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Zhang Y, Liu K, Lv J, Peng X, Tang Y, Zhao L, Cheng Y, Liu Q. Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Sediment on the Occurrence of Cladophora sp. (Cladophoraceae) in Aquaculture Ponds. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:739. [PMID: 39336166 PMCID: PMC11428272 DOI: 10.3390/biology13090739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
To explore the impact of sedimentary nitrogen and phosphorus on Cladophora occurrence, we conducted a microecosystem experiment simulating different nitrogen and phosphorus content as well as nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios in the sediment. Subsequently, to further explore the specific mechanism of influence that epiphytic algae have on Cladophora, we designed various microsystem culture experiments. These results revealed that an N/P ratio of 40:1 was relatively unfavorable for Cladophora growth. Additionally, there was an extremely significant negative correlation between the benthic cyanobacteria coverage on the sediment surface and the wet weight of Cladophora (p < 0.01), indicating that benthic cyanobacteria could inhibit the growth of Cladophora. Total nitrogen levels in the water column showed a significant positive correlation with phytoplankton biomass (p < 0.05), while benthic cyanobacteria coverage exhibited an extremely significant positive correlation with phytoplankton biomass through phosphorus absorption and nitrogen release (p < 0.01). Metabolite analysis of benthic cyanobacteria identified annotations for 313 metabolites; among them cis,cis-muconic acid (32.48‱), erucamide (9.52‱), phosphoric acid (6.97‱), fenpropidin (6.53‱), and propionic acid (5.16‱) accounted for proportions exceeding 5‱. However, none of these metabolites have been recognized as allelochemicals or toxins at present. This study provides novel insights into controlling Cladophora occurrence by considering sediment nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus, along with allelochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Henan Academy of Fishery Sciences, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Kaifang Liu
- College of Fisheries, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Henan Academy of Fishery Sciences, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Xinliang Peng
- College of Fisheries, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Yongtao Tang
- College of Fisheries, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Liangjie Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrion of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qigen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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2
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Johnston LH, Huang Y, Bermarija TD, Rafuse C, Zamlynny L, Bruce MR, Graham C, Comeau AM, Valadez-Cano C, Lawrence JE, Beach DG, Jamieson RC. Proliferation and anatoxin production of benthic cyanobacteria associated with canine mortalities along a stream-lake continuum. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170476. [PMID: 38290679 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Proliferations of benthic cyanobacteria are increasingly in the public eye, with rising animal deaths associated with benthic rather than planktonic blooms. In early June 2021, two dogs died after consuming material on the shore of Shubenacadie Grand Lake, Nova Scotia. Preliminary investigations indicated anatoxins produced by benthic cyanobacterial mats were responsible for the deaths. In this study, we monitored the growth of a toxic benthic cyanobacterial species (Microcoleus sp.) along a stream-lake continuum where the canine poisonings occurred. We found that the species was able to proliferate in both lentic and lotic environments, but temporal growth dynamics and the predominant sub-species were influenced by habitat type, and differed with hydrodynamic setting, nutrient and sunlight availability. Toxin concentration was greatest in cyanobacterial mats growing in the oligotrophic lakeshore environment (maximum measured total anatoxins (ATXs) >20 mg·kg-1 wet weight). This corresponded with a shift in the profile of ATX analogues, which also indicated changing sub-species dominance along the stream-lake transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay H Johnston
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Yannan Huang
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tessa D Bermarija
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Cheryl Rafuse
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford St, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lydia Zamlynny
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford St, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Meghann R Bruce
- Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Catherine Graham
- Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture, Animal Health Laboratory, 65 River Rd, Bible Hill, NS, Canada
| | - André M Comeau
- Integrated Microbiome Resource (IMR), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Cecilio Valadez-Cano
- Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Janice E Lawrence
- Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Daniel G Beach
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS, Canada; Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford St, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Rob C Jamieson
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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3
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Kramer BJ, Hem R, Gobler CJ. Elevated CO 2 significantly increases N 2 fixation, growth rates, and alters microcystin, anatoxin, and saxitoxin cell quotas in strains of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria, Dolichospermum. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 120:102354. [PMID: 36470609 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effect of rising CO2 levels on cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) is an emerging concern, particularly within eutrophic ecosystems. While elevated pCO2 has been associated with enhanced growth rates of some cyanobacteria, few studies have explored the effect of CO2 and nitrogen availability on diazotrophic (N2-fixing) cyanobacteria that produce cyanotoxins. Here, the effects of elevated CO2 and fixed nitrogen (NO3-) availability on the growth rates, toxin production, and N2 fixation of microcystin, saxitoxin, and anatoxin-a - producing strains of the genus Dolichospermum were quantified. Growth rates of all Dolichospermum spp. were significantly increased by CO2 or both CO2 and NO3- with rates being highest in treatments with the highest levels of CO2 and NO3-for all strains. While NO3- suppressed N2 fixation, diazotrophy significantly increased when NO3--enriched Dolichospermum spp. were supplied with higher CO2 compared to cultures grown under lower CO2 levels. This suggests that diazotrophy will play an increasingly important role in N cycling in CO2-enriched, eutrophic lentic systems. NO3- significantly increased quotas of the N-rich cyanotoxins, microcystin and saxitoxin, at ambient and enriched CO2 levels, respectively. In contrast, elevated CO2 significantly decreased cell quotas of microcystin and saxitoxin, but significantly increased cell quotas of the N-poor cyanotoxin, anatoxin. N2 fixation was significantly negatively and positively correlated with quotas of N-rich and N-poor cyanotoxins, respectively. Findings suggest cellular quotas of N-rich toxins (microcystin and saxitoxin) may be significantly reduced, or cellular quotas of N-poor toxins (anatoxin) may be significantly enhanced, under elevated CO2 conditions during diazotrophic cyanobacterial blooms. Finally, in the future, ecosystems that experience combinations of excessive N loading and CO2 enrichment may become more prone to toxic blooms of Dolichospermum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Kramer
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 239 Montauk Highway, Southampton, NY, United States, 11968
| | - Ronojoy Hem
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 239 Montauk Highway, Southampton, NY, United States, 11968
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 239 Montauk Highway, Southampton, NY, United States, 11968.
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Curren E, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Leong SCY. The toxic cosmopolitan cyanobacteria Moorena producens: insights into distribution, ecophysiology and toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:78178-78206. [PMID: 36190622 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Moorena producens is a benthic filamentous cyanobacteria that has been widely documented for its toxicity. This cyanobacterium colonizes both temperate (37%) and tropical (63%) regions, making it a cosmopolitan cyanobacterium with a global distribution. M. producens grows across coral reefs in multiple locations but recurringly blooms in Queensland, Australia. Today, nuisance blooms of M. producens have resulted in major disruptions to recreational activities along coastal areas and are known to cause adverse effects on organism and human health upon contact or ingestion. Specifically, marine organisms such as the green turtle Chelonia mydas and hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys imbricata were fatally poisoned by M. producens after consumption of this cyanobacterium. Reports record a range of effects on human health, from pain and blistering or even death upon ingestion of contaminated seafood. Blooms of M. producens are triggered by influxes of nitrogen, phosphate and iron, from surrounding coastal runoffs or sewage effluents. Additions of these nutrients can result in an increase in growth rate by 4-16 times. Iron bioavailability also plays a crucial role in bloom formation. A total of 231 natural products from 66 groups were identified from M. producens, with the three dominant groups: malyngamides, microcolins and dolastatins. These bioactive secondary metabolites have displayed toxicities against a range of carcinoma cell lines and organisms such as brine shrimp Artemia salina and goldfish Carassius auratus. This review provides a thorough insight to the distribution, ecophysiology and toxicity of M. producens, with reports on bloom events and implications on organism and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Curren
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119227, Singapore.
