore, S6K phosphorylation of the stress-activated protein kinase-interacting protein 1 (SIN1), a link between the mammalian target of rapamycin complexes 1 and 2 (mTORC1/2), is required for insulin-induced dendritic regeneration. Using two-photon microscopy live retinal imaging, we show that insulin rescues single-RGC light-evoked calcium (Ca2+) dynamics. We further demonstrate that insulin enhances neuronal survival and retina-brain connectivity leading to improved optomotor reflex-elicited behaviors. Our data support that insulin is a compelling pro-regenerative strategy with potential clinical implications for the treatment and management of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana El Hajji
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Belforte
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Carpentier Solorio
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe D’Onofrio
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florence Dotigny
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brad Fortune
- Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories, Devers Eye Institute and Legacy Research Institute, Legacy Health, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Adriana Di Polo
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Bhin J, Yemelyanenko J, Chao X, Klarenbeek S, Opdam M, Malka Y, Hoekman L, Kruger D, Bleijerveld O, Brambillasca CS, Sprengers J, Siteur B, Annunziato S, van Haren MJ, Martin NI, van de Ven M, Peters D, Agami R, Linn SC, Boven E, Altelaar M, Jonkers J, Zingg D, Wessels LF. MYC is a clinically significant driver of mTOR inhibitor resistance in breast cancer. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20211743. [PMID: 37642941 PMCID: PMC10465700 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment. However, low response rates and development of resistance to PI3K-AKT-mTOR inhibitors remain major clinical challenges. Here, we show that MYC activation drives resistance to mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) in breast cancer. Multiomic profiling of mouse invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) tumors revealed recurrent Myc amplifications in tumors that acquired resistance to the mTORi AZD8055. MYC activation was associated with biological processes linked to mTORi response and counteracted mTORi-induced translation inhibition by promoting translation of ribosomal proteins. In vitro and in vivo induction of MYC conferred mTORi resistance in mouse and human breast cancer models. Conversely, AZD8055-resistant ILC cells depended on MYC, as demonstrated by the synergistic effects of mTORi and MYCi combination treatment. Notably, MYC status was significantly associated with poor response to everolimus therapy in metastatic breast cancer patients. Thus, MYC is a clinically relevant driver of mTORi resistance that may stratify breast cancer patients for mTOR-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyuk Bhin
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical System Informatics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Julia Yemelyanenko
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Xue Chao
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Experimental Animal Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mark Opdam
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yuval Malka
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Hoekman
- Proteomics Facility, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dinja Kruger
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam/Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Onno Bleijerveld
- Proteomics Facility, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chiara S. Brambillasca
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Justin Sprengers
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bjørn Siteur
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stefano Annunziato
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs J. van Haren
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I. Martin
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dennis Peters
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology and Biobanking, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reuven Agami
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabine C. Linn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Epie Boven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam/Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Proteomics Facility, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Zingg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk F.A. Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
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4
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Jiang J, Zhang L, Zou J, Liu J, Yang J, Jiang Q, Duan P, Jiang B. Phosphorylated S6K1 and 4E-BP1 play different roles in constitutively active Rheb-mediated retinal ganglion cell survival and axon regeneration after optic nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2526-2534. [PMID: 37282486 PMCID: PMC10360084 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.371372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb) is a small GTPase that activates mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Previous studies have shown that constitutively active Rheb can enhance the regeneration of sensory axons after spinal cord injury by activating downstream effectors of mTOR. S6K1 and 4E-BP1 are important downstream effectors of mTORC1. In this study, we investigated the role of Rheb/mTOR and its downstream effectors S6K1 and 4E-BP1 in the protection of retinal ganglion cells. We transfected an optic nerve crush mouse model with adeno-associated viral 2-mediated constitutively active Rheb and observed the effects on retinal ganglion cell survival and axon regeneration. We found that overexpression of constitutively active Rheb promoted survival of retinal ganglion cells in the acute (14 days) and chronic (21 and 42 days) stages of injury. We also found that either co-expression of the dominant-negative S6K1 mutant or the constitutively active 4E-BP1 mutant together with constitutively active Rheb markedly inhibited axon regeneration of retinal ganglion cells. This suggests that mTORC1-mediated S6K1 activation and 4E-BP1 inhibition were necessary components for constitutively active Rheb-induced axon regeneration. However, only S6K1 activation, but not 4E-BP1 knockdown, induced axon regeneration when applied alone. Furthermore, S6K1 activation promoted the survival of retinal ganglion cells at 14 days post-injury, whereas 4E-BP1 knockdown unexpectedly slightly decreased the survival of retinal ganglion cells at 14 days post-injury. Overexpression of constitutively active 4E-BP1 increased the survival of retinal ganglion cells at 14 days post-injury. Likewise, co-expressing constitutively active Rheb and constitutively active 4E-BP1 markedly increased the survival of retinal ganglion cells compared with overexpression of constitutively active Rheb alone at 14 days post-injury. These findings indicate that functional 4E-BP1 and S6K1 are neuroprotective and that 4E-BP1 may exert protective effects through a pathway at least partially independent of Rheb/mTOR. Together, our results show that constitutively active Rheb promotes the survival of retinal ganglion cells and axon regeneration through modulating S6K1 and 4E-BP1 activity. Phosphorylated S6K1 and 4E-BP1 promote axon regeneration but play an antagonistic role in the survival of retinal ganglion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikuan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lusi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jingling Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Peiyun Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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5
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Grossi I, Marchina E, De Petro G, Salvi A. The Biological Role and Translational Implications of the Long Non-Coding RNA GAS5 in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3318. [PMID: 37444428 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The lncRNA GAS5 plays a significant role in tumorigenicity and progression of breast cancer (BC). In this review, we first summarize the role of GAS5 in cell biology, focusing on its expression data in human normal tissues. We present data on GAS5 expression in human BC tissues, highlighting its downregulation in all major BC classes. The main findings regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying GAS5 dysregulation are discussed, including DNA hypermethylation of the CpG island located in the promoter region of the gene. We focused on the action of GAS5 as a miRNA sponge, which is able to sequester microRNAs and modulate the expression levels of their mRNA targets, particularly those involved in cell invasion, apoptosis, and drug response. In the second part, we highlight the translational implications of GAS5 in BC. We discuss the current knowledge on the role of GAS5 as candidate prognostic factor, a responsive molecular therapeutic target, and a circulating biomarker in liquid biopsies with clinical importance in BC. The findings position GAS5 as a promising druggable biomolecule and stimulate the development of strategies to restore its expression levels for novel therapeutic approaches that could benefit BC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Grossi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marchina
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Petro
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Salvi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Mannick JB, Lamming DW. Targeting the biology of aging with mTOR inhibitors. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:642-660. [PMID: 37142830 PMCID: PMC10330278 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the protein kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapeutic rapamycin promotes health and longevity in diverse model organisms. More recently, specific inhibition of mTORC1 to treat aging-related conditions has become the goal of basic and translational scientists, clinicians and biotechnology companies. Here, we review the effects of rapamycin on the longevity and survival of both wild-type mice and mouse models of human diseases. We discuss recent clinical trials that have explored whether existing mTOR inhibitors can safely prevent, delay or treat multiple diseases of aging. Finally, we discuss how new molecules may provide routes to the safer and more selective inhibition of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) in the decade ahead. We conclude by discussing what work remains to be done and the questions that will need to be addressed to make mTOR inhibitors part of the standard of care for diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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7
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Chaillou T, Montiel-Rojas D. Does the blunted stimulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis by aging in response to mechanical load result from impaired ribosome biogenesis? FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1171850. [PMID: 37256189 PMCID: PMC10225510 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1171850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass leads to a reduction of strength. It is likely due to an inadequate stimulation of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in response to anabolic stimuli, such as mechanical load. Ribosome biogenesis is a major determinant of translational capacity and is essential for the control of muscle mass. This mini-review aims to put forth the hypothesis that ribosome biogenesis is impaired by aging in response to mechanical load, which could contribute to the age-related anabolic resistance and progressive muscle atrophy. Recent animal studies indicate that aging impedes muscle hypertrophic response to mechanical overload. This is associated with an impaired transcription of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) by RNA polymerase I (Pol I), a limited increase in total RNA concentration, a blunted activation of AKT/mTOR pathway, and an increased phosphorylation of AMPK. In contrast, an age-mediated impairment of ribosome biogenesis is unlikely in response to electrical stimulations. In human, the hypertrophic response to resistance exercise training is diminished with age. This is accompanied by a deficit in long-term MPS and an absence of increased total RNA concentration. The results addressing the acute response to resistance exercise suggest an impaired Pol I-mediated rDNA transcription and attenuated activation/expression of several upstream regulators of ribosome biogenesis in muscles from aged individuals. Altogether, emerging evidence indicates that impaired ribosome biogenesis could partly explain age-related anabolic resistance to mechanical load, which may ultimately contribute to progressive muscle atrophy. Future research should develop more advanced molecular tools to provide in-depth analysis of muscle ribosome biogenesis.
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8
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Translational Control of Metabolism and Cell Cycle Progression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054885. [PMID: 36902316 PMCID: PMC10002961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a metabolic hub characterized by high levels of protein synthesis. Eukaryotic initiation factors, eIFs, control the first phase of translation, initiation. Initiation factors are essential for tumor progression and, since they regulate the translation of specific mRNAs downstream of oncogenic signaling cascades, may be druggable. In this review, we address the issue of whether the massive translational machinery of liver cells contributes to liver pathology and to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); it represents a valuable biomarker and druggable target. First, we observe that the common markers of HCC cells, such as phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6, belong to the ribosomal and translational apparatus. This fact is in agreement with observations that demonstrate a huge amplification of the ribosomal machinery during the progression to HCC. Some translation factors, such as eIF4E and eIF6, are then harnessed by oncogenic signaling. In particular, the action of eIF4E and eIF6 is particularly important in HCC when driven by fatty liver pathologies. Indeed, both eIF4E and eIF6 amplify at the translational level the production and accumulation of fatty acids. As it is evident that abnormal levels of these factors drive cancer, we discuss their therapeutic value.
