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Sultan A, Adeghate E, Emerald BS, Qureshi MA, Minhas ST, Howarth FC. Effects of Obesity and Diabesity on Ventricular Muscle Structure and Function in the Zucker Rat. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1221. [PMID: 36013400 PMCID: PMC9410105 DOI: 10.3390/life12081221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cardiovascular complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. The effects of obesity and diabesity on the function and structure of ventricular myocytes in the Zucker fatty (ZF) rat and the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat compared to Zucker lean (ZL) control rats have been investigated. (2) Methods: Shortening and intracellular Ca2+ were simultaneously measured with cell imaging and fluorescence photometry, respectively. Ventricular muscle protein expression and structure were investigated with Western blot and electron microscopy, respectively. (3) Results: The amplitude of shortening was increased in ZF compared to ZL but not compared to ZDF myocytes. Resting Ca2+ was increased in ZDF compared to ZL myocytes. Time to half decay of the Ca2+ transient was prolonged in ZDF compared to ZL and was reduced in ZF compared to ZL myocytes. Changes in expression of proteins associated with cardiac muscle contraction are presented. Structurally, there were reductions in sarcomere length in ZDF and ZF compared to ZL and reductions in mitochondria count in ZF compared to ZDF and ZL myocytes. (4) Conclusions: Alterations in ventricular muscle proteins and structure may partly underlie the defects observed in Ca2+ signaling in ZDF and ZF compared to ZL rat hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sultan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad A. Qureshi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Tariq Minhas
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Frank Christopher Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Heather LC, Hafstad AD, Halade GV, Harmancey R, Mellor KM, Mishra PK, Mulvihill EE, Nabben M, Nakamura M, Rider OJ, Ruiz M, Wende AR, Ussher JR. Guidelines on Models of Diabetic Heart Disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H176-H200. [PMID: 35657616 PMCID: PMC9273269 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00058.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. As cardiovascular disease represents the number one cause of death in people with diabetes, there has been a major emphasis on understanding the mechanisms by which diabetes promotes cardiovascular disease, and how antidiabetic therapies impact diabetic heart disease. With a wide array of models to study diabetes (both type 1 and type 2), the field has made major progress in answering these questions. However, each model has its own inherent limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this guidelines document is to provide the field with information on which aspects of cardiovascular disease in the human diabetic population are most accurately reproduced by the available models. This review aims to emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of each model, and to highlight the practical challenges and technical considerations involved. We will review the preclinical animal models of diabetes (based on their method of induction), appraise models of diabetes-related atherosclerosis and heart failure, and discuss in vitro models of diabetic heart disease. These guidelines will allow researchers to select the appropriate model of diabetic heart disease, depending on the specific research question being addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anne D Hafstad
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Romain Harmancey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Erin E Mulvihill
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Departments of Genetics and Cell Biology, and Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michinari Nakamura
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Oliver J Rider
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam R Wende
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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3
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Hansen ESS, Bertelsen LB, Bøgh N, Miller J, Wohlfart P, Ringgaard S, Laustsen C. Concentration-dependent effects of dichloroacetate in type 2 diabetic hearts assessed by hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]-pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4678. [PMID: 34961990 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Personalized medicine or individualized therapy promises a paradigm shift in healthcare. This is particularly true in complex and multifactorial diseases such as diabetes and the multitude of related pathophysiological complications. Diabetic cardiomyopathy represents an emerging condition that could be effectively treated if better diagnostic and, in particular, better therapeutic monitoring tools were available. In this study, we investigate the ability to differentiate low and high doses of metabolically targeted therapy in an obese type 2 diabetic rat model. Low-dose dichloroacetate (DCA) treatment was associated with increased lactate production, while no or little change was seen in bicarbonate production. High-dose DCA treatment was associated with a significant metabolic switch towards increased bicarbonate production. These findings support further studies using hyperpolarized [1-13 C]-pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging to differentiate treatment effects and thus allow for personalized titration of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Bøgh
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jack Miller
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- PET Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Steffen Ringgaard
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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4
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Wang J, Li Y, Guo YK, Huang S, Shi R, Yan WF, Qian WL, He GX, Yang ZG. The adverse impact of coronary artery disease on left ventricle systolic and diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 3.0T CMR study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:30. [PMID: 35193565 PMCID: PMC8864799 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) confers considerable morbidity and mortality in diabetes. However, the role of CAD in additive effect of left ventricular (LV) function has rarely been explored in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aimed to investigate how CAD affect LV systolic and diastolic function in T2DM patients. Materials and methods A total of 282 T2DM patients {104 patients with CAD [T2DM (CAD +)] and 178 without [T2DM (CAD −)]} and 83 sex- and age- matched healthy controls underwent cardiac magnetic resonance scanning. LV structure, function, global strains [including systolic peak strain (PS), peak systolic (PSSR) and diastolic strain rate (PDSR) in radial, circumferential and longitudinal directions] and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) parameters were measured. T2DM (CAD +) patients were divided into two subgroups based on the median of Gensini score (60) which was calculated to assess the severity of CAD. Multivariable linear regression analyses were constructed to investigate the determinants of reduced LV function. Results Compared with normal controls, T2DM (CAD −) patients exhibited increased LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volume index and decreased LV global strains, while T2DM(CAD +) patients showed more marked increase and decrease than T2DM(CAD-) and healthy controls, except for longitudinal PDSR (PDSR-L) (all P < 0.017). All of LV global strains demonstrated a progressive decrease from normal controls, through Gensini score ≤ 60, to Gensini score > 60 group, except for PDSR-L (all P < 0.017). CAD was an independent predictor of reduced LV global circumferential PS (GCPS, β = 0.22, p < 0.001), PSSR (PSSR-C, β = 0.17, p = 0.005), PDSR (PDSR-C, β = 0.22, p < 0.001), global radial PS (GRPS, β = 0.19, p = 0.001), and global longitudinal PS (GLPS, β = 0.18, p = 0.003) in T2DM. The Gensini score was associated with decreased GCPS, PSSR-C, PDSR-C, GRPS, and GLPS in T2DM (CAD +) (all p < 0.05). Conclusion CAD has an additive deleterious effect on LV systolic and diastolic function in T2DM patients. Among T2DM (CAD +) patients, the Gensini score is associated with reduced LV contractile and diastolic function. Trial registration Retrospectively registered
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ying-Kun Guo
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 20# Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei-Feng Yan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen-Lei Qian
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Guang-Xi He
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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5
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Silva FS, de Souza KSC, Galdino OA, de Moraes MV, Ishikawa U, Medeiros MA, Lima JPMS, de Paula Medeiros KC, da Silva Farias NB, de Araújo Júnior RF, de Rezende AA, Abreu BJ, de Oliveira MF. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy mitigates left ventricular remodeling, upregulates MMP-2 and VEGF, and inhibits the induction of MMP-9, TGF-β1, and TNF-α in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat heart. Life Sci 2022; 295:120393. [PMID: 35167880 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been widely used for the adjunctive treatment of diabetic wounds, and is currently known to influence left ventricular (LV) function. However, morphological and molecular repercussions of the HBO in the diabetic myocardium remain to be described. We aimed to investigate whether HBO therapy would mitigate adverse LV remodeling caused by streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. MAIN METHODS Sixty-day-old Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control (n = 8), HBO (n = 7), STZ (n = 10), and STZ + HBO (n = 8). Diabetes was induced by a single STZ injection (60 mg/kg, i.p.). HBO treatment (100% oxygen at 2.5 atmospheres absolute, 60 min/day, 5 days/week) lasted for 5 weeks. LV morphology was evaluated using histomorphometry. Gene expression analyzes were performed for LV collagens I (Col1a1) and III (Col3a1), matrix metalloproteinases 2 (Mmp2) and 9 (Mmp9), and transforming growth factor-β1 (Tgfb1). The Immunoexpression of cardiac tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also quantified. KEY FINDINGS HBO therapy prevented LV concentric remodeling, heterogeneous myocyte hypertrophy, and fibrosis in diabetic rats associated with attenuation of leukocyte infiltration. HBO therapy also increased Mmp2 gene expression, and inhibited the induction of Tgfb1 and Mmp9 mRNAs caused by diabetes, and normalized TNF-α and VEGF protein expression. SIGNIFICANCE HBO therapy had protective effects for the LV structure in STZ-diabetic rats and ameliorated expression levels of genes involved in cardiac collagen turnover, as well as pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Santos Silva
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Brazil.