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Malaysia
| | - Sandric Chee Yew Leong
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119227, Singapore
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Kramer BJ, Jankowiak JG, Nanjappa D, Harke MJ, Gobler CJ. Nitrogen and phosphorus significantly alter growth, nitrogen fixation, anatoxin-a content, and the transcriptome of the bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Dolichospermum. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:955032. [PMID: 36160233 PMCID: PMC9490380 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.955032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
While freshwater cyanobacteria are traditionally thought to be limited by the availability of phosphorus (P), fixed nitrogen (N) supply can promote the growth and/or toxin production of some genera. This study characterizes how growth on N2 (control), nitrate (NO3 -), ammonium (NH4 +), and urea as well as P limitation altered the growth, toxin production, N2 fixation, and gene expression of an anatoxin-a (ATX-A) - producing strain of Dolichospermum sp. 54. The transcriptomes of fixed N and P-limited cultures differed significantly from those of fixed N-deplete, P-replete (control) cultures, while the transcriptomes of P-replete cultures amended with either NH4 + or NO3 - were not significantly different relative to those of the control. Growth rates of Dolichospermum (sp. 54) were significantly higher when grown on fixed N relative to without fixed N; growth on NH4 + was also significantly greater than growth on NO3 -. NH4 + and urea significantly lowered N2 fixation and nifD gene transcript abundance relative to the control while cultures amended with NO3 - exhibited N2 fixation and nifD gene transcript abundance that was not different from the control. Cultures grown on NH4 + exhibited the lowest ATX-A content per cell and lower transcript abundance of genes associated ATX-A synthesis (ana), while the abundance of transcripts of several ana genes were highest under fixed N and P - limited conditions. The significant negative correlation between growth rate and cellular anatoxin quota as well as the significantly higher number of transcripts of ana genes in cultures deprived of fixed N and P relative to P-replete cultures amended with NH4 + suggests ATX-A was being actively synthesized under P limitation. Collectively, these findings indicate that management strategies that do not regulate fixed N loading will leave eutrophic water bodies vulnerable to more intense and toxic (due to increased biomass) blooms of Dolichospermum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Kramer
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, United States
| | | | - Deepak Nanjappa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, United States
| | - Matthew J. Harke
- Gloucester Marine Genomics Institute, Gloucester, MA, United States
| | - Christopher J. Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, United States
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Anam GB, Govarthanan M, Ahn YH. Assessment of nitrogen interaction with temperature on the growth and toxin production of mat-forming toxin-producing Anagnostidinema carotinosum. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2851-2863. [PMID: 35983987 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Global warming and eutrophication contribute to the severity of cyanobacteria blooms. However, it is unclear how these factors influence the growth and toxin production of Anagnostidinema carotinosum. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on morphological and molecular analysis, this is the first time A. carotinosum was identified in South Korea. The interactive effect of temperature (25, 30 or 34 °C) and nitrogen (2.5, 3.5 or 4.5 mg NO3 -N l-1 ) on A. carotinosum growth and toxin production were studied. Increasing nitrogen limitation reflects reduced growth and chlorophyll-a content at all temperatures. However, the growth was effective under nitrogen limitation when temperatures exceeded 25 °C. The maximum growth was found at 30 °C, followed by 34 °C under higher nitrate levels (3.5 and 4.5 mg l-1 ). In addition, the cell microcystin and anatoxin-a quota increased significantly at 25 °C with increasing nitrate limitation, decreasing considerably at 30 °C in the same nitrate gradient. CONCLUSION These results suggested temperatures stimulate A. carotinosum growth at 30 and 34 °C and cellular toxin quota at 25 and 34 °C with increasing NO3 -N levels. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings imply that limiting nitrogen input alone can effectively reduce biomass; however, controlling A. carotinosum and its toxins at higher temperatures under nitrate limitation is necessary for water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giridhar Babu Anam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Deagu, South Korea.,Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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7
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Chaffin JD, Westrick JA, Furr E, Birbeck JA, Reitz LA, Stanislawczyk K, Li W, Weber PK, Bridgeman TB, Davis TW, Mayali X. Quantification of microcystin production and biodegradation rates in the western basin of Lake Erie. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY 2022; 67:1470-1483. [PMID: 36248197 PMCID: PMC9543754 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial biomass forecasts currently cannot predict the concentrations of microcystin, one of the most ubiquitous cyanotoxins that threaten human and wildlife health globally. Mechanistic insights into how microcystin production and biodegradation by heterotrophic bacteria change spatially and throughout the bloom season can aid in toxin concentration forecasts. We quantified microcystin production and biodegradation during two growth seasons in two western Lake Erie sites with different physicochemical properties commonly plagued by summer Microcystis blooms. Microcystin production rates were greater with elevated nutrients than under ambient conditions and were highest nearshore during the initial phases of the bloom, and production rates were lower in later bloom phases. We examined biodegradation rates of the most common and toxic microcystin by adding extracellular stable isotope-labeled microcystin-LR (1 μg L-1), which remained stable in the abiotic treatment (without bacteria) with minimal adsorption onto sediment, but strongly decreased in all unaltered biotic treatments, suggesting biodegradation. Greatest biodegradation rates (highest of -8.76 d-1, equivalent to the removal of 99.98% in 18 h) were observed during peak bloom conditions, while lower rates were observed with lower cyanobacteria biomass. Cell-specific nitrogen incorporation from microcystin-LR by nanoscale imaging mass spectrometry showed that a small percentage of the heterotrophic bacterial community actively degraded microcystin-LR. Microcystin production and biodegradation rates, combined with the microcystin incorporation by single cells, suggest that microcystin predictive models could be improved by incorporating toxin production and biodegradation rates, which are influenced by cyanobacterial bloom stage (early vs. late bloom), nutrient availability, and bacterial community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D. Chaffin
- F.T. Stone Laboratory and Ohio Sea GrantThe Ohio State UniversityPut‐In‐BayOhioUSA
| | - Judy A. Westrick
- Lumigen Instrument CenterWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Elliot Furr
- Department of Biological SciencesBowling Green State UniversityBowling GreenOhioUSA
| | | | - Laura A. Reitz
- Department of Biological SciencesBowling Green State UniversityBowling GreenOhioUSA
- Present address:
Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Keara Stanislawczyk
- F.T. Stone Laboratory and Ohio Sea GrantThe Ohio State UniversityPut‐In‐BayOhioUSA
| | - Wei Li
- Physical and Life Sciences DirectorateLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peter K. Weber
- Physical and Life Sciences DirectorateLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Timothy W. Davis
- Department of Biological SciencesBowling Green State UniversityBowling GreenOhioUSA
| | - Xavier Mayali
- Physical and Life Sciences DirectorateLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCaliforniaUSA
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Yadav S, Anam GB, Ahn YH. Comparative growth characteristics and interspecific competitive interaction of two cyanobacteria, Phormidium autumnale and Nostoc sp. . JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2022; 51:78-89. [PMID: 34786721 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the growth characteristics and competitive interaction of two cyanobacteria, Phormidium autumnale GJ_2B_I1 and Nostoc sp. DS_2B_I1, which were newly isolated from a southeast river (Nakdong) during the cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (CyanoHAB) season in Korea. As major environmental parameters, water temperature (25 and 30 °C) and alkalinity (19-78 mg CaCO3 L-1 ) and nitrate concentration (1.5-3.5 mg NO3 -N L-1 ) were selected based on the water environmental monitoring data during the CyanoHAB season. Unlike P. autumnale, Nostoc sp. has a relatively high growth rate under both monoculture and co-culture and prefers the maximum environmental conditions (30 °C and 78 mg CaCO3 L-1 ; pH 9) during the CyanoHAB season. In addition, the growth of P. autumnale is relatively unaffected by alkalinity. Nitrogen (N) stress also has a limiting effect in the interspecific interactions of both cyanobacterial strains. All other cases except for Nostoc sp. in a co-culture showed a considerable increase in growth rate with increasing N content (1.5-3.5 mg NO3 -N L-1 ), showing 20-64% under the minimum field conditions (25 °C and 19 mg CaCO3 L-1 ; pH 7) and 18-140% under the maximum field conditions. The results show that the growth of P. autumnale can be stimulated by enhanced N stress. On the other hand, Nostoc sp. is less affected by N stress compared with P. autumnale. Therefore, it has excellent potential to be a major group of CyanoHABs because of their relatively high growth rate, particularly in the range of N tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Yadav
- Dep. of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam Univ., Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Giridhar Babu Anam
- Dep. of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam Univ., Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Dep. of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam Univ., Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
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Tee HS, Wood SA, Bouma-Gregson K, Lear G, Handley KM. Genome Streamlining, Plasticity, and Metabolic Versatility Distinguish Co-occurring Toxic and Nontoxic Cyanobacterial Strains of Microcoleus. mBio 2021; 12:e0223521. [PMID: 34700377 PMCID: PMC8546630 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02235-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial bloom occurrences have increased worldwide due to climate change and eutrophication, causing nuisance and animal deaths. Species from the benthic cyanobacterial genus Microcoleus are ubiquitous and form thick mats in freshwater systems, such as rivers, that are sometimes toxic due to the production of potent neurotoxins (anatoxins). Anatoxin-producing (toxic) strains typically coexist with non-anatoxin-producing (nontoxic) strains in mats, although the reason for this is unclear. To determine the genetic mechanisms differentiating toxic and nontoxic Microcoleus, we sequenced and assembled genomes from 11 cultures and compared these to another 31 Microcoleus genomes. Average nucleotide identities (ANI) indicate that toxic and nontoxic strains are distinct species (ANI, <95%), and only 6% of genes are shared across all 42 genomes, suggesting a high level of genetic divergence among Microcoleus strains. Comparative genomics showed substantial genome streamlining in toxic strains and a potential dependency on external sources for thiamine and sucrose. Toxic and nontoxic strains are further differentiated by an additional set of putative nitrate transporter (nitrogen uptake) and cyanophycin (carbon and nitrogen storage) genes, respectively. These genes likely confer distinct competitive advantages based on nutrient availability and suggest nontoxic strains are more robust to nutrient fluctuations. Nontoxic strains also possess twice as many transposable elements, potentially facilitating greater genetic adaptation to environmental changes. Our results offer insights into the divergent evolution of Microcoleus strains and the potential for cooperative and competitive interactions that contribute to the co-occurrence of toxic and nontoxic species within mats. IMPORTANCE Microcoleus autumnalis, and closely related Microcoleus species, compose a geographically widespread group of freshwater benthic cyanobacteria. Canine deaths due to anatoxin-a poisoning, following exposure to toxic proliferations, have been reported globally. While Microcoleus proliferations are on the rise, the mechanisms underpinning competition between, or coexistence of, toxic and nontoxic strains are unknown. This study identifies substantial genetic differences between anatoxin-producing and non-anatoxin-producing strains, pointing to reduced metabolic flexibility in toxic strains, and potential dependence on cohabiting nontoxic strains. Results provide insights into the metabolic and evolutionary differences between toxic and nontoxic Microcoleus, which may assist in predicting and managing aquatic proliferations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee Sze Tee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Keith Bouma-Gregson
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Gavin Lear
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kim M. Handley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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10
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Dey I, Banerjee S, Bose R, Pal R. Spatiotemporal variations in the composition of algal mats in wastewater treatment ponds of tannery industry. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:359. [PMID: 34037860 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater Treatment Pond (WTP) is an effective remediation technology for economically developing nations. Although it's excessive organic and nutrient loads with higher water logging time triggers mixed and unprofitable microalgal mats. This may serve as a seeding source for Cyanobacterial bloom in receiving waterbodies. Since, to maintain the growth of desirable algal species in WTPs, understanding towards environmental regulation and algal mat composition is important, especially for tropical countries, like India. In this study, biological treatment pond (BTP) and outlet pond (OP), of a tannery effluent treatment plant in eastern coast of India, were chosen for surveying the algal community composition concerning ecological parameters. Nearly, both the ponds were polluted, but the diversity was lower in BTP due to its elevated nutrient content (Ammonia 173 mg L-1) and higher persistent organic matters (COD 301.7 mg L-1) than OP. Using canonical correspondence analysis, seasonal variations showed higher species abundance during early summer compared to other seasons. A total of 37 taxa forming thick algal mats were recorded. The matrix of mats was mainly composed of Cyanobacterial members such as Phormidium, Leptolyngbya, Spirulina, and Pseudanabaena, followed by diatoms, especially Amphora and Nitzschia. Diatoms commonly occurred as embedded component in the entangled matrix of blue-green algal filaments. Hierarchical cluster analysis was employed to group all these taxa based on their seasonal appearance and abundance. This year-long intensive study revealing seasonal algal mat composition patterns in these WTPs will ultimately safeguard the livelihood and security of adjoining localities through proper site-specific pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dey
- Phycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sreemanti Banerjee
- Phycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Rahul Bose
- Phycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Ruma Pal
- Phycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
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11
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Roles of Nutrient Limitation on Western Lake Erie CyanoHAB Toxin Production. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13010047. [PMID: 33435505 PMCID: PMC7828104 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (CyanoHAB) proliferation is a global problem impacting ecosystem and human health. Western Lake Erie (WLE) typically endures two highly toxic CyanoHABs during summer: a Microcystis spp. bloom in Maumee Bay that extends throughout the western basin, and a Planktothrix spp. bloom in Sandusky Bay. Recently, the USA and Canada agreed to a 40% phosphorus (P) load reduction to lessen the severity of the WLE blooms. To investigate phosphorus and nitrogen (N) limitation of biomass and toxin production in WLE CyanoHABs, we conducted in situ nutrient addition and 40% dilution microcosm bioassays in June and August 2019. During the June Sandusky Bay bloom, biomass production as well as hepatotoxic microcystin and neurotoxic anatoxin production were N and P co-limited with microcystin production becoming nutrient deplete under 40% dilution. During August, the Maumee Bay bloom produced microcystin under nutrient repletion with slight induced P limitation under 40% dilution, and the Sandusky Bay bloom produced anatoxin under N limitation in both dilution treatments. The results demonstrate the importance of nutrient limitation effects on microcystin and anatoxin production. To properly combat cyanotoxin and cyanobacterial biomass production in WLE, both N and P reduction efforts should be implemented in its watershed.
