1
|
Gavrilova NS, Gavrilov LA. Protective Effects of Familial Longevity Decrease With Age and Become Negligible for Centenarians. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:736-743. [PMID: 34929024 PMCID: PMC8974328 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that biological relatives of long-lived individuals demonstrate lower mortality and longer life span compared to relatives of shorter-lived individuals, and at least part of this advantage is likely to be genetic. Less information, however, is available about effects of familial longevity on age-specific mortality trajectories. We compared mortality patterns after age 50 years for 10 045 siblings of US centenarians and 12 308 siblings of shorter-lived individuals (died at age 65 years). Similar comparisons were made for sons and daughters of longer-lived parents (both parents lived 80 years and more) and shorter-lived parents (both parents lived less than 80 years) within each group of siblings. Although relatives of longer-lived individuals have lower mortality at younger ages compared to relatives of shorter-lived individuals, this mortality advantage practically disappears by age 100 years. To validate this observation further, we analyzed the survival of 3 408 US centenarians born in 1890-1897 with known information on maternal and paternal life span. We found using the Cox proportional hazards model that both maternal and paternal longevity (life span 80+ years) is not significantly associated with survival after age 100 years. The results are compatible with the predictions of reliability theory of aging suggesting higher initial levels of system redundancy (reserves) in individuals with protective familial/genetic background and hence lower initial mortality. Heterogeneity hypothesis is another possible explanation for the observed phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Gavrilova
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid A Gavrilov
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tantray JA, Reddy KP, Jamil K, Lone WG, Yerra SK. Genetic and Epigenetic Factors of E3/E3 Genotypes of APO-E Gene as a Strong Predictor for the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease Patients of South India. CURR PROTEOMICS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164616666190724095158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The role of Apolipoprotein-E (APO-E) in lipid metabolism and cholesterol
transport is a key component of lipid metabolism which plays a role in diseases like hypercholesterolemia,
diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the genotypes, allelic
frequencies, gene expression and methylation related to apolipoprotein E polymorphism in Coronary Artery
Disease (CAD) patients and compare with non-CAD healthy subjects of South Indian population.
Methods:
The APO-E alleles and genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP. Gene expression profiles
for E3/E3 genotypes were determined using RT-PCR and methylation status was determined using
Methyl Specific PCR assay in one hundred patients and an equal number of controls.
Results:
Four APO-E genotypes (E4/E4, E3/E3, E3/E4, and E2/E3) were identified with different allele
frequency. Among these, E3/E3 genotype and E3 allele were found to be significantly higher in
cases than controls. The present study showed that the mRNA expression of APO-E was up-regulated
in CAD patients with E3/E3 genotype in comparison with controls. Methylation status indicated a significant
association of E3/E3 genotypes with the disease.
Conclusion:
Different populations studied worldwide showed inherent variable frequencies of the
APO-E alleles and genotypes, with the most frequent allele being E3. In this study, the APO-E genotypes
E2/E3/E4 showed variable response to CAD, further, there was a significant association of E3/E3
genotypes to CAD risk; this genotype can be suggested for the diagnosis of CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaiser Jamil
- Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, 10-1-1, Mahavir Marg, Hyderabad-500004, Telangana, India
| | - Waseem Gul Lone
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Shiva Kumar Yerra
- Department of Cardiology, Mahavir Hospital and Research Centre Hyderabad (Telangana), India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choi CK, Kweon SS, Lee YH, Nam HS, Park KS, Ryu SY, Choi SW, Kim HY, Shin MH. The Association between the Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and All-cause Mortality in the Korean Population. J Korean Med Sci 2019; 34:e269. [PMID: 31625294 PMCID: PMC6801224 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphism is associated with neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Although the effects of the gene differ by ethnic group, few studies have examined Asians. Therefore, the association between APOE polymorphism and mortality in Koreans was evaluated in this study. METHODS This study population included participants from the Dong-gu and Namwon Studies. APOE genotypes were categorized as E2 (E2/E2 and E2/E3), E3 (E3/E3), and E4 (E3/E4 and E4/E4). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were constructed using the E3 allele as a reference. RESULTS In the model adjusting for study site, age, gender, and lifestyle, the hazard ratio (HR) of mortality for those with the E4 allele was 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-1.20), while that for those with the E2 allele was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.74-0.96). After adjusting for blood lipids to evaluate their mediating effects, the HRs of mortality for those with E4 and E2 alleles were 1.08 (95% CI, 0.97-1.20) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.70-0.92), respectively. These associations were more evident in younger groups, with HRs of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.52-0.92) for the E2 allele and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.03-1.53) for the E4 allele. CONCLUSION In two large population-based cohort studies, the E2 allele was associated with a lower risk of mortality compared with the E3 allele, whereas the E4 genotype was not associated with mortality in Koreans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Kyun Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Sun Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hae Sung Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Soo Park
- Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Mokpo Jung-Ang Hospital, Mokpo, Korea
| | - So Yeon Ryu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong Woo Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Kim
- Gwangju-Jeonnam Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dankner R, Ben Avraham S, Harats D, Chetrit A. ApoE Genotype, Lipid Profile, Exercise, and the Associations With Cardiovascular Morbidity and 18-Year Mortality. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 75:1887-1893. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundStudies of longevity examined apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a gene involved in lipoprotein metabolism, which interacts with susceptibility to age-related diseases, and with mortality. We evaluated the association of ApoE isoforms with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality.MethodsA prospective cohort of 949 survivors of the Israel Study of Glucose Intolerance, Obesity, and Hypertension, examined during 1999–2004, mean age 72 years, was followed for mortality until 2017. Participants were interviewed for lifestyle habits and medical history. Anthropometrics and biochemical markers were taken. Logistic regression was used to assess CVD morbidity and Cox proportional hazard model for mortality.ResultsThe most common genotype in the cohort was ApoE E3 (76.3%), with the other two almost equally distributed (ApoE E2 11.2% and ApoE E4 12.5%). In men only, ApoE E4 associated with CVD (adjusted odds ratio = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76, 2.80) and with 18-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.47, 95% CI 0.95, 2.26), adjusting for age, ethnicity, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides and lipid-lowering medications. Low levels of HDL cholesterol, adjusted for ApoE and the above-mentioned variables, associated with higher prevalence of CVD (adjusted odds ratio = 1.35, 95% CI 1.00, 1.83) and all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.42, 95% CI 1.14, 1.78). ApoE E3 and E2 conferred a lower 18-year mortality risk in the physically active individuals, compared to the sedentary (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.57, 95% CI 0.44, 0.74, and adjusted hazard ratio = 0.53, 95% CI 0.78, 1.02, respectively).ConclusionsIn community-dwelling older adults, sociodemographic characteristics and physical activity, blood pressure and HDL-cholesterol levels, may outweigh the impact of ApoE polymorphisms on CVD morbidity and all-cause mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Dankner