| | | | - Ony Araujo Galdino
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Uta Ishikawa
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adriana Augusto de Rezende
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Bento João Abreu
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Kozma M, Bombicz M, Varga B, Priksz D, Gesztelyi R, Tarjanyi V, Kiss R, Szekeres R, Takacs B, Menes A, Balla J, Balla G, Szilvassy J, Szilvassy Z, Juhasz B. Cardioprotective Role of BGP-15 in Ageing Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rat (ZDF) Model: Extended Mitochondrial Longevity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020226. [PMID: 35213959 PMCID: PMC8878257 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function is associated with several metabolic diseases and health conditions, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), as well as ageing. The close relationship between the above-mentioned diseases and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (diabetic cardiomyopathy and age-related cardiovascular diseases) has long been known. Mitochondria have a crucial role: they are a primary source of energy produced in the form of ATP via fatty acid oxidation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and electron transport chain (ETC), and ATP synthase acts as a key regulator of cardiomyocyte survival. Mitochondrial medicine has been increasingly discussed as a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of CVD. It is well known that vitamin B3 as an NAD+ precursor exists in several forms, e.g., nicotinic acid (niacin) and nicotinamide (NAM). These cofactors are central to cellular homeostasis, mitochondrial respiration, ATP production, and reactive oxygen species generation and inhibition. Increasing evidence suggests that the nicotinic acid derivative BGP-15 ((3-piperidine-2-hydroxy-1-propyl)-nicotinic amidoxime) improves cardiac function by reducing the incidence of arrhythmias and improves diastolic function in different animal models. Our team has valid reasons to assume that these cardioprotective effects of BGP-15 are based on its NAD+ precursor property. Our hypothesis was supported by an animal experiment where ageing ZDF rats were treated with BGP-15 for one year. Haemodynamic variables were measured with echocardiography to detect diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) and age-related CVD as well. In the ZDF group, advanced HF was diagnosed, whereas the BGP-15-treated ZDF group showed diastolic dysfunction only. The significant difference between the two groups was supported by post-mortem Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson’s trichrome staining of cardiac tissues. Moreover, our hypothesis was further confirmed by the significantly elevated Cytochrome c oxidase (MTCO) and ATP synthase activity and expression detected with ELISA and Western blot analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the protective effect of BGP-15 on cardiac mitochondrial respiration in an ageing ZDF model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mate Kozma
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mariann Bombicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Balazs Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Daniel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Vera Tarjanyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Rita Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Reka Szekeres
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Barbara Takacs
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Akos Menes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Jozsef Balla
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Gyorgy Balla
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Centre, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Judit Szilvassy
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zoltan Szilvassy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Bela Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-5242-7899 (ext. 56109)
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Bartosova L, Horvath C, Galis P, Ferenczyova K, Kalocayova B, Szobi A, Duris-Adameova A, Bartekova M, Rajtik T. Quercetin alleviates diastolic dysfunction and suppresses adverse pro-hypertrophic signaling in diabetic rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1029750. [PMID: 36568083 PMCID: PMC9772025 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1029750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quercetin (Que) is a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant flavonoid with cardioprotective potential. However, very little is known about the signaling pathways and gene regulatory proteins Que may interfere with, especially in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Therefore, we aimed to study the potential cardioprotective effects of Que on the cardiac phenotype of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accompanied by obesity. METHODS For this experiment, we used Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats (fa/fa) and their age-matched lean controls (fa/+) that were treated with either vehicle or 20 mg/kg/day of Que for 6 weeks. Animals underwent echocardiographic (echo) examination before the first administration of Que and after 6 weeks. RESULTS After the initial echo examination, the diabetic rats showed increased E/A ratio, a marker of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, in comparison to the control group which was selectively reversed by Que. Following the echo analysis, Que reduced LV wall thickness and exhibited an opposite effect on LV luminal area. In support of these results, the total collagen content measured by hydroxyproline assay was decreased in the LVs of diabetic rats treated with Que. The follow-up immunoblot analysis of proteins conveying cardiac remodeling pathways revealed that Que was able to interfere with cardiac pro-hypertrophic signaling. In fact, Que reduced relative protein expression of pro-hypertrophic transcriptional factor MEF2 and its counter-regulator HDAC4 along with pSer246-HDAC4. Furthermore, Que showed potency to decrease GATA4 transcription factor, NFAT3 and calcineurin, as well as upstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase Erk5 which orchestrates several pro-hypertrophic pathways. DISCUSSION In summary, we showed for the first time that Que ameliorated pro-hypertrophic signaling on the level of epigenetic regulation and targeted specific upstream pathways which provoked inhibition of pro-hypertrophic signals in ZDF rats. Moreover, Que mitigated T2DM and obesity-induced diastolic dysfunction, therefore, might represent an interesting target for future research on novel cardioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bartosova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Csaba Horvath
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Galis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kristina Ferenczyova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Kalocayova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adrian Szobi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adriana Duris-Adameova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Bartekova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Tomas Rajtik, ; Monika Bartekova,
| | - Tomas Rajtik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Tomas Rajtik, ; Monika Bartekova,
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8
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Tuleta I, Frangogiannis NG. Fibrosis of the diabetic heart: Clinical significance, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113904. [PMID: 34331987 PMCID: PMC8444077 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In patients with diabetes, myocardial fibrosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure and arrhythmogenesis, increasing ventricular stiffness and delaying conduction. Diabetic myocardial fibrosis involves effects of hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity and insulin resistance on cardiac fibroblasts, directly resulting in increased matrix secretion, and activation of paracrine signaling in cardiomyocytes, immune and vascular cells, that release fibroblast-activating mediators. Neurohumoral pathways, cytokines, growth factors, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and matricellular proteins have been implicated in diabetic fibrosis; however, the molecular links between the metabolic perturbations and activation of a fibrogenic program remain poorly understood. Although existing therapies using glucose- and lipid-lowering agents and neurohumoral inhibition may act in part by attenuating myocardial collagen deposition, specific therapies targeting the fibrotic response are lacking. This review manuscript discusses the clinical significance, molecular mechanisms and cell biology of diabetic cardiac fibrosis and proposes therapeutic targets that may attenuate the fibrotic response, preventing heart failure progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Tuleta
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA.
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Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Role in Mechanisms Underlying Effects of Quercetin on Heart Function in Aged Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094457. [PMID: 33923282 PMCID: PMC8123171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several mechanisms may contribute to cardiovascular pathology associated with diabetes, including dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Quercetin (QCT) is a substance with preventive effects in treatment of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The aim of the present study was to explore effects of chronic QCT administration on changes in heart function in aged lean and obese Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats and that in association with MMPs. Signaling underlying effects of diabetes and QCT were also investigated. In the study, we used one-year-old lean and obese ZDF rats treated for 6 weeks with QCT. Results showed that obesity worsened heart function and this was associated with MMP-2 upregulation, MMP-28 downregulation, and inhibition of superoxide dismutases (SODs). Treatment with QCT did not modulate diabetes-induced changes in heart function and MMPs. However, QCT activated Akt kinase and reversed effects of diabetes on SODs inhibition. In conclusion, worsened heart function due to obesity involved changes in MMP-2 and MMP-28 and attenuation of antioxidant defense by SOD. QCT did not have positive effects on improvement of heart function or modulation of MMPs. Nevertheless, its application mediated activation of adaptive responses against oxidative stress through Akt kinase and prevention of diabetes-induced negative effects on antioxidant defense by SODs.
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Walpot J, Inácio JR, Massalha S, Hossain A, Small GR, Crean AM, Yam Y, Rybicki F, Dwivedi G, Chow BJW. Determining Early Remodeling Patterns in Diabetes and Hypertension Using Cardiac Computed Tomography: The Feasibility of Assessing Early LV Geometric Changes. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:496-504. [PMID: 31903488 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is conflicting data on early left ventricle (LV) remodeling in diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN). This study examines the feasibility of cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to detect early LV geometric changes in patients with DM and HTN. METHODS Consecutive patients (n = 5,992) who underwent prospective electrocardiography (ECG)-triggered (mid-diastolic) CCTA were screened. Patients with known structural heart disease or known LV dysfunction were excluded. Left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular mid-diastolic volume (LVMDV), and LV concentricity (LVM/LVMDV) were measured and indexed to body surface area. RESULTS A total of 4,283 patients were analyzed (mean age 57 ± 10.69 years, female 46.7%). DM, HTN, and HTN + DM were present in 4.1%, 35.8% and 10.6% of patients, respectively. Compared to normal patients, HTN and HTN + DM patients had increased LVM indexed to body surface area (LVMi) (56.87 ± 17.24, 59.26 ± 13.62, and 58.56 ± 13.09, respectively; P < 0.05). There was no difference in LVMi between normal subjects and patients with DM (56.39 ± 11.50, P = 0.617).Concentricity indices were higher in patient with HTN (1.0456 ± 0.417; P < 0.001), DM (1.109 ± 0.638; P = 0.004), and HTN + DM (1.083 ± 0.311, P < 0.001) than normal individuals (0.9671 ± 0.361). There was no overlap of the 95% confidence intervals in the composite of concentricity indices and LVMi between the different groups. CONCLUSIONS CCTA measures of LVM and concentricity index may discriminate patients with HTN and DM before overt structural heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Walpot
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joao R Inácio