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Puddick J, van Ginkel R, Page CD, Murray JS, Greenhough HE, Bowater J, Selwood AI, Wood SA, Prinsep MR, Truman P, Munday R, Finch SC. Acute toxicity of dihydroanatoxin-a from Microcoleus autumnalis in comparison to anatoxin-a. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127937. [PMID: 32828056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Microcoleus autumnalis grows as thick benthic mats in rivers and is becoming increasingly prevalent around the world. M. autumnalis can produce high concentrations of anatoxins and ingestion of benthic mats has led to multiple dog deaths over the past two decades. M. autumnalis produces a suite of different anatoxin congeners including anatoxin-a (ATX), dihydroanatoxin-a, (dhATX), homoanatoxin-a and dihydrohomoanatoxin-a. Benthic mat samples often contain high levels of dhATX, but there is little toxicology information on this congener. In the present study, natural versions of dhATX and ATX were purified from cyanobacteria to determine the acute toxicity by different routes of administration using mice. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to confirm the putative structure of dhATX. By intraperitoneal (ip) injection, the median lethal dose (LD50) for dhATX was 0.73 mg/kg, indicating a reduced toxicity compared to ATX (LD50 of 0.23 mg/kg). However, by oral administration (both gavage and feeding), dhATX was more toxic than ATX (gavage LD50 of 2.5 mg/kg for dhATX and 10.6 mg/kg for ATX; feeding LD50 of 8 mg/kg for dhATX and 25 mg/kg for ATX). The relative nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-binding affinities of ATX and dhATX were determined using the Torpedo electroplaque assay which showed consistency with the relative toxicity determined by ip injection. This work highlights that toxicity studies based solely on ip injection may not yield LD50 values that are relevant to those derived via oral administration, and hence, do not provide a good estimate of the risk posed to human and animal health in situations where oral ingestion is the likely route of exposure. The high acute oral toxicity of dhATX, and its abundance in M. autumnalis proliferations, demonstrates that it is an important environmental contaminant that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roel van Ginkel
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | - Carrie D Page
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | - J Sam Murray
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | | | - Joel Bowater
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | | | - Susanna A Wood
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | - Michèle R Prinsep
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Penelope Truman
- Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Rex Munday
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Sarah C Finch
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
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Wood SA, Kelly L, Bouma-Gregson K, Humbert JF, Laughinghouse HD, Lazorchak J, McAllister T, McQueen A, Pokrzywinski K, Puddick J, Quiblier C, Reitz LA, Ryan K, Vadeboncoeur Y, Zastepa A, Davis TW. Toxic benthic freshwater cyanobacterial proliferations: Challenges and solutions for enhancing knowledge and improving monitoring and mitigation. FRESHWATER BIOLOGY 2020; 65:1824-1842. [PMID: 34970014 PMCID: PMC8715960 DOI: 10.1111/fwb.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
1. This review summarises knowledge on the ecology, toxin production, and impacts of toxic freshwater benthic cyanobacterial proliferations. It documents monitoring, management, and sampling strategies, and explores mitigation options. 2. Toxic proliferations of freshwater benthic cyanobacteria (taxa that grow attached to substrates) occur in streams, rivers, lakes, and thermal and meltwater ponds, and have been reported in 19 countries. Anatoxin- and microcystin-containing mats are most commonly reported (eight and 10 countries, respectively). 3. Studies exploring factors that promote toxic benthic cyanobacterial proliferations are limited to a few species and habitats. There is a hierarchy of importance in environmental and biological factors that regulate proliferations with variables such as flow (rivers), fine sediment deposition, nutrients, associated microbes, and grazing identified as key drivers. Regulating factors differ among colonisation, expansion, and dispersal phases. 4. New -omics-based approaches are providing novel insights into the physiological attributes of benthic cyanobacteria and the role of associated microorganisms in facilitating their proliferation. 5. Proliferations are commonly comprised of both toxic and non-toxic strains, and the relative proportion of these is the key factor contributing to the overall toxin content of each mat. 6. While these events are becoming more commonly reported globally, we currently lack standardised approaches to detect, monitor, and manage this emerging health issue. To solve these critical gaps, global collaborations are needed to facilitate the rapid transfer of knowledge and promote the development of standardised techniques that can be applied to diverse habitats and species, and ultimately lead to improved management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keith Bouma-Gregson
- Office of Information Management and Analysis, California State Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | | | - H Dail Laughinghouse
- Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | - James Lazorchak
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Monitoring and Modeling, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tara McAllister
- Te Pūnaha Matatini Centre of Research Excellence for Complex Systems, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew McQueen
- Environmental Risk Assessment Branch, US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineering Research & Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Katyee Pokrzywinski
- Environmental Risk Assessment Branch, US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineering Research & Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi, United States of America
| | | | | | - Laura A Reitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ken Ryan
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Yvonne Vadeboncoeur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Arthur Zastepa
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy W Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, United States of America
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14
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Tee HS, Waite D, Payne L, Middleditch M, Wood S, Handley KM. Tools for successful proliferation: diverse strategies of nutrient acquisition by a benthic cyanobacterium. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2164-2178. [PMID: 32424245 PMCID: PMC7367855 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms have increased worldwide, channeling organic carbon into these systems, and threatening animal health through the production of cyanotoxins. Both toxic and nontoxic Microcoleus proliferations usually occur when there are moderate concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, but when phosphorus is scarce. In order to understand how Microcoleus establishes thick biofilms (or mats) on riverbeds under phosphorus-limiting conditions, we collected Microcoleus-dominated biofilms over a 19-day proliferation event for proteogenomics. A single pair of nitrogen-dependent Microcoleus species were consistently present in relatively high abundance, although each followed a unique metabolic trajectory. Neither possessed anatoxin gene clusters, and only very low concentrations of anatoxins (~2 µg kg-1) were detected, likely originating from rarer Microcoleus species also present. Proteome allocations were dominated by photosynthesizing cyanobacteria and diatoms, and data indicate biomass was actively recycled by Bacteroidetes and Myxococcales. Microcoleus likely acquired nutrients throughout the proliferation event by uptake of nitrate, urea, and inorganic and organic phosphorus. Both species also harbored genes that could be used for inorganic phosphate solubilization with pyrroloquinoline quinone cofactors produced by cohabiting Proteobacteria. Results indicate that Microcoleus are equipped with diverse mechanisms for nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition, enabling them to proliferate and out-compete others in low-phosphorus waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Tee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - D Waite
