1
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Brown SD, Klimi E, Bakker WAM, Beqqali A, Baker AH. Non-coding RNAs to treat vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38773733 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) dysfunction is a critical contributor to cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, restenosis and vein graft failure. Recent advances have unveiled a fascinating range of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a pivotal role in regulating vSMC function. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms underlying vSMC dysfunction and the therapeutic potential of various ncRNAs in mitigating this dysfunction, either preventing or reversing it. We explore the intricate interplay of microRNAs, long-non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, shedding light on their roles in regulating key signalling pathways associated with vSMC dysfunction. We also discuss the prospects and challenges associated with developing ncRNA-based therapies for this prevalent type of cardiovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Brown
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eftychia Klimi
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Abdelaziz Beqqali
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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2
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Nappi F. Non-Coding RNA-Targeted Therapy: A State-of-the-Art Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3630. [PMID: 38612441 PMCID: PMC11011542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as drug targets is being researched due to their discovery and their role in disease. Targeting ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), is an attractive approach for treating various diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. This seminar discusses the current status of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets in different pathological conditions. Regarding miRNA-based drugs, this approach has made significant progress in preclinical and clinical testing for cardiovascular diseases, where the limitations of conventional pharmacotherapy are evident. The challenges of miRNA-based drugs, including specificity, delivery, and tolerability, will be discussed. New approaches to improve their success will be explored. Furthermore, it extensively discusses the potential development of targeted therapies for cardiovascular disease. Finally, this document reports on the recent advances in identifying and characterizing microRNAs, manipulating them, and translating them into clinical applications. It also addresses the challenges and perspectives towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nappi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
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3
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Qiao Y, Wang D, Yan G, Yang Z, Tang C. MiR-411-5p Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switch by Inhibiting Expression of Calmodulin Regulated Spectrin-Associated Protein-1. Int Heart J 2024; 65:557-565. [PMID: 38825498 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.23-590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
When stimulated, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) change from a differentiated to a dedifferentiated phenotype. Dedifferentiated VSMCs have a key activity in cardiovascular diseases such as in-stent restenosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have crucial functions in conversion of differentiated VSMCs to a dedifferentiated phenotype. We investigated the activity of miR-411-5p in the proliferation, migration, and phenotype switch of rat VSMCs.Based on a microRNA array assay, miR-411-5p expression was found to be significantly increased in cultured VSMCs stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). A CCK-8 assay, transwell assay, and scratch test were performed to measure the effect of miR-411-5p on the proliferation and migration of PDGF-BB-treated VSMCs. MiR-411-5p promoted expression of dedifferentiated phenotype markers such as osteopontin and tropomyosin 4 in PDGF-BB-treated VSMCs. Using mimics and inhibitors, we identified the target of miR-411-5p in PDGF-BB-treated VSMCs and found that calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated protein-1 (CAMSAP1) was involved in the phenotypic switch mediated by PDGF-BB.By inhibiting expression of CAMSAP1, miR-411-5p enhanced the proliferation, migration, and phenotype switch of VSMCs.Blockade of miR-411-5p interaction with CAMSAP1 is a promising approach to treat in-stent restenosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Rats
- Cell Proliferation
- Becaplermin/pharmacology
- Phenotype
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Male
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Osteopontin/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School
| | - Gaoliang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School
| | | | - Chengchun Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School
- Medical School of Southeast University
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4
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Tamargo IA, Baek KI, Kim Y, Park C, Jo H. Flow-induced reprogramming of endothelial cells in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:738-753. [PMID: 37225873 PMCID: PMC10206587 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and peripheral artery disease continue to be leading causes of death worldwide despite the success of treatments with cholesterol-lowering drugs and drug-eluting stents, raising the need to identify additional therapeutic targets. Interestingly, atherosclerosis preferentially develops in curved and branching arterial regions, where endothelial cells are exposed to disturbed blood flow with characteristic low-magnitude oscillatory shear stress. By contrast, straight arterial regions exposed to stable flow, which is associated with high-magnitude, unidirectional shear stress, are relatively well protected from the disease through shear-dependent, atheroprotective endothelial cell responses. Flow potently regulates structural, functional, transcriptomic, epigenomic and metabolic changes in endothelial cells through mechanosensors and mechanosignal transduction pathways. A study using single-cell RNA sequencing and chromatin accessibility analysis in a mouse model of flow-induced atherosclerosis demonstrated that disturbed flow reprogrammes arterial endothelial cells in situ from healthy phenotypes to diseased ones characterized by endothelial inflammation, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, endothelial-to-immune cell-like transition and metabolic changes. In this Review, we discuss this emerging concept of disturbed-flow-induced reprogramming of endothelial cells (FIRE) as a potential pro-atherogenic mechanism. Defining the flow-induced mechanisms through which endothelial cells are reprogrammed to promote atherosclerosis is a crucial area of research that could lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets to combat the high prevalence of atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Tamargo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yerin Kim
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christian Park
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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5
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Nappi F, Avtaar Singh SS, Jitendra V, Alzamil A, Schoell T. The Roles of microRNAs in the Cardiovascular System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14277. [PMID: 37762578 PMCID: PMC10531750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of miRNAs and their role in disease represent a significant breakthrough that has stimulated and propelled research on miRNAs as targets for diagnosis and therapy. Cardiovascular disease is an area where the restrictions of early diagnosis and conventional pharmacotherapy are evident and deserve attention. Therefore, miRNA-based drugs have significant potential for development. Research and its application can make considerable progress, as seen in preclinical and clinical trials. The use of miRNAs is still experimental but has a promising role in diagnosing and predicting a variety of acute coronary syndrome presentations. Its use, either alone or in combination with currently available biomarkers, might be adopted soon, particularly if there is diagnostic ambiguity. In this review, we examine the current understanding of miRNAs as possible targets for diagnosis and treatment in the cardiovascular system. We report on recent advances in recognising and characterising miRNAs with a focus on clinical translation. The latest challenges and perspectives towards clinical application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nappi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France; (A.A.); (T.S.)
| | | | - Vikram Jitendra
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK;
| | - Almothana Alzamil
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France; (A.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Thibaut Schoell
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France; (A.A.); (T.S.)
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6
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Zhang D, Cao Y, Liu D, Zhang J, Guo Y. The Etiology and Molecular Mechanism Underlying Smooth Muscle Phenotype Switching in Intimal Hyperplasia of Vein Graft and the Regulatory Role of microRNAs. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:935054. [PMID: 35966541 PMCID: PMC9365958 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.935054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the phenotypic transformation of venous smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from differentiated (contractile) to dedifferentiated (proliferative and migratory) phenotypes causes excessive proliferation and further migration to the intima leading to intimal hyperplasia, which represents one of the key pathophysiological mechanisms of vein graft restenosis. In recent years, numerous miRNAs have been identified as specific phenotypic regulators of vascular SMCs (VSMCs), which play a vital role in intimal hyperplasia in vein grafts. The review sought to provide a comprehensive overview of the etiology of intimal hyperplasia, factors affecting the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs in vein graft, and molecular mechanisms of miRNAs involved in SMCs phenotypic modulation in intimal hyperplasia of vein graft reported in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengshen Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yiran Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Daxing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yingqiang Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yingqiang Guo,
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7
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Abstract
The discovery of microRNAs and their role in diseases was a breakthrough that inspired research into microRNAs as drug targets. Cardiovascular diseases are an area in which limitations of conventional pharmacotherapy are highly apparent and where microRNA-based drugs have appreciably progressed into preclinical and clinical testing. In this Review, we summarize the current state of microRNAs as therapeutic targets in the cardiovascular system. We report recent advances in the identification and characterization of microRNAs, their manipulation and clinical translation, and discuss challenges and perspectives toward clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Laggerbauer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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8
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Fashina O, Abbasciano RG, McQueen LW, Ladak S, George SJ, Suleiman S, Punjabi PP, Angelini GD, Zakkar M. Large animal model of vein grafts intimal hyperplasia: A systematic review. Perfusion 2022:2676591221091200. [PMID: 35624557 DOI: 10.1177/02676591221091200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery bypass grafting remains the treatment of choice for a large cohort of patients with significant coronary disease. Despite the increased use of arterial grafts, the long saphenous vein remains the most commonly used conduit. Long-term graft patency continues to be the Achilles heel of saphenous vein grafts. This is due to the development of intimal hyperplasia, a chronic inflammatory disease that results in the narrowing and occlusion of a significant number of vein grafts. Research models for intimal hyperplasia are essential for a better understanding of pathophysiological processes of this condition. Large animal models resemble human anatomical structures and have been used as a surrogate to study disease development and prevention over the years. In this paper, we systematically review all published studies that utilized large animal models of vein graft disease with a focus on the type of model and any therapeutic intervention, specifically the use of external stents/mesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatomini Fashina
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Riccardo G Abbasciano
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Liam W McQueen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Shameem Ladak
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Sarah J George
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - Sadeeh Suleiman
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - Prakash P Punjabi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gianni D Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - Mustafa Zakkar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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9
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miR-16-5p Is a Novel Mediator of Venous Smooth Muscle Phenotypic Switching. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:876-889. [PMID: 35501542 PMCID: PMC9622564 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vein graft failure after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is primarily caused by intimal hyperplasia, which results from the phenotypic switching of venous smooth muscle cells (SMCs). This study investigates the role and underlying mechanism of miR-16-5p in the phenotypic switching of venous SMCs. In rats, neointimal thickness and area increased over time within 28 days after CABG, as did the time-dependent miR-16-5p downregulation and SMC phenotypic switching. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced miR-16-5p downregulation in HSVSMCs was accompanied by and substantially linked with alterations in phenotypic switching indicators. Furthermore, miR-16-5p overexpression increased SMCs differentiation marker expression while suppressing HSVSMCs proliferation and migration and drastically inhibiting neointimal development in vein grafts. The miR-16-5p inhibited zyxin expression, which was necessary for HSVSMCs phenotypic switching. The miR-16-5p/zyxin axis is a novel, potentially therapeutic target for preventing and treating venous graft intimal hyperplasia.