- Unit for Cardiovascular Epidemiology, The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sivan Ben Avraham
- Unit for Cardiovascular Epidemiology, The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dror Harats
- Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Angela Chetrit
- Unit for Cardiovascular Epidemiology, The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xia X, Jiang Q, McDermott J, Han JDJ. Aging and Alzheimer's disease: Comparison and associations from molecular to system level. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12802. [PMID: 29963744 PMCID: PMC6156542 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent cause of dementia, which is defined by the combined presence of amyloid and tau, but researchers are gradually moving away from the simple assumption of linear causality proposed by the original amyloid hypothesis. Aging is the main risk factor for Alzheimer's disease that cannot be explained by amyloid hypothesis. To evaluate how aging and Alzheimer's disease are intrinsically interwoven with each other, we review and summarize evidence from molecular, cellular, and system level. In particular, we focus on study designs, treatments, or interventions in Alzheimer's disease that could also be insightful in aging and vice versa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Shanghai China
| | - Quanlong Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Shanghai China
| | - Joseph McDermott
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Shanghai China
| | - Jing-Dong J. Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Influence of Education and Apolipoprotein ε4 on Mortality in Community-Dwelling Elderly Men and Women. J Aging Res 2018; 2018:6037058. [PMID: 29770230 PMCID: PMC5889858 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6037058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the risk of death in relation to the apolipoprotein ε4 allele and evaluated how it interacts with education in 504 elderly adults (mean age 73 years, 65.3% women) who were enrolled in 1993 into the New Mexico Aging Process Study. During 9 years of follow-up, apolipoprotein ε2 appeared to be associated with a lower risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30-1.71) compared to apolipoprotein ε3 carriers in models adjusted for age, sociodemographic variables, medical conditions, adiposity, and lifestyle factors. The apolipoprotein ε4 allele conferred almost a threefold elevated risk of mortality (HR = 2.76, CI: 1.42-5.37). An interaction between education and apolipoprotein e4 (p=0.027) was observed with the HR of mortality among e4 carriers compared to noncarriers being 1.59 (0.64-3.96) for those with ≥college education; 6.66 (1.90-23.4) for those with some college or trade; and 14.1 (3.03-65.6) for participants with ≤high school education. No significant interaction was identified between apolipoprotein E genotype and cognitive function for mortality risk. These findings suggest that genetic (apolipoprotein ε4) and environmental (education) factors act interactively to influences survival in the elderly with higher education attenuating the adverse effect of apolipoprotein ε4 on mortality.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Systems biology is an approach to collect high-dimensional data and analyze in an integrated manner. As aging is a complicated physiological functional decline in biological system, the methods in systems biology could be utilized in aging studies. Here we reviewed recent advances in systems biology in aging research and divide them into two major parts. One is the data resource, which includes omics data from DNA, RNA, proteins, epigenetic changes, metabolisms, and recently single-cell-level variations. The other is the data analysis methods consisting of network and modeling approaches. With all the data and the tools to analyze them, we could further promote our understanding of the systematic aging.
Collapse
|
8
|
Is intraindividual reaction time variability an independent cognitive predictor of mortality in old age? Findings from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181719. [PMID: 28792946 PMCID: PMC5549897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraindividual variability of reaction time (IIVRT), a proposed cognitive marker of neurobiological disturbance, increases in old age, and has been associated with dementia and mortality. The extent to which IIVRT is an independent predictor of mortality, however, is unclear. This study investigated the association of IIVRT and all-cause mortality while accounting for cognitive level, incident dementia and biomedical risk factors in 861 participants aged 70–90 from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. Participants completed two computerised reaction time (RT) tasks (76 trials in total) at baseline, and comprehensive medical and neuropsychological assessments every 2 years. Composite RT measures were derived from the two tasks—the mean RT and the IIVRT measure computed from the intraindividual standard deviation of the RTs (with age and time-on-task effects partialled out). Consensus dementia diagnoses were made by an expert panel of clinicians using clinical criteria, and mortality data were obtained from a state registry. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the association of IIVRT and mean RT with survival time over 8 years during which 191 (22.2%) participants died. Greater IIVRT but not mean RT significantly predicted survival time after adjusting for age, sex, global cognition score, cardiovascular risk index and apolipoprotein ɛ4 status. After excluding incident dementia cases, the association of IIVRT with mortality changed very little. Our findings suggest that greater IIVRT uniquely predicts shorter time to death and that lower global cognition and prodromal dementia in older individuals do not explain this relationship.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pasqualetti G, Seghieri M, Santini E, Rossi C, Vitolo E, Giannini L, Malatesta MG, Calsolaro V, Monzani F, Solini A. P2X 7 Receptor and APOE Polymorphisms and Survival from Heart Failure: A Prospective Study in Frail Patients in a Geriatric Unit. Aging Dis 2017; 8:434-441. [PMID: 28840058 PMCID: PMC5524806 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the most frequent cause of hospitalization in elderly and often coexists with concurrent geriatric syndromes, like cognitive disturbances; various pathophysiological mechanisms are shared by HF and cognitive decline, notably a substrate of low-grade inflammation. We investigated whether SNPs in the purinergic receptor (P2X7R) and apolipoprotein (APO) E genes, both involved in a series of inflammatory responses, are associated to HF or cognitive impairment and are able to predict post-discharge mortality in the elderly. We prospectively analyzed 198 patients (age 85 ± 8 years, predominantly females) admitted to a Geriatric unit for acute HF, whose diagnosis was based on clinical signs, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) values and ecocardiography in uncertain diagnosis (BNP values between 100 and 400 pg/mL); cognitive performance was assesed by Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). In all the participants, SNPs rs208294 and rs3751143 for P2X7R gene and rs429558 and rs7412 for APOE gene were assessed. Information on all-cause mortality was adjudicated by medical records review 36 months after discharge. We found no relationship between P2X7R and APOE polymorphisms and 36-month post-discharge mortality; a better outcome for overall survival was observed in patients with BNP values below the median (281 pg/mL) (p=0.002) persisting after adjustment for renal function and age, and in those with cognitive impairment (p<0.001). Patients harboring APOE-ε4 genotype showed higher BNP concentrations than noncarriers (1289.9 ± 226.9 vs 580.5 ± 90.2 pg/mL respectively,p=0.004), whereas none of the studied SNPs were associated to impairment in cognitive performance. In conclusion, neither P2X7R or APOE genotype seem to predict long-term mortality in elderly patients. Interestingly, APOE-ε4 genotype was associated to higher BNP values, suggesting a putative interaction between genetic and biochemical markers in identifying people at risk for HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pasqualetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Seghieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Santini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vitolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Livia Giannini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Calsolaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Monzani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Solini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen LJ, Steptoe A, Ku PW. Obesity, Apolipoprotein E ε4, and Difficulties in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Adults: a 6-Year Follow-up Study. Ann Behav Med 2016; 51:251-260. [PMID: 27738971 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-016-9848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been associated with increased physical limitations among older adults, although few studies have adjusted for important covariates. There is limited information about the relationship between apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms and physical limitations, and the findings have been inconsistent. PURPOSE This study examined the longitudinal associations of obesity and APOE ε4 with difficulties in activities of daily living (ADLs) over a 6-year follow-up period controlling for multiple covariates. METHODS Data were analyzed from the Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study (SEBAS) in Taiwan collected in 2000 and 2006, involving a cohort of 639 participants (mean age = 66). Body mass index (BMI) was used to define obesity at a baseline, and the APOE genotype was classified into an APOE ε4 carrier and non-carrier status. The combination of basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs and IADLs) was used to define impaired ADLs. RESULTS APOE ε4 carriers had greater difficulties in combined ADLs (incident rate ratio; IRR = 1.87, 95 % CI = 1.40-2.51) than non-carriers. Obese but not overweight adults had greater difficulties in activities of daily living (IRR = 1.59, 95 % CI = 1.20-2.10) compared with the normal/underweight group. Obese older adults without APOE ε4 had greater subsequent difficulties in ADLs than non-obese non-carriers. Among APOE ε4 carriers, obesity was not a significant risk factor for the development of impaired ADLs in older adults, indicating an interaction between genotype and obesity. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between genotype and obesity phenotype adds new information about the determinants of physical impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jung Chen
- Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Po-Wen Ku
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK. .,Graduate Institute of Sports and Health, National Changhua University of Education, No.1, Jinde Rd, Changhua City, 500, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Scarabino D, Scacchi R, Pinto A, Corbo RM. Genetic Basis of the Relationship Between Reproduction and Longevity: A Study on Common Variants of Three Genes in Steroid Hormone Metabolism—CYP17, HSD17B1, and COMT. Rejuvenation Res 2015; 18:464-72. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Scarabino
- CNR Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Scacchi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pinto
- Experimental Medicine Department, Food Science and Human Nutrition Research Unit, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Corbo
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Burke MK, King EG, Shahrestani P, Rose MR, Long AD. Genome-wide association study of extreme longevity in Drosophila melanogaster. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6:1-11. [PMID: 24259311 PMCID: PMC3914684 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evt180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of longevity attempt to identify alleles at different frequencies in the extremely old, relative to a younger control sample. Here, we apply a GWAS approach to “synthetic” populations of Drosophila melanogaster derived from a small number of inbred founders. We used next-generation DNA sequencing to estimate allele and haplotype frequencies in the oldest surviving individuals of an age cohort and compared these frequencies with those of randomly sampled individuals from the same cohort. We used this case–control strategy in four independent cohorts and identified eight significantly differentiated regions of the genome potentially harboring genes with relevance for longevity. By modeling the effects of local haplotypes, we have more power to detect regions enriched for longevity genes than marker-based GWAS. Most significant regions occur near chromosome ends or centromeres where recombination is infrequent, consistent with these regions harboring unconditionally deleterious alleles impacting longevity. Genes in regions of normal recombination are enriched for those relevant to immune function and a gene family involved in oxidative stress response. Genetic differentiation between our experimental cohorts is comparable to that between human populations, suggesting in turn that our results may help explain heterogeneous signals in human association studies of extreme longevity when panels have diverse ancestry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly K Burke
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gale SC, Gao L, Mikacenic C, Coyle SM, Rafaels N, Murray Dudenkov T, Madenspacher JH, Draper DW, Ge W, Aloor JJ, Azzam KM, Lai L, Blackshear PJ, Calvano SE, Barnes KC, Lowry SF, Corbett S, Wurfel MM, Fessler MB. APOε4 is associated with enhanced in vivo innate immune responses in human subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:127-34. [PMID: 24655576 PMCID: PMC4125509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic determinants of the human innate immune response are poorly understood. Apolipoprotein (Apo) E, a lipid-trafficking protein that affects inflammation, has well-described wild-type (ε3) and disease-associated (ε2 and ε4) alleles, but its connection to human innate immunity is undefined. OBJECTIVE We sought to define the relationship of APOε4 to the human innate immune response. METHODS We evaluated APOε4 in several functional models of the human innate immune response, including intravenous LPS challenge in human subjects, and assessed APOε4 association to organ injury in patients with severe sepsis, a disease driven by dysregulated innate immunity. RESULTS Whole blood from healthy APOε3/APOε4 volunteers induced higher cytokine levels on ex vivo stimulation with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, or TLR5 ligands than blood from APOε3/APOε3 patients, whereas TLR7/8 responses were similar. This was associated with increased lipid rafts in APOε3/APOε4 monocytes. By contrast, APOε3/APOε3 and APOε3/APOε4 serum neutralized LPS equivalently and supported similar LPS responses in Apoe-deficient macrophages, arguing against a differential role for secretory APOE4 protein. After intravenous LPS, APOε3/APOε4 patients had higher hyperthermia and plasma TNF-α levels and earlier plasma IL-6 than APOε3/APOε3 patients. APOE4-targeted replacement mice displayed enhanced hypothermia, plasma cytokines, and hepatic injury and altered splenic lymphocyte apoptosis after systemic LPS compared with APOE3 counterparts. In a cohort of 828 patients with severe sepsis, APOε4 was associated with increased coagulation system failure among European American patients. CONCLUSIONS APOε4 is a determinant of the human innate immune response to multiple TLR ligands and associates with altered patterns of organ injury in human sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Gale
- Department of Surgery, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | | | - Susette M Coyle
- Department of Surgery, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | | | - Jennifer H Madenspacher
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - David W Draper
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - William Ge
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Jim J Aloor
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Kathleen M Azzam
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Lihua Lai
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Steven E Calvano
- Department of Surgery, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | - Stephen F Lowry
- Department of Surgery, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Siobhan Corbett
- Department of Surgery, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Mark M Wurfel
