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Tavilla G, Islam MA, Malhotra A, Reddy RC, Beckles DL. Predominant Use of Bilateral Internal Mammary Arteries in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Am J Cardiol 2024; 225:134-141. [PMID: 38885919 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been shown to provide long-term clinical benefits over single internal mammary artery (SIMA) grafting. Nevertheless, the perceived technical complexity of the procedure and concerns about potential early postoperative complications, particularly, sternal wound infections, have led to a utilization rate of BIMA grafting of less than 5% in the United States. We systematically compared early (30-day) postoperative outcomes between the BIMA and SIMA cohorts in patients with similar baseline characteristics. A retrospective single-center study was conducted on matched patients, using stabilized inverse probability treatment weighting to mitigate bias between the 2 study cohorts. From 546 patients who underwent off-pump CABG initially identified, we examined 328 BIMA and 213 SIMA grafts from the matched samples. Despite using 60.4% BIMA grafts, we observed similar rates of 30-day overall and cardiac mortality between the BIMA and SIMA groups. The rates of 30-day postoperative complications, including superficial and deep sternal wound infections, stroke, sepsis, acute kidney injury, and cardiac arrest, were similar between the 2 groups. The rates of 30-day overall and cardiac readmission were also similar. In addition, the median length of hospital stays, intensive care unit stay, and ventilation times were similar between the 2 groups. In conclusion, our data suggest that a BIMA utilization rate of 60.4% in off-pump CABG procedures is achievable without causing any significant increment in early postoperative complications, including deep sternal wound infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Tavilla
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center Temple, Texas
| | - Md Anamul Islam
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center Temple, Texas.
| | - Amber Malhotra
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center Temple, Texas
| | - Ramachandra C Reddy
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center Temple, Texas
| | - Daniel L Beckles
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center Temple, Texas
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Sajja LR. Six decades of cardiothoracic surgery: navigating new horizons, mending hearts with science and precision. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 40:280-291. [PMID: 38681701 PMCID: PMC11045708 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-024-01719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lokeswara Rao Sajja
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Star Hospitals, Road No. 10, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana India 500034
- Division of Clinical Research in Cardiovascular Medicine/Surgery, Sajja Heart Foundation, Hyderabad, India 500073
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3
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Sandner S, Gaudino M, Redfors B, Angiolillo DJ, Ben-Yehuda O, Bhatt DL, Fremes SE, Lamy A, Marano R, Mehran R, Pocock S, Rao SV, Spertus JA, Weinsaft JW, Wells G, Ruel M. One-month DAPT with ticagrelor and aspirin for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: rationale and design of the randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled ODIN trial. EUROINTERVENTION 2024; 20:e322-e328. [PMID: 38436365 PMCID: PMC10905196 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-23-00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The optimal antiplatelet strategy after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) is unclear. Adding the P2Y12 inhibitor, ticagrelor, to low-dose aspirin for 1 year is associated with a reduction in graft failure, particularly saphenous vein grafts, at the expense of an increased risk of clinically important bleeding. As the risk of thrombotic graft failure and ischaemic events is highest early after CABG surgery, a better risk-to-benefit profile may be attained with short-term dual antiplatelet therapy followed by single antiplatelet therapy. The One Month Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Ticagrelor in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients (ODIN) trial is a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international, multicentre study of 700 subjects that will evaluate the effect of short-term dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor plus low-dose aspirin after CABG in patients with CCS. Patients will be randomised 1:1 to ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily or matching placebo, in addition to aspirin 75-150 mg once daily for 1 month; after the first month, antiplatelet therapy will be continued with aspirin alone. The primary endpoint is a hierarchical composite of all-cause death, stroke, myocardial infarction, revascularisation and graft failure at 1 year. The key secondary endpoint is a hierarchical composite of all-cause death, stroke, myocardial infarction, Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 3 bleeding, revascularisation and graft failure at 1 year (net clinical benefit). ODIN will report whether the addition of ticagrelor to low-dose aspirin for 1 month after CABG reduces ischaemic events and provides a net clinical benefit in patients with CCS. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05997693).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Sandner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bjorn Redfors
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dominick J Angiolillo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen E Fremes
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andre Lamy
- Division of Cardiac Surgery and Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Riccardo Marano
- Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Section of Radiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Roxana Mehran
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stuart Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sunil V Rao
- New York University Langone Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - John A Spertus
- University of Missouri-Kansas City's Healthcare Institute for Innovations in Quality, Kansas City, MO, USA and Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan W Weinsaft
- Department of Medicine, Greenberg Cardiology Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Wells
- Heart Institute, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Ruel
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Nisivaco S, Kitahara H, Abutaleb A, Nathan S, Balkhy HH. Robotic Totally Endoscopic Coronary Bypass to the Left Anterior Descending Artery: Left Versus Right Internal Thoracic Artery Grafts. J Surg Res 2023; 291:139-150. [PMID: 37390593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The left internal thoracic artery (LITA) is most commonly used to bypass the left anterior descending artery (LAD) given its well-established mortality benefit. In some cases, the grafting strategy necessitates placing the right internal thoracic artery (RITA) on the LAD. We compared outcomes in our robotic beating-heart totally endoscopic coronary bypass surgery (TECAB) population between patients receiving LITA versus RITA-LAD grafts. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing robotic TECAB with skeletonized ITA conduits over 9 y. Outcomes were compared between those receiving LITA (Group-1) versus RITA (Group-2) grafts to the LAD (with/without other grafts). End points were early angiographic patency (in patients undergoing hybrid revascularization) and mid-term mortality/major adverse cardiac/cerebrovascular events. A propensity matched subanalysis was performed comparing only patients who received bilateral ITA grafting in each group. RESULTS Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted mortality risk score was higher in Group-2. Group-1 patients had lower incidence of multivessel disease (75% versus 96%, P ≤ 0.001). Early overall graft patency (97% versus 96%, P = 0.718) and LAD graft patency (98% versus 95%, P = 0.372) were equivalent. At mean 42-mo follow-up (longest 8.5 y), Group-1 had lower all-cause mortality but no difference in cardiac mortality or repeat revascularization. In the propensity matched subanalysis, mid-term outcomes were equivalent. CONCLUSIONS Grafting the LAD with the LITA or RITA during robotic beating-heart TECAB resulted in similar early outcomes and angiographic patency. RITA-LAD patients were more likely to have multivessel disease and higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk and had higher all-cause mortality at mid-term analysis but no difference in major adverse cardiac/cerebrovascular events, including cardiac mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nisivaco
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hiroto Kitahara
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Sandeep Nathan
- Department of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Husam H Balkhy
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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Stefil M, Gaudino M, Benedetto U, Gerry S, Gray A, Lees B, Podesser B, Krzych L, Sajja LR, Taggart D, Flather M. Influence of diabetes and obesity on ten-year outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting in the arterial revascularisation trial. Clin Res Cardiol 2023:10.1007/s00392-023-02284-3. [PMID: 37741811 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-023-02284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes and obesity are common conditions which can influence outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of diabetes and obesity, and their interactions, on ten-year outcomes following CABG. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients enrolled in the Arterial Revascularisation Trial (ART) were stratified by diabetes and obesity at baseline. Diabetes was further stratified into insulin and non-insulin dependent. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 10 years of follow-up. Secondary outcomes were the composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction or stroke at 10 years, and sternal wound complications at 6 months follow-up. A total of 3096 patients were included in the analysis (24% with diabetes, 30% with obesity). Patients in the "diabetes/no obesity" group had a higher risk of all-cause mortality following CABG (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.64, p = 0.01) compared to the reference group of "no diabetes/no obesity". No excess risk was observed in the "no diabetes/obesity" or "diabetes/obesity" groups. Patients with insulin dependent diabetes had a significantly higher ten-year mortality risk compared to no diabetes (aHR 1.85, 95% CI 1.41-2.44, p = 0.00). Patients in the "diabetes/no obesity" and "diabetes/obesity groups" had a higher risk of sternal wound complications (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.39-3.79, p < 0.001 and HR 3.21, 95% CI 1.89-5.45, p < 0.001 respectively). The composite outcome results were consistent with the mortality results. CONCLUSION Diabetes, especially insulin dependent diabetes, is associated with a higher ten-year mortality risk after CABG, in contrast to obesity which does not appear to increase long term mortality compared to non-obese. The interaction between diabetes and obesity shows an apparent "protective" effect of obesity irrespective of diabetes on mortality. Both conditions are associated with a higher risk of post-operative sternal wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefil
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.
| | - Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Umberto Benedetto
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephen Gerry
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alastair Gray
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Belinda Lees
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Bruno Podesser
- Landesklinikum, St. Polten and Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukasz Krzych
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Lokeswara Rao Sajja
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Star Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - David Taggart
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Marcus Flather
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
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Aboul-Hassan SS, Marczak J, Stankowski T, Moskal L, Stanislawski R, Perek B, Cichon R. Impact of Second Arterial Conduit on Outcomes Following Coronary Bypass Grafting. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 71:434-440. [PMID: 35643075 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1745805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare short-term outcomes and long-term survival in patients following coronary artery bypass grafting in whom second arterial conduit or saphenous vein was used as well as to find out the most optimal second arterial graft. METHODS Between January 2006 and June 2018, 7,857 patients met the inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups: single internal thoracic artery (SITA) + Vein group (n = 7,140) and second arterial conduit group (n = 717), of these 537 patients received right internal thoracic artery (RITA) and 180 patients received radial artery (RA). We obtained 701 propensity-matched pairs for final comparison. Short-term outcomes included: 30-day mortality and major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE), reoperation for bleeding, and deep sternal wound infection (DSWI). The long-term outcome was all-cause mortality. RESULTS No significant differences were observed between second arterial conduit versus SITA + Vein groups and between RITA versus RA groups in terms of 30-day mortality, 30-day MACCE, reoperation for bleeding, and incidence of DSWI in the matched cohort. The use of second arterial conduit was associated with a significant reduction in long-term mortality by 24% in the matched cohort (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60-0.96; p = 0.02). RA and RITA as second arterial conduit had comparable long-term mortality (HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.69-1.82; p = 0.62). CONCLUSION The use of second arterial conduit, irrespective of type, is safe and associated with improved long-term survival compared with the second venous aortocoronary graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sleiman Sebastian Aboul-Hassan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, MEDINET Heart Center Ltd, Nowa Sol, Poland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Cardiology, Medical University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
- Department of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Medical University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Jakub Marczak
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Trent Cardiac Centre, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz Stankowski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sana-Heart Center Cottbus, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Lukasz Moskal
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, MEDINET Heart Center Ltd, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Bartlomiej Perek
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Romuald Cichon
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, MEDINET Heart Center Ltd, Nowa Sol, Poland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Cardiology, Medical University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
- Department of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Medical University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, MEDINET Heart Center Ltd, Wroclaw, Poland
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Stevens LM, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Mansour S, Béland V, Soulez G, Forcillo J, Basile F, Prieto I, Noiseux N. Anterolateral territory coronary artery bypass grafting strategies: a non-inferiority randomized clinical trial: the AMI-PONT trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 63:ezad060. [PMID: 36805638 PMCID: PMC10133400 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objective was to assess whether a composite coronary artery bypass grafting strategy including a saphenous vein graft bridge to distribute left internal mammary artery outflow provides non-inferior patency rates compared to conventional grafting surgery with separated left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending coronary graft and aorto-coronary saphenous vein grafts to other anterolateral targets. METHODS All patients underwent isolated grafting surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and received ≥2 grafts/patients on the anterolateral territory. The graft patency (i.e. non-occluded) was assessed using multislice spiral computed tomography at 1 year. RESULTS From 2012 to 2021, 208 patients were randomized to a bridge (n = 105) or conventional grafting strategy (n = 103). Patient characteristics were comparable between groups. The anterolateral graft patency was non-inferior in the composite bridge compared to conventional grafting strategy at 1 year [risk difference 0.7% (90% confidence interval -4.8 to 6.2%)]. The graft patency to the left anterior descending coronary was no different between groups (P = 0.175). Intraoperatively, the bridge group required shorter vein length for anterolateral targets (P < 0.001) and exhibited greater Doppler flow in the mammary artery pedicle (P = 0.004). The composite outcome of death, myocardial infarction or target vessel reintervention at 30 days was no different (P = 0.164). CONCLUSIONS Anterolateral graft patency of the composite bridge grafting strategy is non-inferior to the conventional grafting strategy at 1 year. This novel grafting strategy is safe, efficient, associated with several advantages including better mammary artery flow and shorter vein requirement, and could be a valuable alternative to conventional grafting strategies. Ten-year clinical follow-up is underway. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01585285.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Mathieu Stevens
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CHUM Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carl Chartrand-Lefebvre
- CHUM Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samer Mansour
- CHUM Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Gilles Soulez
- CHUM Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica Forcillo
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CHUM Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fadi Basile
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ignacio Prieto
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Noiseux
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CHUM Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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Taggart DP, Audisio K, Gerry S, Robinson NB, Rahouma M, Soletti GJ, Cancelli G, Benedetto U, Lees B, Gray A, Stefil M, Flather M, Gaudino M, Investigators ART. Single versus multiple arterial grafting in diabetic patients at 10 years: the Arterial Revascularization Trial. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:4644-4652. [PMID: 35699416 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the impact of multiple arterial grafting (MAG) vs. single arterial grafting (SAG) in a post hoc analysis of 10-year outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) from the Arterial Revascularization Trial (ART). METHODS AND RESULTS The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality and the secondary endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 10-year follow-up. Patients were stratified by diabetes status (non-DM and DM) and grafting strategy (MAG vs. SAG). A total of 3020 patients were included in the analysis; 716 (23.7%) had DM. Overall, 55.8% non-DM patients received MAG and 44.2% received SAG, while 56.6% DM patients received MAG and 43.4% received SAG. The use of MAG compared with SAG was associated with lower 10-year mortality for both non-DM [17.7 vs. 21.0%, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72-1.06] and DM patients (21.5 vs. 29.9%, adjusted HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.48-0.89; P for interaction = 0.12). For both groups, the rate of 10-year MACE was also lower for MAG vs. SAG. Overall, deep sternal wound infections (DSWIs) were uncommon but more frequent in the MAG vs. SAG group in both non-DM (3.3 vs. 2.1%) and DM patients (7.9 vs. 4.8%). The highest rates of DSWI were in insulin-treated patients receiving MAG (9.6 vs. 6.3%, when compared with SAG). CONCLUSION In this post hoc analysis of the ART, MAG was associated with substantially lower mortality rates at 10 years after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with DM. Patients with DM receiving MAG had a higher incidence of DSWI, especially if insulin dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Taggart
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Katia Audisio
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Gerry
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N Bryce Robinson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mohamed Rahouma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Jr Soletti
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Gianmarco Cancelli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Umberto Benedetto
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Belinda Lees
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Alastair Gray
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Stefil
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Marcus Flather
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
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9
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Vesnina ZV, Grakova EV. Diagnostic radiology methods for assessing coronary artery bypass graft viability. BULLETIN OF SIBERIAN MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2022-3-140-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The review describes available modern radiological methods which are currently applied for a detailed and comprehensive anatomical and functional assessment of the viability of various coronary artery bypass grafts. In addition, it presents some aspects of the implementation of these methods and clinical interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zh. V. Vesnina
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC), Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - E. V. Grakova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC), Russian Academy of Sciences
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10
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Talukder S, Dimagli A, Benedetto U, Gray A, Gerry S, Lees B, Krzych Ł, Gaudino M, Taggart DP, Flather M. Prognostic factors of 10-year mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a secondary analysis of the arterial revascularization trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 61:1414-1420. [PMID: 35138360 PMCID: PMC9154348 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this investigation was to determine the preoperative prognostic factors of long-term (10-year) mortality in patients treated with isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery in the arterial revascularization trial (ART). METHODS A post hoc analysis of the ART was conducted. Cumulative 10-year mortality was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Prospectively collected preoperative data were used to determine the prognostic factors of 10-year all-cause mortality in patients who participated in the ART (Cox proportional hazards model). RESULTS A total of 3102 patients who participated in the ART were included in the analysis. Ten-year follow-up was completed in 3040 patients (98%). A total of 644 patients (20.8%) had died by 10 years. Preoperative factors that were identified as statistically significant predictors of 10-year mortality in the multivariable analysis (all P ≤ 0.01) were: left ventricular ejection fraction, atrial fibrillation, age, diabetes, prior cerebrovascular event (stroke or transient ischaemic attack), serum creatinine and smoking status. The following variables were significantly associated in univariable models but did not retain significance in the multivariable model for mortality: non-Caucasian ethnicity, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and prior myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS Independent predictors of 10-year mortality in the ART were multifactorial. Several key independent predictors of 10-year mortality in the ART were identified including: heart function, renal function, cerebrovascular disease, age, atrial fibrillation, smoking status and diabetes. Understanding which preoperative variables influence long-term outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting may help to target treatments to those at higher risk to reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnaldo Dimagli
