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Morgenstern LB, Briceño EM, Mehdipanah R, Chang W, Lewandowski-Romps L, Gonzales XF, Levine DA, Langa KM, Garcia N, Khan N, Zahuranec DB, Heeringa SG. A Community-Based Study of Dementia in Mexican American and Non-Hispanic White Individuals. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:649-658. [PMID: 38143352 PMCID: PMC10866536 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information is available on the prevalence of cognitive impairment in Mexican American persons. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in those 65 years and older among Mexican American and non-Hispanic white individuals in a community. METHODS This was a population-based cohort study in Nueces County, Texas, USA. Participants were recruited using a random housing sample. The Harmonized Cognitive Assessment (HCAP) participant and informant protocol was performed after Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening. An algorithm was used to sort participants into diagnostic categories: no cognitive impairment, MCI, or dementia. Logistic regression determined the association of ethnicity with MCI and dementia controlling for age, gender, and education. RESULTS 1,901 participants completed the MoCA and 547 the HCAP. Mexican Americans were younger and had less educational attainment than non-Hispanic whites. Overall, dementia prevalence was 11.6% (95% CI 9.2-14.0) and MCI prevalence was 21.2% (95% CI 17.5-24.8). After adjusting for age, gender, and education level, there was no significant ethnic difference in the odds of dementia or MCI. Those with ≤11 compared with ≥16 years of education had much higher dementia [OR = 4.9 (95% CI 2.2-11.1)] and MCI risk [OR = 3.5 (95% CI 1.6-7.5)]. CONCLUSIONS Dementia and MCI prevalence were high in both Mexican American and non-Hispanic white populations. Mexican American persons had double the odds of mild cognitive impairment and this was attenuated when age and educational attainment were considered. Educational attainment was a potent predictor of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis B. Morgenstern
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Emily M. Briceño
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Roshanak Mehdipanah
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Wen Chang
- University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Xavier F. Gonzales
- Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Department of Life Sciences, Corpus Christi, TX 78412
| | - Deborah A. Levine
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kenneth M. Langa
- University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Nelda Garcia
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Noreen Khan
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Darin B. Zahuranec
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Steven G. Heeringa
- University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Batubara SO, Saragih ID, Mulyadi M, Lee BO. Effects of art therapy for people with mild or major neurocognitive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2023; 45:61-71. [PMID: 37544703 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of non-pharmacological, interactive, and emotional art therapy interventions for patients with mild neurocognitive disorder (mild NCD) or major neurocognitive disorder (MNCD). METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis assessed English-language literature published from January 1, 2001, to August 22, 2021, and indexed in CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. People with mild NCD or MNCD who received art therapy were classified as the intervention group. Study quality was assessed using the Risk of Bias (RoB) 2 and the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. RESULTS Among nine included studies, depression was significantly reduced as compared with control groups (Cohen's d = -0.52 [95 % CI = -0.99-0.05], p < 0.001, I2 = 62.90 %) but not cognitive function or quality of life. CONCLUSION People with mild neurocognitive disorder or MNCD are encouraged to engage in art therapy delivered by art therapists collaborating with healthcare providers. The effects of specific types of art therapy should be explored. PRACTICAL IMPLICATION Healthcare providers should be encouraged to provide art therapy designed to reduce depression in patients with mild NCD or MNCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mulyadi Mulyadi
- Department Emergency & Trauma Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia
| | - Bih-O Lee
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society, National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan.
