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Mehta D, Singh S. Nanozymes and their biomolecular conjugates as next-generation antibacterial agents: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134582. [PMID: 39122068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the ability of bacterial species to develop resistance against exposed antibiotics, has gained immense global attention in the past few years. Bacterial infections are serious health concerns affecting millions of people annually worldwide. Therefore, developing novel antibacterial agents that are highly effective and avoid resistance development is imperative. Among various strategies, recent developments in nanozyme technology have shown promising results as antibacterials in several antibiotic-sensitive and resistant bacterial species. Nanozymes offer several advantages over corresponding natural enzymes, such as inexpensive, stable, multifunctional, tunable catalytic properties, etc. Although the use of nanozymes as antibacterial agents has provided promising results, the specific biomolecule-conjugated nanozymes have shown further improvement in catalytic performance and associated antibacterial efficacy. The exclusive design of functional nanozymes with theranostic potential is found to simultaneously inhibit the growth and image of AMR bacterial species. This review comprehensively summarizes the history of nanozymes, their classification, biomolecules conjugated nanozyme, and their mechanism of enzyme-mimetic activity and associated antibacterial activity in antibiotic-sensitive and resistant species. The futureneeds to effectively engineer the existing or new nanozymes to curb AMR have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mehta
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Opposite Journalist Colony, Near Gowlidoddy, Extended Q-City Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Opposite Journalist Colony, Near Gowlidoddy, Extended Q-City Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
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2
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Khapuinamai A, Dave VP, Tyagi M, Joseph J. Effect of Age on the Etiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Infectious Endophthalmitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024; 32:838-842. [PMID: 37922464 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2274495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the etiology and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of infectious endophthalmitis over 11 years in different age groups. METHODS Microbiology records of culture-positive endophthalmitis cases from January 2011 and December 2021 were reviewed for the age groups 0-30, 31-60, and >60 years. Additionally, data was also analysed for trends in antibiotic susceptibility between different age groups. RESULTS A total of 5590 patients were clinically diagnosed with endophthalmitis. Of these, 1316 (23.5%) patients were culture positive comprising of 1097 bacteria (83.3%) and 219 fungal (16.6%). Gram-positive bacteria predominated the culture-proven bacterial endophthalmitis group with 709 cases (62.6%). Streptococcus pneumoniae (9.3%) was the most prevalent organism in the age group between 0 and 30 years, while Staphylococcus epidermidis (6%) was the most prevalent organism in the age group of 31-60 years. In comparison, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.1%) was the most abundant organism in the age group >60 years. Interestingly, Aspergillus flavus (13.24%) was the predominant fungal pathogen in all age groups. There was an increasing trend in antibiotic resistance from younger to older age groups and this pattern was observed for almost all drugs tested except vancomycin and amikacin. CONCLUSION While infection can occur at any age, the etiology also seems to vary. This study helps us understand the demography of endophthalmitis along with choice of empirical antibiotics that would influence treatment outcomes. Although vancomycin currently holds good for the treatment for gram-positive infections, gram-negative infections calls for an immediate need for newer drugs or advanced treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agimanailiu Khapuinamai
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vivek Pravin Dave
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mudit Tyagi
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Joveeta Joseph
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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3
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Abu-Farha R, Gharaibeh L, Alzoubi KH, Nazal R, Zawiah M, Binsaleh AY, Shilbayeh SAR. Awareness, perspectives and practices of antibiotics deprescribing among physicians in Jordan: a cross-sectional study. J Pharm Policy Pract 2024; 17:2378484. [PMID: 39040635 PMCID: PMC11262212 DOI: 10.1080/20523211.2024.2378484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotics have significantly reduced mortality and improved outcomes across various medical fields; however, the rise of antibiotic resistance poses a major challenge, causing millions of deaths annually. Deprescribing, a process that involves discontinuing unnecessary antibiotics, is crucial for combating this threat. This study was designed to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and practices of physicians regarding antibiotic deprescribing in Jordan. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January-February 2024 to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and practices of physicians regarding antibiotic deprescribing in Jordan. An electronic questionnaire served as the data collection tool. Descriptive analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26. Additionally, logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify independent factors associated with physicians' willingness to deprescribe antibiotics. Results The study involved 252 physicians, primarily male (n = 168, 67.7%), with a median age of 33 years. Regarding antibiotics deprescribing, 21.8% (n = 55) expressed willingness to deprescribe inappropriate antibiotics.High awareness of deprescribing was evident, with 92.9% (n = 234) familiar with the concept, 94% (n = 237) knowledgeable about appropriate situations, and 96.8% (n = 244) recognising its potential benefits. Furthermore, 81.8% (n = 205) reported having received formal training in antibiotics deprescribing, and 85.3% (n = 215) were informed about the availability of deprescribing tools.Physicians highlighted challenges including insufficient time (44.4%, n = 112) and resistance from patients (41.3%, n = 104) and colleagues (42.1%, n = 106). Despite challenges, a significant proportion regularly assessed antibiotic necessity (46.9%, n = 117) and educated patients about antibiotic-related harms (40.5%, n = 102). Logistic regression analysis revealed no significant demographic factors influencing physicians' willingness to deprescribe antibiotics (p > 0.05). Conclusion Physicians in Jordan exhibit high awareness of antibiotics deprescribing and recognise its benefits. Challenges such as time constraints and communication barriers need to be addressed to facilitate effective deprescribing practices. Comprehensive guidelines and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential for promoting judicious antibiotic use and combating antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abu-Farha
- Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lobna Gharaibeh
- Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rawand Nazal
- Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Zawiah
- Department of Clinical Practice, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Hodeidah University, Al Hodeida, Yemen
| | - Ammena Y. Binsaleh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sireen Abdul Rahim Shilbayeh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Saini R, Kumar V, Sourirajan A, Dev K. Fruit Extract and Phenolic Compounds of Phyllanthus emblica Fruits as Bioactivity Enhancer of Chloramphenicol Against Bacterial Species. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024:10.1007/s11130-024-01206-6. [PMID: 38951374 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica L. (syn. Emblica officinalis) fruits have been traditionally exploited to enhance the immune system and provide protection against bacterial and fungal diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the synergistic interactions between chloramphenicol and several phenolic compounds found in P. emblica fruits against bacterial strains. The combination of P. emblica fruit extracts and its phenolic compounds demonstrated synergistic antibacterial activity when used in conjunction with chloramphenicol against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The combination of MICGA with ½MICChl exhibited a significant increase in bioactivity, with a 333.33-fold enhancement against B. subtilis. Similarly, the combination of MICGA with 2MICChl displayed a bioactivity enhancement of 16.02 folds against S. aureus. The co-administration of ½MICQ and ½MICChl resulted in a significant 35.71-fold increase in bioactivity against P. aeruginosa. Similarly, the combination of MIC GA and ½MICChl exhibited a remarkable 166.66-fold enhancement in bioactivity against E. coli. The combinations of 2MICFPE and ½MICChloramphenicol, as well as ½MICGA and ½MICChl demonstrated the highest bioactivity enhancement of 17.85 folds for K. pneumoniae. This study claimed that the fruit extracts of P. emblica and its phenolic compounds could be utilized to augment the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics, which have acquired resistance to bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshandha Saini
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, PO Sultanpur, Distt. Solan-173229 HP, Bajhol, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - Anuradha Sourirajan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, PO Sultanpur, Distt. Solan-173229 HP, Bajhol, India
| | - Kamal Dev
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, PO Sultanpur, Distt. Solan-173229 HP, Bajhol, India.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
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Satpathy S, Panigrahi LL, Samal P, Sahoo KK, Arakha M. Biogenic synthesis of selenium nanoparticles from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. and evaluation of their antimicrobial, antioxidant and photocatalytic efficacy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32499. [PMID: 39183842 PMCID: PMC11341326 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles has been established as an environmentally benign and sustainable approach. This study emphasizes biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) utilizing leaf extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tritis L., well known for its abundant bioactive compounds. Various analytical techniques were employed for characterization of synthesized SeNPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy confirmed the crystalline structure and revealed the average crystalline size of SeNPs to be 44.57 nm. Additionally, UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed successful synthesis of SeNPs by validating the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties of SeNPs. FTIR analysis data revealed different bonds and their corresponding functional groups responsible for the synthesis and stability of synthesized SeNPs. DLS and zeta analysis revealed that 116.5 nm sized SeNPs were stable in nature. Furthermore, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) validated the spherical morphology of SeNPs with a size range of 60-80 nm. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) determined the concentration of SeNPs in the obtained colloidal solution. Antioxidant activity of synthesized SeNPs was evaluated employing DPPH and H2O2 assay, revealed that the synthesized SeNPs were effective antioxidant agent. Additionally, antimicrobial potential was evaluated against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and found to be effective at higher concentration of SeNPs. SeNPs also exhibited strong anti-biofilm activity while evaluated against various biofilm producing bacteria like Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumonia. The cytotoxicity of the bio-synthesized SeNPs was evaluated against HEK 293 cell line, exhibited minimal toxicity even at concentration 100 μg/mL with 65% viable cells. SeNPs has also been evaluated for dye degradation which has indicated excellent photocatalytic activity of synthesized SeNPs. The experimental data obtained altogether demonstrated that synthesized SeNPs exhibited significant antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against various pathogens, and also showed significant antioxidant and photocatalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Satpathy
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Lipsa Leena Panigrahi
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Pallavi Samal
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Kirti Kanta Sahoo
- School of Civil Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Univ., Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Manoranjan Arakha
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
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6
