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Molarius A, Persson C. Living conditions, lifestyle habits and health among adults before and after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Sweden - results from a cross-sectional population-based study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:171. [PMID: 35078430 PMCID: PMC8787439 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the public health consequences of COVID-19 pandemic showing data based on robust methods are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate mental and physical health as well as living conditions and lifestyle habits in the general population before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in Sweden. METHODS The study is based on 2273 persons 16-84 years who responded to the national public health survey in February-May 2020 in Värmland county (overall response rate 45%). The differences between early respondents (before the outbreak, n = 1711) and late respondents (after the outbreak, n = 562) were studied using multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for background characteristics: age, gender, educational level, and country of birth. The same analyses were also completed in the corresponding survey carried out in February-June 2018. RESULTS Statistically significant differences between the groups were obtained for economic difficulties and worry about losing one's job, which were more common among late respondents, and for sleeping difficulties, which were more common among early respondents after adjusting for background characteristics. There were no differences in other living conditions nor in lifestyle factors. Prevalence of good self-rated health, high blood pressure, aches in shoulders or neck, anxiety or worry and stress did not differ between the groups. In 2018, the only statistically significant difference between early and late respondents concerned economic difficulties. CONCLUSIONS Very few differences in living conditions, lifestyle factors and health were observed in the study population before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. The results suggest that, in addition to a possible decrease in sleeping difficulties, the prevalence of being worried about losing one's job increased among the employed after the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Molarius
- Centre for Clinical Research, Region Värmland, 651 85, Karlstad, Sweden. .,Department of Public Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
| | - Carina Persson
- Department for Sustainable Development, Region Örebro County, Örebro, Sweden
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2
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Sommer CG, Jørgensen LB, Blume B, Møller T, Skou ST, Harrison A, Tang LH. Dropout during a 12-week transitional exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programme: a mixed-methods prospective cohort study. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2022; 21:578-586. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvab119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Investigate the dropout rate during a 12-week transitional exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (exCR) programme focusing on a halfway transition phase between hospital and the municipality-based cardiac rehabilitation. Secondly, investigate patient characteristics associated with dropout at the transition.
Methods and results
Patients with coronary heart disease, heart failure, or heart valve surgery referred to exCR were included in a prospective cohort study conducted between 1 March 2018 and 28 February 2019 at Zealand University Hospital. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation was initiated at the hospital with a halfway transitional to local healthcare centres in the municipalities. Dropouts were identified every third week through telephone interviews. A Kaplan–Meier time-to-event analysis was used to investigate time to dropout, while multiple logistic regression assessed associations between patient characteristics and dropout at the transition. Of 560 patients eligible for exCR, 279 participated in the study. Fourteen patients were lost to follow-up and 103 dropped out, resulting in a dropout rate of 39% [95% confidence interval (CI) 33–45%]. Of the 103 dropouts, 72 patients (70%) dropped out at the transition. In the adjusted analysis, patients attached to the labour market were associated with dropout at the transition [odds ratio (OR) = 6.31 (95% CI 2.04–19.54)]. Furthermore, odds of dropping out at transition were reduced for each extra exercise session attended [OR = 0.79 (95% CI 0.66–0.94)].
Conclusion
The transition phase constitutes a critical dropout period in exCR, in which increased attention on patient adherence is needed. In clinical practice, communication and strategies addressing patient retention across settings could be essential to prevent dropout in transitional exCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Greve Sommer
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lars Bo Jørgensen
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Region Zealand, Fælledvej 2c, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
- Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Blume
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Tom Møller
- The University Hospitals Centre for Health Research (UCSF), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Department 9701, Ryesgade 27, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Thorgaard Skou
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Region Zealand, Fælledvej 2c, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
- Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Alexander Harrison
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building Heslington York, YO10 5DD England, UK
| | - Lars Hermann Tang
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Region Zealand, Fælledvej 2c, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, 3 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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McBride E, Mase H, Kerrison RS, Marlow LAV, Waller J. Improving postal survey response using behavioural science: a nested randomised control trial. BMC Med Res Methodol 2021; 21:280. [PMID: 34922447 PMCID: PMC8684081 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-021-01476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systematic reviews have identified effective strategies for increasing postal response rates to questionnaires; however, most studies have isolated single techniques, testing the effect of each one individually. Despite providing insight into explanatory mechanisms, this approach lacks ecological validity, given that multiple techniques are often combined in routine practice. Methods We used a two-armed parallel randomised controlled trial (n = 2702), nested within a cross-sectional health survey study, to evaluate whether using a pragmatic combination of behavioural science and evidenced-based techniques (e.g., personalisation, social norms messaging) in a study invitation letter increased response to the survey, when compared with a standard invitation letter. Participants and outcome assessors were blinded to group assignment. We tested this in a sample of women testing positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) at cervical cancer screening in England. Results Overall, 646 participants responded to the survey (response rate [RR] = 23.9%). Logistic regression revealed higher odds of response in the intervention arm (n = 357/1353, RR = 26.4%) compared with the control arm (n = 289/1349, RR = 21.4%), while adjusting for age, deprivation, clinical site, and clinical test result (aOR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.09–1.55). Conclusion Applying easy-to-implement behavioural science and evidence-based methods to routine invitation letters improved postal response to a health-related survey, whilst adjusting for demographic characteristics. Our findings provide support for the pragmatic adoption of combined techniques in routine research to increase response to postal surveys. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN15113095. Registered 7 May 2019 – retrospectively registered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12874-021-01476-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily McBride
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
| | - Hiromi Mase
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Robert S Kerrison