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9
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Tungalag S, Shinriki S, Hirayama M, Nagamachi A, Kanai A, Inaba T, Matsui H. Ribosome profiling analysis reveals the roles of DDX41 in translational regulation. Int J Hematol 2023; 117:876-888. [PMID: 36780110 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
DDX41 mutation has been observed in myeloid malignancies including myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia, but the underlying causative mechanisms of these diseases have not been fully elucidated. The DDX41 protein is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase with roles in RNA metabolism. We previously showed that DDX41 is involved in ribosome biogenesis by promoting the processing of newly transcribed pre-ribosomal RNA. To build on this finding, in this study, we leveraged ribosome profiling technology to investigate the involvement of DDX41 in translation. We found that DDX41 knockdown resulted in both translationally increased and decreased transcripts. Both gene set enrichment analysis and gene ontology analysis indicated that ribosome-associated genes were translationally promoted after DDX41 knockdown, in part because these transcripts had significantly shorter transcript length and higher transcriptional and translational levels. In addition, we found that transcripts with 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine motifs tended to be translationally upregulated when the DDX41 level was low. Our data suggest that a translationally regulated feedback mechanism involving DDX41 may exist for ribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saruul Tungalag
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Satoru Shinriki
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hirayama
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Nagamachi
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Leukemia Program Project, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akinori Kanai
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiya Inaba
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Leukemia Program Project, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsui
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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10
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Huang KC, Gomes C, Shiga Y, Belforte N, VanderWall KB, Lavekar SS, Fligor CM, Harkin J, Di Polo A, Meyer JS. Autophagy disruption reduces mTORC1 activation leading to retinal ganglion cell neurodegeneration associated with glaucoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.04.522687. [PMID: 36711831 PMCID: PMC9881969 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.04.522687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy dysfunction has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases including glaucoma, characterized by the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). However, the mechanisms by which autophagy dysfunction promotes RGC damage remain unclear. Here, we hypothesized that perturbation of the autophagy pathway results in increased autophagic demand, thereby downregulating signaling through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a negative regulator of autophagy, contributing to the degeneration of RGCs. We identified an impairment of autophagic-lysosomal degradation and decreased mTORC1 signaling via activation of the stress sensor adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), along with subsequent neurodegeneration in RGCs differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) with a glaucoma-associated variant of Optineurin (OPTN-E50K). Similarly, the microbead occlusion model of glaucoma resulting in ocular hypertension also exhibited autophagy disruption and mTORC1 downregulation. Pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 in hPSC-derived RGCs recapitulated disease-related neurodegenerative phenotypes in otherwise healthy RGCs, while the mTOR-independent induction of autophagy reduced protein accumulation and restored neurite outgrowth in diseased OPTN-E50K RGCs. Taken together, these results highlight an important balance between autophagy and mTORC1 signaling essential for RGC homeostasis, while disruption to these pathways contributes to neurodegenerative features in glaucoma, providing a potential therapeutic target to prevent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Chieh Huang
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis IN USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Cátia Gomes
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Belforte
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kirstin B. VanderWall
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis IN USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Sailee S. Lavekar
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis IN USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Clarisse M. Fligor
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis IN USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Jade Harkin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Adriana Di Polo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jason S. Meyer
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA
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11
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Differential Regulation of Two Arms of mTORC1 Pathway Fine-Tunes Global Protein Synthesis in Resting B Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416017. [PMID: 36555660 PMCID: PMC9784905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis is tightly regulated by both gene-specific and global mechanisms to match the metabolic and proliferative demands of the cell. While the regulation of global protein synthesis in response to mitogen or stress signals is relatively well understood in multiple experimental systems, how different cell types fine-tune their basal protein synthesis rate is not known. In a previous study, we showed that resting B and T lymphocytes exhibit dramatic differences in their metabolic profile, with implications for their post-activation function. Here, we show that resting B cells, despite being quiescent, exhibit increased protein synthesis in vivo as well as ex vivo. The increased protein synthesis in B cells is driven by mTORC1, which exhibits an intermediate level of activation in these cells when compared with resting T cells and activated B cells. A comparative analysis of the transcriptome and translatome of these cells indicates that the genes encoding the MHC Class II molecules and their chaperone CD74 are highly translated in B cells. These data suggest that the translatome of B cells shows enrichment for genes associated with antigen processing and presentation. Even though the B cells exhibit higher mTORC1 levels, they prevent the translational activation of TOP mRNAs, which are mostly constituted by ribosomal proteins and other translation factors, by upregulating 4EBP1 levels. This mechanism may keep the protein synthesis machinery under check while enabling higher levels of translation in B cells.
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12
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Ali ES, Lipońska A, O'Hara BP, Amici DR, Torno MD, Gao P, Asara JM, Yap MNF, Mendillo ML, Ben-Sahra I. The mTORC1-SLC4A7 axis stimulates bicarbonate import to enhance de novo nucleotide synthesis. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3284-3298.e7. [PMID: 35772404 PMCID: PMC9444906 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions maintain pH homeostasis in eukaryotic cells and serve as a carbonyl donor to support cellular metabolism. However, whether the abundance of HCO3- is regulated or harnessed to promote cell growth is unknown. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) adjusts cellular metabolism to support biomass production and cell growth. We find that mTORC1 stimulates the intracellular transport of HCO3- to promote nucleotide synthesis through the selective translational regulation of the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter SLC4A7. Downstream of mTORC1, SLC4A7 mRNA translation required the S6K-dependent phosphorylation of the translation factor eIF4B. In mTORC1-driven cells, loss of SLC4A7 resulted in reduced cell and tumor growth and decreased flux through de novo purine and pyrimidine synthesis in human cells and tumors without altering the intracellular pH. Thus, mTORC1 signaling, through the control of SLC4A7 expression, harnesses environmental bicarbonate to promote anabolic metabolism, cell biomass, and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunus S Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Anna Lipońska
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brendan P O'Hara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - David R Amici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael D Torno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mee-Ngan F Yap
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marc L Mendillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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13
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Zhou Y, Wu P, Feng L, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Peng Y, Kuang SY, Tang L, Li SW, Zhou XQ. Improvement of nutritional value and sensory quality by promoting protein deposition and muscle fiber growth in grass carp muscle (Ctenopharyngodon idella): the effect of cinnamaldehyde. Food Chem 2022; 399:133799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Tumor Suppressive Effects of GAS5 in Cancer Cells. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8030039. [PMID: 35736636 PMCID: PMC9228804 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play important regulatory roles in cellular processes. Growth arrests specific transcript 5 (GAS5) is a lncRNA that is highly expressed during the cell cycle arrest phase but is downregulated in actively growing cells. Growth arrests specific transcript 5 was discovered to be downregulated in several cancers, primarily solid tumors, and it is known as a tumor suppressor gene that regulates cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis via multiple molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, GAS5 polymorphism was found to affect GAS5 expression and functionality in a cell-specific manner. This review article focuses on GAS5’s tumor-suppressive effects in regulating oncogenic signaling pathways, cell cycle, apoptosis, tumor-associated genes, and treatment-resistant cells. We also discussed genetic polymorphisms of GAS5 and their association with cancer susceptibility.
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15
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Martin ET, Blatt P, Nguyen E, Lahr R, Selvam S, Yoon HAM, Pocchiari T, Emtenani S, Siekhaus DE, Berman A, Fuchs G, Rangan P. A translation control module coordinates germline stem cell differentiation with ribosome biogenesis during Drosophila oogenesis. Dev Cell 2022; 57:883-900.e10. [PMID: 35413237 PMCID: PMC9011129 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal defects perturb stem cell differentiation, and this is the cause of ribosomopathies. How ribosome levels control stem cell differentiation is not fully known. Here, we discover that three DExD/H-box proteins govern ribosome biogenesis (RiBi) and Drosophila oogenesis. Loss of these DExD/H-box proteins, which we name Aramis, Athos, and Porthos, aberrantly stabilizes p53, arrests the cell cycle, and stalls germline stem cell (GSC) differentiation. Aramis controls cell-cycle progression by regulating translation of mRNAs that contain a terminal oligo pyrimidine (TOP) motif in their 5' UTRs. We find that TOP motifs confer sensitivity to ribosome levels that are mediated by La-related protein (Larp). One such TOP-containing mRNA codes for novel nucleolar protein 1 (Non1), a conserved p53 destabilizing protein. Upon a sufficient ribosome concentration, Non1 is expressed, and it promotes GSC cell-cycle progression via p53 degradation. Thus, a previously unappreciated TOP motif in Drosophila responds to reduced RiBi to co-regulate the translation of ribosomal proteins and a p53 repressor, coupling RiBi to GSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot T Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences/RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12202, USA
| | - Patrick Blatt
- Department of Biological Sciences/RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12202, USA
| | - Elaine Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Roni Lahr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Sangeetha Selvam
- Department of Biological Sciences/RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12202, USA
| | - Hyun Ah M Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences/RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12202, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Tyler Pocchiari
- Department of Biological Sciences/RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12202, USA; SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210-2375, USA
| | - Shamsi Emtenani
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Daria E Siekhaus
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Andrea Berman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Gabriele Fuchs
- Department of Biological Sciences/RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12202, USA.
| | - Prashanth Rangan
- Department of Biological Sciences/RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12202, USA.