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Ibrahim K, Tahsin M, Rahman A, Rahman SM, Rahman MM. Surveillance of Bacterial Load and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria on Surfaces of Public Restrooms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:574. [PMID: 38791788 PMCID: PMC11120863 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Public restrooms are often a hub of microbial contamination and the examination of bacterial contamination in these facilities can serve as an important indicator of the transmission of infectious diseases. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bacterial contamination in public restrooms based on the economic class of the building. Samples were collected from various spots in 32 restrooms found in 10 shopping malls, classifying them into two categories: upper-end restrooms and lower-end restrooms. The findings showed that the level of contamination was higher in the lower-end restrooms, with the seat being the most contaminated area. The most dominant Gram-positive bacteria were of the coagulase-negative staphylococci species, making up 86% of the identified Gram-positive isolates. The most dominant Gram-negative bacteria identified were Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The antibiotic sensitivity test results revealed the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria among the Gram-positive and negative isolates, including Staphylococcus haemolyticus (S. haemolyticus), Staphylococcus kloosii (S. kloosii), Acinetobacter baumanii (A. baumanii), and P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, the study underscores the significance of monitoring bacterial contamination in public restrooms and the need for measures to reduce the spread of infectious diseases. Further research is crucial to gain a complete understanding of the bacterial contamination in public restrooms and their resistance patterns, to ensure the safety and health of the public. The implementation of improved cleaning practices and hands-free designs in addition to the installation of antimicrobial surfaces in restrooms can help reduce the risk of cross-contamination and prevent the spread of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadega Ibrahim
- Flow Cytometry Core, Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar;
| | | | - Aninda Rahman
- Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | | | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Collage of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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Rahman S, Sadaf S, Hoque ME, Mishra A, Mubarak NM, Malafaia G, Singh J. Unleashing the promise of emerging nanomaterials as a sustainable platform to mitigate antimicrobial resistance. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13862-13899. [PMID: 38694553 PMCID: PMC11062400 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05816f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacterial strains and biofilm-associated diseases have heightened concerns about exploring alternative bactericidal methods. The WHO estimates that at least 700 000 deaths yearly are attributable to antimicrobial resistance, and that number could increase to 10 million annual deaths by 2050 if appropriate measures are not taken. Therefore, the increasing threat of AR bacteria and biofilm-related infections has created an urgent demand for scientific research to identify novel antimicrobial therapies. Nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as a promising alternative due to their unique physicochemical properties, and ongoing research holds great promise for developing effective NMs-based treatments for bacterial and viral infections. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of NMs based mechanisms combat bacterial infections, particularly those caused by acquired antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, this review examines NMs design features and attributes that can be optimized to enhance their efficacy as antimicrobial agents. In addition, plant-based NMs have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections due to their reduced toxicity compared to other NMs. The potential of plant mediated NMs for preventing AR is also discussed. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of understanding the properties and mechanisms of NMs for the development of effective strategies against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazedur Rahman
- Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Somya Sadaf
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Ranchi 835215 Jharkhand India
| | - Md Enamul Hoque
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Akash Mishra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Ranchi 835215 Jharkhand India
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410 Brunei Darussalam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Jalandhar Punjab India
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute Urutaí GO Brazil
| | - Jagpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University Mohali-140413 India
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Tong X, Goh SG, Mohapatra S, Tran NH, You L, Zhang J, He Y, Gin KYH. Predicting Antibiotic Resistance and Assessing the Risk Burden from Antibiotics: A Holistic Modeling Framework in a Tropical Reservoir. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6781-6792. [PMID: 38560895 PMCID: PMC11025116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Predicting the hotspots of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquatics is crucial for managing associated risks. We developed an integrated modeling framework toward predicting the spatiotemporal abundance of antibiotics, indicator bacteria, and their corresponding antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), as well as assessing the potential AMR risks to the aquatic ecosystem in a tropical reservoir. Our focus was on two antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP), and on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and its variant resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (EC_SXT). We validated the predictive model using withheld data, with all Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values above 0.79, absolute relative difference (ARD) less than 25%, and coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.800 for the modeled targets. Predictions indicated concentrations of 1-15 ng/L for SMX, 0.5-5 ng/L for TMP, and 0 to 5 (log10 MPN/100 mL) for E. coli and -1.1 to 3.5 (log10 CFU/100 mL) for EC_SXT. Risk assessment suggested that the predicted TMP could pose a higher risk of AMR development than SMX, but SMX could possess a higher ecological risk. The study lays down a hybrid modeling framework for integrating a statistic model with a process-based model to predict AMR in a holistic manner, thus facilitating the development of a better risk management framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuneng Tong
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- NUS
Environmental Research Institute, National
University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Shin Giek Goh
- NUS
Environmental Research Institute, National
University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Sanjeeb Mohapatra
- NUS
Environmental Research Institute, National
University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Ngoc Han Tran
- NUS
Environmental Research Institute, National
University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Luhua You
- NUS
Environmental Research Institute, National
University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- NUS
Environmental Research Institute, National
University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Northeast
Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- Shenzhen
Municipal Engineering Lab of Environmental IoT Technologies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055,China
| | - Yiliang He
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- NUS
Environmental Research Institute, National
University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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Khan M, Wali R, Mashwani ZUR, Raja NI, Ullah R, Bari A, Zaman S, Sohail. Nanowarriors from Mentha: Unleashing Nature's Antimicrobial Arsenal with Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:15449-15462. [PMID: 38585053 PMCID: PMC10993373 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Medicinal plant-based cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) possessed excellent antimicrobial properties against multiple strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The CeO2NPs are popular because their electropositive charged surface causes oxidation of plasma membrane and facilitates the penetration of CeO2NPs inside the pathogen body. In the present research work, CeO2NPs stabilized with Mentha leaf extract; as a result, nanoparticles surface-bonded with various functional groups of phytochemicals which enhanced the therapeutic potential of CeO2NPs. The inhibition percentage of CeO2NPs was evaluated against eight pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus epidermidis; Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Comamonas sp., Halobacterium sp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae; and plant bacteria Xanthomonas sp. The antifungal properties of CeO2NPs were evaluated against three pathogenic fungal species Bipolaris sorokiniana, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum via the streak plate method. The antimicrobial inhibitory activity of CeO2NPs was good to excellent. The current research work clearly shows that three different medicinal plants Mentha royleana, Mentha longifolia, and Mentha arvensis based CeO2NPs, variation in nanoparticle sizes, and surface-to-volume ratio of green CeO2NPs are three factors responsible to generate and provoke antimicrobial activities of CeO2NPs against human pathogenic bacteria and plant infecting fungi. The results show that CeO2NPs possessed good antimicrobial properties and are effective to use for pharmaceutical applications and as a food preservative because of low toxicity, organic coating, and acceptable antimicrobial properties. This study showed a rapid and well-organized method to prepare stable phytochemical-coated CeO2NPs with three different plants M. royleana, M. longifolia, and M. arvensis with remarkable antibacterial and antifungal characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarij Khan
- Department
of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS)-Arid
Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Rahmat Wali
- Department
of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS)-Arid
Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani
- Department
of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS)-Arid
Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
- Pakistan
Academy of Sciences, Islamabad 44010, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Iqbal Raja
- Department
of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS)-Arid
Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy King
Saud University Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of
Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Zaman
- Department
of Botany, University of Malakand KPK, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
| | - Sohail
- College
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou
University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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10
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Baciu AP, Baciu C, Baciu G, Gurau G. The burden of antibiotic resistance of the main microorganisms causing infections in humans - review of the literature. J Med Life 2024; 17:246-260. [PMID: 39044924 PMCID: PMC11262613 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the biggest threats to human well-being and public health is antibiotic resistance. If allowed to spread unchecked, it might become a major health risk and trigger another pandemic. This proves the need to develop antibiotic resistance-related global health solutions that take into consideration microdata from various global locations. Establishing positive social norms, guiding individual and group behavioral habits that support global human health, and ultimately raising public awareness of the need for such action could all have a positive impact. Antibiotic resistance is not just a growing clinical concern but also complicates therapy, making adherence to current guidelines for managing antibiotic resistance extremely difficult. Numerous genetic components have been connected to the development of resistance; some of these components have intricate paths of transfer between microorganisms. Beyond this, the subject of antibiotic resistance is becoming increasingly significant in medical microbiology as new mechanisms underpinning its development are identified. In addition to genetic factors, behaviors such as misdiagnosis, exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics, and delayed diagnosis contribute to the development of resistance. However, advancements in bioinformatics and DNA sequencing technology have completely transformed the diagnostic sector, enabling real-time identification of the components and causes of antibiotic resistance. This information is crucial for developing effective control and prevention strategies to counter the threat.
