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Yasuda T, Nakajima N, Ogi T, Yanaka T, Tanaka I, Gotoh T, Kagawa W, Sugasawa K, Tajima K. Heavy water inhibits DNA double-strand break repairs and disturbs cellular transcription, presumably via quantum-level mechanisms of kinetic isotope effects on hydrolytic enzyme reactions. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309689. [PMID: 39361575 PMCID: PMC11449287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy water, containing the heavy hydrogen isotope, is toxic to cells, although the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. In addition, certain enzymatic proton transfer reactions exhibit kinetic isotope effects attributed to hydrogen isotopes and their temperature dependencies, indicative of quantum tunneling phenomena. However, the correlation between the biological effects of heavy water and the kinetic isotope effects mediated by hydrogen isotopes remains elusive. In this study, we elucidated the kinetic isotope effects arising from hydrogen isotopes of water and their temperature dependencies in vitro, focusing on deacetylation, DNA cleavage, and protein cleavage, which are crucial enzymatic reactions mediated by hydrolysis. Intriguingly, the intracellular isotope effects of heavy water, related to the in vitro kinetic isotope effects, significantly impeded multiple DNA double-strand break repair mechanisms crucial for cell survival. Additionally, heavy water exposure enhanced histone acetylation and associated transcriptional activation in cells, consistent with the in vitro kinetic isotope effects observed in histone deacetylation reactions. Moreover, as observed for the in vitro kinetic isotope effects, the cytotoxic effect on cell proliferation induced by heavy water exhibited temperature-dependency. These findings reveal the substantial impact of heavy water-induced isotope effects on cellular functions governed by hydrolytic enzymatic reactions, potentially mediated by quantum-level mechanisms underlying kinetic isotope effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yasuda
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nakako Nakajima
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yanaka
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Izumi Tanaka
- Institute for Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takaya Gotoh
- Department of Health Science, Daito Bunka University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Wataru Kagawa
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Program in Chemistry and Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Meisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sugasawa
- Biosignal Research Center, and Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tajima
- Department of Hematology, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
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Ahmad T, Kawasumi R, Hirota K. RAD18- and BRCA1-dependent pathways promote cellular tolerance to the nucleoside analog ganciclovir. Genes Cells 2024. [PMID: 39169841 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Ganciclovir (GCV) is a clinically important drug as it is used to treat viral infections. GCV is incorporated into the DNA during replication, where it interferes with subsequent replication on GCV-incorporated templates. However, the effects of GCV on the host genome and the mechanisms underlying cellular tolerance to GCV remain unclear. In this study, we explored these mechanisms using a collection of mutant DT40 cells. We identified RAD17/-, BRCA1-/-, and RAD18-/- cells as highly GCV-sensitive. RAD17, a component of the alternative checkpoint-clamp loader RAD17-RFC, was required for the activation of the intra-S checkpoint following GCV treatment. BRCA1, a critical factor for promoting homologous recombination (HR), was required for suppressing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Moreover, RAD18, an E3-ligase involved in DNA repair, was critical in suppressing the aberrant ligation of broken chromosomes caused by GCV. We found that BRCA1 suppresses DSBs through HR-mediated repair and template switching (TS)-mediated damage bypass. Moreover, the strong GCV sensitivity of BRCA1-/- cells was rescued by the loss of 53BP1, despite the only partial restoration in the sister chromatid exchange events which are hallmarks of HR. These results indicate that BRCA1 promotes cellular tolerance to GCV through two mechanisms, TS and HR-mediated repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Kawasumi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Hirota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Han DJ, Kim S, Lee SY, Moon Y, Kang SJ, Yoo J, Jeong HY, Cho HJ, Jeon JY, Sim BC, Kim J, Lee S, Xi R, Kim TM. Evolutionary dependency of cancer mutations in gene pairs inferred by nonsynonymous-synonymous mutation ratios. Genome Med 2024; 16:103. [PMID: 39160568 PMCID: PMC11331682 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the impact of somatic mutations requires understanding the functional relationship of genes acquiring mutations; however, it is largely unknown how mutations in functionally related genes influence each other. METHODS We employed non-synonymous-to-synonymous or dNdS ratios to evaluate the evolutionary dependency (ED) of gene pairs, assuming a mutation in one gene of a gene pair can affect the evolutionary fitness of mutations in its partner genes as mutation context. We employed PanCancer- and tumor type-specific mutational profiles to infer the ED of gene pairs and evaluated their biological relevance with respect to gene dependency and drug sensitivity. RESULTS We propose that dNdS ratios of gene pairs and their derived cdNS (context-dependent dNdS) scores as measure of ED distinguishing gene pairs either as synergistic (SYN) or antagonistic (ANT). Mutation contexts can induce substantial changes in the evolutionary fitness of mutations in the paired genes, e.g., IDH1 and IDH2 mutation contexts lead to substantial increase and decrease of dNdS ratios of ATRX indels and IDH1 missense mutations corresponding to SYN and ANT relationship with positive and negative cdNS scores, respectively. The impact of gene silencing or knock-outs on cell viability (genetic dependencies) often depends on ED, suggesting that ED can guide the selection of candidates for synthetic lethality such as TCF7L2-KRAS mutations. Using cell line-based drug sensitivity data, the effects of targeted agents on cell lines are often associated with mutations of genes exhibiting ED with the target genes, informing drug sensitizing or resistant mutations for targeted inhibitors, e.g., PRSS1 and CTCF mutations as resistant mutations to EGFR and BRAF inhibitors for lung adenocarcinomas and melanomas, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the ED of gene pairs evaluated by dNdS ratios can advance our understanding of the functional relationship of genes with potential biological and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jin Han
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Bandodae-ro, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunmin Kim
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Bandodae-ro, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo-Young Lee
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Bandodae-ro, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngbeen Moon
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Bandodae-ro, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jung Kang
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Bandodae-ro, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinseon Yoo
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Bandodae-ro, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Young Jeong
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Bandodae-ro, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Jin Cho
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Bandodae-ro, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Yang Jeon
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Bandodae-ro, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong Chang Sim
- CMC Institute for Basic Medical Science, The Catholic Medical Center of The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- CMC Institute for Basic Medical Science, The Catholic Medical Center of The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruibin Xi
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tae-Min Kim
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Bandodae-ro, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
- CMC Institute for Basic Medical Science, The Catholic Medical Center of The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Washif M, Kawasumi R, Hirota K. REV3 promotes cellular tolerance to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine by activating translesion DNA synthesis and intra-S checkpoint. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011341. [PMID: 38954736 PMCID: PMC11249241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The drug floxuridine (5-fluorodeoxyuridine, FUdR) is an active metabolite of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). It converts to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine triphosphate (FdUTP), which on incorporation into the genome inhibits DNA replication. Additionally, it inhibits thymidylate synthase, causing dTMP shortage while increasing dUMP availability, which induces uracil incorporation into the genome. However, the mechanisms underlying cellular tolerance to FUdR are yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying cellular resistance to FUdR by screening for FUdR hypersensitive mutants from a collection of DT40 mutants deficient in each genomic maintenance system. We identified REV3, which is involved in translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), to be a critical factor in FUdR tolerance. Replication using a FUdR-damaged template was attenuated in REV3-/- cells, indicating that the TLS function of REV3 is required to maintain replication on the FUdR-damaged template. Notably, FUdR-exposed REV3-/- cells exhibited defective cell cycle arrest in the early S phase, suggesting that REV3 is involved in intra-S checkpoint activation. Furthermore, REV3-/- cells showed defects in Chk1 phosphorylation, which is required for checkpoint activation, but the survival of FUdR-exposed REV3-/- cells was further reduced by the inhibition of Chk1 or ATR. These data indicate that REV3 mediates DNA checkpoint activation at least through Chk1 phosphorylation, but this signal acts in parallel with ATR-Chk1 DNA damage checkpoint pathway. Collectively, we reveal a previously unappreciated role of REV3 in FUdR tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubasshir Washif
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Kawasumi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Hirota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Hosen MB, Kawasumi R, Hirota K. Dominant roles of BRCA1 in cellular tolerance to a chain-terminating nucleoside analog, alovudine. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 137:103668. [PMID: 38460389 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Alovudine is a chain-terminating nucleoside analog (CTNA) that is frequently used as an antiviral and anticancer agent. Generally, CTNAs inhibit DNA replication after their incorporation into nascent DNA during DNA synthesis by suppressing subsequent polymerization, which restricts the proliferation of viruses and cancer cells. Alovudine is a thymidine analog used as an antiviral drug. However, the mechanisms underlying the removal of alovudine and DNA damage tolerance pathways involved in cellular resistance to alovudine remain unclear. Here, we explored the DNA damage tolerance pathways responsible for cellular tolerance to alovudine and found that BRCA1-deficient cells exhibited the highest sensitivity to alovudine. Moreover, alovudine interfered with DNA replication in two distinct mechanisms: first: alovudine incorporated at the end of nascent DNA interfered with subsequent DNA synthesis; second: DNA replication stalled on the alovudine-incorporated template strand. Additionally, BRCA1 facilitated the removal of the incorporated alovudine from nascent DNA, and BRCA1-mediated homologous recombination (HR) contributed to the progressive replication on the alovudine-incorporated template. Thus, we have elucidated the previously unappreciated mechanism of alovudine-mediated inhibition of DNA replication and the role of BRCA1 in cellular tolerance to alovudine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Bayejid Hosen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiosawa 1-1, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Kawasumi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiosawa 1-1, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kouji Hirota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiosawa 1-1, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
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6
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Zhao SJ, Prior D, Heske CM, Vasquez JC. Therapeutic Targeting of DNA Repair Pathways in Pediatric Extracranial Solid Tumors: Current State and Implications for Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1648. [PMID: 38730598 PMCID: PMC11083679 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is fundamental to tumorigenesis, and the inability to repair DNA damage is a hallmark of many human cancers. DNA is repaired via the DNA damage repair (DDR) apparatus, which includes five major pathways. DDR deficiencies in cancers give rise to potential therapeutic targets, as cancers harboring DDR deficiencies become increasingly dependent on alternative DDR pathways for survival. In this review, we summarize the DDR apparatus, and examine the current state of research efforts focused on identifying vulnerabilities in DDR pathways that can be therapeutically exploited in pediatric extracranial solid tumors. We assess the potential for synergistic combinations of different DDR inhibitors as well as combinations of DDR inhibitors with chemotherapy. Lastly, we discuss the immunomodulatory implications of targeting DDR pathways and the potential for using DDR inhibitors to enhance tumor immunogenicity, with the goal of improving the response to immune checkpoint blockade in pediatric solid tumors. We review the ongoing and future research into DDR in pediatric tumors and the subsequent pediatric clinical trials that will be critical to further elucidate the efficacy of the approaches targeting DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia J. Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (S.J.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniel Prior
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (S.J.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Christine M. Heske
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Juan C. Vasquez
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (S.J.Z.); (D.P.)
