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Abramov D, Kobo O, Mamas MA. Association of Cardiovascular Health Metrics and Mortality Among Individuals With and Without Cancer. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032683. [PMID: 38390816 PMCID: PMC10944047 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although metrics of cardiovascular health have been associated with improved mortality, whether the association remains among individuals with a history of cancer has not been well characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2009 to 2018 were used to identify individuals with and without a history of cancer. For each participant, American Heart Association Life's Essential 8 cardiovascular health metrics of health behaviors (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, and sleep) and health factors (body mass index, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure) were obtained. All-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer-related mortality were noted. Out of 21 967 individuals, 8% had a history of cancer. In analyses adjusted for age, race and ethnicity, sex, and income among the whole cohort, better Life's Essential 8 cardiovascular health metrics were associated with lower all-cause (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR ], 0.38 [95% CI, 0.29-0.49]; P<0.001), cardiovascular (aHR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.22-0.49]; P<0.001), and cancer mortality (aHR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.79]; P=0.001). This association was driven by better health behaviors that were associated with lower all-cause (aHR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.26-0.35]; P<0.001), cardiovascular (aHR, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.26-0.52]; P<0.001), and cancer mortality (aHR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.26-0.47]; P<0.001), whereas better health factors were not associated with lower mortality. There were no significant interactions in these associations between individuals with and without cancer. CONCLUSIONS Better metrics of cardiovascular health, particularly health behaviors, are associated with improved all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality to a similar extent in individuals with and without cancer. Attempts to improve cardiovascular health should be prioritized similarly among individuals with and without cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Abramov
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineLoma Linda University HealthLoma LindaCAUSA
| | - Ofer Kobo
- Department of CardiologyHillel Yaffe Medical CenterHaderaIsrael
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis ResearchKeele UniversityStoke‐on‐TrentUnited Kingdom
| | - Mamas A. Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis ResearchKeele UniversityStoke‐on‐TrentUnited Kingdom
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Kobo O, Abramov D, Fiuza M, Chew NWS, Ng CH, Parwani P, Menezes MN, Thavendiranathan P, Mamas MA. Cardiovascular Health Metrics Differ Between Individuals With and Without Cancer. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030942. [PMID: 38038218 PMCID: PMC10727322 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although individuals with cancer experience high rates of cardiovascular morbidity, there are limited data on the potential differences in cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics between individuals with and without cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2015 and 2020 was queried to evaluate the prevalence of health metrics that comprise the American Heart Association Life's Essential 8 construct of cardiovascular health among adult individuals with and without cancer in the United States. Health metric scores were also evaluated according to important patient demographics including age, sex, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Among 4370 participants representing >180 million US adults, 9.4% had a history of cancer. Individuals with cancer had lower overall cardiovascular health scores (67.1 versus 69.1, P<0.001) compared with individuals without cancer. Among individual components of the cardiovascular health score, those with cancer had better health scores on key behaviors including physical activity, diet, and sleep compared with those without cancer, although variation was noted based on age. Higher scores on these modifiable health behaviors among those with cancer compared with those without cancer were noted in older individuals, in White individuals compared with other races and ethnicities, and in individuals with higher socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS We highlight important variations in simple cardiovascular health metrics among individuals with cancer compared with individuals without cancer and demonstrate differences among health metrics based on age, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. These findings may explain ongoing racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic status disparities in the cancer population and provide a framework for optimizing cardiovascular health among individuals with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Kobo
- Department of CardiologyHillel Yaffe Medical CenterHaderaIsrael
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis ResearchKeele UniversityStoke‐on‐TrentUnited Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Abramov
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineLoma Linda University HealthLoma LindaCA
| | - Manuela Fiuza
- Cardio‐Oncology Unit, Serviço de CardiologiaCentro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte—EPE, Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Nicholas W. S. Chew
- Department of CardiologyNational University Heart Centre, National University Health SystemSingapore
| | | | - Purvi Parwani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineLoma Linda University HealthLoma LindaCA
| | - Miguel Nobre Menezes
- Structural and Coronary Heart Disease Unit, Cardio‐Oncology UnitCHULN Hospital de Santa Maria, Cardiovascular Center of the University of Lisbon(CCUL@RISE), Universidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan
- Division of Cardiology, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General HospitalUniversity Health Network (UHN), University of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Mamas A. Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis ResearchKeele UniversityStoke‐on‐TrentUnited Kingdom
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Selvaraj S, Bhatt DL, Claggett B, Djoussé L, Shah SJ, Chen J, Imran TF, Qazi S, Sesso HD, Gaziano JM, Schrag D. Lack of Association Between Heart Failure and Incident Cancer. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 71:1501-1510. [PMID: 29622155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several recent studies have suggested an increased cancer risk among patients with heart failure (HF). However, these studies are constrained by limited size and follow-up, lack of comprehensive data on other health attributes, and adjudicated cancer outcomes. OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine whether HF is associated with cancer incidence and cancer-specific mortality. METHODS The study assembled a cohort from the Physicians' Health Studies I and II, 2 randomized controlled trials of aspirin and vitamin supplements conducted from 1982 to 1995 and from 1997 to 2011, respectively, that included annual health evaluations and determination of cancer and HF diagnoses. In the primary analysis, the study excluded participants with cancer or HF at baseline and performed multivariable-adjusted Cox models to determine the relationship between HF and cancer, modeling HF as a time-varying exposure. In a complementary analysis, the study used the landmark method and identified cancer-free participants at 70 years of age, distinguishing between those with and without HF, and likewise performed Cox regression. Sensitivity analyses were performed at 65, 75, and 80 years of age. RESULTS Among 28,341 Physicians' Health Study participants, 1,420 developed HF. A total of 7,363 cancers developed during a median follow-up time of 19.9 years (25th to 75th percentile: 11.0 to 26.8 years). HF was not associated with cancer incidence in crude (hazard ratio: 0.92; 95% confidence interval: 0.80 to 1.08) or multivariable-adjusted analysis (hazard ratio: 1.05; 95% confidence interval: 0.86 to 1.29). No association was found between HF and site-specific cancer incidence or cancer-specific mortality after multivariable adjustment. Results were similar when using the landmark method at all landmark ages. CONCLUSIONS HF is not associated with an increased risk of cancer among male physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Selvaraj