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London (UCL), London, UK.,School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Laura A V Marlow
- Cancer Prevention Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London (KCL), London, UK
| | - Jo Waller
- Cancer Prevention Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London (KCL), London, UK
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Öjefors Stark K, Olofsson N. Daily moderate-intensity physical activities and optimism promote healthy ageing in rural northern Sweden: a cross-sectional study. Int J Circumpolar Health 2021; 80:1867439. [PMID: 33463403 PMCID: PMC7833011 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2020.1867439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to explore the association between self-reported health factors and self-rated health (SRH) among an older rural population in northern Sweden and whether confounders optimistic outlook or daily moderate-intensity physical activity could moderate the association between self-reported health factors and SRH, controlling for age. The study is based on a sample (N = 1946) from the “Health on Equal Terms” Västernorrland survey 2018 aged 65–84. Prevalence and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. The results indicated most rural older people perceived very good or good SRH, though physical and mental health issues and impaired mobility increased with advanced age. Mental well-being exhibited a stronger association with poor SRH than physical health or impaired mobility. In addition, confounders optimistic outlook and daily moderate-intensity physical activity, separately and together could moderate the association between health factors and poor SRH. In conclusion, older people in a rural setting perceived good health, despite common physical and mental health issues. Promoting daily moderate-intensity physical activity and activities contributing to an optimistic outlook can protect against poor SRH in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niclas Olofsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University , Sundsvall, Sweden.,Department of Research and Development, Region Västernorrland , Sundsvall, Sweden
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A continuity of care project with two on-call schedules: Findings from a rural area in Sweden. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2020; 26:100551. [PMID: 32950811 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2020.100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many countries, various continuity models of midwifery care arrangements have been developed to benefit women and babies. In Sweden, such models are rare. AIM To evaluate two on-call schedules for enabling continuity of midwifery care during labour and birth, in a rural area of Sweden. METHOD A participatory action research project where the project was discussed, planned and implemented in collaboration between researchers, midwives and the project leader, and refined during the project period. Questionnaires were collected from participating women, in mid pregnancy and two months after birth. RESULT One of the models resulted in a higher degree of continuity, especially for women with fear of birth. Having a known midwife was associated with higher satisfaction in the medical (aOR 2.02 (95% CI 1.14-4.22) and the emotional (aOR 2.05; 1.09-3.86) aspects of intrapartum care, regardless of the model. CONCLUSION This study presented and evaluated two models of continuity with different on-call schedules and different possibilities for women to have access to a known midwife during labour and birth. Women were satisfied with the intrapartum care, and those who had had a known midwife were the most satisfied. Introducing a new model of care in a rural area where the labour ward recently closed challenged both the midwives' working conditions and women's access to evidence-based care.
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Zheng Z, Rebholz CM, Matsushita K, Hoffman-Bolton J, Blaha MJ, Selvin E, Wruck L, Sharrett AR, Coresh J. Survival advantage of cohort participation attenuates over time: results from three long-standing community-based studies. Ann Epidemiol 2020; 45:40-46.e4. [PMID: 32371044 PMCID: PMC7294871 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cohort participants usually have lower mortality rates than nonparticipants, but it is unclear if this survival advantage decreases or increases as cohort studies age. METHODS We used a 1975 private census of Washington County, Maryland, to compare mortality among cohort participants to nonparticipants for three cohorts, Campaign Against Cancer and Stroke (CLUE I), Campaign Against Cancer and Heart Disease (CLUE II), and Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) initiated in 1974, 1989, and 1986, respectively. We analyzed mortality risk using time-truncated Cox regression models. RESULTS Participants had lower mortality risk in the first 10 years of follow-up compared with nonparticipants (fully adjusted average hazard ratio [95% confidence intervals] were 0.72 [0.68, 0.77] in CLUE I, 0.69 [0.65, 0.73] in CLUE II, and 0.74 [0.63, 0.86] in ARIC), which persisted over 20 years of follow-up (0.81 [0.78, 0.84] in CLUE I, 0.87 [0.84, 0.91] in CLUE II, and 0.90 [0.83, 0.97] in ARIC). This lower average hazard for mortality among participants compared with nonparticipants attenuated with longer follow-up (0.99 [0.96, 1.01] after 30+ years in CLUE I, 1.02 [0.99, 1.05] after 30 years in CLUE II, and 0.95 [0.89, 1.00] after 30+ years in ARIC). In ARIC, participants who did not attend visits had higher mortality, but those who did attend visits had similar mortality to the community. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the volunteer selection for mortality in long-standing epidemiologic cohort studies often diminishes as the cohort ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Zheng
- The Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Casey M Rebholz
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Judith Hoffman-Bolton
- George W. Comstock Center for Public Health Research and Prevention, Johns Hopkins University, Hagerstown, MD
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lisa Wruck
- Center for Preventive Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - A Richey Sharrett
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Josef Coresh
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Pitcher MH, Von Korff M, Bushnell MC, Porter L. Prevalence and Profile of High-Impact Chronic Pain in the United States. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2019; 20:146-160. [PMID: 30096445 PMCID: PMC8822465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The multidimensional nature of chronic pain is not reflected by definitions based solely on pain duration, resulting in high prevalence estimates limiting effective policy development. The newly proposed concept of high-impact chronic pain (HICP) incorporates both disability and pain duration to identify a more severely impacted portion of the chronic pain population yet remains uncharacterized at the population level. As such, we used the 2011 National Health Interview Survey (N = 15,670) to 1) assess the likelihood of disability in the overall chronic pain population, 2) estimate the prevalence of HICP, and 3) characterize the disability, health status, and health care use profile of this population in the United States. Overall, chronic pain, defined as pain experienced on most days or every day in the previous 3 months, was strongly associated with an increased risk of disability after controlling for other chronic health conditions (odds ratio = 4.43; 95% confidence interval = 3.73−5.26), where disability was more likely in those with chronic pain than in those with stroke or kidney failure, among others. HICP affected 4.8% of the U.S. adult population, or approximately 10.6 million individuals, in 2011. The HICP population reported more severe pain and more mental health and cognitive impairments than persons with chronic pain without disability, and was also more likely to report worsening health, more difficulty with self-care, and greater health care use. HICP clearly represents a more severely impacted portion of the chronic pain population. Understanding this heterogeneity will contribute to developing more effective legislation promoting safe and cost-effective approaches to the prevention and treatment of chronic pain.