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nygaard M, Lindahl-Jacobsen R, Soerensen M, Mengel-From J, Andersen-Ranberg K, Jeune B, Vaupel JW, Tan Q, Christiansen L, Christensen K. Birth cohort differences in the prevalence of longevity-associated variants in APOE and FOXO3A in Danish long-lived individuals. Exp Gerontol 2014; 57:41-6. [PMID: 24809632 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene variants found to associate with human longevity in one population rarely replicate in other populations. The lack of consistent findings may partly be explained by genetic heterogeneity among long-lived individuals due to cohort differences in survival probability. In most high-income countries the probability of reaching e.g. 100years increases by 50-100% per decade, i.e. there is far less selection in more recent cohorts. Here we investigate the cohort specificity of variants in the APOE and FOXO3A genes by comparing the frequencies of the APOE ε4 allele and the minor alleles of two variants in FOXO3A at age 95+ and 100+ in 2712 individuals from the genetically homogeneous Danish birth cohorts 1895-96, 1905, 1910-11, and 1915. Generally, we find a decrease in the allele frequencies of the investigated APOE and FOXO3A variants in individuals from more recent birth cohorts. Assuming a recessive model, this negative trend is significant in 95+ year old individuals homozygous for the APOE ε4 allele (P=0.026) or for the FOXO3A rs7762395 minor allele (P=0.048). For the APOE ε4 allele, the significance is further strengthened when restricting to women (P=0.006). Supportive, but non-significant, trends are found for two of the three tested variants in individuals older than 100years. Altogether, this indicates that cohort differences in selection pressure on survival to the highest ages are reflected in the prevalence of longevity gene variants. Although the effect seems to be moderate, our findings could have an impact on genetic studies of human longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Mette Soerensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Karen Andersen-Ranberg
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Bernard Jeune
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - James W Vaupel
- The Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; The Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Qihua Tan
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The obesity paradox: understanding the effect of obesity on mortality among individuals with cardiovascular disease. Prev Med 2014; 62:96-102. [PMID: 24525165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss possible explanations for the obesity paradox and explore whether the paradox can be attributed to a form of selection bias known as collider stratification bias. METHOD The paper is divided into three parts. First, possible explanations for the obesity paradox are reviewed. Second, a simulated example is provided to describe collider stratification bias and how it could generate the obesity paradox. Finally, an example is provided using data from 17,636 participants in the US National and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Generalized linear models were fit to assess the effect of obesity on mortality both in the general population and among individuals with diagnosed cardiovascular disease (CVD). Additionally, results from a bias analysis are presented. RESULTS In the general population, the adjusted risk ratio relating obesity and all-cause mortality was 1.24 (95% CI 1.11, 1.39). Adjusted risk ratios comparing obese and non-obese among individuals with and without CVD were 0.79 (95% CI 0.68, 0.91) and 1.30 (95% CI=1.12, 1.50), indicating that obesity has a protective association among individuals with CVD. CONCLUSION Results demonstrate that collider stratification bias is one plausible explanation for the obesity paradox. After conditioning on CVD status in the design or analysis, obesity can appear protective among individuals with CVD.
Collapse
|
16
|
Beydoun MA, Beydoun HA, Kaufman JS, An Y, Resnick SM, O'Brien R, Ferrucci L, Zonderman AB. Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele interacts with sex and cognitive status to influence all-cause and cause-specific mortality in U.S. older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013; 61:525-34. [PMID: 23581910 PMCID: PMC3628727 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To confirm associations of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 carrier status, sex, and time-dependent cognitive status with mortality risk and to investigate these joint effects of these associations in a cohort of community-dwelling U.S. adults. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). PARTICIPANTS Of 3,047 BLSA participants aged 17 to 98 at first visit (60.1% male), 1,704 with complete ApoE genotype data were included, of whom 1,461 aged 50 and older with one or more visits were eligible. MEASUREMENTS Time to death from all, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular causes. RESULTS Probability of survival was lower for ApoE ε4 carriers, particularly those who were older. A Cox proportional hazards model for all-cause mortality yielded a hazard ratio (HR) for ApoE ε4 carrier versus noncarriers of 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.68). This association was also found for cardiovascular mortality. Time-dependent all-cause dementia (HR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.33-2.26) and mild cognitive impairment (HR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.42-2.67) increased all-cause mortality risk, associations that were also detected for noncardiovascular mortality. When individuals were free of cognitive impairment, a dose-response relationship with ε4 alleles was found for all-cause mortality (HR = 1.40, 95% CI = 0.94-2.07 for 1 ε4; HR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.12-6.07 for 2 ε4). After onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), carrying only one ε4 allele resulted in an approximately 77% greater all-cause mortality risk than in noncarriers. ApoE ε4 carrier status increased all-cause mortality risk in men and interacted with time-dependent AD to increase the risk of this outcome (relative excess risk due to interaction = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.22-3.07). CONCLUSION ApoE ε4 carrier status was found to increase all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risks and interacted with sex and time-dependent AD status to affect all-cause mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vasunilashorn S, Glei DA, Lin YH, Goldman N. Apolipoprotein E and measured physical and pulmonary function in older Taiwanese adults. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2013; 59:57-67. [PMID: 23701536 PMCID: PMC3704952 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2013.778703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene, which has three common alleles (ϵ2, ϵ3, and ϵ4), has been linked to a number of health outcomes and longevity. The ϵ2 allele has been reported to have neuroprotective effects, whereas the ϵ4 allele has been shown to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease in various populations. The relationships between ApoE and mortality and ApoE and physical function, however, are not clear-cut. We used the Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study (SEBAS) to examine the relationship between ApoE polymorphisms and physical and pulmonary function in approximately 1,000 Taiwanese adults aged 53 years and older in 2006. In the 2006 SEBAS wave, measures of physical function included self-reported difficulties with respect to activities of daily living (ADLs) and other physical function indicators, as well as performance-based measures of grip strength (kg), walking speed (m/s) over a distance of 3 m, and chair stand speed (stand/s). Peak expiratory flow (PEF; L/min) rate was also examined as an indicator of pulmonary function. We used logistic regression models to determine the association between ApoE and inability to complete each of the tests of physical and pulmonary function. These models revealed no significant association between ApoE carrier status and any of the indicators of function. Among participants able to complete a given task, we next used linear regression models to examine self-reported limitations with ADLs and performance on the given test by ApoE carrier status. Similarly, there were no significant relationships between ApoE carrier status and the measures of function. Our estimates provide further confirmation that the ApoE gene may not be a risk factor for functional decline among older Taiwanese adults.
