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Zhang H, Fan S, Yang J, Yi J, Guan L, He H, Zhang X, Luo Y, Guan Q. Attention control training and transfer effects on cognitive tasks. Neuropsychologia 2024; 200:108910. [PMID: 38777117 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Attention control is the common element underlying different executive functions. The backward Masking Majority Function Task (MFT-M) requires intensive attention control, and represents a diverse situation where attentional resources need to be allocated dynamically and flexibly to reduce uncertainty. Aiming to train attention control using MFT-M and examine the training transfer effects in various executive functions, we recruited healthy young adults (n = 84) and then equally randomized them into two groups trained with either MFT-M or a sham program for seven consecutive days. Cognitive evaluations were conducted before and after the training, and the electroencephalograph (EEG) signals were recorded for the revised Attention Network Test (ANT-R), N-back, and Task-switching (TS) tasks. Compared to the control group, the training group performed better on the congruent condition of Flanker and the double-congruency condition of Flanker and Location in the ANT-R task, and on the learning trials in the verbal memory test. The training group also showed a larger P2 amplitude decrease and P3 amplitude increase in the 2-back task and a larger P3 amplitude increase in the TS task's repeat condition than the control group, indicating improved neural efficiency in two tasks' attentional processes. Introversion moderated the transfer effects of training, as indicated by the significant group*introversion interactions on the post-training 1-back efficiency and TS switching cost. Our results suggested that attention control training with the MFT-M showed a broad transfer scope, and the transfer effect was influenced by the form of training task. Introversion facilitated the transfer to working memory and hindered the transfer to flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Shaoxia Fan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jing Yi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lizhen Guan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Hao He
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yuejia Luo
- Department of Applied Psychology, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266113, China
| | - Qing Guan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Dodge HH, Yu K, Wu CY, Pruitt PJ, Asgari M, Kaye JA, Hampstead BM, Struble L, Potempa K, Lichtenberg P, Croff R, Albin RL, Silbert LC. Internet-Based Conversational Engagement Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (I-CONECT) Among Socially Isolated Adults 75+ Years Old With Normal Cognition or Mild Cognitive Impairment: Topline Results. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2024; 64:gnad147. [PMID: 37935416 PMCID: PMC10943511 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Social isolation is a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) of enhanced social interactions, hypothesizing that conversational interactions can stimulate brain functions among socially isolated older adults without dementia. We report topline results of this multisite RCT (Internet-based conversational engagement clinical trial [I-CONECT]; NCT02871921). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The experimental group received cognitively stimulating semistructured conversations with trained interviewers via internet/webcam 4 times per week for 6 months (induction) and twice per week for an additional 6 months (maintenance). The experimental and control groups both received weekly 10 minutes telephone check-ins. Protocol modifications were required due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. RESULTS A total of 186 participants were randomized. After the induction period, the experimental group had higher global cognitive test scores (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [primary outcome]; 1.75 points [p = .03]) compared with the control group. After induction, experimental group participants with normal cognition had higher language-based executive function (semantic fluency test [secondary outcome]; 2.56 points [p = .03]). At the end of the maintenance period, the experimental group of mild cognitive impairment subjects had higher encoding function (Craft Story immediate recall test [secondary outcome]; 2.19 points [p = .04]). Measure of emotional well-being improved in both control and experimental groups. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging showed that the experimental group had increased connectivity within the dorsal attention network relative to the control group (p = .02), but the sample size was limited. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Providing frequent stimulating conversational interactions via the internet could be an effective home-based dementia risk-reduction strategy against social isolation and cognitive decline. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02871921.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko H Dodge
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Oregon Center for Aging and Technology (ORCATECH), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kexin Yu
- Oregon Center for Aging and Technology (ORCATECH), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Chao-Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Oregon Center for Aging and Technology (ORCATECH), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Patrick J Pruitt
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meysam Asgari
- Oregon Center for Aging and Technology (ORCATECH), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- Oregon Center for Aging and Technology (ORCATECH), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Benjamin M Hampstead
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Research Program on Cognition and Neuromodulation Based Interventions, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura Struble
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kathleen Potempa
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter Lichtenberg
- Institute of Gerontology and Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Raina Croff