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Key Words
- AOM, acute otitis media
- CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- CRE, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales
- ESBL, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
- Hib, Haemophilus influenzae type b
- LVRE, linezolid/vancomycin -resistant enterococci
- MBC, minimum bactericidal concentration
- MBL, metallo-beta-lactamases
- MDR, multidrug-resistant
- MIC, minimum inhibitor concentration
- MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- PBP, penicillin-binding protein
- SCCmec staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec
- VRE, vancomycin-resistant enterococci
- XDR, extensively drug-resistant
- antibiotic resistance
- antibiotics
- beta-lactamase
- cIAI, complicated intra-abdominal infection
- cUTI, complicated urinary tract infection
- carbapenems
- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- vancomycin
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Baciu
- MedLife Hyperclinic Nicolae Balcescu, Galati, Romania
| | - Ginel Baciu
- Sf. Ioan Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Galati, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University, Galati, Romania
| | - Gabriela Gurau
- Sf. Ioan Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Galati, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University, Galati, Romania
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11
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Guo X, Chen H, Tong Y, Wu X, Tang C, Qin X, Guo J, Li P, Wang Z, Liu W, Mo J. A review on the antibiotic florfenicol: Occurrence, environmental fate, effects, and health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117934. [PMID: 38109957 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Florfenicol, as a replacement for chloramphenicol, can tightly bind to the A site of the 23S rRNA in the 50S subunit of the 70S ribosome, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis and bacterial proliferation. Due to the widespread use in aquaculture and veterinary medicine, florfenicol has been detected in the aquatic environment worldwide. Concerns over the effects and health risks of florfenicol on target and non-target organisms have been raised in recent years. Although the ecotoxicity of florfenicol has been widely reported in different species, no attempt has been made to review the current research progress of florfenicol toxicity, hormesis, and its health risks posed to biota. In this study, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to summarize the effects of florfenicol on various organisms including bacteria, algae, invertebrates, fishes, birds, and mammals. The generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria and spread antibiotic resistant genes, closely associated with hormesis, are pressing environmental health issues stemming from overuse or misuse of antibiotics including florfenicol. Exposure to florfenicol at μg/L-mg/L induced hormetic effects in several algal species, and chromoplasts might serve as a target for florfenicol-induced effects; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are completely lacking. Exposure to high levels (mg/L) of florfenicol modified the xenobiotic metabolism, antioxidant systems, and energy metabolism, resulting in hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, immunotoxicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, obesogenic effects, and hormesis in different animal species. Mitochondria and the associated energy metabolism are suggested to be the primary targets for florfenicol toxicity in animals, albeit further in-depth investigations are warranted for revealing the long-term effects (e.g., whole-life-cycle impacts, multigenerational effects) of florfenicol, especially at environmental levels, and the underlying mechanisms. This will facilitate the evaluation of potential hormetic effects and construction of adverse outcome pathways for environmental risk assessment and regulation of florfenicol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingying Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yongqi Tong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xintong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Can Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiahua Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Ping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jiezhang Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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12
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Balciunaitiene A, Januskevice V, Saunoriute S, Raubyte U, Viskelis J, Memvanga PB, Viskelis P. Antimicrobial Antioxidant Polymer Films with Green Silver Nanoparticles from Symphyti radix. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:317. [PMID: 38337206 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial natural polymer film with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using aqueous plant root extracts as reducing capping agents and for film formatting show extensive applicability for pathogenic microorganism problems. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) techniques. The antimicrobial activity of biofilm with green AgNPs was analysed by inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria culture using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were slightly higher in aqueous extracts of Sym. Radix than in Sym. Radix/AgNPs. The antimicrobial effect of polymer film/AgNPs against selected test bacteria cultures was substantially more robust than with pure film. Pictures of AgNPs obtained by TEM revealed the presence of spherical-shaped nano-objects with an average size 27.45 nm. SEM-EDS studies confirmed the uniform distribution of metal nanoparticles throughout the biopolymeric matrix. Morphological studies of the surface showed that the obtained surface of the films was even, without holes or other relief irregularities. These apparent Symphyti radix polymer film/AgNPs' biological functions could provide a platform for fighting pathogenic bacteria in the era of multi-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiste Balciunaitiene
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Baptai, Lithuania
| | - Viktorija Januskevice
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Baptai, Lithuania
| | - Sandra Saunoriute
- Research Institute of Natural and Technological Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, 40444 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Urte Raubyte
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Viskelis
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Baptai, Lithuania
| | - Patrick B Memvanga
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Pranas Viskelis
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Baptai, Lithuania
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13
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Sui J, Lin Z, Azizpour S, Chen F, Gaur S, Keene K, Soleimani F, Bhowmick T, Rafique Z, Javanmard M. Clinical evaluation of a fully electronic microfluidic white blood cell analyzer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296344. [PMID: 38236796 PMCID: PMC10796056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The White Blood Cell (WBC) count is one of the key parameters signaling the health of the immune system. Abnormal WBC counts often signal a systemic insult to the body such as an underlying infection or an adverse side effect to medication. Typically, the blood collected is sent to a central lab for testing, and results come back within hours, which is often inconvenient and may delay time-sensitive diagnosis or treatment. Here, we present the CytoTracker, a fully electronic, microfluidic based instant WBC analyzer with the potential to be used at point-of-care. The CytoTracker is a lightweight, portable, affordable platform capable of quantifying WBCs within minutes using only 50 μl of blood (approximately one drop of blood). In this study, we clinically evaluated the accuracy and performance of CytoTracker in measuring WBC and granulocyte counts. A total of 210 adult patients were recruited in the study. We validated the CytoTracker against a standard benchtop analyzer (Horiba Point of Care Hematology Analyzer, ABX Micros 60). Linear dynamic ranges of 2.5 k/μl- 35 k/μl and 0.6 k/μl- 26 k/μl were achieved for total WBC count and granulocyte count with correlation coefficients of 0.97 and 0.98. In addition, we verified CytoTracker's capability of identifying abnormal blood counts with above 90% sensitivity and specificity. The promising results of this clinical validation study demonstrate the potential for the use of the CytoTracker as a reliable and accurate point-of-care WBC analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Sui
- RizLab Health, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Zhongtian Lin
- RizLab Health, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Shahriar Azizpour
- RizLab Health, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Sunanda Gaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kelly Keene
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Farzad Soleimani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tanaya Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Zubaid Rafique
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mehdi Javanmard
- RizLab Health, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
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14
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Velmurugan H, Venkatesan S, Meles HN, Neelambaram K, Thangaraju P. Sulbactam-Durlobactam, A Novel Drug for the Treatment of Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections - A Systematic Review. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:e220124225835. [PMID: 38258766 DOI: 10.2174/0118715265276432231217192054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulbactam-durlobactam (SUL-DUR) has been tested in vitro for its ability to generate resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species. According to prior studies, combining durlobactam with sulbactam causes sulbactam-resistant isolates to become more active and revert to susceptibility. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of the in vitro activity of SUL-DUR on A. baumannii (Ab) isolates, including carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAb), to provide an overview for physicians dealing with Ab infections. METHODS The following keywords were searched in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE databases to look for eligible original works that have been published without restrictions till June 30, 2023: A. baumannii and sulbactam-durlobactam, SUL-DUR, durlobactam, and sulbactam-ETX2514. We also searched clinicaltrials.gov and the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI) for clinical trials involving sulbactamdurlobactam and Acinetobacter. RESULTS There were a total of 852 abstracts found. Among them, 633 articles with titles, abstracts, and keywords were reviewed, and 574 articles were removed after the initial screening. A total of 59 full-text eligible articles were evaluated, and 51 of them were eliminated because they did not satisfy the criteria set for inclusion. The full texts of the final 8 in vitro studies on A. baumanii and sulbactam/durlobactam were further evaluated. There were 5 trials on A. baumanii and sulbactam/durlobactam found on clinicaltrials.gov and the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI). CONCLUSION The findings from the studies show that SUL-DUR might be a successful therapeutic option for multidrug-resistant-Ab infections. Future clinical trials will be required to validate the possibility of using this combination to treat multidrug-resistant A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hadush Negash Meles
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia
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15
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Axenie C, López-Corona O, Makridis MA, Akbarzadeh M, Saveriano M, Stancu A, West J. Antifragility as a complex system's response to perturbations, volatility, and time. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2312.13991v1. [PMID: 38196741 PMCID: PMC10775345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Antifragility characterizes the benefit of a dynamical system derived from the variability in environmental perturbations. Antifragility carries a precise definition that quantifies a system's output response to input variability. Systems may respond poorly to perturbations (fragile) or benefit from perturbations (antifragile). In this manuscript, we review a range of applications of antifragility theory in technical systems (e.g., traffic control, robotics) and natural systems (e.g., cancer therapy, antibiotics). While there is a broad overlap in methods used to quantify and apply antifragility across disciplines, there is a need for precisely defining the scales at which antifragility operates. Thus, we provide a brief general introduction to the properties of antifragility in applied systems and review relevant literature for both natural and technical systems' antifragility. We frame this review within three scales common to technical systems: intrinsic (input-output nonlinearity), inherited (extrinsic environmental signals), and interventional (feedback control), with associated counterparts in biological systems: ecological (homogeneous systems), evolutionary (heterogeneous systems), and interventional (control). We use the common noun in designing systems that exhibit antifragile behavior across scales and guide the reader along the spectrum of fragility-adaptiveness-resilience-robustness-antifragility, the principles behind it, and its practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Axenie
- Department of Computer Science and Center for Artificial Intelligence, Nuremberg Institute of Technology Georg Simon Ohm, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Oliver López-Corona
- Investigadores por México (IxM) at Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y Sistemas (IIMAS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, México
| | | | - Meisam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Transportation Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Matteo Saveriano
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alexandru Stancu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jeffrey West
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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16
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Alejandro AL, Leo WWC, Bruce M. Opportunities to Improve Awareness of Antimicrobial Resistance Through Social Marketing: A Systematic Review of Interventions Targeting Parents and Children. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:3376-3392. [PMID: 36437539 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2149132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lack of knowledge from parents concerning the appropriate use of antimicrobials leads to poor treatment choices and mismanagement of antimicrobials for their children. Social marketing (SM) strategies have the potential to help parents access useful information on the appropriate use of antimicrobials. Still, its application in interventions targeting antimicrobial/antibiotic resistance awareness is minimal. This study explores the use of SM in antimicrobial/antibiotic awareness campaigns (AACs) to identify opportunities for SM approaches in developing future communication interventions targeting parents and children. We conduct a systematic review of interventions targeting parents and children between 2000 and 2022. Articles meeting the selection criteria were assessed against social marketing benchmark criteria (SMBC). We identified 6978 original records, 16 of which were included in the final review. None of the articles explicitly identified SM as part of their interventions. Twelve interventions (75%) included 1 to 4 (out of 8) benchmark criteria, while four (25%) had 5-8 benchmarks in their interventions. Of the interventions with less than four benchmark criteria, six studies (50%) reported a positive effect direction outcome, and six studies (50%) reported negative/no change direction on the outcome of interests. Meanwhile, all interventions with five or more SMBC resulted in a positive effect direction in their outcomes. In this review, the use of SM has shown promising results, indicating opportunities for future antimicrobial resistance (AMR) interventions that incorporate social marketing benchmark criteria to improve intervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lapuz Alejandro