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Pelletier L, O'Donnell S, McRae L, Grenier J. The burden of generalized anxiety disorder in Canada. HEALTH PROMOTION AND CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION IN CANADA-RESEARCH POLICY AND PRACTICE 2017; 37:54-62. [PMID: 28273041 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.37.2.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is common and disabling, there are few Canadian studies on this mental illness. We compared the characteristics, health status, health services use and health care needs of Canadians with GAD to those with depression. METHODS Data are from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health, which surveyed a nationally representative sample of Canadians aged 15 years and older (n = 23 709; response rate of 68.9%). The respondents we studied had selfreported symptoms compatible with GAD and/or major depressive episode (MDE) in the preceding 12 months (n = 1598). Estimates were weighted to represent the Canadian household population. We performed descriptive and multinomial multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS In 2012, an estimated 700 000 (2.5%) Canadians aged 15 years and older reported symptoms compatible with GAD in the previous 12 months. MDE symptoms co-occurred in 50% of these individuals. Those with GAD only reported fair/poor perceived health (29.7%), moderate to severe psychological distress (81.2%) and moderate to severe disability (28.1%) comparable to (or even slightly worse) than those with MDE only (24.7%, 78.8% and 24.8% respectively). Those with comorbid GAD and MDE demonstrated the worst health outcomes; 47.3% of them reported fair/poor perceived health, 94.0% reported moderate to severe psychological distress and 52.4% reported moderate to severe disability. Nearly 50% of those with comorbid GAD and MDE reported that their need for health care was not met or only partially met, compared to about 30% of those with GAD or MDE only. CONCLUSION While GAD is associated with levels of distress and disability comparable to (or slightly worse) than those affected by MDE only, the health status of those with comorbid disease is significantly worse than those with GAD or MDE only. Improved diagnosis, screening for comorbidity and management are essential to minimize the impacts of this mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Pelletier
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siobhan O'Donnell
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louise McRae
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Grenier
- Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort (IRHM), C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Granström F, Eriksson HG, Molarius A. Economic stress and condescending treatment in childhood and adult self-rated health: results from a population study in Sweden. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:489. [PMID: 28532399 PMCID: PMC5441006 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even today, 12% of the children in Sweden live in poverty and many children are exposed to adverse experiences, such as being bullied, which may have long-term consequences on public health. This study examined the associations between economic stress and condescending treatment in childhood and self-rated health (SRH) in adulthood. METHODS The study is based on 26,706 persons who responded to a postal survey questionnaire sent to a random sample of men and women aged 25-84 years in 2012 (response rate 53%). The associations between childhood circumstances and adult SRH were analysed by logistic regression, adjusting for sex, age, economic stress in adulthood, condescending treatment in adulthood, socioeconomic status and several other known material, behavioural and psychosocial risk factors. RESULTS In total, 39% of both men and women reported economic stress in their family during childhood. 36% of the men and 41% of the women indicated that they had been treated in a condescending manner, e.g. in school or at home, during childhood. Both economic stress in childhood and condescending treatment in childhood were strongly associated with adult SRH. The associations attenuated, but were still statistically significant after adjustment for adulthood circumstances and other risk factors. CONCLUSION Economic stress in childhood and condescending treatment in childhood were associated with SRH in adulthood, both independently and through adulthood circumstances. The results underline the importance of taking into account both material and psychosocial circumstances over the whole life course when developing public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Granström
- Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hans-Georg Eriksson
- Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Anu Molarius
- Competence Centre for Health, Region Västmanland, 721 89 Västerås, Sweden
- Department of Public Health, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
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Lundin A, Danielsson AK, Hallgren M, Torgén M. Effect of Screening and Advising on Alcohol Habits in Sweden: A Repeated Population Survey Following Nationwide Implementation of Screening and Brief Intervention. Alcohol Alcohol 2017; 52:190-196. [PMID: 28182210 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agw086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lundin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mats Hallgren
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Torgén
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Edman K, Holmlund A, Nordström B, Öhrn K. Attitudes to dental care, Sweden 2003-2013, and clinical correlates of oral health-related quality of life in 2013. Int J Dent Hyg 2017; 16:257-266. [PMID: 28133937 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Edman
- Center for Oral Rehabilitation; Public Dental Services; Falun Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Medical Faculty; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - A Holmlund
- Public Dental Services; Gävleborg Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research; Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg; Gävle Sweden
| | - B Nordström
- Center for Public Dental Services; Falun Sweden
| | - K Öhrn
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies; Falun Sweden
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12