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10
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Dai B, Wang F, Nie X, Du H, Zhao Y, Yin Z, Li H, Fan J, Wen Z, Wang DW, Chen C. The Cell Type-Specific Functions of miR-21 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Genet 2020; 11:563166. [PMID: 33329700 PMCID: PMC7714932 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.563166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the prime reasons for disability and death worldwide. Diseases and conditions, such as hypoxia, pressure overload, infection, and hyperglycemia, might initiate cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by inducing hypertrophy or apoptosis in cardiomyocytes and by promoting proliferation in cardiac fibroblasts. In the vascular system, injuries decrease the endothelial nitric oxide levels and affect the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. Understanding the underlying mechanisms will be helpful for the development of a precise therapeutic approach. Various microRNAs are involved in mediating multiple pathological and physiological processes in the heart. A cardiac enriched microRNA, miR-21, which is essential for cardiac homeostasis, has been demonstrated to act as a cell–cell messenger with diverse functions. This review describes the cell type–specific functions of miR-21 in different cardiovascular diseases and its prospects in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Dai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Nie
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Hengzhi Du
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanru Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongwei Yin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
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11
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Chung DJ, Wu YL, Yang MY, Chan KC, Lee HJ, Wang CJ. Nelumbo nucifera leaf polyphenol extract and gallic acid inhibit TNF-α-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration involving the regulation of miR-21, miR-143 and miR-145. Food Funct 2020; 11:8602-8611. [PMID: 33084700 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera leaf water extract (NLE) attenuates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rabbit atherosclerosis, but its mechanism of action and the relevant compounds remain unclear. Modulating the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) may be an enforceable strategy for atherosclerosis prevention. Therefore, we investigated the potential mechanisms of N. nucifera leaf polyphenol extract (NLPE) and its active ingredient gallic acid (GA) in VSMC proliferation and migration. A7r5 rat aortic VSMCs were provoked using 50 ng mL-1 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; the NLPE or GA reduced the TNF-α-induced migration by inhibiting the transforming protein RhoA/cell division cycle protein 42 pathway. The NLPE or GA suppressed the TNF-α-induced VSMC proliferation by inhibiting the Ras pathway and increasing the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), kinase suppressor of Ras 2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The NLPE or GA increased PTEN expression by downregulating microRNA (miR)-21 expression and reduced Ras and RhoA expression by upregulating miR-143 and miR-145 expression. The NLPE and GA use potentially prevents atherosclerosis by inhibiting the VSMC migration and proliferation. The mechanisms involve the regulation of the miRNA in PTEN, the Ras/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway, and Rho family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Jung Chung
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Liang Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Surgical Department, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Yuan Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chuan Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jane Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan. and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N Road, Taichung 40201, South District, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan. and Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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12
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Abels ER, Maas SLN, Nieland L, Wei Z, Cheah PS, Tai E, Kolsteeg CJ, Dusoswa SA, Ting DT, Hickman S, El Khoury J, Krichevsky AM, Broekman MLD, Breakefield XO. Glioblastoma-Associated Microglia Reprogramming Is Mediated by Functional Transfer of Extracellular miR-21. Cell Rep 2020; 28:3105-3119.e7. [PMID: 31533034 PMCID: PMC6817978 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are primary, diffusely infiltrating brain tumors. Microglia are innate immune cells in the CNS and make up a substantial portion of the tumor mass. Glioma cells shape their microenvironment, communicating with and reprogramming surrounding cells, resulting in enhanced angiogenesis, immune suppression, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Glioma cells communicate with microglia, in part by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs). Mouse glioma cells stably expressing a palmitoylated GFP to label EVs were implanted intracranially into syngeneic miR-21-null mice. Here, we demonstrate functional delivery of miR-21, regulating specific downstream mRNA targets in microglia after uptake of tumor-derived EVs. These findings attest to EV-dependent microRNA delivery as studied in an in vivo-based model and provide insight into the reprograming of microglial cells by tumor cells to create a favorable microenvironment for cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Abels
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Sybren L N Maas
- Department of Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Nieland
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pike See Cheah
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Eric Tai
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christy-Joy Kolsteeg
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sophie A Dusoswa
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunology Institute and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David T Ting
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Suzanne Hickman
- Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Joseph El Khoury
- Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Anna M Krichevsky
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, 2512 VA The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
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Karthika CL, Ahalya S, Radhakrishnan N, Kartha CC, Sumi S. Hemodynamics mediated epigenetic regulators in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:125-143. [PMID: 32844345 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium of blood vessels is continuously exposed to various hemodynamic forces. Flow-mediated epigenetic plasticity regulates vascular endothelial function. Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of mechanosensing-related epigenetics in localized endothelial dysfunction and the regional susceptibility for lesions in vascular diseases. In this article, we review the epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA de/methylation, histone modifications, as well as non-coding RNAs in promoting endothelial dysfunction in major arterial and venous diseases, consequent to hemodynamic alterations. We also discuss the current challenges and future prospects for the use of mechanoepigenetic mediators as biomarkers of early stages of vascular diseases and dysregulated mechanosensing-related epigenetic regulators as therapeutic targets in various vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Karthika
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - S Ahalya
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - N Radhakrishnan
- St.Thomas Institute of Research on Venous Diseases, Changanassery, Kerala, India
| | - C C Kartha
- Society for Continuing Medical Education & Research (SOCOMER), Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - S Sumi
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India.
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14
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MicroRNAs as sentinels and protagonists of carotid artery thromboembolism. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:169-192. [PMID: 31971230 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of serious disability in the world and a large number of ischemic strokes are due to thromboembolism from unstable carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque. As it is difficult to predict plaque rupture and surgical treatment of asymptomatic disease carries a risk of stroke, carotid disease continues to present major challenges with regard to clinical decision-making and revascularization. There is therefore an imminent need to better understand the molecular mechanisms governing plaque instability and rupture, as this would allow for the development of biomarkers to identify at-risk asymptomatic carotid plaque prior to disease progression and stroke. Further, it would aid in creation of therapeutics to stabilize carotid plaque. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated as key protagonists in various stages of atherosclerotic plaque initiation, development and rupture. Notably, they appear to play a crucial role in carotid artery thromboembolism. As the molecular pathways governing the role of miRNAs are being uncovered, we are learning that their involvement is complex, tissue- and stage-specific, and highly selective. Notably, miRNAs can be packaged and secreted in extracellular vesicles (EVs), where they participate in cell-cell communication. The measurement of EV-encapsulated miRNAs in the circulation may inform disease mechanisms occurring in the plaque itself, and therefore may serve as sentinels of unstable plaque as well as therapeutic targets.