- University of Ottawa, Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Medical Imaging and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Samia Massalha
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alomgir Hossain
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gary R Small
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew M Crean
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yeung Yam
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Frank Rybicki
- University of Ottawa, Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Medical Imaging and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Fiona Stanley Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin J W Chow
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Medical Imaging and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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11
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Nguyen ITN, Brandt MM, van de Wouw J, van Drie RWA, Wesseling M, Cramer MJ, de Jager SCA, Merkus D, Duncker DJ, Cheng C, Joles JA, Verhaar MC. Both male and female obese ZSF1 rats develop cardiac dysfunction in obesity-induced heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232399. [PMID: 32374790 PMCID: PMC7202634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with multiple comorbidities, such as old age, hypertension, type 2 diabetes and obesity and is more prevalent in females. Although the male obese ZSF1 rat has been proposed as a suitable model to study the development of diastolic dysfunction and early HFpEF, studies in female animals have not been performed yet. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the cardiac phenotype in female obese ZSF1 rats and their lean counterparts. Additionally, we aimed to investigate whether differences exist in disease progression in obese male and female ZSF1 rats. Therefore, male and female ZSF1 rats, lean as well as obese (N = 6-9/subgroup), were used. Every two weeks, from 12 to 26 weeks of age, systolic blood pressure and echocardiographic measurements were performed, and venous blood was sampled. Female obese ZSF1 rats, as compared to female lean ZSF1 rats, developed diastolic dysfunction with cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in the presence of severe dyslipidemia, increased plasma growth differentiation factor 15 and mild hypertension, and preservation of systolic function. Although obese female ZSF1 rats did not develop hyperglycemia, their diastolic dysfunction was as severe as in the obese males. Taken together, the results from the present study suggest that the female obese ZSF1 rat is a relevant animal model for HFpEF with multiple comorbidities, suitable for investigating novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel T. N. Nguyen
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten M. Brandt
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jens van de Wouw
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben W. A. van Drie
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Wesseling
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten J. Cramer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia C. A. de Jager
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine (WBex), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk J. Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap. A. Joles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C. Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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12
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Castelhano J, Ribeiro B, Sanches M, Graça B, Saraiva J, Oliveiros B, Neves C, Rodrigues T, Sereno J, Gonçalves S, Ferreira MJ, Seiça R, Matafome P, Castelo-Branco M. A rat model of enhanced glycation mimics cardiac phenotypic components of human type 2 diabetes : A translational study using MRI. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107554. [PMID: 32122788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The success of translational research depends on how well animal models mimic the pathophysiology of the human phenotype, and on the identification of disease mechanisms such as enhanced glycation. METHODS Here, we studied cardiac MRI and metabolic phenotypes in human type 2 diabetes (N = 106; 55 patients+51 controls) and animal models with distinct levels of fat diet and end glycation products, to model the role of these factors in the cardiac phenotype. We included four groups of rats, designed to evaluate the role of lipid load and glucotoxicity in cardiac function and to correlate these with the cardiac phenotype observed in humans. We also aimed to assess into which extent phenotypes were related to specific risk factors. RESULTS Stroke Volume (SV) and Peak Filling Rate (PFR) measures were similarly discriminative both in humans and animal models, particularly when enhanced glycation was present. Factorial analysis showed that reduction of multidimensionality into common main explanatory factors, in humans and animals, revealed components that equally explained the variance of cardiac phenotypes (87.62% and 83.75%, respectively). One of the components included, both in humans and animals, SV, PFR and peak ejection rate (PER). The other components included in both humans and animals are the following: ESV (end systolic volume), left ventricular mass (LVM) and ejection fraction (EF). These components were useful for between group discrimination. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that animal models of enhanced glycation and human type 2 diabetes share a striking similarity of cardiac phenotypic components and relation with metabolic changes, independently of fact content in the diet, which reinforces the role of glucose dysmetabolism in left ventricular dysfunction and provides a potentially useful approach for translational research in diabetes, in particular when testing new therapies early on during the natural history of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Ribeiro
- CIBIT/ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Bruno Graça
- Coimbra University Hospital (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Saraiva
- Coimbra University Hospital (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Oliveiros
- Laboratório de Bioestatística e Informática Médica, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Christian Neves
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Sereno
- CIBIT/ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria João Ferreira
- CIBIT/ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratório de Bioestatística e Informática Médica, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.; Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Department of Complementary Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- CIBIT/ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratório de Bioestatística e Informática Médica, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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13
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Ranchoux B, Nadeau V, Bourgeois A, Provencher S, Tremblay É, Omura J, Coté N, Abu-Alhayja'a R, Dumais V, Nachbar RT, Tastet L, Dahou A, Breuils-Bonnet S, Marette A, Pibarot P, Dupuis J, Paulin R, Boucherat O, Archer SL, Bonnet S, Potus F. Metabolic Syndrome Exacerbates Pulmonary Hypertension due to Left Heart Disease. Circ Res 2019; 125:449-466. [PMID: 31154939 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left heart disease (LHD), or group 2 PH, is the most prevalent form of PH worldwide. PH due to LHD is often associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). In 12% to 13% of cases, patients with PH due to LHD display vascular remodeling of pulmonary arteries (PAs) associated with poor prognosis. Unfortunately, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown; PH-targeted therapies for this group are nonexistent, and the development of a new preclinical model is crucial. Among the numerous pathways dysregulated in MetS, inflammation plays also a critical role in both PH and vascular remodeling. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that MetS and inflammation may trigger the development of vascular remodeling in group 2 PH. METHODS AND RESULTS Using supracoronary aortic banding, we induced diastolic dysfunction in rats. Then we induced MetS by a combination of high-fat diet and olanzapine treatment. We used metformin treatment and anti-IL-6 (interleukin-6) antibodies to inhibit the IL-6 pathway. Compared with sham conditions, only supracoronary aortic banding+MetS rats developed precapillary PH, as measured by both echocardiography and right/left heart catheterization. PH in supracoronary aortic banding+MetS was associated with macrophage accumulation and increased IL-6 production in lung. PH was also associated with STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) activation and increased proliferation of PA smooth muscle cells, which contributes to remodeling of distal PA. We reported macrophage accumulation, increased IL-6 levels, and STAT3 activation in the lung of group 2 PH patients. In vitro, IL-6 activates STAT3 and induces human PA smooth muscle cell proliferation. Metformin treatment decreased inflammation, IL-6 levels, STAT3 activation, and human PA smooth muscle cell proliferation. In vivo, in the supracoronary aortic banding+MetS animals, reducing IL-6, either by anti-IL-6 antibody or metformin treatment, reversed pulmonary vascular remodeling and improve PH due to LHD. CONCLUSIONS We developed a new preclinical model of group 2 PH by combining MetS with LHD. We showed that MetS exacerbates group 2 PH. We provided evidence for the importance of the IL-6-STAT3 pathway in our experimental model of group 2 PH and human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Ranchoux
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (B.R., V.N., A.B., S.P., E.T., J.O., N.C., R.A-A., L.T., A.D., S.B.-B., P.P., R.P., O.B., S.B., F.P.)
| | - Valérie Nadeau
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (B.R., V.N., A.B., S.P., E.T., J.O., N.C., R.A-A., L.T., A.D., S.B.-B., P.P., R.P., O.B., S.B., F.P.)
| | - Alice Bourgeois
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (B.R., V.N., A.B., S.P., E.T., J.O., N.C., R.A-A., L.T., A.D., S.B.-B., P.P., R.P., O.B., S.B., F.P.)
| | - Steeve Provencher
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (B.R., V.N., A.B., S.P., E.T., J.O., N.C., R.A-A., L.T., A.D., S.B.-B., P.P., R.P., O.B., S.B., F.P.)
| | - Éve Tremblay
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (B.R., V.N., A.B., S.P., E.T., J.O., N.C., R.A-A., L.T., A.D., S.B.-B., P.P., R.P., O.B., S.B., F.P.)
| | - Junichi Omura
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (B.R., V.N., A.B., S.P., E.T., J.O., N.C., R.A-A., L.T., A.D., S.B.-B., P.P., R.P., O.B., S.B., F.P.)
| | - Nancy Coté
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (B.R., V.N., A.B., S.P., E.T., J.O., N.C., R.A-A., L.T., A.D., S.B.-B., P.P., R.P., O.B., S.B., F.P.)
| | - Rami Abu-Alhayja'a
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (B.R., V.N., A.B., S.P., E.T., J.O., N.C., R.A-A., L.T., A.D., S.B.-B., P.P., R.P., O.B., S.B., F.P.)
| | - Valérie Dumais
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (V.D., R.T.N., A.M.)
| | - Renato T Nachbar
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (V.D., R.T.N., A.M.)
| | - Lionel Tastet
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (B.R., V.N., A.B., S.P., E.T., J.O., N.C., R.A-A., L.T., A.D., S.B.-B., P.P., R.P., O.B., S.B., F.P.)
| | - Abdellaziz Dahou
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (B.R., V.N., A.B., S.P., E.T., J.O., N.C., R.A-A., L.T., A.D., S.B.-B., P.P., R.P., O.B., S.B., F.P.)
| | - Sandra Breuils-Bonnet
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (B.R., V.N., A.B., S.P., E.T., J.O., N.C., R.A-A., L.T., A.D., S.B.-B., P.P., R.P., O.B., S.B., F.P.)
| | - André Marette
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (V.D., R.T.N., A.M.)
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (B.R., V.N., A.B., S.P., E.T., J.O., N.C., R.A-A., L.T., A.D., S.B.-B., P.P., R.P., O.B., S.B., F.P.)
| | - Jocelyn Dupuis
- Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, Québec, Canada (J.D.)
| | - Roxane Paulin
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (B.R., V.N., A.B., S.P., E.T., J.O., N.C., R.A-A., L.T., A.D., S.B.-B., P.P., R.P., O.B., S.B., F.P.)
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (B.R., V.N., A.B., S.P., E.T., J.O., N.C., R.A-A., L.T., A.D., S.B.-B., P.P., R.P., O.B., S.B., F.P.)
| | - Stephen L Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (S.L.A., F.P.)
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (B.R., V.N., A.B., S.P., E.T., J.O., N.C., R.A-A., L.T., A.D., S.B.-B., P.P., R.P., O.B., S.B., F.P.)
| | - François Potus
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (B.R., V.N., A.B., S.P., E.T., J.O., N.C., R.A-A., L.T., A.D., S.B.-B., P.P., R.P., O.B., S.B., F.P.).,Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (S.L.A., F.P.)