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Edman K, Öhrn K, Nordström B, Holmlund A. Prevalence of dental caries and influencing factors, time trends over a 30-year period in an adult population. Epidemiological studies between 1983 and 2013 in the county of Dalarna, Sweden. Acta Odontol Scand 2016; 74:385-92. [PMID: 27215270 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2016.1163733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries in an adult population using four different cross-sectional studies over a 30-year period and to assess its possible associations with socio-economic and socio-behavioural factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four cross-sectional epidemiological studies were performed in the county of Dalarna, Sweden, in 1983, 2003, 2008 and 2013. Random samples of 1012-2244 individuals, aged 20-85 years, who answered a questionnaire about socio-economic and socio-behavioural factors, were radiographically and clinically examined. RESULTS The proportion of individuals with at least one decayed surface (DS) was 58% in 1983 and significantly lower, 34% in 2008 (p < 0.05) and 33% in 2013; the mean number of DS was 2.0 in 1983 and 1.1 in 2013 in the age group 35-75 (p < 0.05). In the age group 85, the mean number of DS was 1.2 in 2008 and 2.4 in 2013. Adjusted for age and number of teeth, irregular dental visits, limited financial resources for dental care, smoking, education below university, male gender, daily medication and single living were positively and statistically associated with manifest caries. CONCLUSION The declining trend in the prevalence of manifest caries seems to be broken. In the oldest age group mean number of DS was higher in 2013 compared with 2008, indicating a possible beginning of an increase. This needs special attention as this group increases in the population, retaining natural teeth high up in age. Manifest caries was found to be associated with socio-economic and socio-behavioural factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Edman
- Center for Oral Rehabilitation, Public Dental Services, Falun, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Öhrn
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Falun, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Holmlund
- Public Dental Services, Gävleborg, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
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Tuvemo Johnson S, Martin C, Anens E, Johansson AC, Hellström K. Older Adults' Opinions on Fall Prevention in Relation to Physical Activity Level. J Appl Gerontol 2016; 37:58-78. [PMID: 26769824 DOI: 10.1177/0733464815624776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore and describe older adults' opinions regarding actions to prevent falls and to analyze differences in the opinions of highly versus less physically active older adults. An open-ended question was answered by 262 individuals aged 75 to 98 years living in the community. The answers were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, and differences in the categories were compared between highly and less physically active persons. Physical activity was measured according to a five-level scale. The content analysis resulted in eight categories: assistive devices, avoiding hazards, behavioral adaptive strategies, being physically active, healthy lifestyle, indoor modifications, outdoor modifications, and seeking assistance. Behavioral adaptive strategies were mentioned to a greater extent by highly active people, and indoor modifications were more often mentioned by less active older adults. Support for active self-directed behavioral strategies might be important for fall prevention among less physically active older adults.
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Christensen AI, Ekholm O, Gray L, Glümer C, Juel K. What is wrong with non-respondents? Alcohol-, drug- and smoking-related mortality and morbidity in a 12-year follow-up study of respondents and non-respondents in the Danish Health and Morbidity Survey. Addiction 2015; 110:1505-12. [PMID: 25845815 PMCID: PMC4538793 DOI: 10.1111/add.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM Response rates in health surveys have diminished over the last two decades, making it difficult to obtain reliable information on health and health-related risk factors in different population groups. This study compared cause-specific mortality and morbidity among survey respondents and different types of non-respondents to estimate alcohol-, drug- and smoking-related mortality and morbidity among non-respondents. DESIGN Prospective follow-up study of respondents and non-respondents in two cross-sectional health surveys. SETTING Denmark. PARTICIPANTS A total sample of 39 540 Danish citizens aged 16 years or older. MEASUREMENTS Register-based information on cause-specific mortality and morbidity at the individual level was obtained for respondents (n = 28 072) and different types of non-respondents (refusals n = 8954; illness/disabled n = 731, uncontactable n = 1593). Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine differences in alcohol-, drug- and smoking-related mortality and morbidity, respectively, in a 12-year follow-up period. FINDINGS Overall, non-response was associated with a significantly increased hazard ratio (HR) of 1.56 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.36-1.78] for alcohol-related morbidity, 1.88 (95% CI = 1.38-2.57) for alcohol-related mortality, 1.55 (95% CI = 1.27-1.88) for drug-related morbidity, 3.04 (95% CI = 1.57-5.89) for drug-related mortality and 1.15 (95% CI = 1.03-1.29) for smoking-related morbidity. The hazard ratio for smoking-related mortality also tended to be higher among non-respondents compared with respondents, although no significant association was evident (HR = 1.14; 95% CI = 0.95-1.36). Uncontactable and ill/disabled non-respondents generally had a higher hazard ratio of alcohol-, drug- and smoking-related mortality and morbidity compared with refusal non-respondents. CONCLUSION Health survey non-respondents in Denmark have an increased hazard ratio of alcohol-, drug- and smoking-related mortality and morbidity compared with respondents, which may indicate more unfavourable health behaviours among non-respondents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ola Ekholm
- National Institute of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Linsay Gray
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK,Department of EpidemiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY
| | - Charlotte Glümer
- Research Centre for Prevention and HealthThe Capital Region of DenmarkGlostrupDenmark
| | - Knud Juel
- National Institute of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkCopenhagenDenmark
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Aerny-Perreten N, Domínguez-Berjón MF, Esteban-Vasallo MD, García-Riolobos C. Participation and factors associated with late or non-response to an online survey in primary care. J Eval Clin Pract 2015; 21:688-93. [PMID: 25929295 DOI: 10.1111/jep.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Online surveys have several advantages, but a low response rate is common and it is uncertain how results are affected. Response inducement techniques can be used to overcome this problem. The objectives of this study were to describe the percentage of change in the response rate after reminders and to analyse the characteristics associated with non-response and late response based on the survey results, as well as by applying archival and extrapolation techniques. METHOD In the Autonomous Community of Madrid, an online questionnaire about cancer prevention was sent to a random sample of primary care health professionals (3586 physicians and nurses). Two reminders were sent later. The percentage of change in response rates after reminders, global and by demographic and health care characteristics of participants; and factors associated with non-response and late response were analysed using response rates and odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS After the reminders, the response rate increased from 22.6% to 32.9% and to 39.4%. Non-response was associated with age [OR: 3.14; confidence interval (CI) 95%: 2.23-4.42 for aged >60 years], gender and functional area. Further, a higher response rate after reminders was observed in professionals with heavier workloads (OR: 1.46; CI 95%: 1.08-1.97) and in those who stated a lower relevance of cancer prevention in primary care. CONCLUSIONS After electronic reminders, the response rate increased, especially among professionals with the highest workloads and a minor interest in the survey topic. However, possible bias associated with non-response remains and the factors behind this should be examined in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Aerny-Perreten