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15
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Fasolo F, Di Gregoli K, Maegdefessel L, Johnson JL. Non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular cell biology and atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1732-1756. [PMID: 31389987 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis underlies the predominant number of cardiovascular diseases and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The development, progression and formation of clinically relevant atherosclerotic plaques involves the interaction of distinct and over-lapping mechanisms which dictate the roles and actions of multiple resident and recruited cell types including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and monocyte/macrophages. The discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, and their identification as key mechanistic regulators of mRNA and protein expression has piqued interest in their potential contribution to atherosclerosis. Accruing evidence has revealed ncRNAs regulate pivotal cellular and molecular processes during all stages of atherosclerosis including cell invasion, growth, and survival; cellular uptake and efflux of lipids, expression and release of pro- and anti-inflammatory intermediaries, and proteolytic balance. The expression profile of ncRNAs within atherosclerotic lesions and the circulation have been determined with the aim of identifying individual or clusters of ncRNAs which may be viable therapeutic targets alongside deployment as biomarkers of atherosclerotic plaque progression. Consequently, numerous in vivo studies have been convened to determine the effects of moderating the function or expression of select ncRNAs in well-characterized animal models of atherosclerosis. Together, clinicopathological findings and studies in animal models have elucidated the multifaceted and frequently divergent effects ncRNAs impose both directly and indirectly on the formation and progression of atherosclerosis. From these findings' potential novel therapeutic targets and strategies have been discovered which may pave the way for further translational studies and possibly taken forward for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fasolo
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar-Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, Munich, Germany
| | - Karina Di Gregoli
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar-Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, Munich, Germany.,Molecular Vascular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich (Munich Heart Alliance), Munich, Germany
| | - Jason L Johnson
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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16
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Baganha F, de Jong A, Jukema JW, Quax PHA, de Vries MR. The Role of Immunomodulation in Vein Graft Remodeling and Failure. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 14:100-109. [PMID: 32542547 PMCID: PMC7892738 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-10001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive arterial disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Venous bypass graft surgery is one of the most frequently used revascularization strategies despite its considerable short and long time failure rate. Due to vessel wall remodeling, inflammation, intimal hyperplasia, and accelerated atherosclerosis, vein grafts may (ultimately) fail to revascularize tissues downstream to occlusive atherosclerotic lesions. In the past decades, little has changed in the prevention of vein graft failure (VGF) although new insights in the role of innate and adaptive immunity in VGF have emerged. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of VGF, emphasizing the role of immune response and associated factors related to VG remodeling and failure. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic options that can improve patency based on data from both preclinical studies and the latest clinical trials. This review contributes to the insights in the role of immunomodulation in vein graft failure in humans. We describe the effects of immune cells and related factors in early (thrombosis), intermediate (inward remodeling and intimal hyperplasia), and late (intimal hyperplasia and accelerated atherosclerosis) failure based on both preclinical (mouse) models and clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Baganha
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alwin de Jong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet R de Vries
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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17
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Circulating exosomes from patients with peripheral artery disease influence vascular cell migration and contain distinct microRNA cargo. JVS Vasc Sci 2020; 1:28-41. [PMID: 32550603 PMCID: PMC7299234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation. Emerging literature suggests that circulating exosomes and their microRNA (miRNA) contents may influence atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling. We hypothesize that circulating exosomes in patients with PAD directly modulate vascular cell phenotype and contain proinflammatory miRNAs. Methods Exosomes (particle size, 30-150 nm) were isolated from plasma of healthy individuals (n = 6), patients with mild PAD (mPAD; median Rutherford class, 2.5; n = 6), and patients with severe PAD (sPAD; median Rutherford class, 4; n = 5). Exosome identity, size, and concentration were determined by Western blot and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Human vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and endothelial cell (EC) migration was assessed by a standard wound closure assay after exposure to exosome preparations. Monocyte-derived macrophages isolated from healthy volunteers were exposed to exosome preparations, and targeted gene expression was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Exosome miRNA cargos were isolated, and a panel of defined, vascular-active miRNAs was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results There was no difference in overall exosome particle concentration or size between the three groups (one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA], P > .05). Compared with exosomes from healthy individuals, exosomes from mPAD and sPAD patients increased VSMC migration (1.0 ± 0.09-fold vs 1.5 ± 0.09-fold vs 2.0 ± 0.12-fold wound closure; ANOVA, P < .0001) and inhibited EC migration (1.8 ± 0.07-fold vs 1.5 ± 0.04-fold vs 1.3 ± 0.02-fold wound closure; ANOVA, P < .01) in a stepwise fashion. Exosomes also induced changes in monocyte-derived macrophage gene expression that did not appear PAD specific. Hierarchical analysis of exosome miRNA revealed distinct clustering of vascular-active miRNAs between the three groups. Several miRNAs that promote inflammatory pathways in vascular cells were expressed at higher levels in exosomes from sPAD patients. Conclusions Circulating exosomes from individuals with PAD exert in vitro functional effects on VSMCs and ECs that may promote adverse vessel remodeling. Exosomes from healthy individuals, mPAD patients, and sPAD patients contain distinct signatures of immune-regulatory miRNA. Together these data suggest that the proinflammatory cargo of circulating exosomes correlates with atherosclerosis severity in PAD patients and could influence vascular injury and repair. Exosomes and their cargo have been implicated in several vascular remodeling processes including atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, and neointimal hyperplasia. In this study, we demonstrate that circulating exosomes from individuals with peripheral artery disease exert in vitro effects on vascular cells that may adversely affect vessel remodeling. Moreover, these exosomes contain elevated levels of vascular-active microRNA. Our results suggest that exosomes may serve as both biomarkers and effectors of vascular disease in patients with peripheral artery disease and motivate further investigation into the role of exosomes and their contents in aberrant remodeling in vascular diseases.
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18
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Reconstruction of a lncRNA-Associated ceRNA Network in Endothelial Cells under Circumferential Stress. Cardiol Res Pract 2020; 2020:1481937. [PMID: 32148949 PMCID: PMC7042510 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1481937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have highlighted that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) can indirectly regulate the expression of mRNAs by binding to microRNA (miRNA). LncRNA-associated ceRNA networks play a vital role in the initiation and progression of several pathological mechanisms. However, the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network in endothelial cells under cyclic stretch is seldom studied. Methods The miRNA, mRNA, and lncRNA expression profiles of 6 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under circumferential stress were obtained by next-generation sequencing (NGS). We identified the differential expression of miRNAs, mRNAs, and lncRNAs using the R software package GDCRNATools. Cytoscape was adopted to construct a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network. In addition, through GO and KEGG pathway annotations, we analyzed gene functions and their related pathways. We also adopted ELISA and TUNEL to investigate the effect of si-NEAT1 on endothelial inflammation and apoptosis. Results We recognized a total of 32978 lncRNAs, 1046 miRNAs, and 31958 mRNAs in 6 samples; among them, 155 different expressed lncRNAs, 74 different expressed miRNAs, and 960 different mRNAs were adopted. Based on the established theory, the ceRNA network was composed of 13 lncRNAs, 44 miRNAs, and 115 mRNAs. We constructed and visualized a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network, and the top 20 nodes are identified after calculating their degrees. The nodes with most degrees in three kinds of RNAs are hsa-miR-4739, NEAT1, and MAP3K2. Functional analysis showed that different biological processes enriched in biological regulation, response to stimulus and cell communication. Pathway analysis was mainly enriched in longevity regulating, cell cycle, mTOR, and FoxO signaling pathway. Circumferential stress can significantly downregulate NEAT1, and after transducing si-NEAT1 for 24 h, inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and MCP-1 were significantly increased; furthermore, fewer TUNEL-positive cells were found in the si-NEAT1 treated group. Conclusions The establishing of a ceRNA network can help further understand the mechanism of vein graft failure. Our data demonstrated that NEAT1 may be a core factor among the mechanical stress factors and that cyclic stress can significantly reduce expression of NEAT1, give rise to inflammation in the early stage of endothelial dysfunction, and promote EC apoptosis, which may play an essential role in vein graft failure.
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19
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Garoffolo G, Ruiter MS, Piola M, Brioschi M, Thomas AC, Agrifoglio M, Polvani G, Coppadoro L, Zoli S, Saccu C, Spinetti G, Banfi C, Fiore GB, Madeddu P, Soncini M, Pesce M. Coronary artery mechanics induces human saphenous vein remodelling via recruitment of adventitial myofibroblast-like cells mediated by Thrombospondin-1. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2597-2611. [PMID: 32194822 PMCID: PMC7052885 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Despite the preferred application of arterial conduits, the greater saphenous vein (SV) remains indispensable for coronary bypass grafting (CABG), especially in multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD). The objective of the present work was to address the role of mechanical forces in the activation of maladaptive vein bypass remodeling, a process determining progressive occlusion and recurrence of ischemic heart disease. Methods: We employed a custom bioreactor to mimic the coronary shear and wall mechanics in human SV vascular conduits and reproduce experimentally the biomechanical conditions of coronary grafting and analyzed vein remodeling process by histology, histochemistry and immunofluorescence. We also subjected vein-derived cells to cyclic uniaxial mechanical stimulation in culture, followed by phenotypic and molecular characterization using RNA and proteomic methods. We finally validated our results in vitro and using a model of SV carotid interposition in pigs. Results: Exposure to pulsatile flow determined a remodeling process of the vascular wall involving reduction in media thickness. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) underwent conversion from contractile to synthetic phenotype. A time-dependent increase in proliferating cells expressing mesenchymal (CD44) and early SMC (SM22α) markers, apparently recruited from the SV adventitia, was observed especially in CABG-stimulated vessels. Mechanically stimulated SMCs underwent transition from contractile to synthetic phenotype. MALDI-TOF-based secretome analysis revealed a consistent release of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a matricellular protein involved in TGF-β-dependent signaling. TSP-1 had a direct chemotactic effect on SV adventitia resident progenitors (SVPs); this effects was inhibited by blocking TSP-1 receptor CD47. The involvement of TSP-1 in adventitial progenitor cells differentiation and graft intima hyperplasia was finally contextualized in the TGF-β-dependent pathway, and validated in a saphenous vein into carotid interposition pig model. Conclusions: Our results provide the evidence of a matricellular mechanism involved in the human vein arterialization process controlled by alterations in tissue mechanics, and open the way to novel potential strategies to block VGD progression based on targeting cell mechanosensing-related effectors.
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The Role of MicroRNA-21 in Venous Neointimal Hyperplasia: Implications for Targeting miR-21 for VNH Treatment. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1681-1693. [PMID: 31326400 PMCID: PMC6731518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of hemodialysis access arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure due to venous neointimal hyperplasia (VNH) is not known. The role of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in VNH associated with AVF failure was investigated by performing in vivo and in vitro experiments. In situ hybridization results revealed that miR-21 expression increased and was associated with fibroblasts in failed AVFs from patients. In a murine AVF model, qRT-PCR gene expression results showed a significant increase in miR-21 and a decrease in miR-21 target genes in graft veins (GVs) compared to contralateral veins in mouse AVF. miR-21 knockdown in GVs was performed using a lentivirus-mediated small hairpin RNA (shRNA), and this improved AVF patency with a decrease in neointima compared to control GVs. Moreover, loss of miR-21 in GVs significantly decreased the Tgfβ1, Col-Ia, and Col-Iva genes. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a significant decrease in myofibroblasts and proliferation with an increase in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining in miR-21-knockdown vessels, along with a decrease in hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and phospho-SMAD2 (pSMAD-2) and phospho-SMAD3 (pSMAD-3) and an increase in phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) staining. Hypoxic fibroblast knockdown for miR-21 showed a significant decrease in Tgfβ-1 expression and pSMAD-2 and -3 levels and a decrease in myofibroblasts. These results indicate that miR-21 upregulation causes VNH formation by fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation.