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16
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Hisaoka M, Schott J, Bortecen T, Lindner D, Krijgsveld J, Stoecklin G. Preferential translation of p53 target genes. RNA Biol 2022; 19:437-452. [PMID: 35388737 PMCID: PMC8993080 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2048562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 exerts its tumour suppressive effect through transcriptional activation of numerous target genes controlling cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, cellular senescence and DNA repair. In addition, there is evidence that p53 influences the translation of specific mRNAs, including translational inhibition of ribosomal protein synthesis and translational activation of MDM2. A challenge in the analysis of translational control is that changes in mRNA abundance exert a kinetic (passive) effect on ribosome densities. In order to separate these passive effects from active regulation of translation efficiency in response to p53 activation, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of translational regulation by comparative analysis of mRNA levels and ribosome densities upon DNA damage induced by neocarzinostatin in wild-type and TP53−/− HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells. Thereby, we identified a specific group of mRNAs that are preferentially translated in response to p53 activation, many of which correspond to p53 target genes including MDM2, SESN1 and CDKN1A. By subsequent polysome profile analysis of SESN1 and CDKN1A mRNA, we could demonstrate that p53-dependent translational activation relies on a combination of inducing the expression of translationally advantageous isoforms and trans-acting mechanisms that further enhance the translation of these mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miharu Hisaoka
- Division of Biochemistry Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBHAlliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Schott
- Division of Biochemistry Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBHAlliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Toman Bortecen
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Bioscience, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Doris Lindner
- Division of Biochemistry Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBHAlliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- Division of Biochemistry Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBHAlliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Huan J, Grivas P, Birch J, Hansel DE. Emerging Roles for Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Complexes in Bladder Cancer Progression and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1555. [PMID: 35326708 PMCID: PMC8946148 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway regulates important cellular functions. Aberrant activation of this pathway, either through upstream activation by growth factors, loss of inhibitory controls, or molecular alterations, can enhance cancer growth and progression. Bladder cancer shows high levels of mTOR activity in approximately 70% of urothelial carcinomas, suggesting a key role for this pathway in this cancer. mTOR signaling initiates through upstream activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) and results in activation of either mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) or mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). While these complexes share several key protein components, unique differences in their complex composition dramatically alter the function and downstream cellular targets of mTOR activity. While significant work has gone into analysis of molecular alterations of the mTOR pathway in bladder cancer, this has not yielded significant benefit in mTOR-targeted therapy approaches in urothelial carcinoma to date. New discoveries regarding signaling convergence onto mTOR complexes in bladder cancer could yield unique insights the biology and targeting of this aggressive disease. In this review, we highlight the functional significance of mTOR signaling in urothelial carcinoma and its potential impact on future therapy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianya Huan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (J.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Petros Grivas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Jasmine Birch
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (J.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Donna E. Hansel
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (J.H.); (J.B.)
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18
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p70 S6 kinase as a therapeutic target in cancers: More than just an mTOR effector. Cancer Lett 2022; 535:215593. [PMID: 35176419 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) is best-known for its regulatory roles in protein synthesis and cell growth by phosphorylating its primary substrate, ribosomal protein S6, upon mitogen stimulation. The enhanced expression/activation of p70S6K has been correlated with poor prognosis in some cancer types, suggesting that it may serve as a biomarker for disease monitoring. p70S6K is a critical downstream effector of the oncogenic PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and its activation is tightly regulated by an ordered cascade of Ser/Thr phosphorylation events. Nonetheless, it should be noted that other upstream mechanisms regulating p70S6K at both the post-translational and post-transcriptional levels also exist. Activated p70S6K could promote various aspects of cancer progression such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stemness and drug resistance. Importantly, novel evidence showing that p70S6K may also regulate different cellular components in the tumor microenvironment will be discussed. Therapeutic targeting of p70S6K alone or in combination with traditional chemotherapies or other microenvironmental-based drugs such as immunotherapy may represent promising approaches against cancers with aberrant p70S6K signaling. Currently, the only clinically available p70S6K inhibitors are rapamycin analogs (rapalogs) which target mTOR. However, there are emerging p70S6K-selective drugs which are going through active preclinical or clinical trial phases. Moreover, various screening strategies have been used for the discovery of novel p70S6K inhibitors, hence bringing new insights for p70S6K-targeted therapy.
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19
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Xu X, Ahmed T, Wang L, Cao X, Zhang Z, Wang M, Lv Y, Kanwal S, Tariq M, Lin R, Zhang H, Huang Y, Peng H, Lin D, Shi X, Geng D, Liu B, Zhang X, Yi W, Qin Y, Esteban MA, Qin B. The mTORC1-eIF4F axis controls paused pluripotency. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53081. [PMID: 34866316 PMCID: PMC8811634 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) can self-renew indefinitely and maintain pluripotency. Inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) by the kinase inhibitor INK128 is known to induce paused pluripotency in mESCs cultured with traditional serum/LIF medium (SL), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) but not complex 2 (mTORC2) mediates mTOR inhibition-induced paused pluripotency in cells grown in both SL and 2iL medium (GSK3 and MEK inhibitors and LIF). We also show that mTORC1 regulates self-renewal in both conditions mainly through eIF4F-mediated translation initiation that targets mRNAs of both cytosolic and mitochondrial ribosome subunits. Moreover, inhibition of mitochondrial translation is sufficient to induce paused pluripotency. Interestingly, eIF4F also regulates maintenance of pluripotency in an mTORC1-independent but MEK/ERK-dependent manner in SL, indicating that translation of pluripotency genes is controlled differently in SL and 2iL. Our study reveals a detailed picture of how mTOR governs self-renewal in mESCs and uncovers a context-dependent function of eIF4F in pluripotency regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Xu
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina,CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina,Laboratory of Metabolism and Cell FateGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Tanveer Ahmed
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina,Laboratory of Metabolism and Cell FateGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Lulu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina,Laboratory of Metabolism and Cell FateGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xintao Cao
- Key Laboratory of RNA BiologyInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Ming Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease PreventionDepartment of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyShenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Yuan Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Laboratory of Integrative BiologyGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Shahzina Kanwal
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina,Laboratory of Integrative BiologyGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Muqddas Tariq
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Runxia Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina,Laboratory of Metabolism and Cell FateGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Yinghua Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina,Laboratory of Metabolism and Cell FateGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Hao Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina,Laboratory of Metabolism and Cell FateGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Danni Lin
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina,CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina,Laboratory of Metabolism and Cell FateGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xue Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Didi Geng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & ProtectionCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Baohua Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease PreventionDepartment of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyShenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wen Yi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & ProtectionCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of RNA BiologyInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Miguel A Esteban
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Laboratory of Integrative BiologyGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina,Institute of Stem Cells and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Joint School of Life SciencesGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health and Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Baoming Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina,Laboratory of Metabolism and Cell FateGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Joint School of Life SciencesGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health and Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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20
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Zhou J, Yue S, Xue B, Wang Z, Wang L, Peng Q, Xue B. Enhanced supply of methionine regulates protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells under hyperthermia condition. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:1126-1141. [PMID: 34796352 PMCID: PMC8564303 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that methionine (Met) supplementation can improve milk
protein synthesis under hyperthermia (which reduces milk production). To explore
the mechanism by which milk protein synthesis is affected by Met supplementation
under hyperthermia, mammary alveolar (MAC-T) cells were incubated at a
hyperthermic temperature of 42°C for 6 h in media with different
concentrations of Met. While the control group (CON) contained a normal amino
acid concentration profile (60 μg/mL of Met), the three treatment groups
were supplemented with Met at concentrations of 10 μg/mL (MET70, 70
μg/mL of Met), 20 μg/mL (MET80, 80 μg/mL of Met), and 30
μg/mL (MET90,90 μg/mL of Met). Our results show that additional
Met supplementation increases the mRNA and protein levels of BCL2 (B-cell
lymphoma-2, an anti-apoptosis agent), and decreases the mRNA and protein levels
of BAX (Bcl-2-associated X protein, a pro-apoptosis agent), especially at an
additional supplementary concentration of 20 μg/mL (group Met80).