- Oregon Center for Aging and Technology (ORCATECH), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Roger L Albin
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- GRECC & Neurology Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lisa C Silbert
- Oregon Center for Aging and Technology (ORCATECH), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Hald GM, Wimmelmann CL, Øverup CS, Cipric A, Sander S, Strizzi JM. Mental health trajectories after juridical divorce: Does personality matter? J Pers 2023; 91:426-440. [PMID: 35656740 PMCID: PMC10083938 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated whether the Big Five personality dimensions were associated with mental health trajectories and/or intervention effects of a digital divorce intervention from juridical divorce to 12 months following juridical divorce. The study utilized a randomized controlled trial study design (N = 676) and measured mental health outcomes (anxiety, depression, somatization, and stress) at study inclusion (i.e., at juridical divorce) and 3-, 6-, and 12 months after juridical divorce. Big Five personality dimensions were measured 1 month post study inclusion. RESULTS The study found that neuroticism is the personality dimension most predictive of post-divorce mental health outcomes. Specifically, divorcees with higher neuroticism scores indicated worse mental health immediately following divorce, but their symptom levels decreased more rapidly over a 12 months period after juridical divorce compared with lower neuroticism divorcees. It is also notable that their mean scores for the mental health outcomes remained higher at all time points (3, 6, and 12 months post baseline), relative to those lower in neuroticism. CONCLUSION Findings are discussed in light of divorce-adjustment-theory and the stress-buffering model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Martin Hald
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Camilla S Øverup
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Cipric
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Sander
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kekäläinen T, Terracciano A, Tirkkonen A, Savikangas T, Hänninen T, Neely AS, Sipilä S, Kokko K. Does Personality Moderate the Efficacy of Physical and Cognitive Training Interventions? A 12-month Randomized Controlled Trial in Older Adults. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023; 202:111957. [PMID: 36776733 PMCID: PMC9912828 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether personality traits moderate the effects of a 12-month physical or combined physical and cognitive training interventions on physical and cognitive functioning. Participants were community-dwelling 70-85-year-old adults (n=314). They were randomly assigned to physical training (weekly supervised walking/balance and strength/balance training, home exercises 2-3x/wk and moderate aerobic activity) or to a physical and cognitive training group (the same physical training and computer training on executive functions 3-4x/wk). The outcomes assessed at baseline and post-intervention were physical (maximum gait speed, six-minute walking distance, dual-task cost on gait speed) and cognitive functioning (Stroop, Trail-Making Test-B, verbal fluency, CERAD total score). Personality traits (NEO-PI-3, n=239) were assessed post-intervention. Personality traits did not moderate intervention effects on physical functioning. Higher openness was associated with greater improvement in CERAD scores, especially in the physical and cognitive training group (group×time×trait B=-.08, p=.038). Lower neuroticism (time×trait B=-.04, p=.021) and higher conscientiousness (time×trait B=.04, p=.027) were associated with greater improvement in CERAD scores in both groups. Personality traits had mostly null moderating effects across physical and cognitive outcomes, with the possible exception of CERAD score. Individuals with more adaptive personality traits gained more on global cognitive scores during a 12-month training intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Kekäläinen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Anna Tirkkonen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tiina Savikangas
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuomo Hänninen
- NeuroCenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Stigsdotter Neely
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden,Engineering Psychology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Sarianna Sipilä
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Katja Kokko
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Lanooij SD, Eisel ULM, Drinkenburg WHIM, van der Zee EA, Kas MJH. Influencing cognitive performance via social interactions: a novel therapeutic approach for brain disorders based on neuroanatomical mapping? Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:28-33. [PMID: 35858991 PMCID: PMC9812764 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many psychiatric and neurological disorders present deficits in both the social and cognitive domain. In this perspectives article, we provide an overview and the potential of the existence of an extensive neurobiological substrate underlying the close relationship between these two domains. By mapping the rodent brain regions involved in the social and/or cognitive domain, we show that the vast majority of brain regions involved in the cognitive domain are also involved in the social domain. The identified neuroanatomical overlap has an evolutionary basis, as complex social behavior requires cognitive skills, and aligns with the reported functional interactions of processes underlying cognitive and social performance. Based on the neuroanatomical mapping, recent (pre-)clinical findings, and the evolutionary perspective, we emphasize that the social domain requires more focus as an important treatment target and/or biomarker, especially considering the presently limited treatment strategies for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne D. Lanooij
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L. M. Eisel
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelmus H. I. M. Drinkenburg
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.419619.20000 0004 0623 0341Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Eddy A. van der Zee