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14
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McPherson KC, Shields CA, Poudel B, Fizer B, Pennington A, Szabo-Johnson A, Thompson WL, Cornelius DC, Williams JM. Impact of obesity as an independent risk factor for the development of renal injury: implications from rat models of obesity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 316:F316-F327. [PMID: 30539649 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00162.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and hypertension are the major causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Epidemiological studies within the last few decades have revealed that obesity-associated renal disease is an emerging epidemic and that the increasing prevalence of obesity parallels the increased rate of CKD. This has led to the inclusion of obesity as an independent risk factor for CKD. A major complication when studying the relationship between obesity and renal injury is that cardiovascular and metabolic disorders that may result from obesity including hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, or the cluster of these disorders [defined as the metabolic syndrome, (MetS)] also contribute to the development and progression of renal disease. The associations between hyperglycemia and hypertension with renal disease have been reported extensively in patients suffering from obesity. Currently, there are several obese rodent models (high-fat diet-induced obesity and leptin signaling dysfunction) that exhibit characteristics of MetS. However, the available obese rodent models currently have not been used to investigate the impact of obesity alone on the development of renal injury before hypertension and/or hyperglycemia. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe the incidence and severity of renal disease in these rodent models of obesity and determine which models are suitable to study the independent effects obesity on the development and progression of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasi C McPherson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Corbin A Shields
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Bibek Poudel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Brianca Fizer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alyssa Pennington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ashley Szabo-Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Willie L Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jan M Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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15
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Werner RA, Eissler C, Hayakawa N, Arias-Loza P, Wakabayashi H, Javadi MS, Chen X, Shinaji T, Lapa C, Pelzer T, Higuchi T. Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy using ECG-gated 18F-FDG PET. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17631. [PMID: 30514933 PMCID: PMC6279734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In diabetic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is one of the earliest signs of cardiac involvement prior to the definitive development of heart failure (HF). We aimed to explore the LV diastolic function using electrocardiography (ECG)-gated 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) imaging beyond the assessment of cardiac glucose utilization in a diabetic rat model. ECG-gated 18F-FDG PET imaging was performed in a rat model of type 2 diabetes (ZDF fa/fa) and ZL control rats at age of 13 weeks (n = 6, respectively). Under hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to enhance cardiac activity, 18F-FDG was administered and subsequently, list-mode imaging using a dedicated small animal PET system with ECG signal recording was performed. List-mode data were sorted and reconstructed into tomographic images of 16 frames per cardiac cycle. Left ventricular functional parameters (systolic: LV ejection fraction (EF), heart rate (HR) vs. diastolic: peak filling rate (PFR)) were obtained using an automatic ventricular edge detection software. No significant difference in systolic function could be obtained (ZL controls vs. ZDF rats: LVEF, 62.5 ± 4.2 vs. 59.4 ± 4.5%; HR: 331 ± 35 vs. 309 ± 24 bpm; n.s., respectively). On the contrary, ECG-gated PET imaging showed a mild but significant decrease of PFR in the diabetic rats (ZL controls vs. ZDF rats: 12.1 ± 0.8 vs. 10.2 ± 1 Enddiastolic Volume/sec, P < 0.01). Investigating a diabetic rat model, ECG-gated 18F-FDG PET imaging detected LV diastolic dysfunction while systolic function was still preserved. This might open avenues for an early detection of HF onset in high-risk type 2 diabetes before cardiac symptoms become apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf A Werner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christoph Eissler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Nobuyuki Hayakawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Paula Arias-Loza
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Wakabayashi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mehrbod S Javadi
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tetsuya Shinaji
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Theo Pelzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. .,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. .,Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cardiovascular and Cerebral Research Center, Suita, Japan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular complications are major causes of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. The mechanisms underlying the progression of diabetic heart (DH) to ventricular arrhythmias are unclear. O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) is a reversible post-translational modification for the regulation of diverse cellular processes. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav1.5) is subjected to O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc), which plays an essential role in DH-induced arrhythmias. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats (male, 200-230 g) were treated with a single high-dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 80 mg/kg) to generate a rat model of diabetes. STZ-induced 3-month diabetic rats displayed increased susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias. The elevated O-GlcNAc modification was correlated with decreases in both total and cytoplasmic Nav1.5 expression in vivo and in vitro. In addition, both co-immunoprecipitation and immunostaining assays demonstrated that hyperglycemia could increase the O-GlcNAc-modified Nav1.5 levels and decrease the interaction between Nav1.5 and Nav1.5-binding proteins Nedd4-2/SAP-97. Furthermore, patch-clamp measurements in HEK-293 T cells showed that Nav1.5 current densities decreased by 30% after high-glucose treatment, and the sodium currents increased via O-GlcNAc inhibition. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that hyperglycemia increased the O-GlcNAc modification of Nav1.5 expression and decreased the interaction between Nav1.5 and Nedd4-2/SAP-97, which led to the abnormal expression and distribution of Nav1.5, loss of function of the sodium channel, and prolongation of the PR/QT interval. Excessive O-GlcNAc modification of Nav1.5 is a novel signaling event, which may be an underlying contributing factor for the development of the arrhythmogenesis in DH.
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17
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Lum-Naihe K, Toedebusch R, Mahmood A, Bajwa J, Carmack T, Kumar SA, Ardhanari S, DeMarco VG, Emter CA, Pulakat L. Cardiovascular disease progression in female Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats occurs via unique mechanisms compared to males. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17823. [PMID: 29259233 PMCID: PMC5736602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Population studies have shown that compared to diabetic men, diabetic women are at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms underlying this gender disparity are unclear. Our studies in young murine models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease show that diabetic male rats develop increased cardiac fibrosis and suppression of intracardiac anti-fibrotic cytokines, while premenopausal diabetic female rats do not. This protection from cardiac fibrosis in female rats can be an estrogen-related effect. However, diabetic female rats develop early subclinical myocardial deformation, cardiac hypertrophy via elevated expression of pro-hypertrophic miR-208a, myocardial damage, and suppression of cardio-reparative Angiotensin II receptor 2 (Agtr2). Diabetic rats of both sexes exhibit a reduction in cardiac capillary density. However, diabetic female rats have reduced expression of neuropilin 1 that attenuates cardiomyopathy compared to diabetic male rats. A combination of cardiac hypertrophy and reduced capillary density likely contributed to increased myocardial structural damage in diabetic female rats. We propose expansion of existing cardiac assessments in diabetic female patients to detect myocardial deformation, cardiac hypertrophy and capillary density via non-invasive imaging, as well as suggest miR-208a, AT2R and neuropilin 1 as potential therapeutic targets and mechanistic biomarkers for cardiac disease in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Lum-Naihe
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Ryan Toedebusch
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, 134 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Abuzar Mahmood
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, 134 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Jamal Bajwa
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Terry Carmack
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Senthil A Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Sivakumar Ardhanari
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Craig A Emter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, 1600 E Rollins, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, 134 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Lakshmi Pulakat
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA. .,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Universtiy of Missouri, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, 134 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA. .,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
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18
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Li T, Chen S, Guo X, Yang J, Sun Y. Impact of hypertension with or without diabetes on left ventricular remodeling in rural Chinese population: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017; 17:206. [PMID: 28750662 PMCID: PMC5531001 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-017-0642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the impact of hypertension with or without diabetes on left ventricular (LV) remodeling in rural Chinese population. Methods A total of 10,270 participants were classified into control group, hypertension without diabetes (HT) group, and hypertension with diabetes (HT + DM) group. We compared clinical characteristics and echocardiographic parameters, and used multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess the associations of interest. Results HT + DM group had higher interventricular septal thickness (IVSd), posterior wall thickness (PWTd), left ventricular mass (LVM), LVM index (LVMI), relative wall thickness (RWT), left atrial diameter (LAD), A wave and lower E wave than HT group (all P < 0.05). The prevalence rates of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and abnormal geometry were statistically different among three groups (P < 0.001) and eccentric hypertrophy was the highest proportion of geometry abnormality. Logistic regression analysis suggested that subjects in HT and HT + DM groups had odds ratio (OR) values of 2.81, 4.41, 2.24 and 3.94, 7.20, 2.38 for LVH, concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy in the total population, respectively, compared to control group. When compared with HT group, those in HT + DM group had approximately 1.40-, 1.61- and 1.38-, 1.71-fold increased risk for LVH and concentric hypertrophy in the total and female population separately, but no association of HT + DM with LVH and abnormal geometrical patterns was found in men. Conclusions This study demonstrated that, to varying degrees, hypertension was associated with LV remodeling in rural Chinese population, and this risk association was obviously increased for LVH and concentric hypertrophy when accompanied by diabetes, especially for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Silva FS, Bortolin RH, Araújo DN, Marques DE, Lima JPM, Rezende AA, Vieira WH, Silva NB, Medeiros KC, Ackermann PW, Abreu BJ, Dias FA. Exercise training ameliorates matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 messenger RNA expression and mitigates adverse left ventricular remodeling in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Cardiovasc Pathol 2017; 29:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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20
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Differential Regulation of Cardiac Function and Intracardiac Cytokines by Rapamycin in Healthy and Diabetic Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5724046. [PMID: 28408970 PMCID: PMC5376943 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5724046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is comorbid with cardiovascular disease and impaired immunity. Rapamycin improves cardiac functions and extends lifespan by inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). However, in diabetic murine models, Rapamycin elevates hyperglycemia and reduces longevity. Since Rapamycin is an immunosuppressant, we examined whether Rapamycin (750 μg/kg/day) modulates intracardiac cytokines, which affect the cardiac immune response, and cardiac function in male lean (ZL) and diabetic obese Zucker (ZO) rats. Rapamycin suppressed levels of fasting triglycerides, insulin, and uric acid in ZO but increased glucose. Although Rapamycin improved multiple diastolic parameters (E/E′, E′/A′, E/Vp) initially, these improvements were reversed or absent in ZO at the end of treatment, despite suppression of cardiac fibrosis and phosphoSer473Akt. Intracardiac cytokine protein profiling and Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis indicated suppression of intracardiac immune defense in ZO, in response to Rapamycin treatment in both ZO and ZL. Rapamycin increased fibrosis in ZL without increasing phosphoSer473Akt and differentially modulated anti-fibrotic IL-10, IFNγ, and GM-CSF in ZL and ZO. Therefore, fundamental difference in intracardiac host defense between diabetic ZO and healthy ZL, combined with differential regulation of intracardiac cytokines by Rapamycin in ZO and ZL hearts, underlies differential cardiac outcomes of Rapamycin treatment in health and diabetes.