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - L Payne
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M Middleditch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S Wood
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - K M Handley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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15
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Kumar Saini D, Yadav D, Pabbi S, Chhabra D, Shukla P. Phycobiliproteins from Anabaena variabilis CCC421 and its production enhancement strategies using combinatory evolutionary algorithm approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 309:123347. [PMID: 32334343 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The production of phycobiliproteins (PBPs) from cyanobacteria represents both the industrial application and their commercial value. In this study, the capability of Anabaena variabilis CCC421 for the production of PBPs was evaluated which was further improved by optimization of selected BG-11 medium components viz. FAC, K2HPO4 and trace metals. A design matrix approach using evolutionary algorithm comprised of genetic-algorithm (GA) and fuzzy-logic-methodology (FLM), i.e., GA-Fuzzy, was used for the optimization. The maximum production of PBPs obtained with combinatory approach of GA-Fuzzy was 408.5 mg/L at an optimum combination of factors (FAC 0.153 g/L, K2HPO4 0.2 g/L and Trace metals 0.5 ml/L) which was a 2.13 fold more than the control medium. This novel approach is very useful for modulating biological processes since various nutrients and metabolites have greater influence on these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India; Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue-Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Dinesh Yadav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, Haryana, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Pabbi
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue-Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
| | - Deepak Chhabra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
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16
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Fiore MF, de Lima ST, Carmichael WW, McKinnie SMK, Chekan JR, Moore BS. Guanitoxin, re-naming a cyanobacterial organophosphate toxin. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 92:101737. [PMID: 32113603 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Anatoxin-a(S) is the most potent natural neurotoxin produced by fresh water cyanobacteria. It is also the least understood and monitored. Although this potent cholinesterase inhibitor was first reported in the 1970s and connected with animal poisonings, the lack of chemical standards and identified biosynthetic genes together with limited diagnostics and acute reactivity of this naturally-occurring organophosphate have limited our understanding of its environmental breadth and human health implications. Anatoxin-a(S) irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase much like other organophosphate agents like paraoxon. It is however often confused with the similarly named anatoxin-a that has a completely different chemical structure, mechanism of action, and biosynthesis. Herein we propose renaming of anatoxin-a(S) to clarify its distinct structure and mechanism and to draw renewed attention to this potent natural poison. We propose the new name guanitoxin (GNT) to emphasize its distinctive guanidino organophosphate chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marli Fátima Fiore
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Stella Thomaz de Lima
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Wayne W Carmichael
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | - Jonathan R Chekan
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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17
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Burford MA, Carey CC, Hamilton DP, Huisman J, Paerl HW, Wood SA, Wulff A. Perspective: Advancing the research agenda for improving understanding of cyanobacteria in a future of global change. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 91:101601. [PMID: 32057347 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (=cyanoHABs) are an increasing feature of many waterbodies throughout the world. Many bloom-forming species produce toxins, making them of particular concern for drinking water supplies, recreation and fisheries in waterbodies along the freshwater to marine continuum. Global changes resulting from human impacts, such as climate change, over-enrichment and hydrological alterations of waterways, are major drivers of cyanoHAB proliferation and persistence. This review advocates that to better predict and manage cyanoHABs in a changing world, researchers need to leverage studies undertaken to date, but adopt a more complex and definitive suite of experiments, observations, and models which can effectively capture the temporal scales of processes driven by eutrophication and a changing climate. Better integration of laboratory culture and field experiments, as well as whole system and multiple-system studies are needed to improve confidence in models predicting impacts of climate change and anthropogenic over-enrichment and hydrological modifications. Recent studies examining adaptation of species and strains to long-term perturbations, e.g. temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, as well as incorporating multi-species and multi-stressor approaches emphasize the limitations of approaches focused on single stressors and individual species. There are also emerging species of concern, such as toxic benthic cyanobacteria, for which the effects of global change are less well understood, and require more detailed study. This review provides approaches and examples of studies tackling the challenging issue of understanding how global changes will affect cyanoHABs, and identifies critical information needs for effective prediction and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
| | - C C Carey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - D P Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - J Huisman
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - S A Wood
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - A Wulff
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Kelly LT, Ryan KG, Wood SA. Differential strain response in alkaline phosphatase activity to available phosphorus in Microcoleus autumnalis. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 89:101664. [PMID: 31672236 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Toxic, benthic cyanobacterial proliferations have increased in frequency and severity globally and can have negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems, recreation and human health. Microcoleus autumnalis has been associated with numerous animal fatalities and is causing increasing concern. It tends to grow in systems with moderate dissolved inorganic nitrogen and very low dissolved reactive phosphorus. Acquisition of nutrients, particularly phosphorus, from organic sources may explain how M. autumnalis can reach the high biomass in these relatively nutrient deplete environments. In the present study the effect of phosphorus concentration and source on alkaline phosphatase activity was investigated in toxic and non-toxic M. autumnalis strains. Toxic strains exhibited significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity than non-toxic strains (p < 0.05), and alkaline phosphatase activity increased in all strains under phosphorus-depleted conditions (p < 0.05). Alkaline phosphatase activity was also present in environmental M. autumnalis mats, though at lower levels than in laboratory experiments. The presence of alkaline phosphatase activity indicates that the acquisition of phosphorus from organic phosphorus sources may contribute to the ability of M. autumnalis to grow in systems with low dissolved reactive phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura T Kelly
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Ken G Ryan
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Susanna A Wood
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand.