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol, UK
| | - Umberto Benedetto
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol, UK
| | - Alastair Gray
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen Gerry
- Centre of Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Belinda Lees
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Łukasz Krzych
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - David P Taggart
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Marcus Flather
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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11
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Navia D, Espinoza J, Vrancic M, Piccinini F, Camporrotondo M. Cirugía coronaria con doble arterias mamarias sin circulación extracorpórea en la enfermedad de tronco: ¿beneficio en sobrevida alejada? REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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12
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Cancelli G, Audisio K, Perezgrovas-Olaria R, Soletti GJ, Chadow D, Rahouma M, Robinson NB, Gaudino M. Representation of racial minorities in cardiac surgery randomized clinical trials. J Card Surg 2022; 37:1311-1316. [PMID: 35238064 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial minorities account for 39.9% of the population in the United States, but are often underrepresented in clinical research. Results from studies predominantly enrolling White patients may not apply to racial minorities. The aim of this analysis is to assess the representation of racial minorities in cardiac surgery randomized clinical trials (RCTs). METHODS A systematic search of the literature was performed. All RCTs published from 2000 to 2020 including at least 100 patients and comparing two or more adult cardiac surgery procedures were included. Meta-analytic estimates were calculated. RESULTS Among 51 cardiac surgery RCTs published between 2000 and 2020, only 9 (17.6%) reported the race of patients and were included in the final analysis. All of them were multicentric, with a mean of 33 centers included. Six RCTs enrolled patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (66.7%), while the remaining three were on valve surgery (33.3%). Overall, 9193 patients were included; of them, 8034 (87.4%) were White and 1026 (11.2%) nonWhite (386 [4.2%] Black, 191 [2.1%] Hispanic, 274 [3.0%] from other races, and 175 [1.9%] nonWhite patients of unspecified race). The proportion of nonWhite patients did not change over time. CONCLUSIONS Only 9 (17.6%) of the 51 cardiac surgery RCTs published between 2000 and 2020 reported the race of the patients enrolled and only 11.2% of them were nonWhite patients. Given the association between race and clinical outcomes, future RCTs should either guarantee a balanced inclusion of racial minorities or be designed to specifically enroll them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Cancelli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katia Audisio
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Giovanni J Soletti
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Chadow
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mohamed Rahouma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - N B Robinson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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13
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Wu X, Ono M, Poon EKW, O'Leary N, Torii R, Janssen JP, Zhu SJ, Vijgeboom Y, El-Kurdi MS, Cox M, Reinöhl J, Dijkstra J, Barlis P, Wijns W, Reiber JHC, Bourantas CV, Virmani R, Onuma Y, Serruys PW. One-year performance of biorestorative polymeric coronary bypass grafts in an ovine model: correlation between early biomechanics and late serial Quantitative Flow Ratio. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 61:1402-1411. [PMID: 35022681 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezab554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the impact of mechanical factors at baseline on the patency of a restorative conduit for coronary bypass grafts in an ovine model at serial follow-up up to 1 year. METHODS The analyses of 4 mechanical factors [i.e. bending angle, superficial wall strain and minimum and maximum endothelial shear stress (ESS)] were performed in 3D graft models reconstructed on baseline (1-month) angiograms frame by frame by a core laboratory blinded for the late follow-up. The late patency was documented by Quantitative Flow Ratio (QFR®) that reflects the physiological status of the graft. The correlation between 4 mechanical factors and segmental QFR (△QFR) were analysed on 10 equal-length segments of each graft. RESULTS A total of 69 graft geometries of 7 animals were performed in the study. The highest △QFR at 12 months was colocalized in segments of the grafts with the largest bending angles at baseline. Higher △QFR at 3 months were both at the anastomotic ends and were colocalized with the highest superficial wall strain at baseline. High baseline ESS was topographically associated with higher △QFR at the latest follow-up. Correlations of minimum and maximum ESS with △QFR at 3 months were the strongest among these parameters (ρ = 0.30, 95% CI [-0.05 to 0.56] and ρ = 0.27, 95% CI [-0.05 to 0.54], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Despite the limited number of grafts, this study suggests an association between early abnormal mechanical factors and late flow metrics of the grafts. The understanding of the mechanical characteristics could help to improve this novel conduit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric K W Poon
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Neil O'Leary
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Ryo Torii
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Shuang Jie Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Jouke Dijkstra
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Peter Barlis
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - William Wijns
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Johan H C Reiber
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Christos V Bourantas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Yoshinobu Onuma
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Patrick W Serruys
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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14
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OUP accepted manuscript. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 62:6576628. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Parissis H, Parissis M. Up-to-Date, Skeletonized or Pedicle Bilateral Internal Mammary Artery; Does It Matter? Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 29:53-69. [PMID: 36047135 PMCID: PMC10126765 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.ra.22-00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this article, we reported on the up-to-date literature regarding skeletonized bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) flow and the effect on sternal perfusion. We also reviewed the pros and cons of the skeletonization technique versus the conventional pedicle technique for harvesting the BIMA. METHODS We performed an up-to-date review using the PubMed database, with a specific focus on the contemporary published literature. RESULTS BIMA skeletonization can preserve the sternal microcirculation, minimize tissue damage, and maintain blood supply to the chest wall at the tissue level. This effect is also apparent in diabetics. Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) rates are significantly less with skeletonization versus the conventional pedicle technique and are comparable to single internal mammary artery harvesting. CONCLUSIONS Contemporary large-scale studies demonstrate that skeletonization of the BIMA increases conduit length, provides superior flow, reduces the incidence of DSWIs, and improves late survival. Hopefully, this review will increase awareness of the compelling evidence in favor of using skeletonized internal mammary arteries and stimulate increased uptake of BIMA revascularization surgery.
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16
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Gaudino M, Audisio K, Rahouma M, Robinson NB, Soletti GJ, Cancelli G, Masterson Creber RM, Gray A, Lees B, Gerry S, Benedetto U, Flather M, Taggart DP. Association between sternal wound complications and 10-year mortality following coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021:S0022-5223(21)01812-2. [PMID: 35063171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between sternal wound complications (SWC) and long-term mortality in the Arterial Revascularization Trial. METHODS Participants in the Arterial Revascularization Trial were stratified according to the occurrence of postoperative SWC. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at long-term follow-up. The secondary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events. RESULTS Three thousand one hundred two patients were included in the analysis; the median follow-up was 10 years. 115 patients (3.7%) had postoperative SWC: 85 (73.9%) deep sternal wound infections and 30 (26.1%) sterile SWC that required sternal reconstruction. Independent predictors of SWC included diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 2.77; 95% CI, 1.79-4.30; P < .001), female sex (OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.71-4.38; P < .001), prior stroke (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.12-5.98; P = .03), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.60-3.71; P < .001), and use of bilateral internal thoracic artery (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.12-2.59; P = .01). Postoperative SWC was significantly associated with long-term mortality. The Kaplan-Meier survival estimate was 91.3% at 5 years and 79.4% at 10 years in patients without SWC, and 86.1% and 64.3% in patients with SWC (log rank P < .001). The rate of major adverse cardiovascular events was also higher among patients who had SWC (n = 51 [44.3%] vs 758 [25.4%]; P < .001). Using multivariable analysis, the occurrence of SWC was independently associated with long-term mortality (hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.30-2.54; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS In the Arterial Revascularization Trial, postoperative SWC although uncommon were significantly associated with long-term mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY.
| | - Katia Audisio
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY
| | - Mohamed Rahouma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY
| | - N Bryce Robinson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY
| | - Giovanni J Soletti
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY
| | - Gianmarco Cancelli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY
| | - Ruth M Masterson Creber
- Division of Health Informatics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY
| | - Alastair Gray
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Health Economics Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Belinda Lees
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Gerry
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Umberto Benedetto
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Flather
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David P Taggart
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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17
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Kasahara H, Shin H, Takahashi T, Murata S, Mori M. Comparison of patency of single and sequential radial artery grafting in coronary artery bypass. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2021; 34:515-522. [PMID: 34686883 PMCID: PMC8972210 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivab279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Kasahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hankei Shin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Murata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Mori
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
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18