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien J. H. Kas
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Yu K, Wild K, Dowling NM, Kaye JA, Silbert LC, Dodge HH. Emotional characteristics of socially isolated older adults with MCI using tablet administered NIH toolbox: I-CONECT study. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12372. [PMID: 36381558 PMCID: PMC9652485 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Examining the emotional functioning of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) could help describe their cognitive status and inform the development of interventions. This study compared the emotional characteristics of socially isolated older adults with and without MCI. Methods We used baseline data from the Internet-based Conversational Engagement Clinical Trial. Emotional characteristics were assessed with the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Emotion Battery (NIHTB-EB). MCI status was determined with a consensus clinical diagnosis. Results This study included 163 participants (mean age = 81.2 years, non-Hispanic Black = 20.7%, MCI = 52.8%). MCI was associated with higher negative affect and lower psychological well-being. Non-Hispanic Black participants scored lower in sadness, higher in positive affect, and higher in meaning and purpose than non-Hispanic White participants. Conclusion Older adults with MCI experience more negative emotions and worse psychological well-being than those with normal cognition. The NIHTB-EB appears to be a sensitive tool to detect emotional characteristics associated with cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Yu
- NIA‐Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease CenterOregon Center for Aging & TechnologyDepartment of NeurologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Katherine Wild
- NIA‐Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease CenterOregon Center for Aging & TechnologyDepartment of NeurologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - N. Maritza Dowling
- Department of Acute and Chronic CareSchool of Nursingand Department of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsMilken Institute of Public HealthGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Jeffrey A. Kaye
- NIA‐Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease CenterOregon Center for Aging & TechnologyDepartment of NeurologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
- Portland Veterans Affairs Health Care SystemPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Lisa C. Silbert
- NIA‐Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease CenterOregon Center for Aging & TechnologyDepartment of NeurologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
- Portland Veterans Affairs Health Care SystemPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Hiroko H. Dodge
- NIA‐Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease CenterOregon Center for Aging & TechnologyDepartment of NeurologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Stine-Morrow EAL, McCall GS, Manavbasi I, Ng S, Llano DA, Barbey AK. The Effects of Sustained Literacy Engagement on Cognition and Sentence Processing Among Older Adults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:923795. [PMID: 35898978 PMCID: PMC9309613 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.923795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggests that language processing depends on memory processes, which are vulnerable to declines with aging. Yet little is known about the effects of language processing in the form of sustained literacy engagement on memory and other aspects of cognition. In the current study, adults (60-79 years of age) were randomly assigned to an 8-week program of leisure reading (n = 38) or to an active puzzle control (n = 38). Relative to the control, the experimental group showed differential improvement in verbal working memory and episodic memory. The experimental group also showed evidence of enhanced conceptual integration in sentence processing. These effects did not vary as a function of personality characteristics (e.g., openness) hypothesized to be compatible with literacy engagement. These findings support the idea that the exercise of cognitive capacities in the context of everyday life may offset age-related impairment in areas of cognition engaged by the activity, regardless of dispositional fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. L. Stine-Morrow
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Giavanna S. McCall
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Ilber Manavbasi
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Shukhan Ng
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Daniel A. Llano
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Aron K. Barbey
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is increasing recognition of social health being protective against disease, including age-related cognitive decline and dementia. Many concepts around social health, reserve and connectedness are imprecise and without agreed definitions. The mechanisms by which social health is protective are not well understood. RECENT FINDINGS Several observational studies suggest that social participation and connectedness are protective against cognitive decline whereas loneliness is a risk factor for dementia. The possible mechanisms include effects on inflammatory process and immune function, reduced vascular disease risk, improved health behaviours, lower risk of depression, and increased cognitive reserve through cognitive stimulation and physical activity. Social networks have been shown to modify the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment. The relationship of social networks is, however, reciprocal, with dementia leading to social loss, which in turn worsens cognitive decline. Social reserve is conceptualized as both brain processes underlying the ability and predisposition to form meaningful social ties, and their instantiation as an environmental resource in high-quality social networks. SUMMARY Consistent definitions of social health-related terms will lead to better understanding of their determinants so that tailored interventions can be developed to increase social reserve and improve social health of an individual.