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Bouma-Gregson K, Olm MR, Probst AJ, Anantharaman K, Power ME, Banfield JF. Impacts of microbial assemblage and environmental conditions on the distribution of anatoxin-a producing cyanobacteria within a river network. THE ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:1618-1634. [PMID: 30809011 PMCID: PMC6776057 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Blooms of planktonic cyanobacteria have long been of concern in lakes, but more recently, harmful impacts of riverine benthic cyanobacterial mats been recognized. As yet, we know little about how various benthic cyanobacteria are distributed in river networks, or how environmental conditions or other associated microbes in their consortia affect their biosynthetic capacities. We performed metagenomic sequencing for 22 Oscillatoriales-dominated (Cyanobacteria) microbial mats collected across the Eel River network in Northern California and investigated factors associated with anatoxin-a producing cyanobacteria. All microbial communities were dominated by one or two cyanobacterial species, so the key mat metabolisms involve oxygenic photosynthesis and carbon oxidation. Only a few metabolisms fueled the growth of the mat communities, with little evidence for anaerobic metabolic pathways. We genomically defined four cyanobacterial species, all which shared <96% average nucleotide identity with reference Oscillatoriales genomes and are potentially novel species in the genus Microcoleus. One of the Microcoleus species contained the anatoxin-a biosynthesis genes, and we describe the first anatoxin-a gene cluster from the Microcoleus clade within Oscillatoriales. Occurrence of these four Microcoleus species in the watershed was correlated with total dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, and the species that contains the anatoxin-a gene cluster was found in sites with higher nitrogen concentrations. Microbial assemblages in mat samples with the anatoxin-a gene cluster consistently had a lower abundance of Burkholderiales (Betaproteobacteria) species than did mats without the anatoxin-producing genes. The associations of water nutrient concentrations and certain co-occurring microbes with anatoxin-a producing Microcoleus motivate further exploration for their roles as potential controls on the distributions of toxigenic benthic cyanobacteria in river networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Bouma-Gregson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthew R Olm
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alexander J Probst
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Group for Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Biofilm Center, Department for Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karthik Anantharaman
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mary E Power
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jillian F Banfield
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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20
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Li H, Alsanea A, Barber M, Goel R. High-throughput DNA sequencing reveals the dominance of pico- and other filamentous cyanobacteria in an urban freshwater Lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 661:465-480. [PMID: 30677691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study presents findings related to algal blooms in a fresh water lake, which has been experiencing severe cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs). Primarily, picocyanobacteria belonging to the genus Synechococcus and filamentous cyanobacterial group belonging to Aphanizomenon and Dolichospermum dominated top water column during non-bloom and bloom periods respectively. The dominance of Synechococcus in early summer informs that blooming in Utah Lake starts in early summer and then later is taken over by other bloom-forming cyanobacteria, such as species belonging to the genus Aphanizomenon. A strong negative correlation (r = -0.9, p < 0.001) was found between the occurrence of Aphanizomenon and Synechococcus which correlates very well with the fact that the blooms of these two different cyanobacteria never coexisted. The predominance of cyanobacteria in 2017 was attributed more to temperature (r = 0.18, p < 0.001). The Actinobacteria was negatively correlated with primary production and high chlorophyll a concentration. Flavobacterium and Limnohabitans were the main phytoplankton colonizers and predators detected that could secrete extracellular enzymes to degrade algal exudates (such as proteins and polysaccharides). Additionally, cyanotoxins producers Microcystis aeruginosa and Planktothrix accounted for up to 12.43% and 7.04% of total cyanobacteria abundance during blooms. The relative abundance of chloroplast reads was overall lower than the cyanobacteria reads, except for the May 5th sampling in 2017. There was inter-annual variability in the bloom-associated heterotrophic bacterial populations, but these populations were consistent with bloom-associated bacterial populations found in other lakes. Community diversity analysis for both Shannon and Simpson indices indicated lower community diversity during the bloom period. The beta diversity conducted by PCoA and UPGMA trees suggested the significant temporal rather than spatial impacts on shaping the phytoplankton community structures during the summer season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyan Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, UT, USA
| | - Anwar Alsanea
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, UT, USA
| | - Michael Barber
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, UT, USA
| | - Ramesh Goel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, UT, USA.
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21
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Development and Application of a Quantitative PCR Assay to Assess Genotype Dynamics and Anatoxin Content in Microcoleus autumnalis-Dominated Mats. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10110431. [PMID: 30373141 PMCID: PMC6266952 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcoleus is a filamentous cyanobacteria genus with a global distribution. Some species form thick, cohesive mats over large areas of the benthos in rivers and lakes. In New Zealand Microcoleus autumnalis is an anatoxin producer and benthic proliferations are occurring in an increasing number of rivers nationwide. Anatoxin content in M. autumnalis-dominated mats varies spatially and temporally, making understanding and managing proliferations difficult. In this study a M. autumnalis-specific TaqMan probe quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay targeting the anaC gene was developed. The assay was assessed against 26 non-M. autumnalis species. The assay had a detection range over seven orders of magnitude, with a limit of detection of 5.14 × 10−8 ng μL−1. The anaC assay and a cyanobacterial specific 16S rRNA qPCR were then used to determine toxic genotype proportions in 122 environmental samples collected from 19 sites on 10 rivers in New Zealand. Anatoxin contents of the samples were determined using LC-MS/MS and anatoxin quota per toxic cell calculated. The percentage of toxic cells ranged from 0 to 30.3%, with significant (p < 0.05) differences among rivers. The anatoxin content in mats had a significant relationship with the percentage of toxic cells (R2 = 0.38, p < 0.001), indicating that changes in anatoxin content in M. autumnalis-dominated mats are primarily related to the dominance of toxic strains. When applied to more extensive samples sets the assay will enable new insights into how biotic and abiotic parameters influence genotype composition, and if applied to RNA assist in understanding anatoxin production.
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22
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Bouma-Gregson K, Kudela RM, Power ME. Widespread anatoxin-a detection in benthic cyanobacterial mats throughout a river network. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197669. [PMID: 29775481 PMCID: PMC5959195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Benthic algae fuel summer food webs in many sunlit rivers, and are hotspots for primary and secondary production and biogeochemical cycling. Concerningly, riverine benthic algal assemblages can become dominated by toxic cyanobacteria, threatening water quality and public health. In the Eel River in Northern California, over a dozen dog deaths have been attributed to cyanotoxin poisonings since 2000. During the summers of 2013–2015, we documented spatial and temporal patterns of cyanotoxin concentrations in the watershed, showing widespread distribution of anatoxin-a in benthic cyanobacterial mats. Solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) samplers were deployed weekly to record dissolved microcystin and anatoxin-a levels at 10 sites throughout the watershed, and 187 Anabaena-dominated or Phormidium-dominated cyanobacterial mat samples were collected from 27 locations to measure intracellular anatoxin-a (ATX) and microcystins (MCY). Anatoxin-a levels were higher than microcystin for both SPATT (mean MCY = 0.8 and ATX = 4.8 ng g resin-1 day-1) and cyanobacterial mat samples (mean MCY = 0.074 and ATX = 1.89 μg g-1 DW). Of the benthic mats sampled, 58.9% had detectable anatoxin-a (max = 70.93 μg g-1 DW), while 37.6% had detectable microcystins (max = 2.29 μg g-1 DW). SPATT cyanotoxin levels peaked in mid-summer in warm mainstem reaches of the watershed. This is one of the first documentations of widespread anatoxin-a occurrence in benthic cyanobacterial mats in a North American watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Bouma-Gregson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Raphael M. Kudela
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Power
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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23