Collapse
|
18
|
Schupf N, Barral S, Perls T, Newman A, Christensen K, Thyagarajan B, Province M, Rossi WK, Mayeux R. Apolipoprotein E and familial longevity. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 34:1287-91. [PMID: 23040522 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exceptional longevity is associated with substantial heritability. The ε4 allele in apolipoprotein E and the linked G allele in rs2075650 of TOMM40 have been associated with increased mortality and the ε2 allele with decreased mortality, although inconsistently. Offspring from long-lived families and spouse controls were recruited at 3 sites in the United States and Denmark. We used generalized estimating equations to compare the likelihood of carrying risk alleles in offspring (n = 2307) and spouse controls (n = 764), adjusting for age, sex, level of education, and family membership. The likelihood of carrying an APOE ε4 allele or a G allele in rs2075650 was lower (odds ratio [OR], 0.75; p = 0.005 and OR, 0.70; p = 0.002) and the likelihood of carrying an APOE ε2 allele was higher (OR, 1.5; p = 0.007) among family members in the offspring generation than among their spouse controls. Our findings support the hypothesis that both reduction in the frequency of the ε4 allele and increase in the frequency of the ε2 allele contribute to longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schupf
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Walter S, Mackenbach J, Vokó Z, Lhachimi S, Ikram MA, Uitterlinden AG, Newman AB, Murabito JM, Garcia ME, Gudnason V, Tanaka T, Tranah GJ, Wallaschofski H, Kocher T, Launer LJ, Franceschini N, Schipper M, Hofman A, Tiemeier H. Genetic, physiological, and lifestyle predictors of mortality in the general population. Am J Public Health 2012; 102:e3-10. [PMID: 22397355 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2011.300596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the quality of 162 variables, focusing on the contribution of genetic markers, used solely or in combination with other characteristics, when predicting mortality. METHODS In 5974 participants from the Rotterdam Study, followed for a median of 15.1 years, 7 groups of factors including age and gender, genetics, socioeconomics, lifestyle, physiological characteristics, prevalent diseases, and indicators of general health were related to all-cause mortality. Genetic variables were identified from 8 genome-wide association scans (n = 19,033) and literature review. RESULTS We observed 3174 deaths during follow-up. The fully adjusted model (C-statistic for 15-year follow-up [C15y] = 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.79, 0.81) predicted mortality well [corrected]. Most of the additional information apart from age and sex stemmed from physiological markers, prevalent diseases, and general health. Socioeconomic factors and lifestyle contributed meaningfully to mortality risk prediction with longer prediction horizon. Although specific genetic factors were independently associated with mortality, jointly they contributed little to mortality prediction (C(15y) = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.55, 0.57). CONCLUSIONS Mortality can be predicted reasonably well over a long period. Genetic factors independently predict mortality, but only modestly more than other risk indicators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Walter
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vasunilashorn S, Glei DA, Lan CY, Brookmeyer R, Weinstein M, Goldman N. Apolipoprotein E is associated with blood lipids and inflammation in Taiwanese older adults. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:349-54. [PMID: 21840004 PMCID: PMC3225086 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE) have been associated with health and longevity. Numerous studies have linked ApoE to health outcomes including cardiovascular disease and mortality, but far fewer studies have examined the relationship of ApoE to other biological markers of health. This study investigates the relationship between ApoE and mortality, as well as ApoE and a set of biomarkers related to cardiovascular and immune function, in a population-based sample of Taiwanese adults ages 54+. ApoE £2 carriers were less likely to have at-risk levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and total cholesterol (total-C) than non-carriers (odds ratio [OR] 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25-0.83 and OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.29-0.71, respectively). ApoE £4 carriers were less likely to have elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) than non-carriers (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39-0.96). ApoE genotype was not, however, associated with mortality after 8 years of follow-up. Our findings confirm the association between ApoE £2and cholesterol levels, suggesting a potential protective effect of ApoE £2 on blood lipids. They also contribute to reports on the relationship between ApoE £4 carrier status and lower CRP levels.
Collapse
|
21
|
Walter S, Atzmon G, Demerath EW, Garcia ME, Kaplan RC, Kumari M, Lunetta KL, Milaneschi Y, Tanaka T, Tranah GJ, Völker U, Yu L, Arnold A, Benjamin EJ, Biffar R, Buchman AS, Boerwinkle E, Couper D, De Jager PL, Evans DA, Harris TB, Hoffmann W, Hofman A, Karasik D, Kiel DP, Kocher T, Kuningas M, Launer LJ, Lohman KK, Lutsey PL, Mackenbach J, Marciante K, Psaty BM, Reiman EM, Rotter JI, Seshadri S, Shardell MD, Smith AV, van Duijn C, Walston J, Zillikens MC, Bandinelli S, Baumeister SE, Bennett DA, Ferrucci L, Gudnason V, Kivimaki M, Liu Y, Murabito JM, Newman AB, Tiemeier H, Franceschini N. A genome-wide association study of aging. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 32:2109.e15-28. [PMID: 21782286 PMCID: PMC3193030 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human longevity and healthy aging show moderate heritability (20%-50%). We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies from 9 studies from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium for 2 outcomes: (1) all-cause mortality, and (2) survival free of major disease or death. No single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was a genome-wide significant predictor of either outcome (p < 5 × 10(-8)). We found 14 independent SNPs that predicted risk of death, and 8 SNPs that predicted event-free survival (p < 10(-5)). These SNPs are in or near genes that are highly expressed in the brain (HECW2, HIP1, BIN2, GRIA1), genes involved in neural development and function (KCNQ4, LMO4, GRIA1, NETO1) and autophagy (ATG4C), and genes that are associated with risk of various diseases including cancer and Alzheimer's disease. In addition to considerable overlap between the traits, pathway and network analysis corroborated these findings. These findings indicate that variation in genes involved in neurological processes may be an important factor in regulating aging free of major disease and achieving longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Walter
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Institute for Aging Research and the Diabetes Research Center. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetic Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Ellen W. Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Melissa E. Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Alice Arnold
- Department of Biostatistics, Unversity of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Emelia J. Benjamin
- Sections of General Internal Medicine, Preventive Medicine, Cardiology and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America
| | - Reiner Biffar
- Dental School, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Aron S. Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David Couper
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Denis A. Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- Institute of Community Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Center for Integrated Dementia Care Research (CIDC), a scientific cooperation between the Universities and University Hospitals of Rostock and Greifswald and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Karasik
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Dental School, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maris Kuningas
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lenore J. Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Kurt K. Lohman
- Center for Human Genomics, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Pamela L. Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Johan Mackenbach
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristin Marciante