- Subdirectorate for Health Promotion and Prevention, Primary Care Directorate, Madrid Regional Health Authority, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ma Felicitas Domínguez-Berjón
- Subdirectorate for Health Promotion and Prevention, Primary Care Directorate, Madrid Regional Health Authority, Madrid, Spain
| | - María D Esteban-Vasallo
- Subdirectorate for Health Promotion and Prevention, Primary Care Directorate, Madrid Regional Health Authority, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Riolobos
- Subdirectorate for Health Promotion and Prevention, Primary Care Directorate, Madrid Regional Health Authority, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Granström F, Molarius A, Garvin P, Elo S, Feldman I, Kristenson M. Exploring trends in and determinants of educational inequalities in self-rated health. Scand J Public Health 2015; 43:677-86. [PMID: 26138729 DOI: 10.1177/1403494815592271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Educational inequalities in self-rated health (SRH) in European welfare countries are documented, but recent trends in these inequalities are less well understood. We examined educational inequalities in SRH in different age groups, and the contribution of selected material, behavioural and psychosocial determinants from 2000 to 2008. METHODS Data were derived from cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2000, 2004 and 2008 including 37,478, 34,876 and 32,982 respondents, respectively, aged 25-75 in mid-Sweden. Inequalities were analysed by age-standardized and age-stratified rate ratios of poor SRH and age-standardized prevalence of determinants, and contribution of determinants by age-adjusted logistic regression. RESULTS Relative educational inequalities in SRH increased among women from 2000 (rate ratio (RR) 1.70, 95% CI 1.55-1.85) to 2008 (RR 2.07, 95% CI 1.90-2.26), but were unchanged among men (RR 1.91-2.01). The increase among women was mainly due to growing inequalities in the age group 25-34 years. In 2008, significant age differences emerged with larger inequalities in the youngest compared with the oldest age group in both genders. All determinants were more prevalent in low educational groups; the most prominent were lack of a financial buffer, smoking and low optimism. Educational differences were unchanged over the years for most determinants. In all three surveys, examined determinants together explained a substantial part of the educational inequalities in SRH. CONCLUSIONS Increased relative educational health inequalities among women, and persisting inequalities among men, were paralleled by unchanged, large differences in material/structural, behavioural and psychosocial factors. Interventions to reduce these inequalities need to focus on early mid-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Granström
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Anu Molarius
- Västmanland County Council, Competence Centre for Health, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Peter Garvin
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden Unit of Research and Development in Local Health Care, County of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sirkka Elo
- Örebro County Council, Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Inna Feldman
- Uppsala County Council, Department of Development, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margareta Kristenson
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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17
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Olofsson N, Lindqvist K, Danielsson I. Higher risk of violence exposure in men and women with physical or sensory disabilities: results from a public health survey. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2015; 30:1671-1686. [PMID: 25186966 DOI: 10.1177/0886260514548585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization has declared that violence is a global public health problem. The prevalence of violence exposure among adults with intellectual and unspecific disabilities has been demonstrated in several studies, whereas only a few articles on people with sensory disabilities have been published. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk for exposure to physical violence, psychological offence, or threats of violence in people with physical and/or sensory disabilities, compared with people with no such disabilities, controlling for socioeconomic data. Data from a public health survey were analyzed. A nationally representative sample of women and men aged 16 to 84 years had answered a questionnaire. In the present study, the whole sample, comprised of 25,461 women and 21,545 men, was used. Women with auditory disabilities were generally more often violence exposed than non-disabled women, whereas men with physical disabilities were more often violence exposed than non-impaired men. Some age groups among both women and men with visual disabilities had higher prevalence rates than women and men without disabilities. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were significantly higher among the auditory impairment group for exposure to physical (OR = 1.4, confidence interval [CI] = [1.1, 1.9]) and psychological (OR = 1.4, CI = [1.1, 1.8]) violence among women. Men with physical disabilities had raised odds ratios for physical violence (OR = 1.7, CI = [1.2, 2.4]) and psychological violence (OR = 1.4, CI = [1.0, 2.0]) compared with the non-disabled group. Both men and women with a physical or sensory disability showed higher odds of being exposed to violence than men and women without a disability. The results indicated that socioeconomic situation, smoking, and hazardous drinking strengthened the association between impairment and violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Olofsson
- Västernorrland County Council, Sundsvall, Sweden Linköping University, Sweden
| | | | - Ingela Danielsson
- Västernorrland County Council, Sundsvall, Sweden Umeå University, Sweden
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18