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Gaudino M, Audisio K, Rahouma M, Chadow D, Cancelli G, Soletti GJ, Gray A, Lees B, Gerry S, Benedetto U, Flather M, Taggart DP. Comparison of Long-term Clinical Outcomes of Skeletonized vs Pedicled Internal Thoracic Artery Harvesting Techniques in the Arterial Revascularization Trial. JAMA Cardiol 2021; 6:1380-1386. [PMID: 34586338 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.3866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Recent evidence has suggested that skeletonization of the internal thoracic artery (ITA) is associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Objective To compare the long-term clinical outcomes of skeletonized and pedicled ITA for CABG. Design, Setting, and Participants The Arterial Revascularization Trial (ART) was a 2-group, multicenter trial comparing the use of a bilateral ITA vs a single ITA for CABG at 10 years. Patients in the ART trial were stratified by ITA harvesting technique: skeletonized vs pedicled. Data were collected from June 2004 to December 2017, and data were analyzed from June to July 2021. Interventions In this analysis, the 10-year clinical outcomes were compared between patients who received skeletonized vs pedicled ITAs. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. The secondary outcomes were a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and repeated revascularization and a composite including MACE and sternal wound complication (SWC). Cox regression and propensity score matching were used. Results Of 2161 included patients, 295 (13.7%) were female, and the median (interquartile range) age was 65.0 (58.0-70.0) years. At 10 years, the risk of all-cause mortality was not significantly different between the pedicled and skeletonized groups (hazard ratio [HR], 1.12; 95% CI, 0.92-1.36; P = .27). However, the long-term risks of the secondary outcomes were significantly higher in the skeletonized group compared with the pedicled group (MACE: HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.06-1.47; P = .01; MACE and SWC: HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.05-1.43; P = .01). The difference was not seen when considering only patients operated on by surgeons who enrolled 51 patients or more in the trial (MACE: HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.82-1.39; P = .62; MACE and SWC: HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.80-1.34; P = .78). Conclusions and Relevance While the long-term survival of patients was not different between groups, the rate of adverse cardiovascular events was consistently higher in the skeletonized group and the difference was associated with surgeon-related factors. Further evidence on the outcome of skeletonized ITA is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Katia Audisio
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mohamed Rahouma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David Chadow
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Gianmarco Cancelli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Giovanni J Soletti
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Alastair Gray
- Department of Public Health, Health Economics Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Belinda Lees
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Gerry
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Umberto Benedetto
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Flather
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David P Taggart
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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19
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Al Smady MN, Zaki MN, Alataywi E, Jegaden O. Impact of Bilateral versus Single Internal Thoracic Artery Grafting on the Long-Term Survival in Adults: A Systematic Review. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2021; 17:509-518. [PMID: 34471357 PMCID: PMC8403559 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s320848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyse the survival of patients who had undergone bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting versus those with single internal thoracic artery grafting from the available literature. Moreover, this study will review the available literature regarding which of the two techniques seems to be the safest with long-term survival and reduced mortality rates. Methods A literature search of the databases was conducted to retrieve studies that fall under the study design of cohort and randomized controlled clinical trials in English from January 2015 to July 2021. Finally, seven studies were selected: four cohort studies and three other from a randomized trial. Results The cohort studies revealed that bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting is associated with lower mortality rates and better long-term survival outcomes than single internal thoracic artery grafting, while the ART randomized controlled clinical trials showed that there is no significant difference in mortality rates between both the coronary artery bypass grafting techniques. However, all studies concluded that bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting is associated with a higher frequency of deep sternal wound infections. Conclusion The discrepancy in results between the cohort studies and randomized controlled clinical trial remains persistent. However, the stated advantages of bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting are not strong enough to convince surgeons to alter their practice and the wide magnitude of expectations from the ART study was reckoned as inadequate. This may well be due to the presence of limited criteria for bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting in identifying the impact on survival of extended arterial revascularization, and there is a new colossal expectation from the ongoing randomized trial based on multiple arterial grafting versus single arterial grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montaser Nabeeh Al Smady
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Nagdi Zaki
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eman Alataywi
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Olivier Jegaden
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Mediclinic Airport Road Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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20
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Lapeze J, Boucher F, Farhat F. Chest wall infarction following bilateral internal thoracic harvesting for coronary revascularization in a patient with previous aortic abdominal aneurysm surgery: A rare complication. J Card Surg 2021; 36:4416-4418. [PMID: 34448511 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A 75 years old man with previous aortic abdominal aneurysm surgery through a transverse laparotomy underwent bilateral internal thoracic artery to coronary artery bypass grafting. He immediately thereafter developed a severe chest and upper abdominal walls ischemia with metabolic acidosis, and finally deep sternum wound infection and upper abdominal wall necrosis. He benefitted from sternal reconstruction and vaccum assisted treatment, with delayed pectus major flap reconstruction. Chest and abdominal wall infarction following bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) harvesting is a very rare but life-threatening complication. Caution use of BIMA should be in order in patients with inferior epigastric artery flow impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Lapeze
- Cardiac Surgery B Department, Carmen, Louis Pradel Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Fabien Boucher
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery, Croix Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Fadi Farhat
- Cardiac Surgery B Department, Carmen, Louis Pradel Hospital, Bron, France
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21
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Gaudino M, Di Mauro M, Fremes SE, Di Franco A. Representation of Women in Randomized Trials in Cardiac Surgery: A Meta-Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020513. [PMID: 34350777 PMCID: PMC8475035 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Women have traditionally been underrepresented in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We performed a systematic evaluation of the inclusion of women in cardiac surgery RCTs published in the past 2 decades. Methods and Results MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched (2000 to July 2020) for RCTs written in English, comparing ≥2 adult cardiac surgical procedures. The percentage of women enrolled and its association with year of publication, sample size, mean age, funding source, geographic location, number of sites involved, and interventions tested were analyzed using a meta‐analytic approach. Fifty‐one trials were included. Of 25 425 total patients, 5029 were women (20.8%; 95% CI, 17.6–24.4; range, 0.5%–57.9%). The proportion of women dropped significantly during the study period (29.6% in 2000 versus 13.1% in 2019, P<0.001). Women were significantly more represented in European trials (26.2%; 95% CI, 21.2–31.9), and less represented in trials of coronary bypass surgery versus other interventions (16.8%; 95% CI, 12.3–22.7 versus 33.6%; 95% CI, 27.4–40.5; P=0.0002) and in trials enrolling younger patients (P=0.009); the percentage of women was higher in industry‐sponsored versus non‐industry sponsored trials (31.7%; 95% CI, 27.2–36.6 versus 15.5%; 95% CI, 10.0–23.2; P=0.0004) and was not associated with trial sample size (P=0.52) or study design (multicenter versus monocenter: P=0.22). After exclusion of trials conducted at Veteran Affairs centers, women representation was 24.4% (95% CI, 21.1–28.0; range, 10.4%–57.9%), with no significant changes during the study period. Conclusions The proportion of women in cardiac surgery trials is low and likely inadequate to provide meaningful estimates of the treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Weill Cornell Medicine New York City NY
| | - Michele Di Mauro
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Unit, Heart and Vascular Centre Maastricht University Medical CentreCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Stephen E Fremes
- Schulich Heart Centre Division of Cardiac Surgery Department of Surgery Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Antonino Di Franco
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Weill Cornell Medicine New York City NY
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22
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Rosenblum JM, Binongo J, Wei J, Liu Y, Leshnower BG, Chen EP, Miller JS, Macheers SK, Lattouf OM, Guyton RA, Thourani VH, Halkos ME, Keeling WB. Priorities in coronary artery bypass grafting: Is midterm survival more dependent on completeness of revascularization or multiple arterial grafts? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 161:2070-2078.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Multiple arterial conduits for multi-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with mild to moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a multicenter retrospective study. J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 16:123. [PMID: 33941221 PMCID: PMC8090915 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-021-01463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advantages of multiple arterial conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have been reported previously. We aimed to evaluate the mid-term outcomes of multiple arterial CABG (MABG) among patients with mild to moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). Methods This multicenter study using propensity score matching took place from January 2013 to June 2019 in Jiangsu Province and Shanghai, China, with a mean and maximum follow-up of 3.3 and 6.8 years, respectively. We included patients with mild to moderate LVSD, undergoing primary, isolated multi-vessel CABG with left internal thoracic artery. The in-hospital and mid-term outcomes of MABG versus conventional left internal thoracic artery supplemented by saphenous vein grafts (single arterial CABG) were compared. The primary end points were death from all causes and death from cardiovascular causes. The secondary end points were stroke, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and a composite of all mentioned outcomes, including death from all causes (major adverse events). Sternal wound infection was included with 6 months of follow-up after surgery. Results 243 and 676 patients were formed in MABG and single arterial CABG cohorts after matching in a 1:3 ratio. In-hospital death was not significantly different (MABG 1.6% versus single arterial CABG 2.2%, p = 0.78). After a mean (±SD) follow-up time of 3.3 ± 1.8 years, MABG was associated with lower rates of major adverse events (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.44–0.94; p = 0.019), myocardial infarction (HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.16–0.99; p = 0.045) and repeat revascularization (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.18–0.97; p = 0.034). There was no difference in the rates of death, stroke, and sternal wound infection. Conclusions MABG was associated with reduced mid-term rates of major adverse events and cardiovascular events and may be the procedure of choice for patients with mild to moderate LVSD requiring CABG. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13019-021-01463-5.
