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Shi H, Zhao H, Ren Z, He M, Li Y, Pu Y, Li X, Wang S, Cui L, Zhao J, Liu H, Zhang X. Factors Associated with Subjective Well-Being of Chinese Adolescents Aged 10-15: Based on China Family Panel Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19126962. [PMID: 35742212 PMCID: PMC9222932 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19126962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to explore the factors associated with the subjective well-being (SWB) of Chinese adolescents from a more comprehensive perspective and to analyze the importance of its influencing factors. (2) Methods: Obtained from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2018, the research data involved 2316 adolescents aged 10–15. By using the Chi-square test, t-test and binary logistic regression, we investigated the associations of individual-, family- and community-level factors with SWB in Chinese adolescents. To explore the rank of the influencing factors of SWB, the random forest model was set up. (3) Results: In individual-level factors, girls, who were adolescents with higher academic performance and school satisfaction, with the habit of midday napping and reading books, and with higher self-esteem, had a higher SWB. In family-level factors, mothers living at home resulted in a higher SWB, while quarrelling with their parents led to low SWB. In community-level factors, adolescents with better social relationships, social trust and who were better at telling their troubles to others had a higher SWB. Based on the random forest model, the importance degree was ranked, and the top five were decided, including self-esteem (89.949), social relations (43.457), academic performance (31.971), school satisfaction (27.651) and quarrelling with parents (19.026). (4) Conclusions: Self-esteem, social relations, academic performance, school satisfaction and quarrelling with parents are all important variables that are related to the SWB of Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shi
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.R.); (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.P.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (L.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hanfang Zhao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.R.); (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.P.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (L.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zheng Ren
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.R.); (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.P.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (L.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Minfu He
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.R.); (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.P.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (L.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yuyu Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.R.); (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.P.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (L.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yajiao Pu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.R.); (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.P.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (L.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiangrong Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.R.); (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.P.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (L.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shixun Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.R.); (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.P.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (L.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.R.); (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.P.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (L.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jieyu Zhao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.R.); (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.P.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (L.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Xiumin Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.R.); (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.P.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (L.C.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-8561-9442
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Lukoševičiūtė J, Argustaitė-Zailskienė G, Šmigelskas K. Measuring Happiness in Adolescent Samples: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9020227. [PMID: 35204948 PMCID: PMC8870059 DOI: 10.3390/children9020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Happiness is a phenomenon that relates to better mental and physical health and even longevity. There has been an increase in surveys assessing subjective well-being as well as happiness, one of the well-being components that reflect one’s feelings or moods. Happiness is mostly measured in adult samples. There is a lack of an overview of the tools used to evaluate adolescent happiness, so this paper aimed to review them. Methods: A literature search was performed in the PubMed and PsycArticles databases (2010–2019). In total, 133 papers met the eligibility criteria for this systematic review. Results: The results are grouped according to the type of measure, single or multiple items, that was used in a study. Almost half of the studies (64 of 133) evaluated subjective happiness using single-item measures. The most commonly used scales were the 4-item Subjective Happiness Scale and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. Among the 133 articles analyzed, 18 reported some validation procedures related to happiness. However, in the majority of cases (14 studies), happiness was not the central phenomenon of validation, which suggests a lack of happiness validation studies. Conclusions: Finally, recommendations for future research and for the choice of happiness assessment tools are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justė Lukoševičiūtė
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės g. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.A.-Z.); (K.Š.)
- Faculty of Public Health, Health Research Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės g. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-37-242908
| | - Gita Argustaitė-Zailskienė
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės g. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.A.-Z.); (K.Š.)
| | - Kastytis Šmigelskas
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės g. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.A.-Z.); (K.Š.)