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Gross C, Schübel T, Hoffmann R. Picking up the pieces—Applying the DISEASE FILTER to health data. Health Policy 2015; 119:549-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Engebretsen KB, Grotle M, Natvig B. Patterns of shoulder pain during a 14-year follow-up: results from a longitudinal population study in Norway. Shoulder Elbow 2015; 7:49-59. [PMID: 27582957 PMCID: PMC4935093 DOI: 10.1177/1758573214552007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population studies have reported that shoulder pain is the third most frequently reported musculoskeletal pain. Long duration, pain intensity and high level of disability predict persistent complaints. The present study aimed to describe the prevalence of shoulder pain in a general population and follow this over a long period (1990 to 2004). The objective was also to describe the stability of shoulder pain and patterns of co-occurrence with neck and upper back pain. METHODS Data were obtained from a self-reported questionnaire in a population in Ullensaker muncipality, north-east of Oslo. The Standard Nordic Questionnaire was sent in 1990, 1994 and 2004 to inhabitants belonging to six birth cohorts from 1918-20 to 1968-70. RESULTS The 1-year prevalence of shoulder pain was 46.7% (95% CI, 44.9% to 48.6%) in 1990, 48.7% (95% CI, 46.8% to 50.5%) in 1994, and 55.2% (95% CI, 53.5% to 56.9%) in 2004. Approximately three-quarters of the persons with shoulder pain at one given time also reported shoulder pain at the next follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of shoulder pain during a 14-year period was high and slightly increasing. Shoulder pain was reported most frequently in co-occurrence with neck pain. Classification models should include neck pain as well as other co-occurring pain sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaia B Engebretsen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Norway,Kaia B Engebretsen, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Postboks 4950, 0424 Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Norway. Tel: +47 48239524.
| | - Margreth Grotle
- FORMI, Division for Neuroscience and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Norway,Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bård Natvig
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Helakorpi S, Mäkelä P, Holstila A, Uutela A, Vartiainen E. Can the accuracy of health behaviour surveys be improved by non-response follow-ups? Eur J Public Health 2014; 25:487-90. [PMID: 25477127 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence estimates may be biased if the characteristics of respondents differ from those of non-respondents in surveys. In this study, we used a follow-up telephone interview of initial non-respondents to examine the differences--in terms of self-rated health and health behaviours--to initial postal respondents and to assess improvements in prevalence estimates. METHODS Following a postal questionnaire survey using a random sample (n = 5000) of the Finnish working-age population with a response rate of 57% (n = 2826), a follow-up telephone survey was performed based on 1261 non-respondents (response rate 56%, n = 708) in 2010. Prevalence of smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, physical activity, self-rated fitness, dietary habits and self-rated health were calculated for the survey population with and without a telephone interview. Logistic regression models were used to examine differences in health behaviours and health between the initial postal questionnaire respondents and follow-up telephone interview respondents. RESULTS The total response rate increased from 57% to 71% when the telephone respondents were included. The telephone survey indicated that both male and female telephone respondents were more often smokers, and female telephone respondents were more often heavy episodic drinkers and less often reported poor self-rated fitness than postal respondents. Nonetheless, the prevalence rates of outcome variables did not change significantly when telephone respondents were included. CONCLUSION The response rate of surveys can be increased by using a telephone survey in follow-up contacts with non-respondents. As non-respondents differ from respondents, this contributes to an improvement--although small--in internal validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Helakorpi
- 1 Department of Lifestyle and Participation, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)
| | - Pia Mäkelä
- 2 Department of Alcohol, Drugs and Addiction, THL
| | | | - Antti Uutela
- 1 Department of Lifestyle and Participation, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)
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Molarius A, Simonsson B, Lindén-Boström M, Kalander-Blomqvist M, Feldman I, Eriksson HG. Social inequalities in self-reported refraining from health care due to financial reasons in Sweden: health care on equal terms? BMC Health Serv Res 2014; 14:605. [PMID: 25468266 PMCID: PMC4254004 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-014-0605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main goal of the health care system in Sweden is good health and health care on equal terms for the entire population. This study investigated the existence of social inequalities in refraining from health care due to financial reasons in Sweden. METHODS The study is based on 38,536 persons who responded to a survey questionnaire sent to a random sample of men and women aged 18-84 years in 2008 (response rate 59%). The proportion of persons who during the past three months due to financial reasons limited or refrained from seeking health care, purchasing medicine or seeking dental care is reported. The groups were defined by gender, age, country of origin, educational level and employment status. The prevalence of longstanding illness was used to describe morbidity in these groups. Differences between groups were tested with chi-squared statistics and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS In total, 3% reported that they had limited or refrained from seeking health care, 4% from purchasing medicine and 10% from seeking dental care. To refrain from seeking health care was much more common among the unemployed (12%) and those on disability pension (10%) than among employees (2%). It was also more common among young adults and persons born outside the Nordic countries. Similar differences also apply to purchasing medicine and dental care. The odds for refraining from seeking health care, purchasing medicine or seeking dental care due to financial reasons were 2-3 times higher among persons with longstanding illness than among persons with no longstanding illness. CONCLUSIONS There are social inequalities in self-reported refraining from health care due to financial reasons in Sweden even though the absolute levels vary between different types of care. Often those in most need refrain from seeking health care which contradicts the national goal of the health care system. The results suggest that the fare systems of health care and dental care should be revised because they contribute to inequalities in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Molarius
- />Competence Centre for Health, Västmanland County Council, Västerås, 721 89 Sweden
- />Department of Public Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Bo Simonsson
- />Competence Centre for Health, Västmanland County Council, Västerås, 721 89 Sweden
| | | | | | - Inna Feldman
- />Development Unit, Uppsala County Council, Uppsala, Sweden
- />Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans G Eriksson
- />Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
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22
