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Mthethwa WS, Mampofu ZM, Mokwena MA, Ramoshaba NE. The relationship between mid-upper arm circumference and blood pressure in Walter Sisulu University community. Blood Press 2024; 33:2296904. [PMID: 38254330 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2023.2296904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Prevalence of hypertension is increasing to higher levels in South Africa. Anthropometric measures for obesity are well known to predict the development of hypertension. However, the relationship between mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and blood pressure (BP) is scant in South African communities such as universities. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the correlation between MUAC and BP among the community of Walter Sisulu University (WSU). A total of 230 participants from WSU (students and staff members), 113 females and 117 males aged ≥ 18 years participated in this cross-sectional study. MUAC, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were measured using standard procedures. In a Pearson's correlation analysis, MUAC was positively correlated with SBP and DBP in both women (SBP; r = 0.53, P< 0.001; DBP; r = 0.45 P < 0.001) and men (SBP; r = 0.29 P = 0.001; DBP; r = 0.25 P = 0.007). Furthermore, in the multivariable-adjusted regression analysis, MUAC was positively associated with SBP in women only (adjusted R2 = 0.489, β = 0.29 (95% CI = 0.16; 2.08)), P =0.023) after adjusted for age, body fat percentage, waist-to-height ratio, smoking and alcohol. MUAC is positively correlated with BP in women, not in men of WSU community. MUAC, as a simple and low-cost quantifiable parameter, could be employed as a risk indicator in the early detection and prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzile S Mthethwa
- Department of Human Biology, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, Mthatha5117, South Africa
| | - Zuqaqambe M Mampofu
- Department of Human Biology, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, Mthatha5117, South Africa
| | - Madigoahle A Mokwena
- Department of Human Biology, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, Mthatha5117, South Africa
| | - Nthai E Ramoshaba
- Department of Human Biology, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, Mthatha5117, South Africa
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2
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Canyolu BA, Şen N, Sadıç BÖ. Anthropometric indexes for predicting high blood pressure in Turkish adults. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:2848-2854. [PMID: 38186827 PMCID: PMC10771201 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_460_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose It is controversial which anthropometric indexes are the best in predicting the risk of hypertension and how anthropometric measurements are related to blood pressure (BP). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BP and anthropometric indexes and to determine the best predictors for hypertension risk. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 415 consecutive participants (161 men, mean age: 33.4 years) aged 18-88 years in Istanbul, Turkey. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and neck circumference (NC) and BP were measured by well-trained personnel. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Pearson correlation, linear regression, and multivariate analyses were used to assess the relationship between anthropometric measurements and SBP, DBP, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0. Results The systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were related to weight, WC, NC, BMI, and WHtR (P < 0.05). Linear regression analyses showed BMI and WC as independent risk factors for SBP with an increase by 1.11 mmHg in men (P = 0.036) and 1.59 mmHg in women (P = 0.001) in SBP when BMI increased 1 unit, while SBP increases by 0.2 mmHg when WC increases by 1 unit regardless of gender (P = 0.013). Conclusion Our results showed that BMI and WC are related to BP and important predictors of hypertension risk. Therefore, the uses of BMI and WC are recommended as screening tools for the prediction of hypertension risk among Turkish adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Aksoy Canyolu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Şen
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beste Özben Sadıç
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Hanif AAM, Shamim AA, Hossain MM, Hasan M, Khan MSA, Hossaine M, Ullah MA, Sarker SK, Rahman SMM, Mitra DK, Mridha MK. Gender-specific prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among elderly Bangladeshi people: findings from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e038326. [PMID: 33478960 PMCID: PMC7825269 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to estimate the gender-specific prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among elderly people in Bangladesh. DESIGN AND METHOD We analysed data from the food security and nutrition surveillance round 2018-2019. The multistage cluster sampling method was used to select the study population. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg and/or having a history of hypertension. We carried out the descriptive analysis, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression to report the weighted prevalence of hypertension as well as crude and adjusted ORs with 95% CI. A p value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. SETTING The study was conducted in 82 clusters (57 rural, 15 non-slum urban and 10 slums) in all eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2482 males and 2335 females aged ≥60 years were included in this analysis. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of hypertension was 42% and 56% among males and females, respectively. The prevalence was higher among females across all sociodemographic, behavioural and clinical strata. Factors associated with higher odds of hypertension (adjusted OR (AOR) (95% CI) for males and females, respectively) were age ≥70 years (1.32 (1.09, 1.60) and 1.40 (1.15, 1.71)); insufficient physical activity (1.50 (1.25, 1.81) and 1.38 (1.15, 1.67)); higher waist circumference (2.76 (2.22, 3.43) and 2.20 (1.82, 2.67)); and self-reported diabetes (1.36 (1.02, 1.82) and 1.82 (1.35, 2.45)). Additionally, living in slums decreased (0.71 (0.52, 0.96)) and education >10 years increased odds of hypertension (1.83 (1.38, 2.44)) among males. CONCLUSION In Bangladesh, half of the elderly persons were hypertensive, with a higher prevalence in females. In both sexes, odds of hypertension was higher among persons with older age (≥70 years), insufficient physical activity, higher waist circumference and self-reported diabetes. The Ministry of Health of Bangladesh should consider these findings while designing and implementing health programmes for elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Abdullah Mohammad Hanif
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Ahmed Shamim
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mokbul Hossain
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Showkat Ali Khan
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Moyazzam Hossaine
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Aman Ullah
- National Nutrition Services (NNS), Directorate General of Health Services, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Samir Kanti Sarker
- National Nutrition Services (NNS), Directorate General of Health Services, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S M Mustafizur Rahman
- National Nutrition Services (NNS), Directorate General of Health Services, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Dipak K Mitra
- Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Malay Kanti Mridha