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7
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Cupit-Link M, Hagiwara K, Zhang J, Federico SM. Clinical Response to a PARP Inhibitor and Chemotherapy in a Child with BARD1-Mutated Refractory Neuroblastoma: A Case Report. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3250117. [PMID: 37645774 PMCID: PMC10462232 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3250117/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma, approximately half of these patients die from the disease. Targeted therapy based on synthetic lethality associated with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) caused by germline mutations in homologous recombination repair genes has shown great efficacy in several adult solid tumors. Here we report the first successful treatment of a pediatric patient with refractory neuroblastoma and a germline pathogenic mutation in BARD1 using a PARP inhibitor, talazoparib, in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Allele-specific expression in RNA-seq indicates bi-allelic loss of BARD1 in tumor; however, the HRD score was below the threshold currently used for HRD classification in adult cancers. Our study demonstrates that the use of PARP inhibition in combination with DNA-damaging agents should be considered in children with BARD1-mutated neuroblastoma and cautions against the use of HRD score alone as a biomarker for this pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Cupit-Link
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Kohei Hagiwara
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Sara M. Federico
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
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8
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Köcher S, Zech HB, Krug L, Gatzemeier F, Christiansen S, Meyer F, Rietow R, Struve N, Mansour WY, Kriegs M, Petersen C, Betz C, Rothkamm K, Rieckmann T. A Lack of Effectiveness in the ATM-Orchestrated DNA Damage Response Contributes to the DNA Repair Defect of HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:765968. [PMID: 35719921 PMCID: PMC9204973 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.765968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with human papillomavirus-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HPV+ HNSCC) have a favorable prognosis compared to those with HPV-negative (HPV−) ones. We have shown previously that HPV+ HNSCC cell lines are characterized by enhanced radiation sensitivity and impaired DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Since then, various publications have suggested a defect in homologous recombination (HR) and dysregulated expression of DSB repair proteins as underlying mechanisms, but conclusions were often based on very few cell lines. When comparing the expression levels of suggested proteins and other key repair factors in 6 HPV+ vs. 5 HPV− HNSCC strains, we could not confirm most of the published differences. Furthermore, HPV+ HNSCC strains did not demonstrate enhanced sensitivity towards PARP inhibition, questioning a general HR defect. Interestingly, our expression screen revealed minimal levels of the central DNA damage response kinase ATM in the two most radiosensitive HPV+ strains. We therefore tested whether insufficient ATM activity may contribute to the enhanced cellular radiosensitivity. Irrespective of their ATM expression level, radiosensitive HPV+ HNSCC cells displayed DSB repair kinetics similar to ATM-deficient cells. Upon ATM inhibition, HPV+ cell lines showed only a marginal increase in residual radiation-induced γH2AX foci and induction of G2 cell cycle arrest as compared to HPV− ones. In line with these observations, ATM inhibition sensitized HPV+ HNSCC strains less towards radiation than HPV− strains, resulting in similar levels of sensitivity. Unexpectedly, assessment of the phosphorylation kinetics of the ATM targets KAP-1 and Chk2 as well as ATM autophosphorylation after radiation did not indicate directly compromised ATM activity in HPV-positive cells. Furthermore, ATM inhibition delayed radiation induced DNA end resection in both HPV+ and HPV− cells to a similar extent, further suggesting comparable functionality. In conclusion, DNA repair kinetics and a reduced effectiveness of ATM inhibition clearly point to an impaired ATM-orchestrated DNA damage response in HPV+ HNSCC cells, but since ATM itself is apparently functional, the molecular mechanisms need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Köcher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henrike Barbara Zech
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred-Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Krug
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fruzsina Gatzemeier
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Christiansen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Meyer
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Rietow
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Department, Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Struve
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred-Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wael Yassin Mansour
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred-Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Betz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rieckmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Thorsten Rieckmann,
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D’Ambrosio C, Erriquez J, Capellero S, Cignetto S, Alvaro M, Ciamporcero E, Di Renzo MF, Perera T, Valabrega G, Olivero M. Cancer Cells Haploinsufficient for ATM Are Sensitized to PARP Inhibitors by MET Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5770. [PMID: 35628590 PMCID: PMC9146142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The MET oncogene encodes a tyrosine kinase (TK) receptor. Its activation protects cells from death but also stimulates DNA damage response by triggering excess replicative stress. Transcriptomic classification of cancer cell lines based on MET expression showed that response to the PARP inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib is poorer in MET overexpressing cell lines. Accordingly, a high MET expressing lung carcinoma cell line was sensitized to PARPi by MET TK inhibition. This was not linked solely to MET overexpression: other MET overexpressing cell lines were biochemically but not functionally responsive to combined inhibition. Moreover, exogenously induced MET overexpression was unable to induce resistance to PARPi. The MET overexpressing cell line, responsive to the combined PARP and MET inhibition, carried a heterozygous mutation of the ATM gene and showed an attenuated response of ATM to PARPi. Among the downstream targets of ATM activation, NuMA was phosphorylated only in response to the combined PARP and MET inhibition. Given the role played by NuMA in mitosis, data show that the latter is affected by MET and PARP inhibition in cells with haploinsufficient ATM. This is important as ATM heterozygous mutation is frequently found in human cancer and in lung carcinomas in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta D’Ambrosio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (S.C.); (M.A.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Jessica Erriquez
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (S.C.); (M.A.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
| | - Sonia Capellero
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (S.C.); (M.A.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Cignetto
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (S.C.); (M.A.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Alvaro
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (S.C.); (M.A.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Maria Flavia Di Renzo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (S.C.); (M.A.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Timothy Perera
- OCTIMET Oncology NV, 2340 Beerse, Belgium; (E.C.); (T.P.)
| | - Giorgio Valabrega
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (S.C.); (M.A.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Martina Olivero
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (S.C.); (M.A.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
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10
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Xue Z, Zheng S, Linghu D, Liu B, Yang Y, Chen MK, Huang H, Song J, Li H, Wang J, Hung MC, Zhong D, Sun L. PD-L1 deficiency sensitizes tumor cells to DNA-PK inhibition and enhances cGAS-STING activation. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2363-2375. [PMID: 35693073 PMCID: PMC9185610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies that block PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoint proteins represent a landmark breakthrough in cancer treatment. Although the role of PD-L1 in suppressing T cell activity has been extensively studied, its cancer cell-intrinsic functions are not well understood. Herein, we demonstrated that PD-L1 is important for the repair of DNA damage in cancer cells. Mechanically, depletion of PD-L1 led to the downregulation of the critical molecules involved in the homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway, such as ATM and BRCA1, but did not obviously affect the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. Notably, PD-L1 silence sensitized cancer cells to chemotherapy agents and the inhibitor of DNA-PK, which is an important kinase for NHEJ. Furthermore, PD-L1 depletion potentiated DNA damage-induced cGAS-STING pathway and induction of IFNβ. The regulation of DNA repair and cGAS-STING pathway by PD-L1 represents its connection with innate immunity that can be exploited to enhance the efficacy of existing immunotherapy. Our findings thus expand the focus of PD-L1 from tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells to innate immunity, and support targeting tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 combined with DNA-PK inhibition for tumor eradication, through promoting synthetic lethality and innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Dongli Linghu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Boning Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Kuang Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hua Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Jiaming Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Hongyue Li
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas 77030, USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Diansheng Zhong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052, P. R. China
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11
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Hong Z, Liu T, Wan L, Fa P, Kumar P, Cao Y, Prasad CB, Qiu Z, Joseph L, Hongbing W, Li Z, Wang QE, Guo P, Guo D, Yilmaz AS, Lu L, Papandreou I, Jacob NK, Yan C, Zhang X, She QB, Ma Z, Zhang J. Targeting Squalene Epoxidase Interrupts Homologous Recombination via the ER Stress Response and Promotes Radiotherapy Efficacy. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1298-1312. [PMID: 35045984 PMCID: PMC8983553 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over 50% of all patients with cancer are treated with radiotherapy. However, radiotherapy is often insufficient as a monotherapy and requires a nontoxic radiosensitizer. Squalene epoxidase (SQLE) controls cholesterol biosynthesis by converting squalene to 2,3-oxidosqualene. Given that SQLE is frequently overexpressed in human cancer, this study investigated the importance of SQLE in breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), two cancers often treated with radiotherapy. SQLE-positive IHC staining was observed in 68% of breast cancer and 56% of NSCLC specimens versus 15% and 25% in normal breast and lung tissue, respectively. Importantly, SQLE expression was an independent predictor of poor prognosis, and pharmacologic inhibition of SQLE enhanced breast and lung cancer cell radiosensitivity. In addition, SQLE inhibition enhanced sensitivity to PARP inhibition. Inhibition of SQLE interrupted homologous recombination by suppressing ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activity via the translational upregulation of wild-type p53-induced phosphatase (WIP1), regardless of the p53 status. SQLE inhibition and subsequent squalene accumulation promoted this upregulation by triggering the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Collectively, these results identify a novel tumor-specific radiosensitizer by revealing unrecognized cross-talk between squalene metabolites, ER stress, and the DNA damage response. Although SQLE inhibitors have been used as antifungal agents in the clinic, they have not yet been used as antitumor agents. Repurposing existing SQLE-inhibiting drugs may provide new cancer treatments. SIGNIFICANCE Squalene epoxidase inhibitors are novel tumor-specific radiosensitizers that promote ER stress and suppress homologous recombination, providing a new potential therapeutic approach to enhance radiotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lingfeng Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Pengyan Fa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yanan Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Chandra Bhushan Prasad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zhaojun Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Liu Joseph
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Wang Hongbing
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Qi-En Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ayse Selen Yilmaz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | - Lanchun Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ioanna Papandreou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Naduparambil K Jacob
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Chunhong Yan
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | - Qing-Bai She
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Zhefu Ma
- Department Breast Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, China
- Department Breast & Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 of Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, 43210, USA
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12
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Low-Dose-Rate Irradiation Suppresses the Expression of Cell Cycle-Related Genes, Resulting in Modification of Sensitivity to Anti-Cancer Drugs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030501. [PMID: 35159310 PMCID: PMC8833988 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological effects of low-dose-rate (LDR) radiation exposure in nuclear power plant accidents and medical uses of ionizing radiation (IR), although being a social concern, remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of LDR-IR on global gene expression in human cells and aimed to clarify the mechanisms. RNA-seq analyses demonstrated that relatively low dose rates of IR modify gene expression levels in TIG-3 cells under normoxic conditions, but those effects were attenuated under hypoxia-mimicking conditions. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that LDR-IR significantly decreased gene expression related to cell division, cell cycle, mitosis, and the Aurora kinase B and FOXM1 pathways. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the down-regulation of AURKB and FOXM1 genes in TIG-3 cells with LDR-IR or hypoxia-mimicking treatments without any dose-rate effect. Knock-down experiments suggested that HIF-1α and HIF-2α, as well as DEC1, participated in down-regulation of AURKB and FOXM1 under DFOM treatments, but to a lesser extent under LDR-IR treatment. FACS and microscopic analyses demonstrated that LDR-IR induced G0/G1 arrest and increased micronucleus or chromosome condensation. Finally, MTT assays demonstrated that LDR-IR decreased sensitivity to paclitaxel or barasertib in TIG-3 cells but not in A549 cells. In conclusion, LDR-IR modifies global gene expression and cell cycle control, resulting in a reduction of sensitivity to anti-cancer chemotherapy in non-cancer cells and thus a reduction in untoward effects (GA).