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Molarius A, Engström S, Flink H, Simonsson B, Tegelberg A. Socioeconomic differences in self-rated oral health and dental care utilisation after the dental care reform in 2008 in Sweden. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:134. [PMID: 25403781 PMCID: PMC4240880 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aims of this study were to determine self-rated oral health and dental attendance habits among Swedish adults, with special reference to the role of social inequalities, after the Swedish dental care reform in 2008. Methods The study is based on a survey questionnaire, sent to 12,235 residents of a Swedish county, in 2012. The age group was 16–84 years: 5,999 (49%) responded. Using chi-square statistics, differences in prevalence of self-rated oral health and regular dental attendance were analysed with respect to gender, age, educational level, family status, employment status and country of birth. Self-rated poor oral health was analysed by multivarite logistic regression adjusting for the different socio-demographic factors, financial security and having refrained from dental treatment for financial reasons. Results Three out of four respondents (75%) reported fairly good or very good oral health. Almost 90% claimed to be regular dental attenders. Those who were financially secure reported better oral health. The differences in oral health between those with a cash margin and those without were large whereas the differences between age groups were rather small. About 8% reported that they had refrained from dental treatment for financial reasons during the last three months. Self-rated poor oral health was most common among the unemployed, those on disability pension or on long-term sick leave, those born outside the Nordic countries and those with no cash margin (odds ratios ranging from 2.4 to 4.4). The most important factor contributing to these differences was having refrained from dental treatment for financial reasons. Conclusion The results are relevant to strategies intended to reduce social inequalities in oral health, affirming the importance of the provision of equitable access to dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Molarius
- Competence Centre for Health, Västmanland County Council, Västerås, Sweden.
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Härkänen T, Kaikkonen R, Virtala E, Koskinen S. Inverse probability weighting and doubly robust methods in correcting the effects of non-response in the reimbursed medication and self-reported turnout estimates in the ATH survey. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1150. [PMID: 25373328 PMCID: PMC4246429 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the nonresponse rates in a questionnaire survey with respect to administrative register data, and to correct the bias statistically. Methods The Finnish Regional Health and Well-being Study (ATH) in 2010 was based on a national sample and several regional samples. Missing data analysis was based on socio-demographic register data covering the whole sample. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) and doubly robust (DR) methods were estimated using the logistic regression model, which was selected using the Bayesian information criteria. The crude, weighted and true self-reported turnout in the 2008 municipal election and prevalences of entitlements to specially reimbursed medication, and the crude and weighted body mass index (BMI) means were compared. Results The IPW method appeared to remove a relatively large proportion of the bias compared to the crude prevalence estimates of the turnout and the entitlements to specially reimbursed medication. Several demographic factors were shown to be associated with missing data, but few interactions were found. Conclusions Our results suggest that the IPW method can improve the accuracy of results of a population survey, and the model selection provides insight into the structure of missing data. However, health-related missing data mechanisms are beyond the scope of statistical methods, which mainly rely on socio-demographic information to correct the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Härkänen
- Department of Health, Functional Capacity and Welfare National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P,O, Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
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24
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Christensen AI, Ekholm O, Kristensen PL, Larsen FB, Vinding AL, Glümer C, Juel K. The effect of multiple reminders on response patterns in a Danish health survey. Eur J Public Health 2014; 25:156-61. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Fröding K, Elander I, Eriksson C. A Community-Based Participatory Research Process in a Poor Swedish Neighbourhood. SYSTEMIC PRACTICE AND ACTION RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11213-014-9319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lee MB, Gournis E, Meldrum RJ. Are Campylobacter cases low risk for public health follow-up? Canadian Journal of Public Health 2013; 104:e456-9. [PMID: 24495820 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.104.4170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most Campylobacter cases are treated as low risk enterics (LRE) and receive a mailed letter from Toronto Public Health (TPH) with a questionnaire to gather basic risk information. This study sought to identify reasons why Campylobacter cases who were sent this questionnaire did not respond to the letter and to determine whether any of these cases were working in a high-risk occupation. METHODS Cases reported to TPH between June 11, 2012 and December 6, 2012 who had not returned the questionnaire within 30 days were telephoned. Participants were asked about awareness of the original letter, reasons for not responding, and whether they worked in a high-risk occupation. RESULTS Of the 226 cases identified as not responding to the letter, 172 (76.1%) were reached, and 162 (71.7%) answered the survey questions. The most frequent reason chosen for not responding to the original letter was "forgot" (54.4%). The most common suggestion chosen for ways to encourage response to the original letter was "more information on importance of returning questionnaire" (19.1%). Of the 119 cases with a known occupation, 3 (2.4%) were employed in a sensitive occupation - these include a family physician, a food server, and a line cook. None worked while ill. When prompted with a list of reasons for not returning the questionnaire, the majority of respondents indicated that they "forgot" (54.4%); the next most frequent response was "recovered by illness no longer considered it relevant" (21.5%). CONCLUSION To increase response rates in the future, a cover letter should more clearly explain why the response is being solicited by Public Health, even after recovery from the illness, and the form should be simplified for mail return. A very small number of clients originally not reached through the course of the routine LRE program were working in sensitive occupations. Since none reported working while ill, the likelihood of direct or indirect transmission of Campylobacter from these three individuals was low. Using a LRE system to monitor a widespread mostly low-morbidity gastroenteric illness can be an effective public health strategy.