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Qin P, Chen Q, Wang T, Chen X, Zhao Y, Li Q, Zhou Q, Guo C, Liu D, Tian G, Wu X, Qie R, Han M, Huang S, Liu L, Li Y, Hu D, Zhang M. Association of 6-year waist-circumference change with progression from prehypertension to hypertension: the Rural Chinese Cohort Study. J Hum Hypertens 2020; 35:215-225. [PMID: 32203072 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-0322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Whether dynamic change in waist circumference is associated with progression from prehypertension to hypertension is not well understood. We explored this issue. A total of 4221 prehypertensive adults ≥18 years were enrolled during 2007-2008 and followed up during 2013-2014. Participants were classified by percentage waist-circumference change at follow-up: ≤-2.5, -2.5 to ≤2.5, 2.5 to ≤5.0, and >5.0%. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with logistic regression models, with stable waist-circumference change (-2.5 to 2.5%) as the reference. During the 6 years of follow-up, 1464 prehypertensive patients (851 women) showed progression to hypertension, with an incidence rate of 32.7% for men and 36.3% for women. As compared with stable waist circumference, a waist-circumference gain > 5.0% was associated with increased hypertension risk: adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 1.08 (1.01-1.14) for men and 1.09 (1.04-1.15) for women. The risk also decreased significantly for men with ≥2.5% waist-circumference loss (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.88-1.00). We found a linear association between percentage waist-circumference gain and risk of progression from prehypertension to hypertension for both sexes by restricted cubic splines (pnonlinearity = 0.772 for men and 0.779 for women). For each 10% gain in waist circumference, the risk increased by 8% for men and 5% for women. The association remained significant for both sexes in a subgroup analysis by abdominal obesity at baseline. The long-term gain in waist circumference significantly increased the risk of progression from prehypertension to hypertension for both sexes in a rural Chinese population, regardless of abdominal obesity status at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Qin
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Mental Health, Bao'an Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieqiang Wang
- Key Lab of Epidemiology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Key Lab of Epidemiology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanman Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qionggui Zhou
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Guo
- Key Lab of Epidemiology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dechen Liu
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mental Health, Bao'an Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Key Lab of Epidemiology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Mental Health, Bao'an Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Qie
- Department of Mental Health, Bao'an Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Han
- Department of Mental Health, Bao'an Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbing Huang
- Department of Mental Health, Bao'an Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mental Health, Bao'an Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Key Lab of Epidemiology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Khanam R, Ahmed S, Rahman S, Kibria GMA, Syed JRR, Khan AM, Moin SMI, Ram M, Gibson DG, Pariyo G, Baqui AH. Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults in rural Sylhet district of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026722. [PMID: 31662350 PMCID: PMC6830635 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low-income and middle-income countries are undergoing epidemiological transition, however, progression is varied. Bangladesh is simultaneously experiencing continuing burden of communicable diseases and emerging burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). For effective use of limited resources, an increased understanding of the shifting burden and better characterisation of risk factors of NCDs, including hypertension is needed. This study provides data on prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among males and females 35 years and older in rural Bangladesh. METHODS This is a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in Zakiganj and Kanaighat subdistricts of Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Blood pressure was measured and data on risk factors were collected using STEPS instrument from 864 males and 946 females aged 35 years and older between August 2017 and January 2018. Individuals with systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive drugs were considered hypertensive. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with hypertension. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension was 18.8% (95% CI 16.3 to 21.5) and 18.7% (95% CI 16.3 to 21.3) in adult males and females, respectively. Among those who were hypertensive, the prevalence of controlled, uncontrolled and unaware/newly identified hypertension was 23.5%, 25.9% and 50.6%, respectively among males and 38.4%, 22.6% and 39.0%, respectively among females. Another 22.7% males and 17.8% females had prehypertension. Increasing age and higher waist circumference (≥90 cm for males and ≥80 cm for females) were positively associated with hypertension both in males (OR 4.0, 95% CI 2.5 to 6.4) and females (OR 2.8, 95% CI 2.0 to 4.1). CONCLUSIONS In view of the high burden of hypertension and prehypertension, a context-specific scalable public health programme including behaviour change communications, particularly to increase physical activity and consumption of healthy diet, as well as identification and management of hypertension needs to be developed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheda Khanam
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Malathi Ram
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dustin G Gibson
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - George Pariyo
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Abdullah H Baqui
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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6
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Dose-dependent effects of fenugreek seed extract on the biochemical and haematological parameters in high-fat diet-fed rats. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2019; 14:383-389. [PMID: 31488972 PMCID: PMC6717075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study was carried out to assess the effects of fenugreek seed extract on various biochemical and haematological parameters in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Methods Female Wistar rats were allocated into five groups (n = 6): 1) control rats, 2) HFD-fed control rats 3) rats fed with HFD and fenugreek (FG) seed extract at doses of 200 mg/kg/day, 300 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks. Blood was collected to examine the biochemical and haematological parameters using a veterinary blood cell counter; blood indices such as MCV, MCH, MCHC, red blood cell distribution width, haemoglobin (Hb) levels, haematocrit, and platelet counts were measured. Blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min at room temperature to obtain serum for the estimation of lipid profiles, and aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels. Results Rats fed with FG at a dose of 400 mg/kg/day showed a significant increase in the red blood cell count, Hb levels, haematocrit, and MCV, and a significant decrease in the lymphocyte count. The total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) in rats from the HFD control group, compared to those in the normal control group, but decreased significantly in rats fed with 400 mg/kg/day of FG. Conclusion The results of the current study suggest that FG seed extract exhibits hypolipidaemic activity and significantly improves the activity of hepatic enzymes, and the blood counts and indices in rats with HFD-induced obesity.