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States of America
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States of America
- Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Eric M. Reiman
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Sections of General Internal Medicine, Preventive Medicine, Cardiology and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America
| | - Michelle D. Shardell
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, MD, United States of America
| | | | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - M. Carola Zillikens
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | | | - Sebastian E. Baumeister
- Institute of Community Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | | | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Center for Human Genomics, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- Sections of General Internal Medicine, Preventive Medicine, Cardiology and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America
| | - Anne B. Newman
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Seripa D, D'Onofrio G, Panza F, Cascavilla L, Masullo C, Pilotto A. The Genetics of the Human APOE Polymorphism. Rejuvenation Res 2011; 14:491-500. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2011.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Seripa
- Geriatric Unit & Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Grazia D'Onofrio
- Geriatric Unit & Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- Geriatric Unit & Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Leandro Cascavilla
- Geriatric Unit & Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Pilotto
- Geriatric Unit & Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
- Geriatrics Unit, S. Antonio Hospital, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Terra N, Moriguchi Y, Bittencourt L, Trois RS, Piccoli JEC, Cruz IBM. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in elderly Japanese-Brazilian immigrants does not explain the reduced cardiovascular risk factor incidence. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:1975-85. [PMID: 21948760 DOI: 10.4238/vol10-3gmr1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Study of immigrant populations may contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiology of diseases associated with the aging process. We examined the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism, in elderly subjects who were born in Japan, migrated to South Brazil and have lived in that region for over 40 years, versus a group of elderly, locally born Brazilians living in the same region. These Japanese subjects came to Brazil after World War II (1950-1960) from several Japanese cities, mainly Nagasaki, Kumamoto and Hokkaido. Among 1007 subjects genotyped for ApoE polymorphism, we selected 540 elderly subjects (>60 years old), consisting of 270 Japanese-Brazilians and 270 Brazilians of European ancestry from Rio Grande do Sul State (Gaucha population). The Japanese-Brazilian group had significantly lower prevalences of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome than did the Gaucho population group. ApoE polymorphism frequencies were similar in the two groups. The differences in cardiovascular risk factors observed in the two populations cannot be explained by ApoE polymorphism; they could be related to conservation of Japanese lifestyle habits, such as diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Terra
- Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia, PontifÃ-cia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Deelen J, Beekman M, Uh HW, Helmer Q, Kuningas M, Christiansen L, Kremer D, van der Breggen R, Suchiman HED, Lakenberg N, van den Akker EB, Passtoors WM, Tiemeier H, van Heemst D, de Craen AJ, Rivadeneira F, de Geus EJ, Perola M, van der Ouderaa FJ, Gunn DA, Boomsma DI, Uitterlinden AG, Christensen K, van Duijn CM, Heijmans BT, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Westendorp RGJ, Slagboom PE. Genome-wide association study identifies a single major locus contributing to survival into old age; the APOE locus revisited. Aging Cell 2011; 10:686-98. [PMID: 21418511 PMCID: PMC3193372 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
By studying the loci that contribute to human longevity, we aim to identify mechanisms that contribute to healthy aging. To identify such loci, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) comparing 403 unrelated nonagenarians from long-living families included in the Leiden Longevity Study (LLS) and 1670 younger population controls. The strongest candidate SNPs from this GWAS have been analyzed in a meta-analysis of nonagenarian cases from the Rotterdam Study, Leiden 85-plus study, and Danish 1905 cohort. Only one of the 62 prioritized SNPs from the GWAS analysis (P < 1 × 10−4) showed genome-wide significance with survival into old age in the meta-analysis of 4149 nonagenarian cases and 7582 younger controls [OR = 0.71 (95% CI 0.65–0.77), P = 3.39 × 10−17]. This SNP, rs2075650, is located in TOMM40 at chromosome 19q13.32 close to the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene. Although there was only moderate linkage disequilibrium between rs2075650 and the ApoE ε4 defining SNP rs429358, we could not find an APOE-independent effect of rs2075650 on longevity, either in cross-sectional or in longitudinal analyses. As expected, rs429358 associated with metabolic phenotypes in the offspring of the nonagenarian cases from the LLS and their partners. In addition, we observed a novel association between this locus and serum levels of IGF-1 in women (P = 0.005). In conclusion, the major locus determining familial longevity up to high age as detected by GWAS was marked by rs2075650, which tags the deleterious effects of the ApoE ε4 allele. No other major longevity locus was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joris Deelen
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hae-Won Uh
- Section of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Quinta Helmer
- Section of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maris Kuningas
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical CenterPO Box 2040, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Southern DenmarkJ.B. Winsløws Vej 9, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health-EpidemiologyJ.B. Winsløws Vej 9 B, st. tv, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Dennis Kremer
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud van der Breggen
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H Eka D Suchiman
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Lakenberg
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik B van den Akker
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Mediamatics, Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of TechnologyPO Box 5031, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn M Passtoors
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical CenterPO Box 2040, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center and Sophia Children's HospitalPO Box 2040, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical CenterPO Box 2040, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical CenterPO Box 2040, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University AmsterdamVan der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and WelfarePO Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frans J van der Ouderaa
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David A Gunn
- Unilever DiscoverColworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University AmsterdamVan der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical CenterPO Box 2040, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical CenterPO Box 2040, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health-EpidemiologyJ.B. Winsløws Vej 9 B, st. tv, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical CenterPO Box 2040, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan T Heijmans
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rudi G J Westendorp
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