Supplementation with higher concentrations of Met decreased the mRNA levels of
Caspase-3 and
Caspase-9, and increased protein levels of
heat shock protein (HSP70). The total protein levels of the mechanistic target
of rapamycin (mTOR) and the mTOR signalling pathway-related proteins, AKT,
ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 (RPS6KB1), and ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6),
increased with increasing Met supplementation, and peaked at 80 μg/mL Met
(group Met80). In addition, we also found that additional Met supplementation
upregulated the gene expression of αS1-casein (CSN1S1),
β-casein (CSN2), and the amino acid transporter genes
SLC38A2, SLC38A3 which are known to be
mTOR targets. Additional Met supplementation, however, had no effect on the gene
expression of κ-casein (CSN3) and solute carrier family
34 member 2 (SLC34A2). Our results suggest that additional Met
supplementation with 20 μg/mL may promote the synthesis of milk proteins
in bovine mammary epithelial cells under hyperthermia by inhibiting apoptosis,
activating the AKT-mTOR-RPS6KB1 signalling pathway, and regulating the entry of
amino acids into these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuangming Yue
- Department of Bioengineering, Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocation College, Chengdu 611845, China
| | - Benchu Xue
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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21
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Champagne J, Pataskar A, Blommaert N, Nagel R, Wernaart D, Ramalho S, Kenski J, Bleijerveld OB, Zaal EA, Berkers CR, Altelaar M, Peeper DS, Faller WJ, Agami R. Oncogene-dependent sloppiness in mRNA translation. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4709-4721.e9. [PMID: 34562372 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
mRNA translation is a highly conserved and tightly controlled mechanism for protein synthesis. Despite protein quality control mechanisms, amino acid shortage in melanoma induces aberrant proteins by ribosomal frameshifting. The extent and the underlying mechanisms related to this phenomenon are yet unknown. Here, we show that tryptophan depletion-induced ribosomal frameshifting is a widespread phenomenon in cancer. We termed this event sloppiness and strikingly observed its association with MAPK pathway hyperactivation. Sloppiness is stimulated by RAS activation in primary cells, suppressed by pharmacological inhibition of the oncogenic MAPK pathway in sloppy cells, and restored in cells with acquired resistance to MAPK pathway inhibition. Interestingly, sloppiness causes aberrant peptide presentation at the cell surface, allowing recognition and specific killing of drug-resistant cancer cells by T lymphocytes. Thus, while oncogenes empower cancer progression and aggressiveness, they also expose a vulnerability by provoking the production of aberrant peptides through sloppiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Champagne
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abhijeet Pataskar
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Naomi Blommaert
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Remco Nagel
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Demi Wernaart
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sofia Ramalho
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juliana Kenski
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Onno B Bleijerveld
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther A Zaal
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University and Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Celia R Berkers
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University and Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University and Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel S Peeper
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - William J Faller
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reuven Agami
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC, Rotterdam University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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22
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O'Reilly CL, Uranga S, Fluckey JD. Culprits or consequences: Understanding the metabolic dysregulation of muscle in diabetes. World J Biol Chem 2021; 12:70-86. [PMID: 34630911 PMCID: PMC8473417 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v12.i5.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to rise despite the amount of research dedicated to finding the culprits of this debilitating disease. Skeletal muscle is arguably the most important contributor to glucose disposal making it a clear target in insulin resistance and T2D research. Within skeletal muscle there is a clear link to metabolic dysregulation during the progression of T2D but the determination of culprits vs consequences of the disease has been elusive. Emerging evidence in skeletal muscle implicates influential cross talk between a key anabolic regulatory protein, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its associated complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2), and the well-described canonical signaling for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. This new understanding of cellular signaling crosstalk has blurred the lines of what is a culprit and what is a consequence with regard to insulin resistance. Here, we briefly review the most recent understanding of insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, and how anabolic responses favoring anabolism directly impact cellular glucose disposal. This review highlights key cross-over interactions between protein and glucose regulatory pathways and the implications this may have for the design of new therapeutic targets for the control of glucoregulatory function in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selina Uranga
- Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, United States
| | - James D Fluckey
- Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, United States
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23
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Wang VE, Blaser BW, Patel RK, Behbehani GK, Rao AA, Durbin-Johnson B, Jiang T, Logan AC, Settles M, Mannis GN, Olin R, Damon LE, Martin TG, Sayre PH, Gaensler KM, McMahon E, Flanders M, Weinberg V, Ye CJ, Carbone DP, Munster PN, Fragiadakis GK, McCormick F, Andreadis C. Inhibition of MET Signaling with Ficlatuzumab in Combination with Chemotherapy in Refractory AML: Clinical Outcomes and High-Dimensional Analysis. Blood Cancer Discov 2021; 2:434-449. [PMID: 34514432 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia patients refractory to induction therapy or relapsed within one year have poor outcomes. Autocrine production of hepatocyte growth factor by myeloid blasts drives leukemogenesis in pre-clinical models. A phase Ib trial evaluated ficlatuzumab, a first-in-class anti-HGF antibody, in combination with cytarabine in this high-risk population. Dose-limiting toxicities were not observed, and 20 mg/kg was established as the recommended phase II dose. The most frequent treatment-related adverse event was febrile neutropenia. Among 17 evaluable patients, the overall response rate was 53%, all complete remissions. Phospho-proteomic mass cytometry showed potent on-target suppression of p-MET after ficlatuzumab treatment and that attenuation of p-S6 was associated with clinical response. Multiplexed single cell RNA sequencing using prospectively acquired patient specimens identified interferon response genes as adverse predictive factors. The ficlatuzumab and cytarabine combination is well-tolerated with favorable efficacy. High-dimensional analyses at single-cell resolution represent promising approaches for identifying biomarkers of response and mechanisms of resistance in prospective clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bradley W Blaser
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ravi K Patel
- CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gregory K Behbehani
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Arjun A Rao
- CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Tommy Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Aaron C Logan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Matthew Settles
- Bioinformatics Core, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gabriel N Mannis
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rebecca Olin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lloyd E Damon
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Thomas G Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Peter H Sayre
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Karin M Gaensler
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Emma McMahon
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael Flanders
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Vivian Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Chun J Ye
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David P Carbone
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pamela N Munster
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gabriela K Fragiadakis
- CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Frank McCormick
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Charalambos Andreadis
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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24
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Effects of dietary methionine on growth performance, muscle nutritive deposition, muscle fibre growth and type I collagen synthesis of on-growing grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Br J Nutr 2021; 126:321-336. [PMID: 32718370 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the current research, a 60-d experiment was conducted with the purpose of exploring the impacts of methionine (Met) on growth performance, muscle nutritive deposition, muscle fibre growth and type I collagen synthesis as well as the related signalling pathway. Six diets (iso-nitrogenous) differing in Met concentrations (2·54, 4·85, 7·43, 10·12, 12·40 and 15·11 g/kg diets) were fed to 540 grass carp (178·47 (SD 0·36) g). Results showed (P < 0·05) that compared with Met deficiency, optimal level of dietary Met (1) increased feed intake, feed efficiency, specific growth rate and percentage weight gain (PWG); (2) increased fish muscle protein, lipid and free amino acid contents and improved fish muscle fatty acid profile as well as increased protein content in part associated with the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1)/S6K1 signalling pathway; (3) increased the frequency distribution of muscle fibre with >50 µm of diameter; (4) increased type I collagen synthesis partly related to the transforming growth factor-β1/Smads and CK2/TORC1 signalling pathways. In conclusion, dietary Met improved muscle growth, which might be due to the regulation of muscle nutritive deposition, muscle fibre growth and type I collagen synthesis-related signal molecules. Finally, according to PWG and muscle collagen content, the Met requirements for on-growing grass carp (178-626 g) were estimated to be 9·56 g/kg diet (33·26 g/kg protein of diet) and 9·28 g/kg diet (32·29 g/kg of dietary protein), respectively.
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25
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Belforte N, Agostinone J, Alarcon-Martinez L, Villafranca-Baughman D, Dotigny F, Cueva Vargas JL, Di Polo A. AMPK hyperactivation promotes dendrite retraction, synaptic loss, and neuronal dysfunction in glaucoma. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:43. [PMID: 34187514 PMCID: PMC8243567 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maintenance of complex dendritic arbors and synaptic transmission are processes that require a substantial amount of energy. Bioenergetic decline is a prominent feature of chronic neurodegenerative diseases, yet the signaling mechanisms that link energy stress with neuronal dysfunction are poorly understood. Recent work has implicated energy deficits in glaucoma, and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dendritic pathology and synapse disassembly are key features of ocular hypertension damage. RESULTS We show that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a conserved energy biosensor, is strongly activated in RGC from mice with ocular hypertension and patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Our data demonstrate that AMPK triggers RGC dendrite retraction and synapse elimination. We show that the harmful effect of AMPK is exerted through inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Attenuation of AMPK activity restores mTORC1 function and rescues dendrites and synaptic contacts. Strikingly, AMPK depletion promotes recovery of light-evoked retinal responses, improves axonal transport, and extends RGC survival. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies AMPK as a critical nexus between bioenergetic decline and RGC dysfunction during pressure-induced stress, and highlights the importance of targeting energy homeostasis in glaucoma and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Belforte
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Succursale centre-ville 6128, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jessica Agostinone
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Succursale centre-ville 6128, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Luis Alarcon-Martinez
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Succursale centre-ville 6128, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Deborah Villafranca-Baughman
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Succursale centre-ville 6128, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Florence Dotigny
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jorge L Cueva Vargas
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Succursale centre-ville 6128, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Adriana Di Polo
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Succursale centre-ville 6128, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada. .,Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada.