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13
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Zhang J, Wu Q, Zhu L, Xie S, Tu L, Yang Y, Wu K, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Xu Y, Chen X, Ma S, Zhang S. SERPINE2/PN-1 regulates the DNA damage response and radioresistance by activating ATM in lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 524:268-283. [PMID: 34648881 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the DNA damage response (DDR) is associated with the radioresistance characteristics of lung cancer cells, the specific regulators and underlying mechanisms of the DDR are unclear. Here, we identified the serine proteinase inhibitor clade E member 2 (SERPINE2) as a modulator of radiosensitivity and the DDR in lung cancer. Cells exhibiting radioresistance after ionizing radiation show upregulation of SERPINE2, and SERPINE2 knockdown improves tumor radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Functionally, SERPINE2 deficiency causes a reduction in homologous recombination repair, rapid recovery of cell cycle checkpoints, and suppression of migration and invasion. Mechanistically, SERPINE2 knockdown inhibits the accumulation of p-ATM and the downstream repair protein RAD51 during DNA repair, and RAD51 can restore DNA damage and radioresistance phenotypes in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, SERPINE2 can directly interact with MRE11 and ATM to facilitate its phosphorylation in HR-mediated DSB repair. In addition, high SERPINE2 expression correlates with dismal prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients, and a high serum SERPINE2 concentration predicts a poor response to radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients. In summary, these findings indicate a novel regulatory mechanism by which SERPINE2 modulates the DDR and radioresistance in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Lucheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shujun Xie
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Linglan Tu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Kan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yasi Xu
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Cancer Medical Center, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311201, China.
| | - Shirong Zhang
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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14
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Dong C, Wang X, Sun L, Zhu L, Yang D, Gao S, Zhang W, Ling B, Liang A, Gao Z, Xu J. ATM modulates subventricular zone neural stem cell maintenance and senescence through Notch signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res 2021; 58:102618. [PMID: 34915311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) plays an essential role in DNA damage response and the maintenance of genomic stability. However, the role of ATM in regulating the function of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) remains unclear. Here we report that ATM deficiency led to accumulated DNA damage and decreased DNA damage repair capacity in neural progenitor cells. Moreover, we observed ATM ablation lead to the short-term increase of proliferation of neural progenitor cells, resulting in the depletion of the NSC pool over time, and this loss of NSC quiescence resulted in accelerated cell senescence. We further apply RNA sequencing to unravel that ATM knockout significantly affected Notch signaling pathway, furthermore, notch activation inhibit the abnormal increased proliferation of ATM-/- NSCs. Taken together, these findings indicate that ATM can serve as a key regulator for the normal function of adult NSCs by maintaining their stemness and preventing cellular senescence primarily through Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanming Dong
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xianli Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Danjing Yang
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Shane Gao
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Bin Ling
- The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650021, China.
| | - Aibin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Zhengliang Gao
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
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15
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Li H, Yang W, Zhang M, He T, Zhou F, G Herman J, Hu L, Guo M. Methylation of TMEM176A, a key ERK signaling regulator, is a novel synthetic lethality marker of ATM inhibitors in human lung cancer. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1403-1419. [PMID: 34558311 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The role of TMEM176A methylation in lung cancer and its therapeutic application remains unclear. Materials and methods: Nine lung cancer cell lines and 123 cases of cancer tissue samples were employed. Results: TMEM176A was methylated in 53.66% of primary lung cancer. Restoration of TMEM176A expression induced cell apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest, and inhibited colony formation, cell proliferation, migration and invasion. TMEM176A suppressed H1299 cell xenograft growth in mice. Methylation of TMEM176A activated ERK signaling and sensitized H1299 and H23 cells to AZD0156, an ATM inhibitor. Conclusion: The expression of TMEM176A is regulated by promoter region methylation. Methylation of TMEM176A is a potential lung cancer diagnostic marker and a novel synthetic lethal therapeutic marker for AZD0156.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Faculty of Environmental & Life Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Oncology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Weili Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Pathology, Characteristic Medical Center of The Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - James G Herman
- The Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 2.18/Research, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Liming Hu
- Faculty of Environmental & Life Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Oncology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
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16
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Fernando M, Duijf PHG, Proctor M, Stevenson AJ, Ehmann A, Vora S, Skalamera D, Adams M, Gabrielli B. Dysregulated G2 phase checkpoint recovery pathway reduces DNA repair efficiency and increases chromosomal instability in a wide range of tumours. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:41. [PMID: 33993200 PMCID: PMC8124070 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective DNA repair is being demonstrated to be a useful target in cancer treatment. Currently, defective repair is identified by specific gene mutations, however defective repair is a common feature of cancers without these mutations. DNA damage triggers cell cycle checkpoints that are responsible for co-ordinating cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. Defects in checkpoint signalling components such as ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) occur in a low proportion of cancers and are responsible for reduced DNA repair and increased genomic instability. Here we have investigated the AURKA-PLK1 cell cycle checkpoint recovery pathway that is responsible for exit from the G2 phase cell cycle checkpoint arrest. We demonstrate that dysregulation of PP6 and AURKA maintained elevated PLK1 activation to promote premature exit from only ATM, and not ATR-dependent checkpoint arrest. Surprisingly, depletion of the B55α subunit of PP2A that negatively regulates PLK1 was capable of overcoming ATM and ATR checkpoint arrests. Dysregulation of the checkpoint recovery pathway reduced S/G2 phase DNA repair efficiency and increased genomic instability. We found a strong correlation between dysregulation of the PP6-AURKA-PLK1-B55α checkpoint recovery pathway with signatures of defective homologous recombination and increased chromosomal instability in several cancer types. This work has identified an unrealised source of G2 phase DNA repair defects and chromosomal instability that are likely to be sensitive to treatments targeting defective repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madushan Fernando
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Martina Proctor
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Anna Ehmann
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shivam Vora
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dubravka Skalamera
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Adams
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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17
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Maranon DG, Sharma N, Huang Y, Selemenakis P, Wang M, Altina N, Zhao W, Wiese C. NUCKS1 promotes RAD54 activity in homologous recombination DNA repair. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:152064. [PMID: 32876692 PMCID: PMC7659731 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201911049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NUCKS1 (nuclear ubiquitous casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1) is a chromatin-associated, vertebrate-specific, and multifunctional protein with a role in DNA damage signaling and repair. Previously, we have shown that NUCKS1 helps maintain homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair in human cells and functions as a tumor suppressor in mice. However, the mechanisms by which NUCKS1 positively impacts these processes had remained unclear. Here, we show that NUCKS1 physically and functionally interacts with the DNA motor protein RAD54. Upon exposure of human cells to DNA-damaging agents, NUCKS1 controls the resolution of RAD54 foci. In unperturbed cells, NUCKS1 prevents RAD54's inappropriate engagement with RAD51AP1. In vitro, NUCKS1 stimulates the ATPase activity of RAD54 and the RAD51-RAD54-mediated strand invasion step during displacement loop formation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the NUCKS1 protein is an important new regulator of the spatiotemporal events in HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Maranon
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Platon Selemenakis
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Meiling Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Noelia Altina
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Weixing Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Claudia Wiese
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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18
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Nikolova E, Tonev D, Zhelev N, Neychev V. Prospects for Radiopharmaceuticals as Effective and Safe Therapeutics in Oncology and Challenges of Tumor Resistance to Radiotherapy. Dose Response 2021; 19:1559325821993665. [PMID: 33716590 PMCID: PMC7923993 DOI: 10.1177/1559325821993665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid advances in nuclear medicine have resulted in significant advantages for the field of oncology. The focus is on the application of radiopharmaceuticals as therapeuticals. In addition, the latest developments in cell biology (the understanding of the cell structure, function, metabolism, genetics, signaling, transformation) have given a strong scientific boost to radiation oncology. In this regard, the article discusses what is soon going to be a new jump in radiation oncology based on the already accumulated considerable knowledge at the cellular level about the mechanisms of cell transformation and tumor progression, cell response to radiation, cell resistance to apoptosis and radiation and cell radio-sensitivity. The mechanisms of resistance of tumor cells to radiation and the genetically determined individual sensitivity to radiation in patients (which creates the risk of radiation-induced acute and late side effects) are the 2 major challenges to overcome in modern nuclear medicine. The paper focuses on these problems and makes a detailed summary of the significance of the differences in the ionizing properties of radiopharmaceuticals and the principle of their application in radiation oncology that will shed additional light on how to make the anti-cancer radiotherapies more efficient and safe, giving some ideas for optimizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Nikolova
- Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Tonev
- Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolai Zhelev
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.,Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vladimir Neychev
- University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
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19
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Wang J, Oh YT, Li Z, Dou J, Tang S, Wang X, Wang H, Takeda S, Wang Y. RAD52 Adjusts Repair of Single-Strand Breaks via Reducing DNA-Damage-Promoted XRCC1/LIG3α Co-localization. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108625. [PMID: 33440161 PMCID: PMC7872142 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation sensitive 52 (RAD52) is an important factor for double-strand break repair (DSBR). However, deficiency in vertebrate/mammalian Rad52 has no apparent phenotype. The underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report that RAD52 deficiency increased cell survival after camptothecin (CPT) treatment. CPT generates single-strand breaks (SSBs) that further convert to double-strand breaks (DSBs) if they are not repaired. RAD52 inhibits SSB repair (SSBR) through strong single-strand DNA (ssDNA) and/or poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) binding affinity to reduce DNA-damage-promoted X-Ray Repair Cross Complementing 1 (XRCC1)/ligase IIIα (LIG3α) co-localization. The inhibitory effects of RAD52 on SSBR neutralize the role of RAD52 in DSBR, suggesting that RAD52 may maintain a balance between cell survival and genomic integrity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that blocking RAD52 oligomerization that disrupts RAD52’s DSBR, while retaining its ssDNA binding capacity that is required for RAD52’s inhibitory effects on SSBR, sensitizes cells to different DNA-damaging agents. This discovery provides guidance for developing efficient RAD52 inhibitors in cancer therapy. Wang et al. show that vertebrate/mammalian RAD52 promotes CPT-induced cell death via inhibition of PARP-mediated SSBR, which involves RAD52’s strong ssDNA/PAR binding affinity that reduces DNA-damage-promoted XRCC1-LIG3a interaction. Blocking of RAD52 oligomerization, while retaining the ssDNA binding capacity of RAD52, efficiently sensitizes cells to different DNA-damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - You-Take Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhentian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Juan Dou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Siyuan Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- CREST Research Project, Radiation Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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20
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Tao M, Cheng J, Wu X. Niraparib as Maintenance Therapy in Germline ATM-mutated and Somatic BRCA2-mutated Ovarian Cancer with Brain Metastases: A Case Report and Literature Review. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12979-12986. [PMID: 33376347 PMCID: PMC7755878 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s281302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases from epithelial ovarian cancer are very rare with an incidence of only 1–2.5%. Many therapeutic methods such as surgery, irradiation and chemotherapy do produce survival benefits, but the overall outcome remains unsatisfactory. The BRCA (breast cancer susceptibility gene) mutation status seems to be associated with the development of brain metastases from ovarian cancer and these patients may benefit from treatment with PARP (poly ADP ribose polymerase) inhibitors. Here is a case where a Chinese female patient diagnosed with high-grade serous ovarian cancer with brain metastases was detected to have known germline ATM mutation and somatic BRCA2 mutation. The patient underwent whole brain radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy, commenced niraparib as maintenance treatment and then presented considerable clinical and radiological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Tao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiejun Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
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21
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Xie H, Wang W, Xia B, Jin W, Lou G. Therapeutic applications of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110204. [PMID: 32422564 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy with a high recurrence rate. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are one of the most active new therapies for treatment of ovarian cancer. These treatment modalities are based on the mechanisms of "synthetic lethal" and "PARP trapping", especially for patients with homologous recombination deficiencies, and they demonstrate a high survival advantage. However, resistance to PARPi is an emerging problem. Identifying potential biomarkers to monitor the resistance and developing drug combination strategies are effective ways to address PARPi resistance. This review introduces the mechanisms of anticancer activity of PARPi and the developmental history in clinical research. Moreover, this paper systematically analyzes the functions of PARP family proteins. Additionally, this work highlights the treatment prospects of the combination of immunotherapy and PARPi in ovarian cancer. Finally, we propose several novel technologies to overcome the limitations of current preclinical studies and utilize them to select potential targets for combined drug therapy and identify biomarkers of PARPi resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Xie
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Bairong Xia
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Weilin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, PR China.
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22
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Ka HI, Lee S, Han S, Jeong AL, Park JY, Joo HJ, Soh SJ, Park D, Yang Y. Deubiquitinase USP47-stabilized splicing factor IK regulates the splicing of ATM pre-mRNA. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:34. [PMID: 32377397 PMCID: PMC7198525 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IK depletion leads to an aberrant mitotic entry because of chromosomal misalignment through the enhancement of Aurora B activity at the interphase. Here, we demonstrate that IK, a spliceosomal component, plays a crucial role in the proper splicing of the ATM pre-mRNA among other genes related with the DNA Damage Response (DDR). Intron 1 in the ATM pre-mRNA, having lengths <200 bp, was not spliced in the IK-depleted cells and led to a deficiency of the ATM protein. Subsequently, the IK depletion-induced ATM protein deficiency impaired the ability to repair the damaged DNA. Because the absence of SMU1 results in IK degradation, the mechanism underlying IK degradation was exploited. IK was ubiquitinated in the absence of SMU1 and then subjected to proteolysis through the 26S proteasome. To prevent the proteolytic degradation of IK, a deubiquitinating enzyme, USP47, directly interacted with IK and stabilized it through deubiquitination. Collectively, our results suggest that IK is required for proper splicing of the ATM pre-mRNA and USP47 contributes toward the stabilization of IK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye In Ka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Sunyi Lee
- Drug Evaluation Group, R&D Center CJ HealthCare, Icheon, 04551 Korea
| | - Sora Han
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Ae Lee Jeong
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Osong, 28160 Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Joo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Su Jung Soh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Doyeon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Young Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
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23
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Liu X, Jiang Y, Nowak B, Ichikawa S, Ohtawa M, Matsuda A, Plunkett W. Repair of DNA damage induced by the novel nucleoside analogue CNDAG through homologous recombination. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:661-672. [PMID: 32072218 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We postulate that the deoxyguanosine analogue CNDAG [9-(2-C-cyano-2-deoxy-1-β-D-arabino-pentofuranosyl)guanine] likely causes a single-strand break after incorporation into DNA, similar to the action of its cytosine congener CNDAC, and that subsequent DNA replication across the unrepaired nick would generate a double-strand break. This study aimed at identifying cellular responses and repair mechanisms for CNDAG prodrugs, 2-amino-9-(2-C-cyano-2-deoxy-1-β-D-arabino-pentofuranosyl)-6-methoxy purine (6-OMe) and 9-(2-C-cyano-2-deoxy-1-β-D-arabino-pentofuranosyl)-2,6-diaminopurine (6-NH2). Each compound is a substrate for adenosine deaminase, the action of which generates CNDAG. METHODS Growth inhibition assay, clonogenic survival assay, immunoblotting, and cytogenetic analyses (chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges) were used to investigate the impact of CNDAG on cell lines. RESULTS The 6-NH2 derivative was selectively potent in T cell malignant cell lines. Both prodrugs caused increased phosphorylation of ATM and its downstream substrates Chk1, Chk2, SMC1, NBS1, and H2AX, indicating activation of ATM-dependent DNA damage response pathways. In contrast, there was no increase in phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs, which participates in repair of double-strand breaks by non-homologous end-joining. Deficiency in ATM, RAD51D, XRCC3, BRCA2, and XPF, but not DNA-PK or p53, conferred significant clonogenic sensitivity to CNDAG or the prodrugs. Moreover, hamster cells lacking XPF acquired remarkably more chromosomal aberrations after incubation for two cell cycle times with CNDAG 6-NH2, compared to the wild type. Furthermore, CNDAG 6-NH2 induced greater levels of sister chromatid exchanges in wild-type cells exposed for two cycles than those for one cycle, consistent with increased double-strand breaks after a second S phase. CONCLUSION CNDAG-induced double-strand breaks are repaired mainly through homologous recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yingjun Jiang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Billie Nowak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ichikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohtawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - William Plunkett
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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24
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Zhao K, Wang X, Xue X, Li L, Hu Y. A long noncoding RNA sensitizes genotoxic treatment by attenuating ATM activation and homologous recombination repair in cancers. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000666. [PMID: 32203529 PMCID: PMC7138317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is an apical kinase of the DNA damage response following DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs); however, the mechanisms of ATM activation are not completely understood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of regulatory molecules whose significant roles in DNA damage response have started to emerge. However, how lncRNA regulates ATM activity remains unknown. Here, we identify an inhibitor of ATM activation, lncRNA HITT (HIF-1α inhibitor at translation level). Mechanistically, HITT directly interacts with ATM at the HEAT repeat domain, blocking MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex-dependent ATM recruitment, leading to restrained homologous recombination repair and enhanced chemosensitization. Following DSBs, HITT is elevated mainly by the activation of Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1), resulting in retarded and restricted ATM activation. A reverse association between HITT and ATM activity was also detected in human colon cancer tissues. Furthermore, HITTs sensitize DNA damaging agent-induced cell death both in vitro and in vivo. These findings connect lncRNA directly to ATM activity regulation and reveal potential roles for HITT in sensitizing cancers to genotoxic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xingwen Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xuting Xue