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7
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Robles-Romero JM, Fernández-Ozcorta EJ, Gavala-González J, Romero-Martín M, Gómez-Salgado J, Ruiz-Frutos C. Anthropometric Measures as Predictive Indicators of Metabolic Risk in a Population of "Holy Week Costaleros". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E207. [PMID: 30642106 PMCID: PMC6352102 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Preventive measures are a priority in those groups that perform intense physical efforts without physical preparation and that can also be overweight or obese. One of the groups that reflect these characteristics is the costaleros of the Holy Week of Andalusia, Spain. This paper aims to describe the effect of obesity on blood pressure. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 costaleros. The anthropometric measures were determined through segmental impedance. Cardiac recovery and anaerobic power were measured through the Ruffier⁻Dickson test and the Abalakov test, respectively. Blood pressure was measured when the individuals were at rest. The Kruskal⁻Wallis test was applied for of continuous parameters and the X² test for dichotomous measures. Binary logistic regression models were used for the subsequent analysis with R-square and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The average population was 28 years of age, 173.7 cm tall, and 82.59 Kg weigh. The excess of body fat was 11.27 Kg and Body Mass Index was 27.33 Kg/m². 72.3% showed abnormal blood pressure and 68.2% were overweight. 32.7% had a waist-hip ratio higher than 0.94. The probability of presenting abnormal blood pressure was higher among the subjects whose fat content was higher and muscle content was lower.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Gavala-González
- Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Seville, 41018 Seville, Spain.
| | - Macarena Romero-Martín
- Centro Universitario de Enfermería Cruz Roja, Universidad de Sevilla, 41008 Seville, Spain.
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Nursing Department, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
- Safety and Health Posgrade Program, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 091650, Ecuador.
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
- Safety and Health Posgrade Program, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 091650, Ecuador.
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
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Zhang Q, Mahapatra T, Huang F, Tang W, Guo Y, Tang S, Lei Y, Feng L, Wang A, Zhang L, Zhang J. Association between Anthropometric Measures and Indicators for Hypertension Control among Kazakh-Chinese Hypertension Patients in Xinjiang, China: Results from a Cross-sectional Study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170959. [PMID: 28129402 PMCID: PMC5271364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among Kazakh-Chinese population in Xinjiang province of China, prevalence of obesity and hypertension were 40.1% and 50.3% respectively, the highest across all ethnic groups residing in this pastureland. Despite this, there remained a dearth of information regarding the association between the anthropometric measures [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) etc.] and indicators for hypertension control [achieved levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP), pulse pressure index (PPI), ankle-brachial index (ABI) etc.] among them. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in Xinjiang to determine the distribution and inter-relationships of the anthropometric measures and indicators for achieved BP control as well as their predictors among hypertension patients of Kazakh-Chinese ethnicity. Out of 550 randomly selected patients, 516 completed the interview, anthropometry and BP assessments. Results In the sample population, average SBP, DBP and PP were 156.26±24.40mmHg, 87.55±14.73mmHg and 68.71±19.39mmHg respectively. Bivariate analysis identified age, gender, education, duration of hypertension, WC and BMI being factors influencing the achieved levels of BP. Adjusted multiple linear regression models elicited positive associations of age (βa = 0.152, p = 0.001) and duration of hypertension (βa = 0.132, p = 0.003) with achieved level of SBP as well as BMI (βa = 0.135, p = 0.002) with DBP. Age (βa = 0.207, p<0.001) and WHtR (βa = 0.304, p = 0.005) were positively and WC (βa = -0.406, p<0.001) was negatively associated with PPI. Increasing age (βa = -0.125, p = 0.005), female gender (βa = -0.122, p = 0.005) and 5years’ duration of hypertension (βa = -0.091, p<0.039) were negatively associated with ABI. After adjustment for socio-demographic variables, hypertensive patients with (reference = without) abdominal obesity had 93% (p = 0.013) higher odds of missing the target BP control. Conclusion Anthropometric measures and indicators for blood pressure control among Kazakh-Chinese patients were far beyond normal. Several anthropometric measures appeared useful for monitoring BP. Using them, regular screening and consequent targeted intervention were required urgently to control hypertension among Kazakh-Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhang
- Xiang Ya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tanmay Mahapatra
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Feifei Huang
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, FuZhou, Fu Jian, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufang Guo
- Xiang Ya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songyuan Tang
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Lei
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Medical Department, The people’s hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Anni Wang
- Xiang Ya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liuyi Zhang
- Xiang Ya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Xiang Ya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail:
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9
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Gao W, Qiao X, Wang Y, Wan L, Wang Z, Wang X, Di Z, Liu X. The Interactive Association of General Obesity and Central Obesity with Prevalent Hypertension in Rural Lanzhou, China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164409. [PMID: 27732655 PMCID: PMC5061332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the interactive association between obesity with different anthropometry indices and prevalence of hypertension in rural Lanzhou. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in rural Lanzhou from April to July in 2013. The available information of 1275 rural residents aged more than 35 years was collected with a unified questionnaire and their blood pressure and anthropometry indices were measured in the field. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.1. A generalized estimate equation (GEE) linear model was used to determine the association between obesity with different indexes and hypertension. RESULTS There was a moderate prevalence of general obesity (~11%) and very high prevalence of central obesity (53.2~67%) among the adults of rural Lanzhou. The prevalence of hypertension approximated 28%. GEE linear models showed that obesity with any one of anthropometry indices was associated significantly with the increased prevalence of hypertension among both males and females. In females, general obesity increased the prevalence of hypertension by 37% (0.37, 95%CI: 0.27,0.47) but in males by 23% (0.23, 95%CI: 0.12,0.35). The hypertensive effect of all central obesity was much lower than that of general obesity but approximately comparable to that of overweight. In addition, the interactions of the classified body mass index (BMI) and central obesity showed that when general obesity or overweight coexisted with any one of central obesity, the prevalence of hypertension was increased significantly, and this effect was a little higher than the corresponding main effect of general obesity or overweight in females but was much higher in males. In addition, general obesity or overweight which did not coexist with central obesity was not significantly associated with the increased prevalence of hypertension, nor were the other situations of central obesity in the normal weight or underweight except for the situation of central obesity with waist-to-hip ratio in the males of normal weight or underweight. CONCLUSION In rural Lanzhou, higher BMI had larger associations with the increased prevalence of hypertension than central obesity indices. Only when general obesity or overweight coexisted with central obesity, the prevalence of hypertension was significantly increased. So, central obesity indices should be used jointly with BMI in evaluating the risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Gao