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Beversdorf DQ, Crosby HW, Shenker JI. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Approaches in Alzheimer Disease and Other Neurocognitive Disorders. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2023; 120:70-78. [PMID: 36860601 PMCID: PMC9970340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As our population ages, there is interest in delaying or intervening in cognitive decline. While newer agents are under development, agents in mainstream use do not impact the course of diseases that cause cognitive decline. This increases interest in alternative strategies. Even as we welcome possible new disease-modifying agents, they are likely to remain costly. Herein, we review the evidence behind other complementary and alternative strategies for cognitive enhancement and prevention of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Q Beversdorf
- Departments of Neurology, Radiology, and Psychological Sciences, and is the William and Nancy Thompson Endowed Chair in Radiology, , University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Haley W Crosby
- Fourth-year medical student at the School of Medicine, , University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Joel I Shenker
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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Bielak AAM, Gow AJ. A Decade Later on How to "Use It" So We Don't "Lose It": An Update on the Unanswered Questions about the Influence of Activity Participation on Cognitive Performance in Older Age. Gerontology 2023; 69:336-355. [PMID: 35709704 DOI: 10.1159/000524666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity engagement is a modifiable factor that has been widely-cited as being good for the aging brain and cognition and represents a valuable target for reducing dementia risk. However, specific issues about activity engagement (mental, social, and physical) and cognition in older adulthood remain, and Bielak [Gerontology 2010;56: 507-519] reviewed seven major methodological and theoretical questions about this relationship. We present an updated reflection on these key questions, focusing on research published in the last 10 years. For some questions, a significant amount of work has been done and conclusions have become clearer; for others, there have been few additions to the literature and our knowledge remains much the same as it was a decade ago. We review the issues identified in the 2010 paper including the directionality and temporal nature of the relationship; whether specific activity domains offer different benefits to cognition and what domain(s) of cognition are affected; variation in the relation by age, gender, or education; potential mechanisms involved; and how activity engagement is assessed. For each, we present the most up-to-date research, discuss remaining challenges and possible future directions. This formal unifying of the information in the field is intended as a guide to support continued progress by spurring on studies addressing specific questions while reminding researchers of critical issues. We conclude with recommendations that future studies investigating the link between activity engagement and cognitive performance in adulthood should consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A M Bielak
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Alan J Gow
- Centre for Applied Behavioural Sciences and Department of Psychology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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Pozzi FE, Appollonio I, Ferrarese C, Tremolizzo L. Can Traditional Board Games Prevent or Slow Down Cognitive Impairment? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:829-845. [PMID: 37638443 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional board games can entail significant skills encompassing several cognitive functions across different domains. Therefore, they may potentially represent effective cognitive interventions in the aging population with or without Alzheimer's disease or other types of dementia. OBJECTIVE We aimed at verifying the hypothesis that traditional board games can prevent or slow down cognitive decline, through a systematic review on traditional board games and dementia. METHODS We searched five databases with tailored search strings. We included studies assessing the impact of board games on elderly subjects at risk of or suffering from cognitive impairment, or subjects with cognitive impairment irrespective of age. Studies where the effect of board games was not separated by cards or other games were excluded. A meta-analysis was performed for specific cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes. RESULTS Board games improved mental function, as measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (p = 0.003) and Mini-Mental State Examination (p = 0.02). Ska and Go improved Trail Making Test -A, while Mahjong improved executive functions. There was no consistent effect across different games on Digit Span or Categorical Fluency. Chess improved quality of life measured with the WHO-QoL-OLD scale (p < 0.00001). Mahjong temporarily improved depressive symptoms. Go increased BDNF levels and left middle temporal gyrus and bilateral putamen metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Traditional board games may slow global cognitive decline and improve the quality of life in elderly subjects. Different games have varying impacts on specific cognitive domains, possibly mediated by functional and biological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ildebrando Appollonio
- Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Pérez Palmer N, Trejo Ortega B, Joshi P. Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2022; 45:639-661. [PMID: 36396270 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment and dementia affect dozens of millions of people worldwide and cause significant distress to patients and caregivers and a financial burden to families and health care systems. Careful history-taking, cognitive and physical examination, and supplemental neuroimaging and fluid-based biomarkers can accurately diagnose neurocognitive disorders. Management includes non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments tailored to the etiology and to the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Pérez Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Barbara Trejo Ortega
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Pallavi Joshi