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26
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Zhang T, Ding H, Wang Y, Yuan Z, Zhang Y, Chen G, Xu Y, Chen L. Akt3-mTOR regulates hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mouse. J Neurochem 2021; 159:498-511. [PMID: 34077553 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Akt signaling has been associated with adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). We reported cognitive dysfunction in Akt3 knockout (Akt3-KO) mice with the down-regulation of mTOR activation. However, little is known about the effects of Akt3 signaling on hippocampal neurogenesis. Herein, we show that progenitor cells, neuroblasts, and mature newborn neurons in hippocampal DG expressed Akt3 protein. The Akt3 phosphorylation in hippocampal DG was increased after voluntary wheel running for 7 days in wild-type mice (running WT mice), but not in Akt3-KO mice (running Akt3-KO mice). Subsequently, we observed that the proliferation of progenitor cells was suppressed in Akt3-KO mice and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin-treated mice, whereas enhanced in running WT mice rather than running Akt3-KO mice. Neurite growth of neuroblasts was impaired in Akt3-KO mice and rapamycin-treated mice. In contrast, neither differentiation of progenitor cells nor migrating of newly generated neurons was altered in Akt3-KO mice or running WT mice. The levels of p70S6K and 4EBP1 phosphorylation were declined in Akt3-KO mice and elevated in running WT mice depending on mTOR activation. Furthermore, telomerase activity, telomere length, and expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) were decreased in Akt3-KO mice but increased in running WT mice rather than running Akt3-KO mice, which required the mTOR activation. The study provides in vivo evidence that Akt3-mTOR signaling plays an important role in the proliferation of progenitor cells and neurite growth through positive regulated TERT expression and activation of p70S6K and 4EBP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihao Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guiquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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27
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Jia JJ, Lahr RM, Solgaard MT, Moraes BJ, Pointet R, Yang AD, Celucci G, Graber TE, Hoang HD, Niklaus M, Pena IA, Hollensen AK, Smith EM, Chaker-Margot M, Anton L, Dajadian C, Livingstone M, Hearnden J, Wang XD, Yu Y, Maier T, Damgaard CK, Berman AJ, Alain T, Fonseca BD. mTORC1 promotes TOP mRNA translation through site-specific phosphorylation of LARP1. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:3461-3489. [PMID: 33398329 PMCID: PMC8034618 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
LARP1 is a key repressor of TOP mRNA translation. It binds the m7Gppp cap moiety and the adjacent 5'TOP motif of TOP mRNAs, thus impeding the assembly of the eIF4F complex on these transcripts. mTORC1 controls TOP mRNA translation via LARP1, but the details of the mechanism are unclear. Herein we elucidate the mechanism by which mTORC1 controls LARP1's translation repression activity. We demonstrate that mTORC1 phosphorylates LARP1 in vitro and in vivo, activities that are efficiently inhibited by rapamycin and torin1. We uncover 26 rapamycin-sensitive phospho-serine and -threonine residues on LARP1 that are distributed in 7 clusters. Our data show that phosphorylation of a cluster of residues located proximally to the m7Gppp cap-binding DM15 region is particularly sensitive to rapamycin and regulates both the RNA-binding and the translation inhibitory activities of LARP1. Our results unravel a new model of translation control in which the La module (LaMod) and DM15 region of LARP1, both of which can directly interact with TOP mRNA, are differentially regulated: the LaMod remains constitutively bound to PABP (irrespective of the activation status of mTORC1), while the C-terminal DM15 'pendular hook' engages the TOP mRNA 5'-end to repress translation, but only in conditions of mTORC1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Jia
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Roni M Lahr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael T Solgaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bruno J Moraes
- GABBA PhD Program, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- PrimerGen Ltd, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Roberta Pointet
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - An-Dao Yang
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Giovanna Celucci
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tyson E Graber
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Huy-Dung Hoang
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marius R Niklaus
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Izabella A Pena
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Anne K Hollensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ewan M Smith
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Leonie Anton
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Dajadian
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mark Livingstone
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jaclyn Hearnden
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Xu-Dong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Timm Maier
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian K Damgaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andrea J Berman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tommy Alain
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bruno D Fonseca
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- PrimerGen Ltd, Viseu, Portugal
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28
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Werneck-de-Castro JP, Peçanha FLM, Silvestre DH, Bernal-Mizrachi E. The RNA-binding protein LARP1 is dispensable for pancreatic β-cell function and mass. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2079. [PMID: 33483593 PMCID: PMC7822907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) deficiency or chronic hyperactivation in pancreatic β-cells leads to diabetes. mTORC1 complexes with La-related protein 1 (LARP1) to specifically regulate the expression of 5' terminal oligopyrimidine tract (5'TOP) mRNAs which encode proteins of the translation machinery and ribosome biogenesis. Here we show that LARP1 is the most expressed LARP in mouse islets and human β-cells, being 2-4-fold more abundant than LARP1B, a member of the family that also interacts with mTORC1. Interestingly, β-cells from diabetic patients have higher LARP1 and LARP1B expression. However, specific deletion of Larp1 gene in β-cells (β-Larp1KO mice) did not impair insulin secretion and glucose metabolism in male and female mice. High fat or high branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) diets did not disturb glucose homeostasis compared to control littermates up to 8 weeks; BCAA diet slightly impaired glucose tolerance in the β-Larp1KO mice at 16 weeks. However, no differences in plasma insulin levels, non-fasting glycemia and β-cell mass were observed in the β-Larp1KO mice. In conclusion, LARP1 is the most abundant LARP in mouse islets and human β-cells, and it is upregulated in diabetic subjects. However, genetically disruption of Larp1 gene did not impact glucose homeostasis in basal and diabetogenic conditions, suggesting no major role for LARP1 in β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Pedro Werneck-de-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Miami VA Health Care System, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Flavia Leticia Martins Peçanha
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Diego Henrique Silvestre
- Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941090, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Miami VA Health Care System, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Romano A, Casazza M, Gonella F. Addressing Non-linear System Dynamics of Single-Strand RNA Virus-Host Interaction. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:600254. [PMID: 33519741 PMCID: PMC7843927 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.600254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive single-strand ribonucleic acid [(+)ssRNA] viruses can cause multiple outbreaks, for which comprehensive tailored therapeutic strategies are still missing. Virus and host cell dynamics are tightly connected, generating a complex dynamics that conveys in virion assembly to ensure virus spread in the body. Starting from the knowledge of relevant processes in (+ss)RNA virus replication, transcription, translation, virions budding and shedding, and their respective energy costs, we built up a systems thinking (ST)-based diagram of the virus-host interaction, comprehensive of stocks, flows, and processes as well-described in literature. In ST approach, stocks and flows are expressed by a proxy of the energy embedded and transmitted, respectively, whereas processes are referred to the energy required for the system functioning. In this perspective, healthiness is just a particular configuration, in which stocks relevant for the system (equivalent but not limited to proteins, RNA, DNA, and all metabolites required for the survival) are constant, and the system behavior is stationary. At time of infection, the presence of additional stocks (e.g., viral protein and RNA and all metabolites required for virion assembly and spread) confers a complex network of feedbacks leading to new configurations, which can evolve to maximize the virions stock, thus changing the system structure, output, and purpose. The dynamic trajectories will evolve to achieve a new stationary status, a phenomenon described in microbiology as integration and symbiosis when the system is resilient enough to the changes, or the system may stop functioning and die. Application of external driving forces, acting on processes, can affect the dynamic trajectories adding a further degree of complexity, which can be captured by ST approach, used to address these new configurations. Investigation of system configurations in response to external driving forces acting is developed by computational analysis based on ST diagrams, with the aim at designing novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Romano
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale e Specialità Medico Chirurgiche (CHIRMED), Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Division of Hematology, U.O.C di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G.Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Casazza
- Division of Hematology, U.O.C di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G.Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Gonella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Venezia, Italy
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Yeo HS, Lim JY, Ahn NY. Effects of Aging on Angiogenic and Muscle Growth-Related Factors in Naturally Aged Rat Skeletal Muscles. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2020; 24:305-312. [PMID: 33389976 PMCID: PMC7781957 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.20.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study explored the effects of aging on the expression of angiogenic and muscle protein synthesis factors, as well as the number of satellite cells affecting sarcopenia in naturally aged rat skeletal muscles. Methods We divided 16 Sprague-Dawley rats into young (12 weeks old, n=8) and old (24 months old, n=8) groups and compared muscle and body weight (BW) between them. We also analyzed the expression levels of angiogenic and muscle growth proteins in soleus (slow-twitch) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast-twitch) muscles by western blotting and assessed the number of skeletal muscle satellite cells and myonuclei and mean fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) using by immunofluorescence staining. Results EDL/BW was significantly lower in old rats than in young rats (p=0.002). The vascular endothelial growth factor level in soleus muscles was significantly lower in old rats than in young rats (p=0.001). Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and fetal liver kinase 1 levels in EDL muscles were lower in old rats than in young rats (p=0.001). The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p70S6K, and 4E-BP1 levels were significantly lower in the soleus muscles of old rats than in those of young rats (p<0.01). Similarly, insulin growth factor-1, Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K levels were significantly lower in EDL muscles of old rats than in those of young rats (p<0.01). Additionally, myonuclei/fiber, Pax7/fiber, and mean fiber CSAs in both muscle types were significantly lower in old rats than in young rats (p<0.01). Conclusion These data suggest different regulation of indices of angiogenic and muscle growth with aging in different muscle types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Seong Yeo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Na-Young Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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Cottrell KA, Chiou RC, Weber JD. Upregulation of 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine mRNA translation upon loss of the ARF tumor suppressor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22276. [PMID: 33335292 PMCID: PMC7747592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells require nominal increases in protein synthesis in order to maintain high proliferation rates. As such, tumor cells must acquire enhanced ribosome production. How the numerous mutations in tumor cells ultimately achieve this aberrant production is largely unknown. The gene encoding ARF is the most commonly deleted gene in human cancer. ARF plays a significant role in regulating ribosomal RNA synthesis and processing, ribosome export into the cytoplasm, and global protein synthesis. Utilizing ribosome profiling, we show that ARF is a major suppressor of 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine mRNA translation. Genes with increased translational efficiency following loss of ARF include many ribosomal proteins and translation factors. Knockout of p53 largely phenocopies ARF loss, with increased protein synthesis and expression of 5'-TOP encoded proteins. The 5'-TOP regulators eIF4G1 and LARP1 are upregulated in Arf- and p53-null cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Cottrell
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus, Box 8069, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ryan C Chiou
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus, Box 8069, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jason D Weber
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus, Box 8069, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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Su X, Yang Y, Ma L, Luo P, Shen K, Dai H, Jiang Y, Shuai L, Liu Z, You J, Min K, Shi C, Chen Z. Human Positive Coactivator 4 Affects the Progression and Prognosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma via the mTOR/P70s6k Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12213-12223. [PMID: 33273827 PMCID: PMC7705283 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s284219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in the world, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for 90% of all cases. Human positive coactivator 4 (PC4) is a transcriptional coactivator that has been associated with the development and progression of several tumors. However, no studies investigated the potential role of PC4 in PDAC. Methods We investigated PC4 expression in 81 PDAC tissue samples using immunohistochemistry and studied the impact of PC4 expression and the molecular mechanisms of this altered expression on PDAC tumorigenesis and proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Results PC4 overexpression was correlated with a poor outcome in PDAC patients. The RNAi-mediated knockdown of PC4 expression in CFPAC-1 and AsPC-1 cell lines reduced cell proliferation and tumor growth. The loss of PC4 in PDAC inhibits cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1/S transition and suppressing the mTOR/p70s6k pathway. Discussion/Conclusion Our findings reveal for the first time that PC4 exerts oncogenic functions by activating mTOR/p70s6k signaling pathway-mediated cell proliferation, implying that PC4 is a promising therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishi Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Ma
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaicheng Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Haisu Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Shuai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshan You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Min
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
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Balyan R, Gautam N, Gascoigne NR. The Ups and Downs of Metabolism during the Lifespan of a T Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7972. [PMID: 33120978 PMCID: PMC7663011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the various mechanisms that govern the development, activation, differentiation, and functions of T cells is crucial as it could provide opportunities for therapeutic interventions to disrupt immune pathogenesis. Immunometabolism is one such area that has garnered significant interest in the recent past as it has become apparent that cellular metabolism is highly dynamic and has a tremendous impact on the ability of T cells to grow, activate, and differentiate. In each phase of the lifespan of a T-cell, cellular metabolism has to be tailored to match the specific functional requirements of that phase. Resting T cells rely on energy-efficient oxidative metabolism but rapidly shift to a highly glycolytic metabolism upon activation in order to meet the bioenergetically demanding process of growth and proliferation. However, upon antigen clearance, T cells return to a more quiescent oxidative metabolism to support T cell memory generation. In addition, each helper T cell subset engages distinct metabolic pathways to support their functional needs. In this review, we provide an overview of the metabolic changes that occur during the lifespan of a T cell and discuss several important studies that provide insights into the regulation of the metabolic landscape of T cells and how they impact T cell development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas R.J. Gascoigne
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore; (R.B.); (N.G.)