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Wu CY, Mattek N, Wild K, Miller LM, Kaye JA, Silbert LC, Dodge HH. Can changes in social contact (frequency and mode) mitigate low mood before and during the COVID-19 pandemic? The I-CONECT project. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 70:669-676. [PMID: 34881436 PMCID: PMC8904274 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global outbreak allowed a natural experiment to observe how older adults changed social patterns and how it affected their emotional well-being. We studied the frequency and modes of social contact and their effects on older adults' mood before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Phone-based surveys were administered weekly before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. SETTING Participants were recruited from Portland, Oregon, and Detroit, Michigan. PARTICIPANTS Older adults ≥75 years old (n = 155, age = 81.0 ± 4.5, 72.3% women) were included in a randomized controlled trial, the Internet-Based Conversational Engagement Clinical Trial (I-CONECT). MEASUREMENTS Low mood was self-reported as feeling downhearted or blue for three or more days in the past week. Social contact was self-reported by the amount of time spent in interactions, with whom (family, friends, others), and via which modes (in-person, phone/video call, text/email/letter). RESULTS A total of 5525 weeks of data were derived from 155 participants. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, average social interaction time spent in-person, on phone/video call, and via text/email/letter was 406, 141, and 68 min/week, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, time spent in-person was reduced by 135 min/week, while time spent via phone/video call and writing increased by 33 and 26 mins/week, respectively. In-person family contact was associated with less low mood regardless of the pandemic (odds ratio = 0.92, p < 0.05). There was a COVID-19 × text/email/letter with friends interaction (odds ratio = 0.77, p = 0.03), suggesting that during the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase of 1 h of writing with friends per week was associated with a 23% decrease in the likelihood of experiencing low mood. CONCLUSION The lost in-person time relating to COVID-19 restrictions tended to be partially compensated for with increased calls and writing time, although overall social interaction time decreased. During the COVID-19 pandemic, at least two types of social interactions (writing to friends and in-person family time) showed promise for mitigating low mood for older adults with limited social resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon,Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nora Mattek
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon,Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Katherine Wild
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon,Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lyndsey M. Miller
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon,School of Nursing, OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jeffrey A. Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon,Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lisa C. Silbert
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon,Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon,Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Hiroko H. Dodge
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon,Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon
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Litwin H, Levinsky M. Does personality shape the personal social networks of older Europeans? Eur J Ageing 2022; 19:717-727. [PMID: 35018168 PMCID: PMC8734542 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-021-00678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to clarify whether personality traits predict the structure, function and quality of egocentric confidant networks in later life. Data were drawn from Waves 7 and 8 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (N = 39,172). We regressed network size, contact frequency and network satisfaction on the Big-5 personality traits, using a single path analysis structure, controlling for country, sociodemographic background and health status. The findings showed that the personality traits were related to the social network outcomes, but their effect was modest and less predictive than the contextual factors. The country predictors explained the most variance, generally, with some surprising results. For example, confidant networks were the largest in Scandinavia and Central Europe, and smallest in the Mediterranean region and Eastern Europe. Among the personality traits, extraversion was the most consistent positive predictor, but conscientiousness was also predictive. Neuroticism was a negative predictor, but not of network size. The sociodemographic variables, particularly partner status, explained more variance than the personality traits did. In sum, the SHARE database offers a comprehensive and differentiated view of the complex interpersonal milieus in which older Europeans are embedded. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10433-021-00678-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Litwin
- Israel Gerontological Data Center, Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Levinsky
- Israel Gerontological Data Center, Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