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Li Li
- The fourth affiliated hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Shenzhen Graduate School of Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
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25
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Gómez-González B, Barroso S, Herrera-Moyano E, Aguilera A. Spontaneous DNA-RNA hybrids: differential impacts throughout the cell cycle. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:525-531. [PMID: 32065022 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1728015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of research supports that transcription plays a major role among the many sources of replicative stress contributing to genome instability. It is therefore not surprising that the DNA damage response has a role in the prevention of transcription-induced threatening events such as the formation of DNA-RNA hybrids, as we have recently found through an siRNA screening. Three major DDR pathways were defined to participate in the protection against DNA-RNA hybrids: ATM/CHK2, ATR/CHK1 and Postreplication Repair (PRR). Based on these observations, we envision different scenarios of DNA-RNA hybridization and their consequent DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Gómez-González
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Sonia Barroso
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Emilia Herrera-Moyano
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Andrés Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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26
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Hoppe MM, Sundar R, Tan DSP, Jeyasekharan AD. Biomarkers for Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 110:704-713. [PMID: 29788099 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective DNA repair is a common hallmark of cancer. Homologous recombination is a DNA repair pathway of clinical interest due to the sensitivity of homologous recombination-deficient cells to poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. The measurement of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in cancer is therefore vital to the appropriate design of clinical trials incorporating PARP inhibitors. However, methods to identify HRD in tumors are varied and controversial. Understanding existing and new methods to measure HRD is important to their appropriate use in clinical trials and practice. The aim of this review is to summarize the biology and clinical validation of current methods to measure HRD, to aid decision-making for patient stratification and translational research in PARP inhibitor trials. We discuss the current clinical development of PARP inhibitors, along with established indicators for HRD such as germline BRCA1/2 mutation status and clinical response to platinum-based therapy. We then examine newer assays undergoing clinical validation, including 1) somatic mutations in homologous recombination genes, 2) "genomic scar" assays using array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis or mutational signatures derived from next-generation sequencing, 3) transcriptional profiles of HRD, and 4) phenotypic or functional assays of protein expression and localization. We highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each of these assays, for consideration during the design of studies involving PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal M Hoppe
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Raghav Sundar
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - David S P Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Anand D Jeyasekharan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore
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27
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Pearson SJ, Roy Sarkar T, McQueen CM, Elswood J, Schmitt EE, Wall SW, Scribner KC, Wyatt G, Barhoumi R, Behbod F, Rijnkels M, Porter WW. ATM-dependent activation of SIM2s regulates homologous recombination and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncogene 2019; 38:2611-2626. [PMID: 30531838 PMCID: PMC6450754 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that genomic instability is a prerequisite for cancer progression. Here we show that SIM2s, a member of the bHLH/PAS family of transcription factors, regulates DNA damage repair through enhancement of homologous recombination (HR), and prevents epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) in an Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we found that SIM2s interacts with ATM and is stabilized through ATM-dependent phosphorylation in response to IR. Once stabilized, SIM2s interacts with BRCA1 and supports RAD51 recruitment to the site of DNA damage. Loss of SIM2s through the introduction of shSIM2 or the mutation of SIM2s at one of the predicted ATM phosphorylation sites (S115) reduces HR efficiency through disruption of RAD51 recruitment, resulting in genomic instability and induction of EMT. The EMT induced by the mutation of S115 is characterized by a decrease in E-cadherin and an induction of the basal marker, K14, resulting in increased invasion and metastasis. Together, these results identify a novel player in the DNA damage repair pathway and provides a link in ductal carcinoma in situ progression to invasive ductal carcinoma through loss of SIM2s, increased genomic instability, EMT, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Pearson
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Tapasree Roy Sarkar
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Cole M McQueen
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jessica Elswood
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Emily E Schmitt
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Steven W Wall
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kelly C Scribner
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Garhett Wyatt
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Rola Barhoumi
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Fariba Behbod
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Monique Rijnkels
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Weston W Porter
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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28
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent lymphoma genome sequencing projects have shed light on the genomic landscape of indolent and aggressive lymphomas, as well as some of the molecular mechanisms underlying recurrent mutations and translocations in these entities. Here, we review these recent genomic discoveries, focusing on acquired DNA repair defects in lymphoma. In addition, we highlight recently identified actionable molecular vulnerabilities associated with recurrent mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which serves as a model entity. RECENT FINDINGS The results of several large lymphoma genome sequencing projects have recently been reported, including CLL, T-PLL and DLBCL. We align these discoveries with proposed mechanisms of mutation acquisition in B-cell lymphomas. Moreover, novel autochthonous mouse models of CLL have recently been generated and we discuss how these models serve as preclinical tools to drive the development of novel targeted therapeutic interventions. Lastly, we highlight the results of early clinical data on novel compounds targeting defects in the DNA damage response of CLL with a particular focus on deleterious ATM mutations. SUMMARY Defects in DNA repair pathways are selected events in cancer, including lymphomas. Specifically, ATM deficiency is associated with PARP1- and DNA-PKcs inhibitor sensitivity in vitro and in vivo.
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29
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Jiang X, Li X, Li W, Bai H, Zhang Z. PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer: Sensitivity prediction and resistance mechanisms. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2303-2313. [PMID: 30672100 PMCID: PMC6433712 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have provided great clinical benefits to ovarian cancer patients. To date, three PARP inhibitors, namely, olaparib, rucaparib and niraparib have been approved for the treatment of ovarian cancer in the United States. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and platinum sensitivity are prospective biomarkers for predicting the response to PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancers. Preclinical data have focused on identifying the gene aberrations that might generate HRD and induce sensitivity to PARP inhibitors in vitro in cancer cell lines or in vivo in patient‐derived xenografts. Clinical trials have focused on genomic scar analysis to identify biomarkers for predicting the response to PARP inhibitors. Additionally, researchers have aimed to investigate mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitors and strategies to overcome this resistance. Combining PARP inhibitors with HR pathway inhibitors to extend the utility of PARP inhibitors to BRCA‐proficient tumours is increasingly foreseeable. Identifying the population of patients with the greatest potential benefit from PARP inhibitor therapy and the circumstances under which patients are no longer suited for PARP inhibitor therapy are important. Further studies are required in order to propose better strategies for overcoming resistance to PARP inhibitor therapy in ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Topoisomerase IIβ-binding protein 1 activates expression of E2F1 and p73 in HPV-positive cells for genome amplification upon epithelial differentiation. Oncogene 2019; 38:3274-3287. [PMID: 30631149 PMCID: PMC6486426 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) constitutively activate the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) DNA damage repair pathways for viral genome amplification. HPVs activate these pathways through the immune regulator STAT-5. For the ATR pathway, STAT-5 increases expression of the topoisomerase IIβ-binding protein 1 (TopBP1), a scaffold protein that binds ATR and recruits it to sites of DNA damage. TopBP1 also acts as a transcriptional regulator and we investigated how this activity influenced the HPV life cycle. We determined that TopBP1 levels are increased in cervical intraepithelial neoplasias as well as cervical carcinomas, consistent with studies in HPV-positive cell lines. Suppression of TopBP1 by shRNAs impairs HPV genome amplification and activation of the ATR pathway but does not affect the total levels of ATR and CHK1. In contrast, knockdown reduces the expression of other DNA damage factors such as RAD51 and Mre11 but not BRCA2 or NBS1. Interestingly, TopBP1 positively regulates the expression of E2F1, a TopBP1 binding partner, and p73, in HPV positive cells in contrast to effects in other cell types. TopBP1 transcriptional activity is regulated by AKT and treatment with AKT inhibitors suppresses expression of E2F1 and p73 without interfering with ATR signaling. Importantly, the levels of p73 are elevated in HPV-positive cells and knockdown impairs HPV genome amplification. This demonstrates that p73, like p63 and p53, is an important regulator of the HPV life cycle that is controlled by the transcriptional activating properties of the multifunctional TopBP1 protein.