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Pszczolkowski VL, Zhang J, Pignato KA, Meyer EJ, Kurth MM, Lin A, Arriola Apelo SI. Insulin potentiates essential amino acids effects on mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling in MAC-T cells. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11988-12002. [PMID: 33222863 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Different models of lactation offer conflicting evidence as to whether insulin signaling is required for AA to stimulate mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity. We hypothesized that insulin potentiates essential AA stimulation of mTORC1 activity in the MAC-T mammary epithelial cell line. Here, our objective was to assess mTORC1 signaling activity in response to insulin and individual or grouped essential AA. Insulin and essential AA concentrations in the treatment medium ranged from normo- to supraphysiological, with insulin at 0, 1, 10, or 100 nmol/L and essential AA at approximately 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 1, or 3× reference plasma levels. Effects and interaction of insulin and total essential AA were tested in a 3 × 5 factorial design (n = 3 replicates/treatment); insulin and the individual AA Leu, Met, Ile, and Arg were likewise tested in 3 × 4 factorials (n = 4). As the remaining individual AA His, Lys, Phe, Thr, Trp, and Val were expected to not affect mTORC1, these were tested only at the highest insulin level, 100 nmol/L (n = 4). For all of these, linear and quadratic effects of total and individual AA were evaluated. Essential AA were subsequently grouped by their positive (Leu, Met, Ile, Arg, and Thr; TOR-AA) or absent-to-negative effects (His, Lys, Phe, Trp, and Val; NTOR-AA), and tested for interaction in a 2 × 2 factorial design (n = 4), with each AA at its respective 1× plasma level, and insulin held at 100 nmol/L. All experiments consisted of 1 h treatment incubation, followed by Western blotting of cell lysates to measure phosphorylation and abundance of the mTORC1 pathway proteins Akt (Ser473); ribosomal protein S6 kinase p70 (S6K1, Thr389); eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1, Ser65); and ribosomal protein S6 (S6, Ser240/244). The Akt phosphorylation was overall increased by insulin, with a possible negative interaction with both total essential AA and the individual AA Leu. Total essential AA also increased S6K1 and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in an insulin-dependent manner. The individual AA Leu, Met, Ile, and Arg increased S6K1 phosphorylation in an insulin-dependent manner. Similarly, Met and Arg increased 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in an insulin-dependent manner. Histidine, Lys, Trp, and Val did not affect S6K1 phosphorylation. However, S6K1 phosphorylation was linearly increased by Thr and quadratically decreased by Phe. Relative to the phosphorylation of S6K1 when cells were incubated with no essential AA, the NTOR-AA group had no effect, whereas the TOR-AA increased phosphorylation to the same degree observed with all 10 essential AA. Overall, we have found that insulin is required for essential AA to stimulate mTORC1 activity in MAC-T cells. In addition, the AA responsible for the bulk of mTORC1 activation in MAC-T are limited to Leu, Met, Ile, Arg, and Thr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia L Pszczolkowski
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 100083
| | - Kayleigh A Pignato
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706
| | - Emma J Meyer
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706
| | - Madison M Kurth
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706
| | - Amy Lin
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706
| | - Sebastian I Arriola Apelo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706.
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Shigeoka T, Koppers M, Wong HHW, Lin JQ, Cagnetta R, Dwivedy A, de Freitas Nascimento J, van Tartwijk FW, Ströhl F, Cioni JM, Schaeffer J, Carrington M, Kaminski CF, Jung H, Harris WA, Holt CE. On-Site Ribosome Remodeling by Locally Synthesized Ribosomal Proteins in Axons. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3605-3619.e10. [PMID: 31825839 PMCID: PMC6915326 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome assembly occurs mainly in the nucleolus, yet recent studies have revealed robust enrichment and translation of mRNAs encoding many ribosomal proteins (RPs) in axons, far away from neuronal cell bodies. Here, we report a physical and functional interaction between locally synthesized RPs and ribosomes in the axon. We show that axonal RP translation is regulated through a sequence motif, CUIC, that forms an RNA-loop structure in the region immediately upstream of the initiation codon. Using imaging and subcellular proteomics techniques, we show that RPs synthesized in axons join axonal ribosomes in a nucleolus-independent fashion. Inhibition of axonal CUIC-regulated RP translation decreases local translation activity and reduces axon branching in the developing brain, revealing the physiological relevance of axonal RP synthesis in vivo. These results suggest that axonal translation supplies cytoplasmic RPs to maintain/modify local ribosomal function far from the nucleolus in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Shigeoka
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
| | - Max Koppers
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Hovy Ho-Wai Wong
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Julie Qiaojin Lin
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Roberta Cagnetta
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Asha Dwivedy
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | | | - Francesca W van Tartwijk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Florian Ströhl
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Jean-Michel Cioni
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Julia Schaeffer
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Mark Carrington
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Clemens F Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Hosung Jung
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - William A Harris
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Christine E Holt
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
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Shimizu S, Aoki A, Takahashi T, Harano F. Infrared-A Irradiation-induced Inhibition of Human Keratinocyte Proliferation and Potential Mechanisms. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:1105-1115. [PMID: 32118302 PMCID: PMC7586992 DOI: 10.1111/php.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Infrared-A (IRA), which can penetrate deeply into the human skin, is a major component of solar radiation and is recognized to promote photoaging of human dermis. To our knowledge, however, the cellular and molecular consequences of human epidermis exposure to IRA have not been clarified. Thus, we investigated whether IRA inhibits the proliferation of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). IRA irradiation ed in cell cycle arrest at G1 and a dose-dependent reduction in the proliferation of NHEKs. We found that mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) was initially inactivated during IRA irradiation due to the formation of stress granules (SGs), and this inactivation was maintained for at least 6 h after irradiation due to Akt dephosphorylation. Furthermore, repeated exposure of human skin equivalents to IRA led to marked thinning of the epidermal cell layer. In conclusion, IRA irradiation inhibits mTORC1 activity possibly through two molecular mechanisms involving SG formation in the early-phase and subsequent Akt dephosphorylation. This sequential mechanism seems to cause G1 cell cycle arrest and a reduction in cell proliferation, supporting the hypothesis that the decreased proliferation of basal keratinocytes that occurs during skin aging might be partly attributable to IRA radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syota Shimizu
- Nutraceuticals DivisionOtsu Skin Care Research InstituteOtsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OtsuJapan
| | - Akihiro Aoki
- Nutraceuticals DivisionOtsu Skin Care Research InstituteOtsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OtsuJapan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Nutraceuticals DivisionOtsu Skin Care Research InstituteOtsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OtsuJapan
| | - Fumiki Harano
- Nutraceuticals DivisionOtsu Skin Care Research InstituteOtsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OtsuJapan
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Ohol YM, Sun MT, Cutler G, Leger PR, Hu DX, Biannic B, Rana P, Cho C, Jacobson S, Wong ST, Sanchez J, Shah N, Pookot D, Abraham B, Young K, Suthram S, Marshall LA, Bradford D, Kozon N, Han X, Okano A, Maung J, Colas C, Schwarz J, Wustrow D, Brockstedt DG, Kassner PD. Novel, Selective Inhibitors of USP7 Uncover Multiple Mechanisms of Antitumor Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1970-1980. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The Importance of Protein Phosphorylation for Signaling and Metabolism in Response to Diel Light Cycling and Nutrient Availability in a Marine Diatom. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070155. [PMID: 32640597 PMCID: PMC7408324 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are major contributors to global primary production and their populations in the modern oceans are affected by availability of iron, nitrogen, phosphate, silica, and other trace metals, vitamins, and infochemicals. However, little is known about the role of phosphorylation in diatoms and its role in regulation and signaling. We report a total of 2759 phosphorylation sites on 1502 proteins detected in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Conditionally phosphorylated peptides were detected at low iron (n = 108), during the diel cycle (n = 149), and due to nitrogen availability (n = 137). Through a multi-omic comparison of transcript, protein, phosphorylation, and protein homology, we identify numerous proteins and key cellular processes that are likely under control of phospho-regulation. We show that phosphorylation regulates: (1) carbon retrenchment and reallocation during growth under low iron, (2) carbon flux towards lipid biosynthesis after the lights turn on, (3) coordination of transcription and translation over the diel cycle and (4) in response to nitrogen depletion. We also uncover phosphorylation sites for proteins that play major roles in diatom Fe sensing and utilization, including flavodoxin and phytotransferrin (ISIP2A), as well as identify phospho-regulated stress proteins and kinases. These findings provide much needed insight into the roles of protein phosphorylation in diel cycling and nutrient sensing in diatoms.