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Crnkovic CM, May DS, Orjala J. The impact of culture conditions on growth and metabolomic profiles of freshwater cyanobacteria. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2018; 30:375-384. [PMID: 30294068 PMCID: PMC6171529 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-017-1275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cultured cyanobacteria produce secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities and are an important source of natural products. In the context of secondary metabolite discovery, microbial culture conditions are expected to support optimum growth, induce maximum chemical diversity, and be suitable for the majority of cyanobacterial strains. We investigated the effect of nitrate and phosphate on biomass production and metabolomic profiles of three filamentous freshwater cyanobacterial strains: cf. Oscillatoria sp. UIC 10045, Scytonema sp. UIC 10036, and Nostoc sp. UIC 10110. A standardized inoculation procedure allowed for the assessment of cell mass production. Dried cyanobacterial cell mass was extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS), followed by comparative metabolomics analysis using XCMS Online. Results showed that low nitrate media significantly reduced cell mass production for all three strains. Low nitrate also induced production of primary metabolites (heterocyst glycolipids) in strains UIC 10036 and UIC 10110. Changes in phosphate levels affected each strain differently. Strain UIC 10110 showed a significant increase in production of merocyclophane C when cultivated in low phosphate, while strain UIC 10036 displayed higher production of tolytoxin under high phosphate. Additionally, these experiments led to the identification of a potentially new peptide produced by strain UIC 10036.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila M. Crnkovic
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília - DF 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Daniel S. May
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jimmy Orjala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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24
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Fastner J, Beulker C, Geiser B, Hoffmann A, Kröger R, Teske K, Hoppe J, Mundhenk L, Neurath H, Sagebiel D, Chorus I. Fatal Neurotoxicosis in Dogs Associated with Tychoplanktic, Anatoxin-a Producing Tychonema sp. in Mesotrophic Lake Tegel, Berlin. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10020060. [PMID: 29385106 PMCID: PMC5848161 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In May 2017, at least 12 dogs showed signs of acute neurotoxicosis after swimming in or drinking from Lake Tegel, a mesotrophic lake in Berlin, Germany, and several of the affected dogs died shortly afterwards despite intensive veterinary treatment. Cyanobacterial blooms were not visible at the water surface or the shorelines. However, detached and floating water moss (Fontinalis antipyretica) with high amounts of Tychonema sp., a potential anatoxin-a (ATX) producing cyanobacterium, was found near the beaches where the dogs had been swimming and playing. Necropsies of two of the dogs revealed no specific lesions beside the anamnestic neurotoxicosis. ATX was detected in concentrations up to 8700 µg L−1 in the stomach contents, while other (neuro)toxic substances were not found. In the aqueous fraction of Fontinalis/Tychonema clumps sampled after the casualties, ATX was found in concentrations up to 1870 µg L−1. This is the first report of a dense population of Tychonema sp. in stands of Fontinalis resulting in high ATX contents. This case emphasizes the need for further investigation of potentially toxic, non-bloom forming cyanobacteria in less eutrophic water bodies and underlines the novel challenge of developing appropriate surveillance schemes for respective bathing sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Fastner
- German Environment Agency, Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Camilla Beulker
- Berlin Brandenburg State Laboratory Abt. IV, Invalidenstr. 60, 10557 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Anja Hoffmann
- Berlin Brandenburg State Laboratory Abt. IV, Invalidenstr. 60, 10557 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Roswitha Kröger
- State Office for Health & Social Affairs (LAGeSo), Working Group Water Hygiene & Environmental Health, Postfach 31-09-29, 10639 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kinga Teske
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Judith Hoppe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lars Mundhenk
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hartmud Neurath
- Toxicological Laboratory, Medical University Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Daniel Sagebiel
- State Office for Health & Social Affairs (LAGeSo), Working Group Water Hygiene & Environmental Health, Postfach 31-09-29, 10639 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ingrid Chorus
- German Environment Agency, Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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25
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McAllister TG, Wood SA, Atalah J, Hawes I. Spatiotemporal dynamics of Phormidium cover and anatoxin concentrations in eight New Zealand rivers with contrasting nutrient and flow regimes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:71-80. [PMID: 28846906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Toxic benthic cyanobacterial proliferations, particularly of the genus Phormidium, are a major concern in many countries due to their increasing extent and severity. The aim of this study was to improve the current understanding of the dominant physicochemical variables associated with high Phormidium cover and toxin concentrations. Phormidium cover and anatoxin concentrations were assessed weekly for 30weeks in eight predominately cobble-bed rivers in the South Island of New Zealand. Phormidium cover was highly variable both spatially (among and within sites) and temporally. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) identified site, month of the year, conductivity and nutrient concentrations over the accrual period as significant variables associated with Phormidium cover. Cover was greatest under low to intermediate accrual dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations. Accrual nutrients had a strong, negative effect on cover at concentrations>0.2mgL-1 DIN and 0.014mgL-1 DRP. The effect of flow was generally consistent across rivers, with cover accruing with time since the last flushing flow. Total anatoxins were detected at all eight study sites, at concentrations ranging from 0.008 to 662.5mgkg-1 dried weight. GAMMs predicted higher total anatoxin concentrations between November and February and during periods of accrual DRP<0.02mgL-1. This study suggests that multiple physicochemical variables may influence Phormidium proliferations and also evidenced large site-to-site variability. This result highlights a challenge from a management perspective, as it suggests that mitigation options are likely to be site-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara G McAllister
- Waterways Centre for Freshwater Management, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Susanna A Wood
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, New Zealand; Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Javier Atalah
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Ian Hawes
- Waterways Centre for Freshwater Management, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand; Coastal Marine Field Station, University of Waikato, 58 Cross Road, Tauranga, New Zealand
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26
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Qian ZY, Ma J, Sun CL, Li ZG, Xian QM, Gong TT, Xu B. Using stable isotope labeling to study the nitrogen metabolism in Anabaena flos-aquae growth and anatoxin biosynthesis. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 127:223-229. [PMID: 29055827 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater resources are under stress around the world due to rapid urbanization and excessive water consumption. Cyanobacterial blooms have occurred frequently in surface waters, which produced toxic secondary metabolites causing a potential harm to aquatic ecosystems and humans. In this study, the relationship between different types of nitrogen source and the algal growth of Anabaena flos-aquae, which was isolated from Dianchi Lake in southern China, was investigated. Experiments were accomplished by using four types of isotope tracers including 15N-ammonium chloride, 15N-sodium nitrate, 15N-urea, 15N-l-alanine in culture medium to characterize the biosynthesis of 15N-anatoxin-a (ATX-A), which is a major algal toxin from A. flos-aquae, through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results showed that all these four types of nitrogen can be incorporated into algal cells. The ATX-A production with urea as the nitrogen source was much higher than that with the other three types of nitrogen. The 15N labeling experiments further demonstrated that the uptake of organic nitrogen nutrients was significantly greater than that of inorganic nitrogen. These results provide new evidence and deeper insight to explore the biosynthesis of ATX-A in the specific strain of A. flos-aquae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Yao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Xinjiang 830091, PR China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chun-Lei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qi-Ming Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Ting-Ting Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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27