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Vaccaro R, Abbondanza S, Rolandi E, Casanova G, Pettinato L, Colombo M, Guaita A. Effect of a Social Networking Site Training on Cognitive Performance in Healthy Older People and Role of Personality Traits. Results from the Randomized Controlled Trial Ageing in a Networked Society-Social Experiment (ANS-SE) Study. Exp Aging Res 2021; 48:311-327. [PMID: 34605378 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2021.1982351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to evaluate the short-term efficacy of social network sites (SNSs) training on cognitive performance in cognitively healthy older individuals, and to explore the influence of personality traits on cognitive benefits of SNSs training. METHODS The Aging in a Networked Society-Social Experiment study was a randomized controlled trial with three arms: intervention group (course on SNSs use), active control group (lifestyle education) and waiting list. Among the 180 eligible participants, 144 participated, 115 completed the study. The assessment comprised: Stroop Color and Word Test, Wechsler tests (Digit span, Symbol search, Coding), and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire- Revised- Short Form. RESULTS There was no significant cognitive improvement for treatment group versus the control groups. Time interference significantly worsened in lifestyle education group compared to the waiting list, after controlling for baseline test scores and personality traits. CONCLUSION The present study does not support the usefulness of SNSs training with healthy older adults. The educational content of lifestyle education is not an inert condition among individuals with high levels of neuroticism and socially desirable responding. There is a need to design experimental conditions in the control groups which do not influence participant's outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Vaccaro
- Research Center for Brain Aging and Related Diseases, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Simona Abbondanza
- Research Center for Brain Aging and Related Diseases, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Elena Rolandi
- Research Center for Brain Aging and Related Diseases, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Georgia Casanova
- IRCCS- INRCA -National Institute of Health & Science on Ageing- Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Pettinato
- Research Center for Brain Aging and Related Diseases, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Mauro Colombo
- Research Center for Brain Aging and Related Diseases, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Antonio Guaita
- Research Center for Brain Aging and Related Diseases, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
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Yu K, Wild K, Potempa K, Hampstead BM, Lichtenberg PA, Struble LM, Pruitt P, Alfaro EL, Lindsley J, MacDonald M, Kaye JA, Silbert LC, Dodge HH. The Internet-Based Conversational Engagement Clinical Trial (I-CONECT) in Socially Isolated Adults 75+ Years Old: Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol and COVID-19 Related Study Modifications. Front Digit Health 2021; 3:714813. [PMID: 34713183 PMCID: PMC8521795 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.714813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing social interactions through communication technologies could offer a cost-effective prevention approach that slows cognitive decline and delays the onset of Alzheimer's disease. This paper describes the protocol of an active project named "Internet-based conversational engagement clinical trial (I-CONECT)" (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02871921). The COVID-19 pandemic related protocol modifications are also addressed in the current paper. Methods: I-CONECT is a multi-site, assessor-blind, randomized controlled behavioral intervention trial (RCT). We aim to randomize 320 socially isolated adults 75+ years old [160 Caucasian and 160 African American participants, 50:50 split between those with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment (MCI)] recruited from the community to either the video chat intervention group or the control group (1:1 allocation). Those in the video chat group receive a computer and Internet service for the duration of the study, which they use to video chat with study staff for 30 min/day 4×/week for 6 months (high dose), and then 2×/week for an additional 6 months (maintenance dose). Both video chat and control groups have a brief (about 10 min) telephone check-in with study staff once per week. The primary outcome is the change in global cognitive function measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) from baseline to 6 months. Secondary outcomes include changes in cognition in memory and executive function domains, emotional well-being measured by NIH Toolbox emotional battery, and daily functional abilities assessed with the Revised Observed Tasks of Daily Living (OTDL-R). Eligible participants have MRIs at baseline and 6 months. Participants contribute saliva for genetic testing (optional consent), and all video chats, weekly check-in calls and neuropsychological assessment sessions are recorded for speech and language analysis. The pandemic halted research activities and resulted in protocol modifications, including replacing in-person assessment with remote assessment, remote deployment of study equipment, and revised targeted sample size. Discussion: This trial provides user-friendly hardware for the conversational-based intervention that can be easily provided at participants' homes. The trial aspires to use age and culture-specific conversational materials and a related platform developed in this trial for enhancing cognitive reserve and improving cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Yu
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Katherine Wild
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kathleen Potempa
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Hampstead
- Mental Health Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Research Program on Cognition and Neuromodulation Based Interventions, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Peter A. Lichtenberg
- The Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Laura M. Struble
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Patrick Pruitt
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- The Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Elena L. Alfaro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jacob Lindsley
- The School of Psychological Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey A. Kaye