- Faculty of Public Health, Health Research Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės g. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Wang L, Chen J, Leung LT, Mai ZM, Ho SY, Lam TH, Wang MP. Characterization of Respiratory Symptoms Among Youth Using Heated Tobacco Products in Hong Kong. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2117055. [PMID: 34259848 PMCID: PMC8280960 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.17055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are promoted as less harmful than combustible cigarettes but epidemiological evidence is scarce, especially in youth. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of persistent respiratory symptoms with HTP use, cigarette use, and dual use among Hong Kong youth. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a territorywide cross-sectional school-based survey conducted from October 2018 to July 2019 using an anonymous questionnaire. Schools were randomly invited from a proportionate stratified sample in all 18 districts of Hong Kong. Poisson regression models using generalized estimating equations yielded adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) of respiratory symptoms in (1) former and current HTP (vs never) users in the whole sample and stratified by cigarette use status and (2) exclusive HTP and dual users vs exclusive cigarette users. Statistical analysis was performed from October 2020 to March 2021. EXPOSURES Former and current use of cigarettes, HTPs, e-cigarettes, and other tobacco products. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Respiratory symptoms for 3 consecutive months in the past 12 months. RESULTS The study included 33 627 students with a mean (SD) age of 14.8 (1.9) years; 51.3% (18 171) were boys. Respiratory symptoms were reported by 16.3% (n = 5549) of all students, 29.3% (n = 226) of current users of e-cigarettes, 31.2% (n = 314) of current users of cigarettes, and 33.5% (n = 179) of current users of HTPs. Respiratory symptoms were associated with former (APR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.06-1.59) and current (APR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.23-2.06) vs never HTP use and current vs never cigarette use (APR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.30-1.74) after adjusting for various tobacco use. Associations between respiratory symptoms and current vs never HTP use were observed in never (APR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.36-2.59) and former (APR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.12-4.12) cigarette users, but not in current cigarette users (APR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.97-1.59). Respiratory symptoms were associated with exclusive ever HTP use (APR, 1.46, 95% CI, 1.15-1.86) and ever dual use (APR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.08-1.54) vs exclusive ever cigarette use. There was no association between exclusive current HTP (vs cigarette) use and respiratory symptoms (1.40; 95% CI, 0.93-2.11). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cross-sectional study found that former and current HTP use were associated with persistent respiratory symptoms among youth, especially among never and former cigarette users. Respiratory symptoms were more prevalent in ever exclusive HTP users and ever dual users than ever exclusive cigarette users. These findings suggest that using HTPs instead of cigarettes may not reduce health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianjiu Chen
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Lok Tung Leung
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Mai
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai Yin Ho
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Ping Wang
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Otsuka Y, Kaneita Y, Itani O, Jike M, Osaki Y, Higuchi S, Kanda H, Kinjo A, Kuwabara Y, Yoshimoto H. Skipping breakfast, poor sleep quality, and Internet usage and their relation with unhappiness in Japanese adolescents. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235252. [PMID: 32716944 PMCID: PMC7384641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective happiness is often regarded as a major life goal. Although Japan is an economically powerful country, the level of subjective well-being reported among Japanese adolescents is lower than in other countries. We aimed to investigate the lifestyle factors related to unhappiness in Japanese adolescents. We collected data through the 2017–2018 Lifestyle Survey of Adolescents, a nationally representative cross-sectional study enrolled in randomly selected junior and senior high schools throughout Japan. We assessed the prevalence of subjective unhappiness in junior and senior high school students according to school life factors and daily lifestyle habits. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between these factors and unhappiness. A total of 64,329 students were included in the sample (mean age 15.7 years, 53.9% boys). The average prevalence of unhappiness was 10.2%. The logistic regression analyses indicated that unhappiness was strongly associated with being male and with engaging in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as not having breakfast, poor sleep quality, and some problematic Internet usage. Although the prevalence of unhappiness was significantly higher among current smokers and alcohol drinkers, these behaviors were not associated with unhappiness in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Unhappiness among Japanese adolescents appears to be strongly related to how they spend their daily life. We therefore consider it desirable for school officials to educate students on the importance of happiness and lifestyle factors conducive to happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Otsuka
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabasi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kaneita
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabasi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Osamu Itani
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabasi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Jike
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabasi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoneatsu Osaki
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago-city, Tottori, Japan
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kanda
- Department of Public Health, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Matsue-city, Shimane, Japan
| | - Aya Kinjo
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago-city, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuwabara
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago-city, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yoshimoto