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Luthra S, Salhiyyah K, Dritsakis G, Thorne KI, Dixon E, Ohri S, Holt RIG. Diabetes management during cardiac surgery in the UK: A survey. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14388. [PMID: 32799329 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine current practice regarding the diabetes management of people undergoing cardiac surgery in the UK. METHODS We conducted an online survey of UK cardiothoracic surgeons. All cardiothoracic surgeons listed in the Society of Cardiothoracic Surgery membership directory were invited to participate. The survey, compiled using SurveyMonkey software, comprised 15 closed and open-ended questions about the management of people with diabetes pre- and peri-operatively. RESULTS Sixty-two cardiothoracic surgeons from all 33 UK cardiac centres completed the survey. Of these, 44% responded that they routinely measure HbA1c preoperatively for all patients, 19% had an HbA1c threshold above which they would not operate and 21% currently undertake a point-of-care HbA1c measurement during the cardiothoracic outpatient visit. A total of 74% of respondents reported that it was 'easy' or 'very easy' to obtain a diabetes team review; diabetes nurse specialists were the members of the diabetes team working most closely with cardiac surgeons. Up to a third of the surgeons did not provide physical activity recommendations prior to admission and over 80% did not have a different preoperative or surgical diabetes protocol. Inconsistency in the responses within centres suggests that differences in practice may depend on individual surgeons rather than local policy. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates there is only limited peri-operative management of diabetes in people undergoing cardiac surgery in the UK. There is an opportunity for greater involvement of the diabetes specialist team both before and during admission for surgery to improve outcomes. (Trial registration: ISRCTN10170306).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Luthra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Wessex Cardiothoracic Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - K Salhiyyah
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Wessex Cardiothoracic Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Farah Medical Campus, Amman, Jordan
| | - G Dritsakis
- Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - K I Thorne
- Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E Dixon
- Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - S Ohri
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Wessex Cardiothoracic Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - R I G Holt
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Carnero Alcazar M, Hernandez-Vaquero D, Cubero-Gallego H, Lopez Menendez J, Piñon M, Albors Martin J, Cuerpo Caballero G, Cobiella Carnicer J, Villamor C, Forteza A, Pascual I, Maroto Castellanos LC. Retrospective cohort analysis of Spanish national trends of coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention from 1998 to 2017. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046141. [PMID: 33827845 PMCID: PMC8031703 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spain is one of the countries with the lowest rates of revascularisation and highest ratio of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). OBJECTIVES To investigate the changes and trends in the two revascularisation procedures between 1998 and 2017 in Spain. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. Analysis of in-hospital outcomes. SETTING Minimum basic data set from the Spanish National Department of Health: mandatory database collecting information of patients who are attended in the Spanish public National Health System. PARTICIPANTS 603 976 patients who underwent isolated CABG or PCI in the Spanish National Health System. The study period was divided in four 5-year intervals. Patients with acute myocardial infarction on admission were excluded. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES We investigated the volume of procedures nationwide, the changes of the risk profile of patients and in-hospital mortality of both techniques. RESULTS We observed a 2.2-fold increase in the rate of any type of myocardial revascularisation per million inhabitants-year: 357 (1998) to 776 (2017). 93 682 (15.5%) had a coronary surgery. PCI to CABG ratio rose from 2.2 (1998-2002) to 8.1 (2013-2017). Charlson's index increased by 0.8 for CABG and 1 for PCI. The median annual volume of PCI/hospital augmented from 136 to 232, while the volume of CABG was reduced from 137 to 74. In the two decades, we detected a significant reduction of CABG in-hospital mortality (6.5% vs 2.6%, p<0.001) and a small increase in PCI (1.2% vs 1.5%, p<0.001). Risk adjusted mortality rate was reduced for both CABG (1.51 vs 0.48, p<0.001), and PCI (1.42 vs 1.05, p<0.001). CONCLUSION We detected a significant increase in the volume of revascularisations (particularly PCI) in Spain. Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Carnero Alcazar
- Cardiac Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos Instituto Cardiovascular, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Hector Cubero-Gallego
- Cardiology, Unit of Interventional Cardiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Piñon
- Cardiac Surgery, Alvaro Cunqueiro Hospital, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jose Albors Martin
- Cardiac Surgery, Hospital Universitario del Vinalopó, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Javier Cobiella Carnicer
- Cardiac Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos Instituto Cardiovascular, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Villamor
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Forteza
- Cadiac Surgery, Puerta del Hierro University Hospital of Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Pascual
- Cardiology, Unit of Interventional Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Bonatti J, Wallner S, Crailsheim I, Grabenwöger M, Winkler B. Minimally invasive and robotic coronary artery bypass grafting-a 25-year review. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:1922-1944. [PMID: 33841980 PMCID: PMC8024818 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During the mid-1990s cardiac surgery started exploring minimally invasive methods for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and has over a 25-year period developed highly differentiated and less traumatic operations. Instead of the traditional sternotomy mini-incisions on the chest or ports are placed, surgery on the beating heart is applied, sophisticated remote access heart lung machine systems as well as videoscopic units are available, and robotic technology enables completely endoscopic approaches. This review describes these methods, reports on the cumulative intra- and postoperative outcome of these procedures, and gives an integrated view on what less invasive coronary bypass surgery can achieve. A total of 74 patient series published on the topic between 1996 and 2019 were reviewed. Six main versions of minimal access and robotically assisted CABG were applied in 11,135 patients. On average 1.3±0.6 grafts were placed and the operative time was 3 hours 42 min ± 1 hour 15 min. The procedures were carried out with a hospital mortality of 1.0% and a stroke rate of 0.6%. The revision rate for bleeding was 2.5% and a renal failure rate of 0.9% was noted. Wound infections occurred at a rate of 1.2% and postoperative hospital stay was 5.6±2.2 days. It can be concluded that less invasive and robotically assisted versions of coronary bypass grafting are carried out with an adequate safety level while surgical trauma is significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bonatti
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Vienna Health Network, Clinic Floridsdorf and Karl Landsteiner Institute of Cardiovascular Surgical Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie Wallner
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Vienna Health Network, Clinic Floridsdorf and Karl Landsteiner Institute of Cardiovascular Surgical Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingo Crailsheim
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Vienna Health Network, Clinic Floridsdorf and Karl Landsteiner Institute of Cardiovascular Surgical Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Grabenwöger
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Vienna Health Network, Clinic Floridsdorf and Karl Landsteiner Institute of Cardiovascular Surgical Research, Vienna, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Winkler
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Vienna Health Network, Clinic Floridsdorf and Karl Landsteiner Institute of Cardiovascular Surgical Research, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Luthra S, Leiva-Juárez MM, Malvindi PG, Billing JS, Ohri SK. Survival benefit from a second arterial conduit to the circumflex circulation persists in elderly after coronary artery bypass surgery. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2021; 29:910-915. [PMID: 33611930 DOI: 10.1177/0218492321997077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This retrospective propensity matched study investigated the impact of age on the survival benefit from a second arterial conduit to the left-sided circulation. METHODS Data for isolated coronary artery bypass surgery were collected from October 2004 to March 2014. All patients with an internal mammary artery graft to left anterior descending artery and additional arterial or venous graft to the circumflex circulation were included. Propensity matching was used to balance co-variates and generate odds of death for each observation. Odds ratios (venous vs. arterial) were charted against age. RESULTS The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.12% (arterial) vs. 1.24% (venous) (p = 0.77). The overall 10-year survival was 74.6% (venous) vs. 82.6% (arterial) (p = 0.001). A total of 1226 patients were successfully matched to the venous or arterial (second conduit to circumflex territory after left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending artery) cohorts. Odds ratio for death (venous to arterial) showed a linear decremental overall survival benefit for the second arterial graft to circumflex circulation with increasing age. CONCLUSIONS The survival benefit of a second arterial graft persists through all age groups with a gradual decline with increasing age over the decades. Elderly patients should not be denied a second arterial graft to the circumflex circulation based on age criterion alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvitesh Luthra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Miguel M Leiva-Juárez
- Department of Surgery, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Pietro G Malvindi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - John S Billing
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New Cross Hospital, West Midlands, UK
| | - Sunil K Ohri
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Southampton, Hampshire, UK
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Amirjamshidi H, Sauer JS, Barrus B, Knight PA, Prasad SM. A Novel Subxiphoid Approach for Bilateral Internal Thoracic Artery Harvesting. INNOVATIONS-TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES IN CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2021; 16:175-180. [PMID: 33470874 DOI: 10.1177/1556984520981060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) bypass can enable more complete arterial revascularization procedures. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) can offer significant patient benefits. New minimally invasive technology for sternal retraction and tissue manipulation is needed to enable ergonomic and reliable minimally invasive ITA harvesting. The goal of this research was to develop technology and techniques, along with experimental testing and training models, for a sternal-sparing approach to in situ BITA harvesting through a small subxiphoid access site. METHODS This study focused on optimizing custom equipment and methods for subxiphoid BITA harvesting initially in a porcine model (19 pig carcasses, 36 ITAs) and subsequently in 7 cadavers (14 ITAs). RESULTS Fifty consecutive ITAs were successfully harvested using this remote access approach. The last 20 ITA specimens harvested from the porcine model were explanted and measured; the average length of the free ITA grafts was 12.8 ± 0.9 cm (range 10.8 to 14.2 cm) with a mean time of 23.3 ± 5.2 minutes (range 13 to 25 minutes) for each harvest. CONCLUSIONS Early results demonstrate that both ITAs can be reliably harvested in a skeletonized fashion in situ through sternal-sparing, small subxiphoid access in 2 experimental models. This innovative approach warrants further exploration toward facilitating complete arterial revascularization and the further adoption of minimally invasive coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Amirjamshidi
- 6923 Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jude S Sauer
- 6923 Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,479880 LSI SOLUTIONS, Victor, NY, USA
| | - Bryan Barrus
- 6923 Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Peter A Knight
- 6923 Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sunil M Prasad
- 6923 Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Thuijs DJFM, Head SJ, Stone GW, Puskas JD, Taggart DP, Serruys PW, Dressler O, Crowley A, Brown WM, Horkay F, Boonstra PW, Bogáts G, Noiseux N, Sabik JF, Kappetein AP. Outcomes following surgical revascularization with single versus bilateral internal thoracic arterial grafts in patients with left main coronary artery disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: insights from the EXCEL trial†. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2020; 55:501-510. [PMID: 30165487 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezy291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Observational data suggest that the use of a single internal thoracic artery (SITA) may result in inferior outcomes compared with bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) use for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)-a finding not yet supported by randomized trial outcomes. However, the optimal number of internal thoracic artery grafts in patients with left main coronary artery disease has not been investigated. METHODS The EXCEL trial randomized 1905 patients with left main coronary artery disease to percutaneous coronary intervention with everolimus-eluting stents versus CABG. Among the 905 patients undergoing CABG, 688 (76.0%) received SITA and 217 (24.0%) received BITA. Differences in clinical event rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Multivariable Cox regression was used to adjust for differences in baseline covariates. RESULTS Compared to SITA, patients treated with BITA were younger (66.1 ± 9.5 vs 64.5 ± 9.3 years, P = 0.020), were less likely female (24.3% vs 14.3%, P = 0.002) and diabetic (28.8% vs 15.2%, P < 0.001), and had a lower prevalence of peripheral vessel disease (10.2% vs 5.5%, P = 0.040). The unadjusted 3-year composite primary endpoint of death, stroke or myocardial infarction (MI) occurred in 15.6% of SITA vs 11.6% of BITA patients (P = 0.17). The SITA group tended to have a higher 3-year rate of all-cause death compared with the BITA group (6.7% vs 3.3%; P = 0.070). Stroke, MI and ischaemia-driven revascularization outcomes were not significantly different between groups. After adjusting for baseline differences, neither the composite of death, stroke or MI [hazard ratio (HR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-1.78; P = 0.62] nor mortality (HR 1.36, 95% CI 0.60-3.12; P = 0.46) was significantly higher with SITA. The rehospitalization rate after 3 years was higher in the SITA group (35.8% vs 26.0%, P = 0.008), a difference which was no longer present after multivariable adjustment (HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.93-1.74; P = 0.13). Sternal wound dehiscence within 30 days did not occur more often in the BITA group compared to the SITA group (1.8% vs 2.2%, P > 0.99). CONCLUSIONS In the EXCEL trial, there were no clinical differences at 3 years between SITA or BITA revascularization in patients with left main coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J F M Thuijs
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stuart J Head
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gregg W Stone
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - John D Puskas
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Saint Luke's, New York, NY, USA
| | - David P Taggart
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Aaron Crowley
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - W Morris Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ferenc Horkay
- Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Piet W Boonstra
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Gabor Bogáts
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nicolas Noiseux
- Department of Surgery, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph F Sabik
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A Pieter Kappetein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Navia D, Espinoza J, Vrancic M, Piccinini F, Camporrotondo M, Dorsa A, Seoane L. Bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting in elderly patients: Any benefit in survival? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 164:542-549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kazui T, Lick SD, Hsu CH, Bull DA. Short-Term Risk of Bilateral Internal Mammary Artery Grafting in Diabetic Patients. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 33:382-392. [PMID: 32977011 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the morbidity and mortality at 30 days following the use of bilateral internal mammary arteries (BIMA) vs a single internal mammary artery (SIMA) at the time of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with a preoperative HbA1c. Patients undergoing CABG from January 2008 to December 2016 reported to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons database were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into 2 groups: use of BIMA or use of SIMA and propensity matched. To assess the effect of preoperative HbA1c, both groups were further divided into 5 subgroups: patients without diabetes mellitus (DM), or patients with DM and a preoperative HbA1c level in one of four groups (< 7%, 7-9%, 9-11%, or >11%). The postoperative outcomes in both the BIMA and SIMA groups were compared. There were 700,504 and 28,115 patients with measured preoperative HbA1c levels in the SIMA and BIMA groups, respectively. Propensity score matching identified 23,635 comparable patients in each group for analysis. There was no difference in postoperative mortality between the BIMA and SIMA groups (1.3% vs 1.2%). The incidences of sternal wound infection (SWI) in patients undergoing placement of BIMA vs SIMA were: 0.8% vs 0.4% with no DM (P < 0.0001), 1.9% vs 1.0% with HbA1c < 7% (P < 0.001), 2.4% vs 1.2% with HbA1c 7-9% (P < 0.001), 2.8% vs 1.4% with HbA1c 9-11% (P = 0.02), 4.1% vs 1.5% with HbA1c > 11% (P = 0.01). Based on the incidence of SWI, BIMA is a reasonable approach with an HbA1c<7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Kazui
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The University of Arizona, College of Medicine/Banner University Medical Center Tucson, Tucson, Arizona.