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Widnes SF, Schjøtt J, Eide GE, Granas AG. Teratogenic risk perception and confidence in use of medicines in pairs of pregnant women and general practitioners based on patient information leaflets. Drug Saf 2013; 36:481-9. [PMID: 23539202 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-013-0035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine teratogenic risk perceptions and confidence in the use of medicines in pairs of pregnant women and general practitioners (GPs) through assessments of medicines information texts from patient information leaflets (PILs). METHODS A questionnaire was handed out to women attending regular ultrasound examination in week 17-19 of pregnancy. The women stated name and address of their GP and questionnaires were sent to the GPs' clinic. The questionnaires contained texts regarding pregnancy from PILs for pivmecillinam, metoclopramide, paracetamol, escitalopram, Valeriana officinalis and dexchlorpheniramine. For each PIL, teratogenic risk (scale from 0: never teratogenic to 10: always teratogenic), confidence in use of medicines (yes or no) and clarity of the text (scale from 0: exceptionally clear to 3: exceptionally unclear) were assessed. RESULTS In total, 171 pregnant women and 74 GPs participated, of which 98 pairs were identified. Pregnant women had significantly higher perceptions of teratogenic risks and lower confidence in use of medicines compared to GPs. Differences in teratogenic risk perceptions and confidence in use were highest for escitalopram and lowest for dexchlorpheniramine, representing texts with different phrasing and length. Neither pregnant women nor GPs were confident in using Valeriana officinalis. CONCLUSIONS Perceptions of teratogenic risks and confidence in use of medicines during pregnancy differ within pairs of pregnant women and their GP when they assess PILs. Phrasing of medicines information texts can influence teratogenic risk perceptions and thereby prescribing of medicines and adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Frost Widnes
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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28
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Molarius A, Granström F, Lindén-Boström M, Elo S. Domestic work and self-rated health among women and men aged 25–64 years: Results from a population-based survey in Sweden. Scand J Public Health 2013; 42:52-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494813503056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: This study investigated the association between domestic work and self-rated health among women and men in the general population. Methods: The study is based on women ( N = 12,910) and men ( N = 9784) aged 25–64 years, who responded to a survey questionnaire in 2008 (response rate 56%). Logistic regression models were used to assess the association adjusting for age, educational level, employment status, family status and longstanding illness. Population attributable risks (PAR) were calculated to assess the contribution of domestic work to the prevalence of suboptimal self-rated health. Results: More women (29%) than men (12%) spent more than 20 hours per week in domestic work. Women also experienced domestic work more often as burdensome. Disability pensioners and single mothers reported highest levels of burdensome domestic work. There was a strong independent association between burdensome domestic work and suboptimal self-rated health both in women and men. The PAR for burdensome domestic work was 21% in women and 12% in men and comparable to other major risk factors. Conclusions: The results suggest that domestic work should not be omitted when considering factors that affect self-rated health in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Molarius
- Västmanland County Council, Competence Centre for Health, Västerås, and Karlstad University, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sirkka Elo
- Örebro County Council, Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Örebro, Sweden
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Boschman JS, van der Molen HF, Frings-Dresen MHW, Sluiter JK. The impact of common mental disorders on work ability in mentally and physically demanding construction work. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2012; 87:51-9. [PMID: 23254510 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-012-0837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To gain insight into (1) the prevalence and incidence of common mental disorders (CMD) and low work ability among bricklayers and construction supervisors; (2) the impact of CMD on current work ability and work ability 1 year later and (3) the added value of job-specific questions about work ability for detecting signs of low work ability. METHODS We randomly selected 750 bricklayers and 750 supervisors. This sample was surveyed by means of a baseline questionnaire and a follow-up questionnaire 1 year later. Work ability was measured with the first three questions of the Work Ability Index and job-specific questions. Self-reported CMD were measured with instruments designed to detect a high need for recovery after work, distress and depression. We used univariate logistic regression to analyse the presence or absence of CMD as independent variable. RESULTS The prevalence and incidence of CMD among 199 bricklayers and 224 supervisors was 22 %/10 % and 32 %/15 %, respectively. The prevalence of low general work ability was comparable for both occupations (5 %). CMD were associated with low current work ability and low work ability at follow-up (ORs 4.3-22.4), but not with a reduction in work ability 1 year later. Questions on job-specific work ability resulted in more indications of low work ability among both occupations than did questions on general work ability. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of occupation, workers who report CMD at baseline have a high likelihood of current low work ability and low work ability 1 year later.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Boschman
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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