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Tatfi M, Hermine O, Suarez F. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Related Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Ataxia Telangiectasia: Does ATM Regulate EBV Life Cycle? Front Immunol 2019; 9:3060. [PMID: 30662441 PMCID: PMC6329310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an ubiquitous herpesvirus with a tropism for epithelial cells (where lytic replication occurs) and B-cells (where latency is maintained). EBV persists throughout life and chronic infection is asymptomatic in most individuals. However, immunocompromised patients may be unable to control EBV infection and are at increased risk of EBV-related malignancies, such as diffuse large B-cell lymphomas or Hodgkin's lymphomas. Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the ATM gene and associated with an increased incidence of cancers, particularly EBV-associated lymphomas. However, the immune deficiency present in AT patients is often too modest to explain the increased incidence of EBV-related malignancies. The ATM defect in these patients could therefore impair the normal regulation of EBV latency in B-cells, thus promoting lymphomagenesis. This suggests that ATM plays a role in the normal regulation of EBV latency. ATM is a serine/threonine kinase involved in multiple cell functions such as DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, oxidative stress, and gene expression. ATM is implicated in the lytic cycle of EBV, where EBV uses the activation of DNA damage repair pathway to promote its own replication. ATM regulates the latent cycle of the EBV-related herpesvirus KSHV and MHV68. However, the contribution of ATM in the control of the latent cycle of EBV is not yet known. A better understanding of the regulation of EBV latency could be harnessed in the conception of novel therapeutic strategies in AT and more generally in all ATM deficient EBV-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Felipe Suarez
- INSERM U1163/CNRS ERL8254 - Laboratory of cellular and molecular mechanisms of hematological disorders and therapeutic implications, IMAGINE Institute, Paris, France
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Chen X, Wu L, Li D, Xu Y, Zhang L, Niu K, Kong R, Gu J, Xu Z, Chen Z, Sun J. Radiosensitizing effects of miR-18a-5p on lung cancer stem-like cells via downregulating both ATM and HIF-1α. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3834-3847. [PMID: 29860718 PMCID: PMC6089184 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the main causes of cancer mortality globally. Most patients received radiotherapy during the course of disease. However, radioresistance generally occurs in the majority of these patients, leading to poor curative effect, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, miR-18a-5p expression was downregulated in irradiated lung cancer cells. Overexpression of miR-18a-5p increased the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells and inhibited the growth of A549 xenografts after radiation exposure. Dual luciferase report system and miR-18a-5p overexpression identified ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) as the targets of miR-18a-5p. The mRNA and protein expressions of ATM and HIF-1α were dramatically downregulated by miR-18a-5p in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, plasma miR-18a-5p expression was significantly higher in radiosensitive than in radioresistant group (P < .001). The cutoff value of miR-18a-5p >2.28 was obtained from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The objective response rate (ORR) was significantly higher in miR-18a-5p-high group than in miR-18a-5p-low group (P < .001). A tendency demonstrated that the median local progression-free survival (PFS) from radiotherapy was longer in miR-18a-5p-high than in miR-18a-5p-low group (P = .082). The median overall survival (OS) from radiotherapy was numerically longer in miR-18a-5p-high than in miR-18a-5p-low group (P = .281). The sensitivity and specificity of plasma miR-18a-5p to predict radiosensitivity was 87% and 95%, respectively. Collectively, these results indicate that miR-18a-5p increases the radiosensitivity in lung cancer cells and CD133+ stem-like cells via downregulating ATM and HIF-1α expressions. Plasma miR-18a-5p would be an available indicator of radiosensitivity in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Cancer Institute, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of GerontologyChongqing General HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Dezhi Li
- Cancer Institute, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yanmei Xu
- Oncology DepartmentLeshan People’s HospitalSichuanChina
| | - Luping Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Kai Niu
- Cancer Institute, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Rui Kong
- Cancer Institute, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jiaoyang Gu
- Cancer Institute, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zihan Xu
- Cancer Institute, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhengtang Chen
- Cancer Institute, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Cancer Institute, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Tsuda M, Terada K, Ooka M, Kobayashi K, Sasanuma H, Fujisawa R, Tsurimoto T, Yamamoto J, Iwai S, Kadoda K, Akagawa R, Huang SYN, Pommier Y, Sale JE, Takeda S, Hirota K. The dominant role of proofreading exonuclease activity of replicative polymerase ε in cellular tolerance to cytarabine (Ara-C). Oncotarget 2018; 8:33457-33474. [PMID: 28380422 PMCID: PMC5464882 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic nucleoside analogs, such as Ara-C, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Trifluridine (FTD), are frequently incorporated into DNA by the replicative DNA polymerases. However, it remains unclear how this incorporation kills cycling cells. There are two possibilities: Nucleoside analog triphosphates inhibit the replicative DNA polymerases, and/or nucleotide analogs mis-incorporated into genomic DNA interfere with the next round of DNA synthesis as replicative DNA polymerases recognize them as template DNA lesions, arresting synthesis. To address the first possibility, we selectively disrupted the proofreading exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase ε (Polε), the leading-strand replicative polymerase in avian DT40 and human TK6 cell lines. To address the second, we disrupted RAD18, a gene involved in translesion DNA synthesis, a mechanism that relieves stalled replication. Strikingly, POLE1exo−/− cells, but not RAD18−/− cells, were hypersensitive to Ara-C, while RAD18−/− cells were hypersensitive to FTD. gH2AX focus formation following a pulse of Ara-C was immediate and did not progress into the next round of replication, while gH2AX focus formation following a pulse of 5-FU and FTD was delayed to the next round of replication. Biochemical studies indicate that human proofreading-deficient Polε-exo− holoenzyme incorporates Ara-CTP, but subsequently extend from this base several times less efficiently than from intact nucleotides. Together our results suggest that Ara-C acts by blocking extension of the nascent DNA strand and is counteracted by the proofreading activity of Polε, while 5-FU and FTD are efficiently incorporated but act as replication fork blocks in the subsequent S phase, which is counteracted by translesion synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Tsuda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Terada
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Ooka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-Shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Koji Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-Shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasanuma
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Fujisawa
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tsurimoto
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Junpei Yamamoto
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shigenori Iwai
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kei Kadoda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Division of Radiation Life Science, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Sennan, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Remi Akagawa
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shar-Yin Naomi Huang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julian E Sale
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kouji Hirota
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-Shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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34
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Chen CC, Feng W, Lim PX, Kass EM, Jasin M. Homology-Directed Repair and the Role of BRCA1, BRCA2, and Related Proteins in Genome Integrity and Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2018; 2:313-336. [PMID: 30345412 PMCID: PMC6193498 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030617-050502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Germ-line and somatic mutations in genes that promote homology-directed repair (HDR), especially BRCA1 and BRCA2, are frequently observed in several cancers, in particular, breast and ovary but also prostate and other cancers. HDR is critical for the error-free repair of DNA double-strand breaks and other lesions, and HDR factors also protect stalled replication forks. As a result, loss of BRCA1 or BRCA2 poses significant risks to genome integrity, leading not only to cancer predisposition but also to sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, affecting therapeutic approaches. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of BRCA1 and BRCA2, including how they genetically interact with other repair factors, how they protect stalled replication forks, how they affect the response to aldehydes, and how loss of their functions links to mutation signatures. Importantly, given the recent advances with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) for the treatment of HDR-deficient tumors, we discuss mechanisms by which BRCA-deficient tumors acquire resistance to PARPi and other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chin Chen
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Weiran Feng
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Pei Xin Lim
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Elizabeth M Kass
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
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35
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Lien W, Chen T, Sheu S, Lin T, Kang F, Yu C, Kuan T, Huang B, Wang C. 7‐hydroxy‐staurosporine, UCN‐01, induces DNA damage response, and autophagy in human osteosarcoma U2‐OS cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4729-4741. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Chih Lien
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationNational Cheng Kung University HospitalCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Ting‐Yu Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Shi‐Yuan Sheu
- School of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Tzu‐Chien Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Fu‐Chi Kang
- Department of AnesthesiaChi Mei Medical CenterChialiTainanTaiwan
| | - Chung‐Hsing Yu
- Department of OrthopedicsChi Mei Medical CenterChialiTainanTaiwan
| | - Ta‐Shen Kuan
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationNational Cheng Kung University HospitalCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Bu‐Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Yih Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
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36
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Salunkhe S, Mishra SV, Nair J, Ghosh S, Choudhary N, Kaur E, Shah S, Patkar K, Anand D, Khattry N, Hasan SK, Dutt S. Inhibition of novel GCN5-ATM axis restricts the onset of acquired drug resistance in leukemia. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:2175-2185. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Salunkhe
- Shilpee Dutt laboratory; Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer; Navi Mumbai 410210 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Saket V. Mishra
- Shilpee Dutt laboratory; Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer; Navi Mumbai 410210 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Jyothi Nair
- Shilpee Dutt laboratory; Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer; Navi Mumbai 410210 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Samadri Ghosh
- Shilpee Dutt laboratory; Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer; Navi Mumbai 410210 India
| | - Neha Choudhary
- Shilpee Dutt laboratory; Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer; Navi Mumbai 410210 India
| | - Ekjot Kaur
- Shilpee Dutt laboratory; Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer; Navi Mumbai 410210 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Sanket Shah
- Shilpee Dutt laboratory; Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer; Navi Mumbai 410210 India
| | - Ketaki Patkar
- Shilpee Dutt laboratory; Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer; Navi Mumbai 410210 India
| | - Dev Anand
- Department of Medical Oncology; Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer; Navi Mumbai 410210 India
| | - Navin Khattry
- Department of Medical Oncology; Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer; Navi Mumbai 410210 India
| | - Syed K. Hasan
- Department of Medical Oncology; Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer; Navi Mumbai 410210 India
| | - Shilpee Dutt
- Shilpee Dutt laboratory; Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer; Navi Mumbai 410210 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar; Mumbai 400085 India
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37