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Qiao
- Lanzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Lanzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wan
- Lanzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Zengwu Wang
- Division of Prevention & Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Prevention & Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxin Di
- Lanzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Yuzhong County Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
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Köksal E, Yardımcı H, Kocaadam B, Deniz Güneş B, Yılmaz B, Karabudak E. Relationship between dietary caffeine intake and blood pressure in adults. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:227-233. [PMID: 27589213 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1226276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the consumption frequency of caffeinated foods and beverages and daily caffeine consumption amounts, and examine relation between caffeine and blood pressure (BP). A cross sectional door-to-door interview was conducted with 1329 volunteers between the ages of 20 and 60 (mean ages 29.9 ± 10.8 years) and based in Ankara/Turkey. The rate of individuals whose BPs were above 140/90 mmHg was 13.5%. The median caffeine consumption was 150.0 ± 122.06 mg. Although no significant correlation was found between total caffeine intake and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of individuals, a positive correlation was observed between daily total caffeine and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p < .05). Also, when analyzed factors that could be associated with DBP and SBP, BMI had effect in the model formed for both types of BP (p < .05). While smoking status associated with SBP (p = .002), gender and waist circumference related to DBP (p < .05) As a result relationship between caffeine intake and BP was affected other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Köksal
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Hülya Yardımcı
- b Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Betül Kocaadam
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Burcu Deniz Güneş
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Birsen Yılmaz
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Efsun Karabudak
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
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Eftekhari MH, Sohrabi Z, Parsa N, Zibaee Nezhad MJ. Role of Gender in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Related Risk Factors in Shiraz Healthy Heart Center Population. Int Cardiovasc Res J 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/icrj-9(4)231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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Norfazilah A, Julaina MS, Azmawati MN. Sex differences in correlates of obesity indices and blood pressure among Malay adults in Selangor, Malaysia. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2015.1016719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Roka R, Michimi A, Macy G. Associations Between Hypertension and Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in U.S. Adults: A Comparative Analysis by Gender. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2015; 22:265-73. [PMID: 26014837 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-015-0106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are a risk of hypertension, but their potentially multiplicative effect on hypertension is underexplored. AIM To examine modifying effects of BMI and WC on hypertension using a nationally representative U.S. adult sample stratified by gender. METHODS Data were derived from the 2009-2010 NHANES. Overweight and obesity were based on BMI of 25.0-29.9 and ≥30 kg/m(2), respectively. High-risk WC was based on ≥102.0 and ≥88.0 cm for males and females, respectively. Hypertension was determined by systolic/diastolic blood pressure of ≥140/≥90 mmHg, or taking prescribed medications. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between hypertension and BMI and WC by gender. Interaction terms were added to examine if BMI modified the effect of WC on hypertension. RESULTS Both BMI and WC were significant predictors of hypertension in overall population. Gender-specific models indicated that BMI played an important role in hypertension risk among males, but WC in females. The interaction effects were present among males implying that the association of WC with hypertension was stronger if subjects were overweight or obese. This effect, however, was not present in females. CONCLUSION BMI and WC may influence hypertension differently among males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Roka
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, KY, 42101-1038, USA,
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BrahmaNaidu P, Nemani H, Meriga B, Mehar SK, Potana S, Ramgopalrao S. Mitigating efficacy of piperine in the physiological derangements of high fat diet induced obesity in Sprague Dawley rats. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 221:42-51. [PMID: 25087745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An increased risk of obesity has become a common public health concern as it is associated with hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis, heart diseases, liver steatosis etc. Pharmacological intervention with natural product-based drugs is considered a healthier alternative to treat obesity. This study was aimed to evaluate anti-obesity effects of piperine on high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity in rats. Piperine was isolated from methanolic extract of Piper nigrum by using column chromatography and confirmed by LC-MS analysis. Male SD rats were fed HFD initially for 15weeks to induce obesity. After induction of obesity, piperine was supplemented in different doses (20, 30 and 40mg/kgb.wt) through HFD for 42days to experimental rats. HFD induced changes in body weight, body composition, fat percentage, adiposity index, blood pressure, plasma levels of glucose, insulin resistance, leptin, adiponectin, plasma and tissue lipid profiles, liver antioxidants were explained. The activities of lipase, amylase and lipid metabolic marker enzymes such as HMG-CoA reductase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were assessed in experimental rats. Supplementation of piperine at a dose of 40mg/kgb.wt has significantly (p<0.05) reversed the HFD-induced alterations in experimental rats in a dose dependant manner, the maximum therapeutic effect being noted at a dose of 40mg/kgb.wt. Our study concludes that piperine can be well considered as an effective bioactive molecule to suppress of body weight, improve insulin and leptin sensitivity, ultimately leading to regulate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parim BrahmaNaidu
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Harishankar Nemani
- National Center for Laboratory Animal Sciences, National Institute of Nutrition (Indian Council of Medical Research), Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Balaji Meriga
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Santosh Kumar Mehar
- Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sailaja Potana
- National Center for Laboratory Animal Sciences, National Institute of Nutrition (Indian Council of Medical Research), Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sajjalaguddam Ramgopalrao
- Department of Biotechnology, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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15