- Department of Family Medicine, General Practice and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki, Japan
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The relationship between subjective happiness and sleep problems in Japanese adolescents. Sleep Med 2020; 69:120-126. [PMID: 32062038 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low sleep quality in adolescents is an important public health concern, as it relates to both their current and future physical and mental health. Furthermore, subjective happiness is also often regarded as a major life goal. Although Japan is an economically powerful country, the reported levels of subjective happiness among Japanese adolescents is low. Thus, this study aims to examine the relationship between subjective happiness and sleep problems in Japanese adolescents. METHODS We conducted a nationally representative cross-sectional study of adolescents enrolled in junior and senior high schools in Japan. We used a questionnaire to determine the prevalence of sleep problems (eg, insomnia, short sleep duration (SSD) and poor sleep quality) and to evaluate the participants' reported levels of subjective happiness. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between subjective happiness and sleep problems. Adjusted variables were basic demographic characteristics (eg, gender and school grade), lifestyle behaviors, and mental health status. RESULTS Data from 64,329 students were analyzed (age range 12-18 years, mean age 15.7 years, 53.9% male). The results indicated that reported levels of subjective happiness were strongly associated with the prevalence of sleep problems. Linear relationships can be observed between sleep problems and subjective happiness scores. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that dose-response association of subjective happiness score was observed with all three sleep problems. CONCLUSIONS Due to these findings, we recommend that policy makers and school officials educate adolescents on the importance of both subjective happiness and good sleep hygiene.
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Chen J, Ho SY, Leung LT, Wang MP, Lam TH. Tobacco Industry Denormalization Beliefs in Hong Kong Adolescents. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 21:949-954. [PMID: 29767775 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco industry denormalization (TID) seeks to expose the industry's misconducts. Research on TID beliefs, meaning negative attitudes toward the tobacco industry (TI), may inform TID programs, but was limited to western populations. We investigated TID beliefs and their association with smoking and sociodemographic characteristics in Hong Kong adolescents. METHODS In a school-based cross-sectional survey of 14214 students (mean age 15.0 years, 51.5% boys), TID beliefs were assessed by two questions: (1) whether the TI was respectable and (2) whether the TI tried to get youth to smoke, each with four options from "definitely no" to "definitely yes." Smoking susceptibility and behaviors were also assessed. Sociodemographic characteristics included age, sex, perceived family affluence, highest parental education, numbers of co-residing smokers, and school-level smoking prevalence. RESULTS Of all students, 77.6% considered the TI not respectable and 56.6% believed that the TI tried to get youth to smoke. Stronger TID beliefs were inversely associated with smoking susceptibility and behaviors. For example, students considering the TI definitely not respectable (vs. definitely yes) were 56% (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 45% to 66%), 49% (95% CI = 41% to 56%), and 53% (95% CI = 36% to 65%) less likely to be susceptible to smoking (among never-smokers) and be ever- and current smokers, respectively. Of all correlates examined, only younger age and having no co-residing smoker were associated with TID beliefs. CONCLUSIONS Substantial proportions of Hong Kong adolescents did not hold TID beliefs, but those who did were less likely to smoke. Our results suggest that TID programs may help reduce adolescent smoking. IMPLICATIONS The TI's misconducts and responsibility for the tobacco epidemic were not well known by Hong Kong adolescents. TID beliefs in this population were inversely associated with smoking. These findings suggest that TID programs in local adolescents may be of value. The investigation into the correlates of TID beliefs found that socioeconomic status and school-level smoking prevalence were not associated with TID beliefs. This suggests that local TID programs targeting adolescents in general, for example, mass-media campaigns, may be more appropriate than those targeting particular schools or selected groups of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiu Chen
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai Yin Ho
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lok Tung Leung
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Ping Wang
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Short Sleep Duration and Insomnia Symptoms were Associated with Lower Happiness Levels in Chinese Adults in Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122079. [PMID: 31212815 PMCID: PMC6616396 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Study objective: To examine the association of sleep duration and insomnia symptoms with happiness. Methods: A random sample of 1691 Chinese adult (mean age 54 ± 20.1, male 51%) were interviewed in a population-based telephone survey. Happiness was measured by the subjective happiness scale (SHS) and the one-item global happiness index (GHI). Information on sleep included mean past seven-day sleep duration (<6 h, ≥6 to <8 h and ≥8 h) and insomnia symptoms: Difficulty in initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty in maintaining sleep (DMS), and early morning awakening (EMA). Adjusted beta-coefficient (β) of SHS and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of GHI in relation to sleep problems were calculated. Interaction effects by age (18–65 vs. ≥65) and by sex were assessed. Results: Compared to ≥8 h of sleep, having <6 h of sleep had lower SHS (adjusted β −0.32, 95% CI −0.46 to −0.17) and GHI (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.78). The associations were stronger in younger adults and in women (p < 0.05). DIS, DMS, and EMA were associated with lower SHS (adjusted β ranged from −0.20 to −0.06) and GHI (aOR ranged from 0.57 to 0.89). Dose-response association between the number of insomnia symptoms and lower SHS was observed (p < 0.001). These associations were generally stronger in older adults and among women. Conclusions: Lower levels of happiness were observed, particularly in younger adults and females with short sleep duration and older adults and females with insomnia symptoms. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the findings and understand the mechanisms between sleep and happiness.