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Lee JH, Mand MR, Kao CH, Zhou Y, Ryu SW, Richards AL, Coon JJ, Paull TT. ATM directs DNA damage responses and proteostasis via genetically separable pathways. Sci Signal 2018; 11:eaan5598. [PMID: 29317520 PMCID: PMC5898228 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan5598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase ATM is a master regulator of the DNA damage response but also responds directly to oxidative stress. Loss of ATM causes ataxia telangiectasia, a neurodegenerative disorder with pleiotropic symptoms that include cerebellar dysfunction, cancer, diabetes, and premature aging. We genetically separated the activation of ATM by DNA damage from that by oxidative stress using separation-of-function mutations. We found that deficient activation of ATM by the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex and DNA double-strand breaks resulted in loss of cell viability, checkpoint activation, and DNA end resection in response to DNA damage. In contrast, loss of oxidative activation of ATM had minimal effects on DNA damage-related outcomes but blocked ATM-mediated initiation of checkpoint responses after oxidative stress and resulted in deficiencies in mitochondrial function and autophagy. In addition, expression of a variant ATM incapable of activation by oxidative stress resulted in widespread protein aggregation. These results indicate a direct relationship between the mechanism of ATM activation and its effects on cellular metabolism and DNA damage responses in human cells and implicate ATM in the control of protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Lee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael R Mand
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chung-Hsuan Kao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Seung W Ryu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alicia L Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Tanya T Paull
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Torabi B, Flashner S, Beishline K, Sowash A, Donovan K, Bassett G, Azizkhan-Clifford J. Caspase cleavage of transcription factor Sp1 enhances apoptosis. Apoptosis 2018; 23:65-78. [PMID: 29236199 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sp1 is a ubiquitous transcription factor that regulates many genes involved in apoptosis and senescence. Sp1 also has a role in the DNA damage response; at low levels of DNA damage, Sp1 is phosphorylated by ATM and localizes to double-strand break sites where it facilitates DNA double-strand-break repair. Depletion of Sp1 increases the sensitivity of cells to DNA damage, whereas overexpression of Sp1 can drive cells into apoptosis. In response to a variety of stimuli, Sp1 can be regulated through proteolytic cleavage by caspases and/or degradation. Here, we show that activation of apoptosis through DNA damage or TRAIL-mediated activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway induces caspase-mediated cleavage of Sp1. Cleavage of Sp1 was coincident with the appearance of cleaved caspase 3, and produced a 70 kDa Sp1 product. In vitro analysis revealed a novel caspase cleavage site at aspartic acid 183. Mutation of aspartic acid 183 to alanine conferred resistance to cleavage, and ectopic expression of the Sp1 D183A rendered cells resistant to apoptotic stimuli, indicating that Sp1 cleavage is involved in the induction of apoptosis. The 70 kDa product resulting from caspase cleavage of Sp1 comprises amino acids 184-785. This truncated form, designated Sp1-70C, which retains transcriptional activity, induced apoptosis when overexpressed in normal epithelial cells, whereas Sp1D183A induced significantly less apoptosis. Together, these data reveal a new caspase cleavage site in Sp1 and demonstrate for the first time that caspase cleavage of Sp1 promotes apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Torabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Samuel Flashner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Kate Beishline
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Aislinn Sowash
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Kelly Donovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Garrett Bassett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Jane Azizkhan-Clifford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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Takagi M, Yoshida M, Nemoto Y, Tamaichi H, Tsuchida R, Seki M, Uryu K, Nishii R, Miyamoto S, Saito M, Hanada R, Kaneko H, Miyano S, Kataoka K, Yoshida K, Ohira M, Hayashi Y, Nakagawara A, Ogawa S, Mizutani S, Takita J. Loss of DNA Damage Response in Neuroblastoma and Utility of a PARP Inhibitor. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:4096548. [PMID: 29059438 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid tumor found in children, and deletions within the 11q region are observed in 11% to 48% of these tumors. Notably, such tumors are associated with poor prognosis; however, little is known regarding the molecular targets located in 11q. Methods Genomic alterations of ATM , DNA damage response (DDR)-associated genes located in 11q ( MRE11A, H2AFX , and CHEK1 ), and BRCA1, BARD1, CHEK2, MDM2 , and TP53 were investigated in 45 NB-derived cell lines and 237 fresh tumor samples. PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibitor sensitivity of NB was investigated in in vitro and invivo xenograft models. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Among 237 fresh tumor samples, ATM, MRE11A, H2AFX , and/or CHEK1 loss or imbalance in 11q was detected in 20.7% of NBs, 89.8% of which were stage III or IV. An additional 7.2% contained ATM rare single nucleotide variants (SNVs). Rare SNVs in DDR-associated genes other than ATM were detected in 26.4% and were mutually exclusive. Overall, samples with SNVs and/or copy number alterations in these genes accounted for 48.4%. ATM-defective cells are known to exhibit dysfunctions in homologous recombination repair, suggesting a potential for synthetic lethality by PARP inhibition. Indeed, 83.3% NB-derived cell lines exhibited sensitivity to PARP inhibition. In addition, NB growth was markedly attenuated in the xenograft group receiving PARP inhibitors (sham-treated vs olaprib-treated group; mean [SD] tumor volume of sham-treated vs olaprib-treated groups = 7377 [1451] m 3 vs 298 [312] m 3 , P = .001, n = 4). Conclusions Genomic alterations of DDR-associated genes including ATM, which regulates homologous recombination repair, were observed in almost half of NBs, suggesting that synthetic lethality could be induced by treatment with a PARP inhibitor. Indeed, DDR-defective NB cell lines were sensitive to PARP inhibitors. Thus, PARP inhibitors represent candidate NB therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Misa Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshino Nemoto
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tamaichi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Rika Tsuchida
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Masafumi Seki
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Kumiko Uryu
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Rina Nishii
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Masahiro Saito
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Ryoji Hanada
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Hideo Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Miki Ohira
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Hayashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Akira Nakagawara
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Shuki Mizutani
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pediatrics, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Saitama, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Saga Medical Center, Saga, Japan
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Knittel G, Rehkämper T, Korovkina D, Liedgens P, Fritz C, Torgovnick A, Al-Baldawi Y, Al-Maarri M, Cun Y, Fedorchenko O, Riabinska A, Beleggia F, Nguyen PH, Wunderlich FT, Ortmann M, Montesinos-Rongen M, Tausch E, Stilgenbauer S, P Frenzel L, Herling M, Herling C, Bahlo J, Hallek M, Peifer M, Buettner R, Persigehl T, Reinhardt HC. Two mouse models reveal an actionable PARP1 dependence in aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nat Commun 2017; 8:153. [PMID: 28751718 PMCID: PMC5532225 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains an incurable disease. Two recurrent cytogenetic aberrations, namely del(17p), affecting TP53, and del(11q), affecting ATM, are associated with resistance against genotoxic chemotherapy (del17p) and poor outcome (del11q and del17p). Both del(17p) and del(11q) are also associated with inferior outcome to the novel targeted agents, such as the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib. Thus, even in the era of targeted therapies, CLL with alterations in the ATM/p53 pathway remains a clinical challenge. Here we generated two mouse models of Atm- and Trp53-deficient CLL. These animals display a significantly earlier disease onset and reduced overall survival, compared to controls. We employed these models in conjunction with transcriptome analyses following cyclophosphamide treatment to reveal that Atm deficiency is associated with an exquisite and genotype-specific sensitivity against PARP inhibition. Thus, we generate two aggressive CLL models and provide a preclinical rational for the use of PARP inhibitors in ATM-affected human CLL. ATM and TP53 mutations are associated with poor prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Here the authors generate mouse models of Tp53- and Atm-defective CLL mimicking the high-risk form of human disease and show that Atm-deficient CLL is sensitive to PARP1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gero Knittel
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany. .,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.
| | - Tim Rehkämper
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Darya Korovkina
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Paul Liedgens
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Christian Fritz
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Alessandro Torgovnick
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Yussor Al-Baldawi
- Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Mona Al-Maarri
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Yupeng Cun
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Oleg Fedorchenko
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Arina Riabinska
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Filippo Beleggia
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Phuong-Hien Nguyen
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | | | - Monika Ortmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | | | - Eugen Tausch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, 89070, Germany
| | | | - Lukas P Frenzel
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Marco Herling
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Carmen Herling
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Jasmin Bahlo
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Martin Peifer
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Thorsten Persigehl
- Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - H Christian Reinhardt
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany. .,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany. .,Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.
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41
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Chen CC, Kass EM, Yen WF, Ludwig T, Moynahan ME, Chaudhuri J, Jasin M. ATM loss leads to synthetic lethality in BRCA1 BRCT mutant mice associated with exacerbated defects in homology-directed repair. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:7665-7670. [PMID: 28659469 PMCID: PMC5530697 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706392114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 is essential for homology-directed repair (HDR) of DNA double-strand breaks in part through antagonism of the nonhomologous end-joining factor 53BP1. The ATM kinase is involved in various aspects of DNA damage signaling and repair, but how ATM participates in HDR and genetically interacts with BRCA1 in this process is unclear. To investigate this question, we used the Brca1S1598F mouse model carrying a mutation in the BRCA1 C-terminal domain of BRCA1. Whereas ATM loss leads to a mild HDR defect in adult somatic cells, we find that ATM inhibition leads to severely reduced HDR in Brca1S1598F cells. Consistent with a critical role for ATM in HDR in this background, loss of ATM leads to synthetic lethality of Brca1S1598F mice. Whereas both ATM and BRCA1 promote end resection, which can be regulated by 53BP1, 53bp1 deletion does not rescue the HDR defects of Atm mutant cells, in contrast to Brca1 mutant cells. These results demonstrate that ATM has a role in HDR independent of the BRCA1-53BP1 antagonism and that its HDR function can become critical in certain contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chin Chen
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
- Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Cell & Developmental Biology, and Molecular Biology (BCMB) Allied Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Elizabeth M Kass
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Wei-Feng Yen
- Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Cell & Developmental Biology, and Molecular Biology (BCMB) Allied Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Thomas Ludwig
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Mary Ellen Moynahan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jayanta Chaudhuri
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065;
- Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Cell & Developmental Biology, and Molecular Biology (BCMB) Allied Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
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42
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ATM Deficiency Is Associated with Sensitivity to PARP1- and ATR Inhibitors in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3040-3056. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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DNA damage repair in breast cancer and its therapeutic implications. Pathology 2016; 49:156-165. [PMID: 28034453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) involves the activation of numerous cellular activities that repair DNA lesions and maintain genomic integrity, and is critical in preventing tumorigenesis. Inherited or acquired mutations in specific genes involved in the DNA damage response, for example the breast cancer susceptibility genes 1/2 (BRCA1/2), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and P53 are associated with various subtypes of breast cancer. Such changes can render breast cancer cells particularly sensitive to specific DNA damage response inhibitors, for example BRCA1/2 germline mutated cells are sensitive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. The aims of this review are to discuss specific DNA damage response defects in breast cancer and to present the current stage of development of various DDR inhibitors (namely PARP, ATM/ATR, DNA-PK, PARG, RECQL5, FEN1 and APE1) for breast cancer mono- and combination therapy.