| | - Scott D Lick
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The University of Arizona, College of Medicine/Banner University Medical Center Tucson, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Chiu-Hsieh Hsu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona
| | - David A Bull
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The University of Arizona, College of Medicine/Banner University Medical Center Tucson, Tucson, Arizona
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Pooria A, Pourya A, Gheini A. Application of tissue-engineered interventions for coronary artery bypass grafts. Future Cardiol 2020; 16:675-685. [PMID: 32643391 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2019-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery bypass graft is one of the extensively conducted procedures to release occlusion in the coronary vessel. Various biological grafts are used for this purpose, superiorly, saphenous vein graft, if unavailable, other vessels in the body, with likewise characteristics are exploited for the purpose. The choice of graft is yet under discovery that could impeccably meet all the requirements. Variation in perioperative and postoperative results have given uneven clinical inferences of these conduits. Alternatively, tissue-engineering is also being applied in this area for clinical improvements. This review underlines some of the commonly used grafts for coronary artery bypass graft and advancements in tissue engineering for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pooria
- Department of Cardiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Afsoun Pourya
- Student of Research Committee, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Gheini
- Department of Cardiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Schwann TA, Gaudino MFL, Engelman DT, Sedrakyan A, Li D, Tranbaugh RF, Habib RH. Effect of Skeletonization of Bilateral Internal Thoracic Arteries on Deep Sternal Wound Infections. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 111:600-606. [PMID: 32599046 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilateral internal thoracic arteries (BITA) coronary bypass grafting may improve long-term outcomes but is associated with increased deep sternal wound infections (DSWIs). We analyzed whether BITA skeletonization impacts DSWIs and operative mortality (OM) using The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database. METHODS Primary, isolated, nonemergent/nonsalvage BITA patients (July 2017 to December 2018) in The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database were divided into groups based on BITA harvesting technique: both skeletonized (ssBITA) and ≥1 nonskeletonized (Non-ssBITA). DSWI and OM observed-to-expected (O/E) ratios were compared using The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Perioperative Risk Models. ssBITA versus Non-ssBITA DSWI and OM adjusted odds ratios were calculated by multivariable logistic regression and corroborated by propensity score matching. RESULTS We analyzed 11,269 patients (42.8% ssBITA, 57.2% Non-ssBITA, 770 hospitals, 1448 surgeons). The ssBITA group had a higher incidence of comorbidities and off-pump surgery. Overall incidences of DSWIs and OM were 0.98% (O/E ratio, 5.1) and 1.72% (O/E ratio, 1.4), respectively, and were 28% (P = .129) and 23% (P = .096) lower in ssBITA. The DSWI O/E ratio was highest (5.9) in Non-ssBITA and lowest in ss-BITA (4.1). After multivariable adjustment, ssBITA was associated with a decreased risk of DSWIs (adjusted odds ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-1.00; P = .05), with no difference in OM. These results were confirmed among 3884 propensity score-matched pairs. DSWIs increased sharply with increasing number of risk factors for DSWIs regardless of harvesting technique, with a trend for higher DSWIs among Non-ssBITA for all risk categories. CONCLUSIONS The observed high O/E ratio indicates that BITA grafting is associated with increased risk of DSWIs. Risk-adjusted DSWI rate and a lower O/E ratio in ssBITA support the protective role of skeletonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Schwann
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts-Baystate, Springfield, Massachusetts.
| | - Mario F L Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Daniel T Engelman
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts-Baystate, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Art Sedrakyan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Dongze Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Robert F Tranbaugh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Robert H Habib
- Society of Thoracic Surgeons Research Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Abstract
Internal mammary artery, by far, is the gold standard and first conduit for surgical revascularization especially when it comes to bypassing a lesion in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Several factors behind using this artery have been established, including but not limited to, the anatomical location, the course and flow, the elastic nature of the artery as well as the physiological characteristics that make this conduit to yield excellent long-term patency rates. This review aims to thoroughly examine current literature and establish the facts behind using this conduit in our daily surgical revascularization practice.
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Arnold SV, Bhatt DL, Barsness GW, Beatty AL, Deedwania PC, Inzucchi SE, Kosiborod M, Leiter LA, Lipska KJ, Newman JD, Welty FK. Clinical Management of Stable Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; 141:e779-e806. [PMID: 32279539 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although cardiologists have long treated patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), T2DM has traditionally been considered just a comorbidity that affected the development and progression of the disease. Over the past decade, a number of factors have shifted that have forced the cardiology community to reconsider the role of T2DM in CAD. First, in addition to being associated with increased cardiovascular risk, T2DM has the potential to affect a number of treatment choices for CAD. In this document, we discuss the role that T2DM has in the selection of testing for CAD, in medical management (both secondary prevention strategies and treatment of stable angina), and in the selection of revascularization strategy. Second, although glycemic control has been recommended as a part of comprehensive risk factor management in patients with CAD, there is mounting evidence that the mechanism by which glucose is managed can have a substantial impact on cardiovascular outcomes. In this document, we discuss the role of glycemic management (both in intensity of control and choice of medications) in cardiovascular outcomes. It is becoming clear that the cardiologist needs both to consider T2DM in cardiovascular treatment decisions and potentially to help guide the selection of glucose-lowering medications. Our statement provides a comprehensive summary of effective, patient-centered management of CAD in patients with T2DM, with emphasis on the emerging evidence. Given the increasing prevalence of T2DM and the accumulating evidence of the need to consider T2DM in treatment decisions, this knowledge will become ever more important to optimize our patients' cardiovascular outcomes.