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21
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Wang Z, Zhu H, Shi H, Zhao H, Gao R, Weng X, Liu R, Li X, Zou Y, Hu K, Sun A, Ge J. Exosomes derived from M1 macrophages aggravate neointimal hyperplasia following carotid artery injuries in mice through miR-222/CDKN1B/CDKN1C pathway. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:422. [PMID: 31142732 PMCID: PMC6541659 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of M1 macrophages (M1M)-derived exosomes in the progression of neointimal hyperplasia remains unclear now. Using a transwell co-culture system, we demonstrated that M1M contributed to functional change of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). We further stimulated VSMCs with exosomes isolated from M1M. Our results demonstrated that these exosomes could be taken up by VSMCs through macropinocytosis. Using a microRNA array assay, we identified that miR-222 originated from M1M-derived exosomes triggered the functional changes of VSMCs. In addition, we confirmed that miR-222 played a key role in promoting VSMCs proliferation and migration by targeting Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) and Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C) in vitro. In vivo, M1M-derived exosomes significantly aggravated neointima formation following carotid artery ligation injury and wire injury and these effects were partly abolished by miR-222 inhibitor 2′OMe-miR-222. Our findings thus suggest that exosomes derived from M1M could aggravate neointimal hyperplasia through delivering miR-222 into VSMCs. Future studies are warranted to validate if the post-injury vascular neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis could be attenuated by inhibiting miR-222.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongtao Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, LiShui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, ZheJiang, China
| | - Rifeng Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinyu Weng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongle Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.
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22
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Lai WF, Lin M, Wong WT. Tackling Aging by Using miRNA as a Target and a Tool. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:673-684. [PMID: 31126873 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
miRNA is a class of short noncoding RNA that regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Evidence of age-associated changes in miRNA expression has been collected in models ranging from nematodes to humans; however, there has been little discussion of how to turn our knowledge of miRNA biology into antiaging therapy. This opinion article provides a snapshot of our current understanding of the roles of miRNA in modulating the aging process. We discuss major chemical techniques for modifying the miRNA structure as well as developing delivery systems for intervention. Finally, technical needs to be met for bench-to-clinic translation of miRNA-based interventions are highlighted for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Marie Lin
- Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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23
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Kumar S, Williams D, Sur S, Wang JY, Jo H. Role of flow-sensitive microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 114:76-92. [PMID: 30300747 PMCID: PMC6905428 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the primary underlying cause of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and peripheral artery disease. The disease preferentially occurs in arterial regions exposed to disturbed blood flow, in part, by altering expression of flow-sensitive coding- and non-coding genes. In this review, we summarize the role of noncoding RNAs, [microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)], as regulators of gene expression and outline their relationship to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. While miRNAs are small noncoding genes that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA transcripts, the lncRNAs regulate gene expression by diverse mechanisms, which are still emerging and incompletely understood. We focused on multiple flow-sensitive miRNAs such as, miR-10a, -19a, -23b, -17~92, -21, -663, -92a, -143/145, -101, -126, -712, -205, and -155 that play a critical role in endothelial function and atherosclerosis by targeting inflammation, cell cycle, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and nitric oxide signaling. Flow-dependent regulation of lncRNAs is just emerging, and their role in vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis is unknown. Here, we discuss the flow-sensitive lncRNA STEEL along with other lncRNAs studied in the context of vascular pathophysiology and atherosclerosis such as MALAT1, MIAT1, ANRIL, MYOSLID, MEG3, SENCR, SMILR, LISPR1, and H19. Also discussed is the use of these noncoding RNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutics to reduce and regress atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Darian Williams
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Sanjoli Sur
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jun-Yao Wang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, USA; Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
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Fuschi P, Maimone B, Gaetano C, Martelli F. Noncoding RNAs in the Vascular System Response to Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:992-1010. [PMID: 28683564 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Redox homeostasis plays a pivotal role in vascular cell function and its imbalance has a causal role in a variety of vascular diseases. Accordingly, the response of mammalian cells to redox cues requires precise transcriptional and post-transcriptional modulation of gene expression patterns. Recent Advances: Mounting evidence shows that nonprotein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important for the functional regulation of most, if not all, cellular processes and tissues. Not surprisingly, a prominent role of ncRNAs has been identified also in the vascular system response to oxidative stress. CRITICAL ISSUES The highly heterogeneous family of ncRNAs has been divided into several groups. In this article we focus on two classes of regulatory ncRNAs: microRNAs and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs). Although knowledge in many circumstances, and especially for lncRNAs, is still fragmentary, ncRNAs are clinically interesting because of their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. We outline ncRNAs that are regulated by oxidative stress as well as ncRNAs that modulate reactive oxygen species production and scavenging. More importantly, we describe the role of these ncRNAs in vascular physiopathology and specifically in disease conditions wherein oxidative stress plays a crucial role, such as hypoxia and ischemia, ischemia reperfusion, inflammation, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The therapeutic potential of ncRNAs in vascular diseases and in redox homeostasis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fuschi
- 1 Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Biagina Maimone
- 1 Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- 2 Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fabio Martelli
- 1 Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
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Li Q, Zeng F, Lyu N, Liang J. Highly sensitive and specific electrochemical biosensor for microRNA-21 detection by coupling catalytic hairpin assembly with rolling circle amplification. Analyst 2019; 143:2304-2309. [PMID: 29675521 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00437d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA plays a significant role in gene regulation and is usually regarded as an important biological marker. Electrochemical biosensors are excellent tools for microRNA detection. METHODS In this experiment, we take miRNA-21 as a target, combining catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and rolling circle amplification (RCA) as a dual signal amplification strategy for the detection of microRNA in an electrochemical biosensor. RESULTS This strategy has a good linear range of 0.5-12 500 pmol of microRNA. The limit of detection (LOD) for miRNA is as low as 290 fmol, showing excellent performance. Finally, this method has been successfully applied to the detection of miRNA-21 from HeLa cells. CONCLUSION This method can be applied not only for microRNA detection with high sensitivity and speed, but can also detect small molecules and proteins combined with aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
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26
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Pinel K, Diver LA, White K, McDonald RA, Baker AH. Substantial Dysregulation of miRNA Passenger Strands Underlies the Vascular Response to Injury. Cells 2019; 8:E83. [PMID: 30678104 PMCID: PMC6406808 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dedifferentiation is a common feature of vascular disorders leading to pro-migratory and proliferative phenotypes, a process induced through growth factor and cytokine signaling cascades. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that small non-coding RNAs (miRNAs) can induce phenotypic effects on VSMCs in response to vessel injury. However, most studies have focused on the contribution of individual miRNAs. Our study aimed to conduct a detailed and unbiased analysis of both guide and passenger miRNA expression in vascular cells in vitro and disease models in vivo. We analyzed 100 miRNA stem loops by TaqMan Low Density Array (TLDA) from primary VSMCs in vitro. Intriguingly, we found that a larger proportion of the passenger strands was significantly dysregulated compared to the guide strands after exposure to pathological stimuli, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and IL-1α. Similar findings were observed in response to injury in porcine vein grafts and stent models in vivo. In these studies, we reveal that the miRNA passenger strands are predominantly dysregulated in response to vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Pinel
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Louise A Diver
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Katie White
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Robert A McDonald