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian Claggett
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jiaying Chen
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tasnim F Imran
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Saadia Qazi
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deborah Schrag
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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de Boer RA, Meijers WC, van der Meer P, van Veldhuisen DJ. Cancer and heart disease: associations and relations. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 21:1515-1525. [PMID: 31321851 PMCID: PMC6988442 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports that cancer incidence is increased in patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease and heart failure (HF), and patients with HF frequently die from cancer. Recently, data have been generated showing that circulating factors in relation to HF promote tumour growth and development in murine models, providing proof that a causal relationship exists between both diseases. Several common pathophysiological mechanisms linking HF to cancer exist, and include inflammation, neuro‐hormonal activation, oxidative stress and a dysfunctional immune system. These shared mechanisms, in combination with risk factors, in concert may explain why patients with HF are prone to develop cancer. Investigating the new insights linking HF with cancer is rapidly becoming an exciting new field of research, and we herein review the most recent data. Besides insights in mechanisms, we call for clinical awareness, that is essential to optimize treatment strategies of patients having developed cancer with a history of HF. Finally, ongoing and future trials should strive for comprehensive phenotyping of both CV and cancer end points, to allow optimal usefulness of data, and to better describe and understand common characteristics of these two lethal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf A de Boer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter C Meijers
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Brown RB, Razzaque MS. Phosphate toxicity and tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:303-309. [PMID: 29684520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we briefly summarized evidence that cellular phosphate burden from phosphate toxicity is a pathophysiological determinant of cancer cell growth. Tumor cells express more phosphate cotransporters and store more inorganic phosphate than normal cells, and dysregulated phosphate homeostasis is associated with the genesis of various human tumors. High dietary phosphate consumption causes the growth of lung and skin tumors in experimental animal models. Additional studies show that excessive phosphate burden induces growth-promoting cell signaling, stimulates neovascularization, and is associated with chromosome instability and metastasis. Studies have also shown phosphate is a mitogenic factor that affects various tumor cell growth. Among epidemiological evidence linking phosphate and tumor formation, the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study found that high dietary phosphate levels were independently associated with lethal and high-grade prostate cancer. Further research is needed to determine how excessive dietary phosphate consumption influences initiation and promotion of tumorigenesis, and to elucidate prognostic benefits of reducing phosphate burden to decrease tumor cell growth and delay metastatic progression. The results of such studies could provide the basis for therapeutic modulation of phosphate metabolism for improved patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Brown
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed S Razzaque
- Department of Oral Health Policy & Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, University of Rwanda College of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Kigali, Rwanda; Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA.
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Suzuki M, Tomoike H, Sumiyoshi T, Nagatomo Y, Hosoda T, Nagayama M, Ishikawa Y, Sawa T, Iimuro S, Yoshikawa T, Hosoda S. Incidence of cancers in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2017; 17:11-16. [PMID: 28948207 PMCID: PMC5602950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To address a clinical impact of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) on cancer developments, we investigated an issue whether any difference in an incidence of cancers is present between patients with atherosclerotic CVD and those with non-atherosclerotic CVD. METHODS Of a total of 32,095 consecutive patients with acquired CVD enrolled in the Sakakibara Health Integrative Profile cohort study, we segregated patients based on a presence of atherosclerotic or non-atherosclerotic CVD to investigate an incidence of cancers and mortality. We also evaluated an incidence of cancers in patients with a singular presence versus a plural presence of atherosclerotic CVD. Atherosclerotic CVD included coronary artery diseases, aortic diseases and peripheral artery diseases. Non-atherosclerotic CVD were any acquired CVD except atherosclerotic CVD. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 1020 days (interquartile range, 665-1340 days), an incidence of cancers (5% vs. 2%, p = 0.0001) and overall mortality (6% vs. 3%, p = 0.0001) were more than two-fold higher in 10,592 patients with atherosclerotic CVD than in 21,503 patients with non-atherosclerotic CVD. A presence of atherosclerotic CVD (hazard ratio 1.372 with 95% confidence interval 1.199-1.569) was independently associated with an incidence of cancers. In patients with atherosclerotic CVD, 61 of 640 patients with a plural presence and 470 of 9932 patients with a singular presence developed cancers (9% vs. 5%, p = 0.0001). An incremental risk of death was found according to a presence of atherosclerotic CVD, cancers, and both of them (all p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS A presence of atherosclerotic CVD itself may have a potential risk for cancer developments. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov. number, NCT03005834.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute, 3-16-1 Asahi, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-0003, Japan.Department of CardiologySakakibara Heart Institute3-16-1 AsahiFuchuTokyo183-0003Japan
| | - Hitonobu Tomoike
- Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Nagatomo
- Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Hosoda
- Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Medical Information and System Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iimuro
- Teikyo Academic Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Saichi Hosoda
- Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Lüscher TF. Prevention in high-risk patients: a long-term committment. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:1137-9. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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