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Jia L, Hao SL, Yang WX. Nanoparticles induce autophagy via mTOR pathway inhibition and reactive oxygen species generation. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1419-1435. [PMID: 32529946 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique physicochemical properties, nanoparticles (NPs) have been increasingly developed for use in various fields. However, there has been both growing negative concerns with toxicity and positive realization of opportunities in nanomedicine, coming from the growing understanding of the associations between NPs and the human body, particularly relating to their cellular autophagic effects. This review summarizes NP-induced autophagy via the modulation of the mTOR signaling pathway and other associated signals including AMPK and ERK and also demonstrates how reactive oxygen species generation greatly underlies the regulation processes. The perspectives in this review aim to contribute to NP design, particularly in consideration of nanotoxicity and the potential for the precise application of NPs in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jia
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shuang-Li Hao
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
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Boone DN, Warburton A, Som S, Lee AV. SNHG7 is a lncRNA oncogene controlled by Insulin-like Growth Factor signaling through a negative feedback loop to tightly regulate proliferation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8583. [PMID: 32444795 PMCID: PMC7244715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling is involved in the initiation and progression of a subset of breast cancers by inducing cell proliferation and survival. Although the signaling cascade following IGF1 receptor activation is well-studied, the key elements of the transcriptional response governing IGF1's actions are not well understood. Recent studies reveal that the majority of the genome is transcribed and that there are more long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) than protein coding genes, several of which are dysregulated in human cancer. However, studies on the regulation and mechanism of action of these lncRNAs are in their infancy. Here we show that IGF1 alters the expression levels of a subset of lncRNAs. SNHG7, a member of the small nucleolar host gene family, is a highly-expressed lncRNA that is consistently and significantly down-regulated by IGF1 signaling by a post-transcriptional mechanism through the MAPK pathway. SNHG7 regulates proliferation of breast cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, and silencing SNHG7 expression causes cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. Intriguingly, SNHG7 alters the expression of many IGF1 signaling intermediates and IGF1-regulated genes suggesting a feedback mechanism to tightly regulate the IGF1 response. Finally, we show in clinical data that SNHG7 is overexpressed in tumors of a subset of breast cancer patients and that these patients have lower disease-free survival than patients without elevated SNHG7 expression. We propose that SNHG7 is a lncRNA oncogene that is controlled by growth factor signaling in a feedback mechanism to prevent hyperproliferation, and that this regulation can be lost in the development or progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Boone
- Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
- Hillman Academy/Computer Science, Biology, and Biomedical Informatics Academy, Pittsburgh, USA.
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Andrew Warburton
- Hillman Academy/Computer Science, Biology, and Biomedical Informatics Academy, Pittsburgh, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Sreeroopa Som
- Hillman Academy/Computer Science, Biology, and Biomedical Informatics Academy, Pittsburgh, USA
- Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, USA
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41
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Jessus C, Munro C, Houliston E. Managing the Oocyte Meiotic Arrest-Lessons from Frogs and Jellyfish. Cells 2020; 9:E1150. [PMID: 32392797 PMCID: PMC7290932 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During oocyte development, meiosis arrests in prophase of the first division for a remarkably prolonged period firstly during oocyte growth, and then when awaiting the appropriate hormonal signals for egg release. This prophase arrest is finally unlocked when locally produced maturation initiation hormones (MIHs) trigger entry into M-phase. Here, we assess the current knowledge of the successive cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for keeping meiotic progression on hold. We focus on two model organisms, the amphibian Xenopus laevis, and the hydrozoan jellyfish Clytia hemisphaerica. Conserved mechanisms govern the initial meiotic programme of the oocyte prior to oocyte growth and also, much later, the onset of mitotic divisions, via activation of two key kinase systems: Cdk1-Cyclin B/Gwl (MPF) for M-phase activation and Mos-MAPkinase to orchestrate polar body formation and cytostatic (CSF) arrest. In contrast, maintenance of the prophase state of the fully-grown oocyte is assured by highly specific mechanisms, reflecting enormous variation between species in MIHs, MIH receptors and their immediate downstream signalling response. Convergence of multiple signalling pathway components to promote MPF activation in some oocytes, including Xenopus, is likely a heritage of the complex evolutionary history of spawning regulation, but also helps ensure a robust and reliable mechanism for gamete production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jessus
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, LBD - IBPS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Catriona Munro
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer (LBDV), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France;
- Inserm, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, PSL Research University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Evelyn Houliston
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer (LBDV), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France;
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Vahsen BF, Ribas VT, Sundermeyer J, Boecker A, Dambeck V, Lenz C, Shomroni O, Caldi Gomes L, Tatenhorst L, Barski E, Roser AE, Michel U, Urlaub H, Salinas G, Bähr M, Koch JC, Lingor P. Inhibition of the autophagic protein ULK1 attenuates axonal degeneration in vitro and in vivo, enhances translation, and modulates splicing. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2810-2827. [PMID: 32341448 PMCID: PMC7493890 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal degeneration is a key and early pathological feature in traumatic and neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS. Following a focal lesion to axons, extended axonal disintegration by acute axonal degeneration (AAD) occurs within several hours. During AAD, the accumulation of autophagic proteins including Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) has been demonstrated, but its role is incompletely understood. Here, we study the effect of ULK1 inhibition in different models of lesion-induced axonal degeneration in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of a dominant negative of ULK1 (ULK1.DN) in primary rat cortical neurons attenuates axotomy-induced AAD in vitro. Both ULK1.DN and the ULK1 inhibitor SBI-0206965 protect against AAD after rat optic nerve crush in vivo. ULK1.DN additionally attenuates long-term axonal degeneration after rat spinal cord injury in vivo. Mechanistically, ULK1.DN decreases autophagy and leads to an mTOR-mediated increase in translational proteins. Consistently, treatment with SBI-0206965 results in enhanced mTOR activation. ULK1.DN additionally modulates the differential splicing of the degeneration-associated genes Kif1b and Ddit3. These findings uncover ULK1 as an important mediator of axonal degeneration in vitro and in vivo, and elucidate its function in splicing, defining it as a putative therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Friedhelm Vahsen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vinicius Toledo Ribas
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jonas Sundermeyer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Boecker
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 630 Clinical Research Building, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Vivian Dambeck
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Orr Shomroni
- NGS-Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lucas Caldi Gomes
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars Tatenhorst
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Barski
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Elisa Roser
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Michel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Christoph Koch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Rechts der Isar Hospital, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Melick CH, Meng D, Jewell JL. A-kinase anchoring protein 8L interacts with mTORC1 and promotes cell growth. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8096-8105. [PMID: 32312749 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ac120.012595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) senses nutrients to mediate anabolic processes within the cell. Exactly how mTORC1 promotes cell growth remains unclear. Here, we identified a novel mTORC1-interacting protein called protein kinase A anchoring protein 8L (AKAP8L). Using biochemical assays, we found that the N-terminal region of AKAP8L binds to mTORC1 in the cytoplasm. Importantly, loss of AKAP8L decreased mTORC1-mediated processes such as translation, cell growth, and cell proliferation. AKAPs anchor protein kinase A (PKA) through PKA regulatory subunits, and we show that AKAP8L can anchor PKA through regulatory subunit Iα. Reintroducing full-length AKAP8L into cells restored mTORC1-regulated processes, whereas reintroduction of AKAP8L missing the N-terminal region that confers the interaction with mTORC1 did not. Our results suggest a multifaceted role for AKAPs in the cell. We conclude that mTORC1 appears to regulate cell growth, perhaps in part through AKAP8L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase H Melick
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Delong Meng
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Jenna L Jewell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390 .,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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44
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Nahle S, Cassidy H, Leroux MM, Mercier R, Ghanbaja J, Doumandji Z, Matallanas D, Rihn BH, Joubert O, Ferrari L. Genes expression profiling of alveolar macrophages exposed to non-functionalized, anionic and cationic multi-walled carbon nanotubes shows three different mechanisms of toxicity. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:36. [PMID: 32093716 PMCID: PMC7041258 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-0587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have become the focus of increased research interest, particularly in their application as tools in different areas, such as the biomedical field. Despite the benefits associated with functionalization of MWCNT, particularly in overcoming issues relating to solubility, several studies have demonstrated that these functionalized nanoparticles display different toxicity profiles. For this study, we aim to compare NR8383 cells responses to three well-characterized MWCNT with varying functional groups. This study employed cytotoxicity assays, transcriptomics and proteomics to assess their toxicity using NR8383 rat alveolar macrophages as an in vitro model. The study findings indicated that all MWCNT altered ribosomal protein translation, cytoskeleton arrangement and induced pro-inflammatory response. Only functionalized MWCNT alter mTOR signaling pathway in conjunction with increased Lamtor gene expression. Furthermore, the type of functionalization was also important, with cationic MWCNT activating the transcription factor EB and inducing autophagy while the anionic MWCNT altering eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 (EIF4) and phosphoprotein 70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) signaling pathway as well as upregulation Tlr2 gene expression. This study proposes that MWCNT toxicity mechanisms are functionalization dependent and provides evidence that inflammatory response is a key event of carbon nanotubes toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nahle
- Nanomaterials and Health, Team 403, Institute Jean Lamour UMR 7198 du CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Hilary Cassidy
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mélanie M Leroux
- Nanomaterials and Health, Team 403, Institute Jean Lamour UMR 7198 du CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Reuben Mercier
- Nanomaterials and Health, Team 403, Institute Jean Lamour UMR 7198 du CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Jaafar Ghanbaja
- Nanomaterials and Health, Team 403, Institute Jean Lamour UMR 7198 du CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Zahra Doumandji
- Nanomaterials and Health, Team 403, Institute Jean Lamour UMR 7198 du CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - David Matallanas
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Bertrand H Rihn
- Nanomaterials and Health, Team 403, Institute Jean Lamour UMR 7198 du CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Joubert
- Nanomaterials and Health, Team 403, Institute Jean Lamour UMR 7198 du CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Luc Ferrari
- Nanomaterials and Health, Team 403, Institute Jean Lamour UMR 7198 du CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France.