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, 901 East Willeta Street, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, 475 North 5th, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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Chaudhry BM, Dasgupta D, Chawla NV. Successful Aging for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: An Experimental Study with a Tablet App. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13148. [PMID: 36293730 PMCID: PMC9603432 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mobile health (mHealth) technologies offer an opportunity to enable the care and support of community-dwelling older adults, however, research examining the use of mHealth in delivering quality of life (QoL) improvements in the older population is limited. We developed a tablet application (eSeniorCare) based on the Successful Aging framework and investigated its feasibility among older adults with low socioeconomic status. Twenty five participants (females = 14, mean age = 65 years) used the app to set and track medication intake reminders and health goals, and to play selected casual mobile games for 24 weeks. The Older person QoL and Short Health (SF12v2) surveys were administered before and after the study. The Wilcoxon rank tests were used to determine differences from baseline, and thematic analysis was used to analyze post-study interview data. The improvements in health-related QoL (HRQoL) scores were statistically significant (V=41.5, p=0.005856) across all participants. The frequent eSeniorCare users experienced statistically significant improvements in their physical health (V=13, p=0.04546) and HRQoL (V=7.5, p=0.0050307) scores. Participants reported that the eSeniorCare app motivated timely medication intake and health goals achievement, whereas tablet games promoted mental stimulation. Participants were willing to use mobile apps to self-manage their medications (70%) and adopt healthy activities (72%), while 92% wanted to recommend eSeniorCare to a friend. This study shows the feasibility and possible impact of an mHealth tool on the health-related QoL in older adults with a low socioeconomic status. mHealth support tools and future research to determine their effects are warranted for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beenish Moalla Chaudhry
- School of Computing and Informatics, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 104 E. University Circle, Lafayette, LA 70501, USA
| | - Dipanwita Dasgupta
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, IN 46656, USA
| | - Nitesh V. Chawla
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, IN 46656, USA
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Shahmoradi L, Rezayi S. Cognitive rehabilitation in people with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review of emerging virtual reality-based approaches. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2022; 19:91. [PMID: 35982460 PMCID: PMC9389666 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-022-01069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emerging virtual technologies and cognitive rehabilitation methods are two new treatment approaches that can be used to strengthen cognitive functions in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The main aim of this study was to examine the effect of using virtual reality-based approaches on cognitive disorders of children and adults with ASD. Methods This systematic review was conducted on scientific papers to determine the effects of virtual reality-based technologies on the cognitive functions of children and adults with ASD. We identified 688 studies related to this topic and filtered them down to 17 articles, and then extracted the effects of interventions on cognitive outcomes. Results A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria, in which 226 persons with ASD had taken place. The sample size in the selected studies ranged from 1 to 56 participants (Median: 8, Q1: 3.5, Q3: 15.5). Four of the studies were case–control studies, ten were pre-test/post-test studies, and three were Randomized Control Trials (RCTs). Results of 16 studies showed significant progress in various cognitive indexes, such as task learning, attention, executive functioning, and daily skills in people with ASD. In most studies, virtual technologies had beneficial effects on reducing cognitive problems, but existing limitations could reduce their effectiveness. These limitations included the cost of virtual reality devices, inappropriate size of software, the weight of devices, potential addiction, intolerance of wearing glasses or headsets by people with autism (especially in children), and the possibility of eye injury. Conclusion Applying appropriate virtual-based approaches could improve cognitive indexes in people with ASD. However, further studies are needed to investigate the real effects of these technologies in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Shahmoradi
- Health Information Management and Medical Informatics Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sorayya Rezayi
- Health Information Management and Medical Informatics Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen PJ, Hsu HF, Chen KM, Belcastro F. Effects of Tabletop Games on Cognition in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Games Health J 2022; 11:225-235. [PMID: 35687480 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2021.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that leisure activities, such as tabletop games, not only increase social interactions and reduce depression among older adults, but also help improve their cognitive function. However, the effects of tabletop games on cognition in older adults are yet to be comprehensively analyzed. The purpose of this study was to review and examine the effects of tabletop games on cognition in older adults. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles were searched in seven electronic databases from their inception to December 2020. A total of 3946 studies were retrieved, among which 11 studies were systematically reviewed and 10 were meta-analyzed. In older adults with intact cognition, tabletop games had positive effects on their global cognition (standardized mean differences [SMD] = 1.36, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.37-2.34, P < 0.001) and executive function (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.12-0.83, P < 0.001). In older adults with cognitive impairment, significant differences were found in global cognition (SMD = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.09-0.98, P = 0.02). Tabletop games had the characteristics of cognitive training and interpersonal interactions. After receiving tabletop game interventions, the cognitive functioning in older adults with intact cognition and those with mild cognitive impairment or dementia was improved. For older adults, in addition to improving cognitive functioning, tabletop games also increased their social participation and interactions. Systematic Review Registration: This review has been registered in the PROSPERO (CRD42021254085).