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Davierwala PM, Verevkin A, Sgouropoulou S, Hasheminejad E, von Aspern K, Misfeld M, Borger MA. Minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery with bilateral internal thoracic arteries: Early outcomes and angiographic patency. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 162:1109-1119.e4. [PMID: 32389463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.12.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multivessel minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting, performed chiefly with left internal thoracic artery and saphenous vein grafts through a left anterolateral thoracotomy, has recently emerged as an alternative to conventional coronary artery bypass grafting. The present study involves our initial experience with respect to early postoperative and angiographic outcomes after total arterial multivessel off-pump minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting with bilateral internal thoracic arteries. METHODS A total of 88 consecutive patients undergoing total arterial off-pump minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting with bilateral internal thoracic arteries without ascending aortic manipulation were included in this study. Bilateral internal thoracic arteries were harvested under direct vision through a left anterolateral thoracotomy and used as Y or in situ grafts. Multivessel grafting was performed off pump. Postoperative graft assessment was performed in 51 patients. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 67.1 ± 7.2 years, and 79 patients (89.8%) were male. The mean body mass index and ejection fraction were 26.7 ± 2.7 kg/m2 and 57.6% ± 6.6%, respectively, and 40 patients (45.5%) had left main disease. No intraoperative conversions to cardiopulmonary bypass or sternotomy occurred. A total of 209 distal anastomoses (mean 2.4 ± 0.5) were performed, with 57 patients undergoing double, 29 patients undergoing triple, and 2 patients undergoing quadruple coronary artery bypass grafting. There was no in-hospital mortality, and 5 patients underwent reexploration for bleeding. No patient had stroke or chest wound infections. Predischarge coronary angiography revealed an overall graft patency rate of 96.8%. CONCLUSIONS Off-pump minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting using total arterial revascularization with bilateral internal thoracic arteries is a feasible and safe operation that is associated with excellent short-term outcomes and early graft patency. Future studies should focus on improving the generalizability and reproducibility of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piroze M Davierwala
- University Department for Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Alexander Verevkin
- University Department for Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Martin Misfeld
- University Department for Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael A Borger
- University Department for Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Wang C, Li P, Zhang F, Kong Q, Li J. Does Bilateral Internal Mammary Artery Grafting Better Suit Patients With Diabetes? - Two Different Ways to Explore Outcomes. Circ J 2020; 84:436-444. [PMID: 31996489 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This analysis compared short-term mortality, sternal wound infection (SWI), and long-term survival outcomes in diabetic patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with bilateral (BIMA) vs. single (SIMA) internal mammary artery, as well as in diabetic vs. non-diabetic patients undergoing BIMA grafting.Methods and Results:Nineteen studies were included in the study, covering 21,143 different patients. Of these patients, 6,464 underwent CABG with BIMA, 10,264 underwent CAGB with SIMA, 11,584 had diabetes, and 6,717 did not. Compared with SIMA, BIMA had a significantly lower risk of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.73, P=0.02), but a significantly higher risk of SWI (OR 1.30, P=0.04). However, compared with non-diabetic patients who underwent CABG with BIMA, diabetic patients with BIMA grafting did not have significantly higher risks of either mortality (OR 1.22, P=0.53) or SWI (OR 1.10, P=0.72). No significant differences were detected with different harvesting techniques. Longer term, BIMA was associated with a significantly higher rate of survival than SIMA (hazard ratio [HR] 0.76, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Results from the 2 types of comparisons indicate that BIMA is a preferable option for diabetic patients, even though it has a higher risk of infection. CABG with BIMA is also associated with a long-term survival benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Qingyu Kong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Jingxing Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
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Hansen L. Brauchen wir neue Qualitätsindikatoren für CABG-Patienten? ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-019-00337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Zhou P, Zhu P, Nie Z, Zheng S. Is the era of bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting coming for diabetic patients? An updated meta-analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 158:1559-1570.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.01.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Jannati M, Navaei MR, Ronizi LG. A comparative review of the outcomes of using arterial versus venous conduits in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:2768-2773. [PMID: 31681641 PMCID: PMC6820417 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_367_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays one of the most frequent reasons of death in the world is coronary artery disease. CABG is a portion of a common revascularization mediation that is done to supervise CAD by applying vessels that are grafted to revascularize vessels distal from the blockage. Different sources of grafts are included veins (specifically saphenous) and arteries (include mammary and radial arteries). Multiple conduits are used to this end, but the most suitable is left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) as a golden standard. Saphenous vein grafts were the guiding approach applied by the vast majority of cardiac surgeons in the 1970s, even though all approaches were supported by doctors. Although the radial artery graft was introduced simultaneously, this approach due to its complications was not as prevalent. This article is aimed to define the pros and cons of applying each kind of grafts according to the results furnished by existent studies. It has also examined the benefits provided by total arterial coronary artery bypass graft against CABG including venous graft for patients with CAD from the perspective of surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Jannati
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rafati Navaei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Ghaedian Ronizi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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41
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Vrancic JM, Navia DO, Espinoza JC, Piccinini F, Camporrotondo M, Benzadon M, Dorsa A. Is sex a risk factor for death in patients with bilateral internal thoracic artery grafts? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 158:1345-1353.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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42
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Sonck J, Miyazaki Y, Collet C, Onuma Y, Asano T, Takahashi K, Kogame N, Katagiri Y, Modolo R, Serruys PW, Bartorelli AL, Andreini D, Doenst T, Maureira JP, Plass A, La Meir M, Pompillio G. Feasibility of planning coronary artery bypass grafting based only on coronary computed tomography angiography and CT-derived fractional flow reserve: a pilot survey of the surgeons involved in the randomized SYNTAX III Revolution trial. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2019; 29:209–216. [PMID: 30887024 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Invasive coronary angiography has been the preferred diagnostic method to guide the decision-making process between coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention and plan a surgical revascularization procedure. Guidelines recommend a heart team approach and assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) complexity, objectively quantified by the anatomical SYNTAX score. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and CT-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) are emerging technologies in the diagnosis of stable CAD. In this study, data from patients with left main or 3-vessel CAD who underwent CABG were evaluated to assess the feasibility of developing a surgical plan based on CCTA integrated with FFRCT. The primary objective was to assess the theoretical feasibility of surgical decision-making and treatment planning based only on non-invasive imaging. METHODS This study represents a survey of surgeons involved in the SYNTAX III Revolution trial. In this trial, heart teams were randomized to make treatment decisions using CTA. CCTAs and FFRCT results of 20 patients were presented to 5 cardiac surgeons. RESULTS Surgical treatment decision-making based on CCTA with FFRCT was considered feasible by a panel of surgeons in 84% of the cases with an excellent agreement on the number of anastomoses to be made in each patient (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.35-0.96). CONCLUSIONS Using non-invasive imaging only in patients with left main or 3-vessel CAD, an excellent agreement on treatment planning and the number of anastomoses was found among cardiac surgeons. Thus, CABG planning based on non-invasive imaging appears feasible. Further investigation is warranted to determine the safety and feasibility in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Sonck
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Yosuke Miyazaki
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carlos Collet
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yoshinobu Onuma
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Cardialysis BV, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taku Asano
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kuniaki Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Norihiro Kogame
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yuki Katagiri
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Modolo
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Patrick W Serruys
- Cardialysis BV, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - Antonio L Bartorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Andre Plass
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark La Meir
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio Pompillio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Narayan P. Has Arterial Revascularization Trial [ART] burst the BITA bubble? Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 36:78-80. [PMID: 33061101 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-019-00833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The 10-year outcome of the Arterial Revascularization Trial (ART) has recently been published. The study is the largest randomized study comparing bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) with single internal thoracic artery (SITA) as a grafting strategy for coronary artery bypass. In this review, a critical appraisal of the study has been performed where the result of the trial has been discussed along with the risk of sternal wound infections, the presence of a learning curve, and the influence of volume on outcomes. The influence of BITA grafting on other aspects like influence on hospital stay and quality of life outcomes has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Narayan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, NH Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Kolkata, 700099 India
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44
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Pu A, Ding L, Shin J, Price J, Skarsgard P, Wong DR, Bozinovski J, Fradet G, Abel JG. Long-term Outcomes of Multiple Arterial Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Population-Based Study of Patients in British Columbia, Canada. JAMA Cardiol 2019; 2:1187-1196. [PMID: 29049458 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2017.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Importance Although the long-term survival advantage of multiple arterial grafting (MAG) vs the standard use of left internal thoracic artery (LITA) supplemented by saphenous vein grafts (LITA+SVG) has been demonstrated in several observational studies, to our knowledge its safety and other long-term clinical benefits in a large, population-based cohort are unknown. Objective To compare the safety and long-term outcomes of MAG vs LITA+SVG among overall and selected subgroups of patients. Design, Setting, and Participants In this population-based observational study, we included 20 076 adult patients with triple-vessel or left-main disease who underwent primary isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (MAG, n = 5580; LITA+SVG, n = 14 496) in the province of British Columbia, Canada, from January 2000 to December 2014, with follow-up to December 2015. We performed propensity-score analyses by weighting and matching and multivariable Cox regression to minimize treatment selection bias. Exposures Multiple arterial grafting or LITA+SVG. Main Outcomes and Measures Mortality, repeated revascularization, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke. Results Of 5580 participants who underwent MAG, 586 (11%) were women and the mean (SD) age was 60 (8.7) years. Of 14 496 participants who underwent LITA+SVG, 2803 (19%) were women and the mean (SD) age was 68 (8.9) years. The median (interquartile range) follow-up time was 9.1 (5.1-12.6) years and 8.1 (4.5-11.7) years for the groups receiving MAG and LITA+SVG, respectively. Compared with LITA+SVG, MAG was associated with reduced mortality rates (hazard ratio [HR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.72-0.87) and repeated revascularization rates (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.66-0.84) in 15-year follow-up and reduced incidences of myocardial infarction (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.47-0.85) and heart failure (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64-0.98) in 7-year follow-up. The long-term benefits were coherent by all 3 statistical methods and persisted among patient subgroups with diabetes, obesity, moderately impaired ejection fraction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral vascular disease, or renal disease. Multiple arterial grafting was not associated with increased morbidity or mortality rates at 30 days overall or within patient subgroups. Conclusions and Relevance Compared with LITA+SVG, MAG is associated with reduced mortality, repeated revascularization, myocardial infarction, and heart failure among patients with multivessel disease who are undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting without increased mortality or other adverse events at 30 days. The long-term benefits consistently observed across multiple outcomes and subgroups support the consideration of MAG for a broader spectrum of patients who are undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Pu