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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Low EL, Baker AH, Bradshaw AC. TGFβ, smooth muscle cells and coronary artery disease: a review. Cell Signal 2019; 53:90-101. [PMID: 30227237 PMCID: PMC6293316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis are key events in the development of intimal hyperplasia, a pathophysiological response to acute or chronic sources of vascular damage that can lead to occlusive narrowing of the vessel lumen. Atherosclerosis, the primary cause of coronary artery disease, is characterised by chronic vascular inflammation and dyslipidemia, while revascularisation surgeries such as coronary stenting and bypass grafting represent acute forms of vascular injury. Gene knockouts of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), its receptors and downstream signalling proteins have demonstrated the importance of this pleiotropic cytokine during vasculogenesis and in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Dysregulated TGFβ signalling is a hallmark of many vascular diseases, and has been associated with the induction of pathological vascular cell phenotypes, fibrosis and ECM remodelling. Here we present an overview of TGFβ signalling in SMCs, highlighting the ways in which this multifaceted cytokine regulates SMC behaviour and phenotype in cardiovascular diseases driven by intimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Low
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Angela C Bradshaw
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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Hung J, Miscianinov V, Sluimer JC, Newby DE, Baker AH. Targeting Non-coding RNA in Vascular Biology and Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1655. [PMID: 30524312 PMCID: PMC6262071 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Only recently have we begun to appreciate the importance and complexity of the non-coding genome, owing in some part to truly significant advances in genomic technology such as RNA sequencing and genome-wide profiling studies. Previously thought to be non-functional transcriptional “noise,” non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are now known to play important roles in many diverse biological pathways, not least in vascular disease. While microRNAs (miRNA) are known to regulate protein-coding gene expression principally through mRNA degradation, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can activate and repress genes by a variety of mechanisms at both transcriptional and translational levels. These versatile molecules, with complex secondary structures, may interact with chromatin, proteins, and other RNA to form complexes with an array of functional consequences. A body of emerging evidence indicates that both classes of ncRNAs regulate multiple physiological and pathological processes in vascular physiology and disease. While dozens of miRNAs are now implicated and described in relative mechanistic depth, relatively fewer lncRNAs are well described. However, notable examples include ANRIL, SMILR, and SENCR in vascular smooth muscle cells; MALAT1 and GATA-6S in endothelial cells; and mitochondrial lncRNA LIPCAR as a powerful biomarker. Due to such ubiquitous involvement in pathology and well-known biogenesis and functional genetics, novel miRNA-based therapies and delivery methods are now in development, including some early stage clinical trials. Although lncRNAs may hold similar potential, much more needs to be understood about their relatively complex molecular behaviours before realistic translation into novel therapies. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanism and function of ncRNA, focusing on miRNAs and lncRNAs in vascular disease and atherosclerosis. We discuss existing therapies and current delivery methods, emphasising the importance of miRNAs and lncRNAs as effectors and biomarkers in vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hung
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Deanery of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vladislav Miscianinov
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - David E Newby
- Deanery of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Wu CC, Chen LJ, Hsieh MY, Lo CM, Lin MH, Tsai HE, Song HL, Chiu JJ. MicroRNA-21 and Venous Neointimal Hyperplasia of Dialysis Vascular Access. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13:1712-1720. [PMID: 30242025 PMCID: PMC6237050 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.02410218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is increasing evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in the regulation of neointima formation. However, the translational evidence of the role of miRNAs in dialysis vascular access is limited. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS miRNA expression in tissues was assessed by using venous tissues harvested from ten patients on dialysis who received revision or removal surgery, and ten patients who were predialysis and received creation surgery of arteriovenous fistulas served as controls. To extend these findings, 60 patients who received angioplasty of dialysis access were enrolled and the levels of circulating miRNAs were determined before and 2 days after angioplasty. Clinical follow-up was continued monthly for 6 months. The primary outcome of angioplasty cohort was target lesion restenosis within 6 months after angioplasty. RESULTS In the surgery cohort, the expressions of miR-21, miR-130a, and miR-221 were upregulated in stenotic tissues, whereas those of miR-133 and miR-145 were downregulated. In situ hybridization revealed similar expression patterns of these miRNAs, localized predominantly in the neointima region. Twenty eight patients in the angioplasty cohort developed restenosis within 6 months. The levels of circulating miR-21, miR-130a, miR-221, miR-133, and miR-145 significantly increased 2 days after angioplasty. Kaplan-Meier plots showed that patients with an increase of miR-21 expression level >0.35 have a higher risk of patency loss (hazard ratio, 4.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.68 to 11.7). In a multivariable analysis, postangioplasty increase of miR-21 expression was independently associated with restenosis (hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.35 per one unit increase of miR-21 expression level; P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Certain miRNAs are differentially expressed in the stenotic venous segments of dialysis accesses. An increase in blood miR-21 level with angioplasty is associated with a higher risk of restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Wu
- Cardiovascular Center
- College of Medicine and
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jing Chen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; and
| | | | - Chien-Ming Lo
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Ming-Hsien Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Hsiao-En Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Hsiang-Lin Song
- Department of Surgical Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jiann Chiu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; and
- College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Johnson JL. Elucidating the contributory role of microRNA to cardiovascular diseases (a review). Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 114:31-48. [PMID: 30389614 PMCID: PMC6445803 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases encompassing atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysms, restenosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In response to a range of stimuli, the dynamic interplay between biochemical and biomechanical mechanisms affect the behaviour and function of multiple cell types, driving the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Accumulating evidence has highlighted microRNAs (miRs) as significant regulators and micro-managers of key cellular and molecular pathophysiological processes involved in predominant cardiovascular diseases, including cell mitosis, motility and viability, lipid metabolism, generation of inflammatory mediators, and dysregulated proteolysis. Human pathological and clinical studies have aimed to identify select microRNA which may serve as biomarkers of disease and their progression, which are discussed within this review. In addition, I provide comprehensive coverage of in vivo investigations elucidating the modulation of distinct microRNA on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysms, restenosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Collectively, clinical and animal studies have begun to unravel the complex and often diverse effects microRNAs and their targets impart during the development of cardiovascular diseases and revealed promising therapeutic strategies through which modulation of microRNA function may be applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Johnson
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK.
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31
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Donaldson CJ, Lao KH, Zeng L. The salient role of microRNAs in atherogenesis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 122:98-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hijmans JG, Diehl KJ, Bammert TD, Kavlich PJ, Lincenberg GM, Greiner JJ, Stauffer BL, DeSouza CA. Association between hypertension and circulating vascular-related microRNAs. J Hum Hypertens 2018; 32:440-447. [PMID: 29615793 PMCID: PMC6026553 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-018-0061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) have a key role in regulating inflammation, vascular health and in turn, cardiovascular disease. Specifically, altered circulating expression of miR-17, miR-21, miR-34a, miR-92a, miR-126, miR-145, miR-146a, and miR-150 has been linked with the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether the circulating profile of these vascular-related miRNAs is disrupted with hypertension. Thirty sedentary, middle-aged adults were studied: 15 normotensive (10M/5F; age: 56 ± 1 year; BP: 113/71 ± 2/1 mmHg) and 15 hypertensive (10M/5F; 56 ± 2 year; 140/87 ± 2/2 mmHg). All subjects were non-obese and free of other cardiometabolic disorders. Circulating miRNAs were determined in plasma using standard RT-PCR techniques with miRNA primers of interest. Expression was normalized to exogenous C. elegans miR-39 and reported as relative expression in arbitrary units (AU). Circulating expression of miR-34a (9.18 ± 0.94 vs 5.33 ± 0.91 AU) was higher (~170%; P < 0.01) whereas the expression of miR-21 (1.32 ± 0.25 vs 2.50 ± 0.29 AU), miR-126 (0.85 ± 0.10 vs 1.74 ± 0.27 AU) and miR-146a (1.50 ± 0.20 vs 3.10 ± 0.50 AU) were markedly lower (~50%, ~55%, and ~55% respectively; P < 0.05) in the hypertensive vs normotensive groups. Moreover, circulating levels of miR-34a, miR-21, and miR-126 were significantly related to systolic blood pressure (r = 0.48, r = -0.38; r = -0.48); whereas, miR-146a was significantly related to both systolic (r = -0.58) and diastolic (r = -0.55) blood pressure. There were no significant group differences in circulating miR-17, miR-92a, miR-145, and miR-150. In summary, these results suggest that hypertension, independent of other cardiometabolic risk factors, adversely affects the circulating profile of a subset of vascular-related miRNAs that have been link to CVD risk and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie G Hijmans
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Kyle J Diehl
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Tyler D Bammert
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Philip J Kavlich
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Grace M Lincenberg
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, 80262, USA
- Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, 80262, USA.