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Lisa C. Silbert
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Hiroko H. Dodge
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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13
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Otake-Matsuura M, Tokunaga S, Watanabe K, Abe MS, Sekiguchi T, Sugimoto H, Kishimoto T, Kudo T. Cognitive Intervention Through Photo-Integrated Conversation Moderated by Robots (PICMOR) Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Robot AI 2021; 8:633076. [PMID: 33969003 PMCID: PMC8103544 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2021.633076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Social interaction might prevent or delay dementia, but little is known about the specific effects of various social activity interventions on cognition. This study conducted a single-site randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Photo-Integrated Conversation Moderated by Robots (PICMOR), a group conversation intervention program for resilience against cognitive decline and dementia. In the RCT, PICMOR was compared to an unstructured group conversation condition. Sixty-five community-living older adults participated in this study. The intervention was provided once a week for 12 weeks. Primary outcome measures were the cognitive functions; process outcome measures included the linguistic characteristics of speech to estimate interaction quality. Baseline and post-intervention data were collected. PICMOR contains two key features: 1) photos taken by the participants are displayed and discussed sequentially; and 2) a robotic moderator manages turn-taking to make sure that participants are allocated the same amount of time. Among the primary outcome measures, one of the subcategories of cognitive functions, verbal fluency significantly improved in the intervention group. Among the process outcome measures, a part of the subcategories of linguistic characteristics of speech, the amount of speech and richness of words, proportion of providing topics, questions, and answers in total utterances were larger for the intervention group. This study demonstrated for the first time the positive effects of a robotic social activity intervention on cognitive function in healthy older adults via RCT. The group conversation generated by PICMOR may improve participants’ verbal fluency since participants have more opportunity to provide their own topics, asking and answering questions which results in exploring larger vocabularies. PICMOR is available and accessible to community-living older adults. Clinical Trial Registration:UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, identifier UMIN000036667.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seiki Tokunaga
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Kumi Watanabe
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Masato S Abe
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | | | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Taishiro Kishimoto
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Chuo-ku, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Chuo-ku, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Luttenberger K, Graessel E, Behrndt EM, Özbe D, Donath C, Scheel J. Responder Analysis of a Multicomponent Non-Pharmacological Intervention (MAKS) for People With Cognitive Impairment in the German Day-Care Study (DeTaMAKS). Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:587. [PMID: 31496961 PMCID: PMC6712159 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Multicomponent non-pharmacological therapies have been shown to be effective at reducing cognitive symptoms and slowing deterioration in abilities to perform activities of daily living (ADL) in individuals with cognitive impairment. However, little is known about response rates and predictors of response. Methods: We used data from the German day-care study (DeTaMAKS; De = dementia, Ta = Tagespflege/day-care, M = motor stimulation, A = activities of daily living stimulation, K = k/cognitive stimulation, S = social stimulation; n = 362), which was based on a cluster-randomized trial of the non-pharmacological, multicomponent, anti-dementia MAKS therapy for people with cognitive impairment in day-care centers. We investigated response (defined as improvement or no deterioration) for three different response criteria: cognition via Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, ADL via Erlangen Test of Activities of Daily Living in Persons with Mild Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment (ETAM) score, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) via Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) score. In addition, we calculated the number needed to treat (NTT) and response rates according to net gain analyses. Results: For all three criteria, the response rates were higher in the intervention group than in the control group (chi2 test: p = 0.058 to p = 0.003). Compared with non-responders, responders according to cognition had higher ETAM scores (= better ADL abilities) at baseline; responders according to ADL had lower ETAM scores (= poorer ADL abilities) at baseline; and responders according to BPSD had higher NPI-Q scores (= more BPSD) at baseline. Classification rates based on these predictors ranged from 60.6 to 68.3%. Discussion: The response rates to the non-pharmacological MAKS therapy were greater than those reported for anti-dementia drugs. There were only a few differences between responders and non-responders. Because of the low classification rates, these variables had only a small impact on response predictions. Therefore, there are no empirically substantiated selection criteria for the application of MAKS therapy in facilities. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier ISRCTN16412551.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer Scheel
- Center for Health Services Research in Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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