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Kumar A. Correlation between anthropometric measurement, lipid profile, dietary vitamins, serum antioxidants, lipoprotein (a) and lipid peroxides in known cases of 345 elderly hypertensive South Asian aged 56-64 y-A hospital based study. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:S189-97. [PMID: 25183079 PMCID: PMC4025308 DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.2014d153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To address the association of dietary vitamins, anthropometric profile, lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in hypertensive participant compared with normotensive healthy controls. METHODS Dietary intake of vitamins was assessed by 131 food frequency questionnaire items in both hypertensive participants and normotensive age-sex matched healthy controls. The associated changes in serum antioxidants and lipid peroxidation were also assessed along with lipid profile and anthropometric measurements in both groups of subjects under study. RESULTS Dietary vitamins intake was higher in hypertensive participants excepting for vitamin B2 and ascorbic acid compared to normotensive controls. Anthropometric variables in the hypertensive showed significant differences in weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio and mid-arm circumference. The total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride were significantly higher (P<0.001) in hypertensive except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol which was significantly higher (P<0.001) in normotensive. The serum endogenous antioxidants and enzyme antioxidants were significantly decreased in hypertensive except serum albumin levels compared to normotensive along with concomitant increase in serum lipoprotein (a) malondialdehyde and conjugated diene levels. CONCLUSIONS Based on the observations, our study concludes that hypertension is caused due to interplay of several confounding factors namely anthropometry, lipid profile, depletion of endogenous antioxidants and rise in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- *Corresponding author: Dr. Arun Kumar, Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia. Tel: +601116280732 E-mail:
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Fenugreek seed extract inhibit fat accumulation and ameliorates dyslipidemia in high fat diet-induced obese rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:606021. [PMID: 24868532 PMCID: PMC4020548 DOI: 10.1155/2014/606021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the inhibitory effect of aqueous extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds (AqE-TFG) on fat accumulation and dyslipidemia in high fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese rats. Female Wistar rats were fed with HFD ad libitum, and the rats on HFD were treated orally with AqE-TFG or orlistat ((HFD for 28 days + AqE-TFG (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) or orlistat (10 mg/kg) from day 8 to 28), respectively. Treatment with AqE-TFG produced significant reduction in body weight gain, body mass index (BMI), white adipose tissue (WAT) weights, blood glucose, serum insulin, lipids, leptin, lipase, and apolipoprotein-B levels and elevation in adiponectin levels. AqE-TFG improved serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. AqE-TFG treatment reduced the hepatic and cardiac thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and elevated the antioxidant enzyme (glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)) levels. In addition, liver and uterine WAT lipogenic enzyme (fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)) activities were restored towards normal levels. These findings demonstrated the preventive effect of AqE-TFG on fat accumulation and dyslipidemia, due to inhibition of impaired lipid digestion and absorption, in addition to improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism, enhancement of insulin sensitivity, increased antioxidant defense, and downregulation of lipogenic enzymes.
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Hsu CH, Lin JD, Hsieh CH, Lau SC, Chiang WY, Chen YL, Pei D, Chang JB. Adiposity measurements in association with metabolic syndrome in older men have different clinical implications. Nutr Res 2014; 34:219-25. [PMID: 24655488 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem, and measuring adiposity accurately and predicting its future comorbidities are important issues. Therefore, we hypothesized that 4 adiposity measurements, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio, and body fat percentage, have different physiological meanings and distinct associations with adverse health consequences. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of these 4 measurements with metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and identify the most associated factor for MetS occurrence in older, non-medicated men. Cross-sectional data from 3004 men, all 65 years of age and older, were analyzed. The correlation and association between adiposity measurements and MetS components were evaluated by Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. Based on multivariate logistic regression, BMI and WC were significantly associated with MetS and were selected to build a combined model of receiver operating characteristic curves to increase the diagnosis accuracy for MetS. The results show that BMI is independently associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure; WC and body fat percentage are associated with fasting plasma glucose and log transformation of triglyceride; BMI and WC are negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); and WC is a better discriminate for MetS than BMI, although the combined model (WC + BMI) is not significantly better than WC alone. Based on these results, we conclude that the 4 adiposity measurements have different clinical implications. Thus, in older men, BMI is an important determinant for blood pressure and HDL-C. Waist circumference is associated with the risk of fasting plasma glucose, HDL-C, triglyceride, and MetS occurrence. The combined model did not increase the diagnosis accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Hsu
- Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Diann Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu Chuen Lau
- Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yong Chiang
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dee Pei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Biou Chang
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Kumar A. Prognostic implications of ischemia modified albumin in known cases of 86 elderly hypertensive South Asian aged 56–64 years – a hospital based study. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Haque MR, Ansari SH, Najmi AK, Ahmad MA. Monoterpene phenolic compound thymol prevents high fat diet induced obesity in murine model. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 24:116-23. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.861888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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20
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Saeed AA, Al-Hamdan NA. Anthropometric risk factors and predictors of hypertension among Saudi adult population - a national survey. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2013; 3:197-204. [PMID: 24206791 PMCID: PMC7320412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed at determining the anthropometric predictors of hypertension among adults in Saudi Arabia. Multi-stage stratified sampling was used to select 4758 adult participants. The average of three blood pressure measurements using an automatic sphygmomanometer was considered the real blood pressure. Anthropometric measurements and socio-demographics were obtained from participants. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 25.5%. Hypertension was significantly positively associated with selected anthropometric measurements. Selected anthropometric measures were significant predictors of systolic and diastolic blood pressures except for hip measurements. Waist for height ratio was a significant predictor for isolated diastolic hypertension and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension. Waist circumference was the significant predictor for isolated systolic hypertension. Body mass index was a significant predictor for the combined systolic diastolic type. Waist for Hip Ratio was not a significant predictor for any of the hypertension subtypes. Conclusion: Waist for height ratio is the most important predictor for blood pressure level and hypertension disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Abdelwahid Saeed
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University - Health Sciences, Dept. of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, PO Box 58046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.