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University
- Department of Nursing, Fiona Stanley Hospital
| | | | - Mieghan Bruce
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University
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17
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Omeershffudin UNM, Kumar S. Emerging threat of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: pathogenesis, treatment challenges, and potential for vaccine development. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:330. [PMID: 37688619 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The continuous rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious concern as it endangers the effectiveness of healthcare interventions that rely on antibiotics in the long run. The increasing resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacteria responsible for causing gonorrhea, to commonly used antimicrobial drugs, is a major concern. This has now become a critical global health crisis. In the coming years, there is a risk of a hidden epidemic caused by the emergence of gonococcal AMR. This will worsen the global situation. Infections caused by N. gonorrhoeae were once considered easily treatable. However, over time, they have become increasingly resistant to commonly used therapeutic medications, such as penicillin, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. As a result, this pathogen is developing into a true "superbug," which means that ceftriaxone is now the only available option for initial empirical treatment. Effective management strategies are urgently needed to prevent severe consequences, such as infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease, which can result from delayed intervention. This review provides a thorough analysis of the escalating problem of N. gonorrhoeae, including its pathogenesis, current treatment options, the emergence of drug-resistant mechanisms, and the potential for vaccine development. We aim to provide valuable insights for healthcare practitioners, policymakers, and researchers in their efforts to combat N. gonorrhoeae antibiotic resistance by elucidating the multifaceted aspects of this global challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umairah Natasya Mohd Omeershffudin
- Post Graduate Centre, Management and Science University, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, 40100, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
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18
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Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, Alqumber MAA. Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1946. [PMID: 37444780 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are among the most important discoveries of the 20th century, having saved millions of lives from infectious diseases. Microbes have developed acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to many drugs due to high selection pressure from increasing use and misuse of antibiotics over the years. The transmission and acquisition of AMR occur primarily via a human-human interface both within and outside of healthcare facilities. A huge number of interdependent factors related to healthcare and agriculture govern the development of AMR through various drug-resistance mechanisms. The emergence and spread of AMR from the unrestricted use of antimicrobials in livestock feed has been a major contributing factor. The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria has attained an incongruous level worldwide and threatens global public health as a silent pandemic, necessitating urgent intervention. Therapeutic options of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are limited, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality with high financial impact. The paucity in discovery and supply of new novel antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infections by resistant pathogens stands in sharp contrast to demand. Immediate interventions to contain AMR include surveillance and monitoring, minimizing over-the-counter antibiotics and antibiotics in food animals, access to quality and affordable medicines, vaccines and diagnostics, and enforcement of legislation. An orchestrated collaborative action within and between multiple national and international organizations is required urgently, otherwise, a postantibiotic era can be a more real possibility than an apocalyptic fantasy for the 21st century. This narrative review highlights on this basis, mechanisms and factors in microbial resistance, and key strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Salam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Md Yusuf Al-Amin
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Jogendra Singh Pawar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A A Alqumber
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Al Baha 65431, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Mbuthia OW, Ng'ayo MO. Antibiotic sensitivity profile of bacterial isolates from stool samples among children below five years in Murang'a County, Kenya. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 45:87. [PMID: 37663642 PMCID: PMC10474812 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.45.87.17909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction the discovery of antibiotics led to the optimistic belief of completely eradicating infectious diseases during the golden era following their discovery. Countries are grappling with the burden of microbial resistance bringing a near paralysis of all facets of mankind. Enterobacteriaceae and other hard-to-treat Gram-negative bacteria have become resistant to nearly all antibiotic options available, and this is a bad taste in the fight against microbial resistance. Methods during the months of April-October 2017, 163 children below five years presenting with diarrhea were randomly selected in Murang´a and Muriranja´s Hospitals. Bacterial agents were identified and antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined. Design: a cross-sectional study approach was used. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA v. 13. Results a total of 188 bacteria belonging to 11 genera were isolated, and identified and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined. Susceptibility testing showed that almost all the Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), Salmonella, Klebsiella, Shigella, Vibrio, Enterobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Citrobacter and Yersinia species were resistant to the following antibiotics: ampicillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and kanamycin. Other than ETEC (90.9%), all the rest of the isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid. Other than ETEC (9.1%), EAEC (33.3%) and Salmonella species (95.2%), all the rest of the isolates were resistant to gentamicin. Other than V. cholerae, all the other isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Isolates were sporadically resistant to erythromycin, streptomycin, doxycycline, and ofloxacin. Conclusion the high resistance rate of enteric Gram-negative bacterial pathogens in Murang´a County is alarming. The need for urgent, efficient, and sustainable actions and interventions, such as culture and susceptibility testing, is needed and must be taken into account to minimize and prevent the establishment and spread of enteric pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Waithaka Mbuthia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Musa Otieno Ng'ayo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Microbiology Research, Nairobi, Kenya
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20
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Elbialy NA, Elhakim HKA, Mohamed MH, Zakaria Z. Evaluation of the synergistic effect of chitosan metal ions (Cu 2+/Co 2+) in combination with antibiotics to counteract the effects on antibiotic resistant bacteria. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17978-17990. [PMID: 37323456 PMCID: PMC10265139 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02758a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of antibiotics that save millions of lives is in danger due to the increasing rise of resistant bacteria around the world. We proposed chitosan-copper ions (CSNP-Cu2+) and chitosan-cobalt ion nanoparticles (CSNP-Co2+) as biodegradable nanoparticles loaded with metal ions synthesized via an ionic gelation method for treatment of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The nanoparticles were characterized using TEM, FT-IR, zeta potential and ICP-OES. The MIC was evaluated for the NPs in addition to evaluating the synergetic effect of the nanoparticles in combination with cefepime or penicillin for five different antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. In order to investigate the mode of action, MRSA, DSMZ 28766 and Escherichia coli E0157:H7 were selected for further evaluation of antibiotic resistant genes expression upon treatment with NPs. Finally, the cytotoxic activities were investigated using MCF7, HEPG2 and A549 and WI-38 cell lines. The results showed quasi spherical shape and mean particle size of 19.9 ± 5 nm, 21 ± 5 nm and 22.27 ± 5 for CSNP, CSNP-Cu2+ and CSNP-Co2+ respectively. FT-IR showed slight shifting of the hydroxyl and amine group's peaks of chitosan indicating the adsorption of metal ions. Both nanoparticles had antibacterial activity with MIC ranging between 125 and 62 μg ml-1 for the used standard bacterial strains. Moreover, the combination of each of the synthesized NP with either cefepime or penicillin not only showed a synergetic effect as antibacterial activity of each NP or antibiotics alone, but also decreased the fold of antibiotic resistance genes expression. The NPs showed potent cytotoxic activities for MCF-7, HepG2 and A549 cancer cell lines with lower cytotoxic values for the WI-38 normal cell line. The NPs' antibacterial activity may be due to penetration and rupture of the cell membrane and the outer membrane of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria causing bacterial cell death, in addition to, penetration into the bacterial genes and blocking gene expression that is vital to bacterial growth. The fabricated nanoparticles can be an effective, affordable and biodegradable solution to challenge antibiotic resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouran A Elbialy
- Biotechnology and Bimolecular Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Heba K A Elhakim
- Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | | | - Zainab Zakaria
- Research and Development Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University Cairo Egypt
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21
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Dias SADN, Divyasorubini S, Gamage KTJ, Dalath RM, Weerasinghe MSS, Silva GN. Na +/K + carrier ionophore antibiotics valinomycin and monensin enhance the antibacterial activity of fluoride. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2023:10.1038/s41429-023-00619-w. [PMID: 37069308 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00619-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is routinely used as a highly effective antibacterial agent that interferes with bacterial metabolism through fundamentally different mechanisms. One of the major bacterial evasion mechanisms against fluoride is the impermeability of cell envelope to the anion that limits its cellular uptake. Therefore, translating such compounds to clinical settings requires novel mechanisms to facilitate the uptake of membrane-impermeant molecules. Published data have indicated antibiotic synergy between fluoride and membrane destabilizing agents that induce strong fluoride toxicity in bacteria via enhancing the permeability of bacterial membranes to fluoride. Here, we report a similar mechanism of antibiotic synergy between fluoride and potassium ion carriers, valinomycin and monensin against Gram-positive bacteria, B. subtilis and S. aureus. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to understand the effect of potassium on the binding affinity of fluoride to monensin and valinomycin. The trajectory results strongly indicated that the monensin molecules transport fluoride ions across the cell membrane via formation of ion-pair between the monensin-K+ complex and a fluoride. This study provides new insights to design novel compounds to enhance the uptake of small toxic anions via synergistic interactions and thus exert strong antibacterial activity against a wide variety of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A D N Dias
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - S Divyasorubini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Molecular Biology (BMMB), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - K T J Gamage
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R M Dalath
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M S S Weerasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - G N Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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22
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Ramírez-Hernández M, Norambuena J, Hu H, Thomas B, Tang C, Boyd JM, Asefa T. Repurposing Anthelmintics: Rafoxanide- and Copper-Functionalized SBA-15 Carriers against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:17459-17469. [PMID: 36975176 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The development of materials that can more efficiently administer antimicrobial agents in a controlled manner is urgently needed due to the rise in microbial resistance to traditional antibiotics. While new classes of antibiotics are developed and put into widespread usage, existing, inexpensive compounds can be repurposed to fight bacterial infections. Here, we present the synthesis of amine-functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica nanomaterials with physisorbed rafoxanide (RFX), a commonly used salicylanilide anthelmintic, and anchored Cu(II) ions that exhibit enhanced antimicrobial efficacy against the pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The synthesized nanomaterials are structurally characterized by a combination of physicochemical, thermal, and optical methods. Additionally, release studies are carried out in vitro to determine the effects of pH and the synthetic sequence used to produce the materials on Cu(II) ion release. Our results indicate that SBA-15 mesoporous silica nanocarriers loaded with Cu(II) and RFX exhibit 10 times as much bactericidal action against wild-type S. aureus as the nanocarrier loaded with only RFX. Furthermore, the synthetic sequence used to produce the nanomaterials could significantly affect (enhance) their bactericidal efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricely Ramírez-Hernández
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Javiera Norambuena
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 76 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Hongnan Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Belvin Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Chaoyun Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Hoffman Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jeffrey M Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 76 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Tewodros Asefa
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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23
