1
|
Cullati S, Sieber S, Gabriel R, Studer M, Chiolero A, van der Linden BWA. Lifetime employment trajectories and cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20224. [PMID: 39215024 PMCID: PMC11364773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Working life is associated with lifestyle, screening uptake, and occupational health risks that may explain differences in cancer onset. To better understand the association between working life and cancer risk, we need to account for the entire employment history. We investigated whether lifetime employment trajectories are associated with cancer risk. We used data from 6809 women and 5716 men, average age 70 years, from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe. Employment history from age 16 to 65 was collected retrospectively using a life calendar and trajectories were constructed using sequence analysis. Associations between employment trajectories and self-reported cancer were assessed using logistic regression. We identified eight employment trajectories for women and two for men. Among women, the risk of cancer was higher in the trajectories "Mainly full-time to home/family", "Full-time or home/family to part-time", "Mainly full-time", and "Other" compared with the "Mainly home/family" trajectory. Among men, the risk of cancer was lower in the "Mainly self-employment" trajectory compared with "Mainly full-time". We could show how employment trajectories were associated with cancer risk, underlining the potential of sequence analysis for life course epidemiology. More research is needed to understand these associations and determine if causal relationships exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Route Des Arsenaux 41, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
- Quality of Care Service, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan Sieber
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rainer Gabriel
- Institute of Diversity and Social Integration, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Studer
- Institute of Demographics and Socioeconomics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Chiolero
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Route Des Arsenaux 41, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
- School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernadette W A van der Linden
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Route Des Arsenaux 41, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han X, VanHeuvelen T, Mortimer JT, Parolin Z. Cumulative Unionization and Physical Health Disparities among Older Adults. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 65:162-181. [PMID: 37904493 DOI: 10.1177/00221465231205266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Whereas previous research shows that union membership is associated with improved health, static measurements have been used to test dynamic theories linking the two. We construct a novel measure of cumulative unionization, tracking individuals across their entire careers, to examine health consequences in older adulthood. We use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1970-2019) and predict self-rated health, functional limitations, and chronic health conditions in ages 60 to 79 using cumulative unionization measured during respondents' careers. Results from growth models show that unionized careers are associated with .25 SD to .30 SD improvements in health among older adults across all measures. Analyses of life course mechanisms reveal heterogeneous effects across unionization timing, age in older adulthood, and birth cohort. Moreover, subgroup analyses reveal unionization to partially, but not fully, ameliorate disparities based on privileged social positions. Our findings reveal a substantial and novel mechanism driving older adulthood health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Han
- University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cullati S, Sieber S, Gabriel R, Studer M, Chiolero A, van der Linden BWA. Lifetime Employment Trajectories and Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4207039. [PMID: 38699299 PMCID: PMC11065066 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4207039/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Working life is associated with lifestyle, screening uptake, and occupational health risks that may explain differences in cancer onset. To better understand the association between working life and cancer risk, we need to account for the entire employment history. We investigated whether lifetime employment trajectories are associated with cancer risk. We used data from 6,809 women and 5,716 men, average age 70 years, from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe. Employment history from age 16 to 65 was collected retrospectively using a life calendar and trajectories were constructed using sequence analysis. Associations between employment trajectories and self-reported cancer were assessed using logistic regression. We identified eight employment trajectories for women and two for men. Among women, the risk of cancer was higher in the trajectories "Mainly full-time to home/family", "Full-time or home/family to part-time", "Mainly full-time", and "Other" compared with the "Mainly home/family" trajectory. Among men, the risk of cancer was lower in the "Mainly self-employment" trajectory compared with "Mainly full-time". We could show how employment trajectories were associated with cancer risk, underlining the potential of sequence analysis for life course epidemiology. More research is needed to understand these associations and determine if causal relationships exist.