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Afsar B. The impact of different anthropometric measures on sustained normotension, white coat hypertension, masked hypertension, and sustained hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2013; 28:199-206. [PMID: 24396679 PMCID: PMC3811700 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2013.28.3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have aimed to determine whether body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), or waist to hip ratio (WHR) best predicts hypertension in diabetic patients, with conflicting results. However, no study has examined the specific relationship between these anthropometric parameters with sustained normotension (SNT), white coat hypertension (WCHT), masked hypertension (MHT), and sustained hypertension (SHT) based on office and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurements in these patients. METHODS Patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes underwent the following procedures: history taking, measurements of anthropometric parameters, office and ambulatory BP measurements, physical examination, laboratory analysis, and random and 24-hour urine analysis. RESULTS In total, there were 65 dippers and 37 nondipper patients. None of the anthropometric parameters were different between the dippers and the nondippers. There were 25 patients with SNT, 32 with WCHT, seven with MHT, and 38 with SHT. A comparison of anthropometric parameters between these four groups of patients showed that WC (P=0.016) and WHR (P=0.015) were different among all groups. According to regression analysis, only BMI was independently related with MHT (odds ratio [OR], 1.373, P=0.022), whereas only WC has been associated with SHT (OR, 1.321, P=0.041). CONCLUSION Among anthropometric parameters, only WC and WHR were different in SNT, WCHT, MHT, and SHT in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konya Numune State Hospital, Konya, Turkey
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Bhandari U, Chaudhari HS, Bisnoi AN, Kumar V, Khanna G, Javed K. Anti-obesity effect of standardized ethanol extract of Embelia ribes in murine model of high fat diet-induced obesity. PHARMANUTRITION 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Deng WW, Wang J, Liu MM, Wang D, Zhao Y, Liu YQ, Wang H, Dong GH. Body mass index compared with abdominal obesity indicators in relation to prehypertension and hypertension in adults: the CHPSNE study. Am J Hypertens 2013; 26:58-67. [PMID: 23382328 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hps001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Debate ensues regarding the stronger indicator of obesity, body mass index (BMI), or waist circumference (WC), in association with hypertension. Furthermore, little research has been done to compare BMI and WC in their associations with prehypertension. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in 33 communities randomly selected from 3 cities in Northeastern China during 2009-2010, using a total of 25,196 adults aged 18-74 years with an overall response rate of 87.4%. Diagnoses of prehypertension and hypertension were based on the criteria set by the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee. Generalized overweight and obesity were defined as BMI 25-29.9 and ≥30 kg/m(2), respectively. Abdominal overweight and obesity were defined as WC 94-102 and >102 cm in men and WC 80-88 and >88 cm in women, respectively. RESULTS Both BMI and WC were positively related to the prevalence rate of elevated blood pressure. Among younger individuals, aged 18-44 years, WC seemed to be associated with a higher odds ratio (OR) than BMI for hypertension (e.g., for men, 17.18 (BMI) vs. 23.28 (WC) for obesity), in contrast, BMI seemed to be associated with a higher OR than WC for prehypertension (e.g., for men, 5.99 (BMI) vs. 1.51 (WC) for obesity). Among older individuals, aged ≥45 years, the adjusted OR for hypertension was modestly higher for WC than for BMI in men. In women, the adjusted OR was modestly higher for BMI than for WC. CONCLUSIONS In this Chinese population, the association of body fat and abdominal fat with hypertension and prehypertension depends on age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Deng
- Department of Geriatric, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Guzmán-Guzmán IP, Salgado-Goytia L, Muñoz-Valle JF, Salgado-Bernabé AB, Quiroz-Vargas I, Parra-Rojas I. Prehypertension in a Mexican population: influence of age, gender, and body fat. Clin Exp Hypertens 2012; 35:67-73. [PMID: 22783936 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2012.690470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We studied the association of age, gender, and distribution of body fat with prehypertension in a sample of Mexican adults. This study was performed in a sample of 900 adults (275 men and 625 women), with the median age of 42 years. Resting blood pressure was measured in duplicate, and prehypertension and hypertension were defined according to JNC 7 criteria. The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in our population was 11.56% and 26.5%, respectively. The prevalence of prehypertension was significantly higher in men than in women. Prehypertension was associated with middle and old age (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6 and 2.4, respectively, P < .001), abdominal obesity (OR = 1.3, P = .008), upper quintiles of body mass index (OR = 2.05, P = .005), waist (OR = 1.97, P = .01) and hip (OR = 2.04, P = .005) circumferences, and body fat (OR = 2.37, P = .001). The main factors associated with the development of prehypertension are age, central obesity, and body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris P Guzmán-Guzmán
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
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Vrdoljak D, Bergman Marković B, Kranjčević K, Ivezić Lalić D, Vučak J, Katić M. How well do anthropometric indices correlate with cardiovascular risk factors? A cross-sectional study in Croati. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:PH6-11. [PMID: 22293890 PMCID: PMC3560586 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Usefulness of anthropometric indices (AI) as predictors of CV risk is unclear and remains controversial. Material/Methods To evaluate the correlation between AI and CV risk factors in the Croatian adult population and to observe possible differences between coastal and inland regions and urban and rural settlements. CRISIC-fm (ISRCTN31857696) is a prospective, randomized cohort study conducted in GP (general practitioner) practices in Croatia. Between May and July 2008, 59 GPs each recruited 55 participants aged ≥40 years, who visited a practice for any reason. Height, weight, waist and hip circumference and blood pressure were measured. Blood samples were analyzed in accredited laboratories. Results Out of 2467 participants (61.9% women, 38.1% men), 36.3% were obese, with fewer in coastal than inland areas. More obese people were in rural areas. Logistic regression showed BMI was the most important predictor of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia in both regions (except for diabetes in the coastal area), and for urban and rural settlements (except for diabetes in rural areas). WtHR was a significant predictor for hypertension and dyslipidemia in the coastal (but only for hypertension in the inland area), and in urban settlements (in rural only for hypertension). None of the AI showed significant correlation with total CV risk, but WC and BMI did with stroke risk. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses showed that WtHR was a better predictor than all other AI for hypertension and dyslipidemia. Conclusions Results encourage the use of BMI and WtHR as important tools in predicting CV risk in GP’s practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davorka Vrdoljak
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.