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jung Chen
- Center for Long-term Care Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Hsu
- Center for Long-term Care Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Min Chen
- Center for Long-term Care Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Frank Belcastro
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Dubuque, Dubuque, Iowa, USA
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Effect of social participation on the development of physical frailty: Do type, frequency and diversity matter? Maturitas 2021; 151:48-54. [PMID: 34446279 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the longitudinal association between social participation and incident frailty in community-dwelling older adults in general and particularly in China. This study examined the impact of type, frequency and diversity of social participation on incident physical frailty at two-year follow-up. METHOD Longitudinal data from three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were used. Older adults who were non-frail and aged 60 years or more at baseline and had information on physical frailty at follow-up were included. Frailty was measured using the modified frailty phenotype criteria. Social participation was measured as the type, frequency and diversity of engagement in social activities, including interacting with friends, playing group games, participating in sports clubs, community-related organizations, and voluntary activities. RESULTS A total of 6959 eligible respondents were included. Playing group games (OR=0.73, 95%CI=0.55-0.96) or participating in the activities of sports clubs (OR=0.54, 95%CI=0.34-0.85) once or more times per week led to a decreased risk of developing frailty in two years whereas participating in voluntary activities occasionally (OR=0.50, 95%CI=0.30-0.84) had a protective effect on the development of frailty. More diverse social participation was significantly associated with lower risk of incident frailty at two-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The association between social participation and onset of physical frailty differed by the specific type and frequency of the activities that older adults engaged in. Promoting social participation of various types and at an appropriate frequency may be a promising way to mitigate the burden associated with physical frailty among older adults.
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Taylor AM, Page D, Okely JA, Corley J, Welstead M, Skarabela B, Redmond P, Russ TC, Cox SR. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on psychosocial factors, health, and lifestyle in Scottish octogenarians: The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253153. [PMID: 34138930 PMCID: PMC8211159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about effects of COVID-19 lockdown on psychosocial factors, health and lifestyle in older adults, particularly those aged over 80 years, despite the risks posed by COVID-19 to this age group. Methods Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 members, residing mostly in Edinburgh and the surrounding Lothians regions in Scotland, mean age 84 years (SD = 0.3), responded to an online questionnaire in May 2020 (n = 190). We examined responses (experience and knowledge of COVID-19; adherence to guidance; impact on day-to-day living; social contact; self-reported physical and mental health; loneliness; and lifestyle) and relationships between previously-measured characteristics and questionnaire outcomes. Results Four respondents experienced COVID-19; most had good COVID-19 knowledge (94.7%) and found guidance easy to understand (86.3%). There were modest declines in self-reported physical and mental health, and 48.2% did less physical activity. In multivariable regression models, adherence to guidance by leaving the house less often associated with less professional occupational class (OR = 0.71, 95%CI 0.51–0.98) and poorer self-rated general health (OR = 0.62, 95%CI 0.42–0.92). Increased internet use associated with female sex (OR = 2.32, 95%CI 1.12–4.86) and higher general cognitive ability (OR = 1.53, 95%CI 1.03–2.33). Loneliness associated with living alone (OR = 0.15, 95%CI 0.07–0.31) and greater anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.76, 95%CI 0.45–1.24). COVID-19 related stress associated with lower emotional stability scores (OR = 0.40, 95%CI 0.24–0.62). Decreased physical activity associated with less professional occupational class (OR = 1.43, 95%CI 1.04–1.96), and lower general cognitive ability (OR = 0.679, 95%CI 0.491–0.931). Conclusions Characteristics including cognitive function, occupational class, self-rated health, anxiety, and emotional stability, may be related to risk of poorer lockdown-related psychosocial and physical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele M. Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Page
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Judith A. Okely
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Miles Welstead
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Barbora Skarabela
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tom C. Russ
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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The Impact of a Multitasking-Based Virtual Reality Motion Video Game on the Cognitive and Physical Abilities of Older Adults. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12219106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates how playing a well-designed multitasking motion video game in a virtual reality (VR) environment can positively impact the cognitive and physical health of older players. We developed a video game that combines cognitive and physical training in a VR environment. The impact of playing the game was measured through a four-week longitudinal experiment. Twenty healthy older adults were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (i.e., game training) or a control group (i.e., no contact). Participants played three 45-min sessions per week completing cognitive tests for attention, working memory, reasoning and a test for physical balance before and after the intervention. Results showed that compared to the control group, the game group showed significant improvements in working memory and a potential for enhancing reasoning and balance ability. Furthermore, while the older adults enjoyed playing the video game, ability enhancements were associated with their intrinsic motivation to play. Overall, cognitive training with multitasking VR motion video games has positive impacts on the cognitive and physical health of older adults.