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Adolescent Smoking in Hong Kong: Prevalence, Psychosocial Correlates, and Prevention. J Adolesc Health 2019; 64:S19-S27. [PMID: 31122545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Preventing adolescent smoking is important as smoking is typically initiated by young people. This article reviews the prevalence, psychosocial correlates, and prevention of smoking in Hong Kong adolescents. The past 30-day smoking prevalence in adolescents decreased from 9.6% in 2003 to 2.5% in 2017. Tobacco advertisements, parental and best friends smoking, nonintact families, poor family relationships, lower socioeconomic status, being a new immigrant, poor knowledge of smoking-related harm, positive attitudes toward smoking, overestimation of peer smoking, and depressive symptoms were positively associated with smoking outcomes, whereas positive youth development, authoritative mother and permissive father, family functioning, school competence, and stronger tobacco industry denormalization beliefs were protective against smoking. Along with tobacco tax increase, ban on tobacco advertisements, smoke-free law and pictorial warnings, educational efforts through theater performances, social norms campaigns, and positive adolescent training programs have been conducted to prevent adolescent smoking. To achieve the ultimate goal of tobacco endgame, further tax increase, plain packaging, banning point-of-sale display of tobacco products, smoke-free area extension, and raising minimum age of purchase should be implemented. The government proposed law to ban e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products should be passed soon to protect children and adolescents from using these products.
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Huang WY, Wong SH, Sit CH, Wong MC, Sum RK, Wong SW, Yu JJ. Results from the Hong Kong's 2018 report card on physical activity for children and youth. J Exerc Sci Fit 2019; 17:14-19. [PMID: 30662509 PMCID: PMC6323170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The Active Healthy Kids 2018 Hong Kong Report Card provides evidence-based assessment across 12 indicators of physical activity behaviors, sleep, and related community and government initiatives for children and youth. METHODS The systematic development process provided by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance was used. The best available data from the past 10 years were reviewed by a panel of experts. According to predefined benchmarks, letter grades were assigned to 12 indicators (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Participation, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behaviors, Physical Fitness, Sleep, Family, School, Community and Environment, Government, and Obesity). RESULTS Three of the five activity behaviors received C- or C grades: Overall Physical Activity (C-), Sedentary Behaviors (C-), and Organized Sport Participation (C). Active Transportation was graded B + . Same to the 2016 Hong Kong Report Card, Active Play could not be graded. School and Government were graded C. Family and Community and Environment was graded D- and B, respectively. Three new indicators were added after the 2016 Report Card and they were graded from C- (Sleep) to D (Physical Fitness) or D- (Obesity). CONCLUSIONS Children and youth in Hong Kong have low physical activity and physical fitness levels and high sedentary behaviors despite a generally favorable community environment. A high prevalence of obesity and low levels of family support warrant more public health action. Researchers should address the surveillance gap in active play and peer support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Y. Huang
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen H.S. Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cindy H.P. Sit
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin C.S. Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raymond K.W. Sum
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sam W.S. Wong
- Physical Fitness Association of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jane J. Yu
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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