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Mkhonto SS, Labadarios D, Mabaso MLH. Association of body weight and physical activity with blood pressure in a rural population in the Dikgale village of Limpopo Province in South Africa. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:118. [PMID: 22361366 PMCID: PMC3392726 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Africa is faced with an increasing burden of hypertension attributed mainly to physical inactivity and obesity. Paucity of population based evidence in the African continent hinders the implementation effective preventive and control strategies. The aim of this study was to determine the association of body weight and physical activity with blood pressure in a rural black population in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. METHODS A convenient sample of 532 subjects (396 women and 136 men) between the ages 20-95 years participated in the study. Standard anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and physical activity were recorded by trained field workers. RESULTS Anthropometric measurements showed that a high percentage of women were significantly (p < 0.001) overweight and obese than men. Hypertension was significantly high among women (38.1%) compared to men (27.9%). In the univariate analysis mean body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and waist hip ratio (WHR) showed a significant positive association (p ≤ 0.05) with systolic and diastolic BP in women, and only WHR was statistically significant in men. The odds of being hypertensive also increased with BMI, WC and WHR in both women and men, including HC in women. No relationship was found between physical activity and high blood pressure. In the multivariate analysis only increase in HC and WHR was consistently associated with increase in SBP in women and WHR with hypertension in men. CONCLUSIONS The study findings indicate that women in this black South African rural population are overweight and obese than men and are at higher risk of hypertension as determined by selected anthropometric parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth S Mkhonto
- Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation, Human Sciences Research Council, 134 Pretorius Street, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
- Department of Medical Science, University of the Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Fauna Park Polokwane, 0787, South Africa
| | - Demetre Labadarios
- Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation, Human Sciences Research Council, 134 Pretorius Street, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Musawenkosi LH Mabaso
- HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB, Human Sciences Research Council, 750 Francois Road, Durban, 4001, South Africa
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Zhang X, Yao S, Sun G, Yu S, Sun Z, Zheng L, Xu C, Li J, Sun Y. Total and abdominal obesity among rural Chinese women and the association with hypertension. Nutrition 2012; 28:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Hirani V. Generalised and abdominal adiposity are important risk factors for chronic disease in older people: results from a nationally representative survey. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:469-78. [PMID: 21623469 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To look at the trends in prevalence of generalised (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference (WC) >102 cm, men; > 88 cm, women) among older people from 1993 to 2008, prevalence of chronic disease by overweight/obesity and WC categories in England 2005 and evaluate the association of these measures with chronic diseases. DESIGN Analyses of nationally representative cross-sectional population surveys, the Health Survey for England (HSE). PARTICIPANTS Non-institutionalised men and women aged ≥ 65 years (in HSE 2005, 1512 men and 1747 women). MEASUREMENTS Height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure measurements were taken according to standardised HSE protocols. Information collected on socio-demographic, health behaviour and doctor diagnosed health conditions. RESULTS Generalised obesity and abdominal obesity increased among men and women from 1993 to 2008. In 2005, the HSE 2005 focussed on older people. 72% of men and 68% of women aged over 65 were either overweight or obese. Prevalence of raised WC was higher in women (58%) than in men (46%). The prevalence of diabetes and arthritis was higher in people with generalised obesity in both sexes. Men were more likely to have had a joint replacement and had a higher prevalence of stroke if they were overweight only but women were more likely to have had a joint replacement only if they were obese (13%) and had a higher risk of falls with generalised obesity. The pattern was similar for the prevalence of chronic diseases by raised WC. Multivariate analysis showed that generalised and abdominal obesity was independently associated with risk of hypertension, diabetes and arthritis in both men and women. In women only, there was an association between generalised obesity and having a fall in the last year (OR: 1.5), and between abdominal obesity and having a joint replacement (OR: 1.9, p=0.01). CONCLUSION Complications of obesity such as diabetes, hypertension and arthritis, are more common in men and women aged over 65 who are overweight or obese, as well as in those with a raised WC. These conditions impact on morbidity, mortality and have cost implications for the health service and are known to improve with weight loss even in old age. Treatment strategies to address these conditions such as weight management and prevention of overweight and obesity are important even in older people. There is a need to ensure that older people are given appropriate advice about keeping physically active and eating sensibly.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hirani
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT.