McKay GJ, Silvestri G, Chakravarthy U, Dasari S, Fritsche LG, Weber BH, Keilhauer CN, Klein ML, Francis PJ, Klaver CC, Vingerling JR, Ho L, De Jong PTDV, Dean M, Sawitzke J, Baird PN, Guymer RH, Stambolian D, Orlin A, Seddon JM, Peter I, Wright AF, Hayward C, Lotery AJ, Ennis S, Gorin MB, Weeks DE, Kuo CL, Hingorani AD, Sofat R, Cipriani V, Swaroop A, Othman M, Kanda A, Chen W, Abecasis GR, Yates JR, Webster AR, Moore AT, Seland JH, Rahu M, Soubrane G, Tomazzoli L, Topouzis F, Vioque J, Young IS, Fletcher AE, Patterson CC. Variations in apolipoprotein E frequency with age in a pooled analysis of a large group of older people. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 173:1357-64. [PMID: 21498624 PMCID: PMC3145394 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) has been reported to be associated with longevity in humans. The authors assessed the allelic distribution of APOE isoforms ε2, ε3, and ε4 among 10,623 participants from 15 case-control and cohort studies of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in populations of European ancestry (study dates ranged from 1990 to 2009). The authors included only the 10,623 control subjects from these studies who were classified as having no evidence of AMD, since variation within the APOE gene has previously been associated with AMD. In an analysis stratified by study center, gender, and smoking status, there was a decreasing frequency of the APOE ε4 isoform with increasing age (χ(2) for trend = 14.9 (1 df); P = 0.0001), with a concomitant increase in the ε3 isoform (χ(2) for trend = 11.3 (1 df); P = 0.001). The association with age was strongest in ε4 homozygotes; the frequency of ε4 homozygosity decreased from 2.7% for participants aged 60 years or less to 0.8% for those over age 85 years, while the proportion of participants with the ε3/ε4 genotype decreased from 26.8% to 17.5% across the same age range. Gender had no significant effect on the isoform frequencies. This study provides strong support for an association of the APOE gene with human longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J McKay
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Adequate provision of vitamin D has been found, in ecological, cross-sectional, and observational studies, to be associated with reduction in the risk of many types of cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), autoimmune diseases, diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2, neurological disorders, several bacterial and viral infections, and adverse pregnancy outcomes in addition to the classical bone disorders of rickets and osteomalacia. Furthermore, investigators have found adequate repletion and increased intakes of vitamin D to be associated with reduced all-cause mortality rates. These findings have been supported by the limited number of properly conducted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used more than 400 IU/day of vitamin D. This review presents an overview of the role of vitamin D for the promotion of health for the more important vitamin D-related diseases and conditions. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of 30—60 ng/ml, corresponding to oral intake or skin production of 1,000—4,000 IU/day of vitamin D, appear necessary in adults for avoidance of hypovitaminosis D-related ill health. People of all ages are encouraged to obtain more vitamin D from judicious exposure to sunshine (for ultraviolet B [UVB] irradiation) or from regular vitamin D supplements because dietary sources do not provide sufficient vitamin D to prevent any health risks other than those of rickets and osteomalacia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center (SUNARC), San Francisco, CA, USA,
| | - Barbara J. Boucher
- Centre for Diabetes, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vasunilashorn S, Finch CE, Crimmins EM, Vikman SA, Stieglitz J, Gurven M, Kaplan H, Allayee H. Inflammatory gene variants in the Tsimane, an indigenous Bolivian population with a high infectious load. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2011; 57:33-52. [PMID: 21845926 PMCID: PMC3529658 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2011.564475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Tsimane of lowland Bolivia are an indigenous forager-farmer population living under conditions resembling pre-industrial European populations, with high infectious morbidity, high infection and inflammation, and shortened life expectancy. Analysis of 917 persons ages 5 to 60+ showed that allele frequencies of 9 SNPs examined in the apolipoprotein E (apoE), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes differed from some European, African, and north Asian-derived populations. The apoE2 allele was absent, whereas four SNPs related to CRP and IL-6 were monomorphic: CRP (rs1800947, rs3093061, and rs3093062) and IL-6 (rs1800795). No significant differences in apoE, CRP, and IL-6 variants across age were found CRP levels were higher in carriers of two CRP proinflammatory SNPs, whereas they were lower in carriers of apoE4. Taken together the evidence for (1) different allele frequencies between the Tsimane and other populations and (2) the correlations of CRP and apoE alleles with blood CRP may suggest that these variants are under selection in response to a high infection environment.
Collapse
|
28
|
Evaluation of genotype-specific survival using joint analysis of genetic and non-genetic subsamples of longitudinal data. Biogerontology 2010; 12:157-66. [PMID: 21193960 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-010-9316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Small sample size of genetic data is often a limiting factor for desirable accuracy of estimated genetic effects on age-specific risks and survival. Longitudinal non-genetic data containing information on survival or disease onsets of study participants for whom the genetic data were not collected may provide an additional "reserve" for increasing the accuracy of respective estimates. We present a novel method for joint analyses of "genetic" (covering individuals for whom both genetic information and mortality/morbidity data are available) and "non-genetic" (covering individuals for whom only mortality/morbidity data were collected) subsamples of longitudinal data. Our simulation studies show substantial increase in the accuracy of estimates in such joint analyses compared to analyses based on genetic subsample alone. Application of this method to analysis of the effect of common apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism on survival using combined genetic and non-genetic subsamples of the Framingham Heart Study original cohort data showed that female, but not male, carriers of the APOE e4 allele have significantly worse survival than non-carriers, whereas empirical analyses did not produce any significant results for either sex.
Collapse
|
29
|
Jacobsen R, Martinussen T, Christiansen L, Jeune B, Andersen-Ranberg K, Vaupel JW, Christensen K. Increased effect of the ApoE gene on survival at advanced age in healthy and long-lived Danes: two nationwide cohort studies. Aging Cell 2010; 9:1004-9. [PMID: 20849521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of Nordic twins suggest an increased genetic influence on mortality with age. Contrary to this, the heterogeneity hypothesis predicts that the mortality of individuals carrying a 'frail' or 'risky' genotype in a population will approach that of noncarriers with age because of selection pressure. The ApoE ε4 allele is associated with an increased mortality risk, and its effect has been suggested to decrease with age. Here, we investigated the effect of ApoE ε4 allele on survival in a sample of the healthiest and long-lived Danes. The study population comprised Danes born in 1905 and a replicate sample of the 1895 cohort. For the 1905 cohort, a total of 350 carriers and 1256 noncarriers of the ApoE ε4 allele were followed from 1998 until death or end of follow-up. Cox regression models were used for the analysis. Of the 1606 persons with known ApoE ε4 status in 1998, 1546 had died at the end of the 10-year follow-up. Carriers of the ApoE ε4 allele had an increased mortality compared to noncarriers, and the influence of ApoE status on mortality increased in the age interval 92-103. For the covariates sex and independency status, the difference in relative risk of death between groups decreased with advancing age. Our findings of increasing influence of ApoE ε4 allele on mortality with age do not support previous findings of decreased influence ApoE ε4 allele on mortality with age, and alternative models such as the multifactorial threshold models should be considered for understanding the genetic effects on mortality at advanced age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rune Jacobsen
- Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, JB Winsløws Vej 9B, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Matera MG, Sancarlo D, Panza F, Gravina C, D’Onofrio G, Frisardi V, Longo G, D’Ambrosio LP, Addante F, Copetti M, Solfrizzi V, Seripa D, Pilotto A. Apolipoprotein E-related all-cause mortality in hospitalized elderly patients. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 32:411-420. [PMID: 20640544 PMCID: PMC2926860 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-010-9144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The most common apolipoprotein E (APOE) allelic variation is implicated in many age-related diseases and human longevity with controversial findings. We investigated the effect of APOE gene polymorphism on all-cause mortality in elderly patients taking into consideration the functional disability, cognitive impairment, malnutrition, and the occurrence of common age-related diseases. APOE genotypes were determined in 2,124 geriatric hospitalized patients (46.5% men and 53.5% women; mean age, 78.2 +/- 7.1 years; range, 65-100 years). At hospital admission, all patients underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment to evaluate functional disability, cognitive status, nutritional status, and comorbidity. The main and secondary diagnoses at hospital discharge were also recorded. Mortality status was evaluated in all patients after a maximum follow-up of 5 years (range, from 1.26 to 5.23 years; median, 2.86 years). During the study period, 671 patients died (32.0%). At hospital admission, these patients showed a significant higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (56.3% vs 53.4%; p = 0.007), neoplasias (32.3% vs 13.7%; p < 0.001), and lower prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (17.7% vs 20.7%; p < 0.001) than survived patients. Moreover, they also showed an higher prevalence of disability (52.0% vs 25.6%; p < 0.001), cognitive impairment (31.0% vs 18.8%; p < 0.001), and malnutrition (74.0% vs 46.1%; p < 0.001) than survived patients. In the overall study population, the APOE epsilon2 allele was significantly associated to neurodegenerative diseases (odds ratio = 0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.37-0.94). No significant association between the APOE polymorphism and disability, malnutrition, co-morbidity status, and with all-cause mortality was observed. In patients with cardiovascular diseases, however, a decreased risk of all-cause mortality was found in the epsilon2 allele carriers (hazard ratio = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36-0.88). In this population, APOE allele variants might play a role on cardiovascular disease-related mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Matera
- Department of Medical Sciences, Geriatrics Unit & Gerontology-Geriatric Research Laboratory, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniele Sancarlo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Geriatrics Unit & Gerontology-Geriatric Research Laboratory, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Geriatrics Unit & Gerontology-Geriatric Research Laboratory, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carolina Gravina
- Department of Medical Sciences, Geriatrics Unit & Gerontology-Geriatric Research Laboratory, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Grazia D’Onofrio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Geriatrics Unit & Gerontology-Geriatric Research Laboratory, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenza Frisardi
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Aging Brain, Memory Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Longo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Geriatrics Unit & Gerontology-Geriatric Research Laboratory, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi P. D’Ambrosio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Geriatrics Unit & Gerontology-Geriatric Research Laboratory, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Filomena Addante
- Department of Medical Sciences, Geriatrics Unit & Gerontology-Geriatric Research Laboratory, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Aging Brain, Memory Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Geriatrics Unit & Gerontology-Geriatric Research Laboratory, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Alberto Pilotto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Geriatrics Unit & Gerontology-Geriatric Research Laboratory, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ozturk Z, Enkhmaa B, Shachter NS, Berglund L, Anuurad E. Integrated role of two apoliprotein E polymorphisms on apolipoprotein B levels and coronary artery disease in a biethnic population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2010; 8:531-8. [PMID: 20715976 DOI: 10.1089/met.2010.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays a major role in lipoprotein metabolism and genetic variability of ApoE confers susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD). Beyond variability in the coding region, promoter polymorphisms in the ApoE gene impact on ApoE transcription. METHODS We determined the ApoE - 491 A/T promoter polymorphism, ApoE isoforms, lipid and lipoprotein levels, and CAD risk factors in 313 Caucasians and 215 African Americans. RESULTS Caucasians had a lower ApoE T allele frequency compared to African Americans (18.1% vs. 32.3%, P < 0.05). Among T/* carriers, ApoB levels were significantly lower in Caucasians, but significantly higher among African Americans, in both cases compared to A/A homozygotes (P = 0.017, and P = 0.012). For a given -491A/T genotype, levels of atherogenic lipoproteins differed across ApoE2/E3/E4 isoforms among African Americans, but not Caucasians, as T/* carriers with ApoE4 had significantly higher ApoB levels compared to T/* carriers with ApoE2 (P = 0.010). Among patients with CAD, Caucasian A/A homozygotes and African American T/* carriers had higher ApoB levels compared to the same genotype without CAD (P = 0.007, P = 0.049, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We observed an ethnicity-specific variability in ApoB levels across the ApoE - 491 A/T polymorphism and a modulatory impact on this pattern by ApoE2/E3/E4 isoforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ozturk
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Human senescence has been delayed by a decade. This finding, documented in 1994 and bolstered since, is a fundamental discovery about the biology of human ageing, and one with profound implications for individuals, society and the economy. Remarkably, the rate of deterioration with age seems to be constant across individuals and over time: it seems that death is being delayed because people are reaching old age in better health. Research by demographers, epidemiologists and other biomedical researchers suggests that further progress is likely to be made in advancing the frontier of survival - and healthy survival - to even greater ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W Vaupel
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lima-Costa MF, Peixoto SV, Taufer M, Moriguchi EH. Apolipoprotein e genotype does not predict 9-year all-cause mortality in brazilian older adults: the Bambui Cohort Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009; 56:2366-8. [PMID: 19093949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
34
|
Rockwood K, Nassar B, Mitnitski A. Apolipoprotein E-polymorphism, frailty and mortality in older adults. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 12:2754-61. [PMID: 18266965 PMCID: PMC3828888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism is associated with variable risks of several illnesses, and with mortality, no persuasive relationship has been demonstrated with frailty. Here, the clinical examination cohort (n= 1452 older adults, aged 70+ years at baseline) of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging was evaluated, with 5-year follow-up data. Frailty was defined using both the phenotypic definition from the Cardiovascular Health Study (Frailty-CHS) and the ‘Frailty Index’, from which age-specific trajectories of deficit accumulation can be estimated. In age-sex adjusted analyses, people with ApoE 4 allele had a higher risk of death (hazard ratio [HR]= 1.20; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.45), but this relationship was not significant when adjusted for cognitive impairment (1.06; 95% confidence interval: 0.88–1.27). There was no association between frailty and ApoE polymorphism, defined in age-sex adjusted models either as Frailty-CHS (ApoE4 HR 1.17; 95% confidence interval: 0.98–1.40, frailty HR 1.37; 95% confidence interval: 1.28–1.46) or by the Frailty Index (ApoE4 HR 1.07; 95% confidence interval: 0.90–1.29, frailty HR 35.3; 95% confidence interval: 20.4–61.1). The data do not support an association between ApoE polymorphism and frailty. This result did not depend on how frailty was defined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Rockwood
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|