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21
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A mini-network balance model for evaluating the progression of cardiovascular complications in Goto-Kakizaki rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:362-370. [PMID: 28042873 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications represent a leading cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). During such complicated progression, subtle variations in the cardiovascular risk (CVR)-related biomarkers have been used to identify cardiovascular disease at the incipient stage. In this study we attempt to integrally characterize the progression of cardiovascular complications and to assess the beneficial effects of metformin combined with salvianolic acid A (Sal A), in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats with spontaneous T2DM. The rats were treated with metformin (200 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig) alone or in combination with Sal A (1 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip) at ages from 8 to 22 weeks. During the treatment, the levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine, L-arginine, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glucose, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein were assessed. Based on alterations in these biomarkers, a mini-network balance model was established using matrixes and vectors. Radar charts were created to visually depict the disruption of CVR-related modules (endothelial function, oxidative stress, glycation and lipid profiles). The description for the progression of cardiovascular disorder was quantitatively represented by u, the dynamic parameter of the model. The modeling results suggested that untreated GK rats tended to have more severe cardiovascular complications than the treatment groups. Metformin monotherapy retarded disease deterioration, whereas the combination treatment ameliorated the disease progression via restoring the balance. The current study, which focused on the balance of the mini-network and interactions among CVR-related modules, proposes a novel method for evaluating the progression of cardiovascular complications in T2DM as well as a more beneficial intervention strategy.
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22
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Wong SK, Chin KY, Suhaimi FH, Fairus A, Ima-Nirwana S. Animal models of metabolic syndrome: a review. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:65. [PMID: 27708685 PMCID: PMC5050917 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) consists of several medical conditions that collectively predict the risk for cardiovascular disease better than the sum of individual conditions. The risk of developing MetS in human depends on synergy of both genetic and environmental factors. Being a multifactorial condition with alarming rate of prevalence nowadays, establishment of appropriate experimental animal models mimicking the disease state in humans is crucial in order to solve the difficulties in evaluating the pathophysiology of MetS in human. This review aims to summarize the underlying mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of dietary, genetic, and pharmacological models of MetS. Furthermore, we will discuss the usefulness, suitability, pros and cons of these animal models. Even though numerous animal models of MetS have been established, further investigations on the invention of new animal model and clarification of plausible mechanisms are still necessary to confer a better understanding to researchers on the selection of animal models for their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Farihah Hj Suhaimi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fairus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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23
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McPherson KC, Taylor L, Johnson AC, Didion SP, Geurts AM, Garrett MR, Williams JM. Early development of podocyte injury independently of hyperglycemia and elevations in arterial pressure in nondiabetic obese Dahl SS leptin receptor mutant rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F793-F804. [PMID: 27465994 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00590.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study examined the effect of obesity on the development of renal injury within the genetic background of the Dahl salt-sensitive rat with a dysfunctional leptin receptor derived from zinc-finger nucleases (SSLepRmutant strain). At 6 wk of age, body weight was 35% higher in the SSLepRmutant strain compared with SSWT rats and remained elevated throughout the entire study. The SSLepRmutant strain exhibited impaired glucose tolerance and increased plasma insulin levels at 6 wk of age, suggesting insulin resistance while SSWT rats did not. However, blood glucose levels were normal throughout the course of the study. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was similar between the two strains from 6 to 10 wk of age. However, by 18 wk of age, the development of hypertension was more severe in the SSLepRmutant strain compared with SSWT rats (201 ± 10 vs. 155 ± 3 mmHg, respectively). Interestingly, proteinuria was substantially higher at 6 wk of age in the SSLepRmutant strain vs. SSWT rats (241 ± 27 vs. 24 ± 2 mg/day, respectively) and remained elevated until the end of the study. The kidneys from the SSLepRmutant strain displayed significant glomerular injury, including podocyte foot process effacement and lipid droplets compared with SSWT rats as early as 6 wk of age. By 18 wk of age, plasma creatinine levels were twofold higher in the SSLepRmutant strain vs. SSWT rats, suggesting the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Overall, these results indicate that the SSLepRmutant strain develops podocyte injury and proteinuria independently of hyperglycemia and elevated arterial pressure that later progresses to CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasi C McPherson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Lateia Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Ashley C Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Sean P Didion
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Jan M Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
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Linz D, Hohl M, Dhein S, Ruf S, Reil JC, Kabiri M, Wohlfart P, Verheule S, Böhm M, Sadowski T, Schotten U. Cathepsin A mediates susceptibility to atrial tachyarrhythmia and impairment of atrial emptying function in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:371-80. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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25
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van Haare J, Kooi ME, Vink H, Post MJ, van Teeffelen JWGE, Slenter J, Munts C, Cobelens H, Strijkers GJ, Koehn D, van Bilsen M. Early impairment of coronary microvascular perfusion capacity in rats on a high fat diet. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:150. [PMID: 26576929 PMCID: PMC4650915 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It remains to be established if, and to what extent, the coronary microcirculation becomes compromised during the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Recent studies suggest that changes in endothelial glycocalyx properties contribute to microvascular dysfunction under (pre-)diabetic conditions. Accordingly, early effects of diet-induced obesity on myocardial perfusion and function were studied in rats under baseline and hyperaemic conditions. Methods Rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks and myocardial microvascular perfusion was determined using first-pass perfusion MRI before and after adenosine infusion. The effect of HFD on microcirculatory properties was also assessed by sidestream darkfield (SDF) imaging of the gastrocnemius muscle. Results HFD-fed rats developed central obesity and insulin sensitivity was reduced as evidenced by the marked reduction in insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt in both cardiac and gastrocnemius muscle. Early diet-induced obesity did not lead to hypertension or cardiac hypertrophic remodeling. In chow-fed, control rats a robust increase in cardiac microvascular perfusion was observed upon adenosine infusion (+40 %; p < 0.05). In contrast, the adenosine response was abrogated in rats on a HFD (+8 %; N.S.). HFD neither resulted in rarefaction or loss of glycocalyx integrity in skeletal muscle, nor reduced staining intensity of the glycocalyx of cardiac capillaries. Conclusions Alterations in coronary microcirculatory function as assessed by first-pass perfusion MRI represent one of the earliest obesity-related cardiac adaptations that can be assessed non-invasively. In this early stage of insulin resistance, disturbances in glycocalyx barrier properties appeared not to contribute to the observed changes in coronary microvascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith van Haare
- Department of Physiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - M Eline Kooi
- Department of Radiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans Vink
- Department of Physiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mark J Post
- Department of Physiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jurgen W G E van Teeffelen
- Department of Physiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos Slenter
- Department of Radiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Chantal Munts
- Department of Physiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hanneke Cobelens
- Department of Physiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Dennis Koehn
- Pie Medical Imaging, P.O. Box 1132, 6201 BC, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marc van Bilsen
- Department of Physiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Haley JM, Thackeray JT, Thorn SL, DaSilva JN. Cardiac β-Adrenoceptor Expression Is Reduced in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats as Type-2 Diabetes Progresses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127581. [PMID: 25996498 PMCID: PMC4440709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Reduced cardiac β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) expression and cardiovascular dysfunction occur in models of hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. Cardiac β-AR expression in type-2 diabetes models of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, remain less clear. This study investigates cardiac β-AR expression in type-2 diabetic Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Methods Ex vivo biodistribution experiments with [3H]CGP12177 were performed in Zucker lean (ZL) and ZDF rats at 10 and 16 weeks of age as diabetes develops. Blood glucose, body mass, and diet consumption were measured. Western blotting of β-AR subtypes was completed in parallel. Echocardiography was performed at 10 and 16 weeks to assess systolic and diastolic function. Fasted plasma insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), leptin and fed-state insulin were also measured. Results At 10 weeks, myocardial [3H]CGP12177 was normal in hyperglycemic ZDF (17±4.1mM) compared to ZL, but reduced 16-25% at 16 weeks of age as diabetes and hyperglycemia (22±2.4mM) progressed. Reduced β-AR expression not apparent at 10 weeks also developed by 16 weeks of age in ZDF brown adipose tissue. In the heart, Western blotting at 10 weeks indicated normal β1-AR (98±9%), reduced β2-AR (76±10%), and elevated β3-AR (108±6). At 16 weeks, β1-AR expression became reduced (69±16%), β2-AR expression decreased further (68±14%), and β3-AR remained elevated, similar to 10 weeks (112±9%). While HR was reduced at 10 and 16 weeks in ZDF rats, no significant changes were observed in diastolic or systolic function. Conclusions Cardiac β-AR are reduced over 6 weeks of sustained hyperglycemia in type-2 diabetic ZDF rats. This indicates cardiac [3H]CGP12177 retention and β1- and β2-AR expression are inversely correlated with the progression of type-2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Blood Glucose
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Echocardiography
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Diseases/diagnosis
- Heart Diseases/etiology
- Heart Diseases/genetics
- Heart Diseases/metabolism
- Heart Diseases/physiopathology
- Hyperglycemia/genetics
- Hyperglycemia/metabolism
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin/metabolism
- Leptin/blood
- Leptin/metabolism
- Male
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Zucker
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Haley
- Cardiac PET Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y4W7
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Roger Guindon Hall, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H8M5
| | - James T. Thackeray
- Cardiac PET Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y4W7
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Roger Guindon Hall, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H8M5
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Street 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie L. Thorn
- Cardiac PET Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y4W7
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Roger Guindon Hall, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H8M5
- Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, United States of America
| | - Jean N. DaSilva
- Cardiac PET Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y4W7
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Roger Guindon Hall, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H8M5
- Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Montreal, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
- * E-mail:
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Lu Y, Liu Y, Li H, Wang X, Wu W, Gao L. Effect and mechanisms of zinc supplementation in protecting against diabetic cardiomyopathy in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2015; 15:14-20. [PMID: 25725139 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2015.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a prominent cause of heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus. Currently, there is no specific treatment for diabetic cardiomyopathy. This study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of Zinc (Zn) supplementation in the protection against diabetic cardiomyopathy in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM-like lesions in male Wistar rats were induced by introducing the high-fat diet and by administration of streptozocin (STZ). After STZ induction, animals with fasting plasma glucose level ≥16.7 mM were considered as diabetic, and randomly assigned to the group receiving physiological saline (control) or ZnSO4 for 56 days. On days 0, 7, 28 and 56 of treatment, animals were weighed, and their blood samples were analyzed. On day 56, hemodynamic assessment was performed right before the sacrifice of animals. Cardiac tissue specimens were collected and subjected to pathologic assessment, metallothionein (MT) concentration measurement and Western blot analysis of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), the marker of autophagy, and glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78), an oxidative stress marker. High-fat diet feeding followed by STZ administration resulted in weight loss, hyperglycemia, polydipsia, polyphagia, hemodynamic anomalies and a significant increase in the myocardial content of LC3 and GRP78 proteins, but not in MT protein. Zn supplementation effectively attenuated all these aberrations induced by high-fat diet and STZ. These findings suggest that Zn might be a protective factor in diabetic cardiomyopathy, acting in two ways: at least partially, through inhibiting autophagy and by endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Bashir A, Coggan AR, Gropler RJ. In vivo creatine kinase reaction kinetics at rest and stress in type II diabetic rat heart. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/1/e12248. [PMID: 25626865 PMCID: PMC4387746 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of type II diabetes on cardiac creatine kinase (CK) enzyme activity and/or flux are unknown. We therefore measured steady‐state phosphocreatine (PCr) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and forward CK reaction kinetic parameters in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat hearts, a type II diabetes research model. At baseline the PCr to ATP ratio (PCr/ATP) was significantly lower in diabetic heart when compared with matched controls (1.71 ± 0.21 vs. 2.26 ± 0.24, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the forward CK reaction rate constant (kf) was higher in diabetic animals (0.52 ± 0.09 s−1 vs. 0.35 ± 0.06 s−1, P < 0.01) and CK flux calculated as a product of PCr concentration ([PCr]) and kf was similar between two groups (4.32 ± 1.05 μmol/g/s vs. 4.94 ± 1.23 μmol/g/s, P = 0.20). Dobutamine administration resulted in similar increases in heart rate (~38%) and kf (~0.12 s−1) in both groups. No significant change in PCr and ATP content was observed with dobutamine. In summary, our data showed reduced PCr/ATP in diabetic myocardium as an indicator of cardiac energy deficit. The forward CK reaction rate constant is elevated at baseline which might reflect a compensatory mechanics to support energy flux through the CK shuttle and maintain constant ATP supply. When hearts were stimulated similar increase in kf was observed in both groups thus it seems that CK shuttle does not limit ATP supply for the range of workload studied. Noninvasive 31P MRS was used to measure PCr concentration ([PCr]) and creatine kinase (CK) reaction flux in type II diabetic rat hearts. [PCr] was reduced in diabetic myocardium as compared to controls, indicative of impairment in mitochondrial ATP production. The forward CK reaction rate constant was elevated, possibly reflecting a compensatory mechanism to support increased flux through the CK shuttle required to support cardiac work. CK reaction velocity increased in both diabetic and control hearts to maintain constant ATP content at higher work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Bashir
- Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew R Coggan
- Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert J Gropler
- Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Fuentes-Antrás J, Picatoste B, Gómez-Hernández A, Egido J, Tuñón J, Lorenzo Ó. Updating experimental models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:656795. [PMID: 25973429 PMCID: PMC4417999 DOI: 10.1155/2015/656795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy entails a serious cardiac dysfunction induced by alterations in structure and contractility of the myocardium. This pathology is initiated by changes in energy substrates and occurs in the absence of atherothrombosis, hypertension, or other cardiomyopathies. Inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, steatosis, and apoptosis in the myocardium have been studied in numerous diabetic experimental models in animals, mostly rodents. Type I and type II diabetes were induced by genetic manipulation, pancreatic toxins, and fat and sweet diets, and animals recapitulate the main features of human diabetes and related cardiomyopathy. In this review we update and discuss the main experimental models of diabetic cardiomyopathy, analysing the associated metabolic, structural, and functional abnormalities, and including current tools for detection of these responses. Also, novel experimental models based on genetic modifications of specific related genes have been discussed. The study of specific pathways or factors responsible for cardiac failures may be useful to design new pharmacological strategies for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Fuentes-Antrás
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B. Picatoste
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Gómez-Hernández
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Egido
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Tuñón
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ó. Lorenzo
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- *Ó. Lorenzo:
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Radovits T, Korkmaz S, Mátyás C, Oláh A, Németh BT, Páli S, Hirschberg K, Zubarevich A, Gwanmesia PN, Li S, Loganathan S, Barnucz E, Merkely B, Szabó G. An altered pattern of myocardial histopathological and molecular changes underlies the different characteristics of type-1 and type-2 diabetic cardiac dysfunction. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:728741. [PMID: 25629059 PMCID: PMC4300149 DOI: 10.1155/2015/728741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that both types of diabetes mellitus (DM) lead to cardiac structural and functional changes. In this study we investigated and compared functional characteristics and underlying subcellular pathological features in rat models of type-1 and type-2 diabetic cardiomyopathy. Type-1 DM was induced by streptozotocin. For type-2 DM, Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats were used. Left ventricular pressure-volume analysis was performed to assess cardiac function. Myocardial nitrotyrosine immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay, hematoxylin-eosin, and Masson's trichrome staining were performed. mRNA and protein expression were quantified by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Marked systolic dysfunction in type-1 DM was associated with severe nitrooxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis. These pathological features were less pronounced or absent, while cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was comparable in type-2 DM, which was associated with unaltered systolic function and increased diastolic stiffness. mRNA-expression of hypertrophy markers c-fos, c-jun, and β-MHC, as well as pro-apoptotic caspase-12, was elevated in type-1, while it remained unaltered or only slightly increased in type-2 DM. Expression of the profibrotic TGF-β 1 was upregulated in type-1 and showed a decrease in type-2 DM. We compared type-1 and type-2 diabetic cardiomyopathy in standard rat models and described an altered pattern of key pathophysiological features in the diabetic heart and corresponding functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Radovits
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, INF 326 OG 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- *Tamás Radovits:
| | - Sevil Korkmaz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, INF 326 OG 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Csaba Mátyás
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Tamás Németh
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Páli
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, INF 326 OG 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Hirschberg
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, INF 326 OG 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alina Zubarevich
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, INF 326 OG 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia Neh Gwanmesia
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, INF 326 OG 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shiliang Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, INF 326 OG 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sivakkanan Loganathan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, INF 326 OG 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Enikő Barnucz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, INF 326 OG 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, INF 326 OG 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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31
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Sedgwick B, Riches K, Bageghni SA, O'Regan DJ, Porter KE, Turner NA. Investigating inherent functional differences between human cardiac fibroblasts cultured from nondiabetic and Type 2 diabetic donors. Cardiovasc Pathol 2014; 23:204-10. [PMID: 24746387 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) promotes adverse myocardial remodeling and increased risk of heart failure; effects that can occur independently of hypertension or coronary artery disease. As cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are key effectors of myocardial remodeling, we investigated whether inherent phenotypic differences exist in CF derived from T2DM donors compared with cells from nondiabetic (ND) donors. METHODS Cell morphology (cell area), proliferation (cell counting over 7-day period), insulin signaling [phospho-Akt and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) Western blotting], and mRNA expression of key remodeling genes [real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)] were compared in CF cultured from atrial tissue from 14 ND and 12 T2DM donors undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery. RESULTS The major finding was that Type I collagen (COL1A1) mRNA levels were significantly elevated by twofold in cells derived from T2DM donors compared with those from ND donors; changes reflected at the protein level. T2DM cells had similar proliferation rates but a greater variation in cell size and a trend towards increased cell area compared with ND cells. Insulin-induced Akt and ERK phosphorylation were similar in the two cohorts of cells. CONCLUSION CF from T2DM individuals possess an inherent profibrotic phenotype that may help to explain the augmented cardiac fibrosis observed in diabetic patients. MINI SUMMARY We investigated whether inherent phenotypic differences exist between CF cultured from donors with or without Type 2 diabetes. Cell morphology, proliferation, insulin signaling, and gene expression were compared between multiple cell populations. The major finding was that Type I collagen levels were elevated in fibroblasts from diabetic donors, which may help explain the augmented cardiac fibrosis observed with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony Sedgwick
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kirsten Riches
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sumia A Bageghni
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David J O'Regan
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - Karen E Porter
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Neil A Turner