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Altschul D, Starr J, Deary I. Blood pressure and cognitive function across the eighth decade: a prospective study of the Lothian Birth Cohort of 1936. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033990. [PMID: 32709639 PMCID: PMC7380861 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the associations among blood pressure and cognitive functions across the eighth decade, while accounting for antihypertensive medication and lifetime stability in cognitive function. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING This study used data from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) study, which recruited participants living in the Lothian region of Scotland when aged 70 years, most of whom had completed an intelligence test at age 11 years. PARTICIPANTS 1091 members of the LBC1936 with assessments of cognitive ability in childhood and older adulthood, and blood pressure measurements in older adulthood. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Participants were followed up at ages 70, 73, 76 and 79, and latent growth curve models and linear mixed models were used to analyse both cognitive functions and blood pressure as primary outcomes. RESULTS Blood pressure followed a quadratic trajectory in the eighth decade: on average blood pressure rose in the first waves and subsequently fell. Intercepts and trajectories were not associated between blood pressure and cognitive functions. Women with higher early-life cognitive function generally had lower blood pressure during the eighth decade. Being prescribed antihypertensive medication was associated with lower blood pressure, but not with better cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that women with higher early-life cognitive function had lower later-life blood pressure. However, we did not find support for the hypothesis that rises in blood pressure and worse cognitive decline are associated with one another in the eighth decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Altschul
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Starr
- Geriatric Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Premi E, Gazzina S, Diano M, Girelli A, Calhoun VD, Iraji A, Gong Q, Li K, Cauda F, Gasparotti R, Padovani A, Borroni B, Magoni M. Enhanced dynamic functional connectivity (whole-brain chronnectome) in chess experts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7051. [PMID: 32341444 PMCID: PMC7184623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidisciplinary approaches have demonstrated that the brain is potentially modulated by the long-term acquisition and practice of specific skills. Chess playing can be considered a paradigm for shaping brain function, with complex interactions among brain networks possibly enhancing cognitive processing. Dynamic network analysis based on resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) can be useful to explore the effect of chess playing on whole-brain fluidity/dynamism (the chronnectome). Dynamic connectivity parameters of 18 professional chess players and 20 beginner chess players were evaluated applying spatial independent component analysis (sICA), sliding-time window correlation, and meta-state approaches to rs-fMRI data. Four indexes of meta-state dynamic fluidity were studied: i) the number of distinct meta-states a subject pass through, ii) the number of switches from one meta-state to another, iii) the span of the realized meta-states (the largest distance between two meta-states that subjects occupied), and iv) the total distance travelled in the state space. Professional chess players exhibited an increased dynamic fluidity, expressed as a higher number of occupied meta-states (meta-state numbers, 75.8 ± 7.9 vs 68.8 ± 12.0, p = 0.043 FDR-corrected) and changes from one meta-state to another (meta-state changes, 77.1 ± 7.3 vs 71.2 ± 11.0, p = 0.043 FDR-corrected) than beginner chess players. Furthermore, professional chess players exhibited an increased dynamic range, with increased traveling between successive meta-states (meta-state total distance, 131.7 ± 17.8 vs 108.7 ± 19.7, p = 0.0004 FDR-corrected). Chess playing may induce changes in brain activity through the modulation of the chronnectome. Future studies are warranted to evaluate if these potential effects lead to enhanced cognitive processing and if “gaming” might be used as a treatment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Premi
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gazzina
- Neurophysiology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Diano
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Armin Iraji
- Tri-institutional center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaiming Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Franco Cauda
- GCS fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Focus Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gasparotti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mauro Magoni
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
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