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Sipahi N, Kaya E, Çelik C, Pınar O. The Characterization and Beta-Lactam Resistance of Staphylococcal Community Recovered from Raw Bovine Milk. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030556. [PMID: 36978423 PMCID: PMC10044537 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci is an opportunistic bacterial population that is permanent in the normal flora of milk and poses a serious threat to animal and human health with some virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes. This study was aimed at identifying staphylococcal species isolated from raw milk and to determine hemolysis, biofilm, coagulase activities, and beta-lactam resistance. The raw milk samples were collected from the Düzce (Türkiye) region, and the study data represent a first for this region. The characterization of the bacteria was performed with MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The presence of coa, icaB, blaZ, and mecA was investigated with PCR. A nitrocefin chromogenic assay was used for beta-lactamase screening. In this context, 84 staphylococci were isolated from 10 different species, and the dominant species was determined as S. aureus (32.14%). Although 32.14% of all staphylococci were positive for beta hemolysis, the icaB gene was found in 57.14%, coa in 46.42%, mecA in 15.47%, and blaZ in 8.33%. As a result, Staphylococcus spp. strains that were isolated from raw milk in this study contained some virulence factors at a high level, but also contained a relatively low level of beta-lactam resistance genes. However, considering the animal–environment–human interaction, it is considered that the current situation must be monitored constantly in terms of resistance concerns. It must not be forgotten that the development of resistance is in constant change among bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisa Sipahi
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Applied and Research Center, Düzce University, 81620 Düzce, Türkiye
- Correspondence:
| | - Ertugrul Kaya
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Medicine Faculty, Düzce University, 81620 Düzce, Türkiye;
| | - Cansu Çelik
- Food Technology Program, Food Processing Department, Vocational School of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Orhan Pınar
- Equine and Equine Training Program, Vocational School of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Türkiye;
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24
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Naidoo A, Kajee A, Mvelase NR, Swe-Han KS. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial uropathogens in a South African regional hospital. Afr J Lab Med 2023; 12:1920. [PMID: 37063604 PMCID: PMC10091058 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infections are common bacterial infections affecting millions worldwide. Although treatment options for urinary tract infections are well established, with ciprofloxacin long considered one of the antibiotics of choice, increasing antibiotic resistance may delay the initiation of appropriate therapy. While this increase in antimicrobial resistance has been demonstrated in multiple studies around the world, there is a dearth of information from developing countries. Objective This study aimed to describe the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of commonly isolated bacterial uropathogens in a South African hospital. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility data of isolates obtained from urine specimens at the RK Khan Hospital, a regional hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, between January 2018 and December 2020 were retrieved from the hospital's laboratory information system and analysed to determine the differences in resistance rates between the most frequently isolated bacterial uropathogens. Results Of the 3048 bacterial urinary pathogens isolated between 2018 and 2020, Escherichia coli (1603; 53%) was the most common, followed by Klebsiella spp. (437; 14%). Both E. coli and Klebsiella spp. showed high rates of resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (29.8% and 42.3%) and ciprofloxacin (37.7% and 30.4%). Nitrofurantoin resistance was low among E. coli (6.2%) but high among Klebsiella spp. (61.3%). Conclusion E. coli and Klebsiella spp. in this study were highly resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin, two of the frequently prescribed oral treatment options. What this study adds This study highlights the importance of regular local antimicrobial resistance surveillance to inform appropriate empiric therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Naidoo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, RK Khan Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Service, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Afsana Kajee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, National Health Laboratory Services, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nomonde R. Mvelase
- Department of Medical Microbiology, RK Khan Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Service, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Khine Swe Swe-Han
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, National Health Laboratory Services, Durban, South Africa
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25
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Shadan A, Pathak A, Ma Y, Pathania R, Singh RP. Deciphering the virulence factors, regulation, and immune response to Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1053968. [PMID: 36968113 PMCID: PMC10038080 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1053968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the virulence factors, regulation, and immune response to Acinetobacter baumannii infectionAcinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen and a major cause of hospital acquired infetions. Carbapenem resistant A. baumannii has been categorised as a Priority1 critial pathogen by the World Health Organisation. A. baumannii is responsible for infections in hospital settings, clinical sectors, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and bloodstream infections with a mortality rates up to 35%. With the development of advanced genome sequencing, molecular mechanisms of manipulating bacterial genomes, and animal infection studies, it has become more convenient to identify the factors that play a major role in A. baumannii infection and its persistence. In the present review, we have explored the mechanism of infection, virulence factors, and various other factors associated with the pathogenesis of this organism. Additionally, the role of the innate and adaptive immune response, and the current progress in the development of innovative strategies to combat this multidrug-resistant pathogen is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Shadan
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Avik Pathak
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Ma, ; Ranjana Pathania, ; Rajnish Prakash Singh,
| | - Ranjana Pathania
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
- *Correspondence: Ying Ma, ; Ranjana Pathania, ; Rajnish Prakash Singh,
| | - Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
- *Correspondence: Ying Ma, ; Ranjana Pathania, ; Rajnish Prakash Singh,
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26
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Pandey D, Singhal N, Kumar M. β-LacFamPred: An online tool for prediction and classification of β-lactamase class, subclass, and family. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1039687. [PMID: 36713195 PMCID: PMC9878453 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1039687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Lactams are a broad class of antimicrobial agents with a high safety profile, making them the most widely used class in clinical, agricultural, and veterinary setups. The widespread use of β-lactams has induced the extensive spread of β-lactamase hydrolyzing enzymes known as β-lactamases (BLs). To neutralize the effect of β-lactamases, newer generations of β-lactams have been developed, which ultimately led to the evolution of a highly diverse family of BLs. Based on sequence homology, BLs are categorized into four classes: A-D in Ambler's classification system. Further, each class is subdivided into families. Class B is first divided into subclasses B1-B3, and then each subclass is divided into families. The class to which a BL belongs gives a lot of insight into its hydrolytic profile. Traditional methods of determining the hydrolytic profile of BLs and their classification are time-consuming and require resources. Hence we developed a machine-learning-based in silico method, named as β-LacFamPred, for the prediction and annotation of Ambler's class, subclass, and 96 families of BLs. During leave-one-out cross-validation, except one all β-LacFamPred model HMMs showed 100% accuracy. Benchmarking with other BL family prediction methods showed β-LacFamPred to be the most accurate. Out of 60 penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and 57 glyoxalase II proteins, β-LacFamPred correctly predicted 56 PBPs and none of the glyoxalase II sequences as non-BLs. Proteome-wide annotation of BLs by β-LacFamPred showed a very less number of false-positive predictions in comparison to the recently developed BL class prediction tool DeepBL. β-LacFamPred is available both as a web-server and standalone tool at http://proteininformatics.org/mkumar/blacfampred and GitHub repository https://github.com/mkubiophysics/B-LacFamPred respectively.
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27
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Ng K, Alygizakis NA, Thomaidis NS, Slobodnik J. Wide-Scope Target and Suspect Screening of Antibiotics in Effluent Wastewater from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Europe. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010100. [PMID: 36671300 PMCID: PMC9854574 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of antibiotics in the environment could result in the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which could result in a public health crisis. The occurrence of 676 antibiotics and the main transformation products (TPs) was investigated in the 48 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from 11 countries (Germany, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Hungary, Slovakia, Czechia, Austria, Cyprus, and Greece) by target and suspect screening. Target screening involved the investigation of antibiotics with reference standards (40 antibiotics). Suspect screening covered 676 antibiotics retrieved from the NORMAN Substance Database (antibiotic list on NORMAN network). Forty-seven antibiotics were detected in effluent wastewater samples: thirty-two by target screening and fifteen additional ones by suspect screening. An ecotoxicological risk assessment was performed based on occurrence data and predicted no effect concentration (PNEC), which involved the derivation of frequency of appearance (FoA), frequency of PNEC exceedance (FoE), and extent of PNEC exceedance (EoE). Azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were prioritized as the calculated risk score was above 1. The median of antibiotics' load to freshwater ecosystems was 0.59 g/day/WWTP. The detection of antibiotics across countries indicates the presence of antibiotics in the ecosystems of Europe, which may trigger unwanted responses from the ecosystem, including antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Ng
- Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241 Koš, Slovakia
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nikiforos A. Alygizakis
- Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241 Koš, Slovakia
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Nikolaos S. Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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28
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Depta J, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P. The Phenomenon of Antibiotic Resistance in the Polar Regions: An Overview of the Global Problem. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:1979-1995. [PMID: 37034396 PMCID: PMC10081531 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s369023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance is a global problem in human and animal health. This leads to a reduction in the therapeutic effectiveness of the measures used so far and to the limitation of treatment options, which may pose a threat to human health and life. The problem of phenomenon of antibiotic resistance affects more and more the polar regions. This is due to the increase in tourist traffic and the number of people staying at research stations, unmodernised sewage systems in inhabited areas, as well as the migration of animals or the movement of microplastics, which may contain resistant bacteria. Research shows that the presence of antibiotic resistance genes is more dominant in zones of human and wildlife influence than in remote areas. In a polluted environment, there is evidence of a direct correlation between human activity and the spread and survival of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Attention should be paid to the presence of resistance to synthetic and semi-synthetic antibiotics in the polar regions, which is likely to be correlated with human presence and activity, and possible steps to be taken. We need to understand many more aspects of this, such as bacterial epigenetics and environmental stress, in order to develop effective strategies for minimizing the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. Studying the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in regions with less anthropogenic activity could provide insight into the diversity of primary genes and explain the historical evolution of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Depta
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-412, Poland
| | - Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-412, Poland
- Correspondence: Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-412, Poland, Tel +48 91 444 15 15, Email
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29
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Islam MM, Asif F, Zaman SU, Arnab MKH, Rahman MM, Hasan M. Effect of charge on the antimicrobial activity of alpha-helical amphibian antimicrobial peptide. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2023; 4:100182. [PMID: 36926259 PMCID: PMC10011193 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a severe threat to the world's public health, which has increased the need to discover novel antibacterial molecules. In this context, an emerging class of naturally occurring short peptide molecules called antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has been considered potent antibacterial agents. Amphibians are one of the significant sources of AMPs, which have been extensively studied for the last few decades. Most amphibian AMPs are cationic, and several of these cationic AMPs adopt a well-defined alpha-helical structure in the presence of bacterial membranes. These cationic alpha-helical amphibian AMPs (CαAMPs) can selectively and preferentially bind with the negatively charged surfaces of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through electrostatic interaction, considered the main reason for their antibacterial activities. Here, we categorized these CαAMPs according to their charge, and to calculate the charge density; we divided the charge of each peptide by its corresponding length. To investigate the effect of charge among these categories, charge or charge density under each charge category was plotted against their corresponding minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Moreover, the effect of charge modification of some CαAMPs under specific charge categories in the context of MIC and hemolysis was also discussed. The information in this review will help us understand the antibacterial activity of accessible CαAMPs depending on each charge category across species. Additionally, this study suggests that designing novel functional antibacterial agents requires charge modification optimally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Fahim Asif
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Sabbir Uz Zaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Moynul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
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30