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Beaudoin MS, Perry CGR, Arkell AM, Chabowski A, Simpson JA, Wright DC, Holloway GP. Impairments in mitochondrial palmitoyl-CoA respiratory kinetics that precede development of diabetic cardiomyopathy are prevented by resveratrol in ZDF rats. J Physiol 2014; 592:2519-33. [PMID: 24639481 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.270538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in lipid metabolism within the heart may have a causal role in the establishment of diabetic cardiomyopathy; however, this remains equivocal. Therefore, in the current study we determined cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetics in ZDF rats before overt type 2 diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy developed. In addition, we utilized resveratrol, a compound previously shown to improve, prevent or reverse cardiac dysfunction in high-fat-fed rodents, as a tool to potentially recover dysfunctions within mitochondria. Fasting blood glucose and invasive left ventricular haemodynamic analysis confirmed the absence of type 2 diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, fibrosis was already increased (P < 0.05) ∼70% in ZDF rats at this early stage in disease progression. Assessments of mitochondrial ADP and pyruvate respiratory kinetics in permeabilized fibres from the left ventricle revealed normal electron transport chain function and content. In contrast, the apparent Km to palmitoyl-CoA (P-CoA) was increased (P < 0.05) ∼60%, which was associated with an accumulation of intracellular triacylgycerol, diacylglycerol and ceramide species. In addition, the capacity for mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission was increased (P < 0.05) ∼3-fold in ZDF rats. The provision of resveratrol reduced fibrosis, P-CoA respiratory sensitivity, reactive lipid accumulation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission rates. Altogether the current data support the supposition that a chronic dysfunction within mitochondrial lipid-supported bioenergetics contributes to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy, as this was present before overt diabetes or cardiac dysfunction. In addition, we show that resveratrol supplementation prevents these changes, supporting the belief that resveratrol is a potent therapeutic approach for preventing diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Soleil Beaudoin
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Alicia M Arkell
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jeremy A Simpson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
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Wang B, Chandrasekera PC, Pippin JJ. Leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient rodent models: relevance for human type 2 diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2014; 10:131-45. [PMID: 24809394 PMCID: PMC4082168 DOI: 10.2174/1573399810666140508121012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Among the most widely used animal models in obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) research are the congenital leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient rodent models. These include the leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and the leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice, Zucker fatty rats, Zucker diabetic fatty rats, SHR/N-cp rats, and JCR:LA-cp rats. After decades of mechanistic and therapeutic research schemes with these animal models, many species differences have been uncovered, but researchers continue to overlook these differences, leading to untranslatable research. The purpose of this review is to analyze and comprehensively recapitulate the most common leptin/leptin receptor-based animal models with respect to their relevance and translatability to human T2DM. Our analysis revealed that, although these rodents develop obesity due to hyperphagia caused by abnormal leptin/leptin receptor signaling with the subsequent appearance of T2DM-like manifestations, these are in fact secondary to genetic mutations that do not reflect disease etiology in humans, for whom leptin or leptin receptor deficiency is not an important contributor to T2DM. A detailed comparison of the roles of genetic susceptibility, obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and diabetic complications as well as leptin expression, signaling, and other factors that confound translation are presented here. There are substantial differences between these animal models and human T2DM that limit reliable, reproducible, and translatable insight into human T2DM. Therefore, it is imperative that researchers recognize and acknowledge the limitations of the leptin/leptin receptor- based rodent models and invest in research methods that would be directly and reliably applicable to humans in order to advance T2DM management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John J Pippin
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, 5100 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
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Diamant M. Current studies of diabetic cardiomyopathy and the advancement of our knowledge: time to learn from history, guidelines, … and other disciplines? Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 14:115-7. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfr180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Diamant
- Diabetes Centre, Department of Internal Medicine; VU University Medical Centre; De Boelelaan 1117, PO Box 7057 1007 MB Amsterdam The Netherlands
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35
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Huynh K, Bernardo BC, McMullen JR, Ritchie RH. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: mechanisms and new treatment strategies targeting antioxidant signaling pathways. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 142:375-415. [PMID: 24462787 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among the diabetic population. Both experimental and clinical evidence suggest that diabetic subjects are predisposed to a distinct cardiomyopathy, independent of concomitant macro- and microvascular disorders. 'Diabetic cardiomyopathy' is characterized by early impairments in diastolic function, accompanied by the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The pathophysiology underlying diabetes-induced cardiac damage is complex and multifactorial, with elevated oxidative stress as a key contributor. We now review the current evidence of molecular disturbances present in the diabetic heart, and their role in the development of diabetes-induced impairments in myocardial function and structure. Our focus incorporates both the contribution of increased reactive oxygen species production and reduced antioxidant defenses to diabetic cardiomyopathy, together with modulation of protein signaling pathways and the emerging role of protein O-GlcNAcylation and miRNA dysregulation in the progression of diabetic heart disease. Lastly, we discuss both conventional and novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of left ventricular dysfunction in diabetic patients, from inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system, through recent evidence favoring supplementation of endogenous antioxidants for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Novel therapeutic strategies, such as gene therapy targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3K(p110α) signaling pathway, and miRNA dysregulation, are also reviewed. Targeting redox stress and protective protein signaling pathways may represent a future strategy for combating the ever-increasing incidence of heart failure in the diabetic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Huynh
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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36
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van Bilsen M, Daniels A, Brouwers O, Janssen BJA, Derks WJA, Brouns AE, Munts C, Schalkwijk CG, van der Vusse GJ, van Nieuwenhoven FA. Hypertension is a conditional factor for the development of cardiac hypertrophy in type 2 diabetic mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85078. [PMID: 24416343 PMCID: PMC3887022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with co-morbidities, including hypertension. Here we investigated if hypertension is a critical factor in myocardial remodeling and the development of cardiac dysfunction in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. METHODS Thereto, 14-wks-old male db/db mice and non-diabetic db/+ mice received vehicle or angiotensin II (AngII) for 4 wks to induce mild hypertension (n = 9-10 per group). Left ventricular (LV) function was assessed by serial echocardiography and during a dobutamine stress test. LV tissue was subjected to molecular and (immuno)histochemical analysis to assess effects on hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation. RESULTS Vehicle-treated diabetic mice neither displayed marked myocardial structural remodeling nor cardiac dysfunction. AngII-treatment did not affect body weight and fasting glucose levels, and induced a comparable increase in blood pressure in diabetic and control mice. Nonetheless, AngII-induced LV hypertrophy was significantly more pronounced in diabetic than in control mice as assessed by LV mass (increase +51% and +34%, respectively, p<0.01) and cardiomyocyte size (+53% and +31%, p<0.001). This was associated with enhanced LV mRNA expression of markers of hypertrophy and fibrosis and reduced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), while accumulation of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) and the expression levels of markers of inflammation were not altered. Moreover, AngII-treatment reduced LV fractional shortening and contractility in diabetic mice, but not in control mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the present findings indicate that type 2 diabetes in its early stage is not yet associated with adverse cardiac structural changes, but already renders the heart more susceptible to hypertension-induced hypertrophic remodeling.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Angiotensin II/adverse effects
- Animals
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Cell Size
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnostic imaging
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Dobutamine/pharmacology
- Gene Expression
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/diagnostic imaging
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnostic imaging
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Time Factors
- Ultrasonography
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc van Bilsen
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Anneleen Daniels
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Olaf Brouwers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ben J. A. Janssen
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. A. Derks
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka E. Brouns
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Munts
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Casper G. Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ger J. van der Vusse
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans A. van Nieuwenhoven
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Liu LCY, Damman K, Lipsic E, Maass AH, Rienstra M, Westenbrink BD. Heart failure highlights in 2012-2013. Eur J Heart Fail 2013; 16:122-32. [PMID: 24464645 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure has become the cardiovascular epidemic of the century. The European Journal of Heart Failure is dedicated to the advancement of knowledge in the field of heart failure management. In 2012 and 2013, several pioneering scientific discoveries and paradigm-shifting clinical trials have been published. In the current paper, we will discuss the most significant novel insights into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of heart failure that were published during this period. All relevant research areas are discussed, including pathophysiology, co-morbidities, arrhythmias, biomarkers, clinical trials, and device therapy, including left ventricular assist devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licette C Y Liu
- The Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ramírez E, Klett-Mingo M, Ares-Carrasco S, Picatoste B, Ferrarini A, Rupérez FJ, Caro-Vadillo A, Barbas C, Egido J, Tuñón J, Lorenzo Ó. Eplerenone attenuated cardiac steatosis, apoptosis and diastolic dysfunction in experimental type-II diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:172. [PMID: 24261558 PMCID: PMC4222723 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac steatosis and apoptosis are key processes in diabetic cardiomyopathy, but the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated, leading to a lack of effective therapy. The mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, eplerenone, has demonstrated anti-fibrotic actions in the diabetic heart. However, its effects on the fatty-acid accumulation and apoptotic responses have not been revealed. Methods Non-hypertensive Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats received eplerenone (25 mg/kg) or vehicle. Zucker Lean (ZL) rats were used as control (n = 10, each group). After 16 weeks, cardiac structure and function was examined, and plasma and hearts were isolated for biochemical and histological approaches. Cultured cardiomyocytes were used for in vitro assays to determine the direct effects of eplerenone on high fatty acid and high glucose exposed cells. Results In contrast to ZL, ZDF rats exhibited hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin-resistance, cardiac steatosis and diastolic dysfunction. The ZDF myocardium also showed increased mitochondrial oxidation and apoptosis. Importantly, eplerenone mitigated these events without altering hyperglycemia. In cultured cardiomyocytes, high-concentrations of palmitate stimulated the fatty-acid uptake (in detriment of glucose assimilation), accumulation of lipid metabolites, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Interestingly, fatty-acid uptake, ceramides formation and apoptosis were also significantly ameliorated by eplerenone. Conclusions By blocking mineralocorticoid receptors, eplerenone may attenuate cardiac steatosis and apoptosis, and subsequent remodelling and diastolic dysfunction in obese/type-II diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Óscar Lorenzo
- Cardiovascular Pathology laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Av, Reyes Católicos 2, Madrid 28040 Spain.