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45
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Datan E, Salman S. Autophagic cell death in viral infection: Do TAM receptors play a role? TAM RECEPTORS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2020; 357:123-168. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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46
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Mathews Samuel S, Satheesh NJ, Ghosh S, Büsselberg D, Majeed Y, Ding H, Triggle CR. Treatment with a Combination of Metformin and 2-Deoxyglucose Upregulates Thrombospondin-1 in Microvascular Endothelial Cells: Implications in Anti-Angiogenic Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1737. [PMID: 31698699 PMCID: PMC6895998 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, the most widely used anti-diabetic drug, also exhibits anti-cancer properties; however, the true potential of metformin as an anticancer drug remains largely unknown. In this study using mouse microvascular endothelial cells (MMECs), we investigated the effects of metformin alone or in combination with the glycolytic inhibitor, 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), on angiogenesis-a process known to be an integral part of tumor growth, cancer cell survival and metastasis. MMECs were exposed to 2DG (1-10 mM) for 48 h in the absence or presence of metformin (2 mM). The status of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic marker proteins, proteins of the mTOR pathway and cell-cycle-related proteins were quantified by Western blot analysis. Assays for cell proliferation, migration and tubulogenesis were also performed. We observed robust up-regulation of anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) and increased TSP1-CD36 co-localization with a marked decrease in the levels of phosphorylated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (pVEGFR2; Y1175) in 2DG (5 mM) exposed cells treated with metformin (2 mM). Additionally, treatment with metformin and 2DG (5 mM) inhibited the Akt/mTOR pathway and down-regulated the cell-cycle-related proteins such as p-cyclin B1 (S147) and cyclins D1 and D2 when compared to cells that were treated with either 2DG or metformin alone. Treatment with a combination of 2DG (5 mM) and metformin (2 mM) also significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration and tubulogenic capacity when compared to cells that were treated with either 2DG or metformin alone. The up-regulation of TSP1, inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and tubulogenesis provides support to the argument that the combination of metformin and 2DG may prove to be an appropriate anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic therapeutic strategy for the treatment of some cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (N.J.S.); (S.G.); (Y.M.); (H.D.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Noothan Jyothi Satheesh
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (N.J.S.); (S.G.); (Y.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Suparna Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (N.J.S.); (S.G.); (Y.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Yasser Majeed
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (N.J.S.); (S.G.); (Y.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (N.J.S.); (S.G.); (Y.M.); (H.D.)
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Chris R. Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (N.J.S.); (S.G.); (Y.M.); (H.D.)
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
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Yang CY, Chen C, Lin CY, Chen YH, Lin CY, Chi CW, Chen YJ, Liu SC, Chang TK, Tang CH, Lai YW, Tsai HJ, Chen JJ, Wang SW. Garcimultiflorone K inhibits angiogenesis through Akt/eNOS- and mTOR-dependent pathways in human endothelial progenitor cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 64:152911. [PMID: 31454653 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Garcimultiflorone K is a novel polyprenylated polycyclic acylphloroglucinol isolated from the stems of Garcinia multiflora that exhibits promising anti-angiogenic activity in human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Purpose This study sought to determine the underlying anti-angiogenic mechanisms and pharmacological properties of garcimultiflorone K. Methods We examined the anti-angiogenic effects of garcimultiflorone K and its mechanisms of action using in vitro EPC models and in vivo zebrafish embryos. Results EPCs proliferation, migration, differentiation and capillary-like tube formation were effectively and concentration-dependently inhibited by garcimultiflorone K without any signs of cytotoxicity. Our investigations revealed that garcimultiflorone K suppressed EPCs angiogenesis through Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and eNOS signaling cascades. Notably, garcimultiflorone K dose-dependently impeded angiogenesis in zebrafish embryos. Conclusion Our data demonstrate the anti-angiogneic effects of garcimultiflorone K in both in vitro and in vivo models. Garcimultiflorone K appears to have potential in the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yung Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Chi
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chia Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Kuo Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lai
- Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Jen Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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48
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Abe T, Kazama R, Okauchi H, Oishi K. Food deprivation during active phase induces skeletal muscle atrophy via IGF-1 reduction in mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 677:108160. [PMID: 31639326 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass is largely influenced by nutritional status and physical activity. Although feeding at specific times of the day (time-restricted feeding, TRF) modulates obesity and other metabolic functions, its effects on skeletal muscles remain unclear. We explored the effects of feeding mice only during the inactive (daytime feeding, DF) or active (nighttime feeding, NF) phases for one week. Daytime feeding did not abolish the nocturnal activity rhythm, although total daily activity was reduced in these mice. Temporal expression of the circadian clock genes, Per2 and Rev-erbα, became synchronized to the feeding cycle in the liver, but not in skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, and cross-sectional area were significantly lower in DF, than in NF mice, although DF increased body weight gain and lipid accumulation. Expression of the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases, Atrogin-1 and Murf1 and the autophagy-related genes, Lc3b and Bnip3, was induced during the active phase in the gastrocnemius muscles of DF, compared with those of NF mice. Plasma IGF-1 concentrations and Igf-1 expression in the livers and gastrocnemius muscles during the active phase were lower in DF, than in NF mice. Furthermore, exogenous IGF-1 injection significantly suppressed DF-induced reduction in gastrocnemius muscle mass, which might at least partly explain the association between decreased plasma IGF-1 concentrations and reductions in the skeletal muscle mass of DF mice. These findings suggest that feeding only during the inactive phase reduces skeletal muscle mass via a decrease in plasma IGF-1 concentrations during the active phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Abe
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rei Kazama
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Okauchi
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Oishi
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan; School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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Spatio-temporal expression of ANK2 promotes cytokinesis in oocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13121. [PMID: 31511568 PMCID: PMC6739377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the absence of transcription, the regulation of gene expression in oocytes is controlled almost exclusively at the level of transcriptome and proteome stabilization, and translation. A subset of maternal transcripts is stored in a translationally dormant state in the oocyte, and temporally driven translation of specific mRNAs propel meiotic progression, oocyte-to-embryo transition and early embryo development. We identified Ank2.3 as the only transcript variant present in the mouse oocyte and discovered that it is translated after nuclear envelope breakdown. Here we show that Ank2.3 mRNA is localized in higher concentration in the oocyte nucleoplasm and, after nuclear envelope breakdown, in the newly forming spindle where its translation occurs. Furthermore, we reveal that Ank2.3 mRNA contains an oligo-pyrimidine motif at 5'UTR that predetermines its translation through a cap-dependent pathway. Lastly, we show that prevention of ANK2 translation leads to abnormalities in oocyte cytokinesis.
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Elolimy AA, Abdel-Hamied E, Hu L, McCann JC, Shike DW, Loor JJ. RAPID COMMUNICATION: Residual feed intake in beef cattle is associated with differences in protein turnover and nutrient transporters in ruminal epithelium. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:2181-2187. [PMID: 30806449 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual feed intake (RFI) is a widely used measure of feed efficiency in cattle. Although the precise biologic mechanisms associated with improved feed efficiency are not well-known, most-efficient steers (i.e., with low RFI coefficient) downregulate abundance of proteins controlling protein degradation in skeletal muscle. Whether cellular mechanisms controlling protein turnover in ruminal tissue differ by RFI classification is unknown. The aim was to investigate associations between RFI and signaling through the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways in ruminal epithelium. One hundred and forty-nine Red Angus cattle were allocated to 3 contemporary groups according to sex and herd origin. Animals were offered a finishing diet for 70 d to calculate the RFI coefficient for each. Within each group, the 2 most-efficient (n = 6) and least-efficient animals (n = 6) were selected. Compared with least-efficient animals, the most-efficient animals consumed less feed (P < 0.05; 18.36 vs. 23.39 kg/d DMI). At day 70, plasma samples were collected for insulin concentration analysis. Ruminal epithelium was collected immediately after slaughter to determine abundance and phosphorylation status of 29 proteins associated with MTOR, ubiquitin-proteasome, insulin signaling, and glucose and amino acid transport. Among the proteins involved in cellular protein synthesis, most-efficient animals had lower (P ≤ 0.05) abundance of MTOR, p-MTOR, RPS6KB1, EIF2A, EEF2K, AKT1, and RPS6KB1, whereas MAPK3 tended (P = 0.07) to be lower. In contrast, abundance of p-EEF2K, p-EEF2K:EEF2K, and p-EIF2A:EIF2A in most-efficient animals was greater (P ≤ 0.05). Among proteins catalyzing steps required for protein degradation, the abundance of UBA1, NEDD4, and STUB1 was lower (P ≤ 0.05) and MDM2 tended (P = 0.06) to be lower in most-efficient cattle. Plasma insulin and ruminal epithelium insulin signaling proteins did not differ (P > 0.05) between RFI groups. However, abundance of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter SLC2A4 and the amino acid transporters SLC1A3 and SLC1A5 also was lower (P ≤ 0.05) in most-efficient cattle. Overall, the data indicate that differences in signaling mechanisms controlling protein turnover and nutrient transport in ruminal epithelium are components of feed efficiency in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Elolimy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Emad Abdel-Hamied
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.,Animal Medicine Department, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Liangyu Hu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Joshua C McCann
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Daniel W Shike
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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