- Cardiac Services BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lillian Ding
- Cardiac Services BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jungwon Shin
- Cardiac Services BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joel Price
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter Skarsgard
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel R Wong
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John Bozinovski
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guy Fradet
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Kelowna General Hospital, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James G Abel
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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45
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Spadaccio C, Gaudino MFL. Are we doing a good job with coronary artery bypass grafting? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 55:901-902. [PMID: 30649239 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezy428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Spadaccio
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK.,University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mario F L Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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46
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Gaudino MFL, Spadaccio C, Taggart DP. State-of-the-Art Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Patient Selection, Graft Selection, and Optimizing Outcomes. Interv Cardiol Clin 2019; 8:173-198. [PMID: 30832941 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the progressive expansion of clinical indications for percutaneous coronary intervention and the increasingly high risk profile of referred patients, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains the mainstay in multivessel disease, providing good long-term outcomes with low complication rates. Multiple arterial grafting, especially if associated with anaortic techniques, might provide the best longer-term outcomes. A surgical approach individualized to the patients' clinical and anatomic characteristics, and surgeon and team experience, are key to excellent outcomes. Current evidence regarding patient selection, indications, graft selection, and potential strategies to optimize outcomes in patients treated with CABG is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F L Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Cristiano Spadaccio
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon Street, Clydebank, Glasgow G81 4DY, UK; University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, 126 University Place, Glasgow G128TA, UK
| | - David P Taggart
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, Oxforshire OX39DU, UK; Department Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DU, UK
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47
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Puehler T, Zittermann A, Dia M, Emmel E, Gercek M, Börgermann J, Hakim-Meibodi K, Gummert J. Off-pump Revascularization with Bilateral versus Single Mammary Arteries-A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 68:687-694. [PMID: 30738416 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1677835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery bypass grafting is the first-line therapy for severe multivessel coronary artery disease. We aimed to investigate the clinical outcome in patients undergoing isolated off-pump surgery with the single or bilateral internal mammary artery (SIMA or BIMA) approach. METHODS We performed a propensity score-matched analysis in 1,852 consecutive patients, aged 50 to 70 years, who underwent myocardial revascularization at our institution between July 2009 and August 2016. Primary end point was the probability of survival. RESULTS Mean follow-up was 36.3 (range: 0.1-89.6) months. The probability of survival in the SIMA and BIMA groups was 98.6 and 99.0% at year 1, 92.0 and 92.5% at year 5, and 85.6 and 81.6% at year 7, respectively, with a hazard ratio (HR) of mortality for the BIMA group versus the SIMA group of 0.98 (95% confidence interval[CI]: 0.64-1.52; p = 0.94). There was evidence for interaction between diabetes and study group on mortality risk (HR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.07-6.23; p = 0.034). Freedom from mediastinitis/wound infection was higher in the SIMA group than in the BIMA group (99.5 and 96.9%, respectively; HR of an event = 6.39, 95% CI: 2.88-14.18; p < 0.001). The corresponding values in the subgroups of diabetic patients were 98.6 and 90.9%, respectively (HR = 6.45, 95% CI: 2.24-18.58; p = 0.001). Mediastinitis/wound infection was associated with increased mortality risk (HR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.29-6.78; p = 0.010). CONCLUSION Overall, our data indicate similar probability of survival up to a maximum follow-up of 7 years by off-pump surgery with the SIMA or BIMA approach. However, in diabetic patients, the clinical outcome indicates caution regarding the use of the BIMA approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Puehler
- Klinik für Herz- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Armin Zittermann
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Heart Center NRW, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Mohamad Dia
- Herzzentrum Duisburg, Duisburg, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Eric Emmel
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Heart Center NRW, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Mustafa Gercek
- Herzzentrum Duisburg, Duisburg, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | | | - Kavous Hakim-Meibodi
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Heart Center NRW, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Jan Gummert
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Heart Center NRW, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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48
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De Palo M, Quagliara T, Dachille A, Carrozzo A, Giardinelli F, Mureddu S, Mastro F, Rotunno C, Paparella D. Trials Comparing Percutaneous And Surgical Myocardial Revascularization: A Review. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2019; 14:95-105. [PMID: 30706789 DOI: 10.2174/1574887114666190201102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemic heart diseases are the major leading cause of death worldwide. Revascularization procedures dramatically reduced the overall risk for death related to acute coronary syndromes. Two kinds of myocardial revascularization can grossly be outlined: percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and surgical coronary artery bypass graft intervention (CABG). The net clinical benefit coming from these two kinds of procedures is still under debate. METHODS We have traced the state-of-the-art background about myocardial revascularization procedures by comparing the most important trials dealing with the evaluation of percutaneous interventions versus a surgical approach to coronary artery diseases. RESULTS Both PCI and CABG have become effective treatments for revascularization of patients suffering from advanced CAD. The advance in technology and procedural techniques made PCI an attractive and, to some extent, more reliable procedure in the context of CAD. However, there are still patients that cannot undergo PCI and have to be rather directed towards CABG. CONCLUSION CABG still remains the best strategy for the treatment of multiple vessel CAD due to improved results in term of survival and freedom from reintervention. Anyway, a systematic, multidisciplinary approach to revascularization is the fundamental behaviour to be chased in order to effectively help the patients in overcoming its diseases. The creation of the "heart team" seems to be a good option for the correct treatment of patients suffering from stable and unstable CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela De Palo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplant, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mater Dei Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Quagliara
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplant, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Dachille
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplant, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carrozzo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplant, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giardinelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplant, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Simone Mureddu
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplant, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Florinda Mastro
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplant, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Paparella
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplant, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, GVM Care and Research, Santa Maria Hospital, Bari, Italy
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49
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Taggart DP, Benedetto U, Gerry S, Altman DG, Gray AM, Lees B, Gaudino M, Zamvar V, Bochenek A, Buxton B, Choong C, Clark S, Deja M, Desai J, Hasan R, Jasinski M, O'Keefe P, Moraes F, Pepper J, Seevanayagam S, Sudarshan C, Trivedi U, Wos S, Puskas J, Flather M. Bilateral versus Single Internal-Thoracic-Artery Grafts at 10 Years. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:437-446. [PMID: 30699314 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1808783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple arterial grafts may result in longer survival than single arterial grafts after coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. We evaluated the use of bilateral internal-thoracic-artery grafts for CABG. METHODS We randomly assigned patients scheduled for CABG to undergo bilateral or single internal-thoracic-artery grafting. Additional arterial or vein grafts were used as indicated. The primary outcome was death from any cause at 10 years. The composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or stroke was a secondary outcome. RESULTS A total of 1548 patients were randomly assigned to undergo bilateral internal-thoracic-artery grafting (the bilateral-graft group) and 1554 to undergo single internal-thoracic-artery grafting (the single-graft group). In the bilateral-graft group, 13.9% of the patients received only a single internal-thoracic-artery graft, and in the single-graft group, 21.8% of the patients also received a radial-artery graft. Vital status was not known for 2.3% of the patients at 10 years. In the intention-to-treat analysis at 10 years, there were 315 deaths (20.3% of the patients) in the bilateral-graft group and 329 deaths (21.2%) in the single-graft group (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 1.12; P=0.62). Regarding the composite outcome of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, there were 385 patients (24.9%) with an event in the bilateral-graft group and 425 patients (27.3%) with an event in the single-graft group (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.03). CONCLUSIONS Among patients who were scheduled for CABG and had been randomly assigned to undergo bilateral or single internal-thoracic-artery grafting, there was no significant between-group difference in the rate of death from any cause at 10 years in the intention-to-treat analysis. Further studies are needed to determine whether multiple arterial grafts provide better outcomes than a single internal-thoracic-artery graft. (Funded by the British Heath Foundation and others; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN46552265 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Taggart
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Umberto Benedetto
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Stephen Gerry
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Douglas G Altman
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Alastair M Gray
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Belinda Lees
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Mario Gaudino
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Vipin Zamvar
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Andrzej Bochenek
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Brian Buxton
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Cliff Choong
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Stephen Clark
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Marek Deja
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Jatin Desai
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Ragheb Hasan
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Marek Jasinski
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Peter O'Keefe
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Fernando Moraes
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - John Pepper
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Siven Seevanayagam
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Catherine Sudarshan
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Uday Trivedi
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Stanislaw Wos
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - John Puskas
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
| | - Marcus Flather
- From the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital (D.P.T., B.L.), the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre (S.G., D.G.A.), and the Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.M.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford, the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (U.B.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (V.Z.), Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge (C.C., C.S.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle (S.C.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, King's College Hospital (J.D.), and Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (J. Pepper), London, the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Manchester (R.H.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (P.O.), the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Sussex County, Brighton (U.T.), and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich (M.F.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.G.), and Mount Sinai St. Luke's (J. Puskas) - both in New York; the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland (A.B.), and the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia (M.D., S.W.), Katowice, and the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (M.J.) - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.B., S.S.); and the Heart Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (F.M.)
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Saraiva FA, Girerd N, Cerqueira RJ, Ferreira JP, Vilas-Boas N, Pinho P, Barros A, Amorim MJ, Lourenço AP, Leite-Moreira AF. Survival after bilateral internal mammary artery in coronary artery bypass grafting: Are women at risk? Int J Cardiol 2018; 270:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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