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Brouwers O, de Vos-Houben JMJ, Niessen PMG, Miyata T, van Nieuwenhoven F, Janssen BJA, Hageman G, Stehouwer CDA, Schalkwijk CG. Mild oxidative damage in the diabetic rat heart is attenuated by glyoxalase-1 overexpression. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15724-39. [PMID: 23899787 PMCID: PMC3759882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140815724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes significantly increases the risk of heart failure. The increase in advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and oxidative stress have been associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy. We recently demonstrated that there is a direct link between AGEs and oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate if a reduction of AGEs by overexpression of the glycation precursor detoxifying enzyme glyoxalase-I (GLO-I) can prevent diabetes-induced oxidative damage, inflammation and fibrosis in the heart. Diabetes was induced in wild-type and GLO-I transgenic rats by streptozotocin. After 24-weeks of diabetes, cardiac function was monitored with ultrasound under isoflurane anesthesia. Blood was drawn and heart tissue was collected for further analysis. Analysis with UPLC-MSMS showed that the AGE Nε-(1-carboxymethyl)lysine and its precursor 3-deoxyglucosone were significantly elevated in the diabetic hearts. Markers of oxidative damage, inflammation, and fibrosis were mildly up-regulated in the heart of the diabetic rats and were attenuated by GLO-I overexpression. In this model of diabetes, these processes were not accompanied by significant changes in systolic heart function, i.e., stroke volume, fractional shortening and ejection fraction. This study shows that 24-weeks of diabetes in rats induce early signs of mild cardiac alterations as indicated by an increase of oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis which are mediated, at least partially, by glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Brouwers
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, PO Box 616 (#14), 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (P.M.G.N.); (C.D.A.S.); (C.G.S.)
| | - Joyce M. J. de Vos-Houben
- Department of Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (J.M.J.V.-H.); (G.H.)
| | - Petra M. G. Niessen
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, PO Box 616 (#14), 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (P.M.G.N.); (C.D.A.S.); (C.G.S.)
| | - Toshio Miyata
- Centre of Translational and Advanced Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Frans van Nieuwenhoven
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; E-Mail:
| | - Ben J. A. Janssen
- Department of Pharmacology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; E-Mail:
| | - Geja Hageman
- Department of Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (J.M.J.V.-H.); (G.H.)
| | - Coen D. A. Stehouwer
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, PO Box 616 (#14), 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (P.M.G.N.); (C.D.A.S.); (C.G.S.)
| | - Casper G. Schalkwijk
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, PO Box 616 (#14), 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (P.M.G.N.); (C.D.A.S.); (C.G.S.)
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Reichelt ME, Mellor KM, Bell JR, Chandramouli C, Headrick JP, Delbridge LMD. Sex, sex steroids, and diabetic cardiomyopathy: making the case for experimental focus. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H779-92. [PMID: 23792676 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00141.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
More than three decades ago, the Framingham study revealed that cardiovascular risk is elevated for all diabetics and that this jeopardy is substantially accentuated for women in particular. Numerous studies have subsequently documented worsened cardiac outcomes for women. Given that estrogen and insulin exert major regulatory effects through common intracellular signaling pathways prominent in maintenance of cardiomyocyte function, a sex-hormone:diabetic-disease interaction is plausible. Underlying aspects of female cardiovascular pathophysiology that exaggerate cardiovascular diabetic risk may be identified, including increased vulnerability to coronary microvascular disease, age-dependent impairment of insulin-sensitivity, and differential susceptibility to hyperglycemia. Since Framingham, considerable progress has been made in the development of experimental models of diabetic disease states, including a diversity of genetic rodent models. Ample evidence indicates that animal models of both type 1 and 2 diabetes variably recapitulate aspects of diabetic cardiomyopathy including diastolic and systolic dysfunction, and cardiac structural pathology including fibrosis, loss of compliance, and in some instances ventricular hypertrophy. Perplexingly, little of this work has explored the relevance and mechanisms of sexual dimorphism in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Only a small number of experimental studies have addressed this question, yet the prospects for gaining important mechanistic insights from further experimental enquiry are considerable. The case for experimental interrogation of sex differences, and of sex steroid influences in the aetiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy, is particularly compelling-providing incentive for future investigation with ultimate therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Reichelt
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Guleria RS, Singh AB, Nizamutdinova IT, Souslova T, Mohammad AA, Kendall JA, Baker KM, Pan J. Activation of retinoid receptor-mediated signaling ameliorates diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in Zucker diabetic rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 57:106-18. [PMID: 23395853 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Retinoids, through activation of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR), have been linked to control glucose and lipid homeostasis, with effects on obesity and diabetes. However, the functional role of RAR and RXR in the development of DCM remains unclear. Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and lean rats were treated with Am580 (RARα agonist) or LGD1069 (RXR agonist) for 16 weeks, and cardiac function and metabolic alterations were determined. Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance were observed in ZDF rats. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was characterized in ZDF rats by increased oxidative stress, apoptosis, fibrosis, inflammation, activation of MAP kinases and NF-κB signaling and diminished Akt phosphorylation, along with decreased glucose transport and increased cardiac lipid accumulation, and ultimately diastolic dysfunction. Am580 and LGD1069 attenuated diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction and the pathological alterations, by improving glucose tolerance and insulin resistance; facilitating Akt activation and glucose utilization, and attenuating oxidative stress and interrelated MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways. Am580 inhibited body weight gain, attenuated the increased cardiac fatty acid uptake, β-oxidation and lipid accumulation in the hearts of ZDF rats. However, LGD1069 promoted body weight gain, hyperlipidemia and cardiac lipid accumulation. In conclusion, our data suggest that activation of RAR and RXR may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, further studies are necessary to clarify the role of RAR and RXR in the regulation of lipid metabolism and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeshwar S Guleria
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
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Olsen KB, Axelsen LN, Braunstein TH, Sørensen CM, Andersen CB, Ploug T, Holstein-Rathlou NH, Nielsen MS. Myocardial impulse propagation is impaired in right ventricular tissue of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:19. [PMID: 23327647 PMCID: PMC3561236 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular complications including arrhythmias, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be established. Decreased conduction velocity (CV), which is an independent risk factor for re-entry arrhythmias, is present in models with streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 1 diabetes. Whether CV is also disturbed in models of type 2 diabetes is currently unknown. Methods We used Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, as a model of type 2 diabetes, and their lean controls Zucker Diabetic Lean (ZDL) rats to investigate CV and its response to the anti-arrhythmic peptide analogue AAP10. Gap junction remodeling was examined by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Cardiac histomorphometry was examined by Masson`s Trichrome staining and intracellular lipid accumulation was analyzed by Bodipy staining. Results CV was significantly slower in ZDF rats (56±1.9 cm/s) compared to non-diabetic controls (ZDL, 66±1.6 cm/s), but AAP10 did not affect CV in either group. The total amount of Connexin43 (C×43) was identical between ZDF and ZDL rats, but the amount of lateralized C×43 was significantly increased in ZDF rats (42±12 %) compared to ZDL rats (30±8%), p<0.04. Judged by electrophoretic mobility, C×43 phosphorylation was unchanged between ZDF and ZDL rats. Also, no differences in cardiomyocyte size or histomorphometry including fibrosis were observed between groups, but the volume of intracellular lipid droplets was 4.2 times higher in ZDF compared to ZDL rats (p<0.01). Conclusion CV is reduced in type 2 diabetic ZDF rats. The CV disturbance may be partly explained by increased lateralization of C×43, but other factors are likely also involved. Our data indicates that lipotoxicity potentially may play a role in development of conduction disturbances and arrhythmias in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Boisen Olsen
- The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
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Alterations in glutathione redox metabolism, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function in the left ventricle of elderly Zucker diabetic fatty rat heart. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203193 PMCID: PMC3546687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat is a genetic model in which the homozygous (FA/FA) male animals develop obesity and type 2 diabetes. Morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular complications, due to increased oxidative stress and inflammatory signals, are the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. The precise molecular mechanism of contractile dysfunction and disease progression remains to be clarified. Therefore, we have investigated molecular and metabolic targets in male ZDF (30–34 weeks old) rat heart compared to age matched Zucker lean (ZL) controls. Hyperglycemia was confirmed by a 4-fold elevation in non-fasting blood glucose (478.43 ± 29.22 mg/dL in ZDF vs. 108.22 ± 2.52 mg/dL in ZL rats). An increase in reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation and oxidative protein carbonylation was observed in ZDF rats. A significant increase in CYP4502E1 activity accompanied by increased protein expression was also observed in diabetic rat heart. Increased expression of other oxidative stress marker proteins, HO-1 and iNOS was also observed. GSH concentration and activities of GSH-dependent enzymes, glutathione S-transferase and GSH reductase, were, however, significantly increased in ZDF heart tissue suggesting a compensatory defense mechanism. The activities of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, Complex I and Complex IV were significantly reduced in the heart ventricle of ZDF rats in comparison to ZL rats. Western blot analysis has also suggested a decreased expression of IκB-α and phosphorylated-JNK in diabetic heart tissue. Our results have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress in ZDF rats might be associated, at least in part, with altered NF-κB/JNK dependent redox cell signaling. These results might have implications in the elucidation of the mechanism of disease progression and designing strategies for diabetes prevention.
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Abstract
The study of diabetic cardiomyopathy is an area of significant interest given the strong association between diabetes and the risk of heart failure. Many unanswered questions remain regarding the clinical definition and pathogenesis of this metabolic cardiomyopathy. This article reviews the current understanding of diabetic cardiomyopathy with a particular emphasis on the unresolved issues that have limited translation of scientific discovery to patient bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Schilling
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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