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Wortel MT, Agashe D, Bailey SF, Bank C, Bisschop K, Blankers T, Cairns J, Colizzi ES, Cusseddu D, Desai MM, van Dijk B, Egas M, Ellers J, Groot AT, Heckel DG, Johnson ML, Kraaijeveld K, Krug J, Laan L, Lässig M, Lind PA, Meijer J, Noble LM, Okasha S, Rainey PB, Rozen DE, Shitut S, Tans SJ, Tenaillon O, Teotónio H, de Visser JAGM, Visser ME, Vroomans RMA, Werner GDA, Wertheim B, Pennings PS. Towards evolutionary predictions: Current promises and challenges. Evol Appl 2023; 16:3-21. [PMID: 36699126 PMCID: PMC9850016 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution has traditionally been a historical and descriptive science, and predicting future evolutionary processes has long been considered impossible. However, evolutionary predictions are increasingly being developed and used in medicine, agriculture, biotechnology and conservation biology. Evolutionary predictions may be used for different purposes, such as to prepare for the future, to try and change the course of evolution or to determine how well we understand evolutionary processes. Similarly, the exact aspect of the evolved population that we want to predict may also differ. For example, we could try to predict which genotype will dominate, the fitness of the population or the extinction probability of a population. In addition, there are many uses of evolutionary predictions that may not always be recognized as such. The main goal of this review is to increase awareness of methods and data in different research fields by showing the breadth of situations in which evolutionary predictions are made. We describe how diverse evolutionary predictions share a common structure described by the predictive scope, time scale and precision. Then, by using examples ranging from SARS-CoV2 and influenza to CRISPR-based gene drives and sustainable product formation in biotechnology, we discuss the methods for predicting evolution, the factors that affect predictability and how predictions can be used to prevent evolution in undesirable directions or to promote beneficial evolution (i.e. evolutionary control). We hope that this review will stimulate collaboration between fields by establishing a common language for evolutionary predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike T. Wortel
- Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Deepa Agashe
- National Centre for Biological SciencesBangaloreIndia
| | | | - Claudia Bank
- Institute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanneSwitzerland
- Gulbenkian Science InstituteOeirasPortugal
| | - Karen Bisschop
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Origins CenterGroningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven KulakKortrijkBelgium
| | - Thomas Blankers
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Origins CenterGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Enrico Sandro Colizzi
- Origins CenterGroningenThe Netherlands
- Mathematical InstituteLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Bram van Dijk
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary BiologyPlönGermany
| | - Martijn Egas
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jacintha Ellers
- Department of Ecological ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Astrid T. Groot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ken Kraaijeveld
- Leiden Centre for Applied BioscienceUniversity of Applied Sciences LeidenLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Joachim Krug
- Institute for Biological PhysicsUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Liedewij Laan
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of NanoscienceTU DelftDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Michael Lässig
- Institute for Biological PhysicsUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Peter A. Lind
- Department Molecular BiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Jeroen Meijer
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Luke M. Noble
- Institute de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, InsermParisFrance
| | | | - Paul B. Rainey
- Department of Microbial Population BiologyMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary BiologyPlönGermany
- Laboratoire Biophysique et Évolution, CBI, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Daniel E. Rozen
- Institute of Biology, Leiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Shraddha Shitut
- Origins CenterGroningenThe Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Leiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcel E. Visser
- Department of Animal EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Renske M. A. Vroomans
- Origins CenterGroningenThe Netherlands
- Informatics InstituteUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Bregje Wertheim
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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31
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Westover C, Rahmatulloev S, Danko D, Afshin EE, O’Hara NB, Ounit R, Bezdan D, Mason CE. Ozone Disinfection for Elimination of Bacteria and Degradation of SARS-CoV2 RNA for Medical Environments. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:85. [PMID: 36672826 PMCID: PMC9858956 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria and viruses in medical environments can lead to treatment complications and hospital-acquired infections. Current disinfection protocols do not address hard-to-access areas or may be beyond line-of-sight treatment, such as with ultraviolet radiation. The COVID-19 pandemic further underscores the demand for reliable and effective disinfection methods to sterilize a wide array of surfaces and to keep up with the supply of personal protective equipment (PPE). We tested the efficacy of Sani Sport ozone devices to treat hospital equipment and surfaces for killing Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, and Deinococcus radiodurans by assessing Colony Forming Units (CFUs) after 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h of ozone treatment. Further gene expression analysis was conducted on live E. coli K12 immediately post treatment to understand the oxidative damage stress response transcriptome profile. Ozone treatment was also used to degrade synthetic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA as assessed by qPCR CT values. We observed significant and rapid killing of medically relevant and environmental bacteria across four surfaces (blankets, catheter, remotes, and syringes) within 30 min, and up to a 99% reduction in viable bacteria at the end of 2 h treatment cycles. RNA-seq analysis of E. coli K12 revealed 447 differentially expressed genes in response to ozone treatment and an enrichment for oxidative stress response and related pathways. RNA degradation of synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA was seen an hour into ozone treatment as compared to non-treated controls, and a non-replicative form of the virus was shown to have significant RNA degradation at 30 min. These results show the strong promise of ozone treatment of surfaces for reducing the risk of hospital-acquired infections and as a method for degradation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Westover
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Savlatjon Rahmatulloev
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David Danko
- Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute, Cornell Tech, New York, NY 10044, USA
| | - Evan E. Afshin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The World Quant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Niamh B. O’Hara
- Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute, Cornell Tech, New York, NY 10044, USA
| | - Rachid Ounit
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Daniela Bezdan
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Yuri GmbH, 88074 Meckenbeuren, Germany
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute, Cornell Tech, New York, NY 10044, USA
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Celik I, Çevik UA, Karayel A, Işık A, Kayış U, Gül Ü, Bostancı HE, Konca SF, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Synthesis, Molecular Docking, Dynamics, Quantum-Chemical Computation, and Antimicrobial Activity Studies of Some New Benzimidazole-Thiadiazole Hybrids. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47015-47030. [PMID: 36570216 PMCID: PMC9773947 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, some new compounds, which are 2-aminothiadiazole derivatives linked by a phenyl bridge to the 2-position of the benzimidazole ring, were designed and synthesized as antimicrobial agents. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The antifungal activities of the synthesized compounds were tested on Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, and Candida parapsilosis. Compound 5f is more active against C. albicans and C. glabrata than standard fluconazole and varicanazole. Compounds were also evaluated for their counteracting activity against Gram-positive Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-negative Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Compounds 5c and 5h had minimum inhibitory concentrations against E. faecalis close to that of the standard azithromycin. Molecular docking studies were performed against Candida species' 14-α demethylase enzyme. 5f was the most active compound against Candida species, which gave the highest docking interaction energy. The stabilities of compounds 5c and 5f with CYP51 were tested using 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations. According to the theoretical ADME calculations, the profiles of the compounds are suitable in terms of limiting rules. HOMO-LUMO analysis showed that 5h is chemically more reactive (represented with the lower ΔE = 3.432 eV) than the other molecules, which is compatible with the highest antibacterial activity result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Celik
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ulviye Acar Çevik
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Arzu Karayel
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Hitit University, 19030 Çorum, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Işık
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Selçuk
University, 42250 Konya, Turkey
| | - Uğur Kayış
- Pazaryeri
Vocational School, Program of Pharmacy Services, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Ülküye
Dudu Gül
- Department
of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Hayrani Eren Bostancı
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Basic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Süheyl Furkan Konca
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
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Zou W, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Chen X, Ma C, Wang T, Jiang Y, Chen T, Shaw C, Wang L. Exploring the active core of a novel antimicrobial peptide, palustrin-2LTb, from the Kuatun frog, Hylarana latouchii, using a bioinformatics-directed approach. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:6192-6205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Biswas R, Debnath C, Bandyopadhyay S, Samanta I. One Health approaches adapted in low resource settings to address antimicrobial resistance. SCIENCE IN ONE HEALTH 2022; 1:100011. [PMID: 39076606 PMCID: PMC11262262 DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2023.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Inter-disciplinary collaborations are now considered as key factors for integrated health system strengthening. Its application in the domain of One Health needs more milestones to achieve. Other than the human health sector, the antimicrobials are used in food animals and aquaculture for therapy, prophylaxis and growth promotion which significantly contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance. It is the high time to develop a sustainable collaboration between the concerned sectors of One Health for a resilient health system. The domain of One Health not only mitigates the emergence of antimicrobial resistance but also helps in realizing the surveillance and epidemiology of zoonotic diseases, and the control of public health emergencies such as COVID-19. The review identified the key One Health strategies adapted by India, the exemplary low resource settings, to address antimicrobial resistance and zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ripan Biswas
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, F/o Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37, K. B. Sarani, Kolkata, 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Chanchal Debnath
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, F/o Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37, K. B. Sarani, Kolkata, 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Samiran Bandyopadhyay
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Indranil Samanta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, F/o Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37, K. B. Sarani, Kolkata, 700037, West Bengal, India
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Identification of natural inhibitor against L1 β-lactamase present in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. J Mol Model 2022; 28:342. [PMID: 36197525 PMCID: PMC9533269 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is threatening the medical industry in treating microbial infections. Many organisms are acquiring antibiotic resistance because of the continuous use of the same drug. Gram-negative organisms are developing multi-drug resistance properties (MDR) due to chromosomal level changes that occurred as a part of evolution or some intrinsic factors already present in the organism. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia falls under the category of multidrug-resistant organism. WHO has also urged to evaluate the scenario and develop new strategies for making this organism susceptible to otherwise resistant antibiotics. Using novel compounds as drugs can ameliorate the issue to some extent. The β-lactamase enzyme in the bacteria is responsible for inhibiting several drugs currently being used for treatment. This enzyme can be targeted to find an inhibitor that can inhibit the enzyme activity and make the organism susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics. Plants produce several secondary metabolites for their survival in adverse environments. Several phytoconstituents have antimicrobial properties and have been used in traditional medicine for a long time. The computational technologies can be exploited to find the best compound from many compounds. Virtual screening, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation methods are followed to get the best inhibitor for L1 β-lactamase. IMPPAT database is screened, and the top hit compounds are studied for ADMET properties. Finally, four compounds are selected to set for molecular dynamics simulation. After all the computational calculations, withanolide R is found to have a better binding and forms a stable complex with the protein. This compound can act as a potent natural inhibitor for L1 β-lactamase.
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36
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“Omic” Approaches to Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Identification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179601. [PMID: 36077000 PMCID: PMC9455953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The quick and accurate identification of microorganisms and the study of resistance to antibiotics is crucial in the economic and industrial fields along with medicine. One of the fastest-growing identification methods is the spectrometric approach consisting in the matrix-assisted laser ionization/desorption using a time-of-flight analyzer (MALDI-TOF MS), which has many advantages over conventional methods for the determination of microorganisms presented. Thanks to the use of a multiomic approach in the MALDI-TOF MS analysis, it is possible to obtain a broad spectrum of data allowing the identification of microorganisms, understanding their interactions and the analysis of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. In addition, the literature data indicate the possibility of a significant reduction in the time of the sample preparation and analysis time, which will enable a faster initiation of the treatment of patients. However, it is still necessary to improve the process of identifying and supplementing the existing databases along with creating new ones. This review summarizes the use of “-omics” approaches in the MALDI TOF MS analysis, including in bacterial identification and antibiotic resistance mechanisms analysis.