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Ekezie J, Anyanwu EG, Danborno B, Anthony U. Impact of urbanization on obesity, anthropometric profile and blood pressure in the Igbos of Nigeria. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2011; 3:242-6. [PMID: 22558602 PMCID: PMC3337745 DOI: 10.4297/najms.2011.3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension in developing setting is often attributed to westernization of life style and stresses of urbanization, some of these increases have been noted in Nigeria. AIM This is a study on rural-urban differences on the blood pressure, obesity and anthropometrics among a major ethnic group in Nigeria. PATIENTS AND METHOD A total of 325 men and 242 women aged 20 to 80 years, of the Igbo ethnicity were selected for this study. The samples were selected from the rural and urban subgroups of the Igbo population. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist- hip ratio, waist-height ratio, waist circumference, triceps, subscapular, calf and sum of the three skin fold thicknesses and other anthropometric measurements were obtained using standard procedures. RESULT Blood pressure correlated with age and most of the anthropometric parameters (p< 0.05 ). All adiposity and blood pressure indicators were higher in the urban than in the rural sample. Women showed higher predisposition to both general and abdominal obesities in both samples. High blood pressure occurred more often in the urban sample than the rural. Urban men had the highest mean blood pressure (p< 0.05). High blood pressure appeared much connected with the pressures of city life. Regression formulae were derived for all the adiposity measures of Igbos in both rural and urban locations. CONCLUSION High rates of obesity and hypertension are noted among Igbos in both rural and urban areas. This is especially in the urban setting. The finding is indicative of a low level of attention on hypertension and obesity in the Igbos. The data reported here call for intervention programs on the risks, preventions and management of obesity and obesity related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jervase Ekezie
- Department of Prosthesis and Orthopaedics Technology Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imos, Nigeria
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Association between obesity indices and blood pressure or hypertension: which index is the best? Public Health Nutr 2009; 12:1061-71. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980008003601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundThe association between obesity and blood pressure is well documented and a series of obesity indices are used as risk factors or indicators of blood pressure and/or the presence of hypertension.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to explore and determine which obesity index is the best indicator of blood pressure and the presence of hypertension among five frequently used simple anthropometric indices.MethodsSubjects (n 29 079) were selected by cluster sampling from fourteen Chinese general populations. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference and blood pressure were measured for each participant. BMI, waist:hip ratio (WHR), waist:stature ratio (WSR) and conicity index (CI) were calculated. Pearson correlation, multiple logistic regression, multivariate linear regression and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used.ResultsA total of 13 558 men and 15 521 women were investigated. All five obesity indices were positively correlated with blood pressures and hypertension. After adjusting for age, WSR in men and BMI in women had the greatest association with the presence of hypertension, irrespective of the statistical method used. BMI had the strongest correlation with continuous blood pressures in both genders.ConclusionThe present results indicate that hypertension is associated with different obesity indices in men and in women. The best indicator for hypertension is WSR in men while it is BMI in women.
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Schell KA, Richards JG, Farquhar WB. The effects of anatomical structures on adult forearm and upper arm noninvasive blood pressures. Blood Press Monit 2007; 12:17-22. [PMID: 17303983 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0b013e3280858cd0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of anatomical structures, specifically limb subcutaneous tissue and vessels on differences between forearm and upper arm oscillometric noninvasive blood pressure measurements. METHODS Nineteen volunteers with a mean age of 21.7+/-3.7 years and without peripheral vascular disease or coronary artery disease participated. Circumference and skinfolds were measured for the upper arm and forearm. Body mass indices were calculated. Ultrasound measured vessel depth and diameter in the upper arm and forearm. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry determined percentage of subcutaneous tissue in the arm. With participants seated, American Heart Association guidelines were used to measure blood pressures, first by auscultatory method (upper arm only) and then by oscillometric method (upper arm and forearm) with a Dinamap 100 oscillometric blood pressure monitor. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were seen between upper arm auscultatory and oscillometric systolic blood pressures (t=-4.88; P=0.000) and mean arterial pressures (t=-3.07; P=0.007). Differences between oscillometric forearm and upper arm blood pressure readings were statistically significant for mean arterial pressures (t=-2.39; P=0.028). A regression model suggested that forearm and upper arm vessel depth, forearm vessel diameter, and upper arm circumference explained a statistically significant portion of the difference between forearm and upper arm blood pressures. CONCLUSIONS Differences between forearm and upper arm oscillometric blood pressures can be partially explained by vessel size, depth and upper arm circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Schell
- School of Nursing, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has become a growing worldwide epidemic that is associated with serious medical complications. Many clinicians and patients are aware of the systemic complications of obesity, but there are few providers and patients who are aware of the ocular manifestations of obesity. METHODS A review of the current medical literature was performed. Ocular and systemic manifestations associated with obesity are described, and a methodology for educating the optometric patient is presented. RESULTS There is significant morbidity and mortality associated with obesity, which is causing serious consequences to patients and an enormous economic strain on the health care system. Optometrists have a tremendous opportunity and obligation to educate their patients on the potential sight-threatening complications of obesity and encourage them to decrease their caloric intake and increase their physical activity to help alleviate this individual and collective burden. CONCLUSIONS Optometrists have a duty to educate and counsel their overweight and obese patients on the devastating ocular complications that could manifest as a result of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hal Bohlman
- James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Mountain Home, Tennessee.
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