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Shimada M, Dumitrache LC, Russell HR, McKinnon PJ. Polynucleotide kinase-phosphatase enables neurogenesis via multiple DNA repair pathways to maintain genome stability. EMBO J 2015; 34:2465-80. [PMID: 26290337 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201591363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polynucleotide kinase-phosphatase (PNKP) is a DNA repair factor possessing both 5'-kinase and 3'-phosphatase activities to modify ends of a DNA break prior to ligation. Recently, decreased PNKP levels were identified as the cause of severe neuropathology present in the human microcephaly with seizures (MCSZ) syndrome. Utilizing novel murine Pnkp alleles that attenuate expression and a T424GfsX48 frame-shift allele identified in MCSZ individuals, we determined how PNKP inactivation impacts neurogenesis. Mice with PNKP inactivation in neural progenitors manifest neurodevelopmental abnormalities and postnatal death. This severe phenotype involved defective base excision repair and non-homologous end-joining, pathways required for repair of both DNA single- and double-strand breaks. Although mice homozygous for the T424GfsX48 allele were lethal embryonically, attenuated PNKP levels (akin to MCSZ) showed general neurodevelopmental defects, including microcephaly, indicating a critical developmental PNKP threshold. Directed postnatal neural inactivation of PNKP affected specific subpopulations including oligodendrocytes, indicating a broad requirement for genome maintenance, both during and after neurogenesis. These data illuminate the basis for selective neural vulnerability in DNA repair deficiency disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Shimada
- Department of Genetics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Helen R Russell
- Department of Genetics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Peter J McKinnon
- Department of Genetics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Horn S, Brady D, Prise K. Alpha particles induce pan-nuclear phosphorylation of H2AX in primary human lymphocytes mediated through ATM. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2199-206. [PMID: 26116906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The use of high linear energy transfer radiations in the form of carbon ions in heavy ion beam lines or alpha particles in new radionuclide treatments has increased substantially over the past decade and will continue to do so due to the favourable dose distributions they can offer versus conventional therapies. Previously it has been shown that exposure to heavy ions induces pan-nuclear phosphorylation of several DNA repair proteins such as H2AX and ATM in vitro. Here we describe similar effects of alpha particles on ex vivo irradiated primary human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Following alpha particle irradiation pan-nuclear phosphorylation of H2AX and ATM, but not DNA-PK and 53BP1, was observed throughout the nucleus. Inhibition of ATM, but not DNA-PK, resulted in the loss of pan-nuclear phosphorylation of H2AX in alpha particle irradiated lymphocytes. Pan-nuclear gamma-H2AX signal was rapidly lost over 24h at a much greater rate than foci loss. Surprisingly, pan-nuclear gamma-H2AX intensity was not dependent on the number of alpha particle induced double strand breaks, rather the number of alpha particles which had traversed the cell nucleus. This distinct fluence dependent damage signature of particle radiation is important in both the fields of radioprotection and clinical oncology in determining radionuclide biological dosimetry and may be indicative of patient response to new radionuclide cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Horn
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast 7AE BT9, United Kingdom.
| | - Darren Brady
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast 7AE BT9, United Kingdom; Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast 7AE BT9, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast 7AE BT9, United Kingdom
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Takeishi Y, Iwaya-Omi R, Ohashi E, Tsurimoto T. Intramolecular Binding of the Rad9 C Terminus in the Checkpoint Clamp Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 Is Closely Linked with Its DNA Binding. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19923-32. [PMID: 26088138 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.669002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human checkpoint clamp Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 (9-1-1) is loaded onto chromatin by its loader complex, Rad17-RFC, following DNA damage. The 120-amino acid (aa) stretch of the Rad9 C terminus (C-tail) is unstructured and projects from the core ring structure (CRS). Recent studies showed that 9-1-1 and CRS bind DNA independently of Rad17-RFC. The DNA-binding affinity of mutant 9(ΔC)-1-1, which lacked the Rad9 C-tail, was much higher than that of wild-type 9-1-1, suggesting that 9-1-1 has intrinsic DNA binding activity that manifests in the absence of the C-tail. C-tail added in trans interacted with CRS and prevented it from binding to DNA. We narrowed down the amino acid sequence in the C-tail necessary for CRS binding to a 15-aa stretch harboring two conserved consecutive phenylalanine residues. We prepared 9-1-1 mutants containing the variant C-tail deficient for CRS binding, and we demonstrated that the mutant form restored DNA binding as efficiently as 9(ΔC)-1-1. Furthermore, we mapped the sequence necessary for TopBP1 binding within the same 15-aa stretch, demonstrating that TopBP1 and CRS share the same binding region in the C-tail. Indeed, we observed their competitive binding to the C-tail with purified proteins. The importance of interaction between 9-1-1 and TopBP1 for DNA damage signaling suggests that the competitive interactions of TopBP1 and CRS with the C-tail will be crucial for the activation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimasa Takeishi
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Rie Iwaya-Omi
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Eiji Ohashi
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tsurimoto
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Knittel G, Liedgens P, Reinhardt HC. Targeting ATM-deficient CLL through interference with DNA repair pathways. Front Genet 2015; 6:207. [PMID: 26113859 PMCID: PMC4461826 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common form of leukemia in the Western world and accounts for approximately 30% of adult leukemias and 25% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The median age at diagnosis is 72 years. During recent years numerous genetic aberrations have been identified that are associated with an aggressive course of the disease and resistance against genotoxic chemotherapies. The DNA damage-responsive proapoptotic ATM-CHK2-p53 signaling pathway is frequently mutationally inactivated in CLL either through large deletions on chromosome 11q (ATM) or 17p (TP53), or through protein-damaging mutations. Here, we focus on the role of ATM signaling for the immediate DNA damage response, DNA repair and leukemogenesis. We further discuss novel therapeutic concepts for the targeted treatment of ATM-defective CLLs. We specifically highlight the potential use of PARP1 and DNA-PKcs inhibitors for the treatment of ATM-mutant CLL clones. Lastly, we briefly discuss the current state of genetically engineered mouse models of the disease and emphasize the use of these preclinical tools as a common platform for the development and validation of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gero Knittel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of CologneCologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Paul Liedgens
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of CologneCologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Hans C. Reinhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of CologneCologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of CologneCologne, Germany
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Gurung RL, Lim SN, Low GKM, Hande MP. MST-312 Alters Telomere Dynamics, Gene Expression Profiles and Growth in Human Breast Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2015; 7:283-98. [PMID: 26022559 DOI: 10.1159/000381346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting telomerase is a potential cancer management strategy given that it allows unlimited cellular replication in the majority of cancers. Dysfunctional telomeres are recognized as double-strand breaks. However, the status of DNA repair response pathways following telomerase inhibition is not well understood in human breast cancer cells. Here, we evaluated the effects of MST-312, a chemically modified derivative from tea catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, on telomere dynamics and DNA damage gene expression in breast cancer cells. METHODOLOGY Breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were treated with MST-312, and telomere-telomerase homeostasis, induced DNA damage and gene expression profiling were analyzed. RESULTS MST-312 decreased telomerase activity and induced telomere dysfunction and growth arrest in breast cancer cells with more profound effects in MDA-MB-231 than in MCF-7 cells. Consistent with these data, the telomere-protective protein TRF2 was downregulated in MDA-MB-231 cells. MST-312 induced DNA damage at telomeres accompanied by reduced expression of DNA damage-related genes ATM and RAD50. Co-treatment with MST-312 and the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) inhibitor PJ-34 further enhanced growth reduction as compared to single treatment with MST-312 or PJ-34. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrates potential importance for the establishment of antitelomerase cancer therapy using MST-312 along with PARP-1 inhibition in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resham Lal Gurung
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Zhang D, Tang B, Xie X, Xiao YF, Yang SM, Zhang JW. The interplay between DNA repair and autophagy in cancer therapy. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1005-13. [PMID: 25985143 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1046022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA is the prime target of anticancer treatments. DNA damage triggers a series of signaling cascades promoting cellular survival, including DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy. The elevated basal and/or stressful levels of both DNA repair and autophagy observed in tumor cells, in contrast to normal cells, have been identified as the most important drug-responsive programs that impact the outcome of anticancer therapy. The exact relationship between DNA repair and autophagy in cancer cells remains unclear. On one hand, autophagy has been shown to regulate some of the DNA repair proteins after DNA damage by maintaining the balance between their synthesis, stabilization, and degradation. One the other hand, some evidence has demonstrated that some DNA repair molecular have a crucial role in the initiation of autophagy. In this review, we mainly discuss the interplay between DNA repair and autophagy in anticancer therapy and expect to enlighten some effective strategies for cancer treatment.
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Key Words
- AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- ATG5, autophagy-related gene 5
- ATM, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated
- ATR, ATM and Rad3-related
- BER, base excision repair
- Chk1, check-point kinase 1
- Chk2, check-point kinase 2
- DDR, DNA damage response
- DNA damage
- DNA damage response
- DNA repair
- DNA-PKcs, DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit
- DSBs, double-strand breaks
- HDAC, histone deacetylases
- HR, homologous recombination
- IR, ionizing radiation
- MGMT, O6 methylguanine –DNA methyltransferase
- MMR, mismatch repair
- MRN, Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1
- NER, nucleotide excision recombination
- NHEJ, non-homologous end joining
- OGG1, 8-oxoguannine DNA glycosidase
- PARP-1, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PML, promyelocytic leukemia
- SSBs, single-strand break
- TMZ, temozolomide
- TSC2, tuberous sclerosis complex 2
- anticancer therapy
- apoptosis
- autophagy
- cell cycle arrest
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- γ-H2AX, phosphorylated histone
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- a Department of Gastroenterology; Xinqiao Hospital; Third Military Medical University ; Chongqing , China
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