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Dong R, Zhang K, Wang YL, Zhang F, Cao J, Zheng JB, Zhang HJ. MiR-551b-5p Contributes to Pathogenesis of Vein Graft Failure via Upregulating Early Growth Response-1 Expression. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018. [PMID: 28639574 PMCID: PMC5494922 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.208246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vein graft failure (VGF) is a serious complication of coronary artery bypass graft, although the mechanism remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate the effects of microRNAs (miRNAs) on the endothelial dysfunction involved in VGF. Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to mechanical stretch stimulation to induce endothelial dysfunction. Genome-wide transcriptome profiling was performed using the Human miRNA OneArray® V4 (PhalanxBio Inc., San Diego, USA). The miRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) network was investigated using gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The miR-551b-5p mimic and inhibitor were applied to regulate miR-551b-5p expression in the HUVECs. The 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blotting (WB) were used to assess HUVECs proliferation, mRNA expression, and protein expression, respectively. The vein graft model was established in early growth response (Egr)-1 knockout (KO) mice and wide-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice for pathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Endothelial cells isolated from the veins of WT and Egr-1 KO mice were subjected to mechanical stretch stimulation; PCR and WB were conducted to confirm the regulatory effect of Egr-1 on Intercellular adhesion molecule (Icam-1). One-way analysis of variance and independent t-test were performed for data analysis. Results: Thirty-eight miRNAs were differentially expressed in HUVECs after mechanical stretch stimulation. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that Egr-1 might be involved in VGF and was a potential target gene of miR-551b-5p. The mechanical stretch stimulation increased miR-551b-5p expression by 2.93 ± 0.08 fold (t = 3.07, P < 0.05), compared with the normal HUVECs. Transfection with the miR-551b-5p mimic or inhibitor increased expression of miR-551b-5p by 793.1 ± 171.6 fold (t = 13.84, P < 0.001) or decreased by 26.3% ± 2.4% (t = 26.39, P < 0.05) in the HUVECs, respectively. HUVECs proliferation and EGR-1 mRNA expression were significantly suppressed by inhibiting miR-551b-5p expression (P < 0.05). The lumens of the vein grafts in the Egr-1 KO mice were wider than that in the WT mice. Icam-1 expression was suppressed significantly in the Egr-1 KO vein grafts (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Increased miR-551b-5p expression leads to endothelial dysfunction by upregulating Egr-1 expression. EGR-1 KO can improve the function of a grafted vein through suppressing Icam-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Dong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yue-Li Wang
- Department of Ultrasonics, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Bioinfomatics, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ju-Bing Zheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong-Jia Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education; Beijing Aortic Disease Center, Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Beijing 100029, China
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Alshanwani AR, Riches-Suman K, O'Regan DJ, Wood IC, Turner NA, Porter KE. MicroRNA-21 drives the switch to a synthetic phenotype in human saphenous vein smooth muscle cells. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:649-657. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliah R. Alshanwani
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC), University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - Kirsten Riches-Suman
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences; University of Bradford; Bradford UK
| | - David J. O'Regan
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC), University of Leeds; Leeds UK
- Department of Cardiac Surgery; The Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary; Leeds UK
| | - Ian C. Wood
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - Neil A. Turner
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC), University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - Karen E. Porter
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC), University of Leeds; Leeds UK
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35
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Barwari T, Rienks M, Mayr M. MicroRNA-21 and the Vulnerability of Atherosclerotic Plaques. Mol Ther 2018; 26:938-940. [PMID: 29571964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Temo Barwari
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marieke Rienks
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
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36
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Macrophage-stimulated microRNA expression in mural cells promotes transplantation-induced neointima formation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30100-30111. [PMID: 28415796 PMCID: PMC5444729 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we tested the possibility that macrophages might contribute to neointima formation by stimulating microRNA expressions in mural cells. Thoracic aortas from F344 rats were transplanted into recipient Lewis rats. Clodronate liposome was used for in vivo macrophage depletion. Using miR-21 as a prototypic example of vascular enriched microRNA, we showed that macrophage depletion reduced the expression level of miR-21, which was upregulated in the allograft. This effect of macrophage depletion was accompanied by attenuations in neointimal hyperplasia and transplantation-induced vascular inflammation. Using in vitro assays, we identified that macrophages might stimulate miR-21 expression in smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts via the release of tumor necrosis factor-α. We also showed that silencing of miR-21 suppressed tumor necrosis factor-induced proliferation, migration, and inflammatory responses in mural cells. Our results suggest that macrophage may promote transplantation-induced neointima formation by stimulating miR-21 expression in vascular mural cells, which promotes mural cell proliferation, migration and/or inflammation. Moreover, we have established that tumor necrosis factor-α has a major role in mediating this paracrine process.
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37
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Wang J, Wang Y, Wang J, Guo X, Chan EC, Jiang F. Adventitial Activation in the Pathogenesis of Injury-Induced Arterial Remodeling: Potential Implications in Transplant Vasculopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:838-845. [PMID: 29341889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transplant vasculopathy is one of the major causes of chronic rejection after solid organ transplantation. The pathogenic mechanisms of transplant vasculopathy are still poorly understood. Herein, we summarize current evidence suggesting that activation of the tunica adventitia may be involved in the pathogenesis of transplant vasculopathy. Adventitia is an early responder to various vascular injuries and plays an integral role in eliciting vascular inflammation and remodeling. Accumulation of macrophages in the adventitia promotes the development of vascular remodeling by releasing a variety of paracrine factors that have profound impacts on vascular mural cells. Targeting adventitial macrophages has been shown to be effective for repressing transplantation-induced arterial remodeling in animal models. Adventitia also fosters angiogenesis, and neovascularization of the adventitial layer may facilitate the transport of inflammatory cells through the arterial wall. Further investigations are warranted to clarify whether inhibiting adventitial oxidative stress and/or adventitial neovascularization are better strategies for preventing transplant vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaosun Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Elsa C Chan
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research (Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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38
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Upregulation of miR-126-3p promotes human saphenous vein endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and prevents vein graft neointimal formation ex vivo and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106790-106806. [PMID: 29290989 PMCID: PMC5739774 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor long-term patency of vein grafts remains an obstacle in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery using an autologous saphenous vein graft. Recent studies have revealed that miR-126-3p promotes vascular integrity and angiogenesis. We aimed to identify the role of miR-126-3p in the setting of vein graft disease and investigate the value of miR-126-3p agomir as a future gene therapy in vein graft failure. Expression analysis of circulating miR-126-3p in plasma from CABG patients established the basic clues that miR-126-3p participates in CABG. The in vitro results indicated that elevated miR-126-3p expression significantly improved proliferation and migration in human saphenous vein endothelial cells (HSVECs) by targeting sprouty-related protein-1 (SPRED-1) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 (PIK3R2), but not in human saphenous vein smooth muscle cells (HSVSMCs). Moreover, the therapeutic potential of miR-126-3p agomir was demonstrated in cultured human saphenous vein (HSV) ex vivo. Finally, local delivery of miR-126-3p agomir was confirmed to enhance reendothelialization and attenuate neointimal formation in a rat vein arterialization model. In conclusion, we provide evidence that upregulation of miR-126-3p by agomir possesses potential clinical value in the prevention and treatment of autologous vein graft restenosis in CABG.
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Huang K, Bao H, Yan ZQ, Wang L, Zhang P, Yao QP, Shi Q, Chen XH, Wang KX, Shen BR, Qi YX, Jiang ZL. MicroRNA-33 protects against neointimal hyperplasia induced by arterial mechanical stretch in the grafted vein. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:488-497. [PMID: 28137944 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Mechanical factors play significant roles in neointimal hyperplasia after vein grafting, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the roles of microRNA-33 (miR-33) in neointimal hyperplasia induced by arterial mechanical stretch after vein grafting. Methods and results Grafted veins were generated by the 'cuff' technique. Neointimal hyperplasia and cell proliferation was significantly increased, and miR-33 expression was decreased after 1-, 2-, and 4-week grafts. In contrast, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 3 (BMP3), which is a putative target of miR-33, and the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad5, which are potential downstream targets of BMP3, were increased in the grafted veins. miR-33 mimics/inhibitor and dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed the interaction of miR-33 and BMP3. miR-33 mimics attenuated, while miR-33 inhibitor accelerated, proliferation of venous smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Moreover, recombinant BMP3 increased SMC proliferation and P-smad2 and P-smad5 levels, whereas BMP3-directed siRNAs had the opposite effect. Then, venous SMCs were exposed to a 10%-1.25 Hz cyclic stretch (arterial stretch) by using the FX4000 cyclic stretch loading system in vitro to mimic arterial mechanical conditions. The arterial stretch increased venous SMC proliferation and repressed miR-33 expression, but enhanced BMP3 expression and smad2 and smad5 phosphorylation. Furthermore, perivascular multi-point injection in vivo demonstrated that agomiR-33 not only attenuates BMP3 expression and smad2 and smad5 phosphorylation, but also slows neointimal formation and cell proliferation in grafted veins. These effects of agomiR-33 on grafted veins could be reversed by local injection of BMP3 lentivirus. Conclusion The miR-33-BMP3-smad signalling pathway protects against venous SMC proliferation in response to the arterial stretch. miR-33 is a target that attenuates neointimal hyperplasia in grafted vessels and may have potential clinical applications.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Animals
- Antagomirs/genetics
- Antagomirs/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Hyperplasia
- Jugular Veins/metabolism
- Jugular Veins/pathology
- Jugular Veins/transplantation
- Male
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/transplantation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/transplantation
- Neointima
- Phosphorylation
- RNA Interference
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Smad2 Protein/metabolism
- Smad5 Protein/metabolism
- Stress, Mechanical
- Time Factors
- Transfection
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Elia L, Quintavalle M. Epigenetics and Vascular Diseases: Influence of Non-coding RNAs and Their Clinical Implications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:26. [PMID: 28497038 PMCID: PMC5406412 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to heritable mechanisms able to modulate gene expression that do not involve alteration of the genomic DNA sequence. Classically, mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications were part of this classification. Today, this field of study has been expanded and includes also the large class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Indeed, with the extraordinary possibilities introduced by the next-generation sequencing approaches, our knowledge of the mammalian transcriptome has greatly improved. Today, we have identifying thousands of ncRNAs, and unsurprisingly, a direct association between ncRNA dysregulation and development of cardiovascular pathologies has been identified. This class of gene modulators is further divided into short-ncRNAs and long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Among the short-ncRNA sub-group, the best-characterized players are represented by highly conserved RNAs named microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs principally inhibit gene expression, and their involvement in cardiovascular diseases has been largely studied. On the other hand, due to the different roles played by lncRNAs, their involvement in cardiovascular pathology development is still limited, and further studies are needed. For instance, in order to define their roles in the cellular processes associated with the development of diseases, we need to better characterize the details of their mechanisms of action; only then might we be able to develop innovative therapeutic strategies. In this review, we would like to give an overview of the current knowledge on the function of ncRNAs and their involvement in the development of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Elia