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Drzyzga D, Lipok J. Glyphosate dose modulates the uptake of inorganic phosphate by freshwater cyanobacteria. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2017; 30:299-309. [PMID: 29576687 PMCID: PMC5857279 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-017-1231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The usefulness of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] as a source of nutritive phosphorus for species of halophilic cyanobacteria has been postulated for years. Our results indicate a stimulating effect of glyphosate on the growth of four out of five examined freshwater species, Anabaena variabilis (CCALA 007), Chroococcus minutus (CCALA 055), Fischerella cf. maior (CCALA 067) and Nostoc cf. muscorum (CCALA 129), in a manner dependent on the applied concentration. The most significant stimulation was observed at a dose of 0.1 mM glyphosate. The decrease in the amount of phosphonate, which correlated with microbial growth, demonstrated that glyphosate may play an important role in cyanobacterial nourishment. Surprisingly, the consumption of organic phosphorus did not start when concentrations of inorganic phosphate (PO43-) had fallen dramatically; instead, the assimilation of both types of phosphorus occurred simultaneously. The greatest decrease in the amount of glyphosate was observed during the first week. The uptake of the standard nutrient-phosphate (PO43-), was strongly dependent on the xenobiotic concentration. When a concentration of 0.1 mM glyphosate was used, the consumption of phosphate decreased in favour of glyphosate assimilation. Our study revealed for the very first time that the presence of inorganic phosphate significantly enhances the bioavailability of glyphosate. Statistical analysis confirmed that the nutritive usage of glyphosate and the absorption of phosphate are features associated with the herbicide concentration rather than features related to the species of freshwater cyanobacterium. This finding supports the thesis of an important role of organic phosphorus in the formation of cyanobacterial blooms and creates the opportunity of using these cyanobacteria to bind both organic and inorganic forms of phosphorus in microalgal biomasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Drzyzga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Jacek Lipok
- Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
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28
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Kaestli M, Skillington A, Kennedy K, Majid M, Williams D, McGuinness K, Munksgaard N, Gibb K. Spatial and Temporal Microbial Patterns in a Tropical Macrotidal Estuary Subject to Urbanization. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1313. [PMID: 28751882 PMCID: PMC5507994 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Darwin Harbour in northern Australia is an estuary in the wet-dry tropics subject to increasing urbanization with localized water quality degradation due to increased nutrient loads from urban runoff and treated sewage effluent. Tropical estuaries are poorly studied compared to temperate systems and little is known about the microbial community-level response to nutrients. We aimed to examine the spatial and temporal patterns of the bacterial community and its association with abiotic factors. Since Darwin Harbour is macrotidal with strong seasonal patterns and mixing, we sought to determine if a human impact signal was discernible in the microbiota despite the strong hydrodynamic forces. Adopting a single impact–double reference design, we investigated the bacterial community using next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from water and sediment from reference creeks and creeks affected by effluent and urban runoff. Samples were collected over two years during neap and spring tides, in the dry and wet seasons. Temporal drivers, namely seasons and tides had the strongest relationship to the water microbiota, reflecting the macrotidal nature of the estuary and its location in the wet-dry tropics. The neap-tide water microbiota provided the clearest spatial resolution while the sediment microbiota reflected current and past water conditions. Differences in patterns of the microbiota between different parts of the harbor reflected the harbor's complex hydrodynamics and bathymetry. Despite these variations, a microbial signature was discernible relating to specific effluent sources and urban runoff, and the composite of nutrient levels accounted for the major part of the explained variation in the microbiota followed by salinity. Our results confirm an overall good water quality but they also reflect the extent of some hypereutrophic areas. Our results show that the microbiota is a sensitive indicator to assess ecosystem health even in this dynamic and complex ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Kaestli
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwin, NT, Australia
| | - Anna Skillington
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwin, NT, Australia
| | | | - Matthew Majid
- Aquatic Health Unit, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Northern Territory GovernmentDarwin, NT, Australia
| | - David Williams
- Australian Institute of Marine ScienceDarwin, NT, Australia
| | - Keith McGuinness
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwin, NT, Australia
| | - Niels Munksgaard
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwin, NT, Australia
| | - Karen Gibb
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwin, NT, Australia
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29
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Buratti FM, Manganelli M, Vichi S, Stefanelli M, Scardala S, Testai E, Funari E. Cyanotoxins: producing organisms, occurrence, toxicity, mechanism of action and human health toxicological risk evaluation. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:1049-1130. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Toporowska M, Pawlik-Skowrońska B, Kalinowska R. Mass Development of Diazotrophic Cyanobacteria ( Nostocales) and Production of Neurotoxic Anatoxin-a in a Planktothrix ( Oscillatoriales) Dominated Temperate Lake. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2016; 227:321. [PMID: 27546924 PMCID: PMC4980406 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-016-3004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In spite of extensive studies on multispecies toxigenic cyanobacterial blooms, they are still difficult to eliminate, and factors regulating their succession and toxin production remain still to discover. A 4-year study revealed periodical mass development of diazotrophic Nostocales such as Dolichospermum spp. (previously Anabaena), Aphanizomenon gracile and expansive Cuspidothrix (previously Aphanizomenon) issatschenkoi in a lake affected by perennial blooms of Planktothrix agardhii (Oscillatoriales). Compared to Oscillatoriales, Nostocales reached the highest total biomass (up to 16 mg L-1) and contributed nearly 33-85 % to the total biomass of filamentous cyanobacteria at higher water temperatures (average values 17.5-22.6 °C) and higher ratio (11.8-14.1) of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIN/DIP). Species structure of Nostocales changed considerably from year to year as indicated by the Jaccard similarity index (0.33-0.78). Concentrations of intracellular anatoxin-a (ANTX) ranged from 0.03 to 2.19 μg L-1 of the lake water, whilst extracellular toxin reached up to 0.55 μg L-1. The highest positive correlations were found between the intracellular ANTX and the biomass of Dolichospermum spp. (R2 = 0.73) and C. issatschenkoi (R2 = 0.43-0.65). Our study suggests that ANTX production by Dolichospermum depended mainly on water temperature, whereas that by C. issatschenkoi was related to water conductivity and DIN/DIP ratio. P-PO4 concentrations also seemed to be important. The relatively short-term mass development of neurotoxic Nostocales is an additional threat to shallow, highly eutrophic water bodies continuously affected by Oscillatoriales blooms and may be controlled mainly by the DIN/DIP ratio. ANTX should be considered as a pollutant of freshwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Toporowska
- Department of Hydrobiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Pawlik-Skowrońska
- Department of Hydrobiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Kalinowska
- Centre for Ecological Research, P.A.S., Experimental Station, Niecała 18, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
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31
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McAllister TG, Wood SA, Hawes I. The rise of toxic benthic Phormidium proliferations: A review of their taxonomy, distribution, toxin content and factors regulating prevalence and increased severity. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 55:282-294. [PMID: 28073542 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
There has been a marked increase in the distribution, intensity and frequency of proliferations of some species of the benthic mat-forming, toxin-producing genus Phormidium in rivers globally over the last decade. This review summarises current knowledge on their taxonomy, distribution, toxin content, environmental drivers of proliferations, and monitoring and management strategies in New Zealand. Although toxic Phormidium proliferation occurs in rivers worldwide little is known about these factors in most countries. Proliferations, defined as >20% cover of a riverbed, have been identified in 103 rivers across New Zealand. Morphological and molecular data indicate the main species responsible is Phormidium autumnale. In New Zealand Phormidium produces anatoxins (anatoxin-a, homoanatoxin-a, dihydroanatoxin-a, and dihydrohomoanatoxin-a) and these were detected in 67% of 771 samples from 40 rivers. The highest concentration measured was 712mgkg-1 dried weight (Oreti River, Southland), with considerable spatial and temporal variability in anatoxin concentrations between and within rivers. A synthesis of field based studies suggests that Phormidium proliferations are most likely when there is some enrichment of dissolved inorganic nitrogen but when water-column dissolved reactive phosphorus is less than 0.01mgL-1. Once established Phormidium-dominated mats trap sediment and internal mat biogeochemistry can mobilise sediment-bound phosphorus, which is then available for growth. Removal of Phormidium-dominated mats is primarily due to shear stress and substrate disturbance, although there is also evidence for autogenic detachment. A combination of factors including; changes to riparian margins, increased nitrate and fine sediment loads, and alterations in flow regimes are likely to have contributed to the rise in Phormidium proliferations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara G McAllister
- Waterways Centre for Freshwater Management, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Susanna A Wood
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand; Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ian Hawes
- Waterways Centre for Freshwater Management, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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