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37
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Karim MB, Kanaya S, Altaf‐Ul‐Amin M. Antibacterial Activity Prediction of Plant Secondary Metabolites Based on a Combined Approach of Graph Clustering and Deep Neural Network. Mol Inform 2022; 41:e2100247. [PMID: 35014190 PMCID: PMC9400908 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The plants produce numerous types of secondary metabolites which have pharmacological importance in drug development for different diseases. Computational methods widely use the fingerprints of the metabolites to understand different properties and similarities among metabolites and for the prediction of chemical reactions etc. In this work, we developed three different deep neural network models (DNN) to predict the antibacterial property of plant metabolites. We developed the first DNN model using the fingerprint set of metabolites as features. In the second DNN model, we searched the similarities among fingerprints using correlation and used one representative feature from each group of highly correlated fingerprints. In the third model, the fingerprints of metabolites were used to find structurally similar chemical compound clusters. Form each cluster a representative metabolite is selected and made part of the training dataset. The second model reduced the number of features where the third model achieved better classification results for test data. In both cases, we applied the simple graph clustering method to cluster the corresponding network. The correlation-based DNN model reduced some features while retaining an almost similar performance compared to the first DNN model. The third model improves classification results for test data by capturing wider variance within training data using graph clustering method. This third model is somewhat novel approach and can be applied to build DNN models for other purposes.
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Haffiez N, Chung TH, Zakaria BS, Shahidi M, Mezbahuddin S, Hai FI, Dhar BR. A critical review of process parameters influencing the fate of antibiotic resistance genes in the anaerobic digestion of organic waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127189. [PMID: 35439559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The overuse and inappropriate disposal of antibiotics raised severe public health risks worldwide. Specifically, the incomplete antibiotics metabolism in human and animal bodies contributes to the significant release of antibiotics into the natural ecosystems and the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria carrying antibiotic-resistant genes. Moreover, the organic feedstocks used for anaerobic digestion are often highly-rich in residual antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant genes. Hence, understanding their fate during anaerobic digestion has become a significant research focus recently. Previous studies demonstrated that various process parameters could considerably influence the propagation of the antibiotic-resistant genes during anaerobic digestion and their transmission via land application of digestate. This review article scrutinizes the influences of process parameters on antibiotic-resistant genes propagation in anaerobic digestion and the inherent fundamentals behind their effects. Based on the literature review, critical research gaps and challenges are summarized to guide the prospects for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nervana Haffiez
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Tae Hyun Chung
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Basem S Zakaria
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Manjila Shahidi
- 4S Analytics & Modelling Ltd., Edmonton, AB, T6W 3V6, Canada
| | | | - Faisal I Hai
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Bipro Ranjan Dhar
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
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39
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Arbab S, Ullah H, Wang W, Zhang J. Antimicrobial drug resistance against Escherichia coli and its harmful effect on animal health. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1780-1786. [PMID: 35608149 PMCID: PMC9297802 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria is imperilling the worth of antibiotic infection, which has become an emerging problem, which previously transformed the veterinary sciences. Since its discovery, many antibiotics have been effective in treating bacterial infections in animals. Escherichia coli, a bacterium, is one of the reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes in a community. The current use of antibiotics and demographic factors usually increase multidrug resistance. Genetically, the continuous adoption of environmental changes by E. coli allows it to acquire many multidrug resistance. During the host's life, antimicrobial resistance rarely poses a threat to the E. coli strain and pressure, similar to that of a flexible animal lower intestine. In this review, we describe the E. coli antibiotic drug–resistance mechanism driving transmission, the causes of transmission and the harmful effects on animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Arbab
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hanif Ullah
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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40
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Rescuing humanity by antimicrobial peptides against colistin-resistant bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3879-3893. [PMID: 35604438 PMCID: PMC9125544 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It has been about a century since the discovery of the first antibiotic, and during this period, several antibiotics were produced and marketed. The production of high-potency antibiotics against infections led to victories, but these victories were temporary. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics have continued to the point that humanity today is almost helpless in the fight against infection. Researchers have predicted that by the middle of the new century, there will be a dark period after the production of antibiotics that doctors will encounter antibiotic-resistant infections for which there is no cure. Accordingly, researchers are looking for new materials with antimicrobial properties that will strengthen their ammunition to fight antibiotic-resistant infections. One of the most important alternatives to antibiotics introduced in the last three decades is antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which affect a wide range of microbes. Due to their different antimicrobial properties from antibiotics, AMPs can fight and kill MDR, XDR, and colistin-resistant bacteria through a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, in this study, we intend to use the latest studies to give a complete description of AMPs, the importance of colistin-resistant bacteria, and their resistance mechanisms, and represent impact of AMPs on colistin-resistant bacteria. Key points • AMPs as limited options to kill colistin-resistant bacteria. • Challenge of antibiotics resistance, colistin resistance, and mechanisms. • What is AMPs in the war with colistin-resistant bacteria?
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41
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Miroshnichenko NA, Lvov NI. New approaches to the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and the prevention of bacterial complications: A review. CONSILIUM MEDICUM 2022. [DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2022.3.201509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The article discusses the current problems of the treatment of acute respiratory infections, excessive use of antibiotics and the growth of resistance to them, which is ahead of the development of effective antimicrobial drugs. The results of the research of a new drug (Rafamin) are presented. Rafamin is combining antiviral and antibacterial effects, and may be in demand both for the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and for the prevention of bacterial complications. The mechanism of action of the drug is associated with the activation of immune mechanisms involved in the recognition of pathogens of both viral and bacterial nature and the launch of a subsequent humoral and cellular response that ensures the elimination of the pathogen. The effects of Rafamin are realized due to targeted effects on the system of the major histocompatibility complex, interferon gamma and CD4-receptor of T-lymphocytes.
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42
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Contreras-García E, Lozano C, García-Iriepa C, Marazzi M, Winter AH, Torres C, Sampedro D. Controlling Antimicrobial Activity of Quinolones Using Visible/NIR Light-Activated BODIPY Photocages. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051070. [PMID: 35631655 PMCID: PMC9144359 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the activity of a pharmaceutical agent using light offers improved selectivity, reduction of adverse effects, and decreased environmental build-up. These benefits are especially attractive for antibiotics. Herein, we report a series of photoreleasable quinolones, which can be activated using visible/NIR light (520–800 nm). We have used BODIPY photocages with strong absorption in the visible to protect two different quinolone-based compounds and deactivate their antimicrobial properties. This activity could be recovered upon green or red light irradiation. A comprehensive computational study provides new insight into the reaction mechanism, revealing the relevance of considering explicit solvent molecules. The triplet excited state is populated and the photodissociation is assisted by the solvent. The light-controlled activity of these compounds has been assessed on a quinolone-susceptible E. coli strain. Up to a 32-fold change in the antimicrobial activity was measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Contreras-García
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (C.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Cristina García-Iriepa
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Grupo de Reactividad y Estructura Molecular (RESMOL), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-I.); (M.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Marco Marazzi
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Grupo de Reactividad y Estructura Molecular (RESMOL), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-I.); (M.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Arthur H. Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA;
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (C.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Diego Sampedro
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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43
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Liu Z, Zhang T, Wu K, Li Z, Chen X, Jiang S, Du L, Lu S, Lin C, Wu J, Wang X. Metagenomic Analysis Reveals A Possible Association Between Respiratory Infection and Periodontitis. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 20:260-273. [PMID: 34252627 PMCID: PMC9684085 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that is characterized by progressive destruction of the periodontium and causes tooth loss in adults. Periodontitis is known to be associated with dysbiosis of the oral microflora, which is often linked to various diseases. However, the complexity of plaque microbial communities of periodontitis, antibiotic resistance, and enhanced virulence make this disease difficult to treat. In this study, using metagenomic shotgun sequencing, we investigated the etiology, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and virulence genes (VirGs) of periodontitis. We revealed a significant shift in the composition of oral microbiota as well as several functional pathways that were represented significantly more abundantly in periodontitis patients than in controls. In addition, we observed several positively selected ARGs and VirGs with the Ka/Ks ratio > 1 by analyzing our data and a previous periodontitis dataset, indicating that ARGs and VirGs in oral microbiota may be subjected to positive selection. Moreover, 5 of 12 positively selected ARGs and VirGs in periodontitis patients were found in the genomes of respiratory tract pathogens. Of note, 91.8% of the background VirGs with at least one non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism for natural selection were also from respiratory tract pathogens. These observations suggest a potential association between periodontitis and respiratory infection at the gene level. Our study enriches the knowledge of pathogens and functional pathways as well as the positive selection of antibiotic resistance and pathogen virulence in periodontitis patients, and provides evidence at the gene level for an association between periodontitis and respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Liu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Keke Wu
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhongshan Li
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lifeng Du
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Saisai Lu
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 352000, China
| | - Chongxiang Lin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jinyu Wu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 352000, China,Corresponding authors.
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Sahib Abdul-Mohammed H, Kamal Mohammed A, Mohsen Ahmed Z. Imipenem Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria in the Central Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2022; 77:123-128. [PMID: 35891739 PMCID: PMC9288647 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356678.1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious challenge for infectious disease prevention and treatment, according to the World Health Organization. It is a worldwide problem caused primarily by inappropriate and insufficient therapy, misuse of antimicrobials without physician supervision, unnecessary hospital readmissions, and other factors. AMR has several consequences, including increased medical costs and mortality. The present study aimed to evaluate imipenem resistance in gram-negative bacteria in Central Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, and determine this bacteria resistance in different samples. Initially, a total of 100 different samples were collected from child patients from October 1, 2020, to August 31, 2021. Each isolate was identified using VITEK 2 automated microbiology system. The recorded data showed that the isolated organisms resistant to imipenem included Klebsiella pneumonia (n=21), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=19), and Acinetobacter baumannii (n=16). In the current study, Klebsiella pneumonia was the most common pathogen in males (n=57) compared to female (n=43), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, particularly in the age range of 1 day- 3 years. Depending on the sample type, Klebsiella pneumonia, the most imipenem-resistant bacteria, was found more in the urine of patients with urinary tract infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was equally found in blood, urine, wound swab, and sputum samples. In comparison to other samples, Acinetobacter baumannii was found in greater numbers in the blood and in an equal number in urine and cerebrospinal.