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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41
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He S, Zhong W, Yin L, Wang Y, Qiu Z, Song G. High expression of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 39 is associated with the development of vascular remodeling. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2567-2573. [PMID: 28447728 PMCID: PMC5428656 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is the primary cause underlying the failure of angioplasty surgeries, including vascular stenting, transplant vasculopathy and vein grafts. Multiple restenosis‑associated proteins and genes have been identified to account for this. In the present study, the functions of ubiquitin‑specific peptidase 39 (USP39) were investigated in the context of two vascular remodeling models (a mouse common carotid artery ligation and a pig bilateral saphenous vein‑carotid artery interposition graft). USP39 has previously been observed to be upregulated in ligated arteries, and this result was confirmed in the pig vein graft model. In addition, Transwell assay results demonstrated that vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration was suppressed by lentiviral vector‑mediated downregulation of USP39 and enhanced by upregulation of USP39. Furthermore, knockdown of USP39 inhibited VSMC cell proliferation and the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin‑dependent kinase 4, as analyzed via cell counting, MTT assay and western blotting. These results suggest that USP39 may represent a novel therapeutic target for treating vascular injury and preventing vein-graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai He
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Zhibing Qiu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Gang Song
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are becoming fundamentally important in the pathophysiology relating to injury-induced vascular remodelling. We highlight recent studies that demonstrate the involvement of ncRNAs in vein graft disease, in in-stent restenosis and in pulmonary arterial hypertension, with a particular focus on endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle cell function. We also briefly discuss the emerging role of exosomal-derived ncRNAs and how this mechanism impacts on vascular function. RECENT FINDINGS ncRNAs have been described as novel regulators in the pathophysiology of vascular injury, inflammation, and vessel wall remodelling. In particular, several studies have demonstrated that manipulation of miRNAs can reduce the burden of pathological vascular remodelling. Such studies have also shown that exosomal miRNA-mediated, cell-to-cell communication between endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells is critical in the disease process. In addition to miRNAs, lncRNAs are emerging as regulators of vascular function in health and disease. Although lncRNAs are complex in both their sheer numbers and mechanisms of action, identifying their contribution to vascular disease is essential. SUMMARY Given the important roles of ncRNAs in vascular injury and remodelling together will their capacity for cell-to-cell communication, manipulating ncRNA might provide novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Deng
- aBHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow bCentre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, BHF/University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Gadde S, Rayner KJ. Nanomedicine Meets microRNA: Current Advances in RNA-Based Nanotherapies for Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:e73-9. [PMID: 27559146 PMCID: PMC5421623 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for almost half of all deaths worldwide and has now surpassed infectious disease as the leading cause of death and disability in developing countries. At present, therapies such as low-density lipoprotein-lowering statins and antihypertensive drugs have begun to bend the morality curve for coronary artery disease (CAD); yet, as we come to appreciate the more complex pathophysiological processes in the vessel wall, there is an opportunity to fine-tune therapies to more directly target mechanisms that drive CAD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified that control vascular cell homeostasis,(1-3) lipoprotein metabolism,(4-9) and inflammatory cell function.(10) Despite the importance of these miRNAs in driving atherosclerosis and vascular dysfunction, therapeutic modulation of miRNAs in a cell- and context-specific manner has been a challenge. In this review, we summarize the emergence of miRNA-based therapies as an approach to treat CAD by specifically targeting the pathways leading to the disease. We focus on the latest development of nanoparticles (NPs) as a means to specifically target the vessel wall and what the future of these nanomedicines may hold for the treatment of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Gadde
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada (S.G., K.J.R.); and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (K.J.R.).
| | - Katey J Rayner
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada (S.G., K.J.R.); and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (K.J.R.).
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Moore KJ, Rayner KJ. Local Anti-miR Delivery: The Latest in the Arsenal of Drug-Eluting Stents. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1905-6. [PMID: 26310808 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Moore
- From the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York (K.J.M.); and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (K.J.R.)
| | - Katey J Rayner
- From the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York (K.J.M.); and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (K.J.R.).
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Mcdonald RA, Pinel K, Baker AH. Micro(RNA) management of smooth muscle cell phenotype and response to vascular injury. Cardiovasc Res 2015. [PMID: 26224571 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Mcdonald
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Karine Pinel
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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Reducing In-Stent Restenosis: Therapeutic Manipulation of miRNA in Vascular Remodeling and Inflammation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:2314-27. [PMID: 26022821 PMCID: PMC4444526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Drug-eluting stents reduce the incidence of in-stent restenosis, but they result in delayed arterial healing and are associated with a chronic inflammatory response and hypersensitivity reactions. Identifying novel interventions to enhance wound healing and reduce the inflammatory response may improve long-term clinical outcomes. Micro–ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are noncoding small ribonucleic acids that play a prominent role in the initiation and resolution of inflammation after vascular injury. Objectives This study sought to identify miRNA regulation and function after implantation of bare-metal and drug-eluting stents. Methods Pig, mouse, and in vitro models were used to investigate the role of miRNA in in-stent restenosis. Results We documented a subset of inflammatory miRNAs activated after stenting in pigs, including the miR-21 stem loop miRNAs. Genetic ablation of the miR-21 stem loop attenuated neointimal formation in mice post-stenting. This occurred via enhanced levels of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages coupled with an impaired sensitivity of smooth muscle cells to respond to vascular activation. Conclusions MiR-21 plays a prominent role in promoting vascular inflammation and remodeling after stent injury. MiRNA-mediated modulation of the inflammatory response post-stenting may have therapeutic potential to accelerate wound healing and enhance the clinical efficacy of stenting.
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Wang D, Deuse T, Stubbendorff M, Chernogubova E, Erben RG, Eken SM, Jin H, Li Y, Busch A, Heeger CH, Behnisch B, Reichenspurner H, Robbins RC, Spin JM, Tsao PS, Schrepfer S, Maegdefessel L. Local MicroRNA Modulation Using a Novel Anti-miR-21-Eluting Stent Effectively Prevents Experimental In-Stent Restenosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1945-53. [PMID: 26183619 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite advances in stent technology for vascular interventions, in-stent restenosis (ISR) because of myointimal hyperplasia remains a major complication. APPROACH AND RESULTS We investigated the regulatory role of microRNAs in myointimal hyperplasia/ISR, using a humanized animal model in which balloon-injured human internal mammary arteries with or without stenting were transplanted into Rowett nude rats, followed by microRNA profiling. miR-21 was the only significantly upregulated candidate. In addition, miR-21 expression was increased in human tissue samples from patients with ISR compared with coronary artery disease specimen. We systemically repressed miR-21 via intravenous fluorescein-tagged-locked nucleic acid-anti-miR-21 (anti-21) in our humanized myointimal hyperplasia model. As expected, suppression of vascular miR-21 correlated dose dependently with reduced luminal obliteration. Furthermore, anti-21 did not impede reendothelialization. However, systemic anti-miR-21 had substantial off-target effects, lowering miR-21 expression in liver, heart, lung, and kidney with concomitant increase in serum creatinine levels. We therefore assessed the feasibility of local miR-21 suppression using anti-21-coated stents. Compared with bare-metal stents, anti-21-coated stents effectively reduced ISR, whereas no significant off-target effects could be observed. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the efficacy of an anti-miR-coated stent for the reduction of ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TSI-Laboratory (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (T.D., H.R.), University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.); Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, CMM L8:03, Stockholm, Sweden (E.C., S.M.E., H.J., Y.L., A.B., L.M.); Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (R.G.E.); Department of Cardiology Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (C.-H.H.); Translumina GmbH, Hechingen, Germany (B.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (R.C.R., S.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.)
| | - Tobias Deuse
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TSI-Laboratory (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (T.D., H.R.), University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.); Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, CMM L8:03, Stockholm, Sweden (E.C., S.M.E., H.J., Y.L., A.B., L.M.); Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (R.G.E.); Department of Cardiology Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (C.-H.H.); Translumina GmbH, Hechingen, Germany (B.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (R.C.R., S.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.)
| | - Mandy Stubbendorff
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TSI-Laboratory (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (T.D., H.R.), University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.); Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, CMM L8:03, Stockholm, Sweden (E.C., S.M.E., H.J., Y.L., A.B., L.M.); Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (R.G.E.); Department of Cardiology Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (C.-H.H.); Translumina GmbH, Hechingen, Germany (B.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (R.C.R., S.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.)
| | - Ekaterina Chernogubova
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TSI-Laboratory (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (T.D., H.R.), University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.); Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, CMM L8:03, Stockholm, Sweden (E.C., S.M.E., H.J., Y.L., A.B., L.M.); Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (R.G.E.); Department of Cardiology Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (C.-H.H.); Translumina GmbH, Hechingen, Germany (B.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (R.C.R., S.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.)
| | - Reinhold G Erben
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TSI-Laboratory (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (T.D., H.R.), University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.); Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, CMM L8:03, Stockholm, Sweden (E.C., S.M.E., H.J., Y.L., A.B., L.M.); Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (R.G.E.); Department of Cardiology Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (C.-H.H.); Translumina GmbH, Hechingen, Germany (B.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (R.C.R., S.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.)
| | - Suzanne M Eken
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TSI-Laboratory (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (T.D., H.R.), University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.); Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, CMM L8:03, Stockholm, Sweden (E.C., S.M.E., H.J., Y.L., A.B., L.M.); Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (R.G.E.); Department of Cardiology Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (C.-H.H.); Translumina GmbH, Hechingen, Germany (B.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (R.C.R., S.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.)