Collapse
|
4
|
Raza A, Wang M, Narusyte J, Svedberg P, Ropponen A. Regional differences in annual prevalence of sustainable working life in Swedish twin cohort. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:228. [PMID: 37735411 PMCID: PMC10515065 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The global rise in life expectancy transforms age structure consequently having impact to the sustainability of social protection systems and working life. This descriptive study aimed to illustrate the annual prevalence of sustainable working life across Swedish residential regions, and investigate differences between age groups, sex, or being identical or fraternal twin. The study sample included 81,231 twins with linkage to national register data on sickness absence, disability pension, unemployment, and residential regions. Regions were classified by Swedish municipalities into nine groups. Sustainable working life were then followed in 1998, 2003, 2008, and 2013. Annual prevalence and Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) with log linear models for interaction test were used. Medium to large size municipalities (15-24%) had higher annual prevalence of sustainable working life than smaller municipalities (1-7%). Young adults in medium to large size municipalities had high annual prevalence of sustainable working life. We found no differences for sexes or being identical or fraternal twin. To conclude, annual prevalence of sustainable working life in 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2013 differed by region being highest in medium to large size municipalities which may have importance for targeting policies, regulations, and practices in a region-specific way. Further studies on residential regions and sustainable working life would be merited to confirm associations and other influential factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Auriba Raza
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Mo Wang
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Jurgita Narusyte
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Pia Svedberg
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Annina Ropponen
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden.
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, 00032, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cabib I, Valencia R, Olea-Durán B. Childhood Socioeconomic Position, Adulthood Employment Trajectories, and Later Life Functional Limitations in Chile. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:474-486. [PMID: 36345712 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221137055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Relying on a life course perspective, we explored the association between childhood socioeconomic position (SEP), adulthood employment trajectories, and their interactions, with different domains of functional limitations among older people in Chile. We used data from a face-to-face, comprehensive and representative life history survey of older people (N = 802), and weighted bivariate, multivariate, and longitudinal quantitative methods. As a way to address potential problems of reverse causality, we adjust multivariate analyses by lifetime health indicators. Our results show that low childhood SEP and non-standard adulthood employment trajectories characterized by part-time work negatively affect later life functional limitations. The increased risk among people with low childhood SEP is higher if they follow a "part-time employment trajectory" in adulthood. In the conclusion, we emphasize that analyzing life course determinants of functional limitations serves to inform and help design strategies to reduce dependency in later life and promote healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Cabib
- Instituto de Sociología, 28033Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro UC Estudios de Vejez y Envejecimiento, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rocío Valencia
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastián Olea-Durán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Toczek L, Bosma H, Peter R. Early retirement intentions: the impact of employment biographies, work stress and health among a baby-boomer generation. Eur J Ageing 2022; 19:1479-1491. [PMID: 36692777 PMCID: PMC9729676 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-022-00731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, early retirement decisions have become more frequent in the European Union despite political efforts to prevent early retirement. This is a growing problem for the social security system. The study focuses on a life course approach using employment biographies and investigates the influence of work stress and health on early retirement intentions. Data of employees who were born in either 1959 or 1965 of the German cohort study on work, age, health and work participation are analysed (n = 3338). By linking survey and register data from 1993 to 2011, a sequence analysis is conducted to identify employment biographies. To analyse the relationship between the employment biographies and intended early retirement, a longitudinal path analysis is computed and includes work stress, measured through effort-reward imbalance, and self-rated health. The statistical analyses identify three adverse employment biographies, i.e. part-time work, episodes of unemployment or marginal employment. In addition, two favourable employment biographies are determined, characterised by full-time work and few episodes of unemployment. The results of the path analysis show that employment biographies with high work-related stress have early retirement intentions. Among adverse employment biographies, indirect effects of poor health on the association between work stress and early retirement intentions are found. Unexpectedly, among full-time workers, work stress is also associated with early retirement intentions with an additional mediation through health. The findings of this study highlight the importance of the life course perspective when analysing retirement decisions. In addition to health-promoting interventions in the labour market, effects of psychosocial factors should be focussed on in order to reduce early exits from the labour market. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10433-022-00731-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Toczek
- Department of Medical Sociology, Institute of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, Parkstrasse 11, 89073 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans Bosma
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Peter