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Therapeutic Values of Earthworm Species Extract from Azad Kashmir as Anticoagulant, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Agents. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:6949117. [PMID: 35228854 PMCID: PMC8882052 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6949117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims Current research aimed to explore the therapeutic values of different earthworms as antibacterial, anticoagulant, and antioxidant agents. Methods Ten different earthworms, i.e., Amynthas corticis, Amynthas gracilis, Pheretima posthuma, Eisenia fetida, Aporrectodea rosea, Allolobophora chlorotica, Aporrectodea trapezoides, Polypheretima elongata, Aporrectodea caliginosa, and Pheretima hawayana, were collected and screened for biological activities. Antibacterial effect analysis of earthworm species was done against fourteen bacterial pathogens, i.e., Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1), Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Enterobacter amnigenus, Serratia odorifera, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2), Staphylococcus warneri, and Lactobacillus curvatus, via agar well diffusion, crystal violet, MTT, agar disc diffusion, and direct bioautography assays. Antioxidant potential was evaluated through ABTS and DPPH assays. Lipolytic, proteolytic, and amylolytic assays were done for lipase, protease, and amylase enzymes confirmation. In vitro anticoagulant effects were examined in the blood samples by measuring prothrombin time. Results Results revealed that all earthworm extracts showed the inhibition of all tested bacterial pathogens except P. aeruginosa (1), P. aeruginosa (2), S. warneri, and L. curvatus. The maximum zone of inhibition of E. coli was recorded as 14.66 ± 0.57 mm by A. corticis, 25.0 ± 0.0 mm by P. posthuma, 20.0 ± 0.0 mm by E. fetida, and 20.0 ± 0.0 mm by A. trapezoid. Cell proliferation, biofilm inhibition, the synergistic effect of extracts along with antibiotics, and direct bioautography supported the results of agar well diffusion assay. Similarly, P. hawayana, A. corticis, A. caliginosa, and A. trapezoids increase the prothrombin time more efficiently compared to other earthworms. A. corticis, A. gracilis, A. rosea, A. chlorotica, P. elongata, and A. trapezoides showed maximum DPPH scavenging potential effect. Conclusions The coelomic fluid of earthworms possessed several bioactive compounds/enzymes/antioxidants that play an important role in the bacterial inhibition and act as anticoagulant agents. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic drugs from invertebrates could be effective and potential for the prevention of the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Malik B, Hasan Farooqui H, Bhattacharyya S. Disparity in socio-economic status explains the pattern of self-medication of antibiotics in India: understanding from game-theoretic perspective. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211872. [PMID: 35154800 PMCID: PMC8826305 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance has raised great concern for public health in many lower-income countries including India. Socio-economic determinants like poverty, health expenditure and awareness accelerate this emergence by influencing individuals' attitudes and healthcare practices such as self-medication. This self-medication practice is highly prevalent in many countries, where antibiotics are available without prescriptions. Thus, complex dynamics of drug- resistance driven by economy, human behaviour, and disease epidemiology poses a serious threat to the community, which has been less emphasized in prior studies. Here, we formulate a game-theoretic model of human choices in self-medication integrating economic growth and disease transmission processes. We show that this adaptive behaviour emerges spontaneously in the population through a self-reinforcing process and continual feedback from the economy, resulting in the emergence of resistance as externalities of human choice under resource constraints situations. We identify that the disparity between social-optimum and individual interest in self-medication is primarily driven by the effectiveness of treatment, health awareness and public health interventions. Frequent multiple-peaks of resistant strains are also observed when individuals imitate others more readily and self-medication is more likely. Our model exemplifies that timely public health intervention for financial risk protection, and antibiotic stewardship policies can improve the epidemiological situation and prevent economic collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Malik
- Disease Modelling Lab, Mathematics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Habib Hasan Farooqui
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Samit Bhattacharyya
- Disease Modelling Lab, Mathematics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
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Al-Taani GM, Al-Azzam S, Karasneh RA, Sadeq AS, Mazrouei NA, Bond SE, Conway BR, Aldeyab MA. Pharmacists’ Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors and Information Sources on Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Jordan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020175. [PMID: 35203777 PMCID: PMC8868190 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious healthcare problem that affects public health globally. Appropriate understanding and knowledge of prudent antimicrobial use and resistance, along with providing evidence-based information sources, are needed for informed antibiotic prescribing practices. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, opportunity, motivation, behavior of pharmacists and their information sources regarding antibiotic use and resistance in Jordan. An online cross-sectional questionnaire was developed and administered to pharmacists during the period of July–September 2021. The survey is an adapted version of the validated European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) survey for antibiotic use and resistance. Pharmacists from all sectors (n = 384), of whom 276 (71.9%) were community pharmacists, completed an online questionnaire. While respondents scored highly (>87%) on knowledge on effective use, unnecessary use, and associated side effects of antibiotics, lower scores were recorded for knowledge on the spread of antibiotic resistance (52.9%). Pharmacists support easy access to guidelines on managing infections in 56% of cases, and easy access to materials advising prudent antibiotic use and resistance in 39.8% of cases. One-third of respondents (37.0%) reported no knowledge of any initiatives on antibiotic awareness and resistance. Pharmacists were aware (13.3%), unaware (36.2%), or unsure (50.5%) of the existence of a national antibiotic resistance action plan. Pharmacists indicated an interest in receiving more information on resistance to antibiotics (55.2%), medical conditions for which antibiotics are used (53.1%), how to use antibiotics (45.1%), prescribing of antibiotics (34.4%), and links between the health of humans, animals, and the environment (28.6%). Findings can inform antimicrobial stewardship with required interventions to improve antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith M. Al-Taani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Sayer Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Reema A. Karasneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Adel Shaban Sadeq
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Stuart E. Bond
- Pharmacy Department, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield WF1 4DG, UK;
| | - Barbara R. Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
- Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Mamoon A. Aldeyab
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0044-01484-472825
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Abstract
We studied the antimicrobial characteristics of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal technique. The versatile characterization techniques were employed to study the CeO2 nanoparticle structural and optical properties. These techniques included field emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The X-ray diffraction and Raman studies validated the cubic structure of the synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles with average diameters ~3–5 nm. The antibacterial activities and minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs) of CeO2 nanoparticles were tested against ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter sp.). Our data revealed that CeO2 nanoparticles at a concentration of 50 µg/mL generated a maximum inhibition zone against all tested pathogens. However, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae exhibited the higher sensitivity, while E. cloacae, E. faecium, and A. baumannii were the least sensitive to CeO2 nanoparticles. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CeO2 nanoparticles possess an effective antibacterial activity against ESKAPE pathogens and may be used as a potential bionanomaterial for in vivo therapeutic applications.
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Zainal Baharin NH, Khairil Mokhtar NF, Mohd Desa MN, Gopalsamy B, Mohd Zaki NN, Yuswan MH, Muthanna A, Dzaraly ND, Abbasiliasi S, Mohd Hashim A, Abdullah Sani MS, Mustafa S. The characteristics and roles of antimicrobial peptides as potential treatment for antibiotic-resistant pathogens: a review. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12193. [PMID: 35003909 PMCID: PMC8679955 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a significant and ever-increasing threat to global public health, increasing both morbidity and mortality rates, and the financial burden on health services. Infection by drug-resistant bacteria is anticipated to contribute to the demise of almost 10 million people by the year 2050 unless a competent and effective response is devised to engage with this issue. The emergence and spread of resistance are commonly caused by the excessive or inappropriate use of antibiotics and substandard pharmaceuticals. It arises when pathogens adapt to different conditions and develop self-defence mechanisms. Currently, novel antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been reported to be the sole cure for some clinical cases of infectious diseases such as sepsis and skin infections, although these agents may, on occasion, require administration together with an adjunctive low-dose antibiotic. Although AMPs are a promising alternative form of anti-microbial therapy and easily applied in the medical sector, they still have limitations that should not be taken lightly. Hence, this review explores the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of AMPs for their potential in treating antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Hana Zainal Baharin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Fadhilah Khairil Mokhtar
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Banulata Gopalsamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Nadiha Mohd Zaki
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafis Yuswan
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - AbdulRahman Muthanna
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Diana Dzaraly
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sahar Abbasiliasi
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amalia Mohd Hashim
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Shirwan Abdullah Sani
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shuhaimi Mustafa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Teh HL, Abdullah S, Ghazali AK, Khan RA, Ramadas A, Leong CL. Impact of Extended and Restricted Antibiotic Deescalation on Mortality. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 11:antibiotics11010022. [PMID: 35052899 PMCID: PMC8772729 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More data are needed about the safety of antibiotic de-escalation in specific clinical situations as a strategy to reduce exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics. This study aims to compare the survival curve of patient de-escalated (early or late) against those not de-escalated on antibiotics, to determine the association of patient related, clinical related, and pressure sore/device related characteristics on all-cause 30-day mortality and determine the impact of early and late antibiotic de-escalation on 30-day all-cause mortality. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study on patients in medical ward Hospital Kuala Lumpur, admitted between January 2016 and June 2019. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Fleming-Harrington test were used to compare the overall survival rates between early, late, and those not de-escalated on antibiotics while multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine prognostic factors associated with mortality and the impact of de-escalation on 30-day all-cause mortality. RESULTS Overall mortality rates were not significantly different when patients were not de-escalated on extended or restricted antibiotics, compared to those de-escalated early or later (p = 0.760). Variables associated with 30-day all-cause mortality were a Sequential Organ Function Assessment (SOFA) score on the day of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) intervention and Charlson's comorbidity score (CCS). After controlling for confounders, early and late antibiotics were not associated with an increased risk of mortality. CONCLUSION The results of this study reinforce that restricted or extended antibiotic de-escalation in patients does not significantly affect 30-day all-cause mortality compared to continuation with extended and restricted antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwei Lin Teh
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia; (R.A.K.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-192778091
| | - Sarimah Abdullah
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia; (S.A.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Anis Kausar Ghazali
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia; (S.A.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Rahela Ambaras Khan
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia; (R.A.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Anitha Ramadas
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia; (R.A.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Chee Loon Leong
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia;
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