| | - Hong Jin
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TSI-Laboratory (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (T.D., H.R.), University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.); Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, CMM L8:03, Stockholm, Sweden (E.C., S.M.E., H.J., Y.L., A.B., L.M.); Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (R.G.E.); Department of Cardiology Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (C.-H.H.); Translumina GmbH, Hechingen, Germany (B.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (R.C.R., S.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.)
| | - Yuhuang Li
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TSI-Laboratory (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (T.D., H.R.), University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.); Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, CMM L8:03, Stockholm, Sweden (E.C., S.M.E., H.J., Y.L., A.B., L.M.); Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (R.G.E.); Department of Cardiology Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (C.-H.H.); Translumina GmbH, Hechingen, Germany (B.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (R.C.R., S.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.)
| | - Albert Busch
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TSI-Laboratory (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (T.D., H.R.), University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.); Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, CMM L8:03, Stockholm, Sweden (E.C., S.M.E., H.J., Y.L., A.B., L.M.); Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (R.G.E.); Department of Cardiology Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (C.-H.H.); Translumina GmbH, Hechingen, Germany (B.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (R.C.R., S.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.)
| | - Christian-H Heeger
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TSI-Laboratory (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (T.D., H.R.), University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.); Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, CMM L8:03, Stockholm, Sweden (E.C., S.M.E., H.J., Y.L., A.B., L.M.); Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (R.G.E.); Department of Cardiology Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (C.-H.H.); Translumina GmbH, Hechingen, Germany (B.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (R.C.R., S.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.)
| | - Boris Behnisch
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TSI-Laboratory (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (T.D., H.R.), University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.); Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, CMM L8:03, Stockholm, Sweden (E.C., S.M.E., H.J., Y.L., A.B., L.M.); Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (R.G.E.); Department of Cardiology Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (C.-H.H.); Translumina GmbH, Hechingen, Germany (B.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (R.C.R., S.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.)
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TSI-Laboratory (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (T.D., H.R.), University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.); Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, CMM L8:03, Stockholm, Sweden (E.C., S.M.E., H.J., Y.L., A.B., L.M.); Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (R.G.E.); Department of Cardiology Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (C.-H.H.); Translumina GmbH, Hechingen, Germany (B.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (R.C.R., S.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.)
| | - Robert C Robbins
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TSI-Laboratory (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (T.D., H.R.), University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.); Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, CMM L8:03, Stockholm, Sweden (E.C., S.M.E., H.J., Y.L., A.B., L.M.); Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (R.G.E.); Department of Cardiology Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (C.-H.H.); Translumina GmbH, Hechingen, Germany (B.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (R.C.R., S.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.)
| | - Joshua M Spin
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TSI-Laboratory (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (T.D., H.R.), University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.); Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, CMM L8:03, Stockholm, Sweden (E.C., S.M.E., H.J., Y.L., A.B., L.M.); Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (R.G.E.); Department of Cardiology Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (C.-H.H.); Translumina GmbH, Hechingen, Germany (B.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (R.C.R., S.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.)
| | - Philip S Tsao
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TSI-Laboratory (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (T.D., H.R.), University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.); Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, CMM L8:03, Stockholm, Sweden (E.C., S.M.E., H.J., Y.L., A.B., L.M.); Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (R.G.E.); Department of Cardiology Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (C.-H.H.); Translumina GmbH, Hechingen, Germany (B.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (R.C.R., S.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.)
| | - Sonja Schrepfer
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TSI-Laboratory (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (T.D., H.R.), University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.); Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, CMM L8:03, Stockholm, Sweden (E.C., S.M.E., H.J., Y.L., A.B., L.M.); Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (R.G.E.); Department of Cardiology Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (C.-H.H.); Translumina GmbH, Hechingen, Germany (B.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (R.C.R., S.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.).
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TSI-Laboratory (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (T.D., H.R.), University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (D.W., T.D., M.S., S.S.); Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, CMM L8:03, Stockholm, Sweden (E.C., S.M.E., H.J., Y.L., A.B., L.M.); Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (R.G.E.); Department of Cardiology Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (C.-H.H.); Translumina GmbH, Hechingen, Germany (B.B.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (R.C.R., S.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.)
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48
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Zheng J, Zhang K, Wang Y, Cao J, Zhang F, Zhou Q, Dong R. Identification of a microRNA signature in endothelial cells with mechanical stretch stimulation. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3525-3530. [PMID: 26004384 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to verify an miRNA signature in endothelial cells undergoing mechanical stretch stimulation. In the present study, microarray profiling was conducted in order to identify the differential expression of miRNAs in endothelial cells undergoing mechanical stimulation, compared with unstimulated endothelial cells. The microarray data was then validated by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Genes and signaling pathways regulated by the miRNAs were investigated in silico using Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes or Genomes, which are ontological and network‑mapping algorithms. The microarray data collected demonstrated that 38 miRNAs exhibited significant differential expression in endothelial cells with mechanical stretch stimulation. Of these, 20 were upregulated and 18 were downregulated. The results from the in silico analysis indicated that the miRNAs identified were participants in mechanical stretch‑induced endothelial dysfunction. During the initial stage of vein graft failure, which is induced by endothelial dysfunction, a unique miRNA signature was identified. The identified miRNAs are suggested to be involved in the pathological processes of traumatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubing Zheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yueli Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Bioinfomatics, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Qiwen Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Ran Dong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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49
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Campagnolo P, Hong X, di Bernardini E, Smyrnias I, Hu Y, Xu Q. Resveratrol-Induced Vascular Progenitor Differentiation towards Endothelial Lineage via MiR-21/Akt/β-Catenin Is Protective in Vessel Graft Models. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125122. [PMID: 25961718 PMCID: PMC4427364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Vessel graft failure is typically associated with arteriosclerosis, in which endothelial dysfunction/damage is a key event. Resveratrol has been shown to possess cardioprotective capacity and to reduce atherosclerosis. We aimed to study the influence of resveratrol on the behavior of resident stem cells that may contribute to graft arteriosclerosis. Experimental Approach Vascular resident progenitor cells and embryonic stem cells were treated with resveratrol under differentiating conditions and endothelial markers expression was evaluated. Expression of miR-21 and β-catenin was also tested and exogenously modified. Effects of resveratrol treatment in an ex vivo re-endothelialization model and on mice undergone vascular graft were evaluated. Key Results Resveratrol induced expression of endothelial markers such as CD31, VE-cadherin and eNOS in both progenitor and stem cells. We demonstrated that resveratrol significantly reduced miR-21 expression, which in turn reduced Akt phosphorylation. This signal cascade diminished the amount of nuclear β-catenin, inducing endothelial marker expression and increasing tube-like formation by progenitor cells. Both the inhibition of miR-21 and the knockdown of β-catenin were able to recapitulate the effect of resveratrol application. Ex vivo, progenitor cells treated with resveratrol produced better endothelialization of the decellularized vessel. Finally, in a mouse model of vessel graft, a resveratrol-enhanced diet was able to reduce lesion formation. Conclusions and Implications We provide the first evidence that oral administration of resveratrol can reduce neointimal formation in a model of vascular graft and elucidated the underpinning miR-21/Akt/β-catenin dependent mechanism. These findings may support the beneficial effect of resveratrol supplementation for graft failure prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Campagnolo
- Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PC); (QX)
| | - Xuechong Hong
- Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ioannis Smyrnias
- Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PC); (QX)
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50
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Prandi F, Piola M, Soncini M, Colussi C, D’Alessandra Y, Penza E, Agrifoglio M, Vinci MC, Polvani G, Gaetano C, Fiore GB, Pesce M. Adventitial vessel growth and progenitor cells activation in an ex vivo culture system mimicking human saphenous vein wall strain after coronary artery bypass grafting. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117409. [PMID: 25689822 PMCID: PMC4331547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Saphenous vein graft disease is a timely problem in coronary artery bypass grafting. Indeed, after exposure of the vein to arterial blood flow, a progressive modification in the wall begins, due to proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the intima. As a consequence, the graft progressively occludes and this leads to recurrent ischemia. In the present study we employed a novel ex vivo culture system to assess the biological effects of arterial-like pressure on the human saphenous vein structure and physiology, and to compare the results to those achieved in the presence of a constant low pressure and flow mimicking the physiologic vein perfusion. While under both conditions we found an activation of Matrix Metallo-Proteases 2/9 and of microRNAs-21/146a/221, a specific effect of the arterial-like pressure was observed. This consisted in a marked geometrical remodeling, in the suppression of Tissue Inhibitor of Metallo-Protease-1, in the enhanced expression of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 mRNAs and, finally, in the upregulation of microRNAs-138/200b/200c. In addition, the veins exposed to arterial-like pressure showed an increase in the density of the adventitial vasa vasorum and of cells co-expressing NG2, CD44 and SM22α markers in the adventitia. Cells with nuclear expression of Sox-10, a transcription factor characterizing multipotent vascular stem cells, were finally found in adventitial vessels. Our findings suggest, for the first time, a role of arterial-like wall strain in the activation of pro-pathologic pathways resulting in adventitial vessels growth, activation of vasa vasorum cells, and upregulation of specific gene products associated to vascular remodeling and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Prandi
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Piola
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Soncini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Colussi
- Istituto di Patologia Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Yuri D’Alessandra
- Unità di Immunologia e Genomica Funzionale, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Penza
- II Divisione di Cardiochirurgia, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Agrifoglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Polvani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Goethe University, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany
| | | | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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