- Department of Medical Sociology, Institute of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, Parkstrasse 11, 89073 Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cabib I, Budnevich-Portales C, Azar A. Adulthood Employment Trajectories and Later Life Mental Health before and after the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13936. [PMID: 36360816 PMCID: PMC9658652 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This life course study has two aims. First, to explore how diverse employment trajectories across adulthood are related to older people's mental health in Chile, a country with no research in this field, and second, to analyze these associations before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We use data from the nationally-representative and longitudinal 'Chilean Social Protection Survey' sequence analysis to reconstruct employment trajectory types, and bivariate and multivariate analyses to measure their association with depressive symptoms. RESULTS Our findings indicate that formal labor force patterns in adulthood show the lowest burden of depressive symptomology before and after the onset of the overwhelming COVID-19 pandemic when controlling for traditional risk factors. CONCLUSION We emphasize that policymakers in both the labor market and public health domains must consider the relationship between informal employment pathways in adulthood and poorer mental health in old age. Public policies should improve the conditions and quality of jobs during adulthood and promote more formalization in the labor market to address the high uncertainty involving low social protection, which is strongly associated with severe mental health problems in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Cabib
- Instituto de Sociología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Centro UC Estudios de Vejez y Envejecimiento, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Carlos Budnevich-Portales
- Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330015, Chile
| | - Ariel Azar
- Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Employment Management Policies for College Graduates under COVID-19 in China: Diffusion Characteristics and Core Issues. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050955. [PMID: 35628092 PMCID: PMC9140726 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic has been having a great impact on the job market, so that graduates from all over the world are facing a more complex employment environment. Unemployment of the educated labor force often results in a waste of human capital and leads to serious economic and social problems. In the face of the impact of COVID-19, the Chinese government quickly introduced a series of employment policies for college graduates to relieve their employment pressure and create opportunities of career development. How did these employment policies for college graduates spread rapidly under the unconventional state of the COVID-19 epidemic? What are the diffusion characteristics? What are the core issues and measures? What are the differences between governments at all levels? These problems with rich connotation and research value needed to be further clarified. Based on the 72 employment support policies collected from the Chinese government network, this paper conducted a text analysis of the policies and found that in the process dimension, the employment policies of college graduates accumulated and exploded from bottom to top in the short term, and the policies diffusion followed the gradual model of “east–middle–west”. In the content dimension, there were five core issues: financial subsidies, innovation and entrepreneurship to drive employment, public institutions to absorb, optimizing public services, and lowering the support threshold. Meanwhile, there were obvious differences in the choice of policy tools, policy intensity, and implementation ideas in each region. The findings are of important significance for developed and developing countries to better respond to the impact of various emergency situations.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ailshire J, Carr D. Cross-National Comparisons of Social and Economic Contexts of Aging. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:S1-S4. [PMID: 34101809 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ailshire
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Deborah Carr
- Department of Sociology, Boston University, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bratsberg B, Rogeberg O, Skirbekk V. Technology-induced job loss risk, disability and all-cause mortality in Norway. Occup Environ Med 2021; 79:32-37. [PMID: 34561277 PMCID: PMC8685638 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2021-107598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Ongoing shifts in economic structure from automation and globalisation can affect employment and mortality, yet these relations are not well described. Objective We assess whether long-term employment and health outcomes relate systematically to structural change in the labour market, using the occupational Routine Task Intensity (RTI) score as indicator of exposure is to risks of outsourcing and technology-induced job loss. Methods Using a cohort design and administrative data with national population coverage, we categorise all Norwegian employees in 2003 by the RTI score of their occupation and examine how this score correlates with employment and health outcomes measured in 2018 and 2019. The study sample counts 416 003 men and 376 413 women aged 33–52 in 2003. Results The occupational RTI score at baseline is robustly associated with long-term employment, disability and mortality outcomes. Raw correlations are reduced after adjustment for potential confounders, but associations remain substantial in models controlling for individual covariates and in sibling comparisons. Working in an occupation with RTI score 1 SD above the mean in 2003 is associated with a raised probability of being deceased in 2019 of 0.24 percentage points (95% CI: 0.18 to 0.30) for men and 0.13 percentage points (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.24) for women, corresponding to raised mortality rates of 6.7% and 5.5%. Conclusions Individuals in occupations characterised by high routine intensity are less likely to remain employed in the long term, and have higher rates of disability and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ole Rogeberg
- Frisch Centre for Economic Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vegard